Theory / Summary Session - 2015-16 New Sheet Structure For JEE (Advanced) Class - XII

Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
THEORY / SUMMARY
Session - 2015-16
New Sheet Structure for JEE(Advanced)
Class - XII
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
-I: SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Definition of function, Domain and Range, Classification of Functions

(A) :
A-1_. Check whether the followings represent function or not
(i) x2 + y2 = 36, y  [0, 6] (ii) x2 + y2 = 36, x  [0, 1]

(iii) x2 + y2 = 36, x  [–6, 6] (iv) x2 + y2 = 36
Ans. (i) yes (ii) no (iii) no (iv)no
Sol. x2 + y2 = 36  y=±
36  x 2
Equation represents circle of radius 6 with centre (0, 0)
By vertical line test, for every value of x, there are two values of y .
Which contradicts definition of function
So equation doesn’t represents a function.
Hindi x2 + y2 = 36  y=± 36  x 2
(0, 0) 6
x y
x2 + y2 = 36
A-2. Find the domain of each of the following functions :
x 3  5x  3
(i) f(x) = (ii)_ f(x) = sin(cos x )
x2  1
1
(iii) f(x) = (iv) f(x) = ex+sinx
x | x |
1 log 2 ( x  2)
(v) f(x) = + x2 (vi)_ f(x) = log1/ 2 (3 x  1)
log10 (1  x )
(vii)_ f(x) = n [x2 + x + 1], where [.] GIF.
cos x  1
(viii) f (x) =
2
6  35 x  6 x 2
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ADVFNT -1
 
Ans. (i) R – {–1, 1} (ii) 2n –  x  2n + , n  (iii) (0, ) (iv) R
2 2
(v) [–2, 0)  (0, 1) (vi) (2, 3] (vii) (– –1]  [0,
 1  5 
(viii)  ,    , 6
 6 3  3 
x 3  5x  3 x 3  5x  3
Sol. (i) f(x) =  f(x) = . Division by zero is undefined
x2  1 ( x  1)( x  1)
 x±1  Domain x  R – {1, –1}  x  (–, –1)  (–1, 1)  (1, )
 
(ii) cos x  [0, 1]  2n –  x  2n + , n 
2 2
1
(iii) f(x) = for function to be defined x + |x| > 0 for x > 0, x + |x| = 2x > 0
x | x |
for x  0, x + |x| = 0  Domain is x  (0, )
(iv) f(x) = ex + sin x. Domain x  R as there is no restriction for exponent of e.
1
(v) f(x) = log (1  x ) + x2
10
1 – x > 0 and x + 2  0 and 1 – x  1  x  (– , 1) – {0} and x  – 2  x  [–2, 0)  (0, 1)
log 2 ( x  2)
(vi) Clearly x > 2 and log (3 x  1)  0  log2 (x – 2)  0  x – 2  1  x  3
1/ 2
(vii) x2 + x + 1  1  (– –1]  [0,
1
cos x  1   
(viii) f(x) = 2  cos x – 0 or x  2n  , 2n   , n 
2   3 3
6  35 x  6 x 2
 1   1    5 
and 6 + 35x – 6x 2 > 0 or x    ,6   Domain   ,    ,6 
 6   6 3  3 
x 3  5x  3 x 3  5x  3
Hindi (i) f(x) =  f(x) =
x2  1 ( x  1)( x  1)

 x±1  x  R – {1, –1}  x  (–, –1)  (–1, 1)  (1, )
 
(ii) cos x  [0, 1]  2n –  x  2n + , n 
2 2
1
(iii) f(x) = x | x | x + |x| > 0
x>0 x + |x| = 2x > 0

x0 x + |x| = 0  x  (0, )
(iv) f(x) = ex + sin x xR
e
1
(v) f(x) = log (1  x ) + x  2  1 – x > 0 x+20 1–x1
10
 x  (– , 1) – {0} x  – 2  x  [–2, 0)  (0, 1)

log 2 ( x  2)
(vi) x>2 log1/ 2 (3 x  1)  0  log2 (x – 2)  0  x – 2  1  x  3
ADVFNT -2
(vii) x2 + x + 1  1  (– –1]  [0,
1
cos x  1   
(viii) f(x) = 2  cos x – 0 x  2n  , 2n  
2   3 3 
6  35 x  6 x 2
 1   1    5 
6 + 35x – 6x2 > 0 x    ,6     ,    ,6 
 6   6 3  3 
A-3. Find the domain of definitions of the following functions :
(i) f (x) = 3  2 x  21  x (ii) f (x) = 1 1 x2
x2 1 x
(iii) f (x) = (x2 + x + 1)–3/2 (iv) f (x) = +
x2 1 x
1
(v) f(x) = tan x  tan 2 x (vi) f (x) =
1  cos x
 5x  x 2 
(vii) f (x) = og1/ 4  
(viii) f (x) = og10 (1 – og10(x2 – 5x + 16))
 4 
 
Ans. (i) [0, 1] (ii) [– 1, 1] (iii) R (iv) 
(v)   
n, n  4  (vi) R – {2n}, n (vii) (0, 1]  [4,5) (viii) (2, 3)
nI  
Sol. (i) f(x) = 3  2 x  2.2  x
3 – 2x – 2 .2–x  0
or (2x)2 – 3.2x + 2  0
or (2x – 1) (2x – 2)  0  2x  [1, 2]  x [0, 1]
(ii) f(x) = 1 1 x2
1 – 1 x 2  0  1 x 2 1  0  1 – x2  1  x [– 1, 1]
(iii) f(x) = (x2 + x + 1)–3/2  D:xR
x2 1 x x2 1 x
(iv) f(x) = +  0 and 0
x2 1 x x2 1 x
x  (– , –2)  [2, ) and x  (–1, 1]
D:
(v) f(x) = tan x  tan 2 x  tan x – tan2x  0
or 0  tan x  1 or x    
n , n  4 
n   
1
x
(vi) f(x) = 2 sin x  sin 0 or x  2n
2 2
 5x  x 2  5x  x 2
log1/ 4  
(vii) f(x) = 
 4   4
1 and 5x – x2 > 0
or x  (0, 1]  [4, 5)
(viii) f(x) = log10 (1 – log10(x2 – 5x + 16))  1 – log10 (x2 – 5x + 16) > 0
or x2 – 5x + 6 < 0 or x  (2, 3).
ADVFNT -3
A-4. Find the range of each of the following functions :
x |x4|
(i) f(x) = | x – 3 | (ii) f(x) = 2 (iii) f(x) = 16  x 2 (iv) f(x) =
1 x x4
 1 1
(i) [0, ) (ii)  ,
2 
Ans. (iii) [0, 4] (iv) {–1, 1}
 2
Sol. (i) y = |x – 3|
Range y  [0, )
o 3
x
(ii) y=
1 x2
Method 1
Domain x  R
yx2 – x + y = 0
quadratic in x has real roots as x  R
 Discriminant D  0  1 – 4y2  0  (2y – 1) (2y + 1)  0i  y   1 , 1 

 2 2
 
Here at y = 0 quadratic vanishes. so we have to check this seperately
Put y = 0  x = 0 (a point with in domain)
 y = 0 point is included in the range
Note : If there is no point of x in the domain for the value of y for which quadratic vanishes, we have
to remove that point from range
Method 2
x 1 1 1 1 1  1   1
f(x) = = We know that x  2 0<     , 0    0 , 
1 x 2 1  x 1 2  1  2   2
  x x x  
x  x  x 
 1 1
But divison by x is done by us, So at x = 0 , y = 0  Range y   , 
 2 2
Method 3
x 1 x2
f(x) = is an odd function  f(x) = =0 x=±1
1 x2 (1  x 2 )2
>0 x  (–1, 1)
<0 x  (– , –1)  (1, )
Lim x
=0 (0+ more accurately)
x  1 x2 1/2
–1
Lim x
=0 (0– more accurately) 0 1
x   1 x2 –1/2
 1 1
Range y   , 
 2 2
(iii) f(x) = 16  x 2 . Domain x  [–4, 4]  f(x) > 0, y = 16  x 2  x + y = 16

2 2
Equation of semicircle
ADVFNT -4
–4 4
 Range y  [0, 4] 1
|x4| 1 , x4
(iv) f(x) = ,x4 4 f(x) = 
x4  1 , x  4
–1
 Range y  {–1, 1}
Hindi (i) y = |x – 3| y  [0, )
o 3
x
(ii) y=
1 x2
Method 1
xR yx2 – x + y = 0 ...........(i)
 x xR
 D0  1 – 4y2  0  (2y – 1) (2y + 1)  0  y   1 , 1 

 2 2
 
 y= 0 (i)
 y= 0 x = 0  y=0
Note : y x y
Method 2
x 1 1 1 1 1  1   1
f(x) = =  x  2 0<     , 0    0 , 
1 x 2 1  x 1 2  1  2   2
  x x x  
 x  x  x
 1 1
 x x = 0 y=0  y   , 
 2 2
Method 3
x 1 x2
f(x) =  f(x) = =0 x=±1
1 x2 (1  x 2 )2
>0 x  (–1, 1)
<0 x  (– , –1)  (1, )
Lim x
=0
x  1 x2 1/2
–1
Lim x
=0 0 1
x   1 x2 –1/2
 1 1
y   , 
 2 2
ADVFNT -5
(iii) f(x) = 16  x 2  x  [–4, 4]  f(x) > 0, y = 16  x 2  x + y = 16

2 2
–4 4
 y  [0, 4] 1
|x4| 1 , x4
(iv) f(x) = ,x4 4 f(x) = 
x4  1 , x  4
–1
 y  {–1, 1}
A-5. Find the domain and the range of each of the following functions : [For Revision Planner]
1 x2  9
(i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) = x ! (iii) f(x) = (iv) f(x) = sin2(x3) + cos2(x3)
4  3 sin x x3
1
Ans. (i) Domain : R, Range : y1 (ii) Domain : N  {0}, Range : (n! : n = 0, 1, 2,...}
7
(iii) Domain R – {3}, Range : R – {6} (iv) Domain : R, Range : {1}
1
(i) : R, : y1 (ii) : N  {0}, : (n! : n = 0, 1, 2,...}
7
(iii) : R – {3}, : R – {6} (iv) : R, : {1}
1
Sol. (i) f(x) =
4  3 sin x
4
Domain 4 + 3 sin x > 0  sin x > – Always true  x  R
3
Range – 3  3 sin x  3
1 1 1 1  1 
 1  4 + 3 sin x  7  1    1  y  , 1
4  3 sin x 7 4  3 sin x 7  7 
(ii) f(x) = x !
Domain x  W  x  N  {0}
Range {y : y  n!, where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......}
x2  9 (x  3)(x  3)
(iii) f(x) = = = (x + 3)
x3 (x  3) 6
Domain x  R – {3} 3
Range y  R – {6}
(iv) f(x) = sin2 (x3) + cos2(x3) 3
f(x) = 1
Domain x  R
Range y  {1}
1
Hindi (i) f(x) =
4  3 sin x
4
4 + 3 sin x > 0  sin x > – xR
3
– 3  3 sin x  3
ADVFNT -6
1 1 1 1  1 
 1  4 + 3 sin x  7  1   1  y  , 1
4  3 sin x 7 4  3 sin x 7  7 
(ii) f(x) = x !
xW  x  N  {0}
{y : y  n!, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......}
x2  9 (x  3)(x  3)
(iii) f(x) = = = (x + 3)
x3 (x  3) 6
x  R – {3} 3
y  R – {6}
(iv) f(x) = sin2 (x3) + cos2(x3) 3
f(x) = 1
xR
y  {1}
A-6. Find the range of each of the following functions : (where {.} and [.] represent fractional part and greatest
integer part functions respectively ) [For Revision Planner]
( {.} [.]
)
1
(i) f(x) = 5 + 3 sin x + 4 cos x (ii) f(x) =
1 x
(iii) f(x) = 2 – 3x – 5x 2
(iv) f(x) = 3 | sin x| – 4 |cos x|
sin x cos x  8  x2 
 
(v) f(x) = + (vi). f(x) = n  x  2 
1  tan 2 x 1  cot 2 x  
 1 
(vii) f(x) =  sin{ x} 
 
49
Ans. (i) [0, 10] (ii) (0, 1] (iii) (–  , ]
20
(iv) [–4, 3] (v) [–1, 1] (vi) R (vii) n  N

Sol. (i) f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5
– 3 2  4 2  3 sin x + 4 cos x  32  42  – 5  3 sin x + 4 cos x  5
 0  3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5  10  Range y  [0, 10]
1 1
(ii) f(x) = ;  > x 0  >1+ x 1  0< 1
1 x 1 x
 Range y  (0, 1]
(iii) f(x) = 2 – 3x – 5x2

Domain x  R
Method 1
– D/4a
y = – 5x2 – 3x + 2 2
opening downward parabola
0
  D  49 
Range y     ,  y    ,
 4a   20 

ADVFNT -7
Method 2
5x2 + 3x + (y – 2) = 0
49
D0  9 – 20 (y – 2)  0  20y – 49  0  y 
20
(iv) f(x) = 3 |sin x| – 4|cos x|. f(x) is a periodic function with period . So analysis is limited in [0, ]

fmax = 3.1 – 4.0 = + 3 at x = , |sin x| = 1, |cos x| = 0
2
fmin = 3.0 – 4.1 = – 4 at x = 0, |sin x| = 0, |cos x| = 1  Range y  [–4, 3]
sin x cos x
(v) f(x) = + . f(x) = sin x |cos x| + cos x |sin x| periodic period = 2
2
1  tan x 1  cot 2 x
  
 sin 2x , x   0, 
  2
  
 0 , x   , 
  2 

  3  
f(x) =   sin2x , x   ,
 2 

  3 
 0 , x   , 2 
  2 
 Range y  [–1, 1]
 8  x2 
  8  x2
(vi) f(x) = n  x  2  for f' to be defined 8 – x2 > 0 & >0; x>2
  x2
8  x2
(2, 2 2 )  0< <  x  (2, 2 2 )
x2
8  x2
Range of n  (– , ) = R
x2
 1 
(vii) f(x) =  sin{ x}   sin{x}  0  {x}  n, n  I
 
3 2 1
0 < sin{x} < sin 1 < sin 60°  0 < sin {x} <  < sin{ x} < 
2 3
 1   1 
  = 1, 2, 3.........  Range of   N
 sin{ x}   sin{ x} 
HIndi (i) f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5 – 3 2  4 2  3 sin x + 4 cos x  32  42

 – 5  3 sin x + 4 cos x  5  0  3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5  10  y  [0, 10]
1 1
(ii) f(x) =   > x 0 >1+ x 10< 1 y  (0, 1]
1 x 1 x
(iii) f(x) = 2 – 3x – 5x2 xR
Method 1
– D/4a
y = – 5x2 – 3x + 2 2
ADVFNT -8
  D  49 
y    ,  y    ,
 4a   20 
Method 2
5x2 + 3x + (y – 2) = 0  D0  9 – 20 (y – 2)  0
49
 20y – 49  0  y
20
(iv) f(x) = 3 |sin x| – 4|cos x|
 f(x)  [0, ]

fmax = 3.1 – 4.0 = + 3 at x = , |sin x| = 1, |cos x| = 0
2
fmin = 3.0 – 4.1 = – 4 at x = 0, |sin x| = 0, |cos x| = 1
 y  [–4, 3]
sin x cos x
(v) f(x) = +  f(x) = sin x |cos x| + cos x |sin x|
2
1  tan x 1  cot 2 x
 f(x), 2
  
 sin 2x , x   0, 
  2 
  
 0 , x   , 
 2 

  3 
f(x) =   sin2x , x   ,
 2 

  3 
 0 , x   , 2 
  2 
 y  [–1, 1]
 8  x2 
  8  x2
(vi) f(x) = n  x  2  f(x) 8 – x2 > 0 & >0; x>2
  x2
8  x2 8  x2
(2, 2 2 )  0 < <  x  (2, 2 2 ). n  (– , ) = R
x2 x2
 1 
(vii) f(x) =  sin{ x}   sin{x}  0  {x}  n, n  I
 
3 2 1
0 < sin{x} < sin 1 < sin 60°  0 < sin {x} <  < sin{ x} < 
2 3
 1   1 
  = 1, 2, 3.........   N
 sin{ x}   sin{ x} 
ADVFNT -9
A-7. Find the range of the following functions : (where {.} and [.] represent fractional part and greatest integer
part functions respectively )
( {.} [.]
)
1
(i) f (x) = 1 – | x – 2 | (ii). f(x) = 2
x
16  4 x
1 x2
(iii) f (x) = 2  cos3x (iv) f (x) = 2
x  8x  4
x 2  2x  4 2
(v) f (x) = 2 (vi) f (x) = 3 sin  x2
x  2x  4 16
(vii) f (x)= x 4  2 x2 + 5 (viii) f (x) = x3 – 12x, where ( ) x  [–3, 1]
(ix) f (x) = sin2 x + cos4x
(x) f(x) = [sin x + [cos x + [tan x+ [secx]]]] Here x  (0, /4)
(xi) f(x) = sec2x – tan2x + sin (sinx + cos x)
 

1
,  1 
Ans. (i) (– , 1] (ii)  16  1/ 2  (iii)  3 , 1
   
 1  1
  ,   

,  1   3 
(iv)
 4   20 
(v)  3 , 3 (vi) 0 , 
   2
3 
(vii) [4, ) (viii) [–11, 16] (ix)  4 , 1
 
(x) 1 (xi) 1  sin 2, 1  sin 2 

 
Sol. (i) f(x) = 1 – |x – 2|  |x – 2|  [0, )  f(x)  (– , 1]

1
(ii) f(x) = 2
x for function to be defined
16  4 x
2 2
16 – 4 x  x > 0 16 > 4 x  x
1
  x
4x < 42
 x2 – x – 2 < 0  (x – 2) (x + 1) < 0
 1 
so n  (–1, 2)  " x  (–1, 2)  x2 – x    , 2 
 4 
 1   1 
, 16  
4 x2 x    16  4 x2 x   0, 16  
 2   2 
 
 
 1
1 , 
So range of 2
x   1 
16  4 x  16  
 2 
1
(iii) f(x) = range of cos 3x is [–1, 1] cos 3x [–1, 1]
2  cos 3 x
ADVFNT - 10
1 
 f(x)   , 1
3 
x2
(iv) f(x) = 2 =y  x + 2 = yx2 – 8yx – 4y
x  8x  4
or yx2 – x (8y + 1) – (4y + 2) = 0
for x to be real D  0 x D0
(8y + 1)2 + 4y (4y + 2)  0  64y + 16y + 1 + 16y + 8y  0
2 2
80y2 + 24y + 1  0
 1  1 
or y     ,     , 
 4  20 
x 2  2x  4
(v) f(x) = =y  x2 – 2x + 4 = yx2 + 2xy + 4y
x 2  2x  4
x2 (1 – y) – 2x(1 + y) + 4(1 – y) = 0
D0
1 
4(1 + y)2 – 16(1 – y)2  0 or y   , 3
3 
2    2  
(vi) f(x) = 3 sin  x2  D : x   ,    x 2  0 , 
16  4 4 16  4
 3 
 f(x)  0 , 
 2
(vii) f(x) = x3 – 2x2 + 5 = (x2 – 1)2 + 4  R : [4, )
(viii) f(x) = x3 – 12x , x  [–3, 1] = x (x2 – 12)  f(x) = 3x2 – 12 = 0
or x=±2
R : [–11, 16]
 2 1 3
(ix) f(x) = sin2x + cos4x = sin2x + 1 + sin4x – 2 sin2x = sin 4x – sin2x + 1 =  sin x   +
 2 4
3 
R :  , 1 .
4 
(x) f(x) = [sin x] + [tan x] + [cos x] + [sec x]
 1   1 
 x  (0, /4)  sin x   0,   [sin x] = 0  cos x   , 1  [cos x] = 0
 2  2 
tan x  (0, 1)  [tan x] = 0  sec x  (1, 2 )  [sec x] = 1
Range of f(x) = {1} f(x) = {1}

(xi) Domain is R – (2n + 1) and – 2  sin x + cos x  2 . sin(sinx + cosx)  ± sin 1
2
But these values will come at x = 0, so cannot be excluded.

R – (2n + 1) – 2  sin x + cos x  2. sinx + cosx  ± sin 1
2
ADVFNT - 11
A-8. Find whether the following functions are one-one or many-one & into or onto if f : D  R where D is its
domain. [For Revision Planner]
f:DR D
(i) f(x) = |x2 + 5x + 6 | (ii) f(x) = |nx|
   1
(iii) f(x) = sin 4x :   ,   ( 1, 1) (iv) f(x) = x + , x  (0, )
 8 8 x
1 
 1
3x 2
(v) f(x) = x  (vi) f(x) = – cos x
1 e 4
1 x 6 1
(vii) f(x) = 3 (viii) f(x) = x cos x (ix) f(x) =
x sin | x |
Ans. (i) many-one & into (ii) many-one & into (iii) one-one & onto (iv) many-one & into
(v) one – one & into (vi) many-one & into (vii) many-one & into (viii) many-one & onto
(ix) many-one & into
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
(ix)
Sol. (i) y = |(x + 2) (x + 3)|
many - one function
(ii) y = |nx|
many - one function
  
(iii) f(x) =sin 4x, x   – , 
 8 8

period =
2
one-one function
1 1
(iv) f(x) = x + , x  (0, )
x x
many one function
1 
 –1 1
e x  .
1 
 –1 x2  0
(v) f(x) =  f = increasing function
1– e x  1 
 –1
2 1– e x 
Hence one - one

ADVFNT - 12
3x 2
(vi) f(x) = – cos( x ) even function
4
Hence many - one
1 3
(vii) f(x) = x3 + 3  f (x) = 3x2 – =0  x = ±1
x x4
Also f(x) 0  Range  R  f(x) is into function.
(viii) f(x) = x cos x odd function (f(0) = 0)  f (x) = cos x – x sin x
f(x) is an odd continuous function for which im x cos x =  . Hence range R onto function
x 
1
(ix) f(x) = . Clearly many one.
sin | x |
Clearly f(x) (–, –1] [1, )  Range  R into function

1 3
(vi) f(x) = x3 +  f (x) = 3x2 – =0  x = ±1
x3 x4
f(x) 0   R  f(x)
(vii) f(x) = x cos x (f(0) = 0)  f (x) = cos x – x sin x
f(x) im x cos x =  R

x 
1
(viii) f(x) = 0 < sin | x |  1  f(x) (–, –1] [1, )
sin | x |
 R
A-9. Classify the following functions f(x) defined in R  R as injective, surjective, both or none.
f(x), R  R
x2
(i) f (x) = x |x| (ii) f (x) = (iii) f(x) = x3  6 x 2 + 11x  6
1 x2
Ans. (i) bijective (injective as well as surjective) (ii) neither surjective nor injective
(iii) surjective but not injective
(i) (ii)
(iii)
Sol. (i) f(x) = x|x|
 x 2 , x  0
=  2
 – x , x  0
one - one and onto
x2
(ii) f(x) = even function  many one
1  x2
1 > f(x) 0 into function
(iii) f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6

f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)
many one onto function
ADVFNT - 13
A-10. Check whether the following functions is/are many-one or one-one & into or onto
(i) f(x) = tan (2 sin x) (ii) f(x) = tan (sin x)
Ans. (i) many-one & onto (ii) many-one & into
Sol. f(x) = tan (2 sin x)

2 sin x [–2, 2]
in this interval tan (2 sin x) R
 onto function
Hindi f(x) = tan (2 sin x)

2 sin x [–2, 2]
tan (2 sin x) R

A-11. Let f : A  A where A = {x : –1  x  1}. Find whether the following functions are bijective.
f : A  A, A = {x : –1  x  1}.
x
(i) x – sin x (ii) x |x| (iii) tan (iv) x4
4
Ans. (i) No (ii) Yes (iii) Yes (iv)No
Sol. f : [–1, 1]  [–1, 1]
(i) f(x) = x – sin x (odd function)
f(x) = 1 – cos x 0 increasing function
Hence one - one
f(–1) = – 1 + sin 1
f(1) = 1 – sin 1
Range  [–1 + sin 1, 1 – sin 1]
co domain function is not bijecive
 x 2 , x  0
(ii) f(x) = x|x| =  2
– x , x  0
one - one function

Range  [–1, 1] = codomain
 onto function
 x 
(iii) f(x) = tan  
 4 
by graph one-one onto
Bijective function
(iv) f(x) = x4 even function
many - one  Not bijective
Hindi. f : [–1, 1]  [–1, 1]
(i) f(x) = x – sin x ( )
f(x) = 1 – cos x 0
ADVFNT - 14
f(–1) = – 1 + sin 1
f(1) = 1 – sin 1
 [–1 + sin 1, 1 – sin 1]

 x 2 , x  0
(ii) f(x) = x|x| =  2
– x , x  0
 [–1, 1] =

 x 
(iii) f(x) = tan  
 4 
(iv) f(x) = x4 ; 
A-12. Let A be a set of n distinct elements. Then find the total number of distinct functions from A to A ? How many
of them are onto functions ? [For Revision Planner]
A, n A A
Ans. nn , n!
Sol.
Total number of functions = nn ; Total number of one-one onto functions = n !

= nn ; =n!
Section (B) : Identical functions, Composite functions

(B) :
B-1. Check whether following pairs of functions are identical or not ?
 x 1
2
(i) f(x) = x 2 and g(x) = (ii)_ f(x) = tanx and g(x) =
cot x
1 cos2x
(iii) f(x) = and g(x) = cos x (iv) f(x) = x and g(x) = enx
2
 x 1
2
(i) f(x) = x 2 g(x) = (ii)_ f(x) = tanx g(x) =
cot x
1 cos2x
(iii) f(x) = g(x) = cos x (iv) f(x) = x g(x) = enx
2
Ans. (i) No (ii) No (iii) No (iv) No
ADVFNT - 15
Sol. (i) f(x) = 2
x 2 and g(x) = ( x )
Domain x  R, Domain x  [0, )
non-identical functions
(ii) Domain of f(x) and g(x) are different.
1 cos x
(iii) f(x) = and g(x) = cos x
2
f(x) = |cos x| non-identical function
(iv) f(x) = x and g(x) = enx, Domain x  R+
Domain x  R non-identical function
Hindi (i) f(x) = x2 g(x) = ( x )2
x  R, x  [0, )
(ii) f(x) g(x)
1 cos x
(iii) f(x) = g(x) = cos x
2
f(x) = |cos x|
(iv) f(x) = x g(x) = enx,
xR x  R+
B-2. Find for what values of x, the following functions would be identical.
f(x) = log (x  1)  log (x  2) and g (x) = log  x  1  .

x 2
x
 x 1
f (x) = log (x  1)  log (x  2) g (x) = log   .
 x 2
Ans. (2, )
 x 1
Sol. f(x) = log (x – 1) – log (x – 2) = log  
x 2
 x 1 x 1
x > 1 and x > 2  x  (2, )  g(x) = log    > 0  x  (–, 1)  (2, )
x 2 x 2
common domain x  (2, ) x  (2, )
B-3. Let f(x) = x2 + x + 1 and g(x) = sin x. Show that fog  gof
f(x) = x2 + x + 1 g(x) = sin x fog  gof.
Sol. f(x) = x + x + 1  g(x) = sin x  fog(x) = sin x + sin x + 1 gof(x) = sin (x2 + x + 1)
2 2
 fog(x)  gof (x)
B-4. Let f(x) = x2, g(x) = sin x, h(x) = x , then verify that [fo (goh)] (x) and [(fog) oh] (x) are equal.
f(x) = x2, g(x) = sin x, h(x) = x [fo (goh)] (x) [(fog) oh] (x)
Ans. [fo(goh)] (x) = [(fog) oh] (x) = sin2 x

2
Sol. f(x) = x 2 ; g(x) = sin x ; h(x) = x  fo (goh) (x) = f (sin x ) = (sin x ) = sin2 x
(fog) oh(x) = sin2(h(x)) = sin2 x .
ADVFNT - 16
B-5. Find fog and gof, if
fog gof(x)
(i) f(x) = ex ; g(x) = n x (ii) f(x) = |x| ; g(x) = sin x
1
(iii) f(x) = sin x ; g(x) = x2 (iv) f(x) = x2 + 2 ; g(x) = 1 – ,x1
1 x
Ans. (i) fog = x, x > 0 ; gof = x, x  R (ii) |sin x|, sin |x|
3x 2  4x  2 x 2  2
(iii) sin (x2), (sin x)2 (iv) , 2
( x  1)2 x 1
Sol. (i) f(x) = ex and g(x) = n x  fog(x) = en x = x, x > 0  gof(x) = n ex = x, x  R
(ii) f(x) = |x| and g(x) = sin x  fog(x) = f(sin x) = |sin x|  gof (x) = g(|x|) = sin |x|
(iii) f(x) = sin x and g(x) = x2  fog(x) = sin(g(x)) = sin x 
2
gof(x) = (f2(x)) = (sin x)2
x x2 3x 2  4x  2
(iv) f(x) = x2 + 2, g(x) =  fog(x) = g2(x) + 2 = +2=
x 1 ( x  1)2 ( x  1)2
f (x) x2  2
gof(x) = = 2
f (x)  1 x 1
B-6. If f(x) = n(x2 – x + 2) ; R  R and

g(x) = {x} + 1 ; [1, 2]  [1, 2] , where {x} denotes fractional part of x.
Find the domain and range of f(g(x)) when defined. [For Revision Planner]
f(x) = n(x2 – x + 2) ; R  R
g(x) = {x} + 1 ; [1, 2]  [1, 2] , {x}, x f(g(x))
Ans. Domain : [1 , 2 ] ; Range : [n2 , n4)

: [1 , 2 ] ; : [n2 , n4)
Sol. f(x) = n (x2
– x + 2) ; R
R+  g(x) = {x} + 1; [1, 2]  [1, 2]
f(g(x)) = n ({x}2 + {x} + 2)
Domain [1, 2] for x  (1, 2) {x} = x – 1  fog (x) = n (x 2 – x + 2)
Range [n 2, n 4)
Hindi f(x) = n (x2 – x + 2) ; R+  R  g(x) = {x} + 1; [1, 2]  [1, 2]
f(g(x)) = n ({x}2 + {x} + 2)
[1, 2]
x  (1, 2) {x} = x – 1  fog (x) = n (x 2 – x + 2)  [n 2, n 4)
1  x 2 ; x 1
B-7. If f(x) =  and g(x) = 1 – x ; – 2 < x < 1, then define the function fog(x).
 x  1 ; 1  x  2
1  x 2 ; x 1
f(x) =  g(x) = 1 – x ; – 2 < x < 1 fog(x)
 x  1 ; 1  x  2
2  2x  x 2 , 0  x  1
Ans. f(g(x)) = 
 2  x, 1 x  0
ADVFNT - 17
1  x 2 , x 1
Sol. f(x) = 
 1  x , 1  x  2
g(x) = 1 – x, – 2  x  1
 1  g2 , g( x )  1  x  [0,1]
fog(x) = 
1  g( x ) , 1  g( x )  2  x  [–1,0)
1  (1 – x )2 , x  [0,1]
 fog (x) = 
 1  (1 – x ) , x  [–1, 0)
2 – 2x  x 2 , x  [0,1]
fog (x) = 
 2 – x , x  [–1, 0)
x2 x2
B-8_. If f(x) = and g(x) = , then find the domain of [For Revision Planner]
x 1 x
x2 x2
f(x) = g(x) =
x 1 x
(i) fog(x) (ii) gof(x) (iii) fof(x) (iv) fogof(x)
Ans. (i) x  R – {0, 1} (ii) x  R – {–2, –1}
 3 
(iii) x  R –  ,  1 (iv) x  R – {–2, –1}
 2 
g( x )  2 x2
Sol. (i) f(g(x)) = g( x )  1 ; x 0 & 1  x1
x
f(x)  2
(ii) g(f(x)) = ; x  –1 & f(x)  0  x  –2
f ( x)
f(x)  2 x2 3
(iii) f(f(x)) = ; x  –1 &  –1  x
f ( x)  1 x 1 2
f (x)  2
g( f ( x ))  2 2
f ( x)
(iv) f(g(f(x)) = g( f ( x ))  1 
f (x)  2
1
f (x)
 f(x)  0  x  –2 also x  –1
 2 x x  Q  {0}
B-9_. If f(x) =  , then define fof(x) and hence define fofof.....f(x) where f is ‘n’ times.
 3 x x  Qc
 2 x x  Q  {0}
f(x) =  fof(x) fofof.....f(x) f ‘n’
 3 x x  Qc
[For Revision Planner]
3 2 x x  Q  {0} 3n1 2x x  Q  {0}

Ans. fof (x) =  2 , fofof.....f(x) = 
 3 x x  Qc  3x
n
x  Qc
ADVFNT - 18
 2 f(x) f(x)  Q  {0} 3 2 x x  Q  {0 }

Sol. fof(x) = f(f(x)) =  c = 
 3 f(x) f(x)  Q 2
 3 x x  Qc
3 2x f ( x ) f ( x )  Q  {0} 3 2 2 x x  Q  {0}

Similarly fofof(x) = f(f(f(x))) =  =
2
 3 f ( x) f ( x )  Qc 33 x x  Qc
3n1 2x x  Q  {0}
fofo ..........f ( x )  n
So   3x x  Qc
.
n times
B-10. If f (x) =1 + x  2, 0  x  4 [For Revision Planner]

g (x) = 2  x ,  1  x  3
Then find fog (x), gof (x), fof(x) and gog(x). Draw rough sketch of the graphs of fog (x) and gof (x).
f (x) =1 + x  2, 0  x  4
g (x) = 2  x ,  1  x  3
fog (x), gof (x), fof(x) gog(x) fog (x) gof (x)
 (1  x ) ,  1  x  0
Ans. fog (x) =  ;
 x 1 , 0  x  2
x 1 , 0  x 1

3  x , 1 x  2
gof(x) =  ;
x 1 , 2x3
5  x , 3x4
 x , 0  x 1
fof (x) =  ;
4  x , 3  x  4
  x , 1 x  0

gog(x) =  x , 0x2
4  x , 2  x  3

Sol. f(x) = – 1 + |x – 2|
ADVFNT - 19
g(x) = 2 – |x|
fog (x) = – 1 + |x| –1x2

gof (x) = 2 – |–1 + |x – 2|| 0x4
fof (x) = –1 + |–1 + |x – 2| – 2|
= –1 + | |x – 2| – 3| 0  x  1, and 3  x  4
gog (x) = 2 – |2 – |x|| x  [–1, 3]
Hindi. f(x) = – 1 + |x – 2|
g(x) = 2 – |x|
fog (x) = – 1 + |x| –1x2

gof (x) = 2 – |–1 + |x – 2|| 0x4
fof (x) = –1 + |–1 + |x – 2| – 2|
= –1 + | |x – 2| – 3| 0  x  1, 3x4
gog (x) = 2 – |2 – |x|| x  [–1, 3]
ADVFNT - 20
Section (C) : Even/Odd Functions & Periodic Functions

(C) :
C-1. Determine whether the following functions are even or odd or neither even nor odd :
 ax  1
(i) sin (x2 + 1) (ii) x + x2 (iii) f(x) = x  x 

 a  1 
(iv) f(x) = log (x + x2  1 ) (v) f(x) = sin x + cos x (vi) f(x) = (x2 – 1) | x |
 | ne x | ; x  1

(vii) f(x) = [2  x ]  [2  x] ;  1  x  1 , where [.] is GIF..
 e nx ; x 1

Ans. (i) even, (ii) neither even nor odd (iii) even, (iv) odd,
(v) neither even nor odd (vi) even (vii) even
Ans. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (vi)
(vi) (vii)
Sol. (i) f(x) = sin (x +1) 
2
f(– x) = f (x) = even function
(ii) f(x) = x + x2  f(– x) = x2 – x  f (x) or – f(x) Neither even nor odd function
 ax – 1  ax – 1   ax – 1
     
(iii) f(x) = x  x  f(–x) = – x  – x   f(–x) = x  a x  1  = f(x) even function
 a  1  a  1  
(iv) f(x) = log (x + x2  1 )  f(–x) = log (–x + x2  1 )
 2 2 
f(x) + f(– x) = log ( x  x  1)(– x  x  1) = log [(x2 + 1) – x2] = 0 hence odd function
 
(v) f(x) = sin x + cos x  f(– x) = – sin x + cos x  f(x) or – f(x)
Neither even nor odd.
(vi) f(x) = (x2 – 1) |x|  f(–x) = f(x) even function.
| x | x  

 | ne |x
; x  1     x
   x0
[2  x ]  [2  x] ;  1  x  1
(vii) f(x) =   f(x) = 
 e nx ; x 1 3 0  x 1
 
 x x 
 x x  

     x  
f(x) =   x0 f(x) = f(–x)
3 0  x 1
 even function
 x x 
Hindi. (i) f(x) = sin (x2 +1)  f(– x) = f (x) =

(ii) f(x) = x + x 2
 f(– x) = x2 – x  f (x) – f(x)
 ax – 1  ax – 1   ax – 1
     
(iii) f(x) = x  x
a  1  f(–x) = – x  – x
a  1   f(–x) = x  a x  1  = f(x)
     
(iv) f(x) = log (x + x2  1 )  f(–x) = log (–x + x2  1 )
ADVFNT - 21
 2 2 
f(x) + f(– x) = log ( x  x  1)(– x  x  1) = log [(x2 + 1) – x2] = 0
 
(v) f(x) = sin x + cos x  f(– x) = – sin x + cos x  f(x) or – f(x)
(vi) f(x) = (x2 – 1) |x|  f(–x) = f(x)
| x | x  

 | ne | x
; x  1     x
   x0
[2  x ]  [2  x] ;  1  x  1
(vii) f(x) =   f(x) = 
 e nx ; x 1 3 0  x 1
 
 x x 
 x x  

     x  
f(x) =   x0 f(x) = f(–x)
3 0  x 1

 x x 
C-2. Examine whether the following functions are even or odd or neither even nor odd, where [ ] denotes
greatest integer function. [For Revision Planner]
( [ .]
(1 2 x )7 sec x  x 2 9
(i) f (x) = (ii) f (x) =
2x x sinx
 x | x |, x  1

[1  x ]  [1  x ],  1  x  1
(iii) f (x) = 1 x  x2 – 1 x  x2 (iv) f (x) = 
  x | x |, x 1

Ans. (i) neither even nor odd (ii) even (iii) odd (iv) even
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2 x  1)7
Sol. (i) f(–x) = neither even nor odd
(2 x )6
sec x  x 2  9
(ii) f(–x) = = f(x) even
x sin x
(iii) f(–x) = – f(x) odd
  x2 x  1

(iv) f(x) = 2  [ x]  [  x]  1  x  1 , even by graph of function
  x2 x 1

(2 x  1)7
Hindi (i) f(–x) =
(2 x )6
sec x  x 2  9
(ii) f(–x) = = f(x)
x sin x
ADVFNT - 22
(iii) f(–x) = – f(x)
  x2 x  1

(iv) f(x) = 2  [ x]  [  x]  1  x  1 ,
  x2 x 1

f(x)
C-3. Prove that the following functions are not periodic :
(i) f(x) = sin x (ii) f(x) = x + sin x
Sol. (i) Let f(x) = sin x is a periodic function with period T (a positive constant)
 f (x + T) = f(x)  sin x  T = sin x  x  T = n + (–1)
n
x ,nI
since for no value of n, T is indepedent of x which contradicts that sin x is a periodic function. Hence it
is a non periodic function.
(ii) Let f(x) = x + sin x is a periodic function with period T.
 2x  T   T 
x + T + sin (x + T) = x + sin x T + sin (x + T) = sin x T + 2 cos   sin   = 0
 2  2
There is no positive constant value of T for which this equation holds true so f(x) is non- periodic function.
Hindi. (i) f(x) = sin x T( )
 f (x + T) = f(x)  sin x  T = sin x  x  T = n + (–1)

n
x ,nI
n T, x sin x
(ii) f(x) = x + sin x T

x + T + sin (x + T) = x + sin x  T + sin (x + T) = sin x
 2x  T   T 
 T + 2 cos   sin   = 0
 2  2
T f(x)
C-4. Find the fundamental period of the following functions : (where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function)
[.]
(i) f (x) = 2 + 3cos (x – 2) (ii) f(x) = sin 3x + cos 2x + | tanx |
x x 3 2
(iii) f (x) = sin + sin (iv) f(x)= cos x  sin x.
4 3 5 7
1
(v) f(x) = [sin 3x] + |cos 6x| (vi) f(x) =
1  cos x
sin12x
(vii) f(x) = (viii) f(x) = sec3x + cosec3x
1  cos 2 6 x
2
Ans. (i) 2 (ii) 2 (iii) 24 (iv) 70  (v)
3
(vi) 2 (vii)/6 (viii) 2
ADVFNT - 23
Sol. (i) f(x) = 2 + 3 cos (x – 2) fundamental period = 2
2
(ii) f(x) = sin 3x + cos2 x + |tan x|  period  , , 
3
 2 
period of f(x) = L.C.M.  , ,   = 2 for fundamental period
 3 
f(x + ) = – sin x + cos2 x + |tan x|  f(x)
 fundament period = 2
x x
(iii) f(x) = sin + sin  period  8, 6  period of f(x) = L.C.M. (8, 6) = 24
4 3
fundamental period = 24
3x sin 2x 10  10 

(iv) f(x) = cos –  period  , 7 period of f(x) = L.C.M.  , 7  = 70 
5 7 3  3 
Fundament period = 70
2 
(v) f(x) = [sin 3x] – |cos 6x|  period  
3 6
 2   2 2
period of f(x) = L.C.M.  ,  =  Fundamental period =
 3 6 3 3
1
(vi) f(x)= fundamental period = 2
1  cos x
sin12x   
(vii) f(x) =  period of f(x) = L.C.M.  ,  = for fundamental period
2
1  cos 6 x  6 3  3
 
sin12 x  
   6  
fx   = = f(x)  Fundament period =
 6  2   6
1  cos 6 x  
 6
(viii) f(x) = sec3 x + cosec3 x  period  2 2Fundamental period = L.C.M. (2, 2)
= 2
Hindi. (i) f(x) = 2 + 3 cos (x – 2)  =2
2
(ii) f(x) = sin 3x + cos2 x + |tan x|   , , 
3
 2 
f(x) = L.C.M.  , ,   = 2 
 3 
f(x + ) = – sin x + cos2 x + |tan x|  f(x)  =2
x x
(iii) f(x) = sin + sin   8, 6
4 3
f(x) = L.C.M. (8, 6) = 24  = 24
3x sin 2x 10
(iv) f(x) = cos –   ,7
5 7 3
ADVFNT - 24
 10 
f(x) = L.C.M.  , 7  = 70   = 70
 3 
2 
(v) f(x) = [sin 3x] – |cos 6x|   ,
3 6
 2   2 2
f(x) = L.C.M.  ,  =  =
 3 6 3 3
1
(vi) f(x)= = 2
1  cos x
sin12x   
(vii) f(x) =  f(x) = L.C.M.  ,  =
1  cos 6 x2
6 3 3
 
sin12 x  
   6  
fx   = = f(x)  =
 6 2   6
1  cos 6 x  
 6
(viii) f(x) = sec3 x + cosec3 x

 2 2
= L.C.M. (2, 2) = 2
Section (D) : Inverse of a function

(D) :
D-1. Let f : D  R, where D is the domain of f. Find the inverse of f, if it exists

f : D  R, D, f f
(i) f (x) = 1  2 x (ii) 

f (x) = 4( x7)3 1/ 5
(iii) f(x) = n (x + 1 x 2 )
(iv)^ Let f [0, 3]  [1, 13] is defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1, then find f– 1 (x).
f [0, 3]  [1, 13] f(x) = x2 + x + 1 f– 1 (x)
Ans. (i) f–1 Does not exists (ii) f–1 : R  R ; f 1 = 7 + (4  x5)1/3
e x  e x  1 4x  3
(iii) f–1 : R  R ; f –1 = (iv) f –1(x) =
2 2
(i) f–1 (ii) f–1 : R  R ; f 1 = 7 + (4  x5)1/3
e x  e x  1 4x  3
(iii) f–1 : R  R ; f –1 = (iv) f –1(x) =
2 2
Sol. (i) f:DR
f(x) = 1 – 2–x  f (x) = 2– x n2 > 0 increasing function  one one function
D : [x  R), Range : (–, 1)  codomain
 function is not bijective  f –1 does not exist
(ii) f(x) = (4 – (x – 7)3)1/5
ADVFNT - 25
1
f (x) = (4 – (x – 7) 3) – 4/5 . (– 3 (x – 7) 2)  0 decreasing function  one one function
5
Lim f ( x )  –   Lim f ( x )  
x  x – 
D:R Range : R = codomain  onto function

 function is bijective (invertible)
y = (4 – (x – 7) 3)1/5  4 – y5 = (x – 7)3
x = 7 + (4 – y5)1/3 or f –1(x) = 7 + (4 – x5)1/3
(iii) f(x) = n  x  1  x 2  D : x  R, Range : R

 
e y  e y e x  e x
y = n  x  1  x 2  or x=  f –1 (x) =
  2 2
(iv) f : [0, 3]  [0, 13]
– 1  1 – 4(1 – y ) – 1  4y – 3
y = f(x) = x2 + x + 1 x = x =
2 2
– 1  4x – 3
 f–1(x) = as f–1 [1, 13] [0, 3]
2
Hindi. (i) f : D  R ; f(x) = 1 – 2–x  f (x) = 2– x n2 > 0 ( )

D : [x  R), : (–, 1) 
  f–1
(ii) f(x) = (4 – (x – 7)3)1/5
1
f (x) = (4 – (x – 7)3) – 4/5 . (– 3 (x – 7)2)  0 ( ) 
5
Lim f ( x )  –   Lim f ( x )  
x  x – 
D:R :R= 
 ( )
y = (4 – (x – 7) 3)1/5  4 – y5 = (x – 7)3
x = 7 + (4 – y5)1/3 f –1(x) = 7 + (4 – x5)1/3
(iii) f(x) = n  x  1  x 2  : x  R, :R  y = n  x  1  x 2 
   
e y  e y e x  e x
x=  f –1 (x) =
2 2
e 2 x  e 2 x
D-2. Let f : R  R be defined by f(x) = . Is f(x) invertible ? If yes, then find its inverse.
2
ADVFNT - 26
e 2 x  e 2 x
f:RR f(x) = . f(x)
2
1
Ans. f–1 : R  R, f–1(x) = n (x + x 2  1 )
2
e 2 x  e 2 x
Sol. f(x) =
2
Domain : R, Range : R
2y = e2x – e–2x
1   1
n  x  1  x 
2
n  y  y  1 
2
or x= or f–1(x) =
2   2  
e 2 x  e 2 x
Hindi f(x) =
2
: R, :R
2y = e2x – e–2x
1   1
n  x  1  x 
2
n  y  y  1 
2
x= f–1(x) =
2   2  
D-3. (a) If f(x) = –x|x|, then find f –1(x) and hence find the number of solutions of f(x) = f –1(x).
f(x) = –x|x| f–1(x) f(x) = f–1(x)
5  9  8x 5
(b) Solve 2x2 – 5x + 2 = , where x < [For Revision Planner]
4 4
5  9  8x 5
2x2 – 5x + 2 = x<
4 4
  x x0 3 5
Ans. (a) f –1(x) =  ,3 (b) x=
 x x0 2
 x 2 x0
Sol. (a) f(x) =  2
 x x0
  x x0
clearly f –1(x) = 
  x x0
number of solutions of f(x) = f –1(x) is 3. they are –1, 0, 1
5 – 9  8x 5
(b) 2x2 – 5x + 2 = where x <
4 4
5 – 9  8x
y =2x2 – 5x + 2 and y = are inverse function of each other and are not identical
4
hence intersects each other at y = x line only. For intersection point 2x 2 – 5x + 2 = x
3 5 5 3– 5
 x2 – 3x + 1 = 0  x= but x<  x=
2 4 2
ADVFNT - 27
 x 2 x0
Hindi. (a) f(x) =  2
 x x0
  x x0
f –1(x) = 
  x x0
f(x) = f–1(x) 3 –1, 0, 1

(b)
5 – 9  8x 5
2x2 – 5x + 2 = x<
4 4
5 – 9  8x
y =2x2 – 5x + 2 y=
4
y= x
3 5 5
2x2 – 5x + 2 = x  x2 – 3x + 1 = 0  x= x<
2 4
3– 5
 x=
2
D-4_. If g is inverse of f(x) = x 3 + x + cosx, then find the value of g(1).

g, f(x) = x3 + x + cosx g(1)
Ans. 1
1
Sol. f(g(x)) = x ; f'(g(x)).g'(x) = 1  g'(x) = f ' (g( x ))
x = g(x)3 + g(x) + cos g(x)
x=1  1 = g(1) 3 + g(1) + cos g(1)  g(1) = 0
1
so g'(1) = 1
f ' (0 )
f'(x) = 3x 2 + 1 – sinx  f'(0) = 1
 (  1)x x  Qc x x  Qc
D-5_. If f(x) =  and g(x) =  are inverse to each other then find all
2
  x    3 x  1 x  Q 1  x x Q
possible values of . [For Revision Planner]
 (  1)x x  Qc x x  Qc
f(x) =  2 g(x) =  
  x    3 x  1 x  Q 1  x x Q
Ans. =2
 g( x ) g( x )  Q c  x x  Qc
Sol. Clearly g(g(x)) =  =  =x
1  g( x ) g( x )  Q 1  (1  x ) x  Q
hence f(x) = g(x) so –1=1  =2 & when =2

– x +  + 3x – 1 = –4x + 2 + 3x – 1. hence
2
=2
ADVFNT - 28
Section (E) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals & Inverse Trigonometry
(E) :
E-1. Find the domain of each of the following functions :
sin1 x  3x  1 1
1 2 x + 3 sin  2 
1
(i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) = –1
(iii) f(x) = 2 sin x
+
x x2
 1 1
Ans. (i) [–1, 1] – {0} (ii)  3 , 2  (iii) 
 
sin1 x
Sol. (i) f(x) = .
x
For sin–1x, x  [–1, 1] and division by zero is undefined x  0
 Domain x  [–1, 0)  (0, 1]
 3x  1
(ii) f(x) = 1 2 x + 3 sin  2 
–1
3x  1 1 1
1 – 2x  0 and – 1  1  x and – x1
2 2 3
Taking intersection
 1 1
 Domain x   ,  x
 3 2 –1/3 1/2 1
1 1
–
x2
– 1  x  1 and x > 2  x
1
sin x
Hindi (i) f(x) =  sin–1x x  [–1, 1]
x
x0
 x  [–1, 0)  (0, 1]
 3x  1
(ii) f(x) = 1 2 x + 3 sin  2 
–1
x
–1/3 1/2 1
3x  1 1 1  1 1
1 – 2x  0 –1 1  x –  x  1 x   , 
2 2 3  3 2
1 1
–
x2
–1x1 x>2  x
E-2. Find the range of each of the following functions : [For Revision Planner]
 3x 2  1 
 
(i) f(x) = n (sin–1x) (ii) f(x) = sin–1  5 x 2  1 
 
 ( x  1)( x  5) 
(iii) f(x) = cos–1  
 x( x  2)( x  3) 
Ans. (i) (– , n /2](ii) (0, /2] (iii) [0, ]
ADVFNT - 29
Sol. (i) f(x) = n (sin–1x)
Domain sin–1 x > 0  x  (0, 1]
 
Range 0 < sin–1 x   –  < n (sin–1x)  n  
2 2
Inequality doesn't change as n is increasing function
 3x 2  1 
  3x 2  1
(ii) f(x) = sin –1
 5x 2  1   it is obvious is + ve  x  R
  5x 2  1
3x 2  1
for fx tobe defined  1  3x 2  1  5x2 + 1  5x2 + 1 > 0  n  R
5x 2  1
Squarly both side 3x2 + 1  25x4 + 10x2 + 1  25x4 + 7x2  0
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
hold for all  x  R. So 1xR at x  0
5x 2  1 5x 2  1
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
So 0 < 1  0 < sin–1  /2
5x 2  1 5x 2  1
– + – + – +
–
 ( x  1)( x  5) 
(iii) f(x) = cos–1  
 x( x  2)( x  3)  –5 0 1 2 3
( x  1)( x  5)
form graph , it is clearly visible
x( x  2)( x  3)
( x  1)( x  5)
that function attain all values b/w [–1, 1]
x( x  2)( x  3)
 ( x  1)( x  5) 
So Range of cos-1    [0, ]
 x( x  2)( x  3) 
HIndi (i) f(x) = n (sin–1x)
sin–1 x > 0  x  (0, 1]
 
0 < sin–1 x   –  < n (sin–1x)  n  
2 2
nx
 3x 2  1 
 
(ii) f(x) = sin –1
 5x 2  1 
 
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
  x  R, f(x) 1
5x 2  1 5x 2  1
3x 2  1  5x + 1  5x + 1 > 0  n  R
2 2
3x2 + 1  25x4 + 10x2 + 1  25x4 + 7x2  0
ADVFNT - 30
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
xR 2  1  x  R , x  0
5x  1 5x 2  1
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
0< 1 0 < sin–1  /2
5x 2  1 5x 2  1
– + – + – +
 ( x  1)( x  5)  –
(iii) f(x) = cos–1  
 x( x  2)( x  3)  –5 0 1 2 3
( x  1)( x  5) ( x  1)( x  5)
[–1, 1]
x( x  2)( x  3) x( x  2)( x  3)
 ( x  1)( x  5) 
cos-1    [0, ]
 x( x  2)( x  3) 
E-3. Find the simplified value of the following expressions :
 1  1    1  1 
(i) sin   sin    (ii) tan cos 1  tan 1   

3  2   2  3 
  1  3 
(iii) sin–1 cos sin   
   2 
  
1 
Ans. (i) 1 (ii) (iii)
3 6
 1  1  
 1  1     3 
Sol. (i) sin   sin    = sin  3  sin  2  = sin   = sin   =1
3  2     3 6  6 
  1   1  1
(ii)
1
tan cos 1  tan 1    = tan   tan 1  = tan   –   = tan  =
 3  3
 2  3   3 3 6  6
   3      
sin–1 cos sin   = sin–1
1
(iii) cos 3  = sin–1 sin  2 – 3  =
   2      6
  
n
 i· 
n
E-4. (i) If  cos
i 1
1
i = 0, then find the value of
i 1
i
 i· 
n
 cos
i 1
1
i = 0
i 1
i
2n 2n
(ii) If  sin 1
x i  n , then show that i 1
x i  2n
i1
2n

2n
 sin
i1
1
x i  n ,
i 1
x i  2n
ADVFNT - 31
 n  1
Ans. (i) n 
 2 
n
Sol. (i)  cos
i 1
1
i  0  cos–1i = 0   i = 1
n
 n  1
 i·  = 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . . . . .
i 1
i + n = n
 2 

2n
 
(ii)  sin
i 1
–1
x i  n we know that ( )–
2
 sin–1 xi 
2

equility holds good only when ( )sin–1 xi =  i = 1, 2, 3......2n
2
2n
 xi = 1  i = 1, 2, 3,...., 2n  x
i 1
i  2n .
E-5. Solve the following inequalities: [For Revision Planner]
(i) cos 1 x > cos 1 x 2 (ii) tan–1 x > cot–1 x.

(iii) arccot x  5 arccot x + 6 > 0
2
Ans. (i) [ 1, 0) (ii) x > 1 (iii) (  cot 3) U (cot 2, )
Sol. (i) cos 1 x > cos 1 x 2

Defined for x  [ 1, 1]
x  [ 1, 1]
As function decreases
x < x2  x2 – x > 0
x(x – 1) > 0  x  , 0   1,  
x  [ 1, 0)
  
(ii) tan–1 x >  tan 1 x  tan–1 x >  x > tan  x>1
2 4 4
(iii) Let arccotx = p  p2 – 5p + 6 > 0  (p – 2)(P – 3) > 0
 cot–1x is a decreasing function
(  cot 3) U (cot 2, )
ADVFNT - 32
Section (F) : Trig. (trig–1x), trig–1 (trig x) trig (–x) and Properties
(F) : Trig. (trig–1x), trig–1 (trig x) trig (–x)
F-1. Evaluate the following inverse trigonometric expressions :
 7   2 
(i) sin–1  sin  (ii) tan–1  tan 
 6   3 
 5   7 
(iii) cos–1  cos  (iv) sec–1  sec 
 4   4 
  3 
Ans. (i) – (ii) – (iii) (iv)
6 3 4 4
 7 
Sol. (i) sin–1 sin   = sin–1 sin ( + /6) = sin–1 sin (–/6)
 6 
2   
(ii) tan–1 tan = tan–1 tan   –  = –
3  3 3
      3
(iii) cos–1 cos     = cos–1   cos  =  – cos–1 cos = – = = –/6
 4  4 4 4 4
(iv) sec–1 sec (2 – /4) = sec–1sec /4 = /4
F-2. Find the value of the following inverse trigonometric expressions :
(i) sin–1 (sin 4) (ii) cos–1 (cos 10)

(iii) tan–1 (tan (– 6)) (iv) cot–1 (cot (– 10))
 1  9 9  
(v) cos–1   cos  sin  
 2  10 10  
Ans. (i) –4 (ii) 4 – 10 (iii) 2 – 6

17
(iv) 4 – 10 (v)
20
3
Sol. (i) sin–1 (sin 4) = ( – 4) [ < 4 < ]
2
(ii) cos–1 (cos 10) = 4– 10
(iii) tan–1 (tan (– 6)) = tan–1 (–(tan(6))) = – tan tan–1 6 = – (6 – 2) = 2– 6
(iv) cot–1 (cot (– 10)) = – cot–1 cot 10 = – (10 –3) = 4– 10
 1  9 9     9  23
(v) cos–1   cos  sin   = cos–1 cos    = cos–1 cos
 2  10 10    4 10  20
 3  3 17
= cos–1  – cos  =  – =
 20  20 20
ADVFNT - 33
F-3. Find the value of following expressions : [For Revision Planner]
(i) cot (tan–1 a + cot–1 a) (ii) sin (sin–1x + cos–1x) , | x |  1
 3 3 
(iii) tan cos 1    sin 1    sec 1 3
 4 4 
1
Ans. (i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii)
2 2
 
Sol. (i) cot (tan–1 a + cot–1 a) = cot =0 (ii) sin (sin–1x + cos–1x) = sin =1
2 2
 –1 
1 1 1
(iii) tan  – sec 3  = cot sec–1 3 = cot cot–1 = =
2  8 8 2 2
Section (G) : Interconversion
(G) : 
G-1. Evaluate the following expressions :
 3  1
(i) sin  cos 1  (ii) tan  cos 1 
 5  3
 41   1 65 
(iii) cosec  sec 1 (iv) tan  cos ec 
 5   63 

 1 1   1 4 2
(v) sin   cos  (vi) cos  sin  cos 1 
 6 4  5 3
       1
(vii) sec  tan tan 1     (viii) cos tan– 1 sin cot– 1  
  3   2
 
4 41 63
Ans. (i) (ii) 2 2 (iii) (iv)
5 4 16
1 3 5 64 5 5
(v) (vi) (vii) 2 (viii)
8 15 3
3  4 4  1
Sol. (i) sin cos–1 = sin  sin1  = (ii) tan  cos 1  = tan(tan–1 2 2 ) = 2 2
5  5 5  3
 41  41 41
(iii) cosec  sec 1 = cossec cosec–1 =
 5  4 4
 
 1 65  63 63
(iv) tan  cos ec  = tan tan–1 =
 63  16 16
 1 1   1  1 1 1 3 15 1 3 5
(v) sin   cos  = sin cos cos–1 + cos sin cos–1 = × +  =
 6 4  6 4 6 4 2 4 2 4 8
 1 4 2 4 2 4 2
(vi) cos  sin  cos 1  = cos sin–1 cos cos–1 – sin sin–1 sin cos–1
 5 3 5 3 3 3
ADVFNT - 34
3 2 4 5 6–4 5
=  –  =
5 3 5 3 15
       
(vii) sec tan tan 1    = sec tan tan–1 = sec = 2
   3   3 3
2 5 = 5
(viii) cos tan–1 = cos cos–1 3
5 3
G-2. Find the value of sin–1 (cos(sin–1x)) + cos –1 (sin (cos–1x))

sin–1 (cos(sin–1x)) + cos –1 (sin (cos –1x))

Ans.
2
 2  –1 
Sol. sin–1 (cos(sin–1 x ))  cos–1 sin (cos–1 x ) sin–1  1 – x   cos 1 – x2 =
  2
G-3. Prove each of the following relations : [For Revision Planner]
1 x 1
(i) tan–1 x = –  + cot–1 = sin–1 = – cos–1 when x < 0.
x 1 x 2
1 x2
1 1 x2 x
(ii) cos–1x = sec–1 =  – sin–1 1 x 2 = + tan–1 = cot –1 when – 1<x< 0
x x 1 x 2
1
Sol. (i) Let tan–1 x =   tan  = x cot =  x>0
x
1
 = – + cot–1  x<0
x
x x
sin =  = sin–1
1 x2 1 x2
1
cos= x>0
1 x2
1
= cos–1 = tan–1 x x>0
1 x2
1 1
and for x < 0  cos–1 cos = cos–1 2  – = cos–1
1 x 1 x2
1 1 x
 tan–1x = –cos–1  tan–1 x = – + cot–1 = sin–1
1 x 2
x 1 x2
x
= – cos–1 where ( )x<0
1 x2
(ii) Let ( )

 = cos–1 x given ( ) –1 < x < 0  cos  = x ( , )
2
1 1
sec = = sec–1  sin  = 1 x 2   =  – sin
–1
1 x 2
x x
ADVFNT - 35
1 – x2 1 – x2
tan  =  = + tan–1
x x
x x
cot =  = cot–1
1– x 2 1 – x2
Section (H) : Additional Subtraction Rule and Equations

(H) :
H-1. Prove that
3  8  77 3 5 33
(i) sin–1   + sin–1   = sin–1 (ii) tan–1 + sin–1 = cos–1
5  17  85 4 13 65
 1   1  1  1  1
(iii) sin–1   + cot–1 3 =  (iv) tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   =


 5 4 3 5 7 8 4
3  8   3 15 8 4  77
Sol. (i) sin–1   + sin–1   = sin–1      = sin–1
5  17   5 17 17 5  85
3 5
3 5  56 33
(ii) tan –1
+ tan = tan–1 4 12 = tan–1 = cos–1
4 12 3 5 33 65
1 
4 12
 1   1  1  3 1 2  1 
(iii) sin–1   + cot–1 3 = sin–1



 + sin–1
 = sin–1   .  = sin–1 =
 5  5 10  5 10 10 5  2 4
 1 1   1 1 
     
 1  1  1  1  3 8   5 7 
(iv) tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  1 – 1 . 1  + tan
–1
 1 1
3 5 7 8    1–  
 3 8  5 7
 11 6 
 23  17 
 11  –1 12   11  –1 6    
= tan–1    tan   = tan–1    tan   = tan–1
 1– 11  6  = tan (1) = 4
–1
 23  34
   23   17 
 23 17 
H-2. Solve for x [For Revision Planner]
x
1 
(i) cos (2 sin–1x) = (ii) cot–1 x + tan–1 3 =
3 2
1
Ans. (i) ± (ii) x=3
3
Sol. (i) Let ( ) sin–1 x = 
1 1
cos(2) =  1 – 2 sin2  =
3 3
ADVFNT - 36
1 1
sin2  =  x = sin  = ±
3 3

(ii) cot–1 x + tan–1 x = . so ( )x=3
2
H-3. Solve the following equations : [For Revision Planner]
 x 1  x 1  2
(i) tan–1   + tan–1   = (ii) sin–1x + sin–12x =
 x  2   x  2  4 3
1 1
Ans. (i) ± (ii) x=
2 2
 x –1 x 1
  
 x –1  x 1 x–2 x2  4 – 2x 2  
  + tan–1   = tan–1  
Sol. (i) tan 1
 x 2 – 1  = tan–1   =
x – 2  x  2  1– 2   3  4
 x –4 
case- I ( -I)
4 – 2x 2 1
=1  x=± ... (1)
3 2
( x – 1) ( x  1)
If ( ) 1  x (–2, 2) ...(2)
( x – 2) ( x  2)
1
from (1) & (2) x=±
2
( x – 1) ( x  1)
1
case-II ( -II) If ( ) ( x – 2) ( x  2)
 x  (–, –2)  (2, ) ....(3)
 4 – 2x 2  
 
tan  + =
–1
 3
  4
4 – 2x 2 1
=1 x=± .....(4)
3 2
from (3) & (4)  x 
( x – 1) ( x  1)
case-III ( -III)  =1
( x – 2) ( x  2)
1
no solution ( )  x=± are the solutions ( )
2
2  2 
(ii) sin–1 x = – sin –1 2x  sin x sin–1 x = sin  – sin–1 2x 
3  3 
3 2x 3
x= 1 – 4x 2   x= 1 – 4x 2  x
2 2 2
ADVFNT - 37
1
1 – 4x 2 = 0 x=±
2
1
But ( )x=– does not satisfy ( )
2
1
 x=
2
Section (I) : Miscellaneous

(I) :
4x
I–1. If f(x) = x , then show that f(x) + f(1 – x) = 1
4 2
4x
f(x) = x f(x) + f(1 – x) = 1
4 2
4x 41– x 2
Sol. f(x) =  f(1 – x) = =  f(x) + f(1 – x) = 1
x
4 2 41– x
2 2  4x
I-2. Solve the following inequalities :
(i) sin–1 x >–1 (ii) cos–1 x < 2 (iii) cot–1 x < – 3

Ans. (i) – sin 1 < x  1 (ii) cos2 < x  1
(iii) no solution ( )
Sol. (i) sin–1 x >–1
 x (– sin 1, 1]
(ii) cos–1 x < 2

 x (cos 2, 1]
(iii) cot–1 x < – 3
 cot x > 0
–1
 x R  no solution
I-3. Express in terms of

2x 1
(i) tan–1 2 to tan–1 x for x > 1 (ii) sin–1 (2x 1 x 2 ) to sin–1 x for 1  x >
1 x 2
(iii) cos (2x – 1) to cos x for – 1  x < 0
–1 2 –1
2x
(i) x > 1 tan–1 tan–1 x
1 x2
1
(ii) 1  x > sin–1 (2x 1 x 2 ) sin–1 x
2
(iii) – 1  x < 0 cos–1 (2x2 – 1) cos–1x
Ans. (i) 2tan–1x –  (ii)  – 2sin–1x (iii) 2 – 2cos–1x

2x
Sol. (i) Let ( ) tan–1 x =   tan–1 = tan–1 tan2 = 2 –  = 2tan–1x – 
1 x2
ADVFNT - 38
(ii) Let ( ) sin–1 x =   sin–1 (2x 1 x 2 ) = sin–1 sin2 =  – 2 =  – 2sin–1x

(iii) Let ( ) cos–1 x =   cos–1 (2x2 – 1) = cos –1 cos2 = 2 – 2 = 2 – 2cos –1x
 1 1  2 x  1 
1  1  y
2 
I-4. Simplify tan  sin    cos  , if x > y > 1. [For Revision Planner]
 2  1 x2  2  1 y2 
 
 1  2x  1 
1  1  y
2 
x > y> 1 tan  sin 1    cos 
 2  1 x2  2  1 y2 
 
1  xy
Ans. xy
2x
Sol. Let x = tan and y = tan  sin–1 = sin–1 sin2 =  – 2
1 x2
 1 y2   
cos–1   = cos–1 cos2 = 2
  tan       = cot ( – ) = cot [tan–1 x – tan–1y]
 1 y
2
 2 
 1 x  y   1 1  xy   1  xy
cot  tan 1  xy  = cot  cot    =

    x  y  xy
  
I–5. Let f :  ,   B defined by f (x) = 2 cos2x + 3 sin2x + 1. Find B such that f –1
exists. Also find
 3 6
f (x).
–1
  
f (x) = 2 cos2x + 3 sin2x + 1, f :  3 , 6   B B f –1
 
f –1 (x)
1  1 x  2   
Ans. B = [0, 4] ; f –1
(x) =  sin    
2   2  6
  
Sol. f :  ,   B if f–1 exists, then function should be one-one and onto
 3 6
   
f(x) = 2 cos2x + 3 sin 2x + 1 = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 2 + 2  sin 2x  6  
  
  
 x   , 
 3 6
    1  1 x  2   
 2x +   ,  or f(x)  [0, 4]  f–1(x) =  sin    
6  2 2 2   2  6
  
Hindi f :  ,   B f–1
 3 6
   
f(x) = 2 cos2x + 3 sin 2x + 1 = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 2 + 2  sin 2x  6  
  
  
 x   , 
 3 6
ADVFNT - 39
    1  1 x  2   
 2x +   ,  f(x)  [0, 4]  f–1(x) =  sin    
6  2 2 2   2  6
I-6. Find the sum of each of the following series : [For Revision Planner]
1 1 1 1
(i) tan1 + tan1 + tan1 + tan1 ........ upto n terms.
x2  x  1 2
x  3x  3 x 2  5x  7 x 2  7x  13
1 2 2n 1
(ii) tan1 + tan1 + ..... + tan1 + .....................upto infinite terms
3 9 1  2 2n1
1 2 1 n  n 1
(iii) sin1 + sin1 + ..... + sin1 + ............ upto infinite terms
2 6 n (n  1)
1 1 1 1
(i) tan1 + tan1 + tan1 + tan1 .......n
x2  x  1 2
x  3x  3 x 2  5x  7 x 2  7x  13
1 2 2n 1
(ii) tan1 + tan1 + ..... + tan1 + .....................
3 9 1  2 2n1
1 2 1 n  n 1
(iii) sin1 + sin1 + ..... + sin1 + ............
2 6 n (n  1)
 
Ans. (i) tan–1 (x + n)  tan–1 x (ii) (iii)
4 2
1 1 1
Sol. (i) tan–1 2
 tan –1 2
 tan –1 2 +................... upto n terms (n )
x  x 1 x  3x  3 x  5x  7
n n
 1  –1  ( x  r ) – ( x  r – 1) 
=
r 1
tan–1   =
 1  (x  r)(x  r – 1) 
 tan
r 1
 
 1  ( x  r ) ( x  r – 1) 
 tan 
n
–1
= ( x  r ) – tan –1( x  r – 1)
r 1
= [{tan–1 (x+1) – tan–1 x } + {tan–1 (x + 2) – tan–1 (x + 1)} + {tan–1 (x + 3) – tan–1 (x + 2)} + .....+
{tan–1 (x + n) – tan–1 (x + n – 1)}]
= tan–1 (x + n) – tan–1 x
1 2 2n –1
(ii) tan–1 + tan–1 + ..... + tan–1 + ......... + upto infinite terms ( )
3 9 1  22n –1
  
2 n –1 2n  2n1
= 
n 1
tan –1
1  2 2n –1
= n 1
tan –1
1  2n.2n 1
=  {tan
n 1
–1 n
2 – tan –1 2n –1}
= [(tan–1 2 – tan–1 1) + (tan–1 22 – tan–1 2) + (tan–1 23 – tan–1 22) + ..... + im (tan–1 2n – tan–1 2n–1)]
n 
  
= im tan–1 2n – tan–1 1 = – =
n  2 4 4
ADVFNT - 40
1 2 –1 n – n –1
(iii) sin–1 + sin–1 +.....+ sin–1 +....... up to infinite terms ( )
2 6 n(n – 1)
 
n – n –1  1 1
= 
n 1
sin –1
n(n  1)
=  sin
n 1
–1
n
– sin –1 
n  1
 –1 –1 1   1 1   –1 1 1   1 1 
=  sin 1 – sin    sin–1 – sin–1    sin – sin–1   ....  im  sin–1 – sin–1  = 
 2  2 3  3 4 n    n n  1  2
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
- II : (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : Definition of function, Domain and Range, Classification of Functions

(A) :
 log0.3 ( x  1)
A-1. The domain of the function f(x) = is
x 2  2x  8
 log0.3 ( x  1)
f(x) =
x 2  2x  8
(A) (1, 4) (B) (– 2, 4) (C) (2, 4) (D*) [2, )
Sol. For domain – log0.3(x – 1)  0 and x2 + 2x + 8 > 0
 log0.3(x – 1)  0  (x + 1)2 + 7 > 0
 (x – 1)  1  xR
 x2  Taking intersection x  [2, )
Hindi – log0.3(x – 1)  0 x2 + 2x + 8 > 0
 log0.3(x – 1)  0  (x + 1)2 + 7 > 0
 (x – 1)  1  xR
 x2  x  [2, )
A-2. Range of f(x) = n (3x2 – 4x + 5) is

f(x) = n (3x2 – 4x + 5)
 11   11   11 
(A*) n ,   (B) [n 10 , ) (C) n ,   (D) n , 
 3   6   12 
Sol. f(x) = loge (3x2 – 4x + 5)
11 11
3x2 – 4x + 5   n (3x2 – 4x + 5)  n [ n is an increasing function]
3 3
 11 
 Range is n ,  
 3 
Hindi f(x) = loge (3x – 4x + 5)
2
11 11
3x2 – 4x + 5   n (3x2 – 4x + 5)  n [ n ]
3 3
 11 
  n 3 ,  
 
ADVFNT - 41
A-3. Range of f(x) = 4x + 2x + 1 is
f(x) = 4x + 2x + 1
(A) (0, ) (B*) (1, ) (C) (2, ) (D) (3, )
Sol. f(x) = 4x + 2x + 1
Let 2x = t > 0,  x  R
 f(x) = g(t) = t2 + t + 1, t>0
2 2 2
 1 3  1 1  1 1  1 3
g(t) =  t   +  t   >  t   >  t   + >1
 2 4  2  2  2 4  2 4
Range is (1, )
Hindi f(x) = 4x + 2x + 1
2x = t > 0,  x  R
 f(x) = g(t) = t2 + t + 1, t>0
2 2 2
 1 3  1 1  1 1  1 3
g(t) =  t   +  t   >  t   >  t   + >1
 2  4  2 2  2  4  2  4
= (1, )
A-4. Range of f(x) = log 5

( 2 (sinx – cosx) + 3) is
 3
(A) [0, 1] (B*) [0, 2] (C) 0,  (D) [1, 2]
 2
f(x) = log 5
( 2 (sinx – cosx) + 3)
 3
(A) [0, 1] (B) [0, 2] (C) 0,  (D) [1, 2]
 2
Sol. f(x) = log
5
 2(sin x  cos x)  3 we know that
– 2  sin x – cos x  2, xR [since – a 2  b 2  a sin x + b cos x  a2  b2 ]
 –2 2 (sin x – cos x)  2  1 2 (sin x – cos x) + 3  5
 0  log ( 2 (sin x – cos x) + 3)  2. Hence range is [0, 2]
5
Hindi f(x) = log

5
 2(sin x  cos x)  3
– 2  sin x – cos x  2, xR [ – a 2  b 2  a sin x + b cos x  a2  b2 ]
 –2 2 (sin x – cos x)  2  1 2 (sin x – cos x) + 3  5
 0  log ( 2 (sin x – cos x) + 3)  2. = [0, 2]
5
2x 2  x  5
A-5. Let f : R  R be a function defined by f(x) = , then f is: [For Revision Planner]
7x 2  2x  10
(A) one  one but not onto (B) onto but not one  one
(C) onto as well as one  one (D*) neither onto nor one  one
2x 2  x  5
f : R  R, f(x) = f
7x 2  2x  10
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Sol. One One / Many One
2x 2  x  5 ( 4x  1)(7 x 2  2x  10)  (14 x  2)(2x 2  x  5)

f(x) = , Domain x  R  f(x) =
7 x 2  2x  10 (7 x 2  2x  10)2
ADVFNT - 42
11x 2  30 x  20  30 
f(x) = 2 2 >0  x  (– , 0)   ,  
(7 x  2x  10)  11 
 30  30
f (x) < 0  x   0,   f(x) = 0  x = 0,
 11  11
Function is increasing and decreasing in different intervals, so non monotonic
 Many one function.
Onto / Into
2x 2  x  5
f(x) =  2x 2 – x + 5 > 0,  x  R and 7x 2 + 2x + 10 > 0  x  R
7 x 2  2x  10
a = 2 > 0 and  a = 7 and D = 4 – 280 < 0
D = 1 – 40 = – 39 < 0  f(x) > 0  x  R
Also f(x) never tends to ± as 7x 2 + 2x + 10 has no real roots, Range  Codomain so into function.
Hindi /
2x 2  x  5 ( 4x  1)(7 x 2  2x  10)  (14 x  2)(2x 2  x  5)

f(x) = , xR  f(x) =
7 x 2  2x  10 (7 x 2  2x  10)2
11x 2  30 x  20  30 
f(x) = 2 2 >0  x  (– , 0)   ,  
(7 x  2x  10)  11 
 30  30
f (x) < 0  x   0,   f(x) = 0  x = 0,
 11  11
 
2x 2  x  5
f(x) =
7 x 2  2x  10
2x 2 – x + 5 > 0,  x  R 7x 2 + 2x + 10 > 0  x  R
 a=2>0  a=7 D = 4 – 280 < 0
D = 1 – 40 = – 39 < 0  f(x) > 0  x  R
7x2 + 2x + 10 = 0 f(x) ±

A-6. Let f : R  R be a function defined by f(x) = x 3 + x2 + 3x + sin x. Then f is:

(A*) one  one and onto (B) one  one and into
(C) many one and onto (D) many one and into
f : R  R, f(x) = x3 + x2 + 3x + sin x f
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Sol. f(x) = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + sin x, x  R  f(x) = 3x 2 + 2x + 3 + cos x
32
 3x 2 + 2x + 3  as a = 3 > 0 and D < 0  –1  cos x  1
12
so f(x) > 0  x  R  lim f(x) = +   lim f(x) = – 

x  x  
Hence f(x) is one-one and onto function (as f(x) is continuous function)
ADVFNT - 43
Hindi. f(x) = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + sin x, x  R  f(x) = 3x 2 + 2x + 3 + cos x
32
 3x 2 + 2x + 3  ( a = 3 > 0 D < 0)  –1  cos x  1
12
f(x) > 0  x  R  lim f(x) = +   lim f(x) = – 

x  x  
f(x) ( f(x) )
3
A-7. Domain of definition of the function f(x) = + log10(x3 – x), is :
4 – x2
3
f(x) = + log10(x3 – x)
4 – x2
(A) (1,2) (B) (–1,0)  (1,2)
(C) (1,2)  (2, ) (D*) (–1,0)  (1,2)  (2, )
Sol. 4 – x 2  0 , x3 – x > 0  x  ±2 and –1 < x < 0 or 1<x<
 D = (–1, 0)  (1, ) – {2} or D = (–1, 0)  (1, 2)  (2, ).
x
A-8. If f : [0, )  [0, ), and f (x) = 1  x , then f is:
(A) one-one and onto (B*) one-one but not onto
(C) onto but not one-one (D) neither one-one nor onto
x
f : [0, )  [0, ), f (x) = 1  x , f
(A) (B*)
(C) (D)
x
Sol. f : [0, )  [0, )  f(x) =
1 x
x1 x2
1  x1 = 1 x2  x 1 = x2 only
for given domain

f(x) < 1  function is into
x
Hindi f : [0, )  [0, )  f(x) =
1 x
x1 x2
1  x1 = 1 x2  x1 = x2
f(x) < 1 
( x  2) 2
A-9_. Range of the function f(x) = is [For Revision Planner]
( x  1)( x  3)
( x  2) 2
f(x) =
( x  1)( x  3)
(A) (1, ) (B) (–, 1) (C*) R – (0, 1] (D) (0, 1]
ADVFNT - 44
2
 2
1  
 x
1
Sol.  1  3  when x
1  1  
 x  x
x2
A-10. Range of the function f(x) = 2 is
x  4x  3
x2
f(x) = 2
x  4x  3
(A) (–, 0) (B*) R (C) (0, ) (D) R – {0}
x2
Sol. f(x) =
( x  1)( x  3)
A-11. Statement - 1 If f (x) and g (x) both are one one and f(g (x)) exists, then f(g (x)) is also one one.
Statement - 2 If f(x1) = f(x2)  x1 = x2 , then f(x) is one-one.
(A*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false
-1 f(x) g(x) f(g(x)) f(g(x))
-2 f(x1) = f(x2)  x1 = x2 f(x)
(A) 1 2 ; 2, 1
(B) 1 2 ; 2, 1
(C) 1 2
(D) 1 2
(E)
Sol. f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2))  g(x1) = g(x2)
as f is one - one function  x 1 = x2
as g is one - one function
hence f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2))  x 1 = x2  f(x) is one - one function
Hindi. f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2))  g(x1) = g(x2)
f  x 1 = x2
g
f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2))  x 1 = x2  f(x)
ADVFNT - 45
A-12. Statement - 1 If y = f (x) is increasing in [], then its range is [f (), f () ]
Statement - 2 Every increasing function need not to be continuous.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
STATEMENT-1
(D*) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
-1 y = f (x), [] [f (), f () ]
-2
(A) 1 2 ; 2, 1
(B) 1 2 ; 2, 1
(C) 1 2
(D) 1 2
(E)
Sol. If f(x) is increasing continuous function in [, ], then its range is [f(), f()] but for discontinuous function the
statement is not true.
So D is correct.
Hindi f(x) [, ] [f(), f()]
(D)
Section (B) : Identical functions, Composite functions

(B) :
B-1. Which of the following pair of functions are identical –

(A*) f(x) = sin2x + cos2x and g(x) = 1 (B) f(x) = sec2x – tan2x and g(x) = 1
(C) f(x) = cosec x – cot x and g(x) = 1
2 2
(D) f(x) = nx2 and g(x) = 2nx
(A) f(x) = sin2x + cos2x g(x) = 1 (B) f(x) = sec2x – tan2x g(x) = 1
(C) f(x) = cosec2x – cot2 x g(x) = 1 (D) f(x) = nx2 g(x) = 2nx
Sol. (A) f(x) = sin2x + cos2x, x  R and g(x) = 1, x  R
f(x) = 1, x  R and g(x) = 1, x  R identical functions

(B) f(x) = sec2x – tan2x, x  R – (2n + 1) and g(x) = 1, x  R Non-identical functions
2
(C) f(x) = cosec2x – cot2x, x  R – n and g(x) = 1, x  R Non-identical functions
Hindi (A) f(x) = sin2x + cos2x, x  R g(x) = 1, x  R
f(x) = 1, x  R g(x) = 1, x  R

(B) f(x) = sec2x – tan2x, x  R – (2n + 1) g(x) = 1, x  R
2
(C) f(x) = cosec2x – cot2x, x  R – n g(x) = 1, x  R
B-2. Let f(x) be a function whose domain is [– 5, 7]. Let g(x) = |2x + 5|, then domain of (fog) (x) is
(A) [– 4, 1] (B) [– 5, 1] (C*) [– 6, 1] (D) [– 5, 7]
f(x) [– 5, 7] g(x) = |2x + 5| (fog) (x)
(A) [– 4, 1] (B) [– 5, 1] (C*) [– 6, 1] (D) [– 5, 7]
Sol. Domain of f(g(x)). Range of g(x)  Domain of f(x)
 – 5  |2x + 5|  7  0  |2x + 5|  7  –7  2x + 5  7
 – 12  2x  2  –6x1
ADVFNT - 46
Hindi f(g(x)) . g(x)  f(x)
 – 5  |2x + 5|  7  0  |2x + 5|  7  –7  2x + 5  7
 – 12  2x  2  –6x1
1 , x  0

B-3. Let g (x) = 1 + x  [ x ] and f (x) =  0 , x  0 . Then for all x, f (g (x)) is equal to (where [.] denotes
 1 ,x  0

greatest integer function) [For Revision Planner]
1 , x  0

g (x) = 1 + x  [ x ] f (x) =  0 , x  0 . x f (g (x)) [.]
 1 ,x  0

(A) x (B*) 1 (C) f (x) (D) g (x)

Sol. g(x) = 1 + {x}  f(x) = sgn (x)
 f(g(x)) = sgn (1 + {x}) = 1
Section (C) : Even/Odd Functions & Periodic Functions

(C) :
 1  sin x 
C-1. The function f(x) = log   is
 1  sin x 
(A) even (B*) odd
(C) neither even nor odd (D) both even and odd
 1  sin x 
f(x) = log  
 1  sin x 
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
 1  sin x   1  sin x   1  sin x 

Sol. f(x) = log    f(–x) = log   = – log   = – f(x) odd function
 1  sin x   1  sin x   1  sin x 
1
C-2. The function f(x) = [x] + , x   is a/an (where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function)
2
(A) Even (B*) odd (C) neither even nor odd (D) Even as well as odd
1
f(x) = [x] + , x  ( [ .]
2
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
1 1 1  1
Sol. f(x) = [x] + , x   f(–x) = [–x] + = –[x] – 1 + = –  [ x ]   = – f(x) odd function
2 2 2  2
C-3. The graph of the function y = f(x) is symmetrical about the line x = 2, then :
y = f(x) x=2 [For Revision Planner]
(A) f(x + 2) = f(x – 2) (B*) f(2 + x) = f(2 – x) (C) f(x) = f(–x) (D) f(x) = –f(–x)
Sol. Let us consider a graph symmetric w.r.t. line x = 2 as shown in figure
ADVFNT - 47
from figure f(x1) = f(x2) where x1 = 2 – x & x2 = 2 + x  f(2 – x) = f(2 + x)
Hindi. x=2
f(x1) = f(x2) x1 = 2 – x & x2 = 2 + x  f(2 – x) = f(2 + x)
C-4. Fundamental period of f(x) = sec (sin x) is


(A) (B) 2 (C*)  (D) aperiodic
2
f(x) = sec (sin x)

(A) (B) 2 (C)  (D)
2
Sol. f(x) = sec (sin x). Since sin x is a periodic function with fundamental period 2. f(x) has a period 2
for fundamental period f(x + ) = sec (sin ( + x)) = sec (–sin x) = sec (sin x) = f(x)
 
f  x    f(x) hence fundamental period is 
 2 
Hindi. f(x) = sec (sin x) sin x, 2 f(x) 2
f(x + ) = sec (sin ( + x)) = sec (–sin x) = sec (sin x) = f(x)
 
f  x    f(x) 
 2
C-5. If f (x) = sin  [a] x  (where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function) has  as its fundamental period,
then [For Revision Planner]
f (x) = sin  [a] x  ( [ .] 
(A) a = 1 (B) a = 9 (C) a  [1, 2) (D*) a  [4, 5)
2
Sol. f(x) = sin  [a] x   Period =
[ a]
=
[a] = 4  a  [4, 5)
C-6_. Find the area below the curve y =  2  2cos 2x  but above the x-axis in [–3, 6] is
 
(where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function) : [For Revision Planner]
(A) 2 square units (B)  square units (C*) 6 square units (D) 8 square units
[–3, 6] x- y =  2  2cos 2x 
 
( [ .]
(A) 2 (B)  (C*) 6 (D) 8
Sol. y = [2 |cosx|]
period =
ADVFNT - 48

area in [0, ] = 2.
3
2
so required area =9× = 6
3
Section (D) : Inverse of a function
(D) :
ex  ex
D-1. The inverse of the function f(x) = is
e x  e x
ex  ex
f(x) =
e x  e x
1 1 x 1 2x 1 1 x
(A*) n (B) n (C) n (D) 2 n (1 + x)
2 1 x 2 2x 2 1 x
y ex  ex
Sol. = x
1 e  e x
By compnendo and dividendo
1 y 2e x  1 y  1  1 x 
1 y =  2x = n  1  y   f–1(x) = n  
2e  x   2  1 x 
1
D-2. If f: [1, )  [2, ) is given by f (x) = x + , then f 1 (x) equals:
x
1
f: [1, )  [2, ),, f (x) = x + , f 1 (x) [IIT-JEE 2001, Scr., (1, 0), 35]
x
x  x 2 4 x x  x 2 4
(A*) (B) 2 (C) (D) 1  x 2 4
2 1 x 2
Sol. f : [1, )  [2, )
1 y  y2  4
y = f(x) = x +  x 2 – xy + 1 = 0  x=
x 2
x  x2  4
 f –1(x) = as ( )f–1 : [2, )  [1, )
2
D-3. If f : R  R is an invertible function such that f(x) and f –1(x) are also mirror image to each other about the
line y = –x, then [For Revision Planner]
(A*) f(x) is odd
(B) f(x) and f –1(x) may not be mirror image about the line y = x
(C) f(x) may not be odd
(D) f(x) is even
f:RR f(x) f–1(x) y = –x
(A) f(x)
(B) f(x) f–1(x), y=x
(C) f(x)]
(D) f(x)
ADVFNT - 49
Sol. Since f(x) and f –1(x) are symmetric about the line y = –x.
If () lies on y = f(x) then (–, –) on y = f –1(x)  (–, –) lies on y = f(x)  y = f(x) is odd.
f(x) f–1(x) y = –x
() y = f(x) (–, –) y = f –1(x)
 (–, –) y = f(x)  y = f(x)
ax  b
D–4. If f(x) = , then (fof) (x) = x, provided that
cx  d
ax  b
f(x) = (fof) (x) = x,
cx  d
(A*) d + a = 0 (B) d – a = 0 (C) a = b = c = d = 1 (D) a = b = 1
 ax  b 
a b
ax  b  cx  d  a 2 x  ab  bcx  bd
Sol. f(x) =  fof(x) =  fof(x) =
cx  d  ax  b  acx  bc  cdx  d2
c d
 cx  d 
(a 2  bc )x  (ab  bd)
fof(x) = =x
(ac  cd)x  (bc  d2 )
on comparing coefficient of both side (a2 + bc) x + (ab + bd) = (ac + cd) x2 + (bc + d2) x
a2 + bc = bc + d2  a = d or a = – d
and ab + bd = 0  b = 0 or a = – d
and ac + cd = 0  c = 0 or a = – d
which can be simultaneously true for a = – d
 ax  b 
a b
ax  b  cx  d  a 2 x  ab  bcx  bd
Hindi f(x) =  fof(x) =  ax  b   fof(x) =
cx  d c d acx  bc  cdx  d2
 cx  d 
(a 2  bc )x  (ab  bd)
fof(x) = =x  (a2 + bc) x + (ab + bd) = (ac + cd) x2 + (bc + d2) x
(ac  cd)x  (bc  d2 )
a2 + bc = bc + d2  a=d a=–d
ab + bd = 0  b=0 a=–d
ac + cd = 0  c=0 a=–d
a=–d
 x 1 x  1
D-5_. Let f(x) =  2 the range of h–1(x), where h(x) = fof(x) is
x 1 x  2
 x 1 x  1
f(x) =  2 h–1(x) h(x) = fof(x)
x 1 x  2

(A*)  1, 2  (B) [–1, 2] (C) [–1, 4] (D) [–2, 2]
 f ( x)  1  f (x)  1  x 1 x  1
Sol. h(x) = f(f(x)) =  2 =  4
f ( x ) 1  f(x)  2 x 1 x  2
so domain of h(x) is [–1, 2 ]. hence range of h (x) is [–1,
–1
2]
 f ( x)  1  f (x)  1  x 1 x  1
h(x) = f(f(x)) =  2 =  4
f ( x ) 1  f(x)  2 x 1 x  2
h(x) [–1, 2] h–1(x) [–1, 2]
ADVFNT - 50
D-6^. Statement – 1 All points of intersection of y = f (x) and y = f – 1 (x) lies on y = x only.[For Revision Planner]
Statement – 2 If point P (, ) lies on y = f (x), then Q (, ) lies on y = f – 1 (x).
Statement – 3 Inverse of invertible function is unique and its range is equal to the function domain.
Which of the following option is correct for above statements in order
(A) T T F (B*) F T T (C) T T T (D) T F T
– 1 y = f (x) y = f – 1 (x) y= x
–2 P (, ), y = f (x) Q (, ), y = f – 1 (x)
–3
(A) T T F (B*) F T T (C) T T T (D) T F T

Sol. y = f(x) and y = f–1(x) can intersect at points other than y = x
e.g. y=–x+c or y= 1 x 2
Hindi y = f(x) y = f (x), y = x
–1
y=–x+c y= 1 x 2
Section (E) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals of Inverse Trigonometric functions

(E) :
E-1. The domain of definition of f(x) = sin1 (x  1  2) is:
f(x) = sin1 (x  1  2)
(A*) [ 2, 0]  [2, 4] (B) ( 2, 0)  (2, 4) (C) [ 2, 0]  [1, 3] (D) ( 2, 0)  (1, 3)
Sol. f(x) = sin (|x – 1| – 2). For domain – 1  |x – 1| – 2  1
–1
 1  |x – 1|  3  x – 1  [–3, –1]  [1, 3]  x  [–2, 0]  [2, 4]

Hindi f(x) = sin–1 (|x – 1| – 2). – 1  |x – 1| – 2  1
 1  |x – 1|  3  x – 1  [–3, –1]  [1, 3]  x  [–2, 0]  [2, 4]
E-2. The function f(x) = cot1 ( x 3)x + cos 1 x 2 3 x 1 is defined on the set S, where S is equal to:
f(x) = cot1 ( x 3)x + cos1 x 2 3 x 1 S S

(A) {0, 3} (B) (0, 3) (C*) {0,  3} (D) [ 3, 0]
Sol. f(x) = cot–1 x( x  3 ) + cos –1 x 2  3x  1
for domain
x(x + 3)  0 and 0  x 2 + 3x + 1  1
 x  (–, –3]  [0, ) and x 2 + 3x + 1  0 and x 2 + 3x  0  x  [–3, 0]
Taking intersection
 x  {–3, 0}
Hindi. f(x) = cot–1 x( x  3 ) + cos –1 x 2  3x  1
x(x + 3)  0 0  x 2 + 3x + 1  1
 x  (–, –3]  [0, ) x 2 + 3x + 1  0 x 2 + 3x  0  x  [–3, 0]
 x  {–3, 0}.
E-3. Domain of f(x) = cos–1 x + cot–1 x + cosec –1 x is

(A) [– 1, 1] (B) R (C) (– ]  [1, ) (D*) {– 1, 1}
f(x) = cos–1 x + cot–1 x + cosec–1 x
(A) [– 1, 1] (B) R (C) (– ]  [1, ) (D*) {– 1, 1}
Sol.  –1  x  1 ...(1)
xR ...(2)
x  –1 or x 1 ...(3)
By (1)  (2) (3)
ADVFNT - 51
 x  {–1, 1}
E-4. Range of f(x) = sin–1 x + tan–1 x + sec–1 x is [For Revision Planner]
  3    3    3    3 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C*)  ,  (D)  , 
4 4  4 4  4 4  4 4 
f(x) = sin–1 x + tan–1 x + sec –1 x
  3    3    3    3 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
4 4  4 4  4 4  4 4 
Sol. Domain of f(x) is x  { –1, 1} f(x) x  { –1, 1}
     3
f(–1) =     f(1) =  0 
2 4 4 2 4 4
E-5. cosec –1 (cos x) is real if

(A) x  [– 1, 1] (B) x  R

(C) x is an odd multiple of (D*) x is a multiple of 
2
cosec–1 (cos x)
(A) x  [– 1, 1] (B) x  R

(C) x , (D) x, 
2
Sol. cosec–1 (cosx) is defined if cosec–1 (cosx)
cosx  1 or cos x  1  cosx =  1  x = n
1 
E-6. Domain of definition of the function f (x) = sin (2x )  for real valued ' x ' is:
6
1 
f (x) = sin (2x )  'x' [For Revision Planner]
6
 1 1  1 1  1 1  1 1
(A*)   ,  (B)   ,  (C)   ,  (D)   , 
 4 2  2 2  2 9  4 4
  
Sol. y= sin 1 2 x  For domain sin–1 2x + 0 ( sin–1 2x +  0)
6 6 6
  1 1 1
 –  sin–1 2x   –  2x  1  – x
6 2 2 4 2
Section (F) : Trig. (trig–1x), trig–1 (trig x) trig (–x) and Properties
(F) : Trig. (trig–1x), trig–1 (trig x) trig (–x)
F-1. If x2, then cos–1 (cosx) is equal to

x2 cos–1 (cosx) =
(A) x (B)  – x (C) 2 + x (D*) 2 – x
Sol. x  2 cos –1 cos x = 2– x
ADVFNT - 52
2
F-2. If sin–1 x + sin–1 y = , then cos–1x + cos –1y is equal to [For Revision Planner]
3
2
sin–1 x + sin–1 y = cos–1x + cos–1y =
3
2  
(A) (B*) (C) (D) 
3 3 6
  2
Sol. sin–1 x + sin–1 y = – cos –1 x – cos–1 y + =  – (cos –1 x + cos –1 y) =
2 2 3

 cos –1 x + cos –1 y =
3
F-3. If x  0 and  = sin1x + cos1x  tan1x, then

x0  = sin1x + cos1x  tan1x
 3    
(A)   (B) 0    (C) 0   < (D*)   
2 4 4 2 4 2

Sol. = sin–1 x + cos–1 x – tan–1 x = – tan–1 x
2
Domain ( ) x  [–1, 1] But given ( ) x 0

 x  [0, 1]  = – tan–1x = cot–1x
2
 
for x [0, 1] ( )  
4 2
 1
F-4. If x < 0 then value of tan–1(x) + tan–1   is equal to
x
 
(A) (B*) – (C) 0 (D) –
2 2
 1
x<0 tan–1(x) + tan–1  
x
 
(A) (B) – (C) 0 (D) –
2 2
1
Sol. By property if ( )x<0 tan–1 = cot–1 x – 
x
1  1 
 tan–1 x + tan–1 = tan–1 x + cot–1 x –  = –  tan–1 x + tan–1 =–
x 2 x 2
 1 
F-5. If sin–1x + cot–1   = , then x is equal to [For Revision Planner]
2
  2
 1 
sin–1x + cot–1   = , x=
2 2
1 2 3
(A) 0 (B*) (C) (D)
5 5 2
ADVFNT - 53
 1  1  1
Sol. sin–1 x + cot–1   =  sin–1 x + cos–1 =  x=
2 2 5 2 5
Section (G) : Interconversion

(G) : 
 1 1 
G-1. The numerical value of tan  2 tan   is
 5 4
 1 1 
tan  2 tan  
 5 4
7 7 17 2
(A*) (B) (C) (D) –
17 17 7 3
1
2.
5 –1
1
1–
25 7
Sol. =
1 17
2.
1 5 .1
1
1–
25
 3 3
G-2. The numerical value of cot  2 sin 1  cos 1  is
 5 5
 3 3
cot  2 sin 1  cos 1 
 5 5
4 3 3 4
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
3 4 4 3
 1 3  3 3
Sol. = cot   sin  = – tan sin 1 = .
2 5 5 4
G-3. STATEMENT-1 : tan2 (sec–1 2) + cot2 (cosec– 1 3) = 11. [For Revision Planner]
STATEMENT-2 : tan2  + sec2  = 1 = cot2 + cosec2 
STATEMENT-1
STATEMENT-1
(C*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
-1 : tan2 (sec–1 2) + cot2 (cosec– 1 3) = 11.
-2 : tan2  + sec2  = 1 = cot2 + cosec2 
(A) 1 2 ; 2, 1
(B) 1 2 ; 2, 1
(C*) 1 2
(D) 1 2
(E)
ADVFNT - 54
Sol. tan2 (sec –1 2) + cot2 (cosec –1 3)  tan2 (tan–1 3 ) + cot2 (cot–1 8)  3 + 8 = 11
Section (H) : Additional Subtraction Rule and Equations

(H) :
   3 
H-1. The solution of the equation sin1  tan   sin1    = 0 is
 4  x 6
 
(A) x = 2 (B) x =  4 (C*) x = 4 (D) x = 3
   3 
sin1  tan   sin1    =0
 4  x 6
 
(A) x = 2 (B) x =  4 (C) x = 4 (D)x = 3
    
–1 3  3 
Sol. sin–1  tan 4  – sin  x  – 6 = 0  sin–11 – sin–1 =
    x 6
3 3
 =  x =2 x=4
2 x
3
H-2_. Number of solutions of the equation cot–1 4  x 2  cos 1( x 2  5)  is :
2
3
cot–1 4  x 2  cos 1( x 2  5)  [For Revision Planner]
2
(A*) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Sol. 4 – x2  0 & –1  x 2 – 5  1
x2  4 & 4  x2 – 5  6
So x = 4 which satisfy the given equation
2
So x = ±2 number of solution = 2.
Hindi. 4 – x2  0 –1  x 2 – 5  1
x2  4 4  x2 – 5  6
x2 = 4
x = ±2 = 2.
H-3_. Number of solutions of equation tan–1(e–x) + cot–1(|nx|) = /2 is : [For Revision Planner]
tan–1(e–x) + cot–1(|nx|) = /2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D*) 2
Sol. e–x = |nx|
ADVFNT - 55
a b 
H-4. STATEMENT-1 : If a > 0, b > 0, tan– 1   + tan– 1   = .  x = ab .
x
  x
  2
m nm 
STATEMENT-2 : If m, n  N, n  m, then tan– 1   + tan– 1   = .
n nm 4
STATEMENT-1
(B*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
a b 
-1 : a > 0, b > 0, tan– 1   + tan– 1   = .  x = ab .
x x 2
m nm 
-2 : m, n  N, n  m tan– 1   + tan– 1  = .
n nm 4
(A) 1 2 ; 2, 1
(B*) 1 2 ; 2, 1
(C) 1 2
(D) 1 2
(E)
Sol. Using properties ( )
 a x
 tan–1 x + cot–1 x =    x = ab
2 x b
statement-1 is true -1
 m
m  1–  m m 
 n 
tan–1   + tan–1 = tan–1 + tan–1 1 – tan–1 = .
n  1 m  n n 4
 
 n 
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN
- III : (MATCH THE COLUMN )
1. Column –  Column – 
(A) The period of the function (p) 1/2

y = sin (2t + /3) + 2 sin (3t + /4) + 3 sin 5t is
(B) y = {sin (x)} is a many one function for (q) 8

x  (0, a), where {x} denotes fractional part of x, then a may be
1  | sin(  / 4)x | sin(  / 4)x 

(C) The fundamental period of the function y=    is (r) 2
2  cos(  / 4)x | cos(  / 4)x | 
(D) If f : [0, 2]  [0, 2] is bijective function defined by (s) 0
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, c are non-zero real
numbers, then f(2) is equal to
Ans. (A)  (q, r), (B)  (q, r), (C)  (q), (D)  (s)
ADVFNT - 56
– – 
(A) y = sin (2t + /3) + 2 sin (3t + /4) + 3 sin 5t (p) 1/2
(B) x  (0, a) y = {sin (x)} {.}

a (q) 8
1  | sin(  / 4)x | sin(  / 4)x 

(C) y=    (r) 2
2  cos(  / 4)x | cos(  / 4)x | 
(D) f : [0, 2]  [0, 2] (s) 0
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c a, b, c
f(2)
Ans. (A)  (q, r), (B)  (q, r), (C)  (q), (D)  (s)
   
Sol. (A) y = sin  2t   + 2 sin  3   + 3 sin (5t)
 3  4
 2 3 5    2 2
LCM  , ,  = LCM = 1, ,  = 2
 2  2  2    3 5
(B) y = {sin x} period = 2
 1
For x   0,  function is one-one
 2
For x (0, 2) and x  (0, 8)
function is many-one
   
 sin x sin x 
1  4 4 
(C) y= 
2  cos  x cos  x 

 4 4
 
(D) Since f(x) is bijective,

 f(0) = 0 or 2 but f(0) = 0  c=0
(which is not true)  f(0) = 2 & f(2) = 0
Hindi (A) y = sin + 2 sin + 3 sin (5t)
LCM = LCM = =2
(B) y = {sin x} period = 2
x 
x (0, 2) x  (0, 8)
ADVFNT - 57
(C) y=
(D) f(x)
 f(0) = 0 2 f(0) = 0  c=0
( )  f(0) = 2 & f(2) = 0
2. Let f (x) = sin–1 x, g (x) = cos–1 x and h(x) = tan –1 x. For what complete interval of variation of x the following
are true.
f (x) = sin–1 x, g (x) = cos–1 x h(x) = tan –1x, x
Column –  Column – 
– – 
(A) f +g = /2 (p) [0, )
(B) f (x) + g =0 (q) [0, 1]
(C) g = 2 h (x) (r) (– , 1)
(D) h(x) + h(1) = h (s) [– 1, 0]
Ans. (A) (q), (B) (s), (C) (p), (D) (r),
Sol. (A) sin–1 + cos–1 =  x  [0, 1]
(B) sin–1 + cos–1 =0  cos–1 = – sin–1(x)  x  [–1, 0]
(C) g = 2h(x)  cos–1 = 2 tan–1 x  x [0, )
(D) h(x) + h (1) = h  tan–1 x + tan–1= tan–1  x (–, 1)
3. Column –  Column – 
(A) If S be set of all triangles and f : S  R+, f() = Area (p) one-one
of , then f is
(B) f:R and f(x) = cot–1(2x – x2 – 2), then f(x) is (q) many one
(C) If f : R  R such that f(x) = , then f(x) is (r) onto function
(D) f : R  R and f(x) = epx sinqx where p, q  R+, then f(x) is (s) into function
ADVFNT - 58
– – 
(A) S f : S  R , f() = 
+
(p)
f
(B) f:R f(x) = cot–1(2x – x2 – 2), f(x) (q)
(C) f:RR f(x) = , f(x) (r)
(D) f:RR f(x) = epx sinqx p, q  R+, f(x) (s)

Ans. (A) (q,r), (B) (q,r), (C) (q,s), (D) (q,r),
Sol. (A) f() = Area of Different triangles can have same area.
 Many on function. Area of triangle is positive hence onto function
Hindi. f() = 

(B) f(x) = cot–1 (2x – x2 – 2) = cot–1(–1 – (x – 1)2)  –1 – (x – 1)2  –1
 f(0) = f(2). Hence f(x) is many-one.  cot–1 (2x – x2 – 2) 
Hence, f(x) is onto. Also f(3) = f(–1), hence function is many-one.

 –1 – (x – 1)2 = –5.
Hindi f(x) = cot (2x – x2 – 2) = cot–1(–1 – (x – 1)2)
–1
 –1 – (x – 1)2  –1
 f(0) = f(2). f(x)  cot–1 (2x – x2 – 2) 
f(x)
f(3) = f(–1),  –1 – (x – 1)2 = –5.
(C) f(x) =  f(x) =  f(x) is not monotonic
 f(x) is many one.
Hindi f(x) =  f(x) =  f(x)
 f(x)
(D)
Clearly, from the graph that f(x) is many-one and onto.

y = f(x)
ADVFNT - 59
4_. Match The column [For Revision Planner]
(A) If f(x) is even & g(x) is odd (p) then fog must be odd
(B) If g(x) is periodic (q) then fog must be manyone
(C) If f(x) & g(x) are bijective (r) then fog is periodic
(D) If f(x) is into (s) then fog is injective
(t) then fog is into

Ans. (A q ; B r,q ; C s ; D t)
Sol. Obvious
4_.
(A) f(x) g(x) (p) fog
(B) g(x) (q) fog
(C) f(x) g(x) (r) fog
(D) f(x) (s) fog
(t) fog
Ans. (A q ; B r,q ; C s ; D t)
Sol. Obvious
5. Match the column

Column -  Column - 
(A) Let a, b, c be three positive real numbers (p) 
a (a  b  c ) b (a  b  c ) c (a  b  c )
= tan– 1 + tan– 1 + tan– 1
bc ca ab
then equal
(B) The value of the expression

1  
tan 1  tan 2 A  + tan 1 (cot A) + tan 1 (cot3A) for 0 < A < (/4) (q) –
2  2
(C) If x < 0, then {cos– 1(2x2 – 1) + 2cos–1 x} (r) – 
(D) The value of sin–1 – cos–1 + cos –1 (s)
- - 
(A) a, b, c (p) 
= tan– 1 + tan– 1 +
ADVFNT - 60
tan– 1 , 
(B) tan 1 + tan 1 (cot A) + tan 1 (cot3A) (q) –
0 < A < (/4)
(C) x <0 {cos– 1(2x2 – 1) + 2cos–1 x} (r) –
(D) sin–1 – cos–1 + cos–1 (s)
Ans. (A)  (p), (B)  (p), (C) (p), (D) (s)

Sol. (A)
Let x= , y= , z= , x, y, z > 0
 = tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z
Now x+y+z= + + =
and xyz =  x + y + z = xyz  tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z = 
Hence  = 
(B) Let  = tan–1(cotA)   = tan–1(cot3A)  tan( + ) =
R.H.S. is negative
 tan ( +  – ) = = –  +  =  – tan–1
G.E. =  independent of A.  ,A
(C) If x < 0, then {cos– 1(2x2 – 1) + 2cos–1 x}  x = cos ,  <  < 
{cos– 1(2x2 – 1) + 2cos–1 x} = {cos– 1(cos2) + 2cos–1x}
= {cos– 1(cos2) + 2cos–1x} = {–2 + 2 + 2} = 
(D) sin–1 – cos–1 + cos –1 = sin–1 – sin–1 + cos –1
= sin–1 + cos –1
= sin–1 + cos–1 = sin–1 + cos–1 = .
ADVFNT - 61

Theory / Summary Session - 2015-16 New Sheet Structure For JEE (Advanced) Class - XII

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Theory / Summary Session - 2015-16 New Sheet Structure For JEE (Advanced) Class - XII

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

-I: SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Definition of function, Domain and Range, Classification of Functions

A-1_. Check whether the followings represent function or not

(i) x2 + y2 = 36, y  [0, 6] (ii) x2 + y2 = 36, x  [0, 1]

Ans. (i) yes (ii) no (iii) no (iv)no

A-2. Find the domain of each of the following functions :

x>0 x + |x| = 2x > 0

 x  (– , 1) – {0} x  – 2  x  [–2, 0)  (0, 1)

(i) f (x) = 3  2 x  21  x (ii) f (x) = 1 1 x2

A-4. Find the range of each of the following functions :

 Discriminant D  0  1 – 4y2  0  (2y – 1) (2y + 1)  0i  y   1 , 1 

(iii) f(x) = 16  x 2 . Domain x  [–4, 4]  f(x) > 0, y = 16  x 2  x + y = 16

 D0  1 – 4y2  0  (2y – 1) (2y + 1)  0  y   1 , 1 

(iii) f(x) = 16  x 2  x  [–4, 4]  f(x) > 0, y = 16  x 2  x + y = 16

(iv) [–4, 3] (v) [–1, 1] (vi) R (vii) n  N

(iii) f(x) = 2 – 3x – 5x2

HIndi (i) f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5 – 3 2  4 2  3 sin x + 4 cos x  32  42

(xi) f(x) = sec2x – tan2x + sin (sinx + cos x)

(x) 1 (xi) 1  sin 2, 1  sin 2 

Sol. (i) f(x) = 1 – |x – 2|  |x – 2|  [0, )  f(x)  (– , 1]

(i) f(x) = |x2 + 5x + 6 | (ii) f(x) = |nx|

many - one function

Hence one - one

Clearly f(x) (–, –1] [1, )  Range  R into function

f(x) im x cos x =  R

one - one and onto

(iii) f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6

(i) f(x) = tan (2 sin x) (ii) f(x) = tan (sin x)

Ans. (i) many-one & onto (ii) many-one & into

Sol. f(x) = tan (2 sin x)

Hindi f(x) = tan (2 sin x)

one - one function

Total number of functions = nn ; Total number of one-one onto functions = n !

Section (B) : Identical functions, Composite functions

B-1. Check whether following pairs of functions are identical or not ?

(ii) f(x) g(x)

f(x) = log (x  1)  log (x  2) and g (x) = log  x  1  .

 fog(x)  gof (x)

Ans. [fo(goh)] (x) = [(fog) oh] (x) = sin2 x

B-6. If f(x) = n(x2 – x + 2) ; R  R and

Ans. Domain : [1 , 2 ] ; Range : [n2 , n4)

[For Revision Planner]

3 2 x x  Q  {0} 3n1 2x x  Q  {0}

 2 f(x) f(x)  Q  {0} 3 2 x x  Q  {0 }

3 2x f ( x ) f ( x )  Q  {0} 3 2 2 x x  Q  {0}

B-10. If f (x) =1 + x  2, 0  x  4 [For Revision Planner]

fog (x) = – 1 + |x| –1x2

fog (x) = – 1 + |x| –1x2

Section (C) : Even/Odd Functions & Periodic Functions

(iv) f(x) = log (x + x2  1 )  f(–x) = log (–x + x2  1 )

Hindi. (i) f(x) = sin (x2 +1)  f(– x) = f (x) =

(iv) f(x) = log (x + x2  1 )  f(–x) = log (–x + x2  1 )

(v) f(x) = sin x + cos x  f(– x) = – sin x + cos x  f(x) or – f(x)

(vi) f(x) = (x2 – 1) |x|  f(–x) = f(x)

C-3. Prove that the following functions are not periodic :

(i) f(x) = sin x (ii) f(x) = x + sin x

 f (x + T) = f(x)  sin x  T = sin x  x  T = n + (–1)

(ii) f(x) = x + sin x T

3x sin 2x 10  10 

(viii) f(x) = sec3 x + cosec3 x

Section (D) : Inverse of a function