CNG TY C PHN DCH V C KH HNG HI

BAN O TO NI B

GII THIU C BN V H THNG NG NG V

HNG DN KIM SOT CHT LNG THI CNG NG
CNG NGH

Ngi bin son Ngi kim tra Ngi ph duyt

H v Tn Phm Ngc Khn

Ch k

Ngy / /20 / /20 / /20

Ti liu ny v cc thng tin trong n l ti sn ca Cng ty DVCKHH khng c sao chp, copy, in n hoc sang
bng di bt k hnh thc no nu khng c s cho php trc ca Cng ty DVCKHH.
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

BNG THEO DI SA I

Ngy sa Trang Mc
STT Ni dung sa i Ghi ch
i sa i sa i
1

Trang 2/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

MC TIU KHA HC:

Cung cp kin thc c bn v h thng ng v hng dn ngi gim st cht lng c th

thc hin cng vic kim sot cht lng cho h thn ng cng ngh trn Topside.

CU TRC KHA HC:

Kha o to c thc hin trong thi gian 3 bui, mi bui 2 ting.

Phng php o to: thuyt trnh v tho lun.

I TNG O TO:

- i tng tham d bt buc: Nhn vin kim tra cht lng ng cng ngh.
- i tng khuyn khch tham d: Gim st k thut, t trng, t ph, cng nhn.

NI DUNG KHA HC:

Ni dung kha hc gm 4 phn:

- Cc thnh phn c bn trong h thng piping.
- Gii thiu cc h thng ng ng trn topside.
- Gii thiu cc loi bn v piping.
- Hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng piping

TNG KT CUI KHA:

- Tm tt ni dung chnh ca kha hc.

- Bi tp/cu hi kim tra cui kha. Hnh thc bi tp/cu hi kim tra l trc nghim

Trang 3/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

MC LC

Contents
MC LC ............................................................................................................ 4
CHNG 1: PIPING V CC THNH PHN TRONG H THNG PIPING ............ 5
1.1. Piping ............................................................................................................. 5
1.2. Cc thnh phn piping: pipe, fitting, bolts, gaskets, valves, supports ............ 6
1.3. Valves ........................................................................................................... 17
CHNG 2: MT S H THNG NG NG OFFSHORE ................................. 27
2.1. Hydrocarbon Procces System ........................................................................ 27
2.2. Utility System ............................................................................................... 27
CHNG 3: CC LOI BN V PIPING ..................................................................... 29
3.1. Cc loi bn v Piping. .................................................................................. 29
3.2 Process drawings. .......................................................................................... 29
3.3 Equipment layout .......................................................................................... 30
3.4. Piping plan .................................................................................................... 30
3.5 Support plan .................................................................................................. 30
3.6 Penetration Plan ............................................................................................ 30
3.7 Piping Isometric ............................................................................................ 30
3.8 Pipe Support.................................................................................................. 30
CHNG 4: GIM ST CHT LNG THI CNG NG......................................... 31
4.1 Quy trnh hn: ................................................................................................ 31
4.2 Th hn: ......................................................................................................... 31
4.3 Kim sot tay ngh th hn: ........................................................................... 31
4.4 Kim tra v hiu chun thit b hn ................................................................ 31
4.5 c bn v Piping .......................................................................................... 31
4.6 Kim tra lp ................................................................................................... 31
4.7 Kim tra trc khi hn.................................................................................... 31
4.8 Kim tra trong khi hn.................................................................................... 31
4.9 Kim tra sau khi hn....................................................................................... 32
4.10 Hon thin h s: ......................................................................................... 32
4.11 Gim st cng vic th thy lc ................................................................... 32

Trang 4/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

CHNG 1: PIPING V CC THNH PHN TRONG H THNG PIPING

1.1. Piping

Trong cng nghip, Piping l mt h thng nhiu thnh phn lin kt vi nhau, bao gm pipe,
fitting, instruments ,bolts, gaskets, valves, supports dng chuyn ti lu cht t im ny ti
im khc.

Piping c chia thnh 3 loi chnh (theo Size):

ng c ng knh ln (Large bore pipe): thng bao gm ng c ng knh ln hn 2

inch.
ng c ng knh nh (Small bore pipe): thng bao gm ng c ng knh nh hn
hoc bng 2 inch.
Tubing bao gm cc ng c ng knh ln n 4 inch nhng c dy thnh ng nh hn
hai loi trn v c kt ni vi cc compression fittings
(instruments).

H thng ng bao gm:

Pipe
Fittings (e.g. elbows, reducers, branch connections, etc.)
Flanges, gaskets, bolting
Valves
Pipe supports
Instruments.

1.1.1. Piping classcification

C 7 class sau (Theo ASME): 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 v 2500.

Chia Class ca piping cn c vo di p sut-nhit ca thnh phn chu p yu nht.

1.1.2. Cc tiu chun lin quan n vic to ra codes v material specification cho h thng
ng ng:

Cc tiu chun lin quan n vic to ra codes cho h thng ng ng:

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ANSI - American National Standardization Institute

Cc tiu chun ny a ra cc khuyn ngh k thut cho vic thit k h thng ng ca cc nh my

nng lng v ha cht. Chng bao gm:

Cc cng thc tnh ton dy ca ng ng.

Cc cng thc tnh ton dy extra m mt ng phi c khi kt ni vi mt nhnh.

Trang 5/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Cc quy tc cho vic phn tch ng sut.

Cc bng tra ng sut ln nht cho php i vi vt liu kim loi c xcnhn theo ANSI.

Piping Codes:

ASME B31.1 - Power Piping

ASME B31.2 - Fuel Gas .Piping

ASME B31.3 - Process Piping

ASME B31.4 - Liquid Piping

ASME B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping

ASME B31.8 - Gas Distribution and Transportation

ASME B31.9 - Building Service Piping

ASME B31.11 - Slurry Piping

Cc tiu chun lin quan n vic to ra material specification cho piping:

ASTM - American Society for Testing Materials

ASTM xy dng mt b tiu chun c tnh k thut vt liu c s dng trong cc ngnh
cng nghip.
Specifications bt u bng ch A c s dng cho thp. Specifications bt u bng
ch B c s dng cho kim loi mu (ng thau, ng thic, hp kim ng Niken, hp
kim nhm.v.v.). Specifications bt u bng ch D c s dng cho vt liu plastic
(nha PVC).
Mt ASTM specification khng ch th hin cc thnh phn ha hc c bn ca vt liu m
cn th hin qu trnh hnh thnh hnh dng cui cng ca sn phm.

API-American Petroleum Institute

Cc nguyn tc, ng dng v cc tiu chun du kh c ban hnh bi vin c p dng

cho hu ht cc cng ty du kh trn th gii.
Trong s nhiu tiu chun c ban hnh bi vin, c tiu chun API standard 5L c s
dng cho thit k ng ng Pipelines

1.2. Cc thnh phn piping: pipe, fitting, bolts, gaskets, valves, supports
1.2.1. Pipe

Pipe: ng c mt ct trn c kch thc ph hp vi tiu chun:

ASME B36.10M: welded and seamless wrought steel pipe
ASME B36.19M: Stainless steel pipe
Kch thc ca pipe: c xc nh bi ng knh ngoi ca Pipe (OD) v dy pipe.
Norminal pipe size (NPS): y l kch thc danh ngha ca pipe theo h inch.

Trang 6/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Cc NPS thng c s dng:

1/8, , 3/8, , , 1, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24,

28, 30, 32, 36, 40, 44, 4852, 56, 60

Cc NPS sau thng khng c s dng: 1 , 2 , 3 , 5

i vi cc ng c NPS 12 th OD NPS.
i vi cc ng c NPS 14 th OD = NPS

V d: Mt pipe c ghi kch thc l NPS 2 th c ngha l ng kch ngoi ca pipe l

2.375 inch (Tra bng kch thc tng ng trong ASME B36.10).

Nominal diameter (DN): y cng l ng knh danh ngha ca pipe nhng ghi trong h
Mt (Metric).

dy ca Pipe: c xc nh bng Schedule (SCH) hoc ch chnh xc dy thnh ng

(WT Wall thickness).
Schedule (SCH) c k hiu bi dy ch s:

5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 20S, 30, 40, STD, 40S, 60, 80, XS, 80S, 120,140,160, XXS

STD: standard wall thickness, XS: extra, XXS: double extra

K hiu S sau s SCH (10S, 20S) ch ra rng Pipe theo tiu chun ASME B36.19M, cho
Stainless steel pipe.
i vi cc ng c NPS 10, SCH 40 = STD
i vi cc ng c NPS 8, SCH 80 = XS

Trang 7/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Da vo NPS (DN) v SCH ta tra bng ra chiu dy ca ng tng ng.

1.2.1.2. Pipe material specification:

Vt liu ch to pipe phi ph hp vi iu kin lm vic (p sut, nhit , iu kin chng

n mn). Trong cc h thng ng ng ngoi khi (offshore), 95% pipe c ch to t vt liu
thuc Grade B, ph hp vi ASTM A106 hoc API 5L specification.

ASTM A106: Specification for seamless Carbon steel high temperate service. Pipe vi
material specification ASTM A106 c th lm vic nhit t -290C n 2040C, ng knh
ng t 2 inch (50mm) ti 24 inch (609mm).
API SPEC 5L: Specification for line pipe Line pipe vi Spec 5L grade B c s dng
ph bin cho cc ng pipe line, vi ng knh ln ti 80 inch (2032mm). Specification API
Spec 5L cng bao gm c cc ng High strength steel pipe nh API 5L Grade X52, API 5L
grade X65(API 5L Grade X52 th yield strength ca pipe = 52 000 psi).
ASTM A333: Specification for seamless and welded steel pipe for low
temperature service. S dng trong cc ng ng lm vic nhit thp, c bit l ti
cc ng vent p sut cao (ng x kh) do trong qu trnh kh thot ra ngoi (gim p t ngt),
nhit pipe s b gim mnh. C th lm vic nhit t -460C n 3430C, mt s Grade c th
chu c nhit ti -1960C
A312: Specification for seamless and welded Austenitic stainless steel pipe. S dng cho
cc h ng ng lm vic trong mi trng c tnh n mn cao hoc yu cu v sch ( v d
cho cc h thng bm ha cht (chemical injection) hoc ng h thng phn phi xng cho sn
bay (helifuel distribution system). Grade TP316L thng c s dng nht.
ASTM A790 (Duplex): Specification for seamless and welded Ferritic/Austenitic stainless
steel Tube for general service. Pipe vi spec ASTM A790 c cng cao v chng n mn tt nn
thng c s dng trong cc ng ng dn du/kh c n mn cao, cc ng Subsea
pipeline, hoc weldhead manifolds, c bit dng cho cc ng ng dn cht c chua ln. Tuy
nhin ng loi ny c gi thnh rt t.
CUNIFEER: l hp kim ca ng v nikel vi t l 90/10, thng s dng trong cc ng
cu ha, ng dn nc bin do c kh nng chng n mn bi nc bin tt.
ng Gre: Dng cho cc h thng nc thi, (Open Drain System), h thng phng chng
chy (fire system).

1.2.1.3. Cc loi u ng v cc kiu lin kt ng.

ng c th bao gm cc kiu u ng sau:

Plain ends c u ng to thnh tit din trn, vung gc vi ng sinh ng v c khot

b cc vt chy hai u. Loi u ng ny c s dng trong mechanical couplings, socket weld
fittings hoc slip-on flange.
Beveled ends c yu cu vi cc mi hn butt weld.
Threaded ends thng c s dng vi cc mi ni ren.
Kiu lin kt Butt Welded: s dng rng ri trong cc h thng ng ng, c thchu c
p sut lm vic cao. Mi hn butt welded yu cu phi m bo cht lng mi hn cao v thng
phi c kim tra khng ph hy (NDT) sau khi hn.

Trang 8/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Kiu lin kt Socket Welded: S dng cho cc ng ng Utility System vi ng knh

ng khng vt qu 3 inch (75mm) hoc cho cc ng ng dn du, kh vi ng knh ng
khng vt qu 2 inch (50mm).

Kiu lin kt threaded: s dng trong Utility Systems vi p sut lm vic thp hoc c th
cho cc ng ng dn du/kh vi ng knh ng khng vt qu 2 inch (50mm).

1.2.2. Pipe fittings

Cc Fittings cu thnh h thng ng ng thc hin mt trong cc chc nng sau:

Vn chuyn lu cht: pipe

Thay i phng ca dng chy: elbows, tee
Thay i kch thc ca pipe: reducers, reducing tees, reducing couplings.
Lin kt cc pipe: flanges, unions.
Tch ri cc pipe: flanges, unions.
Cch ly dng chy: Spectacle blinds, Spades and Spacers
Kt ni vi nhnh: weldolets, threadolets, sockolets

Fittings phi c sn xut ring cho tng loi Pipe v tng loi kt ni nh: threaded, socket
welded hoc welded. Loi kt ni Socket welded v threaded fittings c th s dng cho h thng
ng ng c kch thc ln n 4 nhng thng thng khng c s dng cho h thng ng
ng c kch thc ln hn 2.

Welding fitting: Nhng fittings ny c lm t vt liu rn v c sn xut c hai dng

seamless v welded.

Trang 9/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Screwed fittings: Cc fittings ny c lm vi kch thc t 1/8 n 4 trong phm vi p

sut t 150, 300, 2000, 3000 v 6000 lbs. i vi cc fittings c di p sut 150 v 300 lbs c
lm bng vt liu c. Cc fitting khc th c lm bng vt liu rn.

Socket Weld Fittings: Loi fitting ny c mt ci hc hoc phn m rng ng trt vo,
sau khi fitting v ng lp rp ng v tr, mt mi hn c thc hin c nh v tr ng v
fitting. Nhng fittings ny c th c lm bng thp carbon, thp khng r, hp kim, hp kim
niken vi di p sut 3000, 6000 v 9000lbs.

Trang 10/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Fittings thng thng bao gm:

Flanges
Elbows (90 and 45) and reducing elbows
Tees , reducing tees, and cleanouts
Unions
Laterals
Reducers (concentric, eccentric)
Caps
Plugs
Nipples, couplings, and half-couplings.
1.2.2.1. Elbows
Elbows thng c s dng thay i phng ca ng. Chng c phn thnh ba loi c bn
sau:
Phn loi theo bn knh: c hai loi l Long radius (LR) v Short radius (SR). Loithng
c s dng l LR c bn knh cong bng 1.5 ln NPS i vi cc ng c NPS . Loi SR c
bn knh cong bng NPS.

Phn loi theo hnh dng: c reducing elbows. Loi elbows ny c gc 900 v c bn knh
cong bng 1.5 ln NPS ca ng s c thay i kch thc.

1.2.2.2. Return.
Return c s dng thay i phng ca dng chy mt gc 180 v thng c s
dng cho ng Vent trn Tank. Long radius return c bn knh cong bng 1.5 ln NPS.

Trang 11/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

1.2.2.3. Tee.

Tee thng c s dng to ra mt nhnh c gc 900 so vi phng ca dng chy. Tee c

hai dng equal Tee v reducing Tee. Equal Tee c s dng khi ng knh ca nhnh v ca
tuyn ng chnh c cng kch thc. Reducing Tee c s dng khi nhnh c ng knh nh hn
ng knh ca tuyn ng chnh.

1.2.2.4. Crosses

Crosses c chc nng tng t nh Tee, c s dng to ra hai nhnh c gc 90 o theo

phng ca tuyn ng chnh. Crosses cng c hai dng straight v reducing crosses, c ch to
vi cc kiu kt ni butt weld, socket weld v thread. Tuy nhin crosses t c s dng trong
ngnh cng nghip du kh v ha cht. Chng thng c s dng ni c yu cu khng gian
hn ch, trong ngnh cng nghip ng tu.

1.2.2.5. Caps and Plugs

Caps v Plugs thng c s dng kt thc u ng. Caps c th c ch to hai dng

kt ni weld hoc threaded v Plugs c sn xut dng kt ni threaded.

1.2.2.6. Reducers

Reducers thng c s dng khi mun thay i ng knh gia hai phn ng kt ni theo
cng mt phng. C hai loi Reducer: concentric reducers v eccentric reducers.

Trang 12/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

1.2.2.8. Couplings

Coupling thng c s dng ni hai male pipe ends li vi nhau. Couplings c ba loi:

Full coupling
Haft coupling
Reducing coupling.

1.2.2.9. Swage nipples

Swage nipples c chc nng tng t nh reducers v thng c s dng trong

cc h thng ng nh. Chng gm hai loi concentric v eccentric vi nhiu loi kt ni.

Nhng loi kt ni thng dng l:

PBE = Plain Both Ends

BBE = Beveled Both Ends
TBE = Threaded Both Ends

1.2.2.10. Unions

Unions thng c s dng trong h thng ng c p sut thp, ni m yu cu vic tho lp

thng xuyn.

Unions c ch to hai dng threaded ends v socket weld ends. Mt union c ba phn, hai
phn c ni vi hai u ng, phn cn li kt ni hai phn kia.

Trang 13/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

1.2.2.11. Special Fittings.

Hai loi fitting c bit thng dng gm:

Weldolet
Sockolet

Cc loi fitting trn thng s dng khi cn lin kt ng ng chnh (run pipe) c kch thc
ln hn nhiu so vi ng nhnh (branch).

Weldolet v Sockolet l loi Fitting thuc loi t gia cng (self reinforced fitting).

Weldolet s dng cho lin kt Butt weld.

Sockolet s dng cho lin kt socket weld.

1.2.3. Flanges

Flanges c s dng khi mi ni cn tho lp, chng c s dng ch yu cc thit b, van,

bmTrn cc tuyn ng yu cu vic bo tr thng xuyn th cc break out flanges c b tr
nhng khong cch xc nh trn tuyn ng. Mt mi ni Flanges bao gm: Flanges, gasket v
bolting. Phn loi Flanges c da vo nhiu cch khc nhau nh sau:

1.2.3.1. Da vo cch thc lin kt vi ng.

Trang 14/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Flanges c th c phn loi da vo cch thc lin kt vi ng nh sau:

Welded neck: Flange c hn i u vo ng ti v tr c ca flange v vy mi hn ny

c th c kim tra cht lng bng phng php chp nh phng x, weld neck flange thng
c s dng trong cc ng dng quan trng

Slip on: Flange c lp trt ln trn ng sau hn fillet weld.

Blind Flange: c dng bt cc u ng, valve, valve bmdng trong kim tra h
thy lc.

Socket weld Flange: ng lp trt vo rnh ca flange, sau hn fillet bn ngoi

Threaded flange: Dng kt ni vi cc b phn c ren dng cho p sut thp, t quan trng

Lap Joint: Rt c a thch dng trong cc ng dng c p sut thp v d dng trong tho
lp v iu chnh thng.

Trang 15/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

1.2.3.2. Da vo di p sut v nhit

Theo ASME B16.5 Forged steel flanges c ch to ch yu gm 7 loi theo ratings: 150
#, 300 #, 400 #, 600 #, 900 #, 1500 #, 2500 #
Theo API Spec 6A: Wellhead equipment: 2000, 3000,5000,10000.
Pressure Temperature Rating (Di p sut nhit ): ng vi mi Flange Class, ti mi
nhit lm vic, Flange c kh nng chu c mt p sut lm vic tng ng.

1.2.3.3. Da vo Facing

Flanges cng c th c phn loi da vo Facing nh sau:

Flat face (FF)

Raised face (RF)
Ring type joint (RTJ)

1.2.4. Gasket

Gasket l mt thnh phn dung bt kn mt tip xc gia 2 flanges. Gasket bao gm cc loi sau:

Spiral Wound Gaskets.

Ring-Joint Gaskets.

1.2.4.2. Cc tiu chun v Gasket

ASME B16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges, Ring Joint, Spiral Wound
ASME B16.21 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
API 6A Specification for Wellhead and Christ-masTree Equipment

1.2.5. Bolts and Nuts

Botting: bao gm studbolts, nuts v Washer. Bolts thng c s dng theo b l bi s

ca 4, vi 4 l s nh nht.

Trang 16/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Cc tiu chun v Boltting:

ASME B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads
ASME B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
ASME B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
Bolts thng c ch to t 4 nhm vt liu:
Carbon steel.
Low alloy steel.
Stainless steel.
Exotic material.

1.3. Valves
Valve l mt thit b c kh c s dng iu khin lu lng v p sut ca lu cht trong h
thng cng ngh. Valve c cc chc nng chnh sau:

ng M dng chy
iu tit lu lng
Chng chy ngc
iu chnh hoc gim p trong ng ng.

Valve c th c phn loi theo nhiu cch khc nhau. V d nh phn loi theo

chc nng, phn loi theo phng thc vn hnh, phn loi theo chuyn ng c hc, phn loi
theo rating

Valves thng c cu to gm cc b phn chnh sau:

Valve Body
Valve Bonnet
Valve Trim
Valve Disk
Valve Seat(s)
Valve Stem
Valve Packing
Valve Actuator

Trang 17/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Valve Body

Thn Valve l thnh phn chnh ca Valve, l b phn lin kt cc b phn khc ca Valve. N
nhn u vo, u ra ca piping thng qua cc mi lin kt butt welded, socket welded, threaded
hoc flanged. Thn valves c th c ch to bng phng php c hay rn theo nhiu hnh dng
khc nhau ty theo tng loi valve.

Valve Bonnet

Valve Bonnet l thnh phn chnh th hai ca valve, c s dng che phn h

trn thn valve. Bonnet cng c ch to theo nhiu loi khc nhau, c loi ch m nhn chc
nng n gin l lm np y cho valve, nhng loi khc cn c chc nng support cho cc b phn
bn trong valve nh: stem, disk v actuator.

Bonnet cng c ch to theo phng php c hay rn vi vt liu tng t nh thn valve
v c lin kt vi thn vavle bng cc mi ghp threaded, bolded hoc welded.

Valve Trim

Cc b phn bn trong valve c gi chung l valve trim. Trim bao gm: disk, seat, stem v
sleeves c s dng dn hng cho stem.

Disk

Disk l thnh phn chnh th ba ca valve, n cho php iu tit hoc ngng dng chy qua
valve. Khi valve v tr ng, ton b p sut ca h thng tc ng ln disk, do disk l thnh
phn chu p sut. Disk thng c rn, trong mt s trng hp n c gia cng b mt. Hu
ht cc valve c t tn theo thit k ca disk. V d trong trng hp Plug hoc Ball Valve, disk
c gi tn tng ng l Plug hoc Ball.

Trang 18/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Seat

Mt Valve c th c nhiu Seat, trong trng hp globe hoc swing-check valve thng c mt
seat, c hnh dng ng kn Disk dng dng chy. Trong trng hp Gate valve, c hai seats,
mt pha upstream v mt pha downstream. vic ngng dng chy ca disk c tt, th
yu cu b mt seat phi c gia cng tinh. Trong mt s thit k, trong thn valve c gia cng
lun b mt seat. Cc trng hp thit k khc, forged seal rings c bt ren hoc hn vo thn
valve. tng kh nng chng mi mn, b mt ca seat hoc seal rings thng c tng cng.

Stem

Stem l b phn lin kt gia handwheel hoc actuator v disk. Stem cung cp chuyn ng cn
thit ti a ng m valve.

Stem thng c rn v c lin kt vi Disk bng mi ni ren hoc hn. ngn chn s r
r, yu cu phn stem trong khu vc seal cn c gia cng tinh.

1.3.1 Van ca (Gate Valve)

L mt trong nhng loi van c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip, van ca ng dng chy
khi n chn ngang qua ton b dng chy, khi van c m hon ton th ca ca chng khng
nm trong dng chy ca vt cht. Lc ny cn tr dng chy ca van l rt nh c ngha l s
st p hay mt nng lng khi qua van c hn ch mc nh nht.

Khi ca van chuyn ng xung chng s chn ng dng chy v to nn kn gia n v

hai vng tip xc. Khi ca van chuyn ng ln xung s sinh ra lc ma st gia ca van v 2 vng
tip xc do s gy ra s mi mn cc phn tip xc ny.

Trang 19/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Ca van trng hp B s b mi mn nhiu hn trng hp A, nu ca van v cc vng tip

xc b mi mn nhiu th chng s khng cn tc dng lm kn ton b dng chy khi v tr ng.
V van ca b mi mn khng ng u khi v tr iu tit nn thng thng s khng s dng
loi van ny vo mc ch iu tit dng chy.

1.3.2 Van cu (Globe valve)

Dng chy i qua van ca l dng chy thng hng, trong van cu dng chy i qua van b chuyn
hng.

S chuyn i dng chy ny s to nn s cun xoy v p sut qua van ca dng chy cng b
gim nhiu hn, do nng lng i hi chuyn dng cht lng qua van cng ln hn. Trong
van cu s mi mn do ma st sinh ra l rt nh, do vy trong cc ng dng cn phi vn hnh van
mt cch thng xuyn th van cu l loi thch ng hn.

Trang 20/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

1.3.3. Van nt (Plug valve)

Phn iu chnh dng chy (disc) c dng nt. Disc c ch to bng kim loi v c khe h
xuyn sut cho dng chy i qua. V tr ca van c iu chnh bng vic vn tay quay. Khi tay
quay nm song song vi ng ng th van v tr m. Khi van v tr m th dng chy i qua
van l ng thng, cn khi n v tr iu tit th dng chy qua van s to xoy v xy ra s st
p.
Van nt thng khng c dng cho vic iu chnh dng chy v khi v tr iu tit th disc
s chu mi mn khng ng u.

1.3.4 Van bi (Ball valve)

Van bi c qu trnh vn hnh tng t nh van nt, phn iu chnh dng chy c cu to trn
v c l cho lu cht i qua. V hnh dng ca chng nn van bi c trn v vn hnh d dng hn
van nt. Van c cn tr dng chy nh nn s st p v hin tng to xoy khi dng chy qua
van cng rt nh. Van bi thng khng c s dng iu chnh dng chy v khi v tr iu
tit th ca van nm trong dng chy s b mi mn nhiu hn.

Trang 21/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

1.3.5 Van bm (Butterfly valve)

Van bm c a van l tm kim loi c th xoay 90 trong chu vi vng lm kn . T l dng

chy c iu chnh bng vic thay i gc ca van.

T l dng chy t mc ti a khi a van nm song song vi ng ng, v tr ny th cn

tr dng chy ca van l nh nht do s to xoy v st p khi dng chy qua van l rt nh. Khi

Trang 22/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

van bm ch c m mt phn th dng chy c chia ng u c 2 pha do van bm c

th c dng iu tit dng chy. Khi van bm v tr iu tit th phi cht n li ti v tr
v p sut ca dng chy c xu hng a a tr v v tr ng hay m hon ton.

1.3.6 Van mt chiu (Check valve)

Trang 23/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

WAFER CHECK VALVE

1.3.7 Needle Valve:

Trang 24/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Needle Valves thng c s dng iu chnh tinh lu lng ca dng chy. N thng
c s dng nh nhng b phn ca cc loi valve khc, cc valve phc tp hn. V d chng
c s dng trong mt s loi Reducing Valve.

Needle valve cng c s dng trong mt s thnh phn ca h thng iu khin qu trnh t
chy t ng ni yu cu lu lng c iu chnh chnh xc.

1.3.8 Van an ton (PSV)

L c cu van t ng x kh, nhng h thng khc khi p sut vt qu gii hn cho php ci
t trc .

1.3.9 Van iu khin (Control valve)

L loi van t iu chnh v tr ca ca valve thng qua thit b iu khin, nhiu loi van iu
khin bng tay c th lp thm c cu dn ng vo thn van tr thnh valve iu khin.

Trang 25/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Trang 26/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

CHNG 2: MT S H THNG NG NG OFFSHORE

H thng Piping trn gin khoan c th chia thnh 2 nhm chnh: Hydrocarbon

process v Utility.

2.1. Hydrocarbon Procces System

Gas/oil process: y l h thng ng ng chnh, chia tch nc, kh..hoc bt k cht bn
no cn tr s vn chuyn ra khi sn phm hydrocarbon.

V d: H PG (Process Hydrocarbon Gas), PL (Process Hydrocarbon Liquid)

Fuel Gas: Cung cp kh cho chy cc my pht in.

V d: H GF (Fuel gas)

Power Gas: Cung cp kh iu khin cc Valves.

V d: H GI (Instrument gas)

Vent System: C HP (high pressure) v LP (low pressre)

HP Vent system: Dng h p ti cc bnh p lc trong trng hp Shutdown khn cp
(emergency shutdown ESD) hoc gim p bi PSV (pressure saftyvalve). H thng s thi
kh qua lm sch vo khng kh ti v tr an ton.
Low vent pressure: Tng t HP vent system nhng hot ng vi p sut

thp.

V d: H VA (Atmospheric vent)

Flare System:Tng t nh Vent System nhng Gas s c t b cui ng Flare

Boom. Flare system lp t ti gin khai khc du khi m Gas phi thi b tng i ln v khng
th thi trc tip ra khng kh.

V d: H VH (Pressure vent high), VL(Pressure vent low)

Corrosion inhibitor: bo v ng Carbon, thng s dng hn hp Cronox 638S vi

Methanol hoc Monoethylene Glycol MEG (20/80%). c bm vo ging,hoc Subsea pipeline.
Hydrate inhibitor: S dng Methanol; Monoethylene Glycol MEG; triethyleneGlycol TEG

2.2. Utility System

Fire system: h thng phng, cha chy.

V d: H WF (Fire water)

Seawater service: Cung cp cho vic lm sch ( ra sn, toilet)

Trang 27/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

V d: H WS

Portable water: Cung cp nc sch cho sinh hot (T tu cung cp, hoc tch lc t nc
bin).

V d: H WE (Fresh water)

Compressed air: Cung cp t bnh cha kh (p sut lm vic khong 7 bar), chia

lm 2 loi:

Instrument air: Cung cp kh kh, sch cho iu khin cc thit b. Kh trc khi cung cp
cho thit b c i qua thit b sy lm kh, ri i qua bnh lc.

V d: H AI (Instrument air)

Utility air: Cung cp kh cho cc mc ch khc nhau nh khi ng ng c diesel, iu p

bnh phn phi nc, cp kh cho cc dng c cm tay (hand tools), my bm v cc thit b c
th mang theo khc.

V d: H AU (Ultility)

Diesel Fuel: Cung cp Diesel cho Cn cu (Crane), lifeboat, my pht in d phng hoc
khn cp. Diesel c cung cp t thuyn v c cha trong cc b cha (trong b crane hoc
chn gin).

V d: H DF (Diesel fuel)

Helifuel: Cung cp nhin liu cho my bay.

V d: H HF (Heli fuel)

Drain (h thng thi): Thi nc khng s dng xung bin.

Open drain Non-hazardous: Thi nc c cha t cht c hi nht (nc ra sn khu
vc an ton, nc ma) xung thng cha nc thi t di bin (overboat open drain
caisson).
Open drain Hazardous: Dn nc thi ra t mt khu vc khng an ton.
Close drain: Thi nc tch ra trong cc qu trnh cng ngh.

V d: H DC (Closed drain), DO (Open drain)

Sewage system: Grey water v Black water.

V d: H WW (Sewage)

Trang 28/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

CHNG 3: CC LOI BN V PIPING

3.1. Cc loi bn v Piping.

Process drawings:
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
UFD (Utility Flow Diagram)
UPD (Utility Philosophy Diagram)
P&ID (Piping and Instrument Diagram)
Equipment layout
Piping plan
Support plan
Penetration Plan
Piping Isometric
Pipe Support

3.2 Process drawings.

PFD (Process Flow Diagram)

Bn v s b tr th t ca thit b, piping v instrument thc hin mt qu trnh cng

ngh. Bn v PFD khng th hin Piping rating cng nh tn cc ng ng, khng th hin cc h
thng ph (nh cc ng drain, ng by pass, cc thit b v valve ng, thit b an ton) Bn
v PFD l mt dng s thng c s dng trong k thut xc nh th t b tr ca thit b,
piping, instrument thc hin mt qu trnh cng ngh. Mt thut ng khc c s dng ch
bn v PFD l Flowsheet.

UFD (Utility Flow Diagram)

Trn bn v UFD th hin piping, valves v instrument cho cc chc nng c bn ca nh my.
Cc ng chc nng l cc h thng phc v cn thit cho cc chc nng ring bit ca nh my.
Cc ng chc nng ny tng t nh cc ng chc nng c s dng trong mt ngi nh
nh: h thng nc, ga v h thng nc thi

P&ID (Piping and Instrument Diagram)

P&ID (Piping and Instrument Diagram): L bn v s h thng piping, thit b v instrument

v cc tn hiu iu khin (gn ging bn v PFDS nhng chi tit hn. Trn bn v ny ta bit c
cc thng s k thut v tn cc thit b, tn cc line, kch thc pipe v cc fitting, ng i ca
cc loi tn hiu iu khin ti cc thit b).

P&ID ng vai tr quan trng trong vic th hin trnh t vt l ca thit b v h thng, cng
nh cch cc h thng ny kt ni. Trong giai on thit k, s cng cung

cp c s cho vic pht trin cc s iu khin h thng, cho php nghin cu hazard v
Hazop.

Trang 29/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

3.3 Equipment layout

Equipment layout l mt s th hin tt c cc thit b hin ti v s c lp t trong tng

lai theo khu vc cng ngh. N th hin s b tr cc thit b trn tng snbao gm ch s vit
tt (tag number ca thit b), to v cao ca tng thit b, kch thc tng th thit b, khong
cch t thit b ti cc ct

3.4. Piping plan

L bn v hnh chiu cc ng ng (Nm trong khong v tr t mt sn chiu ti mt sn k
tip) ln mt sn vi cc thng s v tn ng, ta im u, cui, tn cc i tng c bit
trn ng (V d: tn cc special items, thit b instruments). Kt hp bn v Piping plan vi
bn v Isometric khi cng lp t ng ng.

3.5 Support plan

L bn v hnh chiu cc Supports (Nm trong khong v tr t mt sn chiu ti mt sn k
tip) ln mt sn vi cc thng s v tn Support, ta

3.6 Penetration Plan

L bn v ch cc v tr c ng ng xuyn qua sn.

3.7 Piping Isometric

L bn v ca tng on Piping ring, t y cho bit kch thc cc spool, to , cao ca tng
pipe, cch lp rp, v tr cc mi hn, phng php hn, ..

3.8 Pipe Support

L bn v chi tit Supports

Trang 30/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

CHNG 4: GIM ST CHT LNG THI CNG NG

4.1 Quy trnh hn:

Quy trnh hn do k s hn lp ra v phi c khch hng, ng kim chp thun trc khi
p dng vo d n.
Trong mi mt d n ta c nhiu WPS c p dng , cn c vo vt liu, ng knh,
chiu dy mi ni ta s dng cc WPS khc nhau.

4.2 Th hn:
Th hn phi c thi st hch (WPT) v c cp chng ch bi ng kim c khch
hng chp nhn.
Danh sch th hng phi c khch hng ph duyt, da vo t trng s b tr th hn
mt cch ph hp nht.

4.3 Kim sot tay ngh th hn:

Tay ngh th hn s c gim st hng tun thng qua t h hng hng, mi d n t l ny
c th l khc nhau.
4.4 Kim tra v hiu chun thit b hn
Tt c cc my hn/t sy, t que hn s dng cho d n u phi c hiu chun v theo
di thng xuyn.
4.5 c bn v Piping
Ngi gim st cht lng phi m bo c v hiu bn v: piping plan, equipment layout,
isometric, piping support, P&ID
4.6 Kim tra lp
Cn c vo WPS s c p dng i vi mt mi hn c th, nhng yu cu ca vic lp
c trnh by trong mi WPS (gc vt, khe h, )
Cng vic hn nh phi c thc hin bi th hn hoc th hn nh c ph duyt v
phi cng phng php hn.
B mt mi ghp phi v sinh sch s, khng c dnh du m, nc, g st hay bt k s
bm dnh no khc.

4.7 Kim tra trc khi hn

Tt c cc WPS c ph duyt phi c dn gn v tr hn gim st v th hn tham
kho. Th hn phi bm st vo cc thng s c ch r trong WPS, gim st phi m bo
rng th hn tun th trit WPS.
Que hn s dng phi c kim tra k v thng s k thut, loi que hn v kch thc
quy nh trong WPS.
Kim tra th hn ghi trn bng hn phi c tn trong danh sch c ph duyt, t trng
phi chn nhng th hn ph hp v tr th hn c qualified.
Khi thc hin cng vic hn, vic che chn v tr hn phi c b tr ph hp trnh cc
iu kin bt li ca mi trng.

4.8 Kim tra trong khi hn

Nhit gia cc lp hn v thng s hn (dng in, tc hn, ) phi c kim sot
trong sut qu trnh hn (da vo WPS c ph duyt).
Ch c ly h quang trc tip trn mi hn v khng c tin hnh cc v tr khc.
Kim tra rng lc que khng c vt qu gi tr cho php ghi trong quy trnh hn.

Trang 31/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Bt c vt qut h quang no cng phi c mi, MPI

Trnh lm ngui t ngt mi hn.
Que hn lun lun c gi trong t sy.

4.9 Kim tra sau khi hn

Gim st phi cng cp yu cu kim tra sau khi hn cho QC inspector.
Vic kim tra s c tin hnh sau bao gm cc ni dung:
Bin dng mi hn.
Khuyt tt trn b mt mi hn: trn lp, chy chn, khng y
Nhn bit mi hn v th hn.
H quang trn b mt.
Kim sot bin dng sau khi hn.

4.10 Hon thin h s:

H s fit up, visual, NDT, PMI, PWHT, ferrite

4.11 Gim st cng vic th thy lc

4.11.1 nh ngha:

Hydro Testing V Pneumatic Testing: l phng php th p lc p cho mt thit b hoc

mt h thng ng ng nht nh sau khi hon thnh qu trnh ch to v lp t.

Hydro Testing: L qu trnh test m dng nc lm mi cht test.

Pneumatic Testing: L qu trnh test m dng kh Nito or kh nn lm mi cht test.

4.11.2 Mc ch:
Kim tra c tnh v bn ca vt liu sau khi hon thnh vic ch to .

Kim tra s r r ca h thng gy ra bi tt c cc nguyn nhn lm h hng (mi hn, mi

ghp, vt liu).

Cng mt s yu cu kim tra khc nh Visual, RT, MPI nhm xc nh li ch thit thc
v cht lng v tnh n nh ca cc mi hn.

4.11.3 Quy trnh

Submit qui trnh hydrotesting & Pneumatic testing cho Client v Third Party review v
approve trc khi test.
Submit qui trnh Flange Management ( bao gm NTP v Contractor) cho Client v Third
Party review v approve trc khi test.

4.11.4 Chun b Test package:

Construction Team s da vo P&ID chia test packages, vic chia package l theo line
h, range p sut/class.

Da vo P&ID markup theo packages, lp hydrotesting register vi y cc thng tin:

Test Package Number, P&ID No, Line/spool No, System & Sub-System, design pressure, test
pressure, Test Medium, Type Test, ..

Trang 32/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

Test package s do construction engineering team chun b, sau chuyn cho Construction
team tin hnh cc cng vic tip theo. QC s lm u mi qun l, hon thin v chuyn h
s cho Client trc hnh hydrotest v pneumatic testing.
4.11.5 H s ca mt test package bao gm:
1) Test package line list (P02-A).
2) Pre-test check sheet (P03-A).
3) Punch list (P04-A).
4) Flushing certificate (P05-A).
5) Reinstatement certificate (P07-A).
6) Bolt tightening record
7) Pressure test certificate (P06-A).
8) P&ID Drawings (mark up P&ID and show limit of Test package).
9) Piping Isometric Shop Drawing, Pipe support drawing.
10) NDT Summary.
11) Chng ch Chart recorder.
12) Chng ch ng h p lc (Khng vt qu 6 thng).

4.11.6 Cc cng vic thc hin trc khi th

Xin giy php an ton v thng bo rng ri ton d n. (construction)

Kim tra cc ti liu, bn v trong package l y v hon thin.

Tesp apckage phi c Client ng v chp thun trc khi test.

Piping Supervisor phi Line check v m bo rng tt c ccline phi hon thnh phn
hotwork.

Nhng loi cc van, thit b instrument khng c lp trong qu trnh test.

Nhng van no, thit b instrument no c php test, phi tin hnh lp hon thin h
thng ngay nu v site.

Kim tra cng vic lp t bch m, gasket & bulng tm phi hon thin v m bo rng
tt c cc mi lp ghp phi c sit ng theo qui trnh flange mangement.

Kim tra cng vic sit bulng phi hon thnh.

Kim tra mi cht test phi sn sng.

Chart paper phi c Client k trc khi tin hnh Flushing v Test.

C lp khu vc test.

4.11.7. Tin hnh flushing

Thng bo cho Client v cc bn lin quan withness khi flushing.

Nc v kh kh dng flushing phi sch.

Bm nc vo tt c cc piping system ra sch cho n khi khng cn bi bn trong

ng.

Trang 33/34
Gii thiu c bn v Piping v hng dn gim st cht lng thi cng Piping

i vi h thng piping test bng kh Nito, phi bm kh vent point vi p sut min l 6-8
barg, cho n khi h thng ng c sch khng cn bi bn v c Client ng .
4.11.8 Tin hnh hydro test
Bm nuc in y vo h thng.
M valve x air v chy bm y ht kh trong h thng ra ngoi.
ng valve x air v vn hnh bm t t nng p sut trong h thng ln khong 1/4- 1/3 p
sut cn th.
Dng bm, ng valve c lp kim tra s r r ca h thng trong vng 15 pht.
Khc phc nhng s c r r v s c khc nu xy ra.
Sau khi cc b phn kt hp kim tra hon chnh v ng . Tin hnh test theo cc bc
qui nh r trong qui trnh test nh sau:
Tng p sut theo trnh t 4 bc: 0-25%, 50%, 75% v 100%, mi bc s hold 5 pht i
vi Pipe class<300# v 15 pht i vi pipe class 600#. Sau khi t p sut cn test 100%
th dng bm v c lp h thng, thi gian Hold l 1 hour, chnh p cho php l 10%.
Kim tra s r r trong thi gian HOLD, nu c phi gim p sut v x l s r r v tin
hnh bm li theo trnh t trn.
Sau thi gian hon thnh test trong thi gian HOLD 1hour v Client chp nhn, tin hnh
gim p theo trnh t 2 bc: 100%P-50% , thi gian HOLD l 5 pht v sau gim p v
0%.
Sau khi test xong tin hnh ra sch li, dng kh sch thi kh h thng v kt thc qu
trnh th p lc.
4.11.9 Tin hnh th pneumatic
Tin hnh test theo cc bc qui nh r trong qui trnh test nh sau:
Tng p sut theo trnh t 10%P v kim tra s r r, tip tc bm cho khi t p sut
100%. Sau khi t p sut cn test 100% th dng bm v c lp h thng, thi gian Hold l
1 hour, chnh p cho php l 10%.
Kim tra s r r trong thi gian HOLD, nu c phi gim p sut v x l s r r v tin
hnh bm li theo trnh t trn.
Sau thi gian hon thnh test trong thi gian HOLD 1 hour v Client chp nhn, tin hnh
gim p theo trnh t 2 bc: 100%P-50% , thi gian HOLD l 5 pht v sau gim p v
0%.
Sau khi test xong tin hnh ra sch li, dng kh sch thi kh h thng v kt thc qu
trnh th p lc.
4.11.10 Hon thnh gi test
Kt qu test s c cc bn k trn chart paper nghim thu.
K nghim thu cng vic Flushing.
K nghim thu cng vic test p lc.

Trang 34/34