Animal Cell Structure

The animal cell contains the following parts:

Cell Membrane is a thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell.
Nuclear Membrane: is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Nucleolus is an organelle within the nucleus.
Nucleus: is a spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus.
Centrosome (Microtubule Organizing Center): is a small body located near the nucleus it has a
dense centre and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made.
Lysosome (Cell Vesicles): is a round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive
enzymes.
Cytoplasm is the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Golgi Body is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located
near the nucleus.
Mitochondrion: Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane.
Ribosome is small organelles made up of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein
synthesis.
Vacuole is fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell.
Nucleopore is the tiny hole in the nuclear membrane, allows the movement of nucleic acids and
proteins in/out of the cell.
Plant Cell

The Cell Wall: It is a rigid layer that made up of cellulose. It is located outside the cell
membrane. It comprises of protein, polysaccharides and cellulose. The primary function
of the cell wall is to protect and provide structural support to the cell.
The formation of the cell wall is guided by microtubules. Some cell also comprises of the
secondary cell wall. It contains lignin and a secondary cell wall. The primary cell wall is
formed by cellulose laid down by enzymes.
Plastids: They are membrane bound articles that comprise of own DNA. They are
necessary to store starch, to carry out the process of photosynthesis and in the synthesis
of many molecules that are required for cellular building blocks. Some of the vital types
of plastids and their functions are stated below:
Leucoplasts: They are found in non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. They are
used for the storage of protein, lipid and starch.
Chloroplasts: It is an elongated organelle comprising chlorophyll. The chlorophyll
absorbs light energy from the sun and uses it to carbon dioxide and water to form
food for the plant.
Chromoplasts: They are heterogeneous, plastids organelle that is responsible for
pigment synthesis. They are also used for storage in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
Nucleus: It is a membrane-bound structure. The vital function of a nucleus is to store DNA
or hereditary material which include cell division, metabolism, and growth.
Nucleolus: It manufactures cells protein-producing structures and ribosomes.
 Nucleopore: Nuclear membrane is perforated with holes called as nucleopore that
allows proteins and nucleic acids.
The Central Vacuole: It occupies around thirty percent of the cells volume in a mature
plant cell. Tonoplast is a membrane that surrounds central vacuole. The vital function of
central vacuole apart from storage is to sustain maintain turgor pressure against the cell
wall. The central vacuole consists of cell sap. It is a mixture of salts, enzymes and other
substances.
Chloroplast: The chloroplasts is enclosed by phospholipid membrane. It is involved in the
process of photosynthesis. The shape of the chloroplast varies. The stroma is the fluid
within the chloroplast that comprise a circular DNA.

ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL