ANSYS كتاب

ANSYS
3418 _ 1037

.
) (ANSYS
.
. ) (1970

.

) (ANSYS-APDL
.

.

.
.

I

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I .................................................................................................................................
II .....................................................................................................................
:
2-1 1.................................................................................................................
2-1 1..........................................................................................
3-1 2....................................................................................................
4-1 ) (Save 6...............................................................................
5-1 )8..............................................(ANSYS
6-1 )9.................................................................. (Element Type
1-6-1 11 ...............................................................................
2-6-1 11 ...................................................................
3-6-1 12 ..............................................................................
7-1 )11 ............................................................ (Material Properties
8-1 )19 ........................................................................... (Modeling
1-8-1 21 .................................................................................
2-8-1 )28 ..................................... (Global Coordinate Systems
9-1 )11 ....................................................................... (Meshing
10-1 )13 ......................................................... (Boundary Conditions
11-1 )13 ................................................................................. (Loading
12-1 )11 ....................................................................... (Analysis Type
1-12-1 )18 ................................................................ (Static Analysis
2-12-1 )18 .................................................................. (Modal Analysis
3-12-1 )19 ........................................................... (Harmonic Analysis
4-12-1 )19 ............................................................ (Transient Analysis
5-12-1 )19 .............................................................. (Spectrum Analysis
6-12-1 )19 ............................................................... (Buckling Analysis
13-1 )31 ............................................................................... (Solve
14-1 )31 ........................................................................................... (Solve
15-1 )31 ............................................................................. (Postprocessor
II
16-1 31 ....................................................................................................
17-1 36 ....................................................................
18-1 38 ...............................................................
19-1 ) (Mouse 39 ...................................................................
20-1 01 ............................................................................
21-1 () )02 .......................................... (APDL
22-1 01 .......................................................................... :
:
1-2 )57 .................................................. (Keypoints
2-2 )85 ................................................................... (Nodes
3-2 ( )Truss Beam 117..............................................................
4-2 ( )Model Analysis 145................................................
5-2 ( )Harmonic Analysis 160..........................................
6-2 ( )Transient Analysis 175...........................................
7-2 ( )Buckling Analysis 191..........................................
:
1-3 ( )L 207............................................
2-3 228............................................................
3-3 242.................................................................
4-3 (260.......................................................... )Probabilistic Design
:
1-4 284............................................
2-4 (317.............................. )Beam
3-4 (343................. )Link180
4-4 (388............................................ )REINF264
5-4 410.............................................................
6-4 (438................................... )Parameters
7-4 (465........................................................................... )Joint
8-4 (489.............................................................................. )Contact
012.............................................................................................................
III
:
1-1:
) (ANSYS

:

:

(
)

(
)

2-1 :
:
. ):(Interactive Mode
)(Graphical User Interface
) (GUI :
) (Windows

. ):(Batch Mode

) (Input File )(Input Window
Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Dr. Mohmmad Seffo Tel: +963 933 69 03 51 E-mail: seffo1@yahoo.com
-1-
:

) (ANSYS Parametric Design Language )(APDL
) (Parameters
: ) (DO loops )(IF statements

. ):(Combined Mode

) (APDL )(GUI

) (GUI

3-1 :
:
START>All Programs> Mechanical APDL Product Launcher
) (1-1 ) (JobName
) (Browse... ) (Working Directory
) (Run
-1
-2
-3
) :(1-1 ( )Mechanical APDL Product Launcher

-2-
:
) (GUI
)(Output Window
1-3-1 ):(Graphical User Interface_ GUI

)(2-1
-1
)(Utility Menu
-5 -9
-2 )(Input Window )(Raise Hidden
)(Toolbar
-3 -6
)(Main Menu )(View Window
-4
)(Graphics Window
-8 -7
)(User Prompt Info )(Current Settings
) :(2-1 ()Graphical User Interface_ GUI
:
-1 ):(Utility Menu
:
:File .1

:Select .2
)(Components
:List .3
:Plot .4 ) (Keypoints
) (Nodes
:PlotCtrls .5
:WorkPlane .6 ) (WorkPlane

:Parameters .7

-3-
:
:Macro .8 ) (Macro
)(Toolbar
:MenuCtrls .9
:Help .11
-2 ):(Toolbar
) (SAVE_DB
) (RESUM_DB ) (Customized

-3 ):(Main Menu

) (3-1 :
:(Preference) .1 (
)
:(Preprocessor) .2

) :(3-1 :(Solution) .3
)(Main Menu

:(General Postpro) .4

:(TimeHist Postpro) .5

:(DesignXplorer) .6
:(Prob Design) .7 ) (Scatter ) (uncertainties

:(Session Editor) .8
:(Finish) .9
-4 ):(Graphics Window


-4-
:
-5 ):(Input Window

-6 ):(View Window

-7 ):(Current Settings
: ) (Mat
) (Type ) (Real ) (Csys )(Sec
-8 ):(User Prompt Info

: -9 )(Raise hidden
) (Input Window

2-3-1 ):(Output Window

(
).(4-1 )
) :(4-1 ()Output Window

-5-
:
4-1 ) (Save:
) (Undo

:

):(5-1
> Utility Menu> File> Save as
Directions > : c:/USERS :
Save Database to: 2-mesh.db :
>OK
D
C
A
) :(5-1
( ) :
Utility Menu> File> Save as Jobname.db
) (Toolbar )(Save-DB
( )

-6-
:
:
:
(> OK ) > Utility Menu> File> Resume from
:
Utility Menu> File> Resume Jobname.db
)(Resume -DB
)(Toolbar
:
:
Utility Menu> File> Exit
)(Toolbar )(Quit
) (6-1 ) (Save Everything
)(OK )(Resume -DB

) :(6-1
: :
Utility Menu> File> Write DB Log File
) (OK ).(*.lgw

-7-
:
5-1 ):(ANSYS
:
-1 )(Element Type
-2 )(Material Properties
-3 )(Modeling
-4 )(Meshing
-5 )(Boundary Conditions
-6 )(Loading
-7 )(Analysis Type
-8 )(Solve
-9 )(Postprocessor

:
) (Preference ) (ANSYS Main Menu o
) (7-1
) (Structural
) (ANSYS Main Menu :
Main Menu> Preference> Structural> OK
B
A
) :(7-1

-8-
:
6-1 ):(Element Type

) (8-1
:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add
D
C
) :(8-1
:
()
) (OK ) (Element Type
_ ) _(Solid185 ) (Solid

-9-
:
) (185
1-6-1 :
:
:
) () ( ) (
()
:

(
)
:

:
:
( )
( - - - - - )

:
( )
:

:
) (Beam
)(shell

- 10 -
:
2-6-1 :
.1 :

.2 ):(1D Elements

) (Link, Bar, Spar
( ) )(Beam
) (Linear ) (Quadratic )(9-1
I
I
K

)(Linear )(Quadratic
J J
) :(9-1 )(1D
.3 ):(2D Elements
)(2D Solid Elements

)(Shell Elements
) (Plate) (Shell )(Triangle
) (3 ) (Quadratic ) (6
) (Quadrilateral ) (4
)(8 )(10-1
L K K K K, L
L
O
P
N N M
M I
I L
J I J J
I J
) :(10-1 )(2D

- 11 -
:
.4 ):(3D Elements
) (11-1:
)1 "" ) :(Tetrahedron ) (4
) (Quadratic ) (10
)2 "" ) :(Prism ) (6
) (15
)3 " " ) :(Pyramid ) (5
) (13
)4 "" ) :(Hexahedron ) (8
) (20
-1 -1
)(Tetrahedron )(Tetrahedron
-2 -2
)(Prism )(Prism
-4 -4
)(Hexahedron )(Hexahedron
-3 -3
)(Pyramid )(Pyramid
. )(Quadratic .
) :(11-1 )(3D
3-6-1 :
( 165 )

) (

)(User define element
)(USER300

- 12 -
:
:(1-1)
SHELL Elements MESH Elements HF Elements BEAM Elements

SOLID Elements MPC Elements HSFLD Elements CIRCU Elements
SOLSH Elements PIPE Elements INFIN Elements COMBIN Elements
SOURC Elements PLANE Elements INTER Elements CONTAC Elements
SURF Elements PRETS Elements LINK Elements CPT Elements
TARGE Elements REINF Elements MASS Elements FLUID Elements
TRANS Elements ROM Elements MATRIX Elements FOLLW Elements

( 3-1) ( 2-1)
(Structural)
:(2-1)
Acoustic Thermal Explicit Dynamics Structural

Coupled-Field Electric Circuit Magnetic Electric Fluid
Infinite Matrix Combination Contact
User-Defined Reinforcing Meshing Load
(Structural) :(3-1)
-8 SOLID185
Structural Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
21 SOLID186
Structural Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
Structural Solid
11 SOLID187 3-D
Tetrahedral Structural Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
4 SOLID285
Tetrahedral Structural Solid
with Nodal Pressures
DOF: UX, UY, UZ, HDSP
8 SOLID65
Reinforced Concrete Structural
Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ

- 13 -
:
4 PLANE182
Structural Solid
DOF: UX, UY
8 PLANE183
Structural Solid
DOF: UX, UY
4 PLANE25 2-D
Axisymmetric-Harmonic
Structural Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
8 PLANE83
Structural Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
48 4 SOLID272
Axisymmetric
General Axisymmetric Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
General
96 8 SOLID273
General Axisymmetric Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
8 SOLSH190
Structural Solid Shell Structural
DOF: UX, UY, UZ 3-D
Solid Shell
4 SHELL181
Structural Shell
DOF: UX, UY, UZ, ROTX,
ROTY, ROTZ
8 SHELL281
Structural Shell
ROTY, ROTZ 3-D
4 SHELL28
Structural Shear/Twist Panel
DOF: UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, Structural
ROTY, ROTZ Shell
4 SHELL41
Structural Membrane Shell
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
2 SHELL208
Axisymmetric Shell
DOF: UX, UY, ROTZ
2-D
3 SHELL209
Axisymmetric Shell
DOF: UX, UY, ROTZ

- 14 -
:
2 SHELL61
Structural Shell
DOF: UX, UY, UZ, ROTZ
8 SOLID185
Layered Solid
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
21 SOLID186 Structural
Layered Structural Solid 3-D Layered
DOF: UX, UY, UZ Composite
8 SOLSH190
Solid Shell
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
2 BEAM188
Structural Beam
ROTY, ROTZ Structural
3-D
3 BEAM189 Beam
Structural Beam
ROTY, ROTZ
2 PIPE288
Pipe
ROTY, ROTZ
3 PIPE289
Pipe Structural
3-D
DOF: UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, Pipe
ROTY, ROTZ
3 ELBOW
Elbow 290
ROTY, ROTZ
2 LINK180
Structural 3-D Spar
(or Truss)
DOF: UX, UY, UZ Structural
3-D
2 LINK11 Line
Structural Linear Actuator
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
1 MASS21
Structural Mass Structural
3-D
DOF: UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, Point
ROTY, ROTZ

- 15 -
:
Interface 16 INTER194
Gasket
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
Gasket
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
3-D
Cohesive
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
Cohesive
Structural
DOF: UX, UY, UZ
Interface
Gasket
DOF: UX, UY
Gasket
DOF: UX, UY
2-D
Cohesive
DOF: UX, UY
Cohesive
DOF: UX, UY
Structural Multipoint MPC184
Constraint
(Link/Beam- Slider- Revolute-
Universal- Slot- Point-
Translational- Cylindrical- Structural
Planar- Weld- Orient- 3-D Multipoint
Spherical- General- Screw) 2 Constraint
3
ROTY, ROTZ
KEYOPT Dependent
:

(_ Beam188) ( _ 3D)

(3D) ( Shell181)

- 16 -
:
7-1 ):(Material Properties

(
) :
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material props> Material models
B
A
C
D
E
) :(12-1
) (12-1 :
Structural>Linear> Elastic> Isotropic
EX ( ) =
PRXY ( ) =

:
Material> New Material

:
):(Material Nonlinearity
( " " _" ")
) (13-1 :
)1
)2

- 17 -
:
)3 )(Viscoelastic
)4 - )(Viscoplastic

A A A
O B O B O B O

)4 - )3 )2 )1
)(Viscoplastic )(Viscoelastic )(Plastic )(Nonlinear Elastic
) :(13-1
) (14-1:
C
B F B C F
Y Y
)2 : D )1 :
Elastic-Strain Elastic-Perfectly D
Hardening Plastic Plastic Behavior
)(
Behavior A 'A A 'A

'F 'C 'F H 'C

H
C
F
B B C F
Y )( Y
)3 :
)4 : )(
)( )(
Rigid Elastic Strain D Rigid Elastic-
Perfectly Plastic D
Hardening Plastic
Behavior A 'A Behavior A 'A

H 'C 'F H 'C

'F
) :(14-1
):(Geometric Nonlinearity

( .

- 18 -
:
) :
) :(P-Delta o
) (Buckling
) :(Large Displacement )(Span o
) (Creep

) :(Stress stiffening o

8-1 ):(Modeling
) (15-1 :
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Create
) :(15-1
) (KeyPoints
) (meshing

: ( )
. :
) (Nodes


- 19 -
:
( )

. :

)(16-1

)(Areas
)(Lines

)(Keypoints

)(Volume
) :(16-1
:
):(Bottom-up modeling
) (KeyPoints
)(17-1
-1 -2 -3
) :(17-1
):(Top-down modeling
) (
( )
) (Primitives


- 20 -
:
) (ANSYS ) (Primitives ) (2D

) (3D )(18-1
Rectangle Circle Polygon
Block Cylinder Prism Sphere Cone Torus
) :(18-1 )(Primitives
:
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Create> Areas
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Create> Volumes
" "

1-8-1 :
) (ANSYS
) (Primitives ) (19-1
:
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Operate> Booleans
) :(19-1

- 21 -
:
)1 ):(Add

)(20-1
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Operate> Booleans> Add

V1
V2

A1

V3
A3
A2

( )
. .
) :(20-1
)2 ):(Subtract
)(21-1
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Operate> Booleans> Subtract
:
-11 -1
-12 -2
-13 -3
-14 -4
-15 -5
-16 -6
-17 -7
-18 -8
-19 -9
-11

- 22 -
:

L2 L1 L4
)(L1-L2
)(A1-A2
A4 L3
A1
A2
A3

)(L1-L2
L1
L2
A1 L3
)(A1-A2 A3
A2

-2 -1
L7
A1 )(L1-A1
L1 L6
)(V1-V2
L1 L6
V1 V3
A1 )(L1-A1
V2
-4 -3
L1 L7
L6
)(L1-V1

V1
A1
A5
)(A1-V1
)(L1-V1 L15
V1 V1
L1 L14
-6 -5

A1
V3
)(V1-A1
A1 )(A1-L1

A2
L1 A3
V2
V1
A2,A3
V2,V3
-8 -7

- 23 -
:
L2 L1 L2 L1
A1 A4
(L1+L2)-L3
A3 (A1+A2)-A3
L4 L5
L3
A2 A5

-11 -9
V1 V4
V3
(V1+V2)-V3

V2 V5
-11

(L1+L2)-V1 (L1+L2)-A1 L8
V1 L13 L16 L9
L2 A1 L10
L14
L1 L15
L1 L7

-13 -12

L1 (A1+A2)-L1 (A1+A2)-V1 A
A1 A3
A2

A1 A
A2 A4 A5
A6
V1

-15 -14
Working Plane
A2 )V1-(A1+A2
L2 A1
L1 V5
L1 V4
V1 V3V2

-17 -16

- 24 -
:
Working Plane
Working Plane
V1 V1
V2 A1
A1 A2
-19 -18
) :(21-1
)3 ):(Partition

) (22-1
)(Overlap
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Operate> Booleans> Partition
L1 L3 L8 L5 L6
L2 L4 L7
A1 A4
A5
A2 A6
V1 V3
A3 A3
V2
V4 A1 A5
V5 A3

V6
V5
A2 A6 A4
. .
) :(22-1

- 25 -
:
)4 ):(Intersect

)(23-1
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Operate> Booleans> Intersect
L1
A1
A2

L2
L2
L3
A1
A2
A3
L1
L2

-2 -1
V1
V2

L1
A1 L6 V1 V2 V3

L1,A1
-4 -3

V1
L1

L14

-6 -5

- 26 -
:
A1 A2 L1
A3
L2
L3

A1
A2 A4
L1
L3

A5
L2
A3

-8 -7
V1 V3
V2

V1 V2 V3 V5
V4
4
-9
) :(23-1
)5 ):(Glue

)(24-1
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Operate> Booleans> Glue
2 KPs 1 KP
A2 A3

A1 A4
L1 L2 L3 L4

. .
V1 V2 V3 V4

V3 V4 4
4
.
) :(24-1

- 27 -
:
)6 ):(Overlap

)(25-1
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling > Operate> Booleans> Overlap
L4
L5
L1
L2
L3
V1 V3
V2
V4 A2 A3
V5
A4
A1 A5
V6
V5

. .
) :(25-1
2-8-1 ):(Global Coordinate Systems

) (CS

) (26-1:
) :(Cartesian ) (X, Y, Z
) (C.S.0

:(Cylindrical) Z ) (R, , Z
)(C.S.1
) :(Spherical ) (R, , )(C.S.2
:(Cylindrical-Y) Y )(R, , Y
)(C.S.5
) (27-1 :
> Utility Menu > WorkPlane> Change Active CS to

- 28 -
:
y y y
Y
X x R x R x

z z z
)(Cartesian: X, Y, Z )(Cylindrical: R, , Z ) (Spherical: R, ,
) :(26-1
) :(27-1
:

)" )"Cylindrical: R, , Z ) (X) (Y) (Z
) (R) () (Z : ) (X
) (R) (Y ) (
):(Element Coordinate System
:
Plot Controls > Symbols > ESYS element coordinate system: On
: : )(X
: )(Y
: )(Z
: )(28-1
.1 :
) (X ) (I )(J
) (Z ) (Z )(Global Z-Axis

- 29 -
:
) (Y
O
P
L
N
M Y
Z Y
Y X
K J
K
L X I X
I
Z
J J
I
) :(28-1 ( )
.2 :
) (X ) (I )(J
) (Y ) (X
) (Z
: .3

:

( )
) (29-1
:
-1 :
Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Local Coordinate Systems > Create Local CS
o
o
-2 ( )11 :
> Main Menu > Preprocessor >Modeling> Move/Modify > Elements
> Modify Attrib
( ) o
) (Elem coord ESYS ) (11 :
Attribute to Change = Elem coord ESYS
New Attribute Number =11
> OK
o ).(coordinate system _CSYS

- 30 -
:
) :(29-1
9-1 ):(Meshing
) (Solid Model
) (FE ) (mesh ) (30-1 :
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing

) (Elements )(Nodes

) (Size Element Edge Length

(
) :(30-1
)

:


- 31 -
:
:
) (Free ) (Mapped
):(31-1
- ):(Free Mesh

) (high order tetrahedral ) (10
) :(31-1 ) (Mapped Mesh )(Free Mesh
- ):(Mapped Mesh
) (quadrilaterals
) (hexahedra

:

: ) (SmartSizing
)(Global element sizing :

):(SmartSizing

) (1
) (10
)(6 :
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing > Size Cntrls> SmartSize>Adv Opts

- 32 -
:
):(Global Element Sizing

:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing > Size Cntrls> ManualSize> Global> Size

)... .
) (Smart Mesh
.
:
).
:
.)...
: .)...
)(Mesh
).(Clear
) :(32-1

- 33 -
:
10-1 ):(Boundary Conditions

):(33-1
> Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement
) :(33-1
11-1 ):(Loading
( _ ) ) (34-1 ) (35-1:
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment >..
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure >..
) :(35-1 ) :(34-1

:
-1 ) (DOF Constraints

-2 ( )

- 34 -
:
-3 ( )
-4
-5
)(Coupled Field Loads -6
:
( )
( )
:
): (

): (
o
) (Currently active Element Coordinate System
) (Global Cartesian Coordinate System

o
)(Master Degrees of Freedom
) (Master DOF ) (Nodes
)(Keypoints
o
)(Constraint Expansion Option

o

- 35 -
:
( ):

)(Master Nodes
) (Constraint Expansion Option

( ):
o

o

:

)(SI

) :(4-1 )(SI
)(Forces )(Mass )(Length )(Time
N Kg m Sec
)(Stress )(Density )(Energy )(Temperature
Pa Kg/m3 J K
) (Rad
) (Deg :
Utility Menu > Parameters > Angular Units
:

(
)
:
: : )1
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Structural
:
> Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Write LS File
) (1 )(36-1

- 36 -
:
) :(36-1
: ) (2 )2
( )
)3 :
Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS

):(37-1
) :(37-1
)4 ) (38-1
:
Main Menu> General Postprocessor> Read Results > By Pick
) :(38-1
12-1 ):(Analysis Type

) (Static
) (39-1 :
Solution> Analysis Type> New Analysis Type> Static
- 37 -
:
) :(39-1
1-12-1 ):(Static Analysis

( )
(
)
) (Large Deflection
) (Large Strain ) (Hyper elasticity ) (Contact Surfaces
)(Creep

:

( )

( )
2-12-1 ):(Modal Analysis

) (Natural Frequencies
) (Mode Shapes

.

- 38 -
:
3-12-1 ):(Harmonic Analysis

)(Harmonically Loads ) (Cyclic Load
) (Cyclic Response
) (Harmonic response
) (Fatigue ) (Resonance
4-12-1 ):(Transient Analysis

) (Time-History Analysis

:
)( = . + . + .
:
: : : : :
: )( :
) (t
) (Inertia Forces )(Damping Forces
) (Newmark time integration method
).(HTT
5-12-1 ):(Spectrum Analysis

) (Model Analysis
) (Time-History Analysis
) (Response Spectrum ) (Random Vibrations

6-12-1 ):(Buckling Analysis

(
)
) (Eigenvalue

- 39 -
:
13-1 ):(Solve
:
Solution> Analysis Type> Sol'n controls

:
) (Time
) (Counter
) (Substep ) (Load Step
) (Time ): (40-1 ) (Time=1
) (Time=2
) _ (Time Step
)( )(Automatic Time Stepping
""Load ""Load

)Load Step (i+1

Load Step ) Load Step (i
Sub Step
Sub Steps
""Time ""Time
1 2 1 2
. . . .
) :(40-1 ) (Sub Step )(Load Step
14-1 ):(Solve
) (Solve ) (41-1
:
Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS


- 40 -
:
) :(41-1

) (42-1 :
)1 )**=(Time )4
)3 )(Absolute Convergence Norm
)5 )(F CRIT
)6 )(F L2
)2 )(Cumulative Iteration Number
) :(42-1
)1 )**= :(Time )(42-1

)(Iteration ) (Time
) (1

)2 ) :(Cumulative Iteration Number )(42-1
)(ANSYS
_" ) (Newton-Raphson "_


- 41 -
:

)3 ) :(Absolute Convergence Norm )(42-1
_
_
)( (Non-Normalized Values )
)(Normalized Values

)4 : )(42-1

:
)5 ) :(F CRIT )(42-1
) (Convergence Criteria Force Value
)(VALUE TOLER
) (VALUE ) (SRSS
) (MINREF ) (0.001
) (TOLER ) (0.5%

:
) (F CRIT !
) (Substeps

) (100N ) (20
) (2.5N ) (100N )(F CRIT
) (1/20 ) (F CRIT

- 42 -
:
)6 ) :(F L2 )(42-1
) (L2 Vector Norm of the forces ) (L2
) (SRSS ) (Imbalances
) (SRSS

) (ANSYS ) (F L2
) (F CRIT

) (F L2 ) (F CRIT
15-1 ):(Postprocessor
:
Main Menu> General Postprocessor

Main Menu> TimeHist Postprocessor
) (General Postprocessor
) (TimeHist Postprocessor

)(Time

16-1 :

-

) (Von Mises )(Tresca

- 43 -
:
. :

:
) (U0:
1
]) 0 = 2 [1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 2(1 . 2 + 2 . 3 + 3 . 1
:)Y (
1 2
0 = 2 [1 2 ] = 2
:
2 2 2 2
1 + 2 + 3 2(1 . 2 + 2 . 3 + 3 . 1 ) = 0
)(Y ) (
) ( :
) = 1 2 +2 2+32 2(1 .2 +2 .3 +3 .1
. ):(Von Mises
) (Von Mises ) (2D
)(3D
) (Von

1
]) 0 = 2 [1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 2(1 . 2 + 2 . 3 + 3 . 1
0 = +
(1 +2 +3 )2
=
18
(1 2 )2 +(2 3 )2 +(3 1 )2
= 12
:

=
)3(12
:UV
:UD
:E
:G
:

(1 2 )2 +(2 3 )2 +(3 1 )2 2
=
12 6

- 44 -
:
:
1
= 2
(1 2 )2 +(2 3 )2 +(3 1 )2
:
)(Von Mises :
:1 , 2 , 3
) (Von Mises :
1
1 2 2
= ]) [(x y ) +(y z ) +(z x )2 +6(xy 2 +yz 2 +zx 2
2
2
) (2D :
1 2
= 1,2
+
( ) + 4 2
2 2
)(XY ) (Von Mises

:
) = (x +y )2 3(x.yxy2
:
= = = 0
. ):(Tresca

.
= 1
2 = 0
3 = 0
0
= 2 = 2
:
| |2 3
= 1 2
| |3 1
= 2
2
| |1 2
= 3 2
) = max(1 , 2 , 3
):(Tresca
2 3 =
3 1 =
1 2 =
) (43-1 :

- 45 -
:
) :(43-1
17-1 :

:
):(1
) (44-1 :
> Utility menu> PlotCtrls> Capture Image
) (file>save as
) :(45-1 ) (2 ) :(44-1 ) (1

- 46 -
:
):(2
) (45-1 :
> Utility menu> PlotCtrls> Hard Copy>To File
) (Graphics Hard Copy
) Save to: Example000.bmp
OK

: ) (Example
) (000 ) (.bmp

):(3
) (46-1
:
Utility menu> PlotCtrls> Redirect Plots> To JPEG File

) :(46-1

- 47 -
:
18-1 :

) (File
) (extensions
) (beam
*.db- *.dbb- *.log- *.err- *.out- *.rst- *.esave- *.emat- *.mode- *.full- *.mntr- *.osave-
*.rdb- *.ldhi- *.avi-
:
:beam.db
) (Binary

:beam.dbb
) (Binary
:beam.log ) (text

:beam.err ) (text
:beam.out ) (text
)(Output Window

) :(5-1
Binary *.RST
)(Structural or Coupled
Binary *.RTH )(Thermal
Binary *.RMG )(Magnetic
ASCII *.SN )(Load Step
)ASCII (Special Format *.GRPH )(Graphics
Binary *.EMAT
)(Element matrices
:
Menu > File > ANSYS File Options

- 48 -
:
:
) :(*.db ) (GUI

) :(*.log
19-1 ) (Mouse :
) (47-1 :
: ( )

:

: " " ) (Pick " "
)(Unpick
) (Ctrl :
( +Ctrl ) :
( +Ctrl ) :
) (z

( +Ctrl ) :
) (Y
) (X

) :(47-1

- 49 -
:
20-1 :
:
)(ANSYS
( )

) (48-1 : )(Select Entities
Utility Menu> Select> Entities
:

:
) (By Num/Pick
) (By Locations
:(From Full)

:(Reselect)

:(Also Select)

:(Unselect)
) :(48-1
:(Select All) (
)(Select Entities
)
:(Invert)
:(OK)
:(Apply)
:(Replot)
:(Plot) ( )
:(Cancel)

- 50 -
:
:
: )(49-1
:(Pick/Unpick)
) (Pick )(Unpick

:(Single)

:(Box)

:(Polygon)

) :(49-1
:(Circle) ()

:(Count)
:(Maximum)
:(Minimum)
:(*** No.)
:
:
( :(List of Items)
) ) (,

- 51 -
:
:(Min, Max, Inc) ( )

) (, (1,5,2) : ) (2
)(1),(3),(5
:(OK) ( )

:(Apply)
:(Reset)
:(Cancel)
:(Pick All)
:(Help)
21-1 ()
):(ANSYS Parametric Design Language _APDL

) (Input Window
) (parameters
: ) (DO loops )(IF statements
:
(1 ( )

(2
)(undo
(3
) (Element type

)(Notepad (4
(5


- 52 -
:
22-1 :
) (50-1
)?= (Length )?= (Height
)?=(Division
Division
Height
Length
) :(50-1
( ) :
Finish
/clear
/prep7
( )

*ask,LENGTH,How long is the truss,100
*ask,HEIGHT,How tall is the truss,20 ( )
*ask,DIVISION,How many diagonals number,2 ( )
( : 2 21100 )
)DELTA_L = (LENGTH/DIVISION ( )

NUM_K = DIVISION + 1 ( )
COUNT = -1 ( )

X_COORD = 0 ( )
*do,i,1,NUM_K,1 ( : /1/
) ( NUM_K )/1/
COUNT = COUNT + 1
OSCILATE = (-1)**COUNT
) (1 ( /OSCILATE=(1)^ /
) (y=0
) (-1 )(y=h(
*if,OSCILATE,GT,0,THEN ") ( : OSCILATE "
k,i,X_COORD,0 ( /i/ /x= X_COORD / )/y=0/
*else ) (
k,i,X_COORD,HEIGHT
( /i/ /x= X_COORD / )/y= HEIGHT /

- 53 -
:
*endif
X_COORD = X_COORD + DELTA_L
*enddo
KEYP = 0 ( )
*do,j,1,DIVISION,1
( : /j/ /1/ / DIVISION/ )/1/
KEYP = KEYP + 1
)L,KEYP,(KEYP+1
*if,KEYP,LE,(DIVISION-1),THEN
)L,KEYP,(KEYP+2
*endif
*enddo
et,1,link180 ( ) / link180/
r,1,100 ( )/ 100/
mp,ex,1,200000 ( /ex/ ) /200000/

mp,prxy,1,0.3 ( / prxy / ) /0.3/
esize,,1 ( )/1/
lmesh,all ( )
finish
:
.1 ):(*ASK
) (*ASK
:
*ask,LENGTH,How long is the truss,100
:*ask
:LENGTH
: How long is the truss
:100 ) (Enter


- 54 -
:
.2 )=(:
) (ANSYS ) (*ASK

)(*SET
)=( : )=(

)(DELTA_L
DELTA_L = (LENGTH/(DIVISION/2))/2
NUM_K = DIVISION + 1
COUNT = -1
X_COORD = 0
.3 ):(*DO Loops
) (*DO
*do,i,1,NUM_K,1
COUNT = COUNT + 1
OSCILATE = (-1)**COUNT
X_COORD = X_COORD + DELTA_L
*if,OSCILATE,GT,0,THEN
k,i,X_COORD,0
*else
k,i,X_COORD,HEIGHT
*endif
*enddo
:
*DO, Par, IVAL, FVAL, INC
:*DO
:Par
:IVAL
:FVAL
:Par
:INC
(*do,i,1,10,1) :
) (i ) (1 ) (10 )(1

- 55 -
:
) (*ENDDO
)(*DO
) (*ENDDO
.4 ):(*IF

(*if,OSCILATE,GT,0,THEN) :
*if,OSCILATE,GT,0,THEN
k,i,X_COORD,0
*else
k,i,X_COORD,HEIGHT
*endif
:*if
:OSCILATE )(OSCILATE
:GT " "
) (OSCILATE :0
:THEN
:*else
:*endif

- 56 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
1-2 :
)(Keypoints
) (13 m ) (200mm ) (300mm
)(1-2
.
= 2 105 2
300 mm
`
: :
200 mm
.
).(Keypoints
6 KN/m.L 20 KN
m
.
.
2m 8m 3m
:
) :(1-2
-1 :
) (Preference ) (ANSYS Main Menu
)(Structural ) (2-2
.
1- Preference> Structural> OK
B
A
C
) :(2-2

- 57 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
-2 :
) (Preprocessor
. ) (ANSYS Main Menu
) (Beam188
) (UX,UY,UZ ) (ROTX,ROTY,ROTZ
) (3D .
):(3-2
>2- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Beam > 2node 188 > OK
> Close
D
C
) :(3-2

- 58 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
-3 :
( (
):(4-2
>3- Preprocessor> Material props> Material models> Structural>Linear> Elastic

> Isotropic
EX = 2e5 ) (2
( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
B
A
C
D
E
) :(4-2
-4 :
) (200mm ) (300mm
):(5-2
>4-1. Preprocessor> Sections> Beam> Common Sections
Name = b-200x300 ( )
( ) )( = Sub-Type
B = 200 )(mm ( )
H = 300 )(mm ( )
( Nd =0 ( )
) Nh =0 ( )
Apply> Mesh View> Preview> Ok
2. Plot> Replot

- 59 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
B
C
D
E
I F
J
H
G
) :(5-2
):(1
) (Sections> Beam> Common Sections
) (Nd, Nh
.
.
-5 :

: ) (Keypoints
.
) (6-2 ):(1-2
>5-Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS

NPT Keypoint Number = 1 ( )
X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 0 , 0 , 0 > Apply ( )
Y Z
A
) :(6-2

- 60 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
) (1-2:
) :(1-2
Keypoint X Y Z
Number )(mm )(mm )(mm
1 0 0 0 > Apply
2 0222 0 0 > Apply
3 12222 0 0 > Apply
4 10222 2 0 > OK
) (7-2 .
1 2 3 4
) :(7-2
):(2
) (Keypoint
) (Keypoint Number
.
-6 :

):(8-2
>6- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> Straight Lines

) (2-2:
) :(2-2
Point Point
)(1 )(0
1 2
2 3
3 4
> OK

- 61 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
1 2 3 4
) :(8-2
):(3
. ) (Keypoints )(Lines
) (Elements )(Mesh
:
>A-1. Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS
>A-0. Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> Straight Lines
>A-0. Meshing
) (Nodes ) (Elements .
( )
:
>B-1. Modeling> Create> Nodes> In Active CS
>B-0. Modeling> Create> Elements> Auto Numbered> Thru Nodes
-7 :
) (10mm
) (9-2):(10-2
>7- 1. Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls> Manual Size> Global> Size

)SIZE Element Edge Length = 10 (mm ( )
>OK
2. Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh > Lines> Pick All
3. Plot> Lines

- 62 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
) :(9-2
) :(10-2
( ) ) (Keypoints
):(11-2
4. PlotCtrls> Numbering> KP Keypoints Numbers : On

- 63 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
A B
) :(11-2
( ) ) (12-2
) (lines ) (Elements
:
Plot> Lines
1 2 3 4
) :(12-2
-8 :
) (13-2
) (14-2):(15-2
> 8- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Keypoints

>)>OK "1. ("0

- 64 -
(Keypoints( -1 :
LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = UX-UY-UZ-ROTX-ROTY )(

> Apply. { (14-2) } .
2. ("0" >) OK>

LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = UY-UZ-ROTX-ROTY ) (
> OK. { (15-2) } .
1 2 3 4
:(13-2)
:(14-2)

- 65 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
) :(15-2
-9 :
. :
) (20000N
) (16-2 ):(17-2
>9-a. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment> On Keypoints
>)>OK "1. ("4

Direction of Force/Mom = FY ( )
Value = -2e4 ) ( ( )
>OK
):(4

.

- 66 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
) :(16-2
A
) :(17-2
. :
) (6 N/mm.L
) (18-2 ):(20-2
>9-b-1. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Beams
>) " 5"( >>Box
> Zoom Model ( " "3 )
>> OK
Load Key =2 ( )
Pressure Value at Node I = 6 ) (/. ( )
>OK
0. Fit View

- 67 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
) :(18-2
):(5
- " "3 :
(Zoom Model ).(19-2 )
- ) (Pick ) (Pick .
C
B
3 A
) :(19-2 3 ( ) )(Zoom Model

- 68 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
A
) :(20-2
):(6
-
) (Y .
-
) (Y .
):(7
) (Apply PRES on Beams ) (20-2 :
) :(Load Key =1 ).(Z -
:(Load Key =2) - ).(Y

:(Load Key =3) - ).(X
:(Load Key =4) - ) (X ).(i
:(Load Key =5) - ) (X
).(j
):(8

) (21-2) (22-2):(23-2
>1) Select> Entities> Lines>OK
(>OK " "1">)"0
) 2) Plot> Replot (
3) Select> Entities> Elements> Attached to> Lines>Apply> Plot>Cancel

- 69 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
B
C
D B
A
A
E C
F
G
) :(22-2 ) :(21-2
4) Select> Comp/Assemply> Create Component
Cname Component Name =Pressure lines ( )
Entity Component is Made of =Elements ( ):
) :(23-2
5) Select> Everything
6) Plot> Multi-plots
):(24-2

- 70 -
(Keypoints( -1 :
1) Select> Comp/Assemply> Select Comp/Assemply>

By Component Name>OK>OK
2) Plot> Elements
:(24-2)
(Keypoints) ( Nodes)
:
1) Plot> Multi-plots
2) Select> Entities> Nodes> Attached to> Keypoints >Apply> Plot>Cancel
3) Select> Comp/Assemply> Create Component
Cname Component Name =Nodes at KPs )(
Entity Component is Made of = Nodes ):(
4) Select> Everything

- 71 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
-10 :
) (Solve ) (25-2
:
10- Solution> Solve> Current LS> OK> Close
)(Solution is Done
.
A B
) :( 25-2
-11 :
1-11 :

) (26-2):(27-2
>11- 1. General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape
1. Def Shape Only > Apply
2. Def + undeformed > OK
A C
) :(26-2

- 72 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
) :(27-2

) (28-2):(29-2
>11- 2. General Postproc> Plot Results> Vector Plot > Predefined
DOF Solution, Translation U> OK
B C
) :(28-2

- 73 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
Min=0 Max=8.12007
) :(29-2
2-11 :
.1-2-11 :

) (35-2 )(9 ) (30-2) (31-2) (32-2) (33-2) (34-2
) (3) (16) (6):(9
11- 0-1. General Postproc> Element Table> Define Table> Add
1. Lab User Label for Item = Moment-I ( )
Item, Comp Results Data Item= By Sequence Num > SMISC, 3 > Apply
2. Lab User Label for Item = Moment-J ( )

3. Lab User Label for Item ( ) = Shear-I

4. Lab User Label for Item ( ) = Shear -J

Item, Comp Results Data Item= By Sequence Num > SMISC, 19 > OK

- 74 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
C
E
D F
) :(30-2 ) (I
A
C
B D
) :(31-2 ) (J

- 75 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
A
C
B D
) :(32-2 ) (I
A
C
B D
) :(33-2 ) (J
) :(34-2

- 76 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
):(9

):(35-2
>Help> Help Topics
>Content> Mechanical APDL> Element Reference> Element Library> Beam188
Beam188
) :(35-2
.2-2-11 :

) (36-2) (37-2) (38-2) (39-2) (40-2):(41-2
>11- 2-2. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Line Elem Res
1. Lab I Elem Table Item at Node I = Moment-I
Lab J Elem Table Item at Node J = Moment-J
> Apply
2. Lab I Elem Table Item at Node I = Shear-I
Lab J Elem Table Item at Node J = Shear-J
> OK

- 77 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
B
C
E
A
) :(36-2
Min=-0.599E+08 Max=0.150E+08
) :(37-2

- 78 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
Min=-0.599E+08 Max=0.150E+08
) :(38-2
A
B
) :(39-2

- 79 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
Min=-20000 Max=29970
) :(40-2
Min=-20000 Max=29970
) :(41-2

- 80 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
.3-2-11 ( ):

) (42-2):(43-2
>11- 2-3. General Postproc> Element Table> List Elem Table
Moment-I, Shear-I> OK
B
C
) :(42-2
) :(43-2

- 81 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
3-11 ():

):(44-2
>11- 3. General Postproc> List Results> Nodal Solution
>Nodal Solution> DOF Solution>Displacement Vector Sum> OK
B
C
) :(44-2 ()
4-11 ():

):(45-2
11- 4. General Postproc> List Results> Reaction Solu> All Items> OK

- 82 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
A C
) :(45-2
:
) (46-2 :
6 KN/m.L 20 KN
m
A B

2m 8m 3m
) :(46-2
) )( ( Force : .1
)3
Force() = (6 10 10 + 20 103 = 80 000 N
: .0 ) ( M ) (B
M = 0 (6 103 ) 10 5 = 8 + 20 103 3

- 83 -
-1 ((Keypoints :
= 30 000 N ):(A
= 50 000 N ):(B

. ) ( , ) (
.

- 84 -
-2 )(Nodes :
2-2 :
)(Nodes
) (400 cm ) (15cm ) (20cm
) (47-2
:
= 2 107 2
: :
20 cm
.
15 cm
).(Nodes
50 N/cm.L ) (Graphs
cm
.
400 cm :
) :(47-2
-1 :
) (Beam188
):(48-2
>1- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Beam > 2node 188 > OK
> Close
D
C
) :(48-2

- 85 -
-2 )(Nodes :
-2 :
( (
):(49-2

> Isotropic
EX = 2e7 2
) ( ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
B
A
C
D
E
) :(49-2
-3 :
) (15cm ) (20cm
):(50-2
>3- Preprocessor> Sections> Beam> Common Sections
Name = b-15x20 ( )
( ) )( = Sub-Type
B = 15 )(cm ( )
H = 20 )(cm ( )
( Nd =0 ( )
) Nh =0 ( )
2. Plot> Replot

- 86 -
-2 )(Nodes :
):(1
) (Sections> Beam> Common Sections
) (Nd, Nh
.
B
C
D
E
I F
J
H
G
) :(50-2
-4 :
) (41 ) (400 cm ) (10cm ) (40
: ) (1
) (41
) .(Fill between Nodes )(51-2
):(52-2
>4-Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Nodes> In Active CS
NODE Node Number = 1 ( )

X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 0 , 0 , 0 ( )
> Apply
NODE Node Number = 41 ( )

X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 400 , 0 , 0 )(cm ( )
> OK

- 87 -
-2 )(Nodes :

B
C

E
F
) :(4
J
) :(51-2
1 41
) :(52-2

- 88 -
-2 )(Nodes :
-5 :
) (1) (41 )(Fill between Nodes
) (39
) (53-2):(54-2
>5- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Nodes> Fill between Nds

(>OK " "1 " "11 ) >
NODE1, NODE2 Fill between Nodes = 1 , 41
( )11
NFILL Number of Nodes to Fill = 39
( )
SPACE Spacing Ratio =1
( )
1 41
B C
D
E
) :(53-2

- 89 -
-2 )(Nodes :
) :(54-2
-6 ) (1):(2
) (1) (2
):(55-2
>6- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Auto Numbred> Thru Nodes

)>OK> Cancel " "1 " "2 ( >
1 2
A B C
D
) :(55-2 ) (1)(2
-7 :

):(56-2 ) (40

- 90 -
(Nodes) -2 :
7- Preprocessor> Modeling> Copy> Elements> Auto Numbred>

> (>) OK>
ITIME Total Number of Copy -Including Original- = 40
)-(
NINC Node Number Increment =1 ) (
A C
:(56-2)
:(2)
:
Plot> Multi-Plots

- 91 -
-2 )(Nodes :
):(3
).(Mesh
-8 :
) (57-2
) (58-2):(59-2
>8- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Nodes

>)>OK " "1 ( 1.
( ) >LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = All DOF
> Apply
>)>OK " "11 ( 2.
( ) >LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = UY
> OK
1 41
) :(57-2
) :(58-2

- 92 -
-2 )(Nodes :
) :(59-2
-9 :
) (q=50 /. ) (Y
( ) ) (Load Key =2
) (60-2):(61-2
>9-b. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Beams> Pick All
Load Key =2 ( )
Pressure Value at Node I = 50 ( ) ) (/.
>OK
) :(60-2
):(4
) : (Load Key =1 ).(Z -
) :(Load Key =2 ).(Y -

- 93 -
-2 )(Nodes :
-

) (Y
.
-

) (Y .
) :(61-2
):(5

):(62-2
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Symbols....
Surface Load Symbols= Pressures
) :(62-2

- 94 -
-2 )(Nodes :
-10 :
) (Solve ) (63-2
:
)(Solution is Done
.
A B
) :( 63-2
-11 :
1-11 :

) (64-2):(65-2
11- 1. General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape> Def + undeformed > OK
A C
) :(64-2

- 95 -
-2 )(Nodes :
) :(65-2
) (65-2 .
2-11 :
) (Contours
) (66-2):(67-2
>11-2-1. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu
DOF Solution> Displacement Vector Sum> OK

- 96 -
-2 )(Nodes :
B
C
E
) :(66-2
Min=0 Max=0.062122
) :(67-2

) (68-2):(69-2
2. PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of Element= On

- 97 -
-2 )(Nodes :
) :(68-2
Min=0 Max=0.062122
) :(69-2

- 98 -
-2 )(Nodes :
) (70-2):(71-2
>3. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu
>DOF Solution> Rotation Vector Sum> OK
B
C
A D
E
) :(70-2
Min=0 Max=0.594E-3
) :(71-2
- .

- 99 -
-2 )(Nodes :
)(72-2
):(73-2
>4. General Postproc> Plot Results> Vector Plot > Predefined
DOF Solution, Translation U> OK
B C
) :(72-2
Min=0 Max=0.062122
) :(73-2

- 100 -
-2 )(Nodes :
:
5. Plot> Elements
:
6. PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of Element= Off
3-11 :

):(74-2
>11- 3- General Postproc> List Results> Nodal Solution
>Nodal Solution> DOF Solution>Displacement Vector Sum> OK
B
C
) :(74-2

- 101 -
-2 )(Nodes :
4-11 :

):(75-2
11- 4- General Postproc> List Results> Reaction Solu> All Items> OK
C
A

) :(75-2
) (76-2
50 N/cm.L
cm
:
400 cm Force() = 50 400 = 20 000 N
) :(76-2 )(75-2
.

- 102 -
(Nodes) -2 :
: 5-11
.1
:(78-2) ( 77-2)
11- 5-1. General Postproc> Element Table> Define Table> Add
1. Lab User Label for Item = Moment-I ) (
2. Lab User Label for Item = Moment-J )(
3. Lab User Label for Item = Shear-I ) (
4. Lab User Label for Item = Shear -J )(
Item, Comp Results Data Item= By Sequence Num > SMISC, 19 > OK
C
E
D F
( I) :(77-2)

- 103 -
(Nodes) -2 :
:(78-2)
.2
:(82-2)( 81-2)( 80-2)( 79-2)
11- 5-2. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Line Elem Res>
1. Lab I Elem Table Item at Node I = Moment-I
Lab J Elem Table Item at Node J = Moment-J
> Apply
2. Lab I Elem Table Item at Node I = Shear-I
Lab J Elem Table Item at Node J = Shear-J
> OK
B
C
E
A
:(79-2)

- 104 -
-2 )(Nodes :
Min=-937187 Max=561863
) :(80-2
A
B
) :(81-2

- 105 -
-2 )(Nodes :
Min=-12246 Max=7253.96
) :(82-2
6-11 :

:
-1 .
).(X ) -2 :
) ).(UY
) ).(ROTZ
-3 .
-1 .
-1 :

):(83-2
>11-6-1. Parameters> Array Parameters> Define/Edit> Add
Par Parameter Name = Graph ( )
Type Parameter Type = Table
( 1 3 I,J,K No. of Rows, Cols, Planes = 41 , 3 , 1 )1
OK> Close

- 106 -
-2 )(Nodes :
F G
B
) :(83-2
):(6
) (41 . :
) (Parameters : :
( _ _ ).
):(X -2
" " ) (Model Data
) "(X ) (Nodes "
) (84-2):(85-2
>2. Parameters> Get Array Data
Type of Data to be Retrieved = Model Data, Nodes ( )
>OK
Name of Array Parameter )= Graph(1,1 ( )
Node Number N =All ( )

- 107 -
-2 )(Nodes :
Nodal Data to be Retrieve = Location, X ( ):

Fill Array by Looping on ( = Node Number ):
>OK
B C
) :(84-2 ( )
A
B
C D
) :(85-2 ( )X
-3 ):(UY
"" ) (Results Data
) "(Y ) (Nodal Results "
) (86-2):(87-2
Type of Data to be Retrieved = Results Data, Nodal Results
>OK
Nodal Data to be Retrieve = DOF Solution, UY ( )
>OK

- 108 -
-2 )(Nodes :
C
B
A
) :(86-2 ( )
A
B
C D
) :(87-2 ( )Y
-4 ):(ROTZ
"" ) (Results Data
) (Nodal Results " ) "(Z
):(88-2
Type of Data to be Retrieved = Results Data, Nodal Results
>OK
( ) Nodal Data to be Retrieve = DOF Solution, ROTZ
>OK

- 109 -
-2 )(Nodes :
A
B
C
) :(88-2 ( )Z
-5 :
" " ") "Graph(1,1
" "
") "Graph(1,2 ) (89-2):(90-2
>5. Plot> Array Parameters
)Par X X-Axis Array Parameter = Graph(1,1 ( )
)Par Y Y-Axis Array Parameter = Graph(1,2 ( )
>OK
B
C
) :(89-2 " : " " :"

- 110 -
-2 )(Nodes :

)(Vertical Deflection Vs Length

)(Value
( )
)Graph(1,1
) :(90-2 ) (Y
-6 :
):(91-2
>6. File> Change Title
( ) [/TITLE] Enter New Title = Vertical Deflection Vs Length
>OK
Plot> Replot
A C
) :(91-2
-7 :
) (92-2):(93-2
>7. PlotCtrls> Style> Graphs> Modify Axes
[/AXLAB] X-Axis Label = Length ( )
[/AXLAB] Y-Axis Label = Vertical Deflection ( )
>OK
Plot> Replot

- 111 -
-2 )(Nodes :
B
C
) :(92-2

- 112 -
-2 )(Nodes :
)(Vertical Deflection

)(Vertical Deflection Vs Length

)(Length
) :(93-2 ) (Y
-8 :
" " ") "Graph(1,1
" "
") "Graph(1,3 ):(94-2
>8. Plot> Array Parameters

)Par X X-Axis Array Parameter = Graph(1,1 ( )
)Par Y Y-Axis Array Parameter = Graph(1,3 ( )
>OK

- 113 -
-2 )(Nodes :
B
C
) :(94-2 " : " " :"
-9 : ):(95-2
>9. File> Change Title
( ) [/TITLE] Enter New Title = Rotation Vs Length
>OK
Plot> Replot
A C
) :(95-2
-10 :
) (96-2):(97-2
>10. PlotCtrls> Style> Graphs> Modify Axes
[/AXLAB] X-Axis Label = Length ( )
[/AXLAB] Y-Axis Label = Rotation ( )
>OK
Plot> Replot

- 114 -
-2 )(Nodes :
B
C
) :(96-2

- 115 -
-2 )(Nodes :

)(Rotation

)(Rotation Vs Length
)(Length
) :(97-2 ) (Z

- 116 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
3-2 :
) (Truss Beam
) (6 m ) (3 m ) (A
) ( = 10
) (98-2 ) )(45
2 .
4 5 6 = 5000 2
= 210 109 2
2 3m
= 2 105
: :
3
).(Truss Beam
1 2 = 10 45
3m 3m
) :(98-2 ).(45
.
:
)(99-2 o ) (Structural
.
1- Preference> Structural> OK
B
A
) :(99-2
) (/units,si o
) (ANSYS Output Window .
:
).(100-2 .1

- 117 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
/units,si : .2
.3 ). (Enter
.4 (ANSYS Output Window) :
).(101-2
) :(100-2
) :(101-2 )(ANSYS Output Window
o ) (Preprocessor
:
-1 :
) (Link180
):(102-2
>1- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Link >3D finit stn 180
> OK> Close

- 118 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) (Options .
D
C
) :(102-2
-2 :
) (Link180 ) (5000E-6m2
):(103-2
2- Preprocessor> Real constant> Add/Edit/Delete>Add: Link180> OK

AREA = 5000e-6 )(m2 )

- 119 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
E
F
) :(103-2
-3 :
(
):(104-2

> Isotropic
EX = 210e9 ) (2 )
PRXY = 0.3 )

- 120 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
B
A
C
D
E
) :(104-2
-4 :
)(105-2 ) (Keypoints
):(3-2
>4-Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS

NPT Keypoint Number = 1 )
X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 0 , 0 , 0 > Apply )
X Z
Y
) :(105-2
) (106-2 . ) (3-2

- 121 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) :(3-2
4 5 6
Keypoint X Y Z
Number )(mm )(mm )(mm
1 0 0 0 > Apply
2 3 0 0 > Apply
3 6 0 0 > Apply
4 0 3 0 > Apply 1 2 3
5 3 3 0 > Apply
6 6 3 0 > OK
) :(106-2
-5 :

):(107-2

) (4-2 :
) :(4-2
Point Point
1 2 4 6
5
1 2
2 3
1 4
2 5
3 6
4 5
5 6
1 5
2 4 1 3
2
2 6
3 5
> OK ) :(107-2
-6 :

):(108-2
>6- 1. Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tool

1. Lines> Set > Pick All
No. of Element Divisions = 1 )
>OK
2. Mesh > Pick All

- 122 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
E
F
) :(108-2

):(109-2 )
2. PlotCtrls> Numbering> 1. NODE Node Numbers : On
2. Elem / Attrib Numbering : Element Numbers
3. Plot> Elements

- 123 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
B
C
4 5 6
1 2 3
) :(109-2
-7 :
)
)(111-2 ) (110-2
:
>7- Preprocessor> Load> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement

>> On Nodes
.1 :
)> All DOF> Apply ( 1.

- 124 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :

) (1

)(1
) :(110-2
.2 :
):(10mm
>) ( 2.
LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = UY )
VALUE Displacement Value = -10e-3 ) )(m
> OK

- 125 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) :(111-2
.3 :
) (3) (5) (2
) (112-2 ) (WX ) (3) (5
):(113-2 ) (WY .
Y
WX
X
2 3
WY
) :(112-2
3. WorkPlane> Local Coordinate Systems> Create Local CS> By 3 Nodes +

(> (222-2 > OK > 2 > 5 > 3

- 126 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
A
C
4 5 6
1 2 3 B
) :(113-2
):(11
Ref Number of New Coord Sys = 11
):(1
) (3) (5) (2 ) (3


- 127 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) (5 ) (WX ) (2
) (XY .

):(114-2
List> Other> Local Coord Sys
22 :
) :(114-2
WX
Y ) (114-2
) (X=6 ) (X
235
X
Node 3 ) (135 ) (XY
WY
) (112-2.

- 128 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
.4 :
) (3

):(115-2
>4. Preprocessor> Modeling> Move/ Modify> Rotate Node CS> To Active CS
)> OK ( >

)(3

)(3
A
C
) :(115-2
.5 ( ):
) (3
) (116-2):(117-2
>5. Preprocessor> Load> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement
>> On Nodes
) ( >
LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = UX )
VALUE Displacement Value =0 )(m )
> OK

- 129 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :

)(3

)(3
) :(116-2
) :(117-2

- 130 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
-8 :
)(98-2
):(118-2
>8- Preprocessor> Load> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment
> > On Nodes
> OK 41. )6
Direction of Force/Mom = FY )
Value = -2e5 ) ( )
>Apply
> OK 2. )5
Direction of Force/Mom = FY )
Value = -4e5 ) ( )
>Apply
> OK 3. )4
Direction of Force/Mom = FX )
Value = 1e5 ) ( )
> OK

- 131 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) :(118-2

- 132 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
-9 :

):(119-2
9- List> Load> Force> On All Nodes
) :(119-2
)(120-2
):(121-2
> PlotCtrls> Symbols
For Individual> OK> F Applied Forces= Symbol + Value >OK> OK>OK
:
PlotCtrls> Symbols> All BC+Reaction

- 133 -
( Truss Beam) -3 :
A B
3 Click E
:(120-2)

- 134 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) :(121-2
-10 :
)(122-2 ) (Solve
:
)(Solution is Done
.
A B
) :( 122-2

- 135 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
-11 :
1-11 :

) (123-2):(124-2
>11- 1. General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape
1. Def Shape Only > Apply
2. Def + undeformed > OK
A C
) :(123-2
) :(124-2

- 136 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) (124-2
)
) (Y .
2-11 :
)
):(125-2
11- 2. PlotCtrls> Animate> Deformed Shape> Def + undeformed > OK
) :(125-2 ()

- 137 -
( Truss Beam) -3 :
: 3-11
: .

:(128-2)( 127-2)( 126-2)
11- 3-a. General Postproc> Element Table> Define Table> Add
1. Lab User Label for Item = Nforce )
2. Lab User Label for Item = stress-i )
Item, Comp Results Data Item= By Sequence Num > LS, 1 > Apply
3. Lab User Label for Item = stress-j )
Item, Comp Results Data Item= By Sequence Num > LS, 1 > OK> Close
C
E
D F
:(126-2)

- 138 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
B D
) :(127-2
B D
) :(128-2
):(2
) (stress-i
) (stress-j.
):(3
:
:LS,1 - .
:SMISC,1 - .
:LEPEL,1 - .

- 139 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
):(4

):(129-2
>Help> Help Topics
>Content> Mechanical APDL> Element Reference> Element Library> link180
Link180
) :(129-2
. :

) (130-2):(131-2
>13- 3-b. General Postproc> Element Table> List Elem Table
>Nforce, stress-I, stress-J,
A
) :(130-2

- 140 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) :(131-2
4-11 :

) (132-2):(133-2
>11- 4. General Postproc> List Results> Nodal Solution
>DOF Solution> Displacement Vector Sum> OK
B
C
E
) :(132-2

- 141 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) :(133-2
5-11 :

) (134-2):(135-2
>11- 5. General Postproc> List Results> Reaction Solu
All Items> OK
A C
) :(134-2

- 142 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
) :(135-2
6-11 :

) (136-2) (137-2)(138-2
):(139-2
>11- 6. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Line Elem Res
1. Lab I Elem Table Item at Node I = NFORCE
Lab J Elem Table Item at Node J = NFORCE
> Apply
2. Lab I Elem Table Item at Node I = STRESS-I
Lab J Elem Table Item at Node J = STRESS-J
> OK
B
C
E
A
) :(136-2

- 143 -
-3 ) (Truss Beam :
Min=-0.118E+07 Max=0.122E+07
) :(137-2
B
C
E
A
) :(135-2
Min=-0.236E+09 Max=0. 243E+09
) :(135-2

- 144 -
-4 ) (Model Analysis :
4-2 :
) (Model Analysis
) (136-2 ) (100mm
) (20mm ) (10mm
).(Model Analysis
= 2 105 2
20 mm
` = 7.85 106 3
: :
10 mm
).(Model Analysis

100 (
) :(136-2
).
:
-1 :
) (Plane182 ) (Solid185
):(102-2
>1- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete
Add: 1. Solid > Quad 4node 182 > Apply
2. Solid > 8node 185 > OK

- 145 -
( Model Analysis) -4 :
G
F
:(137-2)

- 146 -
-2 :
( (
):(138-2
>2- Preprocessor> Material props> Material models

1. Material model Number1> Structural>Linear> Elastic> Isotropic
EX = 2e5 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
>2. Structural>Density
DENS = 7.85e-6 ) (3 ( )
B
A
C
D
) :(138-2

- 147 -
-3 :
) (1020mm ) (XY
. ) (Z
):(139-2
>3-Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Rectangle> By Dimension
X1 , X2 X-Coordinates = 0 , 10 ( )
Y1 , Y2 Y-Coordinates = 0 , 20 ( )
> OK
B
C
A
) :(139-2
-4 :

) (1mm
) (140-2) (141-2):(142-2
>4-1. Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls> Manual Size> Areas> All Areas
Sizes Elements Edges Length = 1 ( )
2. Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tools> Smart Size> Fine = 4 >Mesh > Pick All
A ) :(140-2

- 148 -
B
C
2 Click
A
) :(141-2
) :(142-2
-5 :

):(143-2
>5- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Extrude> Elem Ext Opts

- 149 -
][TYPE = Solid185 ( )
][MAT =1 ( 1 )
VAL1 No. Elem divs = 10 ( )Z
VAL2 Spacing ratio =1 ( )
C
D
) :(143-2
-6 :
) (144-2):(145-2
6-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Extrude> Areas> By XYZ Offset>Pick All
( DX, DY ,DZ Offsets for Extrusion = 0 , 0 , 100 )Z
2. Isometric View

- 150 -
) :(144-2
) :(145-2 ) (Isometric View

- 151 -
-7 ):(Model
) (Model
):(146-2
7-1. Preprocessor> Loads> Analysis Type> New Analysis Type> Model
) :(146-2 " )"(Model

):(147-2
>2. Preprocessor> Loads> Analysis Type> Analysis Options

No. of Modes to Extract = 12 ( )
NMODE. of Modes to Expand = 12 ( )
OK> OK

- 152 -
) :(147-2
-8 :
):(148-2

>> On Areas
)>OK (

- 153 -
B
C
) :(148-2
-9 :
) (149-2 ) (Solve
:
)(Solution is Done
.

- 154 -
A B
) :( 149-2
-11 :
) (First Set

) (150-2) (151-2):(152-2
10-1. Oblique View
>2. General Postproc> Read Results> First Set
>3. PlotCtrls> Animate> Mode Shape
B
C
) :(150-2 ()

- 155 -
A B
) :(151-2
A
D
) :(153-2
E
) :(152-2
) (Next Set
).(153-2 ) (General Postproc> Read Results

):(154-2
General Postproc> Read Results> By Pick

- 156 -
D
:(154-2)
:) ( ( 155-2)
DISPLACEMENT DISPLACEMENT
Step=1 Step=1
SUB=2 SUB=1
FREQ=51.7826 FREQ=29.7506
DMX=9.92985 DMX=9.95901
Step=1 Step=1
SUB=4 SUB=3
FREQ=187.462 FREQ=180.93
DMX=6.27971 DMX=9.81712

- 157 -
Step=1 Step=1
SUB=6 SUB=5
FREQ=401.745 FREQ=283.886
DMX=3.59166 DMX=9.79789
Step=1 Step=1
SUB=8 SUB=7
FREQ=571.621 FREQ=489.745
DMX=6.55092 DMX=9.80213
Step=1 Step=1
SUB=10 SUB=9
FREQ=925.553 FREQ=694.472
DMX=9.91698 DMX=9.92985

- 158 -
Step=1 Step=1
SUB=12 SUB=11
FREQ=1195.58 FREQ=983.254
DMX=5.26985 DMX=7.83355

) :(150-2 ()
):(150-2
>General Postproc> Results Summary
) :(150-2

- 159 -
-5 ) (Harmonic Analysis :
5-2 :
) (Harmonic Analysis
)(151-2
) (1.2m ) (0.01m ) (0.01m
) (P ).(Harmonic Analysis
= 100
( = 100)
0.01m
= 2 1011 2
= 7800 3
1.2 0.01 m
) :(151-2 : :
).(Harmonic Analysis
.
:
o ) (Structural
.
o Preference> Structural> OK
-1 :
) (Beam188
):(152-2
1- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Beam > 2node 188> OK
> Close

- 160 -
D
C
) :(152-2
-2 :
( (
):(153-2

EX = 2e11 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
>2. Structural>Density
DENS = 7800 ) (3 ( )

- 161 -
B
A
C
D
) :(153-2
-3 :
) (0.01m ) (0.01m
):(154-2
>3- 1. Preprocessor> Sections> Beam> Common Sections
Name = Sec 0.01 ( )
) )Sub-Type = (Rectangle (
B = 0.01 )(m ( )
H = 0.01 )(m ( )

- 162 -

2. Plot> Replot
B
C
D
E
I F
J
H
G
) :(154-2
-4 :
) (Keypoints
):(155-2
>4- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS

X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 1.2 , 0 , 0 > OK ( )
B Y Z
) :(155-2

- 163 -
-5 :

):(156-2

)> OK (
1 2
B C
A
) :(156-2
-6 :
) (12mm
) (100 .
) (157-2):(158-2
>6- 1. Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls> Manual Size> Global> Size

NDIV No. of Element Divisions = 100 ( )
2. Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh> Lines> Pick All> OK
A
) :(157-2

- 164 -
) :(158-2
-7 ):(Harmonic
) (Harmonic
):(159-2
7- Solution> Analysis Type> New Analysis Type> Harmonic
A B
) :(159-2 " )"(Harmonic
-8 :
):(160-2

)>OK> All DOF> OK ( >

- 165 -
B
C
) :(160-2
-9 :
) (P=100 N
) (161-2: ) (161-2
> 9- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment> On Keypoints
>) ( >
LAB Direction of Force/Mom = FY ( )
VALUE )Real Part of Force/Mom = -100 ( N ( )

- 166 -
( Harmonic Analysis) -5 :
:(161-2)
: -10
:(162-2) .1-11
10- 1. Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options>

Solution Method = Full )(
DOF Printout Format = Real+Imaginary
OK> OK

- 167 -
B
A
) :(162-2
):(1
):(Solution Methods
:(Full method) .1
.
:(Reduced method) .2
).(Master DOF Selection
:(Mode superposition) .3
.
:
) :(5-2 ) (Solution Methods )(Harmonic Analysis
Mode Super-position * Reduced Full

)(1 load vector ( )
?Non-zero displacement loading allowed

) (Restart
(Unsymmetric
) matrices
) (Modes
)(if reduced modal ) (Master DOF

- 168 -
).(Reduced
):(2
) (Use Lumped mass approx )(Harmonic Analysis

.
):(163-2 .2-11
>10- 2. Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq and Substps

Harmonic Freq Range = 0 , 100 ( ) ) ""(
Number of Substeps = 100 ( )
Stepped or Ramped = Stepped ( )
B C
D
E
A
) :(163-2
):(3
) (0-100 HZ )(100
) (1 ) (2 ) ... (3 ) .(100

) (100.
):(4

) (Ramped ) .(Stepped
) (Stepped .
):(5
:
}{ + [].
}{ []. }{ = }{ + [].
:

- 169 -
: : : : :
: : .
)( )( ) (harmonic ) (frequency :
{} = { } = [{1 } + {2 }]
Imaginary
{} = { } = [{1 } + {2 }]
Real :() : ).(Phase angle
:
[2
]} ( ] + [ ] + [ ]) [{1 } + {2 }] = [{1 } + {2
-11 :
) (164-2 ) (Solve
:
)(Solution is Done
.
B
A
) :(164-2
-12 :
) (UY
):(165-2
>12- TimeHist Postpor

>Add> Nodal Solution> DOF Solution> Y-Component of Displacement
( ) ( > OK >Graph Data ) >OK

- 170 -
F G

)(VALU

)(FREQ
) :(165-2 ) (UY )(Linear

- 171 -
-12 :
) (Y- Axis Scal

) (166-2):(167-2
>PlotCtrls> Style> Graph> Modify Axes

LOGY Y- Axis Scale = Logarithmic
) :(166-2

- 172 -

)(VALU

)(FREQ
) :(168-2 ) (UY )(Logarithmic
(List Data )
) (169-2 ) (Time History Variables
):(170-2
) :(169-2 ) (UY

- 173 -
) :(170-2
).(6Hz
):(6
) (Real and Imaginary Parts
).(Amplitude and Phase angle
) (TimeHist Postpro
).(General Postpro

- 174 -
-6 ) (Transient Analysis :
6-2 :
) (Transient Analysis
) (171-2 ) (100 mm
) (5 mm ) (5 mm ) (
).(Transient Analysis

) = A . sin ( 4 .

= 1000
5 mm 11 2
= 2 10
100 mm 5 mm : :
) :(171-2 ).(Transient Analysis
) (Time.
:
-1 :
) (Beam189
):(172-2
>Close
C D
) :(172-2

- 175 -
-2 :
( (
):(173-2

EX = 2e11 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
B
A
C
D
E
) :(173-2
-3 :
) (5mm ) (5mm
):(174-2
>3- 1. Preprocessor> Sections> Beam> Common Sections
Name = Sec 5 ( )
( ) )Sub-Type = (Rectangle
B =5 )(mm ( )
H =5 )(mm ( )
Nd =5 ( )
Nh =5 ( )
2. Plot> Replot

- 176 -
B
C
D
E
I F
J
H
G
) :(174-2
-4 :
) (Keypoints
):(175-2
>4- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS

X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 111 , 0 , 0 > OK ( )
B Y Z
) :(175-2

- 177 -
-5 :

):(176-2

)> OK (
1 2
B C
A
) :(176-2
-6 :
) (5mm
) (20 .
) (177-2):(178-2
>6- 1. Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls> Manual Size> Lines> All Lines
A ) :(177-2

- 178 -
) :(178-2
-7 :
.1 }) { = 1000 . sin (4 .
):(179-2
>7- 1. Parameters> Functions> Define/Edit

)}{ ( => Result
:
. :sin
. )(PI :PI )(INV
:TIME ) (TIME ).(179-2
.2 ) (File ) (Save
) (Function Editor ) (Trans Load
).(Function Editor
)2. File (Function Editor)> Save > (Trans Load

- 179 -
( Transient Analysis) -6 :
E
D
Trans Load
L
:(179-2)

- 180 -
.3
) (Function Loader ) (Equation
) (8 ) (ft
):(180-2
> ( ) >3. Parameters> Functions> Read From File

Trans Load > Open
Table Parameter Name = ft >OK ( )
C
B
D
) :(180-2

- 181 -
-8 (:)Transient
) (Transient
):(181-2
8- Preprocessor> Load> Analysis Type> New Analysis Type> Transient

Solution Method = Full ( )
> OK
A
D
) :(181-2 " )"(Transient
-9 :
):(182-2

>> On Keypoints
)> All DOF> OK ( >

- 182 -
B
C
) :(182-2
-10 :
)) ( = A . sin (4 .

):(183-2
>10- Preprocessor> Load> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment
>> On Keypoints
>) ( >
Apply as = Existing Table ( )
>OK> OK

- 183 -
D
E
) :(183-2
-11 :
):(184-2
>11- Solution> Analysis Type> Soln Controls

- 184 -
Basic:
Small displacement static
Time at end of load step = 20 ) (
Automatic Time Stepping = Prog Chosen
Time increment:
Time Step Size =1 ) (
Minimum Time Step =0 ) (
Maximum Time Step =0 ) (
Frequency = Write every substep ) (
Transient:
Transient Effects = Ramped Loading > OK
F
B
A
C E
D
H
:(184-2)

- 185 -
-12 :
) (Solve ) (185-2
:
)(Solution is Done
.
A B
) :( 185-2
-13 :
) (UY
):(186-2
>13- TimeHist Postpor

( ) ( > Next> OK >Graph Data ) >OK

- 186 -
F G

)(VALU

)(TIME
) :(186-2 ) (UY

- 187 -

.

) (Y ) (187-2):(188-2
>1. Add> Nodal Solution> DOF Solution> Y-Component of Velocity> OK
2. Plot> Element
( > Next> OK >Graph Data ) 3.
)(Y-Component of Velocity

)(VALU
)(TIME
) :(188-2 ) :(187-2

) (189-2):(190-2
>1. Add> Nodal Solution> DOF Solution> Y-Component of Displacement > OK
2. Plot> Element
( > Next> OK >Graph Data ) 3.

)(VALU

)(TIME
) :(190-2 ) :(189-2

- 188 -
:(191-2) :
General Postproc> List Results> Reaction Solu> All Items> OK
:(191-2)
(192-2) :( Time)
:(193-2)
General Postproc> Read Results> By Time/Freq>
TIME Value of Time or Freq= 5
General Postproc> List Results> Reaction Solu> All Items> OK
C
( t=5) :(192-2)

- 189 -
) :(193-2 )(t=5
) (FY )(194-2 )(t=5

:

Force() = 0

= ) = = 1000 . sin ( 4 . 100 mm
) :(194-2
1000 . sin ( 4 5) = 707.11 N
) (MZ ) (t=5 :
Moment () = 0

= == 1000 . sin ( . ) = 1000 . sin ( 5) 100 = 70711 N. mm
4 4
) (193-2
) (t=5 .

- 190 -
-7 ) (Buckling Analysis :
7-2 :
) (Buckling Analysis
) (5000mm
) (195-2
).(Buckling Analysis
w2
Y
=1
t2 X = 210 000 2
Y
Z t3 5000 1 = 250 , 1 = 20
w3
2 = 450 , 2 = 15
3 = 350 , 3 = 10
t1
w1 : :

) :(195-2
(.)Buckling Analysis
.
.
:
-1 :
):(196-2 ) (Beam189
>Close
C D
) :(196-2

- 191 -
-2 :
( (
):(197-2

EX = 210000 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
B
A
C
D
E
) :(197-2
-3 :
) (
):(198-2
Name = i350 ( )
) Sub-Type = ( I ) (
w1 = 250 )(mm ( )
w2 = 450 )(mm ( )
w3 = 350 )(mm ( )
t1 = 20 )(mm ) (
t2 = 15 )(mm ) (

- 192 -
( Buckling Analysis) -7 :
t3 = 10 (mm) ) (
2. Plot> Replot
B
C
A
D
E
F
G
H
I
N
M J
K
L
:(198-2)
: -4
( Keypoints)
:(199-2)
4-Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS>

X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 0 , 0 , 0 > Apply ) (
X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 5000 , 0 , 0 > Apply ) (
X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 0 , 50 , 0 > OK )(

- 193 -
B Y Z
) :(199-2
-5 :

):(200-2

)> OK 1(2
3
1 2
B C
A
) :(200-2

- 194 -
-6 :
.1
):(201-2
)6- 1. Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Attributes> Picked Lines> (Pick All
Pick Orientation Keypoint(s) =Yes
>OK
> ) (3
C
E
F
D
) :(201-2
.2
) (1000mm

- 195 -
) (5 .
) (202-2):(203-2
>2. Preprocessor> Meshing > Size Cntrls> ManualSize> Lines > Picked Lines
)> (Pick All
.3 :
C
A
) :(202-2
) :(203-2
) (204-2):(205-2 .4
4. PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of element= on

- 196 -
) :(204-2
) :(205-2
-7 ():
) (Static
):(206-2
7- Solution> Analysis Type> New Analysis Type> Static

- 197 -
) :(206-2 )(Static
-8 :

):(207-2
8-1. Solution> Unabridged Menu

2. Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options> OK
) :(a-207-2

- 198 -
) :(b-207-2
-9 :
):(208-2

)> All DOF> OK ( >

A
B
) :(a-208-2

- 199 -
) :(b-208-2
-10 :
) (P=1 N
) (209-2: ) (209-2
> 10- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment> On Keypoints

>) ( >
VALUE )Real Part of Force/Mom = -1 ( N ( )
) :(a-209-2

- 200 -
) :(b-209-2
-11 :
) (Save-DB
):(210-2
11- ANSYS Toolbar> Save-DB
) :(210-2
-12 :
) (211-2 ) (Solve
:
12-1. Solution> Solve> Current LS> OK> Close
2. Main Menu> Finish
E
) :(211-2

- 201 -
) (Solution is Done
) (Finish .
- 13 :

) (212-2):(213-2
13- General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape> Def + undeformed > OK
A C
) :(212-2
) :(213-2
-14 ():
) (Eigen Buckling
):(214-2
14- Solution> Analysis Type> New Analysis Type> Eigen Buckling

- 202 -
) :(214-2 " )"(Eigen Buckling
-15 :
) (Eigen Buckling
) (215-2):(216-2
>15-1. Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options
( ) No. of Modes to Extract=3
2. Solution> Load Step Opts > ExpansionPass> Single Expand> ExpandModes
( ) No. of Modes to Expand =3
Calculate Elem Results =Yes ( )
) :(215-2
D
A
) :(216-2

- 203 -
-16 :
) (217-2 ) (Solve
:
16-1. Solution> Solve> Current LS> OK> Close
2. Main Menu> Finish
)(Solution is Done
.
B
C
E
) :(217-2
- 17 :
):(218-2 .1
17-1. General Postproc> Results Summary
) :(218-2

- 204 -
( Buckling Analysis) -7 :
:(219-2) .2
2. General Postproc> Read Results> By Pick> ) >( Read
3. General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape> Def + undeformed > OK
A
:(219-2)
: ( 222-2)( 221-2)( 220-2)

DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=1
FREQ=-531860
DMX=2.53931
:(220-2)
DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=2
FREQ=-180878
DMX=2.30052
:(221-2)

- 205 -
DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=3
FREQ=332677
DMX=1.57858
) :(222-2
:

.

) (I .

- 206 -
-1 ( (L :
1-3 :
) (L
)(0.5 inch ) (L )(1-3

)(1-3
).(Von Mises
= 30 106 2
= 0.27
: :
).(Work Plane
)(Add )(Subtract .
.
).(Von Mises

1 inch 4 inch 2 inch

2 inch

1 1
= 0.4 inch
2 inch
2

1 = 50 Pound/inch.L

1 inch
2 = 500 Pound/inch.L
) :(1-3
) (Pound, Inch ( :
). .
:
-1 :

- 207 -
-1 ( (L :
1- Preference> Structural
-2 :
)(Plane183 ):(2-3
>2- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Solid > 8node 183 > OK
>> Options
Element Shape K1 = Quadrilateral ( : )
Element Behavior ( : ) K3 = Plane Strs w/thk
Element Formulation K6 = Pure Displacemnt ) ( :
OK> Close
) (Plane183 ).(Solid
G
F
I
H
) :(2-3

- 208 -
-1 ( (L :
-3 :
( (
):(3-3

> Isotropic
EX = 30e6 ) ( 2 ( )
PRXY = 0.27 ( )
B
A
C
D
E
) :(3-3
-4 :

):(4-3
4- Preprocessor> Real constant> Add/Edit/Delete>Add: plane183> OK

)Thickness = 0.5 ( ( )
OK> Close

- 209 -
-1 ( (L :
) :(4-3
-5 :
1-5 :
)(22in )(62in
)(5-3):(6-3
>5-1-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Rectangle> By Dimension

X1 , X2 X-Coordinates = 0 , 6 )(inch ( )
Y1 , Y2 Y-Coordinates = -1 , 1 )(inch ( )
> Apply
X1 , X2 X-Coordinates = 4 , 6 )(inch ) (
Y1 , Y2 Y-Coordinates = -1 , -3 )(inch ) (
> OK
5-1-2. Plot Ctrl> Numbering> AREA Area Numbers =On

- 210 -
-1 ( (L :
B
C

A
E
F
) :(5-3
) :(6-3
2-5 ):(WP
)(WorkPlane

):(7-3
)5-2- Work Plane> Display WorkPlane (On
>Work Plane> WP Setting
Polar ( " ")
Grid and Triad ( )
( ) )Snap Incr = 0.1 (inch
Radius = 1 )(inch ( )
> OK

- 211 -
-1 ( (L :
C
D
A
B
E
) :(7-3
3-5 :
):(8-3
>5-3- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle
WP X = 0 ( )WP X
WP Y = 0 )WP Y (
Radius = 1 )(inch ( )
>OK
B
C
D
A E
) :(8-3

- 212 -
-1 ( (L :
4-5 ):(WP
) (Work Plane
):(9-3
5-4- Work Plane> Offset WP to> Keypoints+
(> OK ) >
D
B C
) :(9-3 )(WP
:
-
.
-
.
5-5 :

) :(10-3
>5-5-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle
( >)WP XY
( > )WP XY
>OK
:
)2. Work Plane> Display WorkPlane (Off

- 213 -
-1 ( (L :
A D
C B
) :(10-3
6-5 :

):(11-3
5-6- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Add> Areas > Pick All
. )(5

A

B

) :(11-3

- 214 -
-1 ( (L :
7-5 :
:
5-7-1. Plot Ctrl> Numbering> LINE Line Numbers = On
):(12-3
> 2. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Line Fillet
>( ""71"> )"8
RAD Fillet Radius ( ) )= 0.4 (inch
>OK
3. Plot > Lines
L17
B
C L8
A
) :(12-3
8-5 :

) :(13-3
5-8-1. Zoom Model ( )
>2. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Arbitrary> by Lines
(>OK ) >
3. Plot > Areas

- 215 -
-1 ( (L :
D
B
A
) :(13-3
9-5 :
):(11-3
5-9- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Add> Areas > Pick All
)(2
) .(1
10-5 :
):(14-3
)5-10-1. Work Plane> Display WorkPlane (On
>2. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle
WP X = 0 ( )WP X
WP Y = 0 )WP Y (
Radius = 0.4 )(inch ( )
>OK
B
C
D
A E
) :(14-3

- 216 -
-1 ( (L :
11-5 ) (WP :
) (WP (
) ):(15-3
5-11- Work Plane> Offset WP to> Global Origin
) :(15-3 ) (WP
12-5 :
):(16-3
>5-12-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle
WP X = 0 ( )WP X
WP Y = 0 )WP Y (
Radius = 0.4 )(inch ( )
>OK
)2. Work Plane> Display WorkPlane (Off
B
C
D
A E
) :(16-3

- 217 -
-1 ( (L :
13-5 :
):(17-3
> 5-13- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Subtract> Areas
(>OK )>
(>OK )>
C F
E
B
) :(17-3
-6 :
)(Quad
).(0.5 inch )(Free
):(18-3

- 218 -
( L( -1 :
6- Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tool>

1. Global:Set > SIZE Element Edge Length = 0.5 (inch) ) (
>OK
2. Mesh: Areas: Quad - Free > Mesh > Pick All
A B
E
F
G H
:(18-3)
: -7
:(19-3) ( )
7- File> Save as>
Directions : c:/USERS > )(
Save Database to: example-mesh.db ) (
>OK

- 219 -
-1 ( (L :

D
C

B

A

) :(19-3
-8 :
(
) ):(20-3
>8- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Lines

>)> OK ( >
) >LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = All DOF (
> OK
B C
D E
G
F
H
) :(20-3

- 220 -
-1 ( (L :
-9 :

1 1
).(21-3
2
: )(1 =50 Pound/inch.L
6 7 )(2 =500 Pound/inch.L
)(Lines
) :(21-3
:
)(Plot Ctrl> Numbering> LINE Line Numbers = On
)(Line 6)(Line 7
)(22-3):(23-3
9-1. Plot> Lines

>2. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Lines
)> (> Apply " "6

VALUE Load PRES Value = 50 )(Pound/inch ( )
VALUE )= 500 (Pound/inch ( )
> Apply
)> (> OK ""7
VALUE Load PRES Value = 500 )(Pound/inch ( )
VALUE = 50 )(Pound/inch ( )
> OK

- 221 -
-1 ( (L :
A L6
D C
E
F
) :(22-3
L7
) :(23-3

- 222 -
-1 ( (L :
-10 :
) (Solve ) (24-3 :
)(Solution is Done
.

D

L6 L7

A
B
) :( 24-3
-11 :
1-11 :

) (25-3):(26-3
11- 1. General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape> Def + undeformed > OK
A C
) :(25-3

- 223 -
-1 ( (L :
DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
DMX=0.001201
) :(26-3
2-11 ):(Von Mises

)(Von Mises
)(27-3) :(28-3
>11-2. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu
Stress> Von Mises Stress > OK
A B
C
) :(27-3 ) (Von Mises

- 224 -
-1 ( (L :
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
)SEQV (AVG
DMX=0.001201
SMN=4.80726
SMX=2753.45
) :(28-3 )(Von Mises
3-11 ): (Von Mises

)(Von Mises ( )
)(29-3) :(30-3
> 11-3. Plot Ctrls> Animate> Deformed Results
Stress> Von Mises SEQV > OK
B
C
) :(29-3 ) (Von Mises ()

- 225 -
-1 ( (L :
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
)SEQV (AVG
DMX=0.001201
SMN=4.80726
SMX=2753.45
4-11 :

)(31-3):(32-3
>11- 4- General Postproc> List Results> Reaction Solu
All Items> OK
A C
) :(31-3

- 226 -
-1 ( (L :
) :(32-3

- 227 -
-2 :
2-3 :

)(L=8m )(r=1m
)( = 90 )(t=0.35m )(0.1m
)(0.05m
) (q=5 107 N/m.L )(33-3
) .(Von Mises
= 190 109 2
= 0.25
q= 5 107 N/m.L : :
.
.
.

L=8m
X
= 90 =1m

Z

X Y
) :(33-3
-1 :
)(Shell 181 ) :(34-3

>1- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Shell> 3D 4node 181
>> OK
>> Options
Storage of Layer Data K8 (>OK> Close ) = Bottom 1st top last

- 228 -
-2 :
G
H
) :(34-3
-2 :
( (
):(35-3

> Isotropic
EX = 190e9 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.25 ( )

- 229 -
-2 :
B
A
C
D
E
) :(35-3
-3 :

)(36-3)(37-3 )(0.1m
):(0.05m
( ) 3- Preprocessor> Section> Shell> Lay-up>Add/Edit> Add Layer

(> )1-3
) > Summary (
) :(1-3
Thickness Material ID Orientation Pictorial View
() ( ) () ( )
5 1.0 1 0
4 0.05 1 45
3 0.05 1 90
2 0.05 1 -45
1 1.0 1 0

- 230 -
-2 :
A
B
) :(36-3
E
) :(37-3

) :(38-3
Preprocessor> Section> Shell> Lay-up>Plot Section> OK
):(1
.


- 231 -
-2 :

B

A

) :(38-3
-4 :

( ) )(Volumes Only

) (Areas and Below
. )(39-3):(40-3
>4-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volumes> Cylinder> By Dimension
RAD1 Outer Radius = 1 )(m ( )
RAD2 Optional Inner Radius = 0 )(m ( )
Z1,Z2 Z-Coordinates ( ) )= 0 , 8 (m
THETA1 Starting Angle (Degrees) = 0 )(m ( )
THETA2 Ending Angle (Degrees) = 90 )(m ( )
> OK
2. Isometric View .

- 232 -
-2 :
) :(39-3 ( )
3. Preprocessor> Modeling> Delete> Volumes Only> Pick All ( )

4. Plot> Area
>5. Preprocessor> Modeling> Delete> Areas and Below ( )
(> OK ) >
):(2

)(Ctrl .


- 233 -
-2 :
D
A D
) :(40-3
-5 :
)(25
)(60 )(41-3
) :(42-3
>5- Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tool

> 1. Lines :Set
>( )>
( ) No. of Element Divisions = 52
>Apply
>( )>
( ) No. of Element Divisions = 60
>OK

- 234 -
-2 :
2. Mesh: Areas: Quad - Free > Mesh > Pick All
D
H
Mesh:60
Mesh:25
A
Mesh:60
B
C I
Mesh:25
E
G
J
L
:(41-3)

- 235 -
-2 :
B
C
D E
) :(42-3
-6 ):(Static
)(Static
):(43-3
) :(43-3 " )"(Static

- 236 -
-2 :
-7 :

) :(44-3
7-1. Bottom View

>2. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Lines
> )> OK ( >
> OK

) :(44-3

- 237 -
-2 :
-8 :

):(45-3
8-1. Plot> Lines

>2. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Lines
(> Apply )>
VALUE Load PRES Value = 5e7 ( ) )(N/m.L
> OK
C
E
) :(45-3
-9 :
) (Solve ) (46-3 :

- 238 -
-2 :

D

A
B
) :( 46-3
-10 :
1-10 :

)(47-3) :(48-3
>10-1- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu
DOF Solution> Displacement Vector Sum
Undisplaced Shape Key = Deformed Shape with Undeformed Edge
) :(47-3

- 239 -
-2 :
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
USUM (AVG)
RSYS =0
DMX=0.006012
SMX=0.00601
Min=0 Max=0.00601
:(48-3)
:
PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of element= On
:
PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of element= Off
:(Von Mises) 2-10

( Von Mises)
:(50-3)(49-3)
10-2- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu>
Stress> Von Mises Stress > OK

- 240 -
-2 :
A B
C
) :(49-3 ) (Von Mises
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
)SEQV (AVG
DMX=0.006012
SMN=0.116E+09
SMX=0.181E+09
Min=0.116E+09 Max=0.181E+09
) :(3
.

- 241 -
-3 :
3-3 :

) (St ) (Al
) (20m )(51-3
) (4m
) ( = 120 .

= 200 , = 69 :

= 0.303 , = 0.334 :
)(A-A A = 13 106 , = 22.2 106 :
2m : :
Y
2m
.
X 20m A
Z
).(Path
) :(51-3 :
-1 :
):(52-3 ) (Plane183
>1- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Solid> 8node 183> OK
>Options
Element Shape K1 = Quadrilateral ( : )
Element Behavior K3 = Plane Strain : ) (
( : ) Element Formulation K6 = Pure Displacemnt
) :(a-52-3

- 242 -
-3 :
G
F
H
I
:(b-52-3)
: -2
( E(
:(55-3) (54-3) (53-3)
2- Preprocessor> Material props> Material models>

EX = 2e11 (2 ) )(
PRXY = 0.303 )(
2. Thermal Expansion> Instantaneous Coefficient> Isotropic

CTEX = 13e-6 )(

- 243 -
-3 :
B
A
C
D
E
:(53-3)
B A
:(54-3)
3. Material> New Material> OK

EX = 69e9 (2 ) )(
PRXY = 0.334 )(
5. Material model Number2> Thermal Expansion> Instantaneous Coefficient

> Isotropic
CTEX = 22.2e-6 )(

- 244 -
-3 :
B
G
D
H E
I F
) :(55-3
-3 :
):(56-3
>3- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Rectangle> By Dimensions

X1, X2 X-Coordinates = 0 , 20 ) (
Y1, Y2 Y-Coordinates = 0 , 2 ) (
> Apply
X1, X2 X-Coordinates = 0 , 20 ) (
Y1, Y2 Y-Coordinates = 0 , -2 ) (
> OK

- 245 -
-3 :
B
C
A F
) :(56-3
-4 :
):(57-3
4- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Glue> Areas> Pick All
) :(57-3
-5 :

):(59-3) (58-3

- 246 -
-3 :
5-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Elem Attributes>

[TYPE] = Plane183 )(
[MAT] = 1 ) 1 (
2. Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tools> Smart Size> Fine = 3 > Mesh
> )1 >( OK
3. Plot> Areas
4. Preprocessor> Modeling>Create> Elements> Elem Attributes>
[TYPE] = Plane183 )(
[MAT] = 2 ) 2 (
5. Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tools> Smart Size> Fine =3 >Mesh
> ) >( OK
C

D
E F
F
) (:(58-3)

- 247 -
-3 :
:
:
)(Preprocessor>Meshing> Mesh Tools> Element Attributes: Global: set
D

E
F H
) :(59-3 ()
-6 ):(Static
) (Static
):(60-3
6- Preprocessor> Load> Analysis Type> New Analysis Type> Static > OK

- 248 -
-3 :
C
A
) :(60-3 " )"(Static
-7 :
):(61-3

> > On Lines
)> All DOF> OK ( >
B
C
A D
E
) :(61-3

- 249 -
-3 :
-8 :
):(62-3
>8- Preprocessor> Load> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Temperature

> On Areas> Pick All
VAL1 Temperature = 120 ( )
C
D
A B
) :(62-3
-9 :
) (63-3 : ) (Solve
A B
) :(63-3

- 250 -
-3 :
: -10
: 1-10
:(65-3) (64-3)
10- 1- General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape> Def + undeformed> OK
A C
:(64-3)
DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
DMX=0.127771
:(65-3)
: 2-10
(68-3) (67-3) (66-3)
:(69-3)
10-2- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu> DOF Solution
> X-Component of Displacement> Apply
> Y-Component of Displacement> Apply
> Displacement Vector Sum > OK

- 251 -
-3 :
:(66-3)
NODAL SOLUTION NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1 Step=1
SUB=1 SUB=1
TIME=1 TIME=1
UY (AVG) UX (AVG)
RSYS=0 RSYS=0
DMX=0.127771 DMX=0.127771
SMN=-0.006383 SMX=0.076048
SMX=0.113691
Min=-0.006383 Max=0.113691 Min=0 Max=0.076048
(Y) :(68-3) (X) :(67-3)
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
USUM (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX=0.127771
SMX=0.127771
Min=0 Max=0.127771
:(69-3)

- 252 -
-3 :
: 3-10
):(70-3
10-3- General Postproc> Plot Results> Vector Plot> Predefined> OK
B C
Min=0 Max=0.127771
) :(70-3
: 4-10
)(71-3
):(72-3
10-4- General Postproc> List Results> Reaction Solu> All Items> OK

- 253 -
-3 :
C
A
) :(71-3
) :(72-3
: 5-10
:
):(73-3 )1
>10-5-1. General Postproc> Path Operations> Define Path> By Location
Define Path Name = p1 ( )
Number of Points =2 ( )
Number of Data Sets = 40 ( )
Number of Divisions = 40 ( )

- 254 -
-3 :
>OK>
Path Point Number =1 ) (
X,Y,Z Location in Global CS = 0, 0, 0 ) (
>OK>
Path Point Number =2 ) (
X,Y,Z Location in Global CS = 20, 0, 0 ) (
>OK> Cancel
C
D
F
G
I
J
K L
:(73-3)

- 255 -
-3 :
) 2
:(74-3)
2. General Postproc> Path Operations> Map onto Path>
1. UX > Apply
2. UY > Apply
3. USUM > OK
B C
D
A
:(74-3)
) 3
:(75-3)
3. General Postproc> Path Operations> Plot Path Item> On Graph>
1. UX > Apply
2. UY > Apply
3. USUM > OK

- 256 -
-3 :
POST1
STEP=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
PATH PLOT
UX
)(UX
A

)(DIST
POST1 POST1
STEP=1 STEP=1
SUB=1 SUB=1
TIME=1 TIME=1
PATH PLOT PATH PLOT
USUM UY
)(USUM )(UY

)(DIST )(DIST
) :(75-3 ""

) (UX ) (UY

.

- 257 -
-3 :
)(76-3 )4
):(77-3
4. General Postproc> List Results> Path Item> OK> UX, UY, USUM> OK
) :(76-3

- 258 -
-3 :
) :(77-3

- 259 -
-4 )(Probabilistic Design :
4-3 :
)(Probabilistic Design
)(100mm )(1mm
)(78-3 )(P )(Mean=100N
) .(Standard deviation=10N
)(0.1mm
)(10% .
:
) :(2-3
)(Distribution
Gaussian
210.0 N/mm2 _
Standard deviation: 3 - 5 percent
Uniform
8.0e-6 kg/mm3
Standard deviation: 5 percent
:
) (Probabilistic Design (
) :
. :
.1 .
.2 ).(0.525mm
.3 )(90%.
.4 .
=
Mean Value = 100 .5 )(Scatter Plot
Std. Deviation = 10
.
1mm 0.1 .6
) (Correlation Coefficients
.
: :
100mm 0.1
) :(78-3
).(Probabilistic Design

.
.

- 260 -
.
)(Scatter Plot .
:
)(Probabilistic Design.

) (Probabilistic Design System PDS
)(Parameters )(Inputs ) .(Outputs
-1 ( ):
)(ANSYS
):(79-3
>1- Utility Menu> File>Read Input from
C:/ > Program Files> Ansys Inc> V140> ANSYS> data> models> plate.mac
) (Shell181 ) (16
) (256 :
EX = 210 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
DENS = 8e-6 ) ) (3 (

C
A

) :(79-3 ( )
)(80-3)(81-3 .

- 261 -

) :(81-3 ) :(80-3
-2 :
) (C )(plate.mac
) :(82-3
2-1. C:/ > Program Files> Ansys Inc> V140> ANSYS> data> models> plate.mac
(>Copy ) >
)(plate.mac (
.)ANSYS
2. Main Menu> Prob Design> Analysis File> Assign
File name= plate.mac
>OK
C
A
) :(82-3
-3 ):(Input Variables
)(distribution functions
:
.1 )(LENGTH : " "
)(Uniform ):(83-3

- 262 -
(Probabilistic Design) -4 :
3- Prob Design> Prob Definitns> Random Input >Add...

1. Select a Parameter = LENGTH )(
Distribution Type = Uniform )(
>OK
Lower Boundary = LENGTH-0.1 ) (
Upper Boundary = LENGTH+0.1 ) (
>OK
>Add...
0
B
D
F
G
" " :(83-3)
" " :( THICKNESS) .2

: (Uniform)
2. Select a Parameter = THICKNESS )(
Distribution Type = Uniform )(
>OK

- 263 -
Lower Boundary = THICKNESS -0.1 ( )

Upper Boundary = THICKNESS +0.1 ( )
>OK
>Add...
.3 ) (YOUNG : " "
)(Gauss :
3. Select a Parameter = YOUNG ( )
Distribution Type = Gauss ( )
>OK
Mean value = YOUNG ( )
Standard deviation = 0.05*YOUNG ( )
>OK
>Add...
.4 ) (DENSITY : " "
)(Uniform :
4. Select a Parameter = DENSITY ( )
Distribution Type = Uniform ( )
>OK
Lower Boundary = 0.5*DENSITY ( )
Upper Boundary = 1.5*DENSITY ( )
>OK
>Add...
.5 ) (FORCE " "
)(LOG1 :
5. Select a Parameter = FORCE ( )
Distribution Type = LOG1 ( )
>OK
Mean value = FORCE ( )
Standard deviation = 0.1*FORCE ( )
>OK
> Close
)(84-3 .

- 264 -
) :(84-3 " "
-4 ):(Output Variables

) :(85-3
4- Prob Design> Prob Definitns> Random Output >Add...
1. Select a Parameter = MAXDEFLECTION
>OK
>Add...
2. Select a Parameter = MAXSTRESS
>OK
> Close
D
A
B
) :(85-3 " "
)(86-3 .

- 265 -
) :(86-3 " "
-5 ) (Monte Carlo simulations :

)(Latin Hypercube sampling

).(Direct Monte Carlo Sampling
)(40 ) (1
)(40 )(40 .
)(Monte Carlo .
)(87-3) :(88-3
5-1. Prob Design> Prob Method> Monte Carlo Sims
>Latin Hypercube
>OK
Number of Simulations = 40
Number of Repetitions = 1
Random Sampling
Execute ALL Sims
Use 123457 INIT
>OK
2. Prob Design> Run> Exec Serial> Run Serial

Solution Set Label = LHSRUN
>OK
>OK
) (40 ).(Close

- 266 -
D
E
F
(Monte Carlo) :(87-3)

- 267 -
) :(88-3 )(Monte Carlo
-6 :
.1
(
). )(89-3) :(90-3
6-1. Prob Design> Prob Results> Statistics> Sampl History
Prob Design Variable= MAXDEFLECTION
Select Plot Type = Samples
>OK

- 268 -
B
A
( Simulation Sample Values) :(89-3)

(Max Deflection)

MEAN 0.39912E+00
STDEV 0.71604E-01
SKEW 0.18211E+00
KURT -0.83772E+00
MIN 0.27082E+00
MAX 0.53882E+00
(Number of Samples(
( Simulation Sample Values) :(90-3)
( Mean values of Samples) .2

:(92-3)(91-3)
2. Prob Design> Prob Results> Statistics> Sampl History
Prob Design Variable = MAXDEFLECTION
Select Plot Type = Mean values
>OK

- 269 -
B
A
) :(91-3 ) (Mean values of Samples

)(Max Deflection

MEAN 0.39912E+00
STDEV 0.71604E-01
SKEW 0.18211E+00
KURT -0.83772E+00
MIN 0.27082E+00
MAX 0.53882E+00
Confidence Limit
95.00%
((Number of Samples
) :(92-3 ) (Mean values of Samples
)(92-3
.
.3 )(histogram
)(93-3):(94-3

- 270 -
3. Prob Design> Prob Results> Statistics> Histogram

>OK
( histogram) :(93-3)
(Relative Frequency)

MEAN 0.39912E+00
STDEV 0.71604E-01
SKEW 0.18211E+00
KURT -0.83772E+00
MIN 0.27082E+00
MAX 0.53882E+00
(Max Deflection(
( histogram) :(94-3)

- 271 -
.4 )(Histogram
) (YOUNG " ". ) (ANSYS
)(Histogram .
)(Histogram
)(YOUNG .
)(95-3) :(96-3
4. Prob Design> Prob Results> Statistics> Histogram
Prob Design Variable = YOUNG
>OK
A B
) :(95-3 ) (Histogram

- 272 -
)(Relative Frequency

MEAN 0.21010E+06
STDEV 0.11339E+05
SKEW 0.23707E+00
KURT 0.11346E+01
MIN 0.18193E+06
MAX 0.24326E+06
((Young
) :(96-3 ) (Histogram
)(96-3 )(Histogram
.
.5 :
)(97-3):(98-3
5. Prob Design> Prob Results> Statistics> CumulativeDF
Prob Design Variable = MAXDEFLECTION >OK
B
A
C

) :(97-3

- 273 -
)(Probability in%
MEAN 0.39912E+00

STDEV 0.71604E-01
SKEW 0.18211E+00
KURT -0.83772E+00
MIN 0.27082E+00
MAX 0.53882E+00
Confidence Limit
95.00%
((Max Deflection
) :(98-3
)(98-3 )(96%
).(0.525mm
.6 ):(0.525mm
)(99-3) :(100-3
6. Prob Design> Prob Results> Statistics> Probabilities
Relation Label = Less than
Limit Value = 0.525
>OK
>...
( ) > Close

- 274 -
A C
D
) :(99-3 )(0.525mm
) :(100-3 ) (0.525mm
) (100-3 )(0.525mm
).(96.36%
.7 )(90%
)(101-3):(102-3

- 275 -
7. Prob Design> Prob Results> Statistics> Inverse Prob

Target Probability = 0.90
>OK
>...
( ) > Close
C
A
):(101-3 ) (90%

):(102-3 ) (90%
)(102-3 ( )(90%
)) .(0.512mm
.

- 276 -
-7 ):(Perform trend
)(Sensitivity

)(Random Input Variables .
.1
)(103-3) :(104-3
7-1. Prob Design> Prob Results> Trends> Sensitivities
Select Response Param = MAXDEFLECTION
>OK
) :(103-3

- 277 -
Significant:
THICKNESS
) :(104-3
) (Legend ) (104-3
)(THICKNESS .
.2
) :(105-3
2. Prob Design> Prob Results> Trends> Sensitivities
Select Response Param = MAXSTRESS
>OK
Significant:
THICKNESS
FORCE
) :(105-3

- 278 -
)(Legend ) (105-3
)(THICKNESS )(FORCE .
.3 )(Scatter Plot
)(106-3):(107-3
3. Prob Design> Prob Results> Trends> Scatter Plot

Name 1 Select Parameter = THICKNESS
Name 2 Select Parameter = MAXDEFLECTION
>OK
B
C
) :(106-3 ) (Scatter Plot

- 279 -
)(Max Deflection

((THICKNESS
) :(107-3 ) (Scatter Plot
)(107-3
) (0.91.1
)(40
.
.4 )(Correlation Coefficients (
) (
) )(108-3) :(109-3
4. Prob Design> Prob Results> Trends> Correl Matrix

Type of Matrix = Input-Output
>OK
>OK
>...
( ) > Close

- 280 -
C
A
( Correlation Coefficients) :(108-3)
( Correlation Coefficients) :(109-3)

- 281 -
-8 :
)(HTML
:
.1
) :(110-3
8-1. Prob Design> Prob Results> Report> Report Options >OK
A
B
) :(110-3
.2 ) :(111-3
>2. Prob Design> Prob Results> Report> Generated Report
FILE Report File Name (max32) = Example ( )
FNAM Your First Name (max32) = Mutaz ( )
LNAM Your Last Name (max32) = Hussein ( )
: )(32 .
B
C
D
E
A
) :(111-3

- 282 -
)(Folder
) :(
) ).(112-3 ): (*.html(
) :(112-3

- 283 -
-2 )(Beam :
2-4 :
)(Beam
) (15inch
) (5inch ) (5inch )(0.25inch
) (46-4
.
= 5200
5 inch
10
40.5 = 3 10

15
= 2 1011
5 inch
: :
) :(46-4
.
).(Beam
.
).(Beam
).(Path
):(1
) :(Extrude
.
):(2

.
:
-1 :
) (Solid65) (Shell181) (Beam188

):(47-4
Add: 1. Solid > concrete 65 > Apply
2. Shell > 3D 4node 181 > Apply
3. Beam > 2node 188 > OK
) :(3 ) (Shell 181 .

- 317 -
-2 )(Beam :
C D
J
I
L
) :(47-4

- 318 -
-2 )(Beam :
-2 :
) (Real Constant
):(48-4
2- Preprocessor> Real Constant> Add/Edit/Delete>Add:

> Solid65> OK
C
A
) :(48-4

- 319 -
-2 )(Beam :
-3 :

)(50-4) (49-4
):(51-4

EX ))(= 3e10 ( ( )
PRXY = 0.2 ( )
2. Structural>Nonlinear> Inelastic> Non-metal Plasticity> Concrete
Open Shear Transfer Coef = 0.3 ( )
Closed Shear Transfer Coef =1 ( )
Uniaxial Cracking Stress = 520 ) (() ( )
Uniaxial Crushing Stress = -1 ( )
: ) (-1 .
3. Material> New Material
EX ))(= 2e11 ( ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
B
A
C
D
E
) :(49-4

- 320 -
-2 )(Beam :
B
A
C
) :(50-4
D
E B
F
) :(51-4
-4 :
):(52-4
Name = d 0.5 ( )
)( = Sub-Type ( )
R = 0.25 ( )
N = 20 ( )
T =2 ( )
Apply> Preview> Mesh View> Ok
2. Plot> Replot

- 321 -
-2 )(Beam :
B
C
D
E
F
J G
K
H
II
) :(52-4
-5 ):(WP
) (Work Plane
) (Y ) (90
) (YZ ) .(30
) (WX,WY ( ) .
):(53-4
)5-1. Work Plane> Display WorkPlane (On
( ) 2. Work Plane> WP Setting> Grid and Triad> OK
( ) 3. Work Plane> Offset WP by Increments> +Y= (3 Click)> OK

- 322 -
-2 )(Beam :
C E
3 Clicks
D
G
) :(53-4
-6 :

) (54-4
:
>6-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Rectangle> By Dimension
X1 , X2 X-Coordinates = 0 , 5 )(inch ( )
Y1 , Y2 Y-Coordinates = 0 , 5 )(inch ( )
> OK
)2. Work Plane> Display WorkPlane = (Off
3. Isometric View
4. Right View
):(4
( )
) (WX,WY ) (YZ
( )
).(XY

- 323 -
-2 )(Beam :
B
C
A ) :(54-4
-7 :
) (55 inch ) (1 inch ) (5

) (Z ) (5 ) (Y
) (55-4):(56-4
1. Lines> Set > Pick All
No. of Element Divisions = 5 ) (
2. Element Attributes: Global> Set> Shell 181
3. Mesh: Areas: Quad - Mapped > Mesh> Pick All> Close
A
B
) :(a-55-4

- 324 -
-2 )(Beam :
) :(b-55-4
A B
D
E E
G
) :(56-4

- 325 -
-2 )(Beam :
-8 :
( )
( ) ):(57-4
>8- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Extrude> Elem Ext Opts

][MAT =1 ( 1 )
][Real ( 1 ) (Real Constant ) = 1
VAL1 No. Elem divs =8 ( )X
ACLEAR Clear area(s) after ext = Yes ( )
) :(57-4
-9 :

):(58-4
9- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Extrude> Areas> By XYZ Offset> Pick All

( DX, DY ,DZ Offsets for Extrusion = 15 , 0 , 0 (Inch) )X
>OK

- 326 -
-2 )(Beam :
B
A
) :(58-4
-10 :

) . (Ctrl+ Right Click
) (59-4):(60-4
10-1. Plot> Elements

2. Plot> Nodes
3. Oblique View ( )
) :(60-4 ) :(59-4

- 327 -
-2 )(Beam :
-11 :

):(61-4
>11- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Elem Attributes

][TYPE = Beam 188 ( )
][MAT =2 ( 2 )
[SECNUM] =d0.5 ( )
>OK
B
C
) :(61-4
-12 :

):(62-4
>12- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Auto Numbered> Thru Nodes

( >Apply )

) (OK ) (Apply .

- 328 -
-2 )(Beam :
) :(62-4
-13 :
( )
):(63-4
13- Select> Entities> Elements> By Attributes> Material num: Min, Max, Inc= 2
Apply> Plot> OK
B
C
D
A
E
I
F
G G
) :(63-4

- 329 -
-2 )(Beam :
-14 :
( )
):(64-4
14- PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of Element= on
) :(64-4

- 330 -
-2 )(Beam :
-15 :

):(65-4
15-1. Select> Every Things
2. Plot > Elements
) :(65-4
-16 :
):(66-4
16-1. Front View

>2. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Nodes
)>OK> All DOF>OK ( >Box
) :(a-66-4

- 331 -
-2 )(Beam :
F
D
) :(b-66-4
-17 :

):(67-4
17-1. Isometric View
> 2. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment> On Nodes
>( )> )(a-68-4
Direction of Force/Mom = FZ ( )
Value = 8000 ( )
) :(a-67-4

- 332 -
-2 )(Beam :
) :(b-67-4
-18 :

):(68-4
18- List> Load> Force> On All Nodes
) :(68-4
-19 :
) (5 ) (5
):(69-4
Basic:
Time at end of load step = 5 ( )

- 333 -
-2 )(Beam :

Number of substeps:
Number of substeps =5 ( )
Max no. of substeps = 11 ) (
Min no. of substeps =5 ) (
Frequency = Write every substep ( )
B
C
E
) :(69-4
-21 :
) (Solve ) (70-4 :
). (Solution is Done
A B
) :(70-4

- 334 -
-2 )(Beam :
-21 :
) (Read
):(71-4
21- General Postproc> Read Results> By Pick> Time=45> Read> Close
B
A
C
) :(71-4
-22 :
) (Von Mises
) (72-4):(73-4
>22- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot>Nodal Solu
Stress> Von Mises Stress> OK
A
B
C
) :(72-4 ) (Von Mises

- 335 -
(Beam) -2 :
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=8
TIME=4.5
SEQV (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX=0.350E-04
SMN=6.80504
SMX=125496
Min=6.80504 Max=125496
(Von Mises) :(73-4)
: -23
( Displacement Vector Sum)

:(75-4)( 74-4)
23- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu>
DOF Solution> Displacement Vector Sum> OK
C
( Displacement Vector Sum) :(74-4)

- 336 -
-2 )(Beam :
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=8
TIME=4.5
)USUM (AVG
RSYS=0
DMX=0.350E-04
SMN=0.350E-04
Min=0 Max=0.350E-04
) :(75-4
-24 :
.1 :
Scale factor= Off >OK
.2 ):(76-4
>2. Plot Ctrls> Style> Translucency> By Value
Lab Apply Translucency to: Elements> OK ( )
TLEVEL Translucency Level (0-1) = 1 ( )
3. Plot> Replot .3 :
D
) :(76-4

- 337 -
-2 )(Beam :
.4 ):(77-4
4. General Postproc> Plot Results> Concrete Plot> Crack/Crash> OK
) :(77-4
.5 :
Lab Apply Translucency to ( ) = Elements
> OK
TLEVEL Translucency Level (0-1) = 1 ( )
> OK
-25 :
:
.1 ):(63-4
25-1. Select> Entities> Elements> By Attributes> Material num:
Min, Max, Inc= 2
Apply> Plot> OK
.2 ):(72-4
>2. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot>Nodal Solu
Stress> Von Mises Stress
).(78-4

- 338 -
-2 )(Beam :
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
TIME=4.5
)SEQV (AVG
DMX=0.306E-04
SMN=6.80504
SMX=125496
Min=6.80504 Max=125496
) :(78-4 ) (Von Mises
.3 :
3. Select> EveryThing
4. Plot > Replot
-26 :
:
.1 ):(79-4
26-1. Plot> Nodes
)> (Ctrl+ Right Click
) :(79-4

- 339 -
-2 )(Beam :
.2 ):(80-4
2. General Postproc> Path Operations> Define Path> By Nodes
( ) >
Name Define Path Name : bar 1 ( )
A C
) :(80-4

- 340 -
-2 )(Beam :
.3 ):(81-4
>3. General Postproc> Path Operations> Plot Path
) :(81-4
.4 ):(82-4
>4. General Postproc> Path Operations> Map onto Path
Item to be Mapped: DOF UZ ( )
B
C
D
A
) :(82-4

- 341 -
-2 )(Beam :
.5
):(83-4
5. General Postproc> Path Operations> Plot Path Item> On Graph >UZ>OK
(UZ) :
POST1
A Step=1
TIME=4.5
PATH PLOT
NOD1=33
NOD2=69
UZ
(DIST) :
) :(83-4

- 342 -
: -3 )(Link180
3-4 :

)(Link180
) (84-4 ) (2.3m
)(210 ) (40cm ) (15cm ) (212
) (8/20 ) (3.5cm
)(3cm
210 .
8/20 = 25
40 cm
4
212
= 2 10
2.3
= 360
15 cm . = 240
) :(84-4 = 2 105
: :
.
).(Link
.
).(Link
.
:
-1 :
) (Solid65) (Link180) (Solid185
):(85-4
2. Link > 3D finit stn 180 > Apply
3. Solid > Brick 8node 185 > OK
):(1
- ) (Link180
.
. - ) (Solid185

- 343 -
: -3 )(Link180
C D
G
F
I
H
K
) :(85-4

- 344 -
: -3 )(Link180
-2 :
) (Real Constant
) (Link180
):(86-4
2- Preprocessor> Real constant> Add/Edit/Delete>Add:

1. Type 1 Solid65> OK
( ) Real Constant Set No. = 25
>OK>Add
2. Type 2 Link180> OK
Real Constant Set No. = 12 ( )
AREA )= 113 (mm2 ) (
)>OK (or: >Apply
3. Type 2 Link180> OK
Real Constant Set No. = 10 ) (
AREA )= 5.87 (mm2 ) (
)>OK (or: >Apply
4. Type 2 link180> OK
Real Constant Set No. = 8 ( )
AREA )= 50.24 (mm2 ( )
>OK >Close
A
E
D F
) :(a-86-4

- 345 -
: -3 )(Link180
D
E

)(12mm
G
H

)(10mm
J
K

)(8mm
L
M
) :(b-86-4
):(2
) (solid185 ).(Real Constant

- 346 -
(Link180) -3 :
: -3

:(91-4) (90-4) (89-4) (88-4) (87-4)

1. Material> New Material> Define Material ID=25 )(
2. Material Model Number 1 > Edit> Delete
3. Material Model Number 25>Structural>Linear> Elastic> Isotropic
EX = 2e4 (2 ) )(
PRXY = 0.2 )(
Open Shear Transfer Coef = 0.5 ) (
Closed Shear Transfer Coef = 1 ) (
Uniaxial Cracking Stress = 2.5 (2 ) ) (
Uniaxial Crushing Stress = 25 (2 ) )(
5. Structural>Nonlinear> Inelastic> Rate-Independent>
Isotropic Hardening Plasticity> Mises Plasticity> Multilinear> Add Point
-
(
STRAN STRESS
) E
0.001 20
0.002 25
0.003 25
6. Material> New Material> Define Material ID=360 ) (

7. Material Model Number 360> Structural>Linear> Elastic> Isotropic
EX = 2e5 (2 ) ) (
PRXY = 0.3 ) (
8. Model Number2> Structural>Nonlinear> Inelastic> Rate-Independent>
Isotropic Hardening Plasticity> Mises Plasticity> Bilinear
Yield stss = 360 (2 ) )(
Tang Mod = 360 (
)
9. Material> New Material> Define Material ID=242 )(
10. Material Model Number 240> Structural>Linear> Elastic> Isotropic
EX = 2e5 (2 ) )(
PRXY = 0.3 )(

- 347 -
: -3 )(Link180
Yield stss = 240 ) (2 ( )

Tang Mod = 240 ) (
) (SAVE-DB ) :(3
).(RESUM-DB ( )
Right Click
B
E
F
C
A
D
K
J
) :(87-4

- 348 -
: -3 )(Link180
A
C
D
) :(88-4
E
B
G
H
I
) :(89-4

- 349 -
: -3 )(Link180
C E
G
H
) :(90-4
) :(91-4

- 350 -
: -3 )(Link180
-4 :
):(92-4
>4-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volume> Block> By Dimension
X1 , X2 = 0 , 2300 )(mm ) (
Y1 , Y2 = 0 , 400 )(mm ( )
Z1 , Z2 = -75 , 75 )(mm ( )
> Apply
>2. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volume> Block> By Dimension
X1 , X2 = 50 , 150 )(mm ) (
= Y1 , Y2 0 , -25 )(mm ( )
Z1 , Z2 = -75 , 75 )(mm ( )
> Apply
>3. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volume> Block> By Dimension
X1 , X2 = 2150 , 2250 )(mm ) (
= Y1 , Y2 0 , -25 )(mm ( )
Z1 , Z2 = -75 , 75 )(mm ( )
> OK
D
A
) :(92-4

- 351 -
: -3 )(Link180
-7 :
) (Areas

.
- :

) (35mm . ( )
) (93-4):(94-4
> 5-A-1. Select> Entities> Areas> By Location> Y coordinates= 0
From Full >Apply> Plot>OK
2. Isometric View
3. Preprocessor> Modeling> Copy> Areas> Pick All
Number of Copies-Including Original- = 2 ( )
DY )= 35 (mm ( )Y
> Apply
DY ( = 365 (mm) ) Y
> Ok
5. Select> Every thing
6. Plot> Areas
A B
C
E
I
I
H F
G G
) :(93-4 )(Y

- 352 -
: -3 )(Link180
A E
I F
) :(2 )(Y ) :(1 )(Y

) :(94-4 )(DY

- 353 -
: -3 )(Link180
- :

) (30mm ) (
) (95-4):(96-4 .
> 5-B-1. Select> Entities> Areas> By Location> Z coordinates= -75
DZ )= 30 (mm ( )Z
> Apply
DZ ( = 120 (mm) ) Z
> Ok
5. Plot> Areas
A B
C
E
I
H F
G G
) :(95-4 )(Z

- 354 -
: -3 )(Link180
A E
I F
) :(2 )(Z ) :(1 )(Z

) :(96-4 )(DZ

- 355 -
(Link180) -3 :
:) ( .

.(200mm) ) (
:(100-4) (99-4) (98-4) (97-4)
5-C-1. Select> Entities> Areas> By Location> X coordinates= 0 >
Number of Copies-Including Original- = 2 )(
DX = 150 (mm) )X (
> OK
3. Select> Entities> Areas> By Location> X coordinates= 150 >
> Reselect >Apply> Plot >OK
DX = 200 (mm) )X (
> OK
From Full >Apply> Plot >OK
DX = 50 (mm) )X (
> OK
From Full >Apply> Plot >OK
DX = 2250 (mm) )X (
> OK
10. Plot> Volumes

- 356 -
: -3 )(Link180
A B
C
D
E
I
H F
G G
) :(97-4
C
D
A E
) :(98-4 ) (X )(DX=150mm

- 357 -
: -3 )(Link180
A B
C
D
E
I
H F
G G
) :(99-4 ) (X=150mm
C
D
A E
) :(100-4 ) (X )(DX=200mm

- 358 -
: -3 )(Link180
-6 :

):(101-4
>6- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Divide> Volume by Area
> Pick All> Pick All
B C
) :(101-4

- 359 -
: -3 )(Link180
-7 :

):(102-4
7- Preprocessor> Numbering Ctrls> Merge Items :
LABEL Type of Item to be Merge = All
>OK
) :(102-4
-8 :

: .
. :
) (103-4):(104-4
>8-A-1. Select> Entities
1) Lines> By Location> Z coordinates= -45 > From Full > Apply> Plot
2) Lines> By Location> Z coordinates= 45 > Also Select> Apply> Plot
3) Lines> By Location> Y coordinates= 35 > Reselect > Apply> Plot

- 360 -
(Link180) -3 :
A
B
C
M
D
E I N
F
G O
J
G K P
H
L Q R
1 2 3
:(103-4)
2. Select> Component Manager>
Create a New Component> Lines> Pick Entities> )Bot_Steel(> OK>Pick All
4. Plot> Lines
B
A H
F G
(Bot_Steel) :(104-4)

- 361 -
(Link180) -3 :
: .
:(106-4)( 105-4)
8-B-1. Select> Entities>
1) Lines> By Location> Z coordinates= -45 > From Full > Apply> Plot
2) Lines> By Location> Z coordinates= 45 > Also Select> Apply> Plot
3) Lines> By Location> Y coordinates= 365 > Reselect > Apply> Plot
A
B
C
M
D
E I N
F
G O
J
G K P
H
L Q R
1 2 3
:(105-4)

Create a New Component> Lines> Pick Entities> )Top_Steel(> OK>Pick All
4. Plot> Lines

- 362 -
(Link180) -3 :
B
A H
F G
(Top_Steel) :(106-4)
: .
:(108-4)( 107-4)
8-C-1. Select> Entities>
1) Lines> By Location > Z coordinates= -45, 45 > From Full > Apply> Plot
2) Lines> By Location > Y coordinates= 35, 365 > Reselect > Apply> Plot
3) Lines> By Num/Pick> Reselect > OK>
2. Front View > Fit View >Box> )>(
3. Top View > Box> )(

- 363 -
(Link180) -3 :
A
B
C N
I
D
E J
F O
K
G L P
H
M
V
1 2
Q
S U
5 4 3
T R
:(107-4)
4. Isometric View
Create a New Component> Lines> Pick Entities> ) Strips( > OK>Pick All
7. Plot> Lines
8. Plot> Volumes

- 364 -
: -3 )(Link180
B
A H
F G
) :(108-4 )(Strips
-9 :
:
.
-1-9 :
( )

) (50mm .
) (109-4) (110-4):(111-4
: 81
>9-1-1. Select> Entities
Volumes> By Location> Y coordinates= 0, 400 > From Full> Apply> Plot
>Cancel
: 82
>2. Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tool
>a. Element Attributes: Global> Set

- 365 -
: -3 )(Link180
[TYPE] = Solid65 ( )
[MAT] = 25 ) ( 25
[Real] = 25 ( 25 ) (Real Constant )
b. Lines> Set > (Pick All): SIZE Element Edge Length = 50 > OK
( .)50mm
c. Global> Set> 50> OK ( )05
d. Mesh: Volumes: Hex/Wedge - Sweep > Sweep > Pick All
A
B
C
E
F
G
H
) :(109-4
C
B
D
E
) :(110-4

- 366 -
: -3 )(Link180
A
D
B
F
H
I
J
) :(111-4
-2-9 :

).(112-4 ) (50mm

- 367 -
: -3 )(Link180
:
9-2-1. Select> Every thing
2. Plot> Volumes
>3. Select> Entities
Volumes> By Location> Y coordinates= -25,0 > From Full> Apply> Plot
>Cancel
[MAT] = 360 ) ( 360
[Real] = 25 ( ) (Real Constant )
>b. Global> Set
SIZE Element Edge Length= 50> OK ( )05
c. Mesh: Volumes: Hex/Wedge - Sweep > Sweep > Pick All
):(4

.
) :(112-4
-3-9 :

) (200mm . ) (

- 368 -
: -3 )(Link180
) (113-4):(114-4
>9-3-1. Select> Component Manager
Name: (Bot_Steel)> Display Component/ Assembly
> Select Component/ Assembly
A E
B C D
) :(113-4
):(5
( )
) (113-4
.
[TYPE] = Link180 ( )
[MAT] = 360 ) ( 360
b. Mesh: Lines> Mesh > Pick All.>Close

- 369 -
: -3 )(Link180
C
B D
E
H I
) :(114-4
-4-9 :

(
) (200mm . )
) (107-4):(108-4

Name: (Top_Steel) > Display Component/ Assembly
[MAT] = 360 ) ( 360

- 370 -
: -3 )(Link180
-5-9 :

(
) ) (90 mm ) (330 mm .
:

Name: (Strips) > Display Component/ Assembly
[MAT] = 240 ) ( 240
4. Plot > Elements
-10 :

) (115-4):(116-4
10-1. Front View > Fit View >

( > Box )> OK
UX-UY-UZ>Apply
( > Box )> OK
UY-UZ >OK

- 371 -
: -3 )(Link180
A
C
) :(115-4
) :(a-116-4

- 372 -
: -3 )(Link180
) :(b-116-4
-11 :
)(150 000 N
)(x=1150mm
) (UY
. )(118-4) (117-4
):(119-4
: 81
>11-1. Select> Entities
Areas> By Location> X coordinates= 1150 > From Full> Apply> Plot >OK
):(UY 82
>2. Preprocessor> Coupling/Ceqn> Couple DOFs
Front View (> Oblique View ) >> Box >OK
Set Reference Number =1
( UY ) Degree-of-Freedom Label = UY
: 83
> 3. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment> On Nodes
Single> Oblique View ( ) >
Value )= -150 000 (N ( )
5. Plot > Elements
):(6
(Oblique View )
.

- 373 -
: -3 )(Link180
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
) :(117-4 ) (X=1150mm )(UY
A
Front View
E
F
G Oblique View
) :(118-4 )(UY

- 374 -
: -3 )(Link180
) :(119-4
-12 :

):(120-4
12-1. List> Load> Force> On All Nodes
2. Plot> Elements
( )(Boundary Conditions
) :
3. PlotCtrls> Symbols> All Applied BCs

- 375 -
(Link180) -3 :
:(120-4)
: -13
(150000)
:(121-4)
13- Solution> Analysis Type> Soln Controls>
Basic:
Time at end of load step = 150 000 ) (
Automatic Time Stepping = On
Time increment:
Time Step Size = 1000 )(
Minimum Time Step = 500 )(
Maximum Time Step = 10 000 )(
Soln options:
Frequency = Write every substep
Nonlinear:
Line search = On
DOF solution predictor = On for all substep
Maximum number of iterations= 20
Advanced NL:
Program Behavior upon Nonconvergence = Terminate but Do Not Exit
.) (

- 376 -
: -3 )(Link180
B
C
D F
J
K
) :(a-121-4

- 377 -
: -3 )(Link180
) :(b-121-4
-14 :
) (122-4 ) (Solve
:
14- Solution> Solve> Current LS> OK
) (error ) (64612
).(64612 N= 6.4 ton
A B
) :(122-4 ) (Error

- 378 -
: -3 )(Link180
-15 :

) (Set=56, Time=1.5E5, Substep=999999
) (Read .
):(123-4
A
B
C
) :(123-4
-16 :
) (124-4):(125-4
16- General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape> OK
A B
) :(124-4

- 379 -
(Link180) -3 :
DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=55
TIME=64112.1
DMX=11.9332
:(125-4)
: - 17
( Y-Component of Displacement)
:(127-4)( 126-4)
DOF Solution> Y-Component of Displacement> OK
C
( Y-Component of Displacement) :(126-4)

- 380 -
(Link180) -3 :
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=55
TIME=64112.1
UY (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX=11.9332
SMN=-9.97258
SMX=1.07127
Min=-9.97208 Max=1.07127
(UY) :(127-4)
: -18
( X-Component of Stress)
:(129-4)( 128-4)
18- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot>Nodal Solu>
Sterss> X-Component of Stress> OK
C
( X-Component of Stress) :(128-4)

- 381 -
: -3 )(Link180
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=55
TIME=64112.1
)SX (AVG
RSYS=0
DMX=11.9332
SMN=-28.1206
SMX=5.20214
Min=-28.1206 Max=5.20214
) :(129-4 )(X
-19 :

.
81 :
Scale factor= Off
82 :
>2. PlotCtrls> Device Options
Vector mode (wireframe) = On
):(130-4 83

- 382 -
(Link180) -3 :
:(130-4)
: -20
:
: ) ( 81
20-1. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu>
Scale factor = Auto Calculated
82
:(131-4)
2. General Postproc> Element Table> Define table> Add
LAB User Label for Item = stress
Item ,Comp Results Data Item = By Sequence Num , LS
LS, 1 >OK> Close
:(7)
. :LS
.(Line Result Elastic Strain) :LEPEL
.(Line Result Plastic Strain) :LEPPL
.(I) :LS, 1
.(J) :LS, 2

- 383 -
(Link180) -3 :
A H
D F
:(131-4)
: 83
3-A. Select> Component Manager>
Name: (Bot-Steel) > Display Component/ Assembly
B. Select> Every Thing Below> Selected Lines
C. Plot> Replot
D. Oblique View
84
:(132-4)
4. General Postproc> Element Table> Plot Elem table> stress>OK
: ) ( 87
7. PlotCtrls> Device Options>
Vector mode (wireframe) = Off
>OK

- 384 -
: -3 )(Link180
ELEMENT SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=55
TIME=64112.1
)STRESS (NOAVG
DMX=11.9332
SMN=2.2733
SMX=374.216
A
Min=2.2733 Max=374.216
) :(132-4
-21 :

):(135-4) (134-4) (133-4
> 21-1. Select> Every Thing
2. Front View
3. Plot> Element
>4. TimeHist Postpor
) >OK ( > Next> OK
>List Data ( )
>Graph Data ( )

- 385 -
: -3 )(Link180
E
G
KJ
) :(133-4 ) (UY

- 386 -
: -3 )(Link180
) :(135-4

)(VALU

)(TIME
) :(136-4

- 387 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
4-4 :
)(REINF264
) (137-4 ) (2m
) (15x30cm ) (216
) (10mm .
216 = 30
4
= 2 10
30 cm
= 350
= 10 216
2 = 2 105
: :
15 cm
) :(137-4
).(Reinf 264
.
.
).(Reinf 264
.
:
-1 :
) (Solid65) (Reinf 264

):(138-4
>1- Element type> Add/Edit/Delete
>Add: 1. Solid > concrete65 > OK > Options
Concrete Linear solu Output K5 = Integration pts
Concrete Nonlinear solu Output K6 = Integration pt
Stress Relax after Cracking K7 = Include
> OK )2. Add> 264 (a-138-4
):(1
) (Reinf 264
).(Help ) (Options

- 388 -
(REINF264) -4 :
C D
:(a-138-4)

- 389 -
(REINF264) -4 :
:(b-139-4)
: -2

:(142-4) (141-4) (140-4)

EX = 2e4 (2 ) )(
PRXY = 0.25 )(
Open Shear Transfer Coef = 0.2 )(
Closed Shear Transfer Coef = 0.8 ) (
Uniaxial Cracking Stress =3 (2 ) )(
Uniaxial Crushing Stress = 30 (2 ) )(
EX = 2e5 (2 ) ) (
PRXY = 0.3 ) (
Yield stss = 350 (2 ) ) (
Tang Mod= 2000 )(
:(2)
.(141-4) ( Graph)

- 390 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
B
A
C
D
G
F
H
) :(140-4
D
E
B
F
) :(141-4

- 391 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
A
B
C
D
) :(142-4
-3 :
:
.
):(143-4
>3- Preprocessor> Sections> Reinforcing> Add/Edit
Reinforcement Subtype = Discrete ( )
Material ID = 2 ) (
Area = 200 ) (2 ( )
V1 = 1 ( 1 )X
V2 = 0.5 ( )
V3 = 0.5 ( )
V4 = 0.5 ( )
V5 = 0.5 ( )
V6 = 0

- 392 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
Area= 200 2
V2= 50%
Y: V1=2
V5= 50%
X: V1=1
Z: V1=3 V3= 50% V4= 50%
C D E F G H I J
K
) :(143-4
-4 :
):(144-4
X1, X2 = 0 , 2000 )(mm ( )
Y1, Y2 = 0 , 300 )(mm ( )
Z1, Z2 = 0 , 150 )(mm ( )
> OK
2. Isometric View

- 393 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
) :(144-4
-5 :
)(1503002000 mm
Y
37.5 mm
X
(37.537.550
Z ).(145-4 ) mm
37.5 mm
50 mm
) :(145-4 ):(147-4) (146-4
.1 :
5-1. Plot> Lines
: .2
[TYPE] = Solid65
[MAT] = 1
.3 :
. ):(37.5 mm
)b. Lines> Set > (Pick All

- 394 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
SIZE Element Edge Length = 37.5 )(mm

> OK
. ) (X
):(50 mm
( c. Lines> Set > (Box)> ) X
SIZE Element Edge Length = 50 )(mm
> OK
. ):(50 mm
d. Global> Set> 50> OK
: .
)e. Mesh: Volumes: Hex/Wedge - Sweep > Sweep > (Pick All
) :(146-4

- 395 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
A
D
Mesh=37.5 mm
mm
G
H
) :(a-147-4

- 396 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
A C
`
D
E
G
) :(b-147-4
-6 :

):(148-4 ( )
6-1. Right View
2. Select> Entities> Elements> By Num/Pick
)> OK )>OK> Box> ( (148-4
3. Plot> Replot
4. Secn,1 ( ))(148-4
5. Ereinf ( ))(148-4
6. Plot> Replot
:
7. PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of element= on
8. Isometric View
:
Lab Apply Translucency to: Elements> OK ) (
TLEVEL Translucency Level (0-1) = 0.5 ( )
10. Select> Everything
11. Plot> Replot

- 397 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
E F
B
D
G H
) :(148-4
) :(a-149-4

- 398 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
) :(b-149-4
-7 :

):(150-4
>7-1. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Areas

)> All DOF> OK ( >
) 2. Plot> Areas (
3. Plot> Elements
) :(a-150-4

- 399 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
) :(b-150-4
-8 :
( ) ) (UY
) .(10mm :
.1 ) (UY
):(151-4
>8-1. Preprocessor> Coupling/Ceqn> Couple DOFs
> Box> )Front View ( ((> )151-4
Set Reference Number =1
Degree-of-Freedom Label = UY ( )UY
> OK
):(152-4 .2
Single> )Isometric View >( )> )745
LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = UY ( )
VALUE Displacement Value )= -10 (mm ( )
> OK> Close

- 400 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
A C
Front View
E
F
G Isometric View
) :(151-4 )(UY
A
A
D C
E
F
) :(152-4

- 401 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
-9 :

):(153-4
9-List> Load> DOF Constraints> On All Nodes
) :(153-4
-11 :
. ) (10
) (154-4):(155-4
Basic:
Number of Substeps:
Max No. of Substeps = 1000 ) (
Min No. Time Step = 20 ) (
Frequency= Write every Nth substep ) (
Nonlinear:
Set convergence criteria
F> Replace> Displacement U > TOLER Tolerance about Value= 0.05
OK> Close> OK

- 402 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
B
C
E
D
) :(154-4
B F
C
G
) :(155-4 )(Convergence
-11 :
) (156-4 ) (Solve
:

- 403 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
A B
) :(156-4
-12 :

)(Read Results> By Pick ( )
):(157-4
A B
DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=23
TIME=10
DMX=10.1095
) :(157-4

- 404 -
(REINF264) -4 :
: -13
( Y-Component of Displacement)
:(158-4)
C
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
SUB =23
TIME=10
UY (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX=10.1095
SMN =-10.0002
SMX =0.758E-06
Min=-10.0002 Max=0.758E-06 =0
(UY) :(158-4)

- 405 -
(REINF264) -4 :
: -14
( X-Component of Stress)
:(159-4)
14-1. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot>Nodal Solu>
Stress> X-Component of Stress> OK
:
2. Plot Ctrls> Style> Translucency> By Value>
Lab Apply Translucency to : Elements> OK ) (
TLEVEL Translucency Level (0-1) = 0 )(
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
SUB =23
TIME =10
SX (AVG)
RSYS =0
DMX =10.1095
SMN =-101.432
SMX =287.988
Min=-101.432 Max=287.988
( X) :(159-4)

- 406 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
):(3
) (159-4 ) (X

.
-15 :
.1
):(160-4
15-1. Select> Entities> Elements> By Elements Name
Elements Name: 264
Apply> Plot> OK
: .2
Stress> X-Component> OK
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
A B SUB =23
TIME=10
C )SX (AVG
RSYS=0
D DMX =10.1095
D SMN =-101.432
SMX =287.988
Min=-101.432 Max=287.988
G E
F D
C
) :(160-4 ) (X
-16 :

):(162-4) (161-4
16-1. Select> Every Thing
2. Plot> Replot
Add > Reaction Forces> Structural Forces> Y-Component Force>OK
( > Next> OK )745

- 407 -
-4 )(REINF264 :
>List Data ( )
>Graph Data ) (
G F
) :(161-4

- 408 -
-4 )(REINF264 :

)(VALU

)(TIME
)(N
) :(162-4
):(4
) (Excel
)(Excel ) (Ctrl+C ) (List Data ) (Ansys
) (Excel ) (Ctrl
:
Used Text Import Wizard> fixed width> Next> Next> Finish
) (-1
) (INSERT> Chart>Scatter
.

- 409 -
-1 :
1-4 :

) (1-4 ) (8m )(80cm
) (25cm ) (216
.
= 2500 2
= 2 106 2
80 cm
= 36000 2
216
= 2 107 2
8 25 cm : :
) :(1-4 .
).(solid65

.
):(1
) (Solid65 :
.
):(2

.
:
-1 :
) (Link180) (Solid65) (Solid185

):(2-4
Add: 1. Link> 3DFinite str180 > Apply
2. Solid> concrete65 > Apply
3. Solid> Brick 8node 185 > OK

- 284 -
-1 :
D
C
I
F G
J H
) :(2-4

- 285 -
-1 :
):(3
) (Solid65
) (Link180) (Solid185

.
) (ANSYS12 ) (ANSYS
) (Link10
) (ANSYS14
).(Link180
-2 :
) (Link180
) (8) (16
) (0.005m2) (0.02m2
.
) (Solid65 :
( )
.
):(3-4
2- Preprocessor> Real constant> Add/Edit/Delete>Add:

>1. Type 1 Link180> OK AREA= 0.005 m2
> OK> Add
>2. Type 1 Link180> OK AREA= 0.02 m2
> OK> Add
>3. Type 2 Solid65> OK
) MAT1 = 2 (
(116)=22
VRA1 (= 0.016 ((12.510)2 = 0.016) ) )4-4 (
THETA1 = 0 ) ( X
PHI1 =0 ) ( X
> OK> Add
>4. Type 2 Solid65> OK

- 286 -
-1 :
MAT1 =0
VRA1 =0
THETA1 =0
PH1 =0
C
A
E

)(8mm G
H
J

)(16mm
K
I
) :(a-3-4

- 287 -
-1 :
P
Q
O
R
T
) :(b-3-4

- 288 -
-1 :
):(4
) (4-4 ) (3 -
) (4 ( ).
- .
Y
16mm
X
Z
10 cm
20 cm 12.5 cm
) :(4-4
-3 :

) (6-4) (5-4) (7-4):(9-4) (8-4

EX = 2e6 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.2 ( )
Uniaxial Cracking Stress = 250 ) (2 ) (
Uniaxial Crushing Stress = 2500 ) (2 ( )
3. Structural>Nonlinear> Elastic> Multilinear Elastic > Add Point

3000
-
2500 (
2000 STRAIN STRESS
Stress
1500 E)
0.001 2000
1000
500
0.002 2500
0 0.003 2500
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 > OK
Strain

- 289 -
-1 :

EX = 2e7 (2 ) ) (
PRXY = 0.3 ) (
Yield stss = 36000 (2 ) ) (
Tang Mod = 36000 (
)
B
A
C
D
E
:(5-4)
B
A
C
:(6-4)

- 290 -
-1 :
B
D
) :(7-4
D
E
B
F
) :(8-4
A
B
C
D
) :(9-4

- 291 -
-1 :
-4 :

) (X
) .(Z
) (Y
:
-1-4 :

):(10-4
4-1- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Nodes> Inactive CS

( ) =Node Numbera
=X,Y,Z Location in active CS 0 , 0 , 0
A
) :(10-4
-2-4 ):(X
) (40 ) (20 cm ) (800 cm

) (X ) (40 + 1 = 41
):(11-4 ) (X
>4-2- Preprocessor> Modeling> Copy> Nodes> Copy> Pick All
Total number of copies -including original- = 41 ) (
DX )= 0.20 (m ( )
DY =0
DZ =0

- 292 -
-1 :
E
B
) :(11-4 )(X
-3-4 ):(Y
) (8 ) (10 cm ) (80 cm
)(Y ) (Y ) (8 + 1 = 9
):(12-4
DX =0
DY )= 0.10 (m ( )
DZ =0
E
B
) :(12-4 )(Y

- 293 -
-1 :
-4-4 ):(Z
) (2 ) (12.5cm ) (25cm
) (Z ) (2 + 1 = 3
):(13-4 ) (Z
DX =0
DY =0
DZ )= 0.125 (m ( )
E
B
) :(13-4 )(Z
-5 :

):(14-4
>5- Preprocessor> Modeling>Create> Elements> Elem Atributes
[MAT] = 1 ( 1 )
) [Real] = 4 ( 4 ) (Real Constant

- 294 -
-1 :
B
C
D
) :(14-4
-6 :

) (X
).(Z
) (Y
:
-1- 6 :

( )
.
) (1
) (42 )(1

) (15-4) (16-4):(17-4
6-1-1. Isometric View
)2. (Ctrl+right click ))(15-4 (
3. Zoom Model
>4. Preprocessor> Modeling>Create> Elements> Auto Numbered> Thru Nodes

- 295 -
-1 :
1 > 2 > 371 > 370

42 > 43 > 412 > 411
>OK
J
A ) :(15-4
42 43 G

F
411 412
I H
B
1 2
C
E D
370 371
) :(16-4 ) :(17-4
-2-6 ):(X
) (20cm )(40 )(800cm

) (Node number=1 ) .(X
) (X )(Node number=2
). (Increment =2-1=1
):(18-4 ) (X
>6-2- Preprocessor> Modeling> Copy> Elements > Auto Numbered> Pick All
Total number of copies -including original- = 40 ( )X
Node number increment =1 ( )

- 296 -
-1 :
B
A
) :(18-4 )(X
-3-6 ):(Y
) (10cm ) (8 )(80cm
) .(Y
) (Y ) (Node Number=1
) (Node Number=42 ).(Increment =42-1=41
):(19-4 ) (Y
Total number of copies -including original- = 8 ( )Y
Node number increment = 41 ( )

- 297 -
-1 :
B
A
) :(19-4 )(Y
-4-6 ):(Z
) (12.5cm ) (2 )(25cm
) .(Z
) (Node Number=1 ) (Z
) (Node Number=370 ).(Increment =370-1=369
):(20-4 ) (Z
Total number of copies -including original- = 2 ( )Z
Node number increment = 369 ( )

- 298 -
-1 :
B
A
) :(20-4 )(Z
):(5

.
-7 :

):(21-4
7-1. Plot> Elements
2. Front View
>3. Preprocessor> Modeling> Move/Modify> Elements > Modify Attrib
(>OK ) >Box

- 299 -
-1 :
Attribute to change = real const REAL

New Attribute number = 3
A B
E
F
) :(21-4
-8 :
) (Solid65

.
):(22-4
>8- PlotCtrls> Numbering
Elem/Attrib numbering= Real const num
Numbering shown with= Colors only

- 300 -
-1 :
) :(22-4
-9 ( ):
):(23-4
>9- PlotCtrls> Device Options
Vector mode (wireframe) = on
) :(23-4

- 301 -
-1 :
-10 :

) (24-4):(25-4
10-1. PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of element= on
) :(24-4
) :(25-4
( ) ( )
):(26-4
2. Preprocessor> Numbering Ctrls> Merge Items> OK

- 302 -
-1 :
) :(26-4
( )
):(27-4
3. Preprocessor> Numbering Ctrls> Compress Numbers> OK
) :(27-4
-11 :

) (28-4):(29-4
>11- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Nodes

>) ( > Box
UX-UY-UZ> Apply
>) ( > Box
UY > OK

- 303 -
-1 :
A C
F
D
) :(28-4

- 304 -
-1 :
E
C
) :(29-4
-12 :
) (2000 ton
( ) ) (1000Ton
) (30-4):(31-4 ) (500Ton
>12- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment
> > On Nodes
>) ( > Box

- 305 -
-1 :
Direction of Force/Mom= FY ( )
)Value = -1000 (ton ( )
( > Single >)
Direction of Force/Mom= FY
)Value = -500 (ton
):(6

.
) :(30-4

- 306 -
-1 :
A
D
B G
E
F
) :(31-4

- 307 -
-1 :
: -13
:(32-4)
13-List> Load> Force> On All Nodes
:(32-4)
: -14
(2000) ( Time)
(1 Time = 1 Ton)
:(35-4)( 34-4)( 33-4)
14- Solution> Analysis Type> Soln Controls>
Basic:
Time at end of load step = 2000 ) (
Time increment:
Time Step Size =2 )(
Minimum Time Step = 0.5 ) (
Maximum Time Step = 10 ) (
Soln options:
Frequency = Write every substep
Nonlinear:
Line search = On
DOF solution predictor = On for all substep
Maximum number of iterations= 20

- 308 -
-1 :
Set convergence criteria

F> Replace> TOLER Tolerance about Value= 0.01
> OK> Close> Close>OK
B
C
D F
:(33-4)
:(34-4)

- 309 -
-1 :
B
C
D
G
E
H
F
J
I
) :(35-4 )(Convergence
-15 :
) (36-4 ) (Solve
:
) (error ) (6.5
).(6ton
A B
) :(36-4

- 310 -
-1 :
-16 :

) (Set=9, Time=20, Substep=999999
) (Read .
):(37-4
A
C
) :(37-4
-17 :
)(38-4 ) (SX
):(39-4
>17- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot>Nodal Solu

Stress> X-Component of Stress> OK
:
PlotCtrls> Device Options> Vector mode (wireframe) = Off

- 311 -
-1 :
C
( X-Component of Stress) :(38-4)
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
SUB =6
TIME=5
SX (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX=0.010558
SMN =-775.161
SMX =216.863
Min=-775.161 Max=216.863
(X) :(39-4)
: -18
(40-4) ( UY)
:(41-4)

- 312 -
-1 :
C
) :(40-4 ) (Y-Component of Displacement
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
SUB =6
TIME=5
)UY (AVG
RSYS=0
DMX =0.010558
SMN =-0.01035
Min=-0.01035 Max=0
) :(41-4 )(UY
-19 :

.
):(42-4
Scale factor= Off

- 313 -
-1 :
C
) :(42-4
):(43-4

):(23-4
3. PlotCtrls> Device Options> Vector mode (wireframe) = On
) :(43-4

- 314 -
-1 :
).(44-4
CRACKS AND CRUSHING

Step =1
SUB =6
TIME=5
) :(44-4
):(7

) (VRA1=0.016 ) (2
):(45-4 ) (1-4
) :(1-4

( ) )(Ton

)(VRA1
3.5 0.009 112mm 1
( ) 6 0.016 116mm 2
10.75 0.032 216mm 3
20.24 0.064 416mm 4

- 315 -
-1 :
)(2 )(1
)(4 )(3
) :(45-4

- 316 -
-5 :
5-4 :

) (189 inch ) (20 inch
) (15 inch ) (0.5 inch ) (U

) ( =2 6 7500 Pound ) (163-4
7.5 inch

.
. = 474.34
20 inch
6
= 3.605 10
= 60000
7
94.5 inch 15 inch = 2.9 10
189 inch
) : (163-4
: :
.
) (Symmetry .
.
:
-1 :
) (Solid65) (Beam
):(164-4
2. Beam > 3D Finite Strain> OK
) :(a-164-4

- 410 -
-5 :
C D
G
F
) :(b-164-4
-2 :
) (Real Constant
):(165-4
2- Preprocessor> Real Constant> Add/Edit/Delete>Add:

1. Type 1 Solid65> OK
MAT1=0
VRA1=0
THETA1=0
PH1=0
OK>Close

- 411 -
-5 :
) :(165-4
-3 :

):(168-4) (167-4) (166-4

EX )( = 3.605e6 ( )
PRXY = 0.2 ( )

- 412 -
-5 :
Uniaxial Cracking Stress = 474.34 )( ( )

Uniaxial Crushing Stress = -1 ) (2 ( )
) :(1 ) (-1 .
EX = 2.9e7 )( ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
>5. Model Number2> Structural>Nonlinear> Inelastic> Rate-Independent
)( Yield stss = 60000 ( )
Tang Mod = 2900 ( )
B
A
C
D
G
F
H
) :(166-4

- 413 -
-5 :
D
E
B
F
) :(167-4
A
B
C
D
) :(168-4
-4 :
):(169-4
Name = d1 ( )
)( = Sub-Type ( )
R = 0. 5 )(inch ( )
( N =0 ( )
) T =0 ( )
2. Plot> Replot

- 414 -
-5 :
B
C
H E
I
F
IG
) :(169-4
-5 :
):(170-4
>5- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volume> Block> By Dimension
X1 , X2 = 0 , 94.5 )(inch ( )
Y1 , Y2 = 0 , 20 )(inch ( )
Z1 , Z2 = 0 , 7.5 )(inch ( )
> OK > Isometriv View
) :(170-4

- 415 -
-5 :
-6 :
) (7.520 inch ) (10

) (Y) (5 ) (Z) (9 ) (171-4 .
) (172-4):(173-4
a a
Y 20
=
X 10
7.5
Z = :a a a
94.5 5 :b
= :c
9
) :(171-4

1. Front View
)> OK 2. Lines> Set > Box> (Y
No. of Element Divisions = 10 ( )
> OK
3. Right View
)> OK 4. Lines> Set > Box> (Z
> OK
5. Front View
)> OK 6. Lines> Set > Box> (X
> OK
>7. Element Attributes: Global> Set

][MAT =1 ) ( 1
][Real ( 1 ) (Real Constant ) = 1
8. Mesh: Volumes: Hex - Mapped > Mesh> Pick All

- 416 -
-5 :
A
B
Front View
) :(a-172-4 )(Y

- 417 -
-5 :
Right View
D
C
E
) :(b-172-4 )(Z
Front View
D
C
) :(c-172-4 )(x

- 418 -
-5 :
C
D
) :(173-4
-7 :

. ) (174-4):(175-4
7-1. Right View

2. Select> Entities> Nodes> By Num/Pick> OK> Box
( > OK )< )(174-4

- 419 -
-5 :
3. Plot> Nodes
4. Front View
5. PlotCtrls> Numbering> NODE Node Numbers : On > OK
:
>6. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Elem Attributes
][TYPE = Beam 188 ( )
][MAT =2 ) ( 2
[SECNUM] =d1 > OK ( )
:
7. PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of Element= on > OK
B
E
F
A
J
G
D H
I
) :(174-4

- 420 -
-5 :
B
C
A
E
) :(175-4
-8 :
-1-8 :
)(176-4
):(177-4
>( ) 8-1-1.
> 2. > e, 304,373 :
> )3. > (Enter
) (2-4 > 4.
) :(176-4
) :(2-4

)(1 1 2
e, 304, 373
e, 373, 409
e, 409, 445
e, 445, 481
e, 481, 517
e, 517, 553
e, 553, 589
e, 589, 625
) :(177-4 e, 625, 364

- 421 -
-5 :

:
2. Plot> Elements
3. Right View
4. >Select> Entities> Nodes > By Num/Pick> OK> Box
)> ) (178-4 (
>OK
5. Plot> Nodes
6. Front View
D
G
A
C
J
E
B
I
F K
) :(178-4

- 422 -
-5 :
) (179-4 )(3-4
:
) :(3-4

)(2 1 2
e, 311, 373
e, 376, 412
e, 412, 448
e, 448, 484
e, 484, 520
e, 520, 556
e, 556, 592
e, 592, 628
e, 628, 337
) :(179-4
. :

) (4-4):(5-4
2. Plot> Nodes
3. Isometric View
) (4-4)4. > (5-4
) :(4-4 ( 1 )4

)(4 1 2 )(3 1 2 )(2 1 2 )(1 1 2
e, 484, 488 e, 448, 452 e, 412, 416 e, 376, 380
e, 488, 492 e, 452, 456 e, 416, 420 e, 380, 384
e, 492, 496 e, 456, 460 e, 420, 424 e, 384, 388
e, 496, 500 e, 460, 464 e, 424, 428 e, 388, 392
e, 500, 504 e, 464, 468 e, 428, 432 e, 392, 396
e, 504, 508 e, 468, 472 e, 432, 436 e, 396, 400
e, 508, 512 e, 472, 476 e, 436, 440 e, 400, 404
) :(5-4 ( 5 )8

)(8 1 2 )(7 1 2 )(6 1 2 )(5 1 2
e, 628, 632 e, 592, 596 e, 556, 560 e, 520, 524
e, 632, 636 e, 596, 600 e, 560, 564 e, 524, 528
e, 636, 640 e, 600, 604 e, 564, 568 e, 528, 532
e, 640, 644 e, 604, 608 e, 568, 572 e, 532, 536
e, 644, 648 e, 608, 612 e, 572, 576 e, 536, 540
e, 648, 652 e, 612, 616 e, 576, 580 e, 540, 544
e, 652, 656 e, 616, 620 e, 580, 584 e, 544, 548

- 423 -
-5 :
. :
) (6-4):(7-4
) :(6-4 ( 1 )4

)(4 1 2 )(3 1 2 )(2 1 2 )(1 1 2
e, 42, 481 e, 41, 445 e, 40, 409 e, 39, 373
e, 481, 482 e, 445, 446 e, 409, 410 e, 373, 374
e, 482, 483 e, 446, 447 e, 410, 411 e, 374, 375
e, 483, 484 e, 447, 448 e, 411, 412 e, 375, 376
) :(7-4 ( 5 )8

)(8 1 2 )(7 1 2 )(6 1 2 )(5 1 2
e, 46, 625 e, 45, 589 e, 44, 553 e, 43, 517
e, 625, 626 e, 589, 590 e, 553, 554 e, 517, 518
e, 626, 627 e, 590, 591 e, 554, 555 e, 518, 519
e, 627, 628 e, 591, 592 e, 555, 556 e, 519, 520
-9 :

):(180-4
9- Select> Entities> Elements> By Attributes> Material num: Min, Max, Inc= 2

Apply> Plot> OK
A B
C
D
H F
G
C
) :(180-4

- 424 -
-5 :
-10 :

) (181-4 :
10- 1. Select> Everything
2. Plot> Elements
3. Front View
4. PlotCtrls> Numbering> 1. NODE Node Numbers : Off
>> Box
) ( >
> All DOF>OK
A
A
C
) :(181-4

- 425 -
-5 :
-11 :

) (7500 Pound ) (6
) (182-4 :
> 11- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Force/Moment> On Nodes
Box > Oblique View ( ) >
Value = -7500 )(Pound ( )
C
B
) :(182-4
):(2

.

- 426 -
-5 :
-12 :

):(183-4
12-List> Load> Force> On All Nodes
) :(183-4
-13 :

.
):(184-4
>13- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> Symmetry BC
)> OK ( > & On Areas> Isometric View
& Isometric View

)(Ctrl+Right Click
C E
A
) :(184-4

- 427 -
-5 :
-14 :
) (2
):(185-4
Basic:
Number of substeps:
Number of substeps =5 ( )
Max no. of substeps = 11 ( )
Min no. of substeps =5 ( )
Frequency = Write every Nth substep ( )
B
C
E
D
F
) :(185-4
-15 :
) (Solve ) (186-4
:

- 428 -
-5 :
A B
) :(186-4
-16 :
)(Read
):(187-4
16- General Postproc> Read Results> By Pick> Time=2.0000> Read> Close
A C
) :(187-4
-17 :
) (Displacement Vector Sum

):(188-4
>17- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu

DOF Solution> Displacement Vector Sum > OK

- 429 -
-5 :
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
SUB =7
TIME =2
USUM (AVG)
RSYS =0
DMX =0.227004
SMX =0.227004
Min=0 Max=0.227004
:(188-4)

- 430 -
-5 :
: -18
( Von Mises)
:(189-4)
Stress> Von Mises Stress> OK
A
B
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
SUB =7
TIME =2
SEQV (AVG)
DMX =0.227004
SMN =2.72467
SMX =17626.1
Min=2.72467 Max=17626.1
( Von Mises) :(189-4)

- 431 -
-5 :
: -19
: .1
19-1. Select> Entities> Elements> By Attributes>
Material num: Min, Max, Inc= 2 >Apply> Plot> OK
: .2
2. PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape> Display of Element= on
.3
:(190-4)
3. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot>Nodal Solu>
4. Isometriv View
:
6. Plot > Elements
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
SUB =7
TIME =2
SEQV (AVG)
DMX =0.226757
SMN =2.72467
SMX =17626.1
Min=2.72467 Max=17626.1
( Von Mises) :(190-4)
: -19
:
19-1. Select> Everything
2. Plot> Element
3. Select> Entities> Elements> By Attributes>
Material num: Min, Max, Inc= 1 >Apply> Plot> OK
:(191-4)
Create a New Component> Elements> Pick Entities> )Concrete(> OK

- 432 -
-5 :
A B
F
E
) :(191-4 )(Concrete
):(192-4
Lab Apply Translucency to: Named Component> OK ( )
TLEVEL Translucency Level (0-1) = 0.5 ( )
B
B
B
) :(192-4

- 433 -
-5 :
) (193-4
):(194-4
7. Plot > Elements
>8. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu
DOF Solution> Displacement Vector Sum
) :(194-4 ) :(193-4
-20 :
:
.1 :
Scale factor= Off
.2 :
>2. PlotCtrls> Device Options
Vector mode (wireframe) = On
.3 ) (195-4):(196-4
>3. General Postproc> Plot Results> Concrete Plot> Crack/Crash
( ) a. >Plot Crack Faces for: Only First Crack > OK
b. >Plot Crack Faces for: Only Second Crack> OK ( )
c. >Plot Crack Faces for: Only Third Crack > OK ( )
d. >Plot Crack Faces for: All Cracks ( ) > OK

- 434 -
-5 :
B
C
A
) :(195-4
Only Second Crack Only First Crack
All Cracks Only Third Crack
) :(196-4

- 435 -
-5 :
:
-21
) (XY
):(197-4
21- 1. Plot Ctrls> Style> Symmetry Expansion > Periodic/Cyclic Symmetry
> Reflect about XY> OK
:
2. Plot Ctrls> Style> Symmetry Expansion > No Expansion> OK
3. Plot > Replot
) :(197-4 ) (XY )(Von mises
( )
) (198-4):(199-4

- 436 -
-5 :
) :(199-4 ) :(198-4
):(3
:

).(200-4
) (XY
(
)
.

Y Y

X X
Z Z

) :(200-4

- 437 -
-6 )(Parameters :
6-4 :
)(Parameters
) (201-4 ) (I
) (2000mm
( )Parameters
DF
TF
= 100 2
= 200 000 2
100 N/mm2
TW H DF = 300
TF = 20
H = 300
L=2000 mm
TW = 10
L = 2000
) :(201-4
= 350 2
: :
( )Parameters
( )
)(Result Viewer
)(Contours
:
( )Parameters :
-1 ):(Parameters
: ) (Notepad
1- DF = 300
TF = 20
H = 300
TW= 10
L = 2000
) (Paste ) (Copy
)(202-4 ) (Enter

- 438 -
-6 )(Parameters :
A C
)(Right Click
B )(Ctrl+C
D
) :(202-4

):(203-4
Parameters >Scalar Parameters
DF = 300 ( )
TF = 20 ( )
H = 300 ( )
TW= 10 ( )
L = 2000 ( )
) :(203-4 )(Scalar Parameters
-2 :

):(204-4

X1 , X2 = 0 , L )(mm ( )
Y1 , Y2 = 0 , TF )(mm ( )
Z1 , Z2 = 0 , DF )(mm ( )
> OK
2. Isometric View

- 439 -
-6 )(Parameters :
) :(204-4
-3 :
) (Session Editor
) (Notepad
):(205-4
(> /PREP7 ) >3-1. Session Editor >)>(Ctrl+C

BLOCK,0,L,0,TF,0,D
F,
)]: (Ctrl+V _2. [Notepad
)(Ctrl+C
B
A
) :(a-205-4 )(Session Editor

- 440 -
-6 )(Parameters :
)(Ctrl+V
) :(b-205-4
-4 :
) (Z

):(206-4
4-1. WorkPlane> Display WorkPlane

>2. WorkPlane> Offset WP by Increments
X,Y,Z Offsets = 0, 0, DF/2
>OK
A
C
B
WY

WX
WZ
) :(206-4
-5 :

):(207-4

- 441 -
-6 )(Parameters :
>5- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volume> Block> By Dimension

X1 , X2 = 0 , L )(mm ( )
Y1 , Y2 = 0 , H )(mm ( )
Z1 , Z2 = -TW/2 , TW/2 )(mm ( )
> OK
) :(207-4 ( )
-6 :
) (Session Editor
) (Notepad (
):(208-4 )
(> WPSTYLE,,,,,,,,1 ) >6-1. Session Editor >

)>(Ctrl+C wpoff,0,0,DF/2
BLOCK,0,L,0,H,-
TW/2,TW/2,

- 442 -
-6 )(Parameters :
B
A
) :(208-4 ) (Session Editor
-7 :

):(209-4
>(> OK ) >7- Preprocessor> Modeling> Copy> Volume

DY Y-Offset in Active CS = H-TF ( )Y
>OK
B
A
C
) :(a-209-4

- 443 -
-6 )(Parameters :
) :(b-209-4
-8 ):(Overlap
)(Overlap
) ) (7 (

):(210-4
8-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Overlap> Volumes>Pick All

2. Plot> Replot
V9 V7 V8
V10

V5 V6 V4
B
A
) :(210-4 ) (Overlap

- 444 -
-6 )(Parameters :
-9 :
) (Notepad
) (
):(211-4
(> FLST,3,1,6,ORDE,1 ) >9-1. Session Editor >

)>(Ctrl+C FITEM,3,1
VGEN,2,P51X, , , ,H-TF, , ,0
FLST,2,3,6,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-3
VOVLAP,P51X

]: File> Save _3. [Notepad
A B
E C
) :(211-4 ) (Session Editor

- 445 -
-6 )(Parameters :
-10 :

) (ANSYS :
>10-1. [ANSYS]> File> Clear and Start
>Do not Read File >OK
) ( >]2. [Notepad
3. [ANSYS]> Input Window> (Right Click )>Paste

-11 :
):(212-4 ) (Solid185
11- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Solid> Brick 8node 185
> OK >Close
D
C
) :(212-4

- 446 -
-6 )(Parameters :
-12 :
):(213-4

1. Structural>Linear> Elastic> Isotropic
EX = 2e5 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
B
A
C
D
E
) :(213-4
-13 :
-1-13 ( :)X
) (X ) (20
):(214-4
13-1. Isometric View

>2. Preprocessor> Meshing > Mesh Tools
>( ) >)Lines: Sets> (Box
SIZE,NDIV No. Can be Changed = NO ( )
>OK

- 447 -
-6 )(Parameters :
F
D
G
) :(214-4 ( )X

- 448 -
-6 )(Parameters :
-2-13 :

) (10,20mm
):(215-4
> 13-2-1. Select> Entities> Lines> By Length> X coordinates= 0
> Min,Max=10,20
( ) )Lines: Sets> (Pick All
>OK
A
B
C
D
E
H
F
) :(215-4

- 449 -
-6 )(Parameters :
-3-13 ( ):
) (10
) (10%
) (
) (216-4):(217-4
13-3-1. Select> Everything

2. Plot> Replot
3. Right View
4. Fit View
SPACE Spacing Ratio = -10 ( )
>OK
A
B
D
C
F G
L
) :(a-216-4

- 450 -
-6 )(Parameters :
H
I
J
) :(b-216-4
) :(217-4
):(1
) (b-216-4: ) (Spacing Ratio
( ) ) (+ :

) (- :

( 1/10 :)10


- 451 -
-6 )(Parameters :
)(218-4
Spacing Ratio = 10 Spacing Ratio = -10
Spacing Ratio = 1/10 Spacing Ratio = -1/10
) :(218-4 ) (Spacing Ratio
-4-13 :
) (5
):(219-4
>13-4- Preprocessor> Meshing > Mesh Tools

SPACE Spacing Ratio = ( )
>OK

- 452 -
-6 )(Parameters :
C
E
F
L
D E
) :(219-4
-14 :

):(220-4
>14-1. Preprocessor> Meshing > Mesh Tools

Mesh: Volumes
)Shape: Hex-Mapped>Mesh> (Pick All
2. Isometric View

- 453 -
-6 )(Parameters :
B
C
E
) :(220-4

- 454 -
-6 )(Parameters :
-15 :
) (Lines
) (221-4):(222-4
> 15-1. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Lines

)> UY> OK ( >
> 2. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Lines
)> All DOF> OK ( >
Zoom Model
A
A
B
E
C
) :(221-4
):(1
) ( ) (221-4


- 455 -
-6 )(Parameters :
)(Ctrl+Right Click
& Zoom Model
) :(222-4
-16 :
) (100 N/mm2
):(223-4
16-1. Right View

> 2. Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Areas
>) ( >>Box
VALUE )Load PRES Value = 100 ( N/mm2 ( )
> OK

- 456 -
-6 )(Parameters :
C
D
) :(223-4
-17 :

):(224-4
17-1. Plot>Areas
2. PlotCtrls> Symbols> Show Pres and Convect as= Arrows

- 457 -
-6 )(Parameters :
>OK
C
B
) :(224-4
-18 :
(
)
) (225-4 : ) (Solve

- 458 -
-6 )(Parameters :
A B
) :( 225-2
-19 :
):(226-4
A B
DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
DMX=250.931
) :(226-4

- 459 -
(Parameters) -6 :
: -20
( Z-Component of Stress)( X-Component of Stress)

:(228-4)( 227-4)
Stress> X-Component of Stress>Apply
Stress> Z-Component of Stress >OK

Step =1 Step =1
SUB =1 SUB =1
TIME =1 TIME =1
SZ (AVG) SX (AVG)
RSYS =0 RSYS =0
DMX =250.931 DMX =250.931
SMN =-15310.2 SMN =-15389.3
SMX =16293.7 SMX =12302.3
Min=-15310.2 Max=16293.7 Min=-15389.3 Max=12302.3
(Z) :(228-4) (X) :(227-4)
: -21

:(229-4)
21- PlotCtrls> Style> Contours> Uniform Contours

- 460 -
-6 )(Parameters :
Number of Contours = 5
Contour Intervals = User Specified
Min Contour Value = -16000
Max Contour Value = 13000
C
D
E
= 5
Min= -16000 Max=13000
) :(229-4 )(X
-22 ( ):
(
):(230-4 )

- 461 -
-6 )(Parameters :
) :(230-4
-23 :
) (100
):(231-4
Basic:
Number of Substeps:
Max No. of Substeps = 1000 ) (
Min No. Time Step = 10 ) (
Frequency= Write every Nth substep ) (
A
B
C
D G
E
F
) :(231-4

- 462 -
-6 )(Parameters :
-24 :
) (Solve :
).(Solution is Done
-25 :

):(232-4
25-1. General Postproc> Read Results> By Pick> Time=100> Read> Close
Stress> X-Component of Stress
>3. General Postproc> Read Results> Next Set
4. Plot> Replot
B
C
) :(232-4
-26 ):(Results Viewer
) (Results Viewer
):(233-4
>26- General Postproc> Results Viewer
>Nodal Solu>Stress> X-Component of Stress
> Plot Results
> Report Generator Mode >OK

- 463 -
-6 )(Parameters :
B
E
C D
) :(233-4 )(Results Viewer

- 464 -
-7 )(Joint :
7-4 :
)(Joint

) (3m ) (1m
:
= 200 106 2
= 0.3
= 7.8271 3
= 9.81 2
1.5 m

)L (m 1 3
)H (m 0.5 0.2
)B (m 0.2 0.2
)tf (m 0.016 0.015
0.5 m
)tw (m 0.0204 0.018
: :
1.5 m
) (I ).(Keypoint
).(Joint
).(Gravity
) :(234-4 (_)
).(Capped Hidden
:
-1 :
):(235-4
1-1. File> Change Jobname> Enter New Jobname = Joint >OK
B
A
) :(235-4

- 465 -
-7 )(Joint :

):(236-4
2. File> Change Title> Enter New Title = Joint >OK
A C
) :(236-4
) (237-4 ) (Jobname ) (Title

.
Jobname
Title
) :(237-4
:
>3. File> Change Directory
(> OK ) >
-2 :
) (Solid186 ):(238-4
2- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Solid> 20node 186
> OK >Close

- 466 -
-7 )(Joint :
D
C
) :(238-4
-3 :
):(239-4

Structural>Linear> Elastic> Isotropic
EX = 200e6 ) (2 ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )
> Structural>Density
DENS = 7.8271 ) (3 ( )

- 467 -
-7 )(Joint :
B
A
C
D
) :(239-4
-4 :
( _ )
) (XY ):(Z
1-4 :
) (I
):(240-4
>4-1- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS

- 468 -
-7 )(Joint :
B
C
A
) :(240-4
) (8-4 ).(241-4
) :(8-4
Keypoint X Y Z 11 12
Number )(m )(m )(m
1 0 0 0 > Apply 7 8 9 10
2 0.2 0 0 > Apply

3 0.2 0.016 0 > Apply
4 0.1102 0.016 0 > Apply
5 0.0898 0.016 0 > Apply
6 0 0.016 0 > Apply
7 0 0.484 0 > Apply
8 0.0898 0.484 0 > Apply Y
9 0.1102 0.484 0 > Apply 6 5 4 3
10 0.2 0.484 0 > Apply
11 0 0.5 0 > Apply 1 X 2
Z
12 0.2 0.5 0 > OK
) :(241-4
2-4 :

):(242-4
>4-2- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Arbitrary> Through KPs
( ) >
> 1,2,3,4,9,10,12,11,7,8,5,6> OK 11 12
I H
7 8 9 10
J G
K F
I
L E
M Y D N
6 5 4 3
B C
1 X 2
A Z
) :(242-4

- 469 -
-7 )(Joint :
3-4 :

):(243-4
>4-3-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Extrude> Areas> Along Normal
(> OK ) >
Area to be Extruded = 1 ( )
Length of Extrusion )= 1 (m ( )
> Apply
2. Isometric View
E
G
) :(243-4

- 470 -
-7 )(Joint :
) (Keypoints ) (24
.
-5 :
( _ )
) (XZ ):(Y
1-5 :

):(244-4
>5-1- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS
X, Y, Z Location in Active CS = 0 , 0 , -0.015 ( )
> Apply
) (9-4 ).(245-4
B
C
AA
) :(244-4
) :(9-4

Keypoint X Y Z
Number )(m )(m )(m
25 0 0 -0.015 > Apply
26 0.091 0 -0.015 > Apply
27 0.109 0 -0.015 > Apply
28 0.2 0 -0.015 > Apply Z
1 25 29 33
29 0 0 -0.185 > Apply
30 0.091 0 -0.185 > Apply X
26 30
31 0.109 0 -0.185 > Apply
32 0.2 0 -0.185 > Apply 27 31
33 0 0 -0.2 > Apply
34 0.2 0 -0.2 > OK 2 28 32 34
) :(245-4

- 471 -
-7 )(Joint :
2-5 :

):(246-4
>5-2- Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Arbitrary> Through KPs
( ) >
>1,2,28,27,31,32,34,33,29,30,26,25
>OK
) :(246-4

- 472 -
-7 )(Joint :
3-5 :
(
) ) (247-4):(248-4
5-3-1. Plot> Areas
>2. Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Extrude> Areas> Along Normal
(> OK ) >
Length of Extrusion )= -1.5 (m ( )
> Apply
(> OK ) >
Length of Extrusion )= 1.5 (m ( )
>Ok
) :(247-4

- 473 -
-7 )(Joint :
) :(248-4
-6 :

):(249-4
)6- Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Add> Volumes> (Pick All

- 474 -
-7 )(Joint :
) :(249-4
-7 :
) (0.1
) (Tet ) (Free ):(250-4
) Areas :Set > (Pick All
SIZE Element Edge Length = 0.1 ( )
>OK
Mesh: Volumes : Tet - Free > Mesh > Pick All >Close
) :(a-250-4 C

- 475 -
-7 )(Joint :
D
L
E
L
F
G L
H I
) :(b-250-4
-8 :

):(251-4
8-1. Right View

>2. 2. Preprocessor> Loads > Define Loads> Apply> Structural>Displacement
>>On Nodes
( )> Box> )(251-4
> OK
> OK

- 476 -
-7 )(Joint :
E
D
L
A
) :(251-4
-9 :

):(252-4
>9- Preprocessor> Loads > Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Inertia> Gravity
>> Global
> Global Cartesian Y-Comop= 9.81 ( ")"Y
> OK

- 477 -
-7 )(Joint :
A
) :(252-4
:
) (mm
) (m ) (m/sec2 )(ton
).(KN
) (Y ) (Gravity
).(Y
) (Y
).(Y
-10 :

( )Static
( )Model .
( )Static
):(253-4

- 478 -
-7 )(Joint :
) :(253-4 ()Static
-11 :
) (Solve
):(254-4
11- 1. Solution> Solve> Current LS> OK> Close
2. Plot> Replot
A B
) :( 254-4
-12 :
1-12 :
):(255-4
12-1- General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape> Def + undef Edge > OK

- 479 -
(Joint) -7 :
A C
DISPLACEMENT
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=1
DMX=0.181E-04
:(255-4)
: 2-12
:(256-4)
12-2- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu> DOF Solution>
Y-Component of Displacement > Apply
Z-Component of Displacement > Apply
Displacement Vector Sum > Ok

- 480 -
(Joint) -7 :

Step =1 Step =1
SUB =1 SUB =1
TIME =1 TIME =1
UY (AVG) UY (AVG)
RSYS=0 RSYS =0
DMX=0.181E-04 DMX =0.181E-04
SMN =-0.642E-05 SMN =0.169E-04
SMX =0.119E-05 SMX =0.197E-06
Min=-0.642E-05 Max=0.119E-05 Min=-0.169E-04 Max=0.197E-06
(Z) . (Y) .
NODAL SOLUTION
Step =1
SUB =1
TIME =1
USUM (AVG)
RSYS =0
DMX =0.181E-04
SMX =0.181E-04
Min=0 Max=0.181E-04
.
:(256-4)

- 481 -
-7 )(Joint :
3-12 :
) (SZ ) (YZ- Shear

):(257-4
>12-3- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu> Stress
Z- Stress> Apply
YZ- Shear Stress> OK

Step =1 Step =1
SUB =1 SUB =1
TIME =1 TIME =1
)SYZ (AVG )SZ (AVG
RSYS =0 RSYS =0
DMX =0.181E-04 DMX =0.181E-04
SMN =-330.494 SMN =-873.766
SMX =336.228 SMX =853.287
Min=-330.494 Max=336.228 Min=-873.766 Max=853.287
.b )(YZ- Shear .a )(Z

) :(257-4
) (z
( ) ( )
).(a-257-4

- 482 -
-7 )(Joint :
4-12 ) (Cut :

) (258-4):(259-4
12-4-1. Plot> Elements
2. Right View
>3. Work Plane> Offset WP by Increments
( ) >+Z
Global Z = 0.1 (m) :
>4. PlotCtrls> Style> Hidden Line Option
Type of Plot= Capped Hidden
2 Clicks
C D
WY
WZ
) :(258-4

- 483 -
-7 )(Joint :
Min=-330.494 Max=336.228
)(YZ- Shear
) :(259-4
):(1
) (260-4 ) (Type of Plot
) (Hidden Line Option:

- 484 -
-7 )(Joint :
:Capped Hidden ) (z
.
:Section ) (XY .
:Q-Slice Z-Buffer ) (XY .
:Non-hidden .
Non-hidden Q-Slice Z-Buffer Section Capped Hidden

) :(260-4 ) (Type of Plot )(Hidden Line Option
-13 (:)Model
) (Model
) (261-4):(262-4
13- 1. Solution> Analysis Type> New Analysis Type> Model
B
A
) :(261-4 ()Model

- 485 -
-7 )(Joint :
>2. Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options

No. of Modes to Extract = 5 ( )
NMODE. of Modes to Expand = 5 ( )
OK> OK
) :(262-4
-14 :
) (Solve
):(263-4

- 486 -
-7 )(Joint :
A B
) :(263-4
-15 :

) (General Postproc> Read Results
) (264-4):(265-4
15-1.Right View
2. General Postproc> Read Results> By Pick> (5) > Read
>3. PlotCtrls> Animate> Mode Shape
E
A
) :(a-264-4

- 487 -
-7 )(Joint :
F
G
) :(b-264-4
5 4 3 2 1
) :(265-4 ( )

- 488 -
-8 )(Contact :
8-4 :
)(Contact
) (266-4
) (44 inch ) ( =0.5 inch ) ( =2.5 inch
) (1 inch ) ( =0.49 inch

.
):(1

.
= 36 106 2
= 0.3
: :
).(Contact Pair
).(Symmetry
.
.

Z X
= 0.5 inch
2 inch
) :(266-4

- 489 -
-8 )(Contact :
-1 :
):(267-4 ) (Solid185
> 1- Preprocessor> Element type> Add/Edit/Delete> Add: Solid> Brick 8node 185
>OK> Close
D
C
) :(267-4
-2 :
):(268-4

> Isotropic
EX = 36e6 2
) ( ( )
PRXY = 0.3 ( )

- 490 -
-8 )(Contact :
B
A
C
D
E
) :(268-4
-3 ( ):
) (ANSYS
) (269-4):(270-4
>3- File>Read Input from
C:/ > Program Files> Ansys Inc> V140> ANSYS> data> models> block.inp
C
B
) :(269-4 ( )

- 491 -
-8 )(Contact :
) :(270-4
-4 :
)(3
) (271-4 )(4
):(271-4 .
> 1. Lines :Set
)> (> OK
SIZE,NDIV can be changed = No ( )
>Apply
>( )>
>OK
2. Mesh: Volumes : Hex /Wedge - Sweep > Sweep > Pick All

- 492 -
(Contact) -8 :
C
A
E
F
D I
:(a-271-4)

- 493 -
-8 )(Contact :
A
D
B
) :(b-271-4
C
-5 :

):(272-4
>5- PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape
) Facets/Element Edge= 2 Facets/ Edge (
A
B
Smoothed edges ) :(272-4

- 494 -
(Contact) -8 :
:(Contact Pair) -6
:( Contact Pair)
:(Target Surface) -1
." "
:(Contact Surface) -2
." "
(276-4) (275-4) (274-4) (273-4)
:(278-4) (277-4)
6-1. Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Contact Pair> Contact Wizard >
1) Target Surface = Areas ) : (
Target Type = Flexible ) : (
Pick Target> ) (
> OK>Next
2) Contact Surface = Areas ) :(
Contact Element Type = Surface-to-Surface ) _ :(
Pick Contact > ) >(
> OK
>Next>
3) Material ID =1
Coefficient of friction = 0.2
Optional settings
4) Normal penalty stiffness =0.1
5) Friction (tab) >
Stiffness matrix= Unsymmetric
>OK> Create> Finish> Close
2. Plot> Areas
3. Toolbar>SAVE_DB
A
:(273-4)

- 495 -
(Contact) -8 :
A
D
(Target Surface) :(274-4)

C
(Contact Surface) :(275-4) C
(Normal penalty stiffness) ( Coefficient of friction) :(276-4)

- 496 -
-8 )(Contact :
C D
) :(277-4 ) (Stiffness matrix
Target
Contact
) :(278-4
-7 :
):(272-4
>7- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> Symmetry B. C.
(> OK ) >On Areas
C
A
) :(279-4

- 497 -
-8 )(Contact :
-8 :

):(280-4
>8- Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Areas

( > >)> OK
> OK
B
A
D C
) :(280-4
-9 ( ):

) (

.

- 498 -
-8 )(Contact :
-1-9 :
) (100
):(281-4
>9-1-1. Solution> Analysis Type> Soln Controls
Basic:
Large displacement static
Automatic Time Stepping = Off
Number of Substeps:
Number of Substeps =1 ( )
2. Toolbar>SAVE_DB.
B
A
C
D
F
) :(281-4
-2-9 :
) (Solve :
9-2-1. Solution> Solve> Current LS> OK> Close
2. Plot> Replot
) . (
-11 ( ):
-1-10 :

) (1.5inch ) (UZ=1.7 inch

- 499 -
-8 )(Contact :
):(282-4
>10-1-1. Select> Entities
Nodes> By Location> Z coordinates= 4.5 > From Full > Apply> Plot> OK
>>Pick All
LAB2 DOFs to be Constrained = UZ ( )
VALUE Displacement Value )= 1.7 (Inch ( )
> OK
4. Plot> Elements
B
A C
E IA
I
H F
N G G
M
J
) :(282-4
-2-10 :
) (200
):(283-4

- 500 -
-8 )(Contact :
>10-2-1. Solution> Analysis Type> Soln Controls

Basic:
Large displacement static
Number of Substeps:
Max No. of Substeps = 10000 ( )
Min No. Time Step = 10 ( )
) Frequency= Write every Nth substep (
Where N = -10
>OK
2. Toolbar>SAVE_DB.
B
A
C
D
F
G
E
H
) :(283-4
):(2

.
) (5
).(Solution is Done

) (5 ) (100
):(284-4
/NERR,100,100,OFF )>(ENTER
.

- 501 -
-8 )(Contact :
) :(284-4
-3-11 :
) (Solve :
10-3-1. Solution> Solve> Current LS> OK> Close
2. Plot> Replot
-11 :

):(283-4
>11-1. Plot Ctrls> Style> Symmetry Expansion > Periodic/Cyclic Symmetry
> 1/4 Dihedral Sym > OK
2. Plot> Elements
) :(285-4

- 502 -
-8 )(Contact :
):(3
) (XY ) (Z
.
-12 :
):(286-4
>12- General Postproc> Read Results> By Load Step
Load step number = 1 ( )
>OK
A
) :(286-4
-13 ) (Von Mises :
) (Von Mises
) (287-4):(288-4
>13- General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu
> Stress> Von Mises Stress > OK

- 503 -
-8 )(Contact :
A
B
C
) :(287-4 ) (Von Mises
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=1
SUB=1
TIME=100
/EXPANDED
)SEQV (AVG
DMX=0.006116
SMN=619.039
SMX=525364
Min=619.039 Max=525364
) :(288-4 ) (Von Mises
-14 :
) (time=120
)> (Select> Entities
) (174 ) (conta174
.
) (289-4)(290-4
) (291-4):(292-4

- 504 -
(Contact) -8 :
14-1. General Postproc> Read Results> By Time/Freq>

Value of Time or Freq = 120
>OK
14-2. Select> Entities>
Elements> By Elem Name> Element Name = 174 > From Full > Apply> Plot> OK
14-3. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu>

Contact> Contact Pressure> OK
A
C
:(289-4)
:(4)
(Conta174) (Conta174) ( 174)
(Contact Pair) ( Targe170)
.(290-4)
Preprocessor>Element type> Add/Edit/Delete
(Conta174) ( Targe170) :(290-4)

- 505 -
(Contact) -8 :
A B
C
G E
F
(Conta174) :(291-4)
A
B
NODAL SOLUTION
TIME=120
/EXPANDED
CONTPRES (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX=0.390001
SMX=406451
Min=0 Max=406451
:(292-4)

- 506 -
(Contact) -8 :
:( Von Mises) -15
( Von Mises)
:(294-4)( 293-4)
15-1. Select> Everything>

2. Plot>Elements
3. General Postproc> Read Results> By Load Step>
Load step number = 2 )(
>OK
4. General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu>
> Stress> Von Mises Stress > OK
C
A
:(293-4)
NODAL SOLUTION
Step=2
SUB=15
TIME=200
/EXPANDED
SEQV (AVG)
DMX=1.7
SMN=0.231625
SMX=2992.8
Min=0.231625 Max=2992.8
( Von Mises) :(294-4)
.( 294-4) :(5)

- 507 -
(Contact) -8 :
:(Animate) ( Von Mises) -16
( Animate) ( Von Mises)

( over Results) (296-4)( 295-4)
:
16- Plot Ctrls> Animate> Over Results
Model result data = Load Step Range
Include last SBST for each LDST=(Check)
Auto contour scaling = On
Contour data for animation = Stress- von Mises SEQV
> OK
C
D
E
F
(Animate) :(295-4)

- 508 -
-8 )(Contact :
2 1
4 3
) :(296-4 ) (Von Mises )(Animate
-17 :
) (Z ) (4.5
) (297-4 :
( Z 17-1. List> Nodes> OK> )5.5
) :(a-297-4

- 509 -
-8 )(Contact :
) :(b-297-4 ) (Z )(4.5

) (298-4):(299-4
2. Plot> Volumes
Add > Reaction Forces> Structural Forces> Z-Component Force>OK
> ( 5.4 > )98
> Next> OK
>Graph Data ) (
>List Data ( )
G H
E
D F
) :(298-4 )(FZ

- 510 -
-8 )(Contact :

)(FZ

)(TIME
) :(299-4 ) (FZ ) (89
) (Fz (
. )

- 511 -

REFERENCES
.Ansys 2009 .[ 1]
. 1122 ..[ 2]
[3] ERDOGAN MADENCI; IBRAHIM GUVEN, 2006- The Finite Element Method
and Applications in Engineering Using Ansys. University of Arizona.
[4] ANSYS Tutorials. 2001- University of Alberta
[5] ANSYS Tutorials, Release 14- Documentation for ANSYS.
[6] www.youtube.com
[7] MADENCI E; GUVEN I, 2006-The Finite Element Method and Applications in

Engineering Using ANSYS-XVI, 686, P463.

- 512 -
.
.
.5102
.5112
.5112
- 5112
. .
- - .
( - )
DOCTORAT-INSA - TOULOUSE FRANCE - 1987

DEA-INSA - TOULOUSE FRANCE - 1984
- 0721
E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com
E-mail: seffo1@yahoo.com

ANSYS كتاب

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ANSYS كتاب

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ANSYS

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

) :(1-1 ( )Mechanical APDL Product Launcher

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

1-3-1 ):(Graphical User Interface_ GUI

) :(2-1 ()Graphical User Interface_ GUI

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

-8 ):(User Prompt Info

2-3-1 ):(Output Window

) :(4-1 ()Output Window

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

6-1 ):(Element Type

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

)(2D Solid Elements

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

SHELL Elements MESH Elements HF Elements BEAM Elements

Acoustic Thermal Explicit Dynamics Structural

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

7-1 ):(Material Properties

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

'F 'C 'F H 'C

H 'C 'F H 'C

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

) (ANSYS ) (Primitives ) (2D

Rectangle Circle Polygon

Block Cylinder Prism Sphere Cone Torus

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

2-8-1 ):(Global Coordinate Systems

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

) :(31-1 ) (Mapped Mesh )(Free Mesh

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

):(Global Element Sizing

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

10-1 ):(Boundary Conditions

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

12-1 ):(Analysis Type

1-12-1 ):(Static Analysis

2-12-1 ):(Modal Analysis

Eng. Mutaz Hussein Tel: +963 988 00 28 22 E-mail: motazmotaz6@hotmail.com

3-12-1 ):(Harmonic Analysis

4-12-1 ):(Transient Analysis

5-12-1 ):(Spectrum Analysis