# :

A m wide 5 mm thick concrete slab is longitudinally reinforced with mm

diameter bars. The bars are mm on center. The ratio of the elastic modulus of steel to
that of concrete is . If the allowable stresses in the steel and concrete are 5 MPa and 8
MPa, respectively, determine the maximum allowable moment in the slab. Assume the both
materials remain elastic and no tension in the concrete.

fc 8 MPa fs 150 MPa d 125 mm .... from top of concrete to steel

w 1000 mm

Transformed Section ENA (or NA):

n 12 .... transforming the section to concrete

dbar 10 mm .... diameter of one steel bar

For zero net axial force on the cross-section:

C= T

1
C= f h' w
2 c

1 3 N
fc w 4 10
2 mm

2 2 2
dbar dbar dbar ( 125 h')
T = 10 fs = 10 Esteel s = 10 n Econcrete c
2 2 2 h'
2
dbar 2
As 10 785.398 mm
2

Assuming concrete compression controls, define h' as h'1:

Econcrete c = fc

2
dbar
10 n fc 75398.224 N
2
 Since C = T

4000 h'1 = 75398.224

125 h'1
h'1
2 2

75398.224 125 h'1 4000 h'1 simplify 9.424778e6 75398.224 h'1 4000.0 h'1

or
2

f h'1 9.424778e6 75398.224 h'1 4000.0 h'1

9.424778e6
p f h'1 coeffs 75398.224 .... coefficients of f(h'1)
4000.0

58.872
h'values polyroots ( p)
40.022

h'1 h'values mm h'1 40.022 mm

2

1 5
C f h' w 1.601 10 N
2 c 1
2
dbar
T 10 n fc
d h'1 1.601 105 N
2 h'1

T
fs_calc 203.832 MPa .... GREATER THAN 150 MPa .... NOT GOOD!
As .... Implies steel stress controls design
.... Reanalyze assuming maximum stress in the steel
.... i.e. find h' for fs = 150 MPa; call it h'2

2 2 2
dbar
T = 10
dbar
fs = 10
dbar
Esteel s = 10 n Econcrete c
125 h'2
2 2 2 h'2
or
2
dbar 5
T 10 fs 1.178 10 N
2
2
dbar 3 2
10 n 9.425 10 mm
2

T = 9425 fc_calc
125 h'2
h'2
 1
C= f h' w
2 c_calc 2

1
w 500 mm
2

Since C = T

500 h'2 = 9425

125 h'2
h'2

2 2

9425 125 h'2 500 h'2 simplify 1178125 9425 h'2 500 h'2

or
2

f h'2 1178125 9425 h'2 500 h'2

1178125
p f h'2 coeffs 9425 .... coefficients of f(h')
500

58.873
h'values polyroots ( p)
40.023

h'2 h'values mm h'2 40.023 mm

2

T
fc_calc 5.887 MPa .... < 8 MPa .... OKAY!!
1
h' w
2 2
1 5 5
C f h' w 1.178 10 N T 1.178 10 N
2 c_calc 2

h' h'2 40.023 mm

h'
Mallowable C d 13.155 kN m
3

h'
T d 13.155 kN m
3
# : Derive general expressions for the deflection of the simply supported beam shown in
the figure. Assume EI = constant.

3 P x
0 x L M1 ( x) =
4 4

3 3 3 3 3 3
L x L M2 ( x) = P L P x L = P L P x
4 16 4 4 4 4

Boundary Conditions:

@ x = 0: v1 ( x) = 0

@ x = L: v2 ( x) = 0

Moment-Curvature for M1(x):

2 M1 ( x) P x
d
v1 ( x) = =
2 E I 4 E I
dx

2
P x P x
1 ( x) = dx = c
1 8 E I
4 E I

P x2 P x
3
v1 ( x) = c1 dx = c2 c1 x
8 E I 24 E I

v1 ( 0) = 0 Therefore, c2 = 0

Moment-Curvature for M1(x):

d
2 M2 ( x) 3 P
v2 ( x) = = P ( L x)
2 E I 4 E I
dx
 2
3 P 3 P ( L x)
2 ( x) = ( L x) dx = c3
4 E I 8 E I

3 P ( L x) 2 2
3 P L x 3 P L x
2
P x
3
v2 ( x) = c3 dx = c4 c3 x
8 E I 8 E I 8 E I 8 E I

3 3 3
3 P L 3 P L P L
v2 ( L) = 0 Therefore, c4 c3 L = 0
8 E I 8 E I 8 E I

3
P L
c4 = c3 L
8 E I

Other Conditions - Continuity Conditions:

3 3
1 L = 2 L ... Eqn. 1
4 4

2 2
3 P L 9 9 P L
1 L = c1 = c1
4 8 E I 16 128 E I

2 2
3 3 P L 1 3 P L
2 L = c3 = c3
4 8 E I 16 128 E I

Thus,

2 2 2
9 P L 3 P L 12 P L
c1 c3 = c1 c3 = 0
128 E I 128 E I 128 E I

2
12 P L
c3 = c1
128 E I

3 3
v1 L = v2 L ... Eqn. 2
4 4

3
3 3
v1 L = c1 L
27 P L
4 4 1536 E I
 3 3 3 3
3 P L 3 9 P L 27 P L 27 P L
v2 L = c3 L c3 L
4 8.E I 4 32 E I 128 E I 512 E I

3
3 1 P L
v2 L = c3 L
4 4 512 E I

Thus,

3 3
3 27 P L 1 P L
c1 L c3 L =0
4 1536 E I 4 512 E I

3 L c1 L c3 3
L P
= 0
4 4 64 E I

2
P L
3 c1 c3 = 0
16 E I

2
P L
c3 = 3 c1
16 E I

Solving,

2
5P L
c1 =
128 E I

2
7 P L
c3 =
128 E I

3
9 P L
c4 =
128 E I

Giving,
2 3
3 5 P L P x
0 x L v1 ( x) = x
4 128 E I 24 E I

3 2 2 2 3
3 9 P L 7 P L 3 P L 3 P L x P x
L x L v2 ( x) = x
4 128 E I 128 E I 8 E I 8 E I 8 E I