Constants: Electric Potential (static case!

):

9 2 2  B
ke 1/4o = 8.98755 10 N m C U ~ d~l
V = VB VA = = E
12 2 2 q A
o = 8.85 10 C /N m
q
o 4 10
7
T m/A Vpoint = ke
r
2 
c = 1/o o dq
V = ke continuous
19 r
e = 1.60218 10 C
31
dV ~ = V ~
me = 9.10938 10 kg Ex = E
dx
27 q1 q2
mp+ = 1.67262 10 kg Upair of point charges = ke = V1 q2 = V2 q1
23 r12
NA = 6.022 10 things/mol X ke qi qj
g = 9.81 m/s
2 Usystem = sum over unique pairs =
pairs ij
rij
 
1 2 1
Ufield = o E dVol = V dVol
2 2
Basic Equations: 
dq
V = ke continuous
r
2 2 b b2 4ac dV
0 = ax + bx + c = x = Ex = E~ = V~
2a dx
~ mv 2 ~ x| cos = qEx x
P E = qV = q|E||~
Fcentr = r Centripetal
r
constant E field

Electric Force & Field:

Other:
~ q1 q2 ~1
F12 = ke 2 r = q2 E
r

~2 E
E ~1 n = 4ke sheet of charge with
~1 = ~ q 1
E F12 /q2 = ke 2 r
r
  Fsheet = (E1 + E2 )
X qi dq r 2
~ = ke
E ri ke r = ke dVol
2
ri r 2 r2
i

Current & Resistance:

Capacitors: 
~ ~ uniform J dQ
I = J dA I = = nqAvd
S dt
Qcapacitor = CV X uniform J I
J = nk qk vk J = = nqvd
0 A A
Cparallel plate = k
d  
1 Q2 ~ ~ =d
J dA dVol
2 dt V
Ucapacitor = QV = = C (V ) S
2 2C %l
Ceq, par = C1 + C2 + C3 + R= = 1/
A
1/Ceq, series = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 + q ~
~
vd = E = scattering time
Cwith dielectric = Cwithout air = 1 m
m
I = dQ/dt = CdV /dt = 1/ =
nq 2
R = V /I Ohm
RC circuits
E = %J orJ = E Ohm
P = dU/dt = IV power
h i
t/
QC (t) = Q0 1 e charging
Req = R1 + R2 + . . . series
t/
QC (t) = Q0 e discharging
1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . . parallel
Q(t) = CV (t) X X
Iin = Iout junction
= RC X
V = 0 loop
closed path
ac Circuits

EM Waves:
= L/R RL circuit
= RC RC circuit ~
|E|
1 c = f =
XC = resistance of a capacitor for ac ~
|B|
2f C
photons energy

1
XL = 2f L resistance of an inductor for ac I =
time photon Area
1
cutoff = = 2f energy Emax Bmax power (P) E2
I = = = = max
time area 20 area 20 c

1
Magnetism: Vectors:
q
~ ~
vB
FB = q~ |~
F| = Fx2 + Fy2 magnitude
FB = Id~l B
d~ ~ I-carrying wire

1 Fy
= tan direction
Fx
~ = o Id~l r
dB wire r = ~
r/|~
r|
4 r2
~ = 0 I d~l = dx x + dy y + dz z
B loop
2r
o N I a = ax x + ay y + az z and ~
let ~ b = bx x + by y + bz z
B= = o nI solenoid n
l X
FB o I1 I2 a~
~ b =ax bx + ay by + az bz = a||~
ai bi = |~ b| cos
= 2 wires i=1
l 2d
 a~
|~ a||~
b| = |~ b| sin
B = ~ dA
B ~
x y z

~
=~ ~ with ~
B ~ I loop
= IA ~ ~
a b = ax ay

az = (ay bz az by ) x + (az bx ax bz ) y + (ax by ay bx ) z


~ bx by bz
U = ~
B dipole

1 2
Ufield = B dVol
2o Derived unit Symbol equivalent to

newton N kgm/s2
Induction & Maxwell
joule J kgm2 /s2 = Nm
watt W J/s=m2 kg/s3
V = |~ ~ = |E|l
v||B|l ~ motional voltage
coulomb C As
L = N B /I V W/A = m2 kg/s3 A
farad F C/V = A2 s4 /m2 kg
VL = LdI/dt
ohm V/A = m2 kg/s3 A2
2
L = o N A/l solenoid tesla T Wb/m2 = kg/s2 A
electron volt eV 1.6 1019 J

t/
I = (V /R) 1 e = L/R LR close
- 1 T m/A 1 N/A2
t/
I = (V /R) e = L/R LR open - 1 T m2 1V s
1 2
- 1 N/C 1 V/m
U = LI
2
Power Prefix Abbreviation
M12 = N2 12 /I1 = M21 = N1 21 /I2 = M mutual
12
10 pico p
V2 = M dI1 /dt LdI2 /dt
 109 nano n
V = ~ d~l = dB
E 106 micro
dt 103 milli m
V = Blv motional 102 centi c
 103 kilo k
E = E ~ = 4ke qencl = qencl
~ dA
o 106 mega M
 109 giga G
~ dA
B ~ =0
1012 tera T

~ d~l = o I + 1 dE
B
Right-hand rule #1
c2 dt 1. Point the fingers of your right hand along the direction of ~
v.
2. Point your thumb in the direction of B.~
Optics:
3. The magnetic force on a + charge points out from the back of your hand.

hc
E = hf = Right-hand rule #2:
Point your right thumb along the wire in the direction of the current. Your fingers curl
speed of light in vacuum c around the direction of the magnetic field, which circulates around the wire.
n = =
speed of light in a medium v
1 v1 c/n1 n2
= = = refraction
2 v2 c/n2 n1
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2 Snells refraction
f = c
h0 q
M = =
h p
1 1 1 2
= + = mirror & lens
f p q R
n1 n2 n2 n1
+ = spherical refracting
p q R
n2
q = p flat refracting
n1
n2 n 1

1 1 1
= lensmakers
f n1 R1 R2