oDIH rEmfha udkj iy ;dlaIKsl ixflakaKh

ixjOkh fjka mj;sk rgj, mej;s iudP l%uhkaf.a we;sjk ish fjkiays
n,me ldrl idOlh njg ikaksfok l%shdj,sh iy inkaO jk nj w: Ydia;%{
uydpdh ,slka mjihs' j;udkfha fYaIfhkau oDIH udOH uq,a lr.kska isf'
fuys rEm ;=<ska rEmd:hka ^ Visual Visualizing & f.dv ke.Su is f' fuh wka;
Ihsl (Inter Disciplinary) nyq Ihsl (Multi-Disciplinary) iy mdr Ihsl (Trans
Disciplinary);;a;ajhls' thg n,mdk ldrKdjka lsysmhla mj;S' m<uqj wm lSu iy
ne,Su folla f,i jgyd .; hq;=h' fuys ne,Su hk ldrKdjg mok jk ;j;a
wjfYaI ldrKdjka .Kkdjla mj;S' tu wjfYaI ldrKdjka w: ksIam;a;shg odhl
f' fuys w:h jkafka rEm jHdlrKhg .;s {dkSh w: f.dv ke.Sug mj;sk
yelshdjhs' fuh mok lreKq ;=kla Tiafia l%shd;aul f' rEm jHdlrKh tys
;dlaIKsl l%shdj,sh iy fm%alaIlhdhs fuh ;%sfldaKdldr inkaOhla f,i fmkajd
lah yelsh'fuh oDIH udOHg fYaIs;j w: lshf uq,sl ;;a;ajhhehs
ie,l=fjdfyd;a tys oa;sl ;;a;ajfha nyq wre;a Pkkh lrhs' tk rEm Tiafia hula
ikaksfokh lsf tys w:hka lshug ixialD;sh iska lrk fm<Tuhs' th
nysi%d lrka lshug ,la lsu ksjre f;dr;=re .%yKhg n,mE lrhs'

fuu ,smsfha wjOdkhg ,la lrkafka rEmjdysksh iy ne mj;sk ;dlaIKsl

mdYjhhs' f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a f jkg;a g,a ;dlaIKh ^Digital
Technology & ;u ldYk lghq;= i`oyd Nd; lrhs' kuq;a ,xldj ;ju;a tu
;dlaIKh jdo imkak ldrKdjla njg m;a lrka m%;siu ^ Analogue & ;dlaIKh
Nd; lrka ishs' fLd 625 ^ Lines& la fhdod .kska fLd B l%uh hgf;a w;s Wp
ixLHd;hka ^Very High Frequency & hgf;a kd,sld 2-12 olajd;a fLd G l%uh hgf;a
w Wp ixLHd;hka ^Ultra High Frequency &hgf;a kd,sld 21-69 olajd;a whfrka
whrh l%shd l< yels l,amSh fLdjkaf.a ^ PAL & B j.fha rEmjdysks moaO;shla
^Television System & f,i mj;sk ldYk ;dlaIK ^Broadcasting Technology &
l%ufoh ykd .; yelsh'

rEmjdysks oHdf uq,sl isoaOdka;uh moku jkafka oDIHuh m%;snh wkql%l f,i
Yaf,aIKh lsu iy ixiaf,aIKh ^ Synthesis & lsuhs' fuu isoaOdka;h hgf;a
rEmjdysks udOH l%shd;aul fjhs' fufia l%shd;aul jk rEmjdysks ;dlaIKh ms<sn`oj
2014 jIfha ueo Nd.fha os Y%S ,xldj g,a l%ufohg b mia jir ;=< .uka lrk
nj ms<s.; yels Pd;sl mqj;am;l i`oyka h' kuq;a ;ju;a tys l%shd;aul iajrEmhla
olskakg fkdue;' flfia fj;;a fuu l%ufohg hdug fmr fuys ;dlaIKsl
ixl,amhkaf.a fjki jgyd .ekSu W;h'
g,a ^ Digital & hkafkka woyia jkafka o;a; iy f;dr;=re mj;skafka ixLHd;
;dlaIKhg wkqj l%u fo follghs' tk mej;Su yd fkdmej;Su ke;fyd;a we;
iy ke; hk wjia:d muKs' fuh ;dlaIKhg wkqj 1 iy 0 f,i ykajd h yelsh'

ixLHxl njg fmr,Su ^ Digitize & hkq fjkia wdldr yevhkaf.a ksfhdaPkh fuu
l%shdj,sh Tiafia wxls; l%ufohg fmr,Suhs'

ixLHxl lrKh ^ Digitalization & hkq ixOdk rgj,a fyda wdh;k fuh Nd;hg
.ekSu fyda tu Nd;h by< kexu i`oyd g,a ;dlaIKh fhdod .ekSuhs' tk tu
wdh;k rgj,a fyda ixOdk fuu l%shdj,shg wkq.; uhs'

f,dalfha g,a l%ufoh fu;r Pkm%sh jkafka iy iS.%fhka jHdma; jkafka ta i;=j
mj;sk YlH;djhka mok lr .kskah' m<uqfjkau jKdj,Sh ldhlaIu;djh^
Spectrum efficiency & ms<sn`o ie,lSf tla kd,sldjla ;=<ska nyqO ldhhka lsf
yelshdj ^ One channel multiple program &iy wvq n,hlska ifm%aIKh iy
mkrdj;kh ^ Low power transmitters and repeaters & lsu;a ;ks ixLHd; Pd,hla ^
Single Frequency Network SFN & f,i l%shd;aul u;a lsh yelsh' fojkqj fuu
l%ufhys Yla;Ska ^ Strong & f,i Yd, o;a; m%udKhla ^ Heavy Data &ord .ekSf
yelshdj tk wxls; imSvk ;dlaIKh ^ Digital Compression Technology & f,i
fmkajd h yelsh' f;jkqj fuys mj;sk .=Kd;aul ^ Quality &yelshdjhs' tk b;d
by< Y%jH iy oDIH .=Kd;aul nj fukau w rEml ^ High Definition & rEmjdyskS
l%ufohka mej;Su;a nyqO fodaI ksfodia lsf ;dlaIKsl l%u ^ Multiple Error
Correction Techniques & mej;Su;a fuys ,d yqjd lah yelsh' isjkqj tys g,a
l%ufofha mj;sk Px.uYS,sNdjh ^ Mobility &ykd .; yelsh' ta hgf;a Px.u
m%;s.%yK yelshdj ^ Reception in Mobility & iy .%ylhdg wf;a f.k hd yels yelshdj
^ Portable Receivers & fukau wdjrKfhys ^ Coverage & mj;sk jHdma;sh i`oyka l<
yelsh' miajkqj fuys mj;sk nyq ldh ^ Multitask & yelshdj tk Y%jH" oDIH " huka
" o;a; iy wiSudka;sl fh ^ Audio ,Visual, Text, Data , Unlimited Application and
Features & iy O uqyK
q qjrhka mej;Su;a yhjkqj myiq wka;.; ieliqu;a ^ Easier
Content Processing & myiqfjka ifm%aIKh ^ Easier to Transmitters & lsug we;s
yelshdj;a fuys mj;sk YlH;djhka f,i ykd .; yelsh'

fuu by; yelshdjka j,ska mmqK fuu l%ufohg hdug wm woyia lrhs k 1982
md,sfka;=f wxl 6 orK mk; fjkia lrka ldYK l%ufoh fjkia l< hq;=h'
wo jk g ,xldf iuyr kd,sld HD l%ufohg m.; ls is l<o ldYk
lghq;= m%;siu l%ufohg is lrhs' kg wm yuqf mj;sk wNsfhda.h k wm f;dard
.kafka l=uk ;dlaIKsl l%ufoh o hkakhs' f ms<sn`oj uid ne,Sfos wmg m%Odk
g,a ;dlaIK l%ufohka folla ms<sn`oj wjOdkh fhduq l< yelsh' tk 2003
jIfha Pmdkh uq,sl lr .;a ISDB- T ( Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting
Terrestrial ) k fuu ;dlaIKsl l%ufoh fiiq rgj,g jHdma; lrkakg h' tk
n%iS,h " ms,smSkh " wdfPkakdj" ol=Kq weuldj jeks rgj,a f' wfkla ;dlaIKsl
l%ufoh k tlai;a rdPOdksh" Puksh " m%xYh jeks hqfrdamd l,dmfha rgj, Nd;
lrk DVB-T2 ( Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial ) hk l%uhhs' fuu l%uhkays
jvd iqiq l=ulao hkak ;ju;a wm ksYa; ks.ukhlg t<U fkdue;' fuys m%;siu
l%ufoh wjika lrka wxls; l%ufohg hdug wjYHj ;sf' ,a f.%aia jrla i`oyka
l< lshukla k ;dlaIKh fkdj wka;.;h wm yuqf mj;sk m%n, wNsfhda.h
njhs'

woH;k rEmjdysks udOH udkj jia;=j yev.eiafuys ,d m%n, udOHhla iy ldrlhla

njg m;aj ;sf' wm ;dlaIKh .ek fldf;la l;d l<`o ;dlaIKh iy iu.dj
ksia fud<h jOkh fkdu wm yuqf mj;sk wfkla wNsfhda.hhs' tk wm w;S;h
uid ne,Sf ta nj ;yjqre lr .; yelsh' ;dlaIKsl ldrKdjg tyd .sh udOH
whs;shla ta ;=< ;yjqre h' tk ixLHd; mrdi yd iDcqj inkaO jk ksu,a m%kdkag
tfrysj .=jka ,s ixia:d kvq ;Skajhs'

fuh m%kdkag tfrysj Y%S ,xld .=jka ,s ixia:dj yd wfkl=;a mdYj w;r mej;sKs'
rPh iska uyckhdf.a uqo,ska mj;ajdf.k hk YS% ,xld .=jka ,s ixia:dj fndfda
wdlD;suh fkdjk wOHdmksl jevigyka Yd%jlhd fj; mskukq ,nhs' 1995 fmnrjd
udifha NFEP (Non Formal Education Programme ) jevigyk w;ru. ys yefha
ldYkfha ndOdjla we;sKs' bka miq fuu jevigyka fndfyda f,i fjkialo
iys;j bhg ldY h' kuq;a fjki u.ska tu jevigyfka uq,a iqjrEmhg wod<
wvx'.= f;dr;=re b;d md,khla iys;j bhg ldYkh jq nj fmkajd fok ,'

ksu,a m%kdka hk ;eke;a;d fuu ixLHd;h Tiafia Y%djlfhl= jk w;r fuu

jevigyka fjkqfjka iyNd.s jk odhl jk mqoa.,fhl= f,i yd odhl;ajh
,ndfokafkl= f,i W,a,x>Kh we;s nj i|yka lrka fuu fm;aiu bm;a lrk
,' Tyqf.a whs;sh lshdmdka m%ldY lr isfha fuu jevigk mq,a mrdihl mj;sk
Yd%jl .eg wkdjrKh lrka yd b;d jeo.;a f;dr;=re uq,hka inkaO lr.;a
jevigykala njhs' f ksid Yd%jlhdf.a f;dr;=re oek .ekSf whs;sh iqrCIKh l<
hq;=h' Y%S ,xldf f;dr;=re oek.ekSf whs;shg m%fY ug oe f,i h idOl u;
iSud h we;' fuu ksid m<uq jrg udOH yd iy inkaOj f;dr;=re oek .ekSf
whs;sh ;yjqre h'

wm rEmjdyskS ;dlaIKh .ek l;d l< hq;=h' tfukau ta yd iu.dj fm%AlaIlhd f.dv
ke.Su .eko wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' ukao kq;kfha udOH w f;dr;=re m%udKhla
yqjudre lrk m%Odk jdylh njg m;a uhs' udkj wjYH;d ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq
l, hq;af;a ksid hk i;ajhdf.a meje;au ;SrKh ug Tyq jgd is jk foa ms<sn|j
Tyqf.a oekqj;aNdjh jeo.;a idOlhla njg m;ajk neks' fuys iudc oHd{fhl= jq
.,a;=kaf.a iy uelaia;Ska f.a wjOdkhg ,la jq lrkq lsysmhls' tk"ksoyi"
wkkH;dj" meje;au " hymeje;au fuhska meye,s jkafka iudcfha j;a ug ksidg
wjYH miqu ilia h hq;af;a flfiao hkak wdh ms<sn|jhs' f yeu whrhlu wo
jk g ;dlaIKh m%n, N=ldjla bgq lrhs' Pmdkh NTSC l%ufoh Nd; lrka Y%S
,xldjg PAL ;dlaIKsl l%ufoh ykajd kakdla fuks' ;j rg;a wm rg w;a yod
ne,sf uOHia:dkhla njg m;a fkd isug ld,h t<U we;' kj ixl,am f.dv
ke.sh yels m%Pdjla ksudKh lsu wm yuqf we;s oreKq;u wNsfhda.hhs'

uq,dY%

Holland, Patricia (1997). The television handbook, Routledge: London.

Williams, Raymond (2003). Television: Technology and Cultural Form, Routledge:
London.
Gulati, R.R. (2006). Monochrome and Colour Television, New age international Pvt:
Delhi.

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