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Sold Integrals PDF
Sold Integrals PDF
1. Sketch the region R in the xy-plane bounded by the curves y 2 = 2x and y = x, and find its area.
Solution
1
The region R is bounded by the parabola x = y 2 and the straight line y = x. The points of intersection of the two
2
curves are given by
y2
y= y 2 2y = 0 y(y 2) = 0 y = 0, 2.
2
This gives the two points A = (0, 0) and B = (2, 2).
2 B
A
x
y 2=2x
R: 0y2
y2
x y.
2
Then,
Z Z Z 2 Z y
area(R) = 1 dA = 1 dx dy
R 0 y 2 /2
2
y2 y2 y3
Z
2
= y dy =
2 2 6
0 0
8 2
= 2 = .
6 3
2. Evaluate the integral
Z 3 Z 4y
(x + y) dx dy
y=0 x=1
Solution
1
The region of integration is the Type II region R
R: 0y3
p
1 x 4 y.
x=1
4
3
x
2
1
x
x = 4y
We have p
x= 4y x2 = 4 y y = 4 x2 .
Then, from the drawing above, we can rewrite the region R as the Type I region
R: 1x2
0 y 4 x2 .
Then,
Z 3 Z 4y Z 2 Z 4x2
(x + y) dx dy = (x + y) dy dx
y=0 x=1 x=1 y=0
Z 2 2
y2 4x
= xy +
2
1 0
2
16 8x2 + x4
Z
= 4x x3 + dx
2
1
x4 4x3 x5 2
241
= 2x2 + 8x + = .
4 3 10 1 60
3
3. Find the volume of the region of R bounded by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and by the planes z = 0, x = a,
x = a, y = a and y = a.
Solution
2
Let S be the 3D region bounded by the paraboloid and the planes.
z
-a
-a a
region R
Then,
Z Z
x2 + y 2 0 dA,
volume(S) =
R
Z Z p
4. Evaluate x2 + y 2 dA, where R is the region of the plane given by x2 + y 2 a2 .
R
Solution
p
The region R and the integrand x2 + y 2 are best described with polar coordinates (r, ). In those coordinates, the
region R, which is the region inside the circle x2 + y 2 = a2 , becomes
R: 0ra
0 2.
Then,
Z Z p Z 2 Z a
x2 + y 2 dA = r r dr d
R 0 0
Z 2 Z a
= r2 dr d
0 0
2 3
2a3
Z
a
= d = .
0 3 3
3
Z Z
2
+y 2 )
5. Evaluate e(x dA, where R is the region of 4. above.
R
Solution
R1R1 2
6. Evaluate the integral 0 y2
yex dx dy. Hint: First reverse the order of integration.
Solution
If we try to evaluate the integral as written above, then the first step is to compute the indefinite integral
Z
2
ex dx.
2
But ex does not have an indefinite integral that can be written in terms of elementary functions. Then, we will fist
reverse the order of integration. The region of integration is the Type II region
R: 0y1
y 2 x 1.
1 x=y2
x
1
4
7. Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the coordinate axes and the plane 3x + 6y + 4z = 12.
Solution
z
line 3x + 6y = 12
3 Region R
plane
3x + 6y + 4z = 12 3
y
2
y 4
4 R
x x
(1) (2)
Then, we have
12 3x 6y
Z Z
volume(S) = dA,
R 4
where R is the projection of the tetrahedron in the xy-plane. Then, R is the Type I region (see Picture (2))
R: 0x4
12 3x
0y .
6
Finally, this gives
Z 4 Z 123x/6
1
volume(S) = (12 3x 6y) dy dx
4 0 0
Z 4 2 x2
1
= (12 3x)y 3y 2 dx
4 0 0
Z 4
1 x x 2
= (12 3x) 2 3 2 dx
4 0 2 2
1 4 3 2
Z
= x 6x + 12 dx
4 0 4
3
1 x 2 4
= 3x + 12x = 4.
4 4 0
5
8. Evaluate the integral
Z 1 Z 4y2 p
x2 + y 2 dx dy.
0 3y
Solution
R: 0y1
p
3 y x 4 y2
We have p
x= 4 y2 x2 = 4 y 2 x2 + y 2 = 4.
Then, x varies between the straight line x = 3 y and the circle x2 + y 2 = 4.
The region R is
1 P = ( 3 , 1)
R: 0r2
0 ,
where is the angle made by the straight line x = 3 y. The straight line and the cicle meet at the points
2
3y + y 2 = 4 4y 2 = 4 y 2 = 1 y = 1.
The intersection point in the first quadrant is then P = ( 3, 1) = (2 cos , 2 sin ). Then,
1
= arcsin = .
2 6
p
Finally, the integrand x2 + y 2 is r in polar coordinates. This gives
Z 1 Z 4y2 p Z /6 Z 2
x 2 + y 2 dx dy = r r dr d
0 3y 0 0
/6
r3 2
Z
= d
0 3 0
8 4
= = .
6 3 9
9. Find the volume below the surface z = x2 + y 2 , above the plane z = 0, and inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 2y.
6
Solution
x2 + y 2 = 2y x2 + (y 2 2y) = 0 x2 + (y 1)2 = 1.
The base of the cylinder is then the circle of radius 1 centered at (0, 1). Then, we have to find the volume of the 3D
region:
z
z = x2 + y2
volume
x region R
where R is the projection of the 3D region in the plane, i.e. the circle x2 + y 2 = 2y. Using polar coordinates, this
gives Z Z
V = r2 r dr d.
R
In polar coordinates x = r cos and y = r sin , the circle writes as
x2 + y 2 = 2y r2 = 2r sin r = 2 sin ,
R: 0
0 r 2 sin .
Then,
Z Z 2 sin Z 4 2 sin
r
V = r3 dr d = d
4 0
0 0 0
Z
4 3 1 1
= 4 sin d = 4 sin 2 + sin 4
0 8 4 32 0
3 3
= 4 = .
8 2
Triple Integrals
10. Evaluate Z 1 Z 1 Z 2
xyz dz dy dx.
x=0 y=0 z= x2 +y 2
7
Solution
1 1 2 1 1
xyz 2 2
Z Z Z Z Z
xyz dz dy dx = dy dx
0 0 x2 +y 2 0 0 2 z= x2 +y2
1 1
xy(x2 + y 2 )
Z Z
= 2xy dy dx
0 0 2
1 1
x3 y y 3 x
Z Z
= 2xy dy dx
0 0 2 2
Z 1
x3 y 2 y 4 x 1
= xy 2 dx
0 4 8 0
Z 1 3
x x
= x dx
0 4 8
Z 1 3
7x x
= dx
0 8 4
2
x4 1
7x
=
16 16 0
7 1 3
= = .
16 16 8
x2 + y 2 + z 2 4, x 0, y 0, z 0,
Solution
We have Z Z Z
mass(B) = xyz dV,
B
and the region B is the portion of the sphere of radius 2 in the first octant.
z
sphere
x 2 + y2 + z2 = 4
y y
x 2 + y2 4
x
x
x
8
3D region B 2D region R
B: 0x2
p
0 y 4 x2
p
0 z 4 x2 y 2 .
Then,
Z 2 Z
4x2 Z 4x2 y2
mass(B) = xyz dz dy dx
0 0 0
2
4x2 2 2
z2
4x y
Z Z
= xy dy dx
2
0 0 0
Z 2 Z 4x2
1
= xy(4 x2 y 2 ) dy dx
2 0 0
Z 2 Z 4x2
1
= 4xy x3 y y 3 x dy dx
2 0 0
1 2 x3 y 2 y 4 x 4x2
Z
= 2xy 2 dx
2 0 2 4
0
1 2 x3 (4 x2 ) (4 x2 )2 x
Z
= 2x(4 x2 ) dx
2 0 2 4
Z 2 5
1 x
= 2x3 + 4x dx
2 0 4
1 x6 x4 4x2 2
= +
2 24 2 2
0
1 64 4
= 8+8 = .
2 24 3
12. Find the volume of the region B bounded by the paraboloid z = 4 x2 y 2 and the xy-plane.
Solution
9
Z Z Z
We have volume(B) = 1 dV.
B
z
(0,0,4)
z = 4 - x2 - y2
x R
R: 0 2
0 r 2,
B: 0 z (4 r2 )
0 2
0 r 2.
Then,
Z 2 Z 2 Z 4r 2
volume(B) = r dz dr d
0 0 0
Z 2 Z 2
= (4 r2 )r dr d
0 0
Z 2
= 2 4r r3 dr
0
r4 2
= 2 2r2 = 2(4) = 8.
4 0
13. Find the center of gravity of the region in 12., assuming constant density .
Solution
10
Using the description of the region B in cylindrical coordinates of 12., we get
Z Z Z Z 2 Z 2 Z 4r 2
z dV = z r dz dr d
B 0 0 0
2 2
(4 r2 )2
Z Z
= r dr d
0 0 2
Z 2
2
= 16r 8r3 + r5 dr
2 0
r6 2
32
= 8r2 2r4 + = .
6 0 3
Then,
1 32 4
z= = .
8 3 3
14. Evaluate Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV,
B
p
where B is the region bounded by the plane z = 3 and the cone z = x2 + y 2 .
Solution
x = sin cos
y = sin sin
z = cos .
p
Then, the cone z = x2 + y 2 writes as
sin
cos = sin = tan = 1 = ,
cos 4
the plane z = 3 as
3
3 = cos = ,
cos
11
and the region B can be described as
B: 0
4
0 2
3
0 .
cos
z=3
z = x 2 + y2
x
p
Finally, in spherical coordinates, x2 + y 2 + z 2 = .
Then,
Z Z Z p Z 2 Z /4 Z 3/ cos
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV = 2 sin d d d
B 0 0 0
Z /4 Z 3/ cos
= 2 sin 3 d d
0 0
/4
4 3/ cos
Z
= 2 sin d
4 0
0
Z /4
4
3 sin
= 2 d
4 0 cos4
81 (cos )3 /4
=
2 3
0
!3
81 2 27
= 1 = 2 21 .
6 2 2
15. Evaluate Z Z Z
3/2
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV,
B
where B is the region bounded by the spheres x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = b2 , where a > b > 0.
Solution
Using spherical coordinates, the region B between the 2 spheres can be described as
B: 0 2
0
a b.
12
z
Then,
Z Z Z Z 2 Z Z b
2 3/2
2 2
(x + y + z ) dV = 3 2 sin d d d
B 0 0 a
Z Z b
1
= 2 sin d d
0 a
Z b
= 2 ln sin d
0 a
Z
b
= 2 ln sin d
a
0
b b
= 2 ln cos = 4 ln .
a 0 a
16. Find the volume of the region B bounded above by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and below by the plane z = b,
where a > b > 0.
Solution
3
The region B can be described as the set of (x, y, z) R such that
p
b z a2 x2 y 2
13
for all (x, y) in the plane region bounded by the circle x2 + y 2 + b2 = a2 x2 + y 2 = a2 b2 .
(0, 0, a)
z=b
sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = a2
Then,
Z Z Z
volume(B) = 1 dV
B
Z 2 Z a2 b2 Z a2 r 2
= r dz dr d
0 0 b
Z 2 Z a2 b2 p
= ( a2 r2 b)r dr d
0 0
Z p a2 b2
= 2 a2 r2 r br dr
0
a2 b2 !
(a2 r2 )3/2 r2
= 2 b
(3/2)(2) 2 0
1
2 3/2 2 3/2
b
2 2
= 2 (b ) (a ) (a b )
3 2
3
a b3 a2 b b3
3
a2 b b3
a
= 2 + = 2 + .
3 2 2 3 2 6
17. Sketch the region B whose volume is given by the triple integral
Z 4 Z (4x)/2 Z (123x6y)/4
1 dz dy dx.
0 0 0
Solution
14
12 3x 6y
i.e. z varies between the planes z = 0 and z = 3x + 6y + 4z = 12. Furthermore, (x, y) are in
4
the region R described by
4x
R: 0y
2
0 x 4,
(0,0,3)
y
(0,2,0)
x (4,0,0)
region R
We now use the ordre of integration dV = dy dx dz. The region B be can be described as
12 3x 4x
0y
6
for all (x, z) in the region R which is the projection of B in the xz-plane. Then, R can be described as
R: 0z3
(12 4z)
0x .
3
This gives
Z 4 Z (4x)/2 Z (123x6y)/4 Z 3 Z (124z)/3 Z (123x4z)/6
1 dz dy dx = 1 dy dx dz.
0 0 0 0 0 0
18. Evaluate Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 dV,
B
p
where B is the region lying above the xy-plane, and below cone z = 4 x2 + y 2 .
Solution
where R is the projection of B in the xy-plane. Then, R is the region inside the curve
p
0 = 4 x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2 = 16,
15
which is a circle of radius 4.
z
2 2
z = 4 x +y
x
R
B: 0z 4r
0r4
0 2.
Then,
Z Z Z p Z 2 Z 4 Z 4r
x2 + y 2 dV = r r dz dr d
B 0 0 0
Z 2 Z 4
= r2 (4 r) dr d
0 0
Z 2 Z 4
= 4r2 r3 dr
0 0
2 4
4r3 r4
Z
= d
0 3 4 0
Z 2
64 64
= d = (2).
3 0 3
Solution
The region B described by the integral is the region given by 0 z (16 x2 y 2 ), i.e. bounded below bythe plane
z = 0 and above by the paraboloid z = 16x2 y 2 , for all (x, y) R. For the region R, we have 0 y 16 x2 ,
i.e. y varies between the straight line y = 0 and the top part of the circle x2 + y 2 = 16. Similarly, x varies between
16
the straight lines x = 0 and x = 4. Then, R is the portion of the circle x2 + y 2 = 16 in the first quadrant.
(0,0,16)
2
z = 16 - (x2 + y2) y = 16 x
R 0 4
x
3D region B 2D region R
B: 0 z 16 r2
0 /2
0 r 4.
Then,
Z 4 Z 16x2 Z 16x2 y 2 p Z /2 Z 4 Z 16r 2
2 2
x + y dz dy dx = r r dz dr d
0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 4
= r2 (16 r2 ) dr
2 0
4
Z
= 16r2 r4 dr
2 0
16r3 r5 4
=
2 3 5 0
2048 1024
= = .
2 15 15
20. Evaluate Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV,
B
where B is the region above the xy-plane bounded by the cone z 2 = 3(x2 + y 2 ) and by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
Solution
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 2 = 1 = 1,
17
4
The part of the cone above the xy-plane corresponds to = .
6
z sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
B: 01
0
6
0 2.
Then,
Z Z Z p Z 2 Z /6 Z 1
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV = 2 sin d d d
0 0 0
Z 2 Z /6 1 !
4
= sin d d
0 0 4 0
1 2 /6
Z Z
= sin d d
4 0 0
/6 !
1 2
Z
= cos d
4 0 0
1 2
Z
3
= 1 d
4 0 2
!
3
= 1 .
2 2
18