famous for=well-known speech /

high school remote sensing

girls education
the femto second
educationalist
educationeducation expert in
educational experience
educate photograph
headmistress floor
headmaster )land (on /
succeed in soil
manage to ground

consist of underground water
contain rocks

chemistry collect
physics century (100
score - director ) -
goals citizen
ceremony weightlifting
receive
surprised
Nobel prize for )advise (give advice
Nobel laureate chance
enjoyable
alive
contributions to professional
leader professor
surgeon satellite
operation atmosphere
save champion
institute championship
legendary competition
singer nuclear scientist
admire thank for ...
honour - thanks to
quality - radioactive materials
quantity researcher
improve research -
huge interesting
space scientist interested in
science magazine society
astronaut popular
astronomer independence

astrologer movement
archeologist literature
geologist author
brave
win
influence - medicine -
former
grow ()
president grow up ()
useful discover (
peace invent ) )(
project explore
do a quiz )help (to +v / with +n
1
1. Nabawiya Mousa feminist and educationalist .
Nabawiya Msa is famous because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school. When she
became older she helped other women to succeed in education and work. In 1908, she wrote a
book about girls education. Later she became the headmistress of Al-Mohamadia school for girls.

2. Dr Mostafa El-Sayed : ( scientist )

Dr Mostafa El-Sayed is one of the most famous scientists in the world. He is a scientist and
nanoscience researcher. He often writes in science magazines. His son is an important
surgeon and he wants to use his fathers work to help people. Dr Mostafa El-Sayed studies the
smallest parts of things. Surgeons dont usually see such small things, so his work can be very
useful in medicine.
3. Dr Farouk El-Baz
Dr Farouk El-Baz, who is a space scientist and a geologist, is the Director of Remote
Sensing at Boston University in the USA. He is the world's greatest expert in remote sensing:
the use of satellites to find water under deserts. Underground water was found in the Western
Desert and in Sinai thanks to photographs which he took from satellites .
Space projects
From 1967 to 1973, Dr El-Baz, worked on the American Apollo space project , which
landed men on the moon. He gave advice on where the astronauts should land, and told them
how to collect rocks and soil on the moon. Dr EI-Baz was born in Zagazig in 1938 and was
educated at Ain Shams University.
4. Dr. Ahmed Zewail
Ahmed Zewail was born in 1946 in Egypt where he grew up . He went to Alexandria University.
He finished his studies in the United States In 1974.After this; Dr Zewail worked at the University
of California. In 1976 he became a professor at the California Institute of Technology. In 1997, at
the age of 52, DrZewail won the Benjamin Franklin Prize because he discovered the femto
second, which is one millionth of one billionth of a second. Many scientists, students and
important people came to the ceremony and saw Dr Zewail receive his prize. Two years
later, Dr Zewail got the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

5. Umm Kulthum was a legendary Egyptian singer. She was born in Dakahlia. She was
known as the star of the east .
6. Naguib Mahfouz was an author and a Noble Laureate. He won the Noble Prize for literature.

7. Dr Sameera Mousa was Egypt's first nuclear scientist . She was a pioneering -
researcher in atomic radiation.
8. Zeinab Oteify: She is Paralympic champion at weightlifting. She influenced me
because she showed me that I can do a lot of things even with a disability

9. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon in 1969.

10. Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his contributions to
physics. He was famous for his theory of relativity in physics.
11. Marie Curie was a scientist who studied radioactive materials . She won the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911.
12. Nelson Mandela is a former president of South Arica. He put an end to racial
discrimination there. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in1993.
13. Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the Indian independence movement . He helped
free the Indian people from British rule

2
 Definitions
famous known about by a lot of people
headmistress a teacher who is a woman and the leader of a school
medicine the treatment and study of illnesses and injuries
surgeon a doctor who does operations in a hospital
useful something that makes it easier to do something
astronaut someone who travels and works in space
geologist someone who studies the history of rocks
soil the layer on the earth in which plants grow
space the area outside the earths atmosphere
underground under the surface of the earth
remote sensing using satellite to get pictures and information about the

earth
expert someone who knows a lot about a subject

Verbs and Nouns

Play (chess / football / squash / the piano )
Score / a goal / a point
Take ( medicine / advice )
Win / (a race / a competition / a prize / points )
Give (advice / medicine / points / a prize )

win won : ( (
gain : ( (
earn :
beat beaten : ( (

1. El Ahly will [ win - beat gain earn ] the African Cup.

2. Menna [ gained beat gain earn ] a lot of information from the conference.
3. Menna [ earned - won beat gain ] 1000 L.E.

Lets + watch TV. Accepting /ok/good idea

Why dont we+ .? watch TV?
How (What)about + v.+ ing ? watching TV ? Refusing /sorry. Im not very keen

4. Lets go out for a meal tonight. (Why / How)

?
?

5. At the age of = when was + / In the age of = at the time of

6. He won the championship at the age of 16. (when)

7. We live in the age of technology. (time)

8. + is (was)...... the first /the last(one- person woman) to +

9. No one came to the party before Tom. (the first.)

3

Questions & Answers

1 How often does it rain in the Western Desert?

It rains every 20-50 years.
2 What should we thank Dr. El-Baz for?
For finding underground water in Egypt.
3 What do you know about Dr. Farouk El-Baz?
He is a space scientist and geologist.
4 Where does Dr. El-Baz work?
He is the director of remote sensing at Boston University.
5 What is remote sensing?
It is the use of satellites to find underground water in the desert.
6 Why is remote sensing important for Egypt?
To find underground water in the Western Desert and Sinai.
7 What advice did Dr. El-Baz give to astronauts?
He advised them where to land and how to collect rocks and soil on the moon.
8 Can scientists like Dr. El-Baz change our life?
Yes, as they usually discover and invent new things that make our life happier and easier .
9 What should we do to our distinguished scientists ?
We should honour and encourage them.
10 What is the job of Dr Mostafa El-Sayed?
He is a scientist and a nanoscience researcher.
11 What is the job of his son??
He is a famous surgeon.
12 Why is Nabawiya Musa famous?
Because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school.
13 What was her important role in education?
She helped other women to succeed in education and work.
14 Who is Zeinab Oteify?
She is a paralympic champion at weight lifting..
15- What do we learn from Zeinab Oteify?
We can do a lot of things even with a disability.
16 What is the Femto second?
It is one millionth of one billionth of a second.
17 What did Dr.Zewail win the Noble Prize for?
He won the Noble Prize for chemistry.

1 Write what you would say:

1 - You suggest going to the library.
2 Your friend suggests watching TV, but you disagree.
3 Someone asks your opinion of the film.
4 You introduce your friend Samar to Basant.
2-Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue:
Ayman: .?
Johh : I come from England.
Ayman: ..?
John : I live in London.
Ayman: How long will you stay in Egypt?
John : .. .

4
 Ayman: Have a nice stay.
John : . .
3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1- Ahmed is interested------------------------- playing chess.
a for b about c in d to
2 Dr.Zewail ------------------------ the Femto second.
a invented b discovered c explored d invited
3 The teachers always --------------- us advice.
a score b win c give d take
4 What about ----------- this quiz?
a do b doing c did d does
5 Being --------------- is one of the most qualities of a policeman.
a funny b lazy c beautiful d brave
6 Don't write too much in your paragraph, quality is more important than ----------------
a variety b beauty c equality d quantity
7 Scientists spend long years working ---------------------- new medicines.
a on b to c with d about
8 An ------------- is someone who travels and works in space.
a archaeologist b artist c author d astronaut
9 Some boys adore football,------------ boys are keen on handball.
a others b other c another d one
10 Thanks -------------- modern inventions we lead a happy life.
a to b for c about d on
11 An ---------------is someone with special skills of a subject.
a earner b electrician c accountant d expert
12 People all ------------the world like football.
a over b upon c after d directions
13 Dr.Zewail was ---------------------- the Nobel prize for chemistry.
a awarded b presents c gifted d won
14 We can get the best crops as the ----------------- is fertile.
a soil b ground c floor d earth
15 Do you know who --------------------- America?
a discovered b learnt c knew d invented
16 - -----------------------players are paid much money.
a junior b professional c amateur d old
17 Dr. El-Baz worked on the Apollo --------------- from 1967 to 1973.
a money b globalization c project d plan
18 Our team -------------- two goals and won the match.
a won b scored c played d beat
19 I have seen him -----------------about the pyramids on TV.
a talks b talking c to talking d to talk
20 You should study hard to ------------------- your goal.
a win b score c achieve d - beat
21-My father has.me a lot. I do just like him.
a) talked b) spoken c) influenced d) completed
22- When the spaceship landed on the moon, the ......... came out to collect rocks and soil.
a) travelers p) passengers c) astronauts d) geologists
23-Huge ........ of water are found under the sand of the Western Desert.
a) numbers b) liters c) quantities d) bottles
24-A great............ was held to celebrate his success.
a) quiz b) project c) museum d) ceremony
25-Remote sensing is the use of.......... to take pictures of the earth.
a) magazines b) satellites c) stones d) televisions

5
 26-Dr El-Baz worked on many ........... projects.
a) air b) atmosphere c) space d) soil
27-Dr El-Baz is an expert in ........... sensing.
a) far b) distant c) long d) remote
28-Footballers are now ............ not amateurs. Football is their job.
a) professionals b) craftsmen c) artists d) actors
29-Dr Mostafa El-Sayed is one of the most famous --------------------
a) engineers b) scientists c) architects d) champions
30- Zeinab Oteify is a famous ............................ player.
a) tennis b) football c) squash d) weight lifting
31-Children take part in ............... championships.
a) major b) junior c) senior d) Olympic
32- ............ my advice and you'll get a high score.
a) Do b) Take d) Make d) Listen
33-The Nile plays a .......... part in the lives of the Egyptians.
a) small b) minor c). major d) tiny
34-Countries that have no rivers depend on .......... water for farming.
a) underneath b) underground c) low d) hidden
35-Can you ......... photographs with this modern camera?
a) give b) take c) make d) paint
36-Mohammed Salah ........... a decisive goal in the last minute of the game.
a) kicked b) scored c) won d) got
37-Egypt............... the Cup of African Nations in 2008.
a) scored b) won c) gave d) bought

4- Find the mistakes and correct them:

1 Nabawiya Musa was the first Egyptian woman to go to prep school.
2 Head teacher is a teacher who is a woman and the leader of a school.
3 - someone who travels and works in space is an astrologer.
4 Our teacher is a real geologist, she knows everything.
5 Only directors can travel to the moon.
6 I like studying rocks, so I want to become an astronaut.
7 It is important for children to have a good expression.
8 Plants grow very quickly in the space in our garden
9 He is an amateur , he does things for money.
10 Modern means very old or historical.
11- Nano means very big things
12- An architect is the person who does operations in hospitals.

Translation
A) Translate into Arabic.
1- Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon and collect rocks and soil.
....
2- Thanks to the photographs which Dr El Baz took from satellites, we found underground
water in the Western Desert and Sinai.
....
....
B) Translate into English.

6
 . - -3
....
The Present Simple Tense

) he - she - it ( ) s(

I-we-you-they+ + v + s play - like

He she - it + v+s plays - likes

1. I in Cairo. ( live lives lived is living )

2. Sara usually Arabic . (study- has studied - studying- studies)
3. Boys always..sweets ( like - likes - liking - are liking)

) o - ss - sh - ch - x ( ) es ) .1
I, We ,You, They wash - watch - cross - go - mix
He, She, It washes - watches - crosses - goes - mixes
) y ( ) y ( ) ies ) .2
I, We ,You, They cry - try
He, She, It cries tries
s ( a / e/ i / o/ u) y .3
I, We , You, They enjoy - play - pray
He, She, It enjoys - plays - prays

Use
facts .1
The sun rises in the east .
It rarely rains in the western desert
.2
Mona lives in Tanta.
habits .3
I usually visit uncle on Friday.

It s ( ) habit to+ Its my habit to read stories.

( . )+(am- is - are) +used to +v+ing Im used to reading stories.
( . )+ usually + v+(s) I usually read stories.
1. Its my habit to wear a jacket. ( used to / usually)
..
..

I He She We You They
my his her our your their

7
 .4
believe / forget / hate / know / like / see / understand / want
- I know what you mean. I am knowing what you mean.

every (day-month) often sometimes always usually never ever

)...( ..
From time to time rarely scarcely seldom frequently occasionally generally
Once twice (a year)

(am - is - are )
1. Sameh comes late. (always )
..
2. Salma is late. (always )
..
3. My uncle visits us from time to time. (occasionally)
..
- every

4. Salma goes to school every day. = Every day Salma goes to school.
How often
5. It rarely rains in the desert. (How often )
..?

) { ( doesnt dont }

(s) ( dont ) .1
(s ) ( s ) ( doesnt .2
I-we-you-they+ dont v +
he she - it + doesnt v + s

6. I like tea. ( not) I ..

7. She likes tea (not) She ..
never
never .3
8. Omar always takes the bus. ..
doesnt s never dont - doesnt .4
dont + v = never + v & doesnt + v = never + v+ s
9. They dont get up early. = They ...
10. She doesnt like tea = She .
11. Kamal doesnt get up early . ( never )
.......................................................................................
12. Lions dont eat plants. (never )

8
 .5
1. Ramy is always late. ( never )
.......................................................................................
2. Salma usually tells the truth. ( never )
.......................................................................................
3. Hoda never forgets my birthday. (always)
.......................................................................................

........

do - does No , Yes,
(s) ( Do)
(s ) ( s ) ( Does)

Do + + .?
Does + + .?

Do you like fish? Yes, I do / No, I dont

Does he like fish? Yes, he does / No, he doesnt

Adel : ................................................................?
Mona : Yes, I visit Alex every year.

........ .

+ do does + + .?
Adel : ................................................................?
Mona : I live in Cairo.

Active + ( s) +
Passive + is are +p.p

1- Farmers grow plants ( Plants )

Plants are grown ( by farmers )
2-people speak English everywhere. ( English )
.......................................................................................
3- They make cars in Japan. (Cars)
.......................................................................................
4- They dont grow plants on the moon. ( Plants)
.......................................................................................

) (ed) (
1. I visited my uncle last week.
2. We went fishing last Friday.
: ( ed / d) :
- play played - played arrive arrived - arrived
- watch watched - watched use used - used

: (y) ( ied) ( y) -
- study studied - studied - cry cried - cried

: : -
- eat ate - eaten - go went gone see saw - seen

didnt +
didnt

3. They played well ..

4. I went home. ..

) ( -1
5. Taha Hussin wrote many stories.
6. She lived here for 5 years.
-2
7. When I was young . I played football every day.

It was ( ) habit to+ It was my habit to play football.
( . )+used to + I used to play football
( . )+ v+(ed) I played football.

8. When I was young, I went fishing every day. ( habit used to )

.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
9. Ramy used to drive a car = Ramy no longer drives a car. (habit)
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................

:
+ did + + ?

10
 1. - ?
I went to the cinema 3 weeks ago.
When = How long ago )
2. When did you work in this factory? ( How long )

:

Yesterday last. .ago Once in the past In ancient times Fromto..

( ) ....

Last + = + ago
3. Adel arrived last year. ( ago )

4. They visited us a month ago. ( last )

( + years + ago ) 2016 ( in + )
5. Ahmed was born in 1999. ( ago)

6. Noha lived here in 2010. ( ago )

(for + + years ) ( from + .to+ + )

7. Dr El Baz worked on the space project from 1967 to 1973. ( for )

8. I lived in Cairo from 2010 to 2015. ( for)

Active + ( ed) +
Passive + was - were +p.p
9. The boy broke the window. ( The window )

10. Adel sent the letter. (The letter)

the present simple the past simple
+ (v+s ) 1 + (v+ed ) 2
+dont / doesnt + +didnt +
+ do / does+ +? + did + +?
+ is/ are + p.p. + was/ were + p.p.
Every/often / sometimes/always/ usually Yesterday / last / ago / once / in the past
/never /ever/ rarely / scarcely / seldom / In ancient times/ in the old days/
generally / occasionally /frequently from..to /

11
1- Choose the correct answer.
1- I -------------------my dinner at eight o' clock every day.
a- eats b- ate c - eat d- eaten
2- My brother------------------the newspaper every morning.
a- reads b- read c has read d-is reading
3- The camera -------------------to take photographs.
a- is using b- is used c - uses d-used
4- The earth --------------------round the sun.
a- moved b- is moving c is moved d- moves
5- Mr. Salim -------------------comes late.
a- don't b- doesn't c - never d- didn't
6- What time -------------------you usually go to work?
a- do b- does c - will d- are
7- I'll phone you as soon as I -------------------------my work.
a- will finish b- has finished c - finished d- finish
8- English ----------------------all over the world.
a- speaks b- spoken c is spoken d- will speak
9- I --------------------------my aunt a week ago.
a- visited b- visit c - visiting d- would visit
10- We -----------------an interesting film last night.
a- watch b-watched c -have watched d- would watch
11- When I was on holiday, I --------------------tennis everyday.
a- play b- would play c - played d- have played
12- They -----------attend the conference last month.
a- won't b- didn't c wasn't d- don't
13- They came to my birthday party and ---------------nice presents.
a- gives b- were giving c have given d- gave
14- He ---------------------very quickly so we didn't understand.
a- has spoken b- speaks c spoke d- would speak
15- When ---------------you go to bed last night?
a- did b-will c do d- was
16- He came to my house and ------------------some tea with me.
a- have b- has c - had d- had had
17- During the holiday, tamer ----------------football every day.
a- played b- plays c were playing d- has played
18- This house -------------------- two years ago.
a-built b- builds c has built d- was built
19- When I was young, I ---------- eat a lot of chocolates.
a- use to b- used to c- am used to d- using to
20- A criminal ------- the guard of the bank last night.
a- killed b- has killed c- is killing d-kills
21- If only I ---------------------------in china today.
a- am b- was c- were d- be
2- Read and correct the underlined words;
1. The sun give us heat and light. [..]
2. He dont smoke at all. [..]
3. A plane was faster than a train. [..]
4. I doesnt like impolite people. [..]
5. He dont smoke at all.

12
3- Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) :-

1- He doesn't eat meat. (never)

..
2- He is used to taking exercise in the morning. (usually)
..
3- My uncle travels from time to time. ( always )
..
4- When did you finish your homework? (How long)
..
5- When I was young, I swam in the sea. (used)
..
6- I always go to bed late. (never)
..
7- He used to smoke . ( no longer)
..
8- How long ago did you start playing squash? (When)
..
9- She comes early all the times. (always)
..
10- He is used to wearing glasses (usually)
..
11- Samy is late. (always)
..
12- Its my habit to ride a bike. ( usually)
..
13- I met him last week (ago)
..
14- Usama was born in Tanta in 1999. (ago)
..
15- She got married a months ago. ( last )
..
16- Samy was in the habit of walking to work. ( used to )
..
17- Mothers look after children. ( Children )
..
18- Samy played football in the street. (used to )
..
19- My sister cleaned all the rooms. (All the rooms)
..
20- Hoda didnt sweep the floor. ( The floor)
..
21- He started playing football last week. (ago)
..
22- He never comes early. ( doesn't)
..
23- Mr Smith visited Egypt from 1997 to 2007. (for)
..
24- When I was young, I went to the beach every day. (used to)
..
25- My sister never goes shopping . ( not )
..

13
 prison argument /
in debt unknown
office clerk arrest
newspaper cricket
journalist hearth
novel ( ) youth
novelist blind
play deaf
report / dumb
tale / ceiling ( )
expectation / roof ( )
pen name fail
follow warm
century kind- hearted /
country house well-dressed -
workhouse break into
crime employer
criminal employee
detective crack /
science
fiction fiction plaster -
interview
nnnnbffifiction grey-haired
main / life / lives /
homeless well-known
lend - be based on
borrow / tell lies
owe ..to.. ... tell the truth
action / true
share obey
pay for realize
instead of shout
nearby guilty of
introduce hide
angry with () daughter
choice postpone
go on generous
adult - honest
inside surface miserable /
kidnap () relation
events do wrong
dark side by force
crowded refer to
properties
with permission
jumping insect civilization
moral - believe /
wheelchair damage
characters take place
state - take turns /
clarify punish

14
 Expressions
(be) in debt stop .. from + v. + ing ...
get into debt at the edge of
go to prison / take place
work for instead of + v. + ing
look for ask for advice
look after on board ) (
look like belong to /
(was) born into a good family take back /
be in trouble owe money to
introduce..to )(..... live on the streets
(be )rewarded for work out ) (

Definitions
novel a story about people that are not real
prison a building where people who do something wrong are sent
In debt when you owe money to someone
journalist when you owe money to someone
character a person in a book, play or film, etc.
belong to means own or to be a member of a group or organization
ceiling the inside surface of the top part of a room
cracked damaged, with thin lines on its surface
employer a person or company that pays people to work for them
fail to be unsuccessful in doing something
plaster - something to cover walls to give them a smooth surface
truth the true facts about something
hearth fire used to stay warm by sitting near it.
cricket a kind of jumping insect which makes a loud noise.
moral a lesson we learn from a story , a novel , a book or a play.

Derivatives
Verb Noun Adjective
choose choice chosen
describe description descriptive
die death dead
.. happiness happy
prison
..
imprison prisoner
lose loss lost /
punish punishment punishable
Quicken .. quick
illness ill

15
 A talk about Charles Dickens :

Have you heard of Charles Dickens? After Shakespeare he is probably the most famous
writer in the English language. He is the best known for his novels about life in
nineteenth century Britain
Dickens was born in 1812 into a good family in Portsmouth, in the south of England
.When he was still a young boy, his father went to prison in 1824, because he had got into
debt Charles went to London to earn money for the family.
At the age of twelve , he was working for ten hours a day in a London factory . He
saw how hard life was for poor people and many of the ideas for the stories of his novels and
the characters in them came from this time.
After he left the factory. Dickens went to work as an office clerk , but he did not
enjoy this. In 1834 he started work as a newspaper journalist While he was working for the
newspaper, he was also writing magazine stories about life in London.
Instead of using his real name he called himself Boz for these stories. In 1836
Dickens married Catherine Hogarth. He went on to write Oliver Twist in 1838 and
Nicholas Nickleby in 1839. David Copperfield followed
in 1850. In 1858 Dickens went to America to read his novels to people.
A tale of two cities in 1859, and Great Expectations in 1861.
In "Oliver Twist"; Dickens show the dark side of life in the nineteenth century London.
He describes the lives of child workers and life in the workhouse , where very poor people
were sent to live and work. Dickens died in 1870. When he died, Dickens was 58 years.

The cricket on the hearth:

A cricket is a kind of jumping insect which makes a loud noise. In this book, a family has a
cricket living on the hearth in their house. In the past, people thought that if you saw a cricket,
good things would happen to you, so the family in the story is happy to have it in their home.
The cricket on the hearth:

Caleb Plummer and his blind daughter Bertha lived together in a little house. They made toys
and their house belonged to the businessman who they worked for, Mr. Tackleton. Caleb and
Bertha were very poor, but Caleb looked after Bertha very well.
Bertha had been blind since she was born. Her father wanted her to have a happy life, so he
didn't tell her what their life was really like. Bertha didn't know that the ceilings were cracked
and the plaster was falling off the walls She never knew that everything around her was old and
poor. She didn't realize that her father was a grey-haired old man. She thought that they
lived in a comfortable home; she thought that she had a well-dressed father and that Mr.
Tackleton was a good employer. Because her father was kind, Bertha was always happy.
This changed one day when she heard Mr. Tackleton talking to her father. Mr. Tackleton was
angry and was shouting at her father. Bertha was sad and didn't talk to her father all day.
Her father realized that she had heard the argument. I have always tried to be good to you,
but I have failed," he said. Bertha didn't understand her father's words. Bertha, I
wanted you to be happy, so since the day that you were born I have hidden the truth from you.
I have changed things, invented things and told you stories that were not the truth."
I have been really blind, replied Bertha. I had never realized until today how kind and loving you have
been."
Caleb looked at his daughter. He was very surprised by her words. Finally, she said, " I have
always been happy, but now I will be even happier."

16
 Questions & Answers
1. What is Chales Dickens best known for?
- for writing about the dark side of life in London in the 19th century.
2. What pen-name did Charles Dickens use?
- He called himself Boz.
3. Mention some of Charles Dickens's novels.
- Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, A tale of two cities and Great Expectations.
4. Why did Charles Dickens go to London?
- Charles went to London to earn money for the family.

5. Where did Charles Dickens work at the age of twelve?

- He worked in a London factory.
6. What did Dickens see in the factory?
- He saw how hard life was for poor people
7. What does Caleb and Bertha do?
They make toys.
8. For whom did Caleb Plummer work?
- He worked for a businessman called Mr. Tackleton.
9. What truth didn't Caleb tell his daughter?
they were so poor. The ceilings were cracked and the plaster was falling off the walls
10. Why didnt Caleb tell his blind daughter about their real life?
- Because he wanted her to have a happy life.
11. How was the life Caleb and his blind daughter really lived?
- It was a miserable life..
12. What did Bertha think about their life?
- she had a comfortable home and her father was a well-dressed.
13. What did Bertha think about Mr. Tackleton, her fathers employer?
- he was a good employer.

14. When did Bertha know the truth about their life?
- When y she heard Mr. Tackleton shouting at her father.
15. What is the moral of the story?
It is better to tell the truth and be kind..

Find and correct the mistake.

1. Charles Dickens was born in the south of France.

2. He lived in the 18th century.
3. Charles's father died when Charles was a young boy.
4. When he was twelve years old, he went to work in an office.
5. Later he became a doctor in London.
6. He wrote plays about the lives of rich people.
7. A crocket is a kind of jumping insects which makes loud noise.
8. Caleb felt ashamed when Bertha told him how happy she was.
9. If you lend too much money, you will be in debt.
10. My brother gains a lot of money from his job as a pilot.

17
 borrow + + from + Ramy borrowed a book from Adel

borrow + +s .. ...
lend + + to + Adel lent a book to Ramy.
lend + .. + ...
Owe.. . + to + I owe my life to you.
Owe.. . ...

1) Hala borrowed a camera from Dalia. (lend )

.
2) Can I borrow your mobile ? ( lend)
.
3) I owe you apology. ( to)
.

This is +s .. This is Ahmeds car.

This belongs to This car belongs to Ahmed.

4) This is Monas bag. ( belong)
.

look after We should look after the environment.

take care of ...
care about ...
5) Parents should look after children. ( take care)
.

take place When did the story take place?

happen ...
6) Oliver twist happened in 19 century. ( take place)
.
at the age of.. He died at the age 50.
when he(she) was ...
7) He retired at the age of 60.
.

decided to He decided to sell his old car.

made a decision to ...
8) He decided to sell his old car. ( decision)
.

Went to prison He went to prison for a crime.

Was sent to prison ...
Was imprisoned

18
1-Choose the correct answer

1. He is a famous---------------------------- he writes for newspapers.

a - teacher b - journalist c - engineer d surgeon
2. The main ----------------------- in the story is Bertha.
a - moral b - director c - action d character
3. He killed the man, so he went to -------------------- for life.
a - prison b - paradise c - john d - theatre
4. He borrowed a lot of money, so he was in----------------------
a - debt b doubt c dizzy d phobia
5. Naguib Mahfouz wrote ---------------- about life in the 20th century.
a poems b articles c - reviews d novels
6. - ---------------------- is the inside surface of the top part of a room.
a - wave b ceiling c - flag d floor
7. He never tells lies, he always tells the ------------------------
a - truth b lies c fakes d - wrong
8. We use -------------- to cover walls to give them a smooth surface.
a - watermelons b plaster c - foams d pedals
9. After the cup fell on the floor, I saw it was-------------------------
a blacked b - cracked c floating d sinking
10. We know what Ali did last week, because he always tells the---------
a - truce b truth c - trade d drought
11. Basant didn't ---------------- any of her exams. She did very well.
a fail b - succeed c - feel d fill
12. Fady is very tall , he can touch the -----------------------
a floor b - sky c ceiling d knee
13. The -------------- of the story is that we should always tell the truth.
a rural b plural c majority d moral
14. A --------------------------- person can't see well.
a - deaf b - blind c disabled d lane
15. He wanted his daughter -------------------- a happy life.
a having b have c to have d had
16. He Always tells ---------------------- He is a liar.
a - lies b truth c reality d good
17. She thought that her father was well- -------------------.
a dress b dresses c dressing d dressed
18. His father ------------------- him because he told the truth.
a punished b rewarded c awarded d forwarded
19. We should repay our -------------------------
a debts b - debit c breath d breathe
20. Caleb had a difficult choice, the word "choice" here means----------
a decision b - intention c prediction d jobless
21. A ----------------- is a kind of jumping insect that makes a loud noise.
a bear b cricket c penguin d shark
22. He didn't use his real name, he used a ------------------------
a pen-name b surname c family name d nickname
23. In the past , people thought if you saw a cricket, ----------------- things would happen to you .
a good b sad c bad d evil
24. This knife isn't mine. It ------------------- to my sister.
a owns b owes c blows d belongs

19
25. He didn't -------------------------- he made the mistake.
a realize b recognize c paralyze d see
26. He was angry and shouted ---------------- his son.
a at b with c by d - from
27. We always take -------------------- to answer the questions.
a after b turns c place d to
28. He tried ------------------- the test , but he failed.
a to answer b answering c answers d answered
29. The plane is one of the most important -----------------------
a discovery b - exploration c invention d flight
30. A -------------------------- is a period of 100 years.
a century b decade c era d millennium

2- Finish the following dialogue.

Youssef : Have you ever been abroad?

Ramy : 1. .
Youssef : Which country did you go to?
Ramy : I went to England.
Youssef : 2. ?
Ramy : I went with my father.
Youssef : 3. ?
Ramy : Two weeks.
Youssef : Did you enjoy your stay there?
Ramy : 4. .
3- Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1. You can't hear what somebody is saying.
2. You ask your friend to open the window.
3. You ask your friend about his age.
4. You ask someone about his nationality.
5. You see your brother off at the airport.
6. Someone asked you to turn off the fan you agreed.

4- Find and correct the mistake in the following sentences:

1. Roof is the inside surface of the top of the room
2. Bertha is the main personality in the story
3. Criminals should be sent to hospitals.
4. My father works as a teacher in a local newspaper.
5. My friend always tells lies so we believe him.
6. If you lend too much money, you will be in debt.
7. He went to hospital to visit his ill friend.
8. He set by the horse to get warm and heat.
9. In Oliver Twist, Dickens showed the bright side of life.
10. Dickens is best known for his poems.
11. His father went to prison he had got into wealth.
12. Children whose parents died usually live in housework.
13. Your debit is money that you owe to someone.
14. A chapter is a person in a book, play or a film.
15. Oliver Twist, Great expectations and Copperfield are poems.

20
 16. The text of the story is to learn patience.
17. Good people should be punished.
5 Rewrite the following sentences:
1 Ahmad lent me ten pounds. (borrowed)

2 What is the lesson you have learnt from the story? (moral)

3 Sila is my brother's daughter. (niece)

4 He decided to visit Aswan. (decision)

5 He went to prison because of his debts. (sent)

6 This is Dina's mobile. (belongs)

7 We owe our parents a lot. (to)

8 Parents take care of their children. (look after)

10 He won the prize when he was 7. (age)

6- Translation
A) Translate into Arabic:

1- Society should look after children especially those who live in workhouses.
........
.....

2- Children should enjoy their rights as adults do.

......

3 - We should bring up our children on good manners to be good citizens.

......

4-The moral of the story is that bad people will be punished and good people
will be rewarded.
........
.....

B) Translate into English:

. .1
......

. .2
.......

21
 .3
.......

22
 Time Connectors
: :
+ was were + v+ing Past Continuous :
) + v +( ed Past Simple :
+ had + p.p Past Perfect :
) ( :
:

Ex : I was having lunch and suddenly it rained.

While I was having lunch , it rained.

While + ,
As ..
)As (Just as ) +was -were + v+ing ( + ) + v+ed( ,
While ( ) + v+ing , While ...
During + v+ing . , During ...
+ During (my) lunch
,....
When it rained , I was having lunch.
When + ,
) + v+ed( ) +was -were + v+ing (,
When ( ) + v+ing , When ...
On + v+ing , On ..

1- When I saw the accident , I was walking home. ) ( On / While / During

......
......
......
......

while when
while ( During )
( ) was / were ing

2- During my stay in Alex, I saw Nadia. ) ( While

......
3- During the film, Adel fell asleep. ) ( While
......
4- During our visit to Aswan ,we had a nice time. )(While
......
) ( :

23
 :

( first)
( then)

First I finished then I went home.

After + After I had finished, I went home.

As soon as + ( +had+ p.p.) ( + v+ed ) As soon as ...
After + v+ing ) ( After ...
+ n.
Having + p.p. Having ....

Before + Before I went home, I had finished.

By the time + ( + v+ed ) ( +had+ p.p.) By the time ...
Before + v+ing ) ( , Before ...
+ n.
+ until +
I didnt go home until I had finished.
( + didnt + + till +
) (
no sooner than I had no sooner finished than I went home.

+ had hardly +p.p when ...

scarcely when .....

No sooner than No sooner had I finished than I went home.
Hardly had + + p.p. when .. ...
Scarcely when ...
It wasnt until + that . . It wasnt until I had finished that I went home
It was only when + that . . ...

When

When I arrived , the train had left.
When I had arrived , the train left.
When When I arrived , the train left.
When I arrived , the train was leaving.
V+ing ) ) When arriving , the train (had) left.
First I learned to drive then I bought a car.
...... ( After )
...... ( Having )

24
 ...... ( Before )
...... (until )
...... (no sooner )
...... (No sooner )
...... ( It was )
...... ( It wasnt )

1- Rewrite the following sentences

1. First he finished his work. Then he left the office. (as soon as)
.
2.She bought a car after she had learnt to drive. (learning)
.
3.I phoned him after he had arrived. (when)
.
4.We watered the garden. Then we cleaned the house. (After)
.
5.After he had written several letters, he went to bed. (Having)
.
6.Nabil did his homework, then he watched TV. (Before)
.
7.Having finished the report, he handed it to the police. (After)
.
8.After The boy found a gold watch,,he took it to the police. (No sooner)
.
9.I heard the news and immediately told Youssef. (As soon as)
.
10. He left the place after his friend had come. (Until)
.
11. We went for a walk but first we finished our work. (Having)
.
12. Having visited his uncle, he went shopping. (After)
.
13. I didnt know about her success until I had met her (after)
.
14. She didnt marry till she had graduated. (before)
.
15. After I had studied, I went to bed. (Having)
.
16. She wrote a postcard then she went to the post office. (Before)
.
17. I had had my breakfast before I took the medicine (I didnt)
.
18. He didnt leave without talking the money. (Until)
.
19. They didnt work until they had had a holiday. (After)
.
20. He left the room after taking permission. (before)
.
21. I gave the book to a friend after 1 had read it. (when)
.
22. After he had taken the photos, he developed them. (Having)
.
23. I didn't park my car until I had found a place. (After)
.
24. Before sleeping, , I had done my homework. (Having)
.

25
 1-Choose the correct answer
1. ................had he left home than he heard an explosion.
a- Hardly b- No sooner c- Before d- After
2. I found your coat ................you had left the house.
a- after b- till c- no sooner d- hardly
3. I decided to water the tree after ......................it.
a- had planted b- planted c- planting d- plant
4. I didn't answer the question............ I had read it carefully.
a- after b- until c- as soon as d- before
5. Hardly ............ started our journey when the car got a flat tyre.
a- had we b- have we c- do we d- we had
6. He had no sooner bought a car .................he sold it again.
a- when b- that c- than d- then
7. After he .................his homework, he will watch the match.
a- had done b- did c- will do d- does
8. He missed the bus because he ------------ late.
a- had got up b- gets c- has got up d- got up
9. He didnt remember the promise he-----------
a- took b- has taken c- takes d- had taken
10. -As soon as I ---------- the ticket, I ran to catch the bus.
11. a- bough b- had bought c- have bought d- was buying
12. -The patient ---------------before the doctor came.
a- died b- dies c- had died d- has died
13. -As soon as he had arrived in London ,he -----------------me.
a-has phoned b- phones c- had phoned d- phoned
14. She --------------------a teacher before she became a guide.
a- has been b- had been c- was being d- is
15. By the time he was five, he ---------------------to write.
a- learnt b- learns c- had learnt d- would learn
16. When the telephone rang, they--------------the match.
a- watched b-had watched c-were watching d-watch
17. He-------the tree when he suddenly fell down.
a climbed b-climbs c-was climbing d-will climb
18. On--------------the film, Ali came.
a watch b-watches c-watched d-watching
19. They saw the fighting people while-----------------home.
a- were driving b-drove c-driving d-drive
20. She cut herself while-----------------------
a cook b-cooked c-was cooking d-cooking
21. What were you doing when I ------------you last night.
a phoned b-was phoning c-had phoned d-would phone
22. He-------------the guitar, when I saw him.
a play b played c was playing d had played.
23. They saw the accident while----------------home.
a were driving b drove c driving d drive
24. While she was cooking , her sister -------------homework.
a was doing b did c does d had done
25. No sooner ------------ graduated than he got a job.
a - had he b - has he c - he had d - does he
26. After Dickens had left school, he -------- to work in a factory.
a goes b had gone c went d was goin

26
Unit 3 The power of the mind
power painful
powerful digestion
mind importance
human brain gym


incredible
photographic memory

password warm
phone number chain
store analyse
past memories breathe
breathing cells
heart pain
hurt / temperature
experiment results
add patients
list normal
repeat human body
eyesight relax
surprised complex
immediately = at once messages
hide / hid / hidden free time
sound contain
ability voice ) (
method weigh
useless control
believe / receive /
impossible information
special senses
long distances send
strength = force successful

27
 bright taste (v./n.) /
sign touch (v./n.) /
promise smell (v./n.) /
brain damage sight ( n.) /

separate hearing (n.)

Idioms & Expressions

make sure pick up

good at(#bad at) do homework
terrible at keep fit
by the end of fall over /
on the list feel pain
for example have a terrible pain
useful for take . out /
different from taste the difference
key to at the same time
concentrate on compared with
pass the test reply to
hold out your hand agree about
feel ill look forward to + v. + ing
do well (#badly ) make a note of
short for ask for
Definitions
1- Class :
- A group of people who study together.
2- Incredible (adj) :
- Difficult or impossible to believe.
3- Password :
special word you need before you enter something or use a computer.
4- Photographic memory :
- Being able to remember something by looking at it.
5- Repeat : - Say again.
6- Analyse (v) :
- Examine or think about something carefully to understand it.

28
7- Breathe (v) :
- Take air into your lungs and let it out again.
8- Cell (n) :
- The smallest part of an animal or plant that can exist on its own.
10- Pain (n) :
- The feeling you have when part of your body hurts.
11- Powerful (adj) :
- Having a lot of physical power, strength or force.
12- Temperature (n) : - How hot or cold something is.

29

memory / / souvenir
He has a . for faces.
My visit to England is a fantastic ..
He bought some . from Khan El-khalili.

brain / mind /
Human . has 100.000.000 cells
Sound .in sound body.
I dont . helping you.

remind ..of / remember

He . me of his father.
He is good at . names.
.to send the letter. Dont forget

quite / / quiet / quit /

I'm . tired, but I'm happy to walk a little further.
They found a table in a . corner of the restaurant.
She . her job to spend more time with her family.

It takes ) took ( + + + to +
How long ( does did ) it take . to +.?
=I took 3 hours to arrive at the club ( It took )
=It took me 3 hours to arrive at the club.
1. I made the tea in 5 minutes. ( It took )
...

(A ) . is diferrent from (B)

(A ).. and (B) ..are diferrent .
There is a diferrence between (A ) . and (B)

2. Kamal is different from his father. ( are- difference)

..
..

can = am/is/are + able to +

= am/is/are + capable of +v. + ing :
= have(has ) the ability to..
3. Our teacher can solve any difficult problem. (able / capable - ability)
..
..
..
The Human brain !

30
 The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer. With it you can see
and smell flowers, remember holidays, feel pain, hear your favourite singers
voice and think. It weighs a kilo.
Your brain has about a hundred billion (100,000.000.000) cells (the smallest part of
an animal or plant that can exist on its own), and controls everything you do. It
receives information from your senses, analyses it, then sends messages. For
example, when you put your hand in hot water, you think, That hurts! and you
take your hand out of the water. Your brain receives the message, Very hot" from
your hand, then immediately sends a message back to your hand, "Take your hand
out of the water."
Our senses often work together. For example, try this experiment. Cut a piece of
apple, banana and orange. Close your eyes, hold your nose, then taste the fruit.
Can you taste the difference between the fruits? Probably not. This is because
when you eat something, your brain receives messages from your mouth, eyes
and nose.
Your brain also stores past memories and this makes learning and remembering
possible. At the same time, your brain controls your breathing, your heart, your
body temperature and your digestion.
When you hear a sound, your brain tries to guess where it is coming from. So, if
you hear a ringing sound and see a telephone, your brain may guess that the
telephone is ringing. But if someone picks up the phone and the ringing sound
continues, your brain will guess again. Maybe it's a mobile phone or a film on TV.
Scientists say that our brains always think that light comes downwards, perhaps
because sunlight comes down. Our brains first think that the telephone is ringing
because our eyes can see the telephone and we can hear the ringing.

Questions & answers:

1- What is more complex than the most powerful computer?
- The brain i more complex than the most powerful computer.
2- What can you do with your brain?
- We can see and smell flowers, remember holidays, feel pain
3- How much does your brain weigh?
- It weighs a kilo.
4- What does the brain do after it receives information from the senses?
- It analyses it, then sends messages to the rest of the body.
5- What five senses does the brain receive messages from?
- It receives messages from taste, smell, sight, hearing and touch.
6- How does the brain help us to learn and remember?
- It stores past memories.
7- What are the functions of the brain?
- It stores past memories.
- It sends messages to the rest of your body.
- It controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your digestion.
Language Functions

31
 What you say Response
Offering Agreeing:
help - Can I help you? - Yes, please. Thank you.
- Can I? - Yes, please. Id like..
- Would you like some? Refusing:
- - No, thank you. I can manage.
Thanking - Thanks a lot. / Thank you. - Not at all.
- Thank you for - Dont mention it.
- Thats kind of you. - Youre welcome.
Apologizing Accepting apology:
- Im sorry - Never mind.
- Im sorry for + v. + ing. - Dont worry.
- I apologize for + v. + ing. Not accepting apology:
........ - Oh, no! It was new.
- please, get me another one.
Seeking - What's your memory like? - It's quite good
information - What are you good at? - Im good at cooking.
- Are you good at English ? - Yes, I'm quite good
- No, I'm not.

Write what you would say in each of the following situations:

1- Your friend thanks you for your help.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- You accept your friend's apology for breaking your camera.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- Your friend asks you if you are any good at singing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- You ask your friend what he is good at.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- You offer to open the window for your friend.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- You friend offers to help you with your homework. You agree.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- You lost your friend's pen. You apologize.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
8- Your friend visits you in hospital and offers you some flowers.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9- You thank your friend who has done you a favour
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
10- You break your friend's camera.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11- Your friend asks you about your memory.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1-You feel pain if your leg ............... .

32
 a) kicks b) hurts c) annoys d) shoots
2-In winter, it............ very cold at night.
a) comes b) goes c) gets d) arrives
3- I can't sleep. The children are making a lot of ..............
a) sound b) voice c) noise d) talk
4- Plants can't grow without........ .
a) oil b) sunlight c) fire c) the moon
5-He was really .............. when his son failed the test.
a) happy b ) cheerful c) powerful d) disappointed
6-If you do things ............ no one will ever like you.
a) well b) properly c) correctly d) badly
7- You have to concentrate .......... your studies.
a) with b) on c) at d) by
8 -The .......... pumps blood around the body.
a) brain b) mind c) heart d) head
9- I have very nice ............... of my stay in Japan last year.
a) passwords b) voices c) memories d) senses
10-What's your memory ........ ? - Quite powerful.
a) as b) like c) such d) same
11-When you ......... 5 and 5, you get 10.
a) put b) add c) store d) control
12-How can we ............. ? - With our noses.
a) see b) taste c) smell d) eat
13- I have to tidy the room. The children turned everything the other
a) road b) street c) way d) square
14- Our school is big and includes 60 ............. .
a) bedrooms b)labs c) classrooms d) flats
15-A ........... is the smallest part of animals or plants.
a) bone b)head c) leave d)cell
16-My computer is quite ......... . It has 160 GB.
a) weak b) small c) powerful d) young
17-A clever doctor should ............. the results of tests on his patients.
a) answer b) annoy c) analyse d) anger
18-The boy felt some ........... in his leg when he fell off his bike.
a)hunger b)noise c)pain d) health
19-If anyone stops ....... for long, he'll die.
a) swimming b) walking c) breathing d) talking
20-The normal human body ................ is 37C.
a) heat b) temper c) temperature d) heating
21-The human brain ............ all senses.
a) plays b) controls c) examines d) checks
22-The human brain ................ about 1 kg.
a) weighs b) costs c)buys d) sells
23-Our senses receive .................. from the brain.
a) letters b) e-mails c)messages d) calls
24- Scientists .................. water and found that it contained hydrogen and oxygen.
a-melted b- analyzed c- resolved d- diagnosed

25-Taha Hussein lost his ............. when he was young.

a) touch b) eyesight c) hearing d) smell

33
 26 Those who have a.......memory can remember things by looking at them
a) weak b) long c) hard d) photographic
27- He can look at a list of names and .......... them in a minute later.
a) revise b) receive c) repeat d) retire
28- My little daughter is good ........... doing sums.
a) in b) at c) on b) with
29- I have a good memory ............ names.
a) of b) for c) with d) by
30- The human brain is ......... .
a) possible b) incredible c) probable d) uncomfortable
31- When you operate your computer, enter the ......... .
a) passport b) password c) crossword d) vocabulary
32- The weather is .......... good today.
a) quit b) quiet c) quite d) quietly
33-As it was so cold, my dad asked me to ......... the window.
a) open b) close c) guess d) break
34- I don't know who is phoning. Can you .............. ?
a) find b) guess c) reach d) remember

2-Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1. She can speak four languages. (able-capable)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The painter painted the flat in a week. (It took)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. I'd like very to travel abroad. (look forward)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Emily and her sister are different. (from)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. It is difficult to believe what he says. (incredible)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. I think he is intelligent. (opinion)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Omr said that he was sorry for coming late. (apologized )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Don't forget to post me the letter. (Remember)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- Read and complete using the correct words from the list below.
( analyse - breathe - cells - pain - powerful - temperature)
1. ...............are the smallest parts of animals and plants.
2. Doctors need to ............... the results of tests on their patients.
3. After I had fallen over, I had a terrible...............in my right leg.
4. Normal human body............... is usually 37 C.
5. If you want to relax, it helps if you ............... slowly.
5- Mini dilouges
1-Hamdy suggests going to the countryside this weekend.

34
 Hamdy: ------------------------------------------------------------------------?
Salim: that's a good idea.
2- Sahar feels great pains in her stomach.
Sahar: I have great pains in my stomach.
Mona: --------------------------------------------------------------------------.
3- Amer went to the school library yesterday.
Adel: Did you go to the school library yesterday?
Amer: --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adel: -------------------------------------------------------------------------?
Amer: I read a book about the French revolution.

6- Read and complete using the correct words from the list below.d
tonary Class - incredible password - photographic memory repeat - tomorrow
1. ......................being able to remember something by looking at it
2. ...................... say again
3. ...... .............. a group of people who study together
4. ..................... the day after today
5. ..................... difficult or impossible to believe
6...................... a special word you need before you use a computer

7-Find the mistake and correct it:

1. She has a photography memory .

2. The brain controls digestion , breathing and heartbeats
3. The brain weighs a kilo and has 100,000,000,000 atoms.
4. The humane brain is incredible.
.

8- A) Translate into Arabic:

1- Ibrahim thinks the human brain is incredible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3-Thank you for your kind invitation, which I accept with pleasure
------------------------------------------------------------------------

B) Translate into English:

.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
If

35
 If + If you heat water, it boils.

(
)
If + will + If you study, you will succeed

If he makes a mistake, call me.

If you studied, you would succeed

If + would +
If I were you, I would see a doctor.


If + would have+ p.p If you had studied, you would have
succeeded

If we had trained, we would have won.

1. If I ..a camera. I would take a photo of the family party.

a had b have c have had d would have
2. If you.. very fast. you'll catch your train.
a ran b running c runs d run
3. They'd visit him if they ........... time.
a) have b) had c) had had d) were having
4. I won't go out if it........tomorrow.
a) rains b) will rain c)rain d) rained
5. If you don't see a doctor, you ........... get better.
a) wouldn't b) didn't c) won't d) would
6. - If I had enough money, I....... buy the books I need.
a) had b) 'll c)'d d)will
7. If I were a bird, I......... fly everywhere.
a) will b)may c)can d) would
8. If I see Ramy, I . tell him your good news.
a) might b) could c) will d) would
9. If he had worked harder, he .................. the exam.
a) would pass b) will pass c) had passed d) might have passed
10. If you pass the test, I . bring you a present.
a) might b) could c) will d) would
11. He .. come to the party if you invited him.
a) may b) can c) will d) would

If

36
If + + ) ( If + + ) (
) ( .1

As long as If + +) (
Provided (that) / providing =( If ) +s + v,.. (dont doesnt didnt hadnt)
In case Unless + + ) (
On condition that ( v v+s v+ed had)

If he invited me , I would come. If he didnt invite me , I wouldnt come.

.. (In case) ( unless)
(v+ing / ( (v+ing / ( .2

In case of + v+ing Without + v+ing ,.

n. But for n.
In case of inviting me , I would come. Without inviting me, I wouldnt come.
his invitation his invitation
.3
Should / Were / Had If it werent for
2+1 2 3+2 If it hadnt been for

Should

Should + + will + If it werent for + v+ing , would +

would n.
Should he invite me , I would come. If it werent for inviting me,I wouldnt come.
his invitation

Were

Were + + to + If it hadnt been for + v+ing , would have+p.p.

Were + + / would + n.

Were he to invite me , I would come If I hadnt come ,we would have been sad
If I were rich, I would buy a car (If it)
( Were)
If she didnt water plants, they would die
Had
( unless)
Had + + would + ( without)
Had + + p.p would have+ p.p ( If it)

If I had money , I would help the poor. If we hadnt taken a taxi, we would have
( had) arrived late
( unless)
If we had trained well, we would have won ( without)
( had) ( If it)
[If ]

37

If + will +
(dont doesnt )+inf wont + inf

. perhaps / I think / may .1

1. )Perhaps it will rain tomorrow. If so, well stay at home. (If

..................
. .2

)2. Take this medicine and you will get better. (If
..................
: or .3
3. )Take this medicine or you will be ill. (If
..................
: if .4

.5

If + would +
(didnt )+inf wouldnt + inf

)4. He works hard so he gets money. (If

..................
.6

If + would have +p.p.

hadnt + p.p. wouldnt have + p.p.

)5. He worked hard so he got money. (If

..................

( ) . .7
because / as so .8

)6. She didnt go to the party so she didnt see her friends. (If
..................
7. He didnt catch the bus because he got up late. )(If
..................
8. They didn't train well so they lost the match. )(If
................................................................................................
9. He didn't go to school because he was ill. )(If

38
1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. If my watch been right, I wouldn't have been late.
a) has b) had c) hasn't d) hadn't
2. If we hadn't gone to Spain for holiday, we have met Jorge and his family.
a) wouldn't b) didn't c) haven't d) can't
3. If they .. more careful, they wouldn't have had that bad accident.
a) had been b) has been c) were d) are
4. I've just that I forgot my wallet at home.
a) realized b) relaxed c) known d) reached
5. his hard work, he wouldn't have succeeded.
a) With b) If c) Unless d) Without
6. If Ali.......... the alarm, he would have got up on time.
a) set b)sets c) has set d) had set
7. ............ he had taken a taxi, he wouldn't have been late for work.
a) If b) Unless c) Without d) Although
8. Samir ............ some tea if he feels sleepy.
a) drank b) drinks c) would drink d) would have drunk.
9. Manal can't buy a car ........... having money.
a) if b) unless c) without d)but
10. .......... Radwa got up early, she missed the school bus.
a) If b)Although c) Unless d) Without
11. If Raouf had come to the party, he ......... some old friends.
a) would meet b) meets c ) meet d) meets
12. Mum .......... all our needs if she had enough money.
a) can buy b) would buy c) will buy d) would have bought
13. Unless the athlete ......... fast, he wouldn't have won the race.
a) ran b)runs c) had run d) has run
14. The driver wouldn't have had an accident if he ........... careless.
a) weren't b) wasn't c) had been d) hadn't been
15. If I...... you were asleep, I wouldn't have turned up the TV.
a) knew b)know c) have known d) had known
16. If the students .......... their homework, their teacher wouldn't be angry.
a) do b) had done c) have done d)did
17. If I......... you, I wouldn't go to school late.
a) am b)were c) had been d) have been
18. Shakespeare wouldn't have gone to London if he ........... to be an actor.
a) hadn't wanted b) wanted c) didn't want d) doesn't want
19. If Nagy ......... earlier, he would meet some of his old friends.
a) comes b)came c) had come d) has come
20. ............. his financial help, I wouldn't have gone to university.
a) Unless b)|f c) Without d)But

39
1- 2- Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1. Perhaps Adel will phone us. If so, we will invite him. (If)
..
2. Perhaps she will have enough time. If so, she will visit us. (If)
..
3. Take an aspirin and your headache will get better. (If)
..
4. Hurry up or youll miss the train. (If)
..
5. He cant help you because he isnt a doctor. (If)
..
6. I dont write to him because I dont know his address. (If)
..
7. He doesnt practise well, so she doesnt play well. (If)
..
8. He cant buy the car because he isnt rich. (If )
..
9. If I don't have enough time, I won't go to the cinema. (Unless)
..
10. He can't defend you because he isn't a lawyer. (If)
..
11. Perhaps he will play well. If so, he will win. (If)
..
12. If he didn't study his lessons, he wouldn't pass the exams. (Unless)
..
13. They didnt win the match because they played badly. (If)
..
14. She lost her tennis match because she didnt have enough practice. (If)
..
15. He went to school. He learned to read and write well. (If)
..
16. I wanted to come to see you, but I didn't know your address. . (If )
..
17. I didn't have your mobile number, so I couldn't phone you.
..
18. He forgot to write the time of the meeting, so he arrived an hour late. (If)
..
19. The flat was very expensive, so they didn't buy it. (If )
..
20. You didn't do very well in the test because you didn't do enough revision.(If)
..
21. She went to bed very late: That's why she was tired in the morning. .(If)
..
22. They played badly so they didnt win. ( If)
..
23. His family had financial problems so he left school. (If)
..

40
pros =advantages Recent = modern
cons =disadvantages recently -
)urban (city experiences -
)rural (village =carry out =do
massive # . census -
)far from (furthest Percent %
)near to (nearest Percentage of..
questionnaire Ratio . :.. ) ...)....
outskirts ( ) .population
suburbs ( government
city centre governorate
down town enough for
)shock (v.n / find out
feeling solve
surprised = solution
)plan (v .n. / researchers
area : region increase to
graph across x along /
check - across Egypt = .
move from to around = about -
income available
useful - facilities
rush mobilization
idioms statistics
grow - = complete
opinion form
education member ( )
lead a life organ ( )
method nation
comfortable national -
accurately international
ask for nationality
noisy x quiet x religion
quietness breadwinner
friendly )Provide..(with...
improve Provide.for .........
count - Agriculture =..
current events health
gas reply to
official =. go up -
process central agency
electricity benefit from -
vote - get worse x
peaceful concerned

41
 Prepositions
changed jobs Its ) for ....( to
)be( in a hurry Its necessary for people to complete the form.
rush about all the time how much traffic - land
a nearby village have a population of.
There are pros and cons to. have an area of.
The pros are have a class vote.

Definitions

massive very big : huge

outskirts parts of a town that are furthest from the city centre.
shock the feeling you have when you feel very surprised
terrible very bad : horrible
urban - related to a town or a city
rural of the country
national related to a whole nation
plan (v.) decide on and arrange in advance .
questionnaire a written set of questions to collect information
researchers people who are doing researches
solve to find or provide a way of dealing with a problem
CAPMAS the Central Agency for Population mobilization and Statics

Idioms
has pros and cons has good and bad things
feel like a fish out of feel unhappy and lost
water
feel at home feel comfortable
take to something enjoy something new

- Rural life has its pros and cons.

When I travel abroad, I feel like a fish out of water.
I feel at home at my friends house.
I cant stop reading before I sleep. Ive really taken to it.

Asking for opinion:

- What is your opinion about? What do you
think of \ about..?
Giving opinions
- In my opinion, /
think
- I don think/Im sure ./As far as Im
concerned,.

42
 Agreeing and disagreeing opinions
- I agree
I disagree
- Agreeing Thats true. Disagreeing Thats not
true.
- I think so.
Im not so sure about that.
The national census
In 1800, two percent of the world's population lived in cities. Today, it is over 50
percent and by 2030, it may increase to 60 percent. Across the world, about 180,000 people
move to cities every day. It is not easy for governments to know the country's population or
how many people are living in each part of large cities. For that reason, many countries carry
out a census to get correct information. This is a questionnaire in which all the people of a
country are asked questions about their lives.
The ancient Egyptians started doing a census in around 2500 BCE, to find out how many
workers were available to build the Pyramids and how much land farmers could use along the
Nile. In Egypt today, the Central Agency for Population Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS) do
a national census every ten years. The first modern census was in 1882 and there have been
13 more since then.
Thousands of researchers visit people's houses across Egypt and ask people to complete a
form. The form asks for information about members of the family in the house, their
nationality, religion, education, work and health. It also asks for information about the house: the
number of rooms, if it has electricity or gas, where the water comes from, etc.
It is very important for people to complete these forms so that the government knows
how comfortably people are living and can help to solve any problems. The information from
the census helps the government to plan how many hospitals and roads they will need to build
and where to build them. It also helps them to improve schools or build new schools if needed.
This will help us all to lead better and healthier lives in the future.
1- Reading Questions
1-What is a census?
a process for counting a country's population .
2 Why did the ancient Egyptians do a national census?
to find out how many workers were available to build the pyramids.
3 - How often does Egypt do a census today?
Every ten years.
4 - Why is it important for people to complete the forms in the national census?
to enable the government to solve any problem.
5 - What are the advantages of living in a rural area?
life is easy, comfortable and healthy.

2- Find and correct the factual mistakes in these sentences.

1. Today, over 60 percent of people live in cities.
2. The first Egyptian census was in 2005.
3. CAPMUS des a national census every two years.
4. It is not important if people do not complete the forms in the census.
5. The farmer uses the information from the census to help us all.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

43
 outskirts massive shock taken to terrible urban
1. In this story, it was a real . to hear that the king had died.
2. She didn't like the film because the story was ....
3. Some people like living in areas, although they can be polluted.
4. My younger sister has really .to her new school. She really likes it.
5. You can often find big shops in the of ... the city.
6. The A360 is a aeroplane
1 Finish the following dialogue:

Mohsin and Hassan are talking about their memories.

Mohsin : What's your memory like7
Hassan : 1).... .
Mohsin : 2).... ?
Hassan : Yes, I can remember numbers easily.
Mohsin : Can you remember people's names easily?
Hassan :3).... .
Mohsin :4).... ?
Hassan : No, I'm terrible at maths!

2 Write what you would say:

1. Your friend asks you about your opinion on Abu Trekka.
2. You ask your friend about his opinion on Arabic films.
3. His opinion is to live in the country but you disagree.
4. Your mother tells you an interesting story. Express your opinion.
5. Your little brother says that he is very tired. Advise him.

3 Choose the correct answer:

1- This statue is not very small, it is ---------------------------
a - massive b passive c - small d tiny
2 I need a house that is furthest from the city centre, I need it in the -----------
a - skirt b - downtown c - abroad d outskirts
3 He has a --------------------- when he heard about his son's death.
a - shock b hock c mock d shocked
4 He likes living in the countryside, he prefers------------------ life.
a - urban b - rural c - city d desert
5 Urban life has its pros and cons this means -------------------things
a good and good b good and bad c bad and bad d old and new
6 I felt like a fish out of water, I was ---------------------
a .unhappy and lost b . happy and lost c .lost and happy d .happy and sad
7 When I feel at --------------------- I am comfortable.
a school b - home c - bathroom d tomb
8 I have enjoyed this house, I have really taken --------------it.
a to b - from c - by d away
9 Two percent of the world's----------------- live in cities.
a pollution b - males c females d population
10 Our salary may increase -------------------- 60 percent.
a to b - down c - too d in
11 It is not easy for the government---------------the accurate population.
a know b - knowing c to know d knew
12 Many countries carry out a------------------ to get correct information.
a - quiz b - test c - exam d census

44
13 A census is a --------------- in which people are asked questions.
a - questionnaire b - poem c competition d league
14 The ancient Egyptians started-------------- a census in 2500BCE.
a did b doing c does d - do
15 The ancient did a census to find out how many workers were ------
a - valuable b available c - invalid d - disabled
16 Egypt does a --------------------- census every ten years.
a international b local c national d global
17- Mr Hesham does ---------------- to know how many students are smart.
a) sum b) census c) quiz d) compete
18 The letter " M" in (CAPMAS) is short for ----------------------
a mobile b - mobilization c - modern d model
19 Researchers ask people to -------------- in a form.
a complete c fill c - common d confirm
20 They ask them about the -------------------- of their family.
a organs b jury c - judge c members
21 How ------------------- do you live?
a comfortable c comfort c comforting d comfortably
22 The government tries to ----------------------- education.
a - prove b - improve c - pride d proud
23 - They need to lead better life, lead means --------------------
a drive b buy c - die d have
24 In this story it was a real --------------- to hear that the king had died.
a show b - shadow c shock d shave
25 My sister has really -------------- to her new school, she really likes it.
a - taken b - eaten c leaked d polluted
26 She didn't like the film because the story was--------------------
a funny b horrible c happy d enjoyable
28 The opposite of pros is -----------------------------------
a cons b coins c - comes d co
29 - The ----------------------------- of girls to boys is 3:1.
a - percent b - percentage c - ratio d radio
30-All my relatives live in.. where they can enjoy nature and quietness.
a) city b) town c) Cairo d) the countryside
31-Life in the city has its ------------------ and cons.
a) pros b) boss c) prose d) rose
32- I prefer ----------------- to rural life..
a) village b) farm c) urban d) Arab
33- Why does the government ---------------- a regular census ?.
a) do b) make c) take d) give

4 Find the mistakes and correct them:

1 Today, over 50 ratio of people live in cities.
2 CAPMUS do a local census every ten years.
3 The farmers use the information from the census to help us all.
4 Cross the world, about 180,000 move to cities every day.
5 A census is a kind of a quiz.
6 This make of mobile is unavailable, we can buy it.
7 How many land can use farmers along the Nile?
8 The UNESCO do a national census every ten years.
9 Thousands of searchers visit people's houses across Egypt.

45
 10 They tried to sell the problem with great difficulty.
11 An massive statue was built 200 years ago.
12 The parts of a town that are nearest from the centre are outskirts.
13 Good and bad things are the same as prose and cons.
14 Cairo, Sharkia and Gharbeya are governments.
15 What percentage of people live in urban era?.

5- Translation
A) Translate into Arabic:
1 Egypt carries out a census every ten years.
..

2 There are pros and cons of living in rural areas.

..
A) Translate into English:

..

6- Write about the advantages and disadvantages to living in a city.

Living in the city has pros and cons. On the one hand, As for work, There are many
jobs in the city and you can find a job easily. Moreover, you can enjoy your free time
and have fun in the city. There are a lot of means of entertainment such as cafes,
malls,.etc. Children can enjoy themselves in the funfairs and zoos. As for transport.
There are different means of transport. There are many buses, trains and some cities have
underground trains.
On the other hand, the urban life has a lot of cons. The city is very noisy and you
cant enjoy peaceful life. Everybody in the city is in a hurry and life is stressful.
The traffic is so heavy and slow and it may take hours to get to your work.
Pollution is a big problem in the city.

.*
1- We all agree that is one of the most important things in our life and has a vital role
nowadays.
. .................
2- We should put into consideration that has /have become one of the most
important things in every ones life.
. ................
3- is the backbone of any nation and no one can deny that...plays an essential role in
our life.
......... ...........
5-We all agree that..is very necessary and plays an important in our life.
. .............
6-No wonder if we say that..has /have its good and positive effects on us.
. .............
7-With the help of.we can lead a comfortable and happy life.
. ..............

1- First of all, I think that we should unite, co-operate and stand as one hand so as to find
quick solutions to this serious problem for the sake of our country.

46
 . ,
2-In my point of view, I believe that..is really serious and harmful nowadays
and may have bad and negative effects on all of us.
. .........
3- There is no doubt that is one of the most dangerous problems in our life
and has its bad and negative effects nowadays.
. ..............
4-We should make a good use of the advantages and avoid the disadvantages
of..for the sake of the happiness, welfare and the prosperity of people.
..........

47

I have finished my homework yet. + have -has + p.p.. Form
Ramy has broken the plates.
My homework has been finished. + have has + been + p.p. Passive
The plates.
I havent finished my homework yet. + havent - hasnt + p.p. Negative
Ramy..
Have you finished your homework yet? Have / Has + + p.p...? Yes,No, question
Yes, I have & No, I havent ).... (
What have you finished? + have - has + + Wh, question
What ..? p.p.? (
)
just / already / ever /never Key Words
since / for / Lately / recently / so far / yet

Have been to

Have gone to

have / has been to ........... /

My father has been to Cairo . He returned(came back) yesterday.

have / has gone to ...........

Hassan has gone to England .He is in England now.

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- Reham .......... London recently.
a) visits b) has visited c) is visiting d) visit
2- - She ............ his school since he was young.
a) has left b)left c) is leaving d) will leave
3- The writer ......... his book yet.
a) has finished b) didn't finish c) isn't finished d) hasn't finished
4- have known him ........ we joined the university.
a) at b) since c) ago d)now
5- Noha ............. cleaned her room. It looks nice now.
a) has b)is c) have d)was
2- Rewrite
6 -My father went to Tanta, He is still there. ( gone)

7- They went to the USA. They are in Cairo now. ( been)

48
 .

just / )(
S + has / have + just + p.p
Kamal has just left the shop.
already )(
S + has / have + already + p.p

I have already studied. / Have you already studied?

ever ) ( / /
Have / Has + subject + ever + p.p ?

Have you ever been to the zoo?

This is the tallest boy I have ever seen .
never ) ( ever
S + has / have + never + p.p

No ,..
I have never seen such a tall boy.
Lately /
Barakat hasnt scored goals lately
recently /
Barakat has scored goals recently.
yet / /
S + hasn't / haven't + p.p yet .
Have / Has + s + p.p yet ?
Have you finished yet?
No ,I havent finished yet.

Since / for

Since + For +
since 1999 + years
since October + months
since Monday + years
oclock since 7 oclock + hours
since the morning + weeks
then Weeks/ years/a week
last ( week..) The last week.
since I saw you. a long time - ages
1. Have you met the manager ..................?
a) just b) yet c) never d) since
2. The writer ......... his book yet.
a) has finished b) didn't finish c) isn't finished d) hasn't finished
3. Noha has ............. cleaned her room. It looks nice now.
a) already b)yet c) never d)ever
4. He ........... come back home.

49
 a) just has b) already has c) has just d) never

for + + ago
+ have + v3 (p.p.) since + + v2 +ed in+
has since+ when +

) ( ) (

last / the last time +

+ havent / hasnt + v3 (p.p.) + last + ( v2+ed)
Its + + since + The last time ++ (v2+ed)
was.

I havent seen Ali for 3 weeks. I last saw Ali 3 weeks ago.
Its 3 weeks since I (last) saw Ali. The last time I saw Ali was 3 weeks ago.

started began
+ have/ has + v3 (p.p. ) + started (v+ing to+inf)

I have worked in Cairo since 2010 I started working in Cairo in 2010.

He stared to play tennis when he was young

just
+ have/ has +just + v3 (p.p. ) + ( v2 +ed) ..a short time ago.

The train has just arrived . The train arrived a short time ago.
The match finished a moment a go.

yet finished still

+ havent/ hasnt +finished +v-ing.yet. + am is are + still + v-ing

Hoda hasnt finished studying yet. Hoda is still studying.

Kamal is still reading the book.

I have never + p.p. such (a-an) + This is the (-est) -+ I have ever + p.p
( the most + )
I have never seen such a tall boy. This is the tallest boy I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful girl I have ever met

before never. ever ever This is the first time

I have never + p.p before. This is the first time I have ever + p.p.

I have never visited Egypt before. This is the first time I have ever visited Egypt.
This is the first time I have ever seen a lion.

50
1-Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1. I've written to my pen friend for 3 years. (since)

2. She went shopping a moment ago. (has)

3. 1 have studied English since 2000. (for)

4. Nabil started playing computer games at 2 pm. It's 5 pm now. (for)

5. I last saw him when we were in Alex. (since)

6. The bus left a moment ago. (just)

7. He has been in prison for the last year. (since)

8. I haven't seen Tom for two years. (It's..)

9. It's years since I took any photographs. (for)

10. He has never driven a car before. (It's the first time.)

11. He began looking for a job six moths ago . (for)

12. I haven't seen her since 2004. (I last)

13. It has been raining for three hours now. (ago)

14. He hasn't written to me for three months. (The last time.)

15. My uncle works in Brazil. He started working there three years ago. (for)

16. This is the first time I've ever traveled by air. (never)

17. I haven't eaten fish since I was in Alexandria. (since)

2- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1-We .......... in Cairo since 1970.
a) living b) lived c) have lived d) are living
2-The manager has met many people since he ............. at his office.
a) has arrived b) arrived c) is arriving d) will arrive
3-He ........... come back home.
a) just has b) already has c) has just d) never
4-I've ......... been to Europe. I wish I could.
a) just b) never c) already d)yet
5- Dalia has practised her hobby ........ a long time.
a) since b)for c) recently d)ago
6- Reham .......... London recently.
a) visits b) has visited c) is visiting d) visit
7- They ........... to the USA. They are in Cairo now.
a) has been b) have gone c) have been d) going

51
 Robert Louis Stevenson " The gardener
prose feed
verse - dig
poem serious
poet wish
poetry quotation
candle plot
treasure debt
play request
soil seem
tools row
play games queue
do a favour describe
children key
childhood wheel
bare pinch -
gravel toes
factual keep
silly - path
lock line /
sensible - prove
situation proof /
current hop
currant jump
pleased - heart
pleasure - hurt
pleasant / king
swing queen
rhythm ( ) barrow ()
rhyme borrow
gardener seat
popular with )help (with/ to..
rainy profit / /
sunny profitable
promise hay

decide Formal #in-
decision burn -
war gold
peace silver
reply wise
polite go up -
benefit go away=..
hide lay down
repeat put away ....
produce stay warm
production have a headache
refuse have a fight

52
 Definitions
candle something that we burn to get (produce) light
hop - to move by jumping on one foot
pleasant something that is enjoyable, nice or good
verse lines that form one part of a poem
rhythm - a repeated sound in music , poems, etc.
swing a moving seat that children play on
treasure gold, silver, money, etc. that someone has hidden
bare not covered by anything
dig move something in or under soil using a tool.
hay / dried grass that people use to feed animals
lock close something using a key
plot small pieces of land for growing things on
Profit get something good or useful from a situation
currant row ) ( a line of plants that have small fruits
barrow something with one wheel to carry things
pinching toes toes that hurt because of the cold

Indian wars a children's game

keep the gravel walk stay on the path through the garden

1. Complete these sentences with words

candle pleasant rhythm swing treasure verse

1. There was no electricity in the house, so we had to use a .

2. They found an old ship under the water which they think is full of ...
3. I don't like this music. It doesn't have any ..
4. I love riding a .... in the park.
5. For homework, we have to write the first of a poem.
6. It was very ..sitting in the park at the end of a hot day

2. Complete the sentences using these words.

bare digging hay lock plot profit silly

1. Children love .. in the sand on the beach

2. In winter, farmers sometimes give their sheep.. to eat.
3. Don't forget to .. the door when you leave the house.
4. The hotels in this city hope to from the new airport.
5. Children can sometimes be ... when they play together.
6. The mother told her children not to go outside with ... feet.

53
7. My grandfather usually has lots of carrots from his vegetable.

54
 Making polite requests

- Can you..? - Could you do me a favour?

- Could you possibly..? - I wonder if you could
- I don't suppose you could..? - Do you think you could?

Responding to requests

- Certainly. - Yes, what is it? - No Problem.

- That is not a problem - Yes, of Course. No, I am afraid I can't.

-: ( No, not at all ) -

- Would you mind + v.ing ? - Do you mind + v.ing?

- Would you mind if I . ..?

No, not at all. - Yes, I would.

Write what you would say in each of the following situations.
1- You ask your friend to lend you his camera.
2- You want to know the price of a kilo of apples.
3- Your friend asks you if he could use you mobile. You agree.
4- Your friend wants to borrow your bike but you need it.
5- You have left one of your schoolbooks at the office of teacher. Ask this teacher if
he/she could bring it to school for you tomorrow.
6- You would like to use a friend's phone to make an important call.
7- You've forgotten what you need to do for homework tonight. Ask your friend.
8- Your grandmother needs help carrying some bags into your flat.

Reading Questions
1 What is the title of the poem?
It is called "The Gardener".
2 Why doesn't the gardener want to do much in the winter?
because of the pinching toes.
4 Which words rhyme in the poem?
The words dig and big, talk and walk.
5 How many verses does the poem have
It has five verses.
6 - What do the first two lines of the poem tell us about the gardener?
He doesn't like to talk and keeps the walk.
7 When does the gardener put his tools away?
After finishing his tasks.
8 Why does the writer call the gardener silly?
Because he doesn't play with the speaker and makes him work.
9 Why is the garden bare and brown?
because the summer goes and winter comes

55
1- Finish the following dialogue.
Hany is phoning Ezzat. His brother Kamal answers.
Hany : Could I speak with Ezzat?
Kama l: ------------------(1)--------------------------.
Hany : Could you tell me when he will be back?
Kamal : -------------------(2)-------------------------.
Hany : ----------------------(3)------------------------?
Kamal : Sure. You can leave a message. --------------(4)--------------------?
Hany : Tell him I need his camera to take some photos.

2 Choose the correct answer:

1 The window isn't covered by anything, it is---------------------
a - bare b well closed c - locked d closed
2 Small pieces of land used for growing things are --------------
a - plots b - lakes c - ponds d fountains
3 Farmers use ------------- to feed animals.
a - milk b hay c pizza d manure
4 To ------- means to move something in or under soil using a tool.
a dig b - sing c swim d scratch
5 He -------------------- the door with a key.
a - closed b locked c slang d sting
6 Something that is not clever or sensible ----------------
a - silly b really c windy d sandy
7 If you -----------, you get good or useful from a situation.
a - forget b - found c - benefit d prove
8 It is ------------------------, it is enjoyable and nice.
a - boring b bad c - horrible d pleasant
9 Gold, silver and money hidden in a place---------------------
a - pleasure b - treasure c - pressure d measure
10 The light was off, he used a ----------- to see.
a - candle b - bulb c glasses d torches
11 The lines that form one part of a poem are -----------------
a verses b coins c - mobs d titles
12 - ------------ the repeated sound in music or poems.
a - verse b rhythm c - poets d prose
13 A moving seat that children play on is -----------------
a wing b - bring c swing d fling
14 There was no electricity in the house, so we had to use--------
a candles b pandas c sandals d wires
15 They found an old ship under the water which they think is full of-----
a boats b treasures c pilots d cells
16 I don't like this music, it doesn't have any---------------------
a tools b instrument c rhythm d verses
17 I enjoy riding a ------------------- in the park.
a - swing b - car c - elephant d - ship
18 For homework, we have to write the first ------------ of the poem.
a - poets b poetry c verse d chapter
19 It was very ----------- sitting in the park at the end of a hot day.
a boring b pleasant c ugly d silly

56
 20 Children love------------------- in the sand on the beach.
a rigging b wigging c wicking d digging
21 In winter, farmers sometimes give their sheep------ to eat.
a fig b hay c meat d milk
22 Don't forget to ------------ the door when you leave the house.
a lock b log c look d open
23 The hotels in this city hope to ----------- from the new airport.
a benefit b lose c lie d breeze
24 Their mother told them not to go out with------------- feet.
a clean b bare c healthy d long
25 My grandfather always has lots of carrots from his vegetable------
a blog b flock c jog d plot
26 Can you ----------------- me a favour?
a make b did c does d do
27 My ------------------- team is Zamalek.
a favour b favoured c favourite favourable
28 The teacher made the pupils---------------------- homework again.
a - do b to do c does d did
29 People were waiting in a ------------- to book their tickets.
a clue b row c blow d queue
30 Could you ---------------- help me?
a possibly b possible c improbable d improbably

3 Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences:

1- He writes poems, he is a great playwright.
2 Light and night have the same verse.
3 She loves riding in the sand on the beach.
4 Remember to shut the door with the key.
5 Many animals eat hey in the winter.
6 I don't suppose you could help me doing the shopping.
7 The poem consists of five rhymes.
8 Currant row a line of plants that have big fruits.
9 "Indian wars" is a children's toy.
10 Pinching toes are toes that hurt because of the heat.
12 We can benefit to the New Suez Canal.
13 It is boring sitting on the beach at sunset.
14 A moving seat for children to play on is a sewing.
15 Something we burn for light is a bulb.

4 -A) Translate into Arabic:

1- Stevenson was a talented poet.

2- Poetry enriches our cultural background.

3 We should cooperate with Nile basin countries to solve water problem.

B) Translate into English:

-1

-2

57
 Verbs
: ) to + . ( .1

agree to learn to refuse to afford to

decide to offer to want to pretend to
expect to plan to hope to would love to
manage to wish to
arrange to would like to

enable to promise to used to would prefer
1. He didnt come to the party. (refused)
.................................................................
2. He said to me can I help you? ( offered)
.................................................................
Gerund/ : ing .2

go practise dislike avoid

enjoy Imagine/ fancy suggest deny
mind Keep (on) finish admit -
3. He said lets play football (suggest)
.................................................................
4. He said I didnt steal the money. (deny)
.................................................................
:( to + ( (ing ( .3

begin like prefer hate

start love continue Intend

5. I like to swim
6. I like swimming.
:( to + ( (ing (( .4
Forget + (v+ing) )- - ( Forget + (to + inf)
I forgot visiting my uncle. I forgot to visit my uncle.
I visited him but I forgot when. I didnt visit
remember + (v+ing) / remember + (to + inf) /
I remember visiting my uncle. I remembered to visit my uncle.
I visited him and I remember that later. I remembered then I visited
Regret + (v+ing) Regret + to + inf) ) . (
I regret smoking.=I'm sorry I smoked. I regret to inform you that you'll fail.
Try + (v+ing) Try + (to + inf) ) (
Try taking that medicine. I tried to stop him but he escaped .
stop + (v+ing) / stop ( to + inf)
He stopped drinking tea. He no longer drinks tea He stopped to drink tea.
to : ing .5

feel like object to

(have )difficulty in (be) used to /accustomed to
(be)busy/ worth / thanks to

58
 It's no use / good look forward to
I can't stand/ help / in addition to
1-Choose the correct answer from a,b,c,d :
1- They suggested . Their aunt the week after .
a- to visit b- to visiting c- visiting d- visit
2-she agreed .. her sister with the housework .
a- to help b- help c- helping d- to helping
3-I enjoy . Football matches in the stadium.
a- to watch b- to watching c- watching d- watch
5-He denied . The window glass.
a- break b- to break c- breaking d- to breaking
6-I regretted .. her . I wish I had done that .
a- help b- helps c- helping d- not helping
7-When the telephone rang , he stopped .. in order to answer it.
a- to eat b- eat c- eating d- eaten
8--I'd like a cool drink .
a- to have b- to having c- having d- have
9-She objected . all the work alone .
a- to do b- to doing c- doing d- do
10-I've just finished the letter .
a- to write b- to writing c- writing d- write
11-She decided a present for him on his birthday .
a- to buy b- to buying c- buying d- buy

2- 2-Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1. He felt sorry he left his job . ( regretted )
..
2. He said, "I am happy to work with you. (mind)
..
3. My mother said that she will get me a present. (promised)
..
4. They said it might be a good idea to telephone him. (suggested)
..
5. Nadia said she wouldnt lend me her camera. (refused)
..
6. He said he would lend me his camera. (agreed)
..
7. I like very much to visit London. (look forward)
..
8. Nadia says she's happy to stay with the children. (doesn't mind)
..
9. I've done my homework. (I've finished)
..
10. Could you turn the radio down, please? (Would you mind.)
..
11. Can I borrow your story book, please? (mind)
..
12. She said that she hadnt stolen the bicycle. (denied)
..
13. Mona said ,let's go to the library. (suggested)
..
14. Ali is sorry for starting smoking. (regret)
..

59
 15. I've studied my lesson . ) ( finished
..

electric cars design -

Electrical ( ) engine /
electricricity store
control fuel
inflate / vehicles
airbag empty
route recharge
road recycle
traffic jam vegetable oil
inspector navigation
expect system
depend on water power
donation wave power
donate problem with
fact solar power
plan wind power
intention / windmill
quick decision type of
evidence blame
attention )Work on (problem
direct air pollution
direction environment
lung scientist
explain / produce
exhaust fumes ordinary
damage special ( )
rush hour general ( )
take over private ( )
amount puplic ()
own : possess believe /
natural gas tension
price / affect
for or against effect
efficient industry
efficiently increase /
engineer make energy out of
obey replace with ..
protect replacement
protection hunger
harmful hungry
run out malnourishment
run on malnourished
citizen harvest
pure air expert
dense official

60
fill with for dinner
drought have a baby
Definitions
navigation directing a ship, aircraft, from one place to another
inspector an official who makes sure that regulations are obeyed
traffic jam vehicles which are not moving or moving slowly
environment The place where we live and exist.
battery the thing stores electricity for a car, radio, etc
pollution damage caused to water, air, by harmful substances
lungs parts of our body that fill with air when we breathe
fumes a gas or smoke that is dangerous to breathe in
exhaust pollution from a car
design plan and draw something new, like a house or engine
recharge put more electricity into a battery

affect effect

. + affect (s- ed) + . + well \ badly.

. + have(has had ) + a good \ bad effect on +

1- Smoking affects health badly. (effect)

Pollution affects the environment badly. (effect)

2-This medicine has no side.
blame (for on)

blame for
blame on ..

3-They blamed the driver for the accident . ( on)

4-We are to blame ..the problem of street children.

result in / result from

Result in = leadt to = cause

Result from

5- Smoking results in lung damage. (result from )

Electric / electreical / electrician / electricity

electric (car machine current- shock) ) (
electreical (fault engineer) ) (

61
 electrician
electricity
Cars without oil
The problems of cars exhaust gases
Air pollution is a big problem for people and the
environment. If you sit in traffic jam in Cairo, your
lungs will fill with the exhaust fumes from cars, buses
and Lorries. Air which is polluted by exhaust fumes
can damage your health as well as the environment.
Better engines and natural gas
Scientists are working on the problem of exhaust
pollution. Now, all cars burn petrol more efficiently
than in the past. Scientists have also designed engines
which use natural gas, and many buses in Cairo and
other cities use these engines.
Electric cars
Engineers also designed electric cars that use
batteries. The batteries in early electric cars could
not store as much fuel as petrol vehicles. This meant
that they could not travel as far or as fast as petrol
cars.
Now, however, engineers have designed cars
which use both electricity and petrol. When the
battery is empty the petrol engine takes over, and
when the car uses petrol, this recharges the battery.
These cars can go further, using the same amount of
petrol as ordinary cars.
The newest ideas
Scientists have also discovered that cars can run
on vegetable oil, which mean, that farmers will be
able to grow fuel in their fields. And now engineers
are working on a new type of car battery which
makes energy out of hydrogen and oxygen. Experts
believe that we may be able to buy cars using these
batteries in the next ten years.
The end of oil

62
 We know that at some time in the future, there
will be no oil in the world, so we need to find
replacement for petrol as soon as possible.
Questions & Answers
1- Why is air pollution a big problem ?
Because it can damage peoples health as well as the environment.

2- What is the disadvantage of batteries in early electric cars ?

They couldnt store as much fuel as petrol vehicles.

3- What are the advantages of petrol electric cars ?

When the battery is over, the petrol engine takes over.

4- What are the causes of air pollution?

Exhaust fumes coming from cars and buses.
5- How are engines in todays cars better than in the past ?
They burn petrol more efficiently.
1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1-

1) A car satellite navigation system tells the speaker the quickest----------

a) underground b) passage c) route d) room
2) The school........... visited our classes last week.
a) conductor b) educator c) inspector d) instructor
3) The speaker thinks it is going to rain because the sky is really..
a) sunny b) dark c) fine d) mild
4) I got stuck in a traffic .......... for 45 minutes on the way to work today.
a) jar b)jam c) jaw d) jail
5) Air which is polluted by exhaust can ........... your health.
a) damage b) denounce c)deny d) deposit
6) Now, all cars .......... petrol more efficiently than in the past.
a) burn b)move c) exploit d)form
7) Air which is polluted by exhaust can damage your health .................... the environment.
a) as well b) also c) or d) as well as
8) Engineers are now working .......... a new type of car battery.
a)out b) up to c)on d) against
9) There are people who are for and others who are ............ electric cars.
a) about b) against c) of d) at
10) My sister is going to have a baby. This is ............ news .
a) fantastic b) disappointing c) sad d) bad
11) All the family is excited..... the news of my sister having a new baby.
a) on b) of c) at d) about
12) My uncle and his wife are coming this evening. They'll.......... for dinner.
a) sit b) stay c) remain d) order
13) If you sit in a traffic jam in Cairo; your lungs will fill with the ......... from cars.
a) dirt b) rubbish c) exhaust d) light
14) A .......... stores electricity for a car, radio or watch.
a) balloon b) bag c) briefcase d) battery

63
15) A/An ...................................... protects a car driver in an accident.
a)airbag b)air pollution c)airport d)air raid
16) .................. cars will cause no pollution.
a) Electrical b) Electricity c) Electric d) Electrician
17) These days , cars can use ........ made from vegetables.
a) drink b) food c) juice d) oil
18) Cars, buses and lorries cause air ............. .
a) delusion b) raids c) pollution d) illusion
19) A/An ........... protects us from the rain in the street.
a) caller b) sky c) umbrella d) ceiling
20) ............ is a gas in the air that we need to live.
a) Hydrogen b) Oxygen c) Carbon dioxide d) Methane
21) ............ are parts of our body that fill with air when we breathe.
a) Test b) Kidneys c) Lungs d) Fingers
22) Scientists have ............. engines which use natural gas.
a) drawn b) painted c) designed d) discovered
23) Many buses in Cairo and other cities use ....... gas.
a)general b)genuine c) natural d) artificial
24) In an electric car, when the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes ............
a) after b)over c)part d) action
25) Scientists have also discovered that cars can run .......... vegetable oil.
a) across b)on c)away d)after
26) Some time in the future, there will be no oil, so we need to find a/an ........ for petrol.
a) engagement b) replacement c)enjoyment d) entertainment
27) Pollution ........ the environment badly.
a) predicts b) affects c) blames d) protects
28) We don't know who is to blame .......... pollution.
a) for b)on c)at d)out
29) Although we need industry, it leads ............... pollution.
a) from b)at c)of d)to
30) To ............ the environment, people should only drive their cars on four days a week.
a) make b) damage c) protect d)keep
31) The problem of pollution is ........... worse every year.
a) going b) getting c) coming d) being

2- Find the mistakes and correct them:

1) Population is a big problem for people and the environment.

2) If you set in a traffic jam, you will suffer a lot.
3) We can breathe through our hands.
4) Exhaust fumes can break your health and the environment.
5) Cars can burn petrol more efficient than in the past.
6) The battery is empty I need to charge it.
7) Some cars can run into vegetable oil.
8) We must find a placement for petrol.
9) Cars, buses and lorries produce pollution air.
10) An engineer is someone with special skills or knowledge of a subject.
11) Our hearts are parts of our body that fill with air when we breathe.

64
 12) We need petrol in order to breathe and live.
13) A gas is what stores electricity for a car, radio, watch, etc.

Translation
A) Translate into Arabic:
In fact, pollution is considered man's enemy. Many of our serious diseases are due
to the different kinds of pollution. The government all over the world should co-operate
to put an end to this serious problem.
.

..
B) B) Translate into English:
. .1

. - .2

Future tenses

Tomorrow /tonight / next / in the future / soon / in 2030

will + am- is - are + going to + am- is are + v+ing
wont + am- is- are + not +going to am- is are + not + v+ing
We will play football we are going to play football We are playing football
tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow.

)( )( ) (
- -
- - Look out Watch out- Be careful -
) ( ) (

think / expect intend to - intention arranged before
believe / suppose decided to - decision arrangements
hope / wonder plan to prepared
perhaps / probably / sure think +
Samy : Mr Adel is in hospital.
Omar : Oh really? I didnt know. I him.
Hoda : I know. I him.
Kamal : I know and I already phoned the hospital. . I ......... him.

1- will +
1- I'll be 18 next year. ( future facts )
2 I'll answer the phone. ( quick decision )
3- I'll clean the car for you. (making offer)

65
 4- Will you close the door .please? ( making request)
5- I'll see you this evening ( making an arrangement )
6 I will buy you a car when you succeed. = I promise to buy..
7- Be quiet or I will tell your father. = I threaten to tell..
The 8 Ali is clever. I think he will win. Predicting future( witout evidence)

2- am - is are + going to +
Intensions and plans
1. We are going to buy a house next year. ( We decided and planned to buy..
2. I'm going to be a doctor. ( I intend to be)
3. Are you going to leave the school? ( Do you intend to leave..?
(Predicting future with evidence)
4. The chair is broken. You are going to fall
5. The sky is dark and cloudy. I think it is going to rain.
6. Watch out .the car is going to hit you . ( Warning )
3- am - is are + v+ing
7. Im tavelling tomorrow.
8. We are giving a party next Friday. Everyhing is arranged.
1- Choose the correct answer:

`1- He hasn't studied hard. I think he-------------------this exam.

a- will fail b- fails c is going to fail d- failed
2- You -------------------it if you aren't careful.
a-are breaking b-will break c have broken d- are going to break
3- My brother -----------------twenty next week.
a- will be b- is being c is going to be d- is
4- The sky is cloudy, I think it-----------------------------------.
a- is going to rain b- has rained c will rain d- would rain
5- The ceiling of the room doesn't look very safe, it ----------------------.
a- will fall b- is falling c is going to fall d- falls
6- I------------------my uncle at the airport at six o'clock.
a- am going to meet b- am meeting c will meet d- meet
7- What will you -------------------tomorrow?
a- do b- doing c are doing d- going to do
8- If you play well, you----------------------the match.
a- is going to win b-win c will win d- would win
9- He -------------------to London next week, he has booked the tickets.
a- traveling b- is traveling c will travel d- travels
10- He is filling the bucket with water. He ----------------------the car.
a- will wash b- washes c- has washed d- is going to wash
11- We are saving up because we ---------------------------buy a car.
a- will b- are being c are going to d- would
12- You -------------punished if you make that mistake again.
a- will be b- is being c is going to be d- is
13- I------------------work in an hour. I have arranged it with my boss.
a- will leave b- am leave c will d- am going to leave
14- How old are you?- I.37 next February.
a- am b- am going to be c will be d- am being

66
15- I expect the next match.much more difficult.
a- will be b- is going to be c is being d- has been
16- Go and see that film. I'm sure that youit.
a- will enjoy b- are enjoying c are going to enjoy d-enjoy
17- Keep quiet or I you out of the class.
a- am sending b- will send c send d-am going to send
18- Perhaps, my familygo to Paris the next holiday.
a- are going to b- going to c shall d-will
19- Look out! The rock is loose. Iton your head.
a- is going to fall b- will fall c is falling d- falls
20- Look! He..off his bike.
a- will fall b- is going to fall c falls d-will have fallen

67
2- Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets :-
1- The scientists at NASA have arranged everything to launch Apollo. (launching)

2- My plan is to spend the summer in Alexandria. (going)

3- Mona has decided to buy a new dress. (going)

4- We all expect his success. (succeed)

5- The old man is shouting. He is likely to fall down. (going)

6- I intend to buy a new car for my wife. (going)

7- It has decided to take my family out for dinner. (going)

8-I'm going to decorate my room. (decided)

9-"I'll cut the electric current if you don't pay the bill." ( He threatened)

10-He planned to start anew business. ( going to)

11- I have arranged everything to give a party next week. ( giving

12- I intend to buy a new mobile. (going to)

13- I arranged to travel to London next week. (traveling)

Choose

1. I think my cousin (will study studies am going to study would study) engineering.
2. We (will may are going to are) probably be there for two weeks.
3. I can't meet you this afternoon. I (am doing do have done may do) the
shopping.
4. I am studying medicine. I (may be am going to be am being be) a doctor.
5. I expect that he (wins will win is going to win is winning) the match.
6. Someone is knocking on the door. I (am going will go have gone go) and open it
7. She (is flying flies fly would fly) to Spain next Monday. Everything is arranged.
8. What are your plans for tomorrow? I (am going to play play have played
shouldn't play) tennis with a friend.
9. Watch out! You (are dropping drop are going to drop would drop) the glasses.
10. Don't worry. I (lend am lending will lend should lend) you the money you need.
11. It's arranged. We (will go go are going may go) to the Red Sea this summer.
12. I think you( will be - is going to be - is being will) very good at squash.
13. I (ll resign - resign - am rosining- would resign) if I dont get a pay rise.
14. He (s traveling travels -'d travel -'ll travel) to Aswan tomorrow. Hes got his ticket

68
health insects
safety / poisonous
disease poison
illness throw away
infect / cough
infected / chemicals
infectious in a hurry
infection / / Bad for


bird flu make noise
multiply patient
germs laws
poster / damaged
advertisement stomach
wild animals tin
farm birds outbreak ) (/
humans common /
cleanliness covered with
hygiene wound
sanitation neglect
rules pass from to ....
Die of/ from attract
disappear attractive /
pond land on
serious flies
equipment harmful
hospital staff seat belt
avoid / improve
dirt spread /
protect from lying around
keep away from make sure
worried about careful about
prevent . from drive on a road
an expert on / in smell bad
keep food have a bath= bathe
put on weight on the skin
go wrong limit the amount of

69
 get fit set a good example of

Definitions
disease an illness or serious medical condition
flu a common disease like a cold but is more serious
infected containing harmful bacteria,
outbreak when something bad like a serious disease or war starts
attract makes something moves towards it
germ a very small living thing that can make you ill
public relating to all the ordinary people in a country or area
stomach the part of your body where food is digested
a fly a common kind of insect with two wings
poisonous containing something that kill you or make you ill
cleanliness the practice of being clean or keeping things clean
hygiene (your own cleanliness)
sanitation (public cleanliness)
wild - lions and elephants are examples of this kind
dirty - not clean
touch Feeling with fingers.

1- Read and find the words in the puzzle. Write the words.
1. The beginning of something bad, like an illness, which people catch.
2. Another word for illness.
3. The cut on my leg is getting worse: it is dirty and has become ...
4. Not clean.
5. An illness that birds, people and other animals can catch.
6. A sense- you use your fingers for it
7. Lions and elephants are examples of this kind of animal

2- Complete these sentences with the correct prepositions.

in of on to with
1. Cleanliness protects us infections.
2. Infections can pass very quickly from one person another.
3. Children's hands may be covered germs.
4. You should wash more often hot weather.
5. You should try to stop insects from landing your food.

3- Use the right form of the words in brackets.

1. Personal is important if we want to stay healthy. (clean)

2. Bad , like dirty kitchens for example, can spread diseases. (sanitary)
3. Washing can stop people from catching s. (infect)
4. You should not leave dishes lying around. (dirt)
5. Food that smells bad may be . (poison)

70
 Bird Flu:

Bird flu is a subject that is worrying many people. Human can catch bird flu. By 2007 more
than 300 people had caught the disease. But only about half of these people died. But we
shouldnt worry - it is very unusual for humans to catch this disease. They have to be very
near infected birds. It is extremely unusual for humans to catch bird flu from other
humans.
Experts believe the recent outbreak of bird flu started in 2003 in Asia. 100 million birds
were killed to try to stop the disease, but by 2005 to 2006, there were new outbreaks in
Africa, the Middle East and Europe. The disease has not disappeared. Its still with us, but
it's under control.
All kinds of wild birds as well as farm birds, like chickens and other animals, like cats, can
catch bird flu.
What should people do to protect themselves? Most people who catch bird flu live very near
to birds, which have the disease. If you have touched an infected bird, you must wash very
well. If you think you may have the disease, you must see your doctor.

How to avoid illness:

Cleanliness is extremely important in protecting us from infections. Hygiene (your own
cleanliness) and sanitation (public cleanliness) are both important.
Many infections of the stomach pass from one person to another because of bad sanitation
and hygiene. If a child has dirty hands, they will be covered with millions of germs which we
cannot see. If that child gives sweets to another child, some of those germs will be passed
to the other child. When this child eats the sweet, he or she will eat some of the germs
and may become ill. The child's mother may say that it is because her child ate the sweet,
but it is really because her child ate the other child's germs.
These are some of the rules of hygiene. You should always wash your hands before a meal.
You should bathe more often in hot weather or when you have been running or been to the
gym.
You should also be very careful about the food you eat and the water you drink. Make sure
that flies and other insects do not land on your food. Insects eat dirt and there are germs
in dirt. If insects land on your food, they may pass their germs on to you. You must not
leave pieces of food or dirty dishes lying around, because they will attract flies. You can
protect food from flies and germs by covering it. You should always boil tap water before
you drink it.
Finally, you must never eat food that smells bad because it may be poisonous. Do not eat
food from a tin if the tin is damaged; the food will probably be bad.

Questions& Answers
1- What do you know about bird flu?
- It is a serious and infectious disease that birds, animals and people can catch.
2- What kinds of birds can catch bird flu?
- All kinds of birds as well as farm birds ,like chickens.
3- What must you do if you have touched an infected bird?
- I must wash my hands immediately.
4- What can go wrong if people don't follow rules of hygiene?

71
 - They can become ill themselves and spread disease to others
5- Why is it dangerous if a child has dirty hands?
- Because the child can pass germs to other children.

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. Three hundred people died .......... bird flu.
a) by b) about c) on d) of
2. Bird........ is a disease which both farm and wild birds may catch.
a) cold b) cough c) flu d) illness
3. protects us from infections diseases.
a) Clean b) Cleanly c) Cleaned d) Cleanliness
4. The ................ of AIDS in the world started in Africa.
a) break in b) outbreak c) breakthrough d) break
5. Its hard for you......... Everest.
a) climbing b) to climb c) climb d) climbed
6. Dishes lying around.......... flies.
a) attend b) attempt c) attract d) attack
7. I go to a ........... where I take exercise.
a) game b) gym c) goal d) gang
8. She ............... on a lot of weight as a result of eating much fat.
a) set b) put c) laid d) lied
9. ............ is personal cleanliness.
a) Sanitation b) Hygiene c) Laundry d) Soap
10. Sanitation is............. cleanliness.
a) personal b) special c) secret d) public
11. You may catch bird flu if you .......... a bird that has the disease.
a) see b) hear c) touch d) listen to
12. ............. is another word for disease.
a) Ill b) Illness c) Sick d) Sickly
13. You mustn't............ in a hospital.
a) eat b) drink c) walk d) smoke
14. How.......... should I drive? - At 90 kph.
a) often b) far c) fast d) many
15. Scientists all over the world think the disease is ............ control.
a) below b) under c) beneath d) underneath
16. You should .......... more often in hot weather.
a) breathe b) bathe c) pass d) press
17. ..of food mustnt be out of date.
a) Teens b) Tens c) Tins d) Tunes
18. Don't leave dirty dishes or pieces of food ............ around.
a) led b) lied c) lying d) laying
19. You must....... food to protect it from flies.
a) uncover b) cover c) discover d) recover
20. Can you predict what will .......... wrong if you eat bad food?
a) go b) leave c) come d) travel
21. Computer labs should be ............ with modern sets.
a) built b) equipped c) painted d) cleaned
22. Children are interested in watching ......... of sweets on TV.
a) clips b) films c) cartoons d) advertisements
23. If you are on a plane,............. your seat belt.

72
 a) wind b) wear c) worry d) wash
24. If you follow the rules of cleanliness, you are ....... from many diseases.
a) in danger b) dangerous c) safe d) saving
25. We must....... touching chickens infected with bird flu.
a) love b) avoid c) avail d) verify
26. Bird flu can ............ from an infected bird to another.
a) go b) pass c) leave d) move
27. You have to be careful............. your health.
a) on b) about c) by d) to
28. Flies are dangerous ......... that can carry diseases from human to human.
a) birds b) insects c) animals d) fish
29. Don't allow flies to ............ on your food.
a) sit b) land c) go d) walk
30. ................... is a source of germs.
a) Cleanliness b) Hygiene c) Sanitation d) Dirt
31. If you .......... tap water, it's safe.
a) boil b) hit c) hear d) hinder
32. The food .......... delicious.
a) smells b) tastes c) feels d) touches
33. A ............. is someone who makes a telephone call.
a) seller b) caller c) cellar d) cell
34. ............ can catch bird flu from infected birds.
a) Machines b) Humans c) Robots d) Planes
2-Find the mistake in the following sentences and correct it:
1- The first break-in of bird flu began in China.
2- Is bird flu an infection disease?
3- Sanitation is personal cleanliness
4 - Containing something that kills or makes you ill is medicine.
5 - Spreading of a disease or a war is called break out.
6 Fly is a common disease like a bad cold but more serious
7 - Cancer and diabetes are illnesses.
8 - Another word for illness is pollution.
9 - The cut on my leg is getting worse: it is dirty and has become infection.
10 - Cleanliness protects us for infections.
11 - Infections can path very quickly from one person to another.
12 - Children's hands may be recovered by germs.
13 - You should wash more often in heat weather.
14 - You should try to stop insects from lending on your food.

3- Translation
A) Translate into Arabic:

1- Hospitals should be clean and well-equipped.

2 Prevention is better than cure.

3-Do not eat tinned food if the tin looks swollen.

B) Translate into English:

73
 -1

. -2
Advice
Should Shouldn't +
) ( should
1. You should see doctor.
2. You shouldnt smoke.

= I advise you to.. (not to)

= It is(not) a good idea to........
You should + = It is (not) necessary to
You shouldnt = It's (in)advisable to..
=Its better to.(not)
= You had better.(not)
= If I were you, I would (not)

Necessity & Obligation

must +
:must -
/) ( -
- You must stop when the light is red. = Its necessary to stop
You must wash if you touch an infected bird.

Prohibition

mustn't+
mustn't
/) )( (

- You mustn't smoke in hospitals.
- You mustn't drink wine.
- You mustn't touch that. Its very hot.

= you are not allowed to +

= you are forbidden to +
You mustn't = you are prohibited / banned from + v. + ing
= Its banned / forbidden / prohibited to
= It s dangerous to
= Its unlawful / against the law to
= No....v-ing
= Dont (Never)+.

74
 - You mustnt park here.
..
..
6- 1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. You should................ revising now.

a- start b-starting c-started d-to start
2. You ................ always boil tap water before you drink it.
a-shouldn't b-can't c-mustn't d-should)
3. You ................ eat any food that smells bad.
a-must b-mustn't c-ought to d-shouldn't
4. It's dangerous to drive so fast. You ................ drive more slowly.
a-should b-mustn't c-ought d-shouldn't
5. If you have touched an infected bird, you ................ wash very well.
a-shouldn't b-must c-can't d-could
6. You ................ drive. Youre too tired.
a-shouldnt b-mustnt c-should d-ought to
7. You ................ park here. It says a No Parking area.
a-mustnt b-neednt c- have to d-wont
8. You ................ throw away food if you think it is bad or poisonous.
a-mustn't b-ought c-shouldn't d-must
9. You ........... travel abroad without a passport.
a) should b)must c)can d) mustn't
10. Samy is getting fat. He ........... eat too much rice.
a) don't b)must c) shouldn't d) should
11. We ............. visit our sick friend.
a) haven't b) should c) mustn't d) shouldn't
12. Drivers ........... stop their cars when the traffic lights are red.
a) should b)must c) shouldn't d) mustn't

7- 2- Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1. I advise you not to eat so many sweets. (shouldn't)

2. I advise you to go the gym more often to keep fit. (should)

3. You aren't allowed to drive too fast on the motorway. (mustn't)

4. Its inadvisable to take medicine without asking your doctor. (shouldnt)

5. Its necessary for us to be economical. (must)

6. You mustnt park here. (allowed)

7. You mustnt smoke in the theatre. (Smoking)

8. It would be a good idea to read a lot in your free time. (should)

9. You mustn't smoke in hospitals. (allowed)

10. I advise you not to eat so many sweets. (shouldn't)

75

11. I advise you to go the gym more often to keep fit. (should)

76
 William Shakespeare

actor angry with

(
artist give his country to
)
musician obvious to

patron / / live on money from

perform ( ) save
performer ( /) capture
play / / prison
theatre realize
support / / decision
organization / beat
musical damage /
musical performer be prepared to
entertain / risk his life for
especially tell the truth
stage prepare /
Tour guide risk
glove maker ashamed
financial problems foolish /
cautious guilty
theatre group turning point
own dishonest /
owner power /
part-own regretful
part-owner well-known /
/
retire feelings

quiz win a fight against
poem flattery
put . Into prison .... sweet words
definitely forgive /
diary - fight
Road accidents deceitful
)address (n.v. / sensible
obvious wander around
wander / take power back
Midlands ending
learn from find out /
I have no idea catch the plane

write for (was) taken to prison

77
 refer to go into
famous for= known for go out
leave for fall down /
move back to on stage

send away / / all over the world

Definitions

actor someone who performs in a play or film

patron someone who supports or gives money to an organization, -
perform to do something to entertain people, especially in public -
theatre a building with a stage where plays are performed
financial relating to money or how money is managed
obvious clear; easy to see, recognize or understand
wander to walk around slowly without any clear purpose(aimlessly) -
beat win a fight against someone

1- Complete these sentences with the correct word

actor patron performed poem returned theatre
1. The first thing Shakespeare wrote was a long.
2. Shakespeare first went to London because he wanted to be an ...
3. Without his rich .... , Shakespeare wouldn't have been a successful writer.
4. Shakespeare often .in his own plays.
2- Choose the correct word.
1. A / An actor / patron works in films, on TV or in a theatre.
2. You can watch films / plays in a theatre.
3. Shakespeare wrote some great plays and poems / novels.
4. The children are performing / writing in a famous play this afternoon.

Make & do
make do

make a decision do damage

make a mistake do homework
make money do a job
make a noise do a quiz
make a suggestion do a sport
make an effort do an exam
make the beds do revision

3- Complete the sentences with the correct form of do or make.

1. I'm not good at .. quick decisions.
2. In his maths test, Abdullah didn't . any mistakes.
3. What job would you like to .when you leave university!

78
 4. Try not to any noise when you go into the library
5. Last year Ali didn't ..much money, as he was still a student.
6. What sports do you .?
7. Can I ....a suggestion? Why don't you your homework before you go out?
8. Let's this quiz about animals.
9. Two trees fell down in the wind, but luckily they didn't ....any damage
William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare was born on April, 23rd, 1564, in Stratford in the Midlands of
England. His father was a glove maker. William went to school when he was 7, but he
had to leave at the age of 14 because his family had financial problems.
When he was 18, Shakespeare married a farmers daughter called Anne Heathway.
William and Anne had three children. After that no one is sure what Shakespeare did
but, in 1592, he left his family and went to London to become an actor.
Soon he started writing poems, and one of his longest poems, "Venus and Adonis,
was so successful that it made him famous. If he hadnt found a patron at this time,
he wouldn't have become a famous writer.
By 1594, Shakespeare was a well-known actor and writer who wrote and
performed for a theatre group called The King's Men. Shakespeare had started
writing in 1588 and, for the next 17 years, he wrote two plays a year. Many of these
were performed at The Globe Theatre near to the River Thames in London. His five
famous plays are probably Romeo and Juliet written in 1596, A Midsummer Night's
Dream in 1596, Hamlet in 1601, King Lear in 1606 and Macbeth in 1606. Shakespeare
part-owned The Globe Theatre, and made a lot of money from it. He had enough to
buy a very large House in Stratford, and he retired there in 1611. Shakespeare died
on April 23, 1616.

King Lear
Lear is the King of Britain. When he is old, he decides to give his country to his
three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. But before he does this, he asks
them to tell him how much they love him. Two of the daughters, Goneril and Regan,
say they love him much more than they really do. The third daughter, Cordelia, does
not say very much. She does not know how to describe her love for her father. Lear
is angry with Cordelia, and gives all his money and land to Goneril and Regan.
Cordelia is sent away and goes to live in France where she marries the king.

Old Lear soon discovers that he has made a terrible mistake. It is soon obvious to
him that Goneril and Regan said that they loved him only so that they could have his

79
money and his country. The truth is that they do not love their father at all. Lear
wanders around the country with his last two good friends until they arrive in Dover.

Cordelia hears what has happened to her father. She comes to England with
soldiers to try to save him and to take his country back from her two sisters. English
soldiers arrive in Dover and beat the French. Cordelia and Lear are captured and
taken to prison. Here, Cordelia tells her father how much she really loves him.
Questions & answers:
1. When and where was Shakespeare born?
- He was born on April, 23rd, 1564, in Stratford in the Midlands of England.
2. What was Shakespeare's father?
- He was a glove maker.
3. Why did Shakespeare have to leave school at the age of 14?
- Because his family didn't have much money.
4. Why did Shakespeare leave his family and go to London in 1592?
- To become an actor.
5. Why did Shakespeare become famous?
- Because one of his longest poems, "Venus and Adonis, was so successful.
6. What would have happened if Shakespeare hadn't found a patron at this time?
- He wouldn't have become a famous writer.
7. What did Shakespeare write and perform for?
- for a theatre group called The King's Men.
8. Where were many of Shakespeare's plays performed?
- At the Globe Theatre near to the River Thames in London.
9. Name some of Shakespeare's famous plays.
- Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth.
10. How did Shakespeare make a lot of money?
- He part-owned The Globe Theatre,
11. When did Shakespeare die?
- On April 23rd, 1616.

Questions & answers:

1- What did King Lear decide to do when he was old?

- He decided to give his country to his three daughters,
2- What did King Lear want to know before he gave his money to his daughters?
- He wanted to know how much they loved him.
3- What did Goneril and Regan tell Lear?
- They told him they loved him so much.
4- Why was King Lear angry with his daughter Cordelia?
- Because she didn't know how to describe her love to him.
5- What did King Lear do to his daughter, Cordelia?
- He didn't give her any of his money and land and sent her away to France
6- Who did Cordelia marry?
- The king of France.
7- What was the turning point in King Lear?

80
 - Lear found out he had made a terrible mistake.
8- When did Lear discover that he had made a terrible mistake?
- Soon after he had given his money and his land to his two daughters
9- Why did Cordelia come back to England with French soldiers?
- She wanted to try to help her father and save him.
10- Who puts Cordelia and Lear in prison?
- The English soldiers who are working for Goneril and Regan
11- When did Cordelia tell her father how much she loved him?
- When they were captured and put into prison.
1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- Some parents can't send their children to secondary school because of...... problems.
a) financial b) sport c) health d) pollution
2- Shakespeare's father was a .......... maker.
a) hat b) shoe c) glove d) dress
3- The earthquake ............ a lot of damage to the city.
a) made b)did c)put d)kept
4- Shakespeare was a/an ......... owner of the Globe Theatre.
a) all b) whole c) part d)full
5- A/An ............. performs in a film, serial or play.
a) patron b) actor c) novelist d) writer
6- We went to the theatre to watch a new .......... .
a) poem b) play c) film d) match
7- In addition to his famous plays, Shakespeare wrote great........ .
a) films b) short stories c) novels d) poems
8- Most theatre groups depend on ........ to support their activity.
a) patrons b) leaders c) assistants d) grocers
9- Shakespeare was interested in ............ in his own plays.
a) sleeping b) performing c) writing d) watching
10- When he grew old, Shakespeare .......... to Stratford.
a)left b) lived c) retired d) looked
11-As one of his longest poems was very successful, Shakespeare became ................ .
a) unknown b) famous c) unpopular d) unusual
12-"The King's Men" was the theatre ........... that Shakespeare wrote plays for.
a) factory b) group c)firm d) institute
13-Lear..... his daughter, Cordelia away when she failed to describe her love for him.
a) sent b) posted c)put d)kept
14-Basim ............ around the village not knowing where exactly to
a) wondered b) wandered c) wanted d) weighed
15-Cordelia and the French ................ couldn't save Lear.
a) workers b) soldiers c) farmers d) sellers
16-Lear ......... that Goneril and Regan didn't really love him.
a) discovered b) described c) disabled d) delayed
17-What is most important about a leader is his ability to ........... decisions.
a) do b)make c) write d) discover
18-This is not the only mistake you've ever ............. .
a) made b)done c) built d) established
19-Are you interested in ............. sports?
a) making b) taking c) doing d) setting

81
 20- You should always .................... good to others.
a) make b)do c)give d)send
21-He keeps a little .............. in which he writes every day notes.
a) calendar b) diary c) dictionary d) album
22-An orchestra consists of a group of............ .
a) writers b) actors c) musicians d) singers
23-Eveyone must learn ............ their past mistakes.
a) with b)of c)off d)from
24-The number of ........ accidents has recently risen because of driving too fast.
a) desert b) road c) square d) lane
25-A good father has good .......... towards his family.
a) fillings b) feelings c) fallings d) fields
26-Can you see that he's mistaken? - Yes. It is quite ............. .
a) dark b) obvious c) clean d) cloudy
27-The king was .......... and sent to prison.
a) captured b) loved c) liked d) described
28-Cordelia didn't say how much she loved Lear. ........... she was sent away.
a) That's why b) Why c) Although d) There
29- Cordelia wanted to take Lear's country ......... from Goneril and Regan.
a) front b) back c) away d) along
30-The president retired ............... his village.
a) on b) to c) for d) at
31-The three of us bought a new house. I.......... that new house.
a) own b) possess c) have d) part-own
32-Dr Zewail............... the femto-second.
a) invented b) discovered c) described d) happened
33-The Egyptians do the best they can ......... they can develop the tourism industry.
a) to b)but c) so that d) therefore
34-Adel Imam is a very great............
a) musician b) pilot c) engineer d) actor
35-To tell the ........ is far much better than to tell lies.
a)true b) truth c)truthful d)truly
2 find the mistakes and correct them:
1 - Shakespeare was one of the greatest physicians.
2 Obvious means difficult to understand.
3 Walk with nowhere to go means wonder.
4 He is good at doing great decisions.
5 He did a lot of money out of tourism.
6 A patron works in a film or in a theatre.
7 Shakespeare wrote some great plays and poets.
8 The children are writing in a famous play.
9 - Shakespeare first went to London because he wanted to be an actress.
10 -Without his rich phantom, Shakespeare wouldn't have been a successful writer.
11 - Shakespeare often reformed in his own plays.
12 In the test, he didn't do any mistakes.
13 What sports do you make?
14 - Let's make this quiz about animals.
15 - Two trees fell down in the wind, but luckily they didn't make any damage.
3- Translation

82
 A) Translate into Arabic:
1- 1Shakespeare would not have been so rich if he hadn't been the part owner of the Globe
Theatre in London.
.
.
2- The rich should always help the poor in every possible way.
.

B) Translate into English:

.
....
If

will +
s+ ll (can- may )

V1 / v1+s
dont / doesnt + wont
If would +
ed+ d ( could-might)
V2 + ed
didnt + wouldnt +
would have +p.p.
had (d) + p.p. d have +p.p.
hadnt + p.p. wouldnt have +p.p.

1- If you study hard , you will succeed.

2- If you studied hard , you would succeed.

3- If you had studied hard , you would have succeeded.

[If ]
:
perhaps / I think / -1
.may
( )
1- Perhaps it will rain tomorrow. If so, well stay at home. (If)
..........................................................................................
2- The cat may die. If so, we will be sad.
..........................................................................................
-2
( )
3- Take this medicine and you will get better. (If)
..........................................................................................
4- Revise well and you will get full marks.

83
 ..........................................................................................
otherwise /or :
( )

5- Take this medicine or you wont get better. (If)

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

.. .1
.2
. ( ) .3
.so - therefore - That's why.................... ) If ( .4
.because - as-.since. ... . ) If ( .5
1. She didnt go to the party so she didnt see her friends. (If)
If she had gone to the party , she would have seen her friends.
2. He didnt catch the bus because he got up late. (If)
If he hadnt got up late , he would have caught the bus.
3. He works hard so he gets money.
If he didnt work hard , he wouldnt get money.
4. They didn't train well so they lost the match. (If)
................................................................................................
5. Im not a bird so I cant fly. (If)
................................

.. Unless = if.+ not

if Unless .1
not ( if Unless .2
)
without but for .3
ing

1. If + + , .
2. Unless + + , .
3. Without But for + v+ig , .

( If + doesnt ..v = Unless + v +s )

1. If he doesn't work hard , he will get little money.
2. = Unless he works hard , he will get little money
3. = Without working hard , he will get little money

( If + didnt..v = Unless + v+ed )

4. If he didnt work hard , he would get little money. Unless
...............................Without
................................

( If + dont..v = Unless + v )

84
 5. If I dont work hard , I will get little money. Unless
............................... Without
...............................
8- 1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. If my watch been right, I wouldn't have been late.

a) has b) had c) hasn't d) hadn't
2. If we hadn't gone to Spain for holiday, we have met Jorge and his family.
a) wouldn't b) didn't c) haven't d) can't
3. If they .. more careful, they wouldn't have had that bad accident.
a) had been b) has been c) were d) are
4. I've just that I forgot my wallet at home.
a) realized b) relaxed c) known d) reached
5. his hard work, he wouldn't have succeeded.
a) With b) If c) Unless d) Without
6. If Ali.......... the alarm, he would have got up on time.
a) set b)sets c) has set d) had set
7. ............ he had taken a taxi, he wouldn't have been late for work.
a) If b) Unless c) Without d) Although
8. Samir ............ some tea if he feels sleepy.
a) drank b) drinks c) would drink d) would have drunk.
9. Manal can't buy a car ........... having money.
a) if b) unless c) without d)but
10. .......... Radwa got up early, she missed the school bus.
a) If b)Although c) Unless d) Without
11. If Raouf had come to the party, he ......... some old friends.
a) would meet b) meets c ) meet d) meets
12. Mum .......... all our needs if she had enough money.
a) can buy b) would buy c) will buy d) would have bought
13. Unless the athlete ......... fast, he wouldn't have won the race.
a) ran b)runs c) had run d) has run
14. The driver wouldn't have had an accident if he ........... careless.
a) weren't b) wasn't c) had been d) hadn't been
15. If I...... you were asleep, I wouldn't have turned up the TV.
a) knew b)know c) have known d) had known
16. If the students .......... their homework, their teacher wouldn't be angry.
a) do b) had done c) have done d)did
17. If I......... you, I wouldn't go to school late.
a) am b)were c) had been d) have been
18. Shakespeare wouldn't have gone to London if he ........... to be an actor.
a) hadn't wanted b) wanted c) didn't want d) doesn't want
19. If Nagy ......... earlier, he would meet some of his old friends.
a) comes b)came c) had come d) has come
20. ............. his financial help, I wouldn't have gone to university.

85
a) Unless b)|f c) Without d)But

86
9- 2- Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1. Perhaps Adel will phone us. If so, we will invite him. (If)
..
2. Perhaps she will have enough time. If so, she will visit us. (If)
..
3. Take an aspirin and your headache will get better. (If)
..
4. Hurry up or youll miss the train. (If)
..
5. He cant help you because he isnt a doctor. (If)
..
6. I dont write to him because I dont know his address. (If)
..
7. He doesnt practise well, so she doesnt play well. (If)
..
8. He cant buy the car because he isnt rich. (If )
..
9. If I don't have enough time, I won't go to the cinema. (Unless)
..
10. He can't defend you because he isn't a lawyer. (If)
..
11. Perhaps he will play well. If so, he will win. (If)
..
12. If he didn't study his lessons, he wouldn't pass the exams. (Unless)
..
13. They didnt win the match because they played badly. (If)
..
14. She lost her tennis match because she didnt have enough practice. (If)
..
15. He went to school. He learned to read and write well. (If)
..
16. I wanted to come to see you, but I didn't know your address. . (If )
..
17. I didn't have your mobile number, so I couldn't phone you.
..
18. He forgot to write the time of the meeting, so he arrived an hour late. (If)
..
19. The flat was very expensive, so they didn't buy it. (If )
..
20. You didn't do very well in the test because you didn't do enough revision.(If)
..
21. She went to bed very late: That's why she was tired in the morning. .(If)
..
22. They played badly so they didnt win. ( If)
..
23. His family had financial problems so he left school. (If)
..

87
inspire organization
inspiration throughout
brave )award (n.
bravery instead of
young people )Face (v
do Kung fu challenge
PE teacher disability -
bridge - full life
physiotherapist blind -
physiotherapy blindness
medical deaf
Treatmentfor happen
muscles behaviour
achieve - type : sort :
achievement printing
kind
fall off together
crash to amazing
champion incredible -
Difficult Incredibly
difficulty rural area
practice illness
wheelchair patient
train patience
trainee touch -
trainer several
compete graduate -
competition graduation
competitor later
Suffer work for
suffering foundation
rank - encourage
participate in encouragement
participation devices
share in region -
tournament spade
tutor behave
the blind industrial
organise economic
integrate regional
overcome prejudice
prosthetic confidence
dye / unfortunately
amazingly human nature
drought / appearance
handicapped judge

88
 Amazing People

89
 Definitions
career a job that you plan to do for a long time.
a problem (have difficulty
difficulty
)
a Chinese sport in which people fight with
Kung fu
feet ,hands
a medical treatment for muscles, using
physiotherapy
exercises.
a chair with wheels, used by people who
wheelchair
cant walk.
incredible / amazing
achieve / to succeed in doing something.
inspire To make someone want to do something.
a type of printing blind people can read by
Braille
touching.
to pass exams at university.
graduate

a group of people meet and do something

organisation
together.
a teacher of one person or a small group of
tutor
people.
throughout all over
Award / Prize or to give prize.
several more than a few

1- Complete the sentences with these words.

achieved career difficulty incredible inspired kung fu physiotherapy

1. Some old people have with seeing in the dark.

2. Hassan's broken leg is nearly better, but now he needs to have
3. My grandma has so much in her life. She was a doctor and had four children.
4. Nabila felt ..to learn a new language after watching a TV programme
about a woman who can speak eight languages!
5. Mr Taha spent most of his .as a teacher.
6. You must read this book. The story is
7. I saw an interesting Chinese film about some .. fighters.

2- Complete the sentences with these words.

Graduate award several throughout tutor
1. Hamid won an . for helping out with a lot of different charities.
2. You will find people who speak English . the world.
3. students got all their answers right in the test.

90
4. Amal's sister will in medicine this year
5. Mona wants to learn Chinese, so her parents have found her a Chinese
3- Complete these sentences from the listening text with the correct prepositions.
at for in of off to

1. We look men and women who have achieved things . their

lives despite great difficulties.
2. This was very difficult him because before the accident, he had been a
champion kung fu.
3. Suddenly, it fell . the 6th of October Bridge and crashed .. the ground
4. After many hours practice, Mahmoud became very good at it.

biography autobiography
1. He hired a writer to write his .. as he was illiterate.
2. She wrote her . herself.

aged = at the age of .=when he (she) was..

3. She died, aged 87 .
4. ..
5. ..

graduated from = was a graduate of

6. He graduated from Cairo University.
7. ..

I think subj.v = subj seem(s) to inf

- I think that the horse is hungry. = The horse seems to be hungry.

- I think you're unhappy today. = You seem to be unhappy today
- Ali doesn't like shopping. I don't think he ever wants to buy anything .
= Ali never seems to want to buy anything.
8. I think Omar has got all the answers right.
9. I think there is some sand in my bag.
10. I think it's cold outside because people are wearing coats.
11. I don't know, but it seems this is the answer.

Compliments /

I must say its great that I m glad you like it.

Id like to compliment you on - Youre very kind.

Youve done very well. ....... Thank you.

Thats excellent Thats very kind of you.

Youve always been good at ......... Thats kind of you to say so.

Congratulations

91
 Congratulations Thank you, Im very pleased.

I must congratulate you on I hope the same to you.

Many congratulations 1000 Thanks, I cant believe it.

Well done. Thats very kind of you.

1. Your older cousin says he is getting married this year.

2. Your friend showed you his photo. It is very good.
3. A friend of your family has got a very good job.
4. Your teacher says your English is now very good.
5. Your cousin cooks you some cakes. they are delicious.
6. Your friend has passed his exams.
7. Your aunt says I like the jacket you are wearing.
8- Your uncle congratulates you on getting into university.
Brave man

In todays programme, we hear about a brave man whose story will inspire many
young people. The brave mans name is Mahomoud Mohamed Youssef. He likes doing
Kung fu and decided to be a PE teacher. One day, the bus that Mahmoud was travelling
on made an accident. It fell off 6th October Bridge and crashed to the ground. Mahmoud
woke up in hospital. Doctors at the hospital told him that he would never walk again.
This was very difficult for him because before the accident, he had been a champion in
Kung fu. Mahmoud decided to practice another sport using his hands. He decided to be a
wheelchair tennis player. After many hours of hard work, Mahmoud became very good
at it. He began to train until he began competing in wheelchair tennis, ranked as Egypts
top second player. He recently participated in tournaments in Holland and Kenya.

Helen Keller

It is very hard for people who cannot see or hear. It is even more difficult to enjoy a full
life if you are both blind and deaf, but that is what happened to an American woman
called Helen Keller. Incredibly Helen lived a busy life, wrote many books and travelled to
many places before she died, aged 87, in 1968.
Helen was born in a rural area of the USA. She couldn't see or hear anything because of
an illness she had as a baby. When she was seven, her parents asked a tutor called Anne
Sullivan to help their child. Anne couldn't see very well herself but was very patient with
Helen. She soon understood that this little girl was very intelligent. Anne used touch to
teach her to communicate with her hands. Helen then learnt how to read using Braille
and even learned several languages.
When she was 20, Helen went to university and in 1904, she became the first deaf and
blind person to graduate. While she was at university, Helen also wrote the first of her
many books, called The Story of My Life. Helen later worked for the American

92
Foundation for the Blind, an organisation that helps people who cannot see throughout
the world. As part of her work, she travelled to 35 countries. Helen inspired not only
blind people, but others, too. Two films were made about her life and she won many
awards for her work.

Another incredible person

In 2016, Markus Rehm jumped 8.40 metres at an athletics long-jump competition in
Doha, Qatar. In 2012, Greg Rutherford won a gold medal for jumping 8.31 metres at the
2012 London Olympics. Markus Rehm seems to be a better long-jumper. Amazingly, he
only has one leg. Some people say that his other leg, which is made from a type of metal,
helps Markus to jump further. They say that he should not be able to jump with athletes
like Greg Rutherford because of this. Markus, however, wants to be able to win his own
Olympic gold medal.

93
 1 Choose the correct answer:
8.
1. Some old people have------------------- with seeing in the dark.
a no problem b - difficult c - difficulty d easy
2. Hassan's broken leg is nearly better, but now he needs to have------
a - insomnia b hibernation c escapism d-physiotherapy
3. He has ------------------ great things in his life .When he won the medal.
a achieved b -lost c played d crew
4. His great character ------------------- me to do better.
a discouraged b inspired c conspired d empire
5. Mr. Ali spent most of his ----------------------- as a teacher.
a job b career c university d school
6. You must read this book. The story is--------------------------
a silly b boring c - incredible d incredibly
7. I saw an interesting Chinese film about ------------ Fighters.
a - football b tennis c Kung fu d hockey
8. Hamid won an ---------------- for helping out with a lot of charities.
a prize b - medal c ribbon d award
9. You will find people who speak English ------------------ the world.
a throughout b throw c thoroughly d insane
10. - -------------- students got all their answers right in the test.
a one ba c several d a little
11. Amal's sister will ---------------- in medicine this year.
a graduate b - retire c resign d design
12. Mona wants to learn Chinese, so her parents have found her a-------
a author b - tutor c professor d dragon
13. His story of bravery will --------------------- many young people.
a require b accuse c satire d inspire
14. She died -------------------------- 80.
a age b aged c old c ago
15. She lost her sight, she is ------------------------------
a lane b deaf c dead d blind
16. Nurses should be ---------------------- to deal with patients.
a patience b a patient c patient d patients
17. Most people all over the world communicate ------------- English.
a with b in c to d within
18. Braille is a special writing for the-------------------------------
a deaf b - lane c blind d old
19. - --------------- , Helen lived a busy life.
a incredible b lately c recently d incredibly
20. She wrote her own story life in her ----------------------------------
a biography bautobiography c photography d geography
21. The new president ---------------a new organization to help the poor.
a find b founded c - found d finds
22. She won many ------------------------- for her work.
a awards b words c gifts d - presents
23. Only ------------------ can take part in Paralympic Games.
a healthy b blind c disabled d old.

94
 24. He came first and won the --------------------- medal.
a silver b bronze d metal d - gold
25. He won a medal ---------------------- jumping the longest.
a for b with c in d at
26. - ---------------, he only has one leg.
a amazingly b amazing c amazement d amazed
27. We ---------------------- him on passing his exams.
a - complimented b congratulated c discouraged d refused
28. When we -------------someone we compliment them.
a admire b deny c criticize d emphasize
29. His favourite hobby is ----------------------- Kung fu.
a playing b doing c - going d reading
30. They like -------------------- football on Fridays.
a playing b playing c going d watch

9. 2- Find the mistakes and correct them:

10.
1. His story will conspire many young people.
2. She likes playing Kung fu.
3. The bus that he was travelling on did an accident.
4. The bus he was taking fell off the waterfall.
5. He lost his leg so he used a waterwheel to help him.
6. He came first in the race and won the gold medal.
7. She hired a talented journalist to write her autobiography.
8. I wonder if you can play karate
9. Our late President Sadat wrote his biography .
10. Helen Keller was born with a disease which made her blind and deafness.
11. Some handicapped use armchairs to help them move.

11. A) Translate into Arabic:

12.
1 - Great people as Helen Keller have great influence on many young people as they
inspire them to do useful things and insist on reaching their goals.

2 Space invasion is one of the modern wonders.

13. B) Translate into English:

-1

. - 2

95

a/ an the no article...
( ( ) ( ( ) ) ( / (
)
The indefinite articles ( a / an )
. ( a )

a boy a girl a woman a hand a lamp - a car - a farm . )a university a uniform.(

)a e i o - u ) an
an apple an egg an orange an elephant. - (an hour an honour-an honest man).

: ( ) a / an
something for the first time
I bought a new computer.
one of many things
He's a player in that football team.
someones job
He is an engineer.
The definite article
: ) / ( the

something we have already talked about) (

I bought a new computer. The computer is expensive
only one of something ) (
The sun The moon- The earth - the world the sea The Red Sea
The sun has been shining all day.
superlative adjective ) (
The most / the least / the fewest /the best /the adj+est / the first / the second/ the last

This is the best hotel in the city.

the of.. ./ (
The computer which I bought is new.
The book on the table is mine.
Train ticket= the ticket of the train
Poor people = the poor / All lions = the lion / Egypt = The A R E
No article
: the / a- an

( )
- -/ - - / -
-
: ( )

96
 / / /
1- Complete the sentences with the articles a, an or the.

1. His cousin is .. journalist. He works for .. newspaper in Cairo.

2. This is ... best museum in Alexandria . Is there .. museum in your town?
3. She wants to have ... holiday next to ... sea.
4. He had .... dream last night. In .... dream, he was ten metres tall!
5. Adel is .. space scientist. At the moment, he is studying ... moon.
6. ... engineer has ... interesting job.
2- Complete the sentences with the articles a, an or the.

When .. person has broken .. leg, it can take .. few months before
.. leg is better again. However.. person will probably need physiotherapy
to make.. leg strong again. .. best way for .. person to get better is to
do exercises two or three times .. day. The person can have this
physiotherapy in .. good hospital.

3- Complete the sentences with the articles a, an , the. no article

1. In fact, he's one of .best doctors in our town.

2. The Sahara Desert is .. largest desert in the world.
3. submarine is a ship that can travel on and under water.
4. When grandfather was young, hardly anyone hadtelevision.
5. My sister had. new baby boy.
6. In those days if they wanted to visit .foreign country, it was not easy.
7. They had to travel on ship or a train, the ship could take days or weeks to arrive.
8. We live inold house near to the sea Nile.
9. My uncle lives in an old house near to .. Nile.
10. When I leave school, I want to betourist guide.
11. I had an interview for job.
12. mobile phone was invented in 1973.
13. My brother is.fastest swimmer in our school.

4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets

1. He lives in Egypt.(the)
2. We should help poor people. (the)
3. No river is longer than the Nile. (The)
4. Doctors examine sick people. (the)
5. I need some bread. (a)
6. I saw a very big crocodile. (an)
7. They bought an interesting book. (a)
8. Paris is France's capital. (the)
9. He comes from America. (the)
10. Ali's life is full of troubles. (The)
11. All monkeys have tails. (The)
12. My father's job is to teach students. (a)
13. Egypt is in Africa. (an)

97
14. Ali's car is new. (The)

industrial revolution lock

breathe apprentice ) (
factory Beat
workhouse / coffin maker
generosity unfinished coffins
kiss undertaker
weak cellar -
ill shout

Chapter I

98
 cry opportunity
pick up cost
tiny feed
gently feelings
cheek continue
orphans employer
destitute complain
wretched official
manager hurry
thin menacing voice
realise strange
uncomfortable surrounded by
in charge of sound /
run away from kick
starving shutter
furious Freezing cold
repeat broken heart
wake up ashamed
punish unbearable
kind - setting
brave cruel
dishonest intruder

Chapter I
It was late at night in a town in England during the Industrial Revolution. At this time,
most English towns needed people to work in the factories that were beginning to open all
over the country. Many people came to the towns to find work, but they were often so
poor that they could not buy enough to eat and they had nowhere to sleep. So they went to
the workhouses where at least they had a bed and some sort of food. In one such
workhouse, an old nurse and a doctor were working in a small, dark room looking at a baby
boy that had just been born. The baby found it difficult to breathe. They did not know if he
would live. "What's the mother's name?" the doctor asked the nurse. "I don't know. She
arrived at the workhouse last night," said the nurse. "She was ill and weak when she came."
When the baby cried, the mother said weakly, "Can I see my new baby?" The nurse picked
up the tiny boy and the mother saw him for the first time. She kissed him gently on the
cheek and smiled. Then the mother died. "Poor woman," said the nurse. "She was so
beautiful. We'll never know who she was."
The baby was called Oliver Twist. He was sent to live with other orphans in an old house
nearby. The orphans were all the children of parents who had been destitute. A woman
called Mrs Mann was given a little money to look after the orphans, but she decided that
she needed some of this money for herself. For this reason, the boys never had very much

99
to eat. On his ninth birthday, Oliver was a small, weak child. He had spent all his life in the
old building with Mrs Mann, who was no kinder to Oliver than she was to the other
orphans. Oliver did not go to school and he did not know the world outside.
One day, an important man called Mr Bumble visited Mrs Mann. Mr Bumble was an
official from the workhouse, where the older children from poor families were big enough
to work for their food. "Now Oliver's nine, you don't need to look after him," Mr Bumble
told Mrs Mann. "He is old enough to work for us in the workhouse." Oliver was not sad to
leave Mrs Mann, but he was sad to leave his friends and the only home he had ever known.
He felt wretched as the door to the house was closed behind him. "Why are you crying?
You're very lucky to work here," the managers of the workhouse told Oliver when he
arrived. "We'll give you food and a bed for nothing." The workhouse was a large, cold
building. Oliver was introduced to the other boys who were all as thin and weak as he was.
They wore old clothes that were too big for them.
Oliver worked hard at the workhouse with these boys and I quickly realised that his
life was not going to become any easier. His bed was very uncomfortable and the food was
never enough. All they ate was a thin soup. The boys he worked with were always hungry.
After a few months, they were all so close to starving that they made a plan. They decided
they must have more food, and they chose Oliver to ask for it. That evening in the big, cold
hall, the boys finished eating their usual thin soup. Then Oliver stood up and walked to the
master who gave them their food. "Please, sir, I want some more," said Oliver. The master
was furious. No one had ever asked for more before! "What did you say?" he cried. There
was now silence in the big room. "Please, sir, I want some more," Oliver repeated.
The master angrily took Oliver's arm and immediately led him to the managers of the
workhouse. He told them what Oliver had said. "If he is not happy with our generosity," the
managers said, "he must leave." They decided to lock Oliver in a room and put a message
on the door of the workhouse. It said that the workhouse would give five pounds, to
anyone who could take the boy away from them. For weeks, Oliver stayed in the cold, dark
room. He cried himself to sleep each night, then woke up each morning and began to cry
again. He had never felt so alone. He was only taken from the room when it was time to
eat. Mr Bumble did not want any of the other boys to ask for more food, so while they were
eating, Mr Bumble made Oliver stand in front of them. Then he beat Oliver.
This happened every day until a man called Mr Sowerberry read the message on the
workhouse gate. Mr Sowerberry, the coffin maker, decided that he needed an apprentice
and told Mr Bumble that he could take Oliver Twist. A new chapter in the boy's life was
about to start. The next day, Mr Bumble took Oliver from the workhouse and walked with
him to Mr Sowerberry's house. As they were walking down the street, Mr Bumble was
surprised to see that Oliver was crying. "Why are you crying?" Mr Bumble shouted. "You
should be happy to have the opportunity to work with someone like Mr Sowerberry. "Ill be
a good boy," said Oliver. "But I have no ... '"You have no what?" asked Mr Bumble. "I have
no friends," said Oliver quietly.
Mr Bumble was not interested in Oliver's feelings. They continued to Mr Sowerberry's
house, but when Oliver's new employer saw him, he was not very happy. "He's very small,

100
Mr Bumble," Mr Sowerberry complained. "He is small, but he'll grow," explained Mr
Bumble. "But it will cost money to feed him," said Mr Sowerberry's wife. She took Oliver
downstairs and gave him some old food that they had not eaten. "Now get some sleep,"
said Mrs Sowerberry. "You don't mind sleeping down in the shop, do you? There's nowhere
else to sleep in our house." Oliver was alone in a strange, dark room, surrounded by
unfinished coffins. It was not much better than the room he had slept in at the workhouse.
It was not easy for him to sleep.
The next morning, Oliver woke up to the sound of someone kicking the shop door.
Oliver opened it and saw a tall boy with a red nose eating some bread. "Hello. I'm Noah
Claypole," he said. "You're from the workhouse, aren't you?" he continued, walking into the
shop as if he lived there. "I help Mr Sowerberry. You do what I say, Workhouse Boy. Now
open the shutters," he ordered, giving Oliver a small kick to make sure he knew who was
the master. Mrs Sowerberry called and asked Noah to sit by the fire to have some breakfast.
She gave Oliver a little bread and told him to eat it down below. It was freezing cold there.
"Why can't I have a good breakfast like Noah?" he asked, but there was no one there to
hear him. For the next few months, Oliver worked with Mr Sowerberry. He did not like the
work, but Mr Sowerberry seemed pleased with him. This, however, did not please Noah
Claypole, who was told to work inside when Oliver went out with Mr Sowerberry.
One day, after work, the two boys were alone in the shop. "What happened to your
mother, Workhouse Boy?" said Noah. Oliver said quietly, "The nurse said she died of a
broken heart." "I heard she died in the workhouse because she was no good at anything,"
laughed Noah. "What did you say?" cried Oliver, feeling both ashamed and angry. "I heard
that if she hadn't died, they would have punished her," Noah cried unkindly. Oliver stood up
and started to hit Noah hard. "Help!" shouted Noah. "He's killing me!" Mr and Mrs
Sowerberry ran in and pulled Oliver away from Noah. "Help me lock him in here," they said
to Noah. They pulled Oliver into a dark cellar and locked the door. "You poor boy," Mrs
Sowerberry said to Noah. "We must get Mr Bumble at once."
When Mr Bumble heard what had happened, he hurried to Mr Sowerberry's house and
knocked on the door to the cellar. "Oliver, do you know who's speaking?" he called loudly.
"Yes," said Oliver. "Aren't you afraid, Oliver?" he continued in a menacing voice. "No!" Mr
Bumble looked at Mr Sowerberry in surprise. "I understand the problem," said Mr Bumble.
"You've given him too much meat, Mrs Sowerberry. You've been too kind to him. Leave him
in this cellar without food for a few days, then feed him only soup," he advised. That night,
in the cold cellar, Oliver tried to cry himself to sleep yet again. But he felt too angry to sleep.
When the house was quiet, he went to the door and realised it was not locked. He waited
until it was just light and quietly opened the door. No one was awake and it was easy to
leave the house without anyone realising. He knew he could not stay in that place any
longer. His life was unbearable. It was time for him to run away.

101
 Questions & Answers
1. What is the setting (time and place) of Oliver Twist?
England (United Kingdom) in the 19th century.
2. Why did many people come to the towns?
To find work
3. Why did they go to the workhouses?
To have a bed and some sort of food.
4. Where was Oliver Twist born?
In a workhouse in a town in England
5. How was Oliver when he was born?
- He couldnt breathe .
6. How was Oliver's mother when she arrived at the workhouse?
She was ill and weak
1- What did Oliver's mother do before she died?
She kissed her baby gently and smiled
7. Where was Oliver sent after his mother's death?
to live with other orphans in an old house nearby
8. What were the orphans ?
the children of parents who had been destitute.
1- Who looked after the orphans?
Mrs Mann
9. Why didn't the boys have very much to eat?
Because Mrs Mann took some of the little money for herself
10. How was Oliver on his ninth birthday?
He was small and weak
11. Who was Mr Bumble?
an official from the workhouse
12. What was a workhouse ?
a place where the older children from poor families work for their food.
13. Why did Mr Bumble visit Mrs Mann?
Because Oliver was old enough to work for the workhouse
14. Why did Oliver cry when he left the old house?
Because he was sad to leave his friends and the only home he had ever known
15. Describe the boys working in the workhouse.
They were all as thin and weak. They wore old clothes that were too big for them.
16. What was the boys food at the workhouse?
thin soup
17. How did the managers of the workhouse punish Oliver when he asked for more food?
They locked him in a room and offered five pounds to anyone could take him away.
18. Why did Mr Sowerberry, the coffin maker decide to take Oliver ?

102
 Because he needed an apprentice
19. Why wasn't Mr Sowerberry happy when he saw Oliver?
Because he was very small
20. Show that Mrs Sowerberry didn't treat Oliver and Noah Claypole equally .
She asked Noah to sit by the fire to have some breakfast, but she gave Oliver a little
bread to eat it down below in the freezing cold.
21. Where did Oliver sleep when he went to Mr Sowerberry?
In the shop
22. Who woke Oliver up the next morning? How ?
Noah Claypole.By kicking the shop door
26- Describe Noah?
A tall boy with a red nose eating some bread.
23. Why wasn't Noah Claypole pleased with Oliver?
Because he was told to work inside when Oliver went out with Mr Sowerberry.
24. Why did Oliver attack and hit Noah?
Because he spoke badly about his mother .
25. What did Mr and Mrs Sowerberry do when they saw Oliver attacking Noah?
They pulled Oliver into a dark cellar and called Mr Bumble
26. What punishment did Mr Bumble suggest to Mr Sowerberry for Oliver?
They should leave him in this cellar without food for a few days, then feed him only soup
27. What was Oliver's problem in Mr bumble's point of view?
Mr and Mrs Sowerberry have given him too much meat,. They have been too kind to him
28. Why couldn't Oliver cry himself to sleep when he was in the cellar?
Because he felt too angry to sleep
29. Why couldn't Oliver stay with Mr Sowerberry any more?
Because his life was unbearable
30. w did Oliver run away from Mr Sowerberry's house?
He realised that the door was not locked . No one was awake

Quotations
1- "
1. What's the mother's name?
2. I don't know. She arrived at the workhouse last night,""She
was ill and weak when she came."
3. "Can I see my new baby?
4. Poor woman,"She was so beautiful. We'll never know who
she was."
5. Now Oliver's nine, you don't need to look after him," "He is
old enough to work for us in the workhouse."
6. Why are you crying? You're very lucky to work here," We'll
give you food and a bed for nothing."
7. Please, sir, I want some more

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8. What did you say?"
9. Please, sir, I want some more
10. If he is not happy with our generosity,", "he must leave."
11. Why are you crying?". "You should be happy to have the
opportunity to work with someone like Mr Sowerberry."
12. You have no what?"
13. ""I have no friends,"
14. He's very small, "
15. ""He is small, but he'll grow,"
16. "But it will cost money to feed him,"
17. Now get some sleep.You don't mind sleeping down in the
shop, do you?
18. Hello. I'm Noah Claypole You're from the workhouse, aren't
you?"
19. "I help Mr Sowerberry. You do what I say, Workhouse Boy.
Now open the shutters,"
20. "Why can't I have a good breakfast like Noah?"
21. What happened to your mother, Workhouse Boy?"
22. The nurse said she died of a broken heart."
23. "I heard she died in the workhouse because she was no
good at anything,"
24. "What did you say?"
25. Help!" "He's killing me!"
26. Help me lock him in here,"
27. You poor boy,". "We must get Mr Bumble at once."
28. Oliver, do you know who's speaking
29. "Aren't you afraid, ?"
30. You've given him too much meat. You've been too kind to
him. Leave him in this cellar without food for a few days, then
feed him only soup

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 Vocabulary
careful Stop! Thief
hide run away
relaxed crowd /
surely hurt
follow roughly
sign / police station
opportunities lock
for nothing police officer
cheerfully magistrate
expect puzzled /
poorer fainted
dirtier owner /
ugly waste time
pan / coach
fall asleep lady
wake up lie down
wooden box there's a dear : ()
jewellery several
awake painting /
nervously amazed
knife almost
gentleman throw
miser voice
funny shoulders
silk innocent
handkerchiefs innocence
take off the marks guilty
pretend kindness
shop windows bookshop
close to catch / caught
realise kind-hearted
wallet crime

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question commit a crime
practise get involved in
thieves dodger
Chapter 2
At first Oliver was careful to hide when he saw people in the street, thinking they would want
to take him back to Mr Sowerberry, but he relaxed after a few hours. Surely no one was
following him now.
He saw a sign which said "London, 70 miles." He did not know how long this would take to
walk, but he decided that London would be a good place for him to go. Even Mr Bumble would
not be able to find him in that great city he had heard of where there would be so many
opportunities for him. He followed the signs to London for seven days, sleeping in fields and
eating very little. Although a few kind people gave him food, he felt hungry and weak. Finally,
he sat down to rest in the street of a small village.
Another poor boy of about his age, who was wearing a man's coat and a tall hat, came and sat
next to him.
"You look hungry. Where are you going?" said the boy. "I'm going to London," Oliver replied.
"Have you got a room there? Or any money?" Oliver said that he had almost nothing. "Well, I
know a man who will give you work and a room for nothing," he said cheerfully. "My name's
Jack Dawkins," he continued, "although my friends call me the Artful Dodger." Jack seemed to
be kind. He bought Oliver a meal and then said he could show him the way to London, but only
when it was dark.
It was not too far to London, but it was not what Oliver had expected. Jack took Oliver through
streets that were poorer and dirtier than he had ever seen, and he thought perhaps he should
run away again. Then they arrived in front of an old house, and when Jack called out, a door
opened and they went inside.
Jack led him to a large and dark back room with a fire in one corner. Next to the fire, an ugly
old man with red hair was cooking something in a big pan. Four or five boys sat on old beds
around the fire.
"This is Oliver," said Jack. At once, the boys stood up and began to take Oliver's few things
from him.
The old man laughed. "I'm Fagin," he said. "Sit down and have some food."
Oliver sat by the fire and ate. Then, before he knew it, he fell asleep.
When he woke up, the room was quiet. He saw Fagin sitting at a table taking some things out
of a wooden box. He looked carefully at a gold watch and some expensive jewellery before
putting them back in the box. He then looked at Oliver. When he saw that Oliver was awake, he
jumped up and quickly closed the wooden box.
"What did you see?" he shouted, taking a knife in one hand.
"Nothing, sir," said Oliver nervously. "Can I get up now?"
"Yes, of course," said Fagin, putting the knife down again.
Oliver relaxed and looked around the room. He thought the old gentleman must be a miser to
live in such an old place, with so much jewellery and so many watches. He thought that
perhaps Fagin used all his money to look after the boys. At that moment, Jack Dawkins arrived
with a boy called Charley Bates.

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"I hope you've been at work this morning, boys," Fagin said when he saw them.
"We've been working hard," said Jack.
"Good. What have you got?" Fagin asked Jack.
Jack showed him some notebooks and Fagin looked at them carefully
"They're well made, aren't they?" Fagin said to Oliver.
"Yes, very well made," answered Oliver.
Fagin and the boys found this very funny, although Oliver did not know why. Then Charley
showed Fagin some silk handkerchiefs.
"They're good ones," said Fagin. "But they have marks on them. We can show Oliver how to
take off the marks." "Thank you, sir," said Oliver.
Charley laughed again and said, "The boy is so very young!"
"Let's have breakfast, then we'll show Oliver our little game," said Fagin.
When they had eaten, Fagin put a watch in one of his pockets, a notebook in another pocket
and a wallet in another. Then he walked around the room, pretending to be looking in shop
windows. Oliver thought that.this game was very funny. Jack and Charley then walked very
close to Fagin and without Oliver realising it, they suddenly had the watch, the notebook and
the wallet in their hands.
"Very good," said Fagin. "Now you try, Oliver."
Oliver walked behind Fagin and took a handkerchief from his pocket.
"Has it gone?" asked Fagin. "Well done, I felt nothing," he cried. "You're a clever boy. You'll
be as successful as the Artful Dodger."
Oliver did not understand how taking handkerchiefs could make you successful, but because
the old man was kind and gave him food, he did not question his advice.
After a few days of practising the game, Fagin told Oliver that he was ready to go out into the
streets of London with Charley and the Artful Dodger.
A few hours later, Oliver found himself in a strange London street with his two new friends. The
Artful Dodger pointed to a gentleman who was reading a book outside a bookshop. "Look!
He'll do," he said to Charley.
Oliver watched as the two boys walked quietly behind the gentleman and carefully took a
handkerchief from his pocket. Oliver suddenly understood why Fagin had so many watches and
silk handkerchiefs and such a lot of jewellery. The boys were thieves!
Before he knew what was happening, the gentleman turned round and called out, "Stop!
Thief!" Oliver started to run away, but now everyone in the street was pointing at him and
calling,
"Stop him! He's a thief!"
Suddenly Oliver fell over and a crowd of people stood all around him.
"Is this the boy?" someone called.
"Yes, that's him." Oliver saw the gentleman looking down at him.
"The poor boy is hurt," the man said. At that moment a policeman arrived and told Oliver to
stand up.
"It wasn't me!" cried Oliver.
"Oh, yes it was," called the policeman, who led Oliver roughly down the street. The crowd of
people and the gentleman followed the policeman down to the police station. "I don't think he
did it," said the gentleman as Oliver was locked in a room.
"Don't worry, sir," said a police officer. "A magistrate will see him soon. He'll decide."

107
The gentleman, who was called Mr Brownlow, was puzzled. Where had he seen the boy
before?
A little while later, Oliver was called to see the magistrate. When the magistrate heard what
had happened, it was quickly decided that Oliver should go to prison. On hearing the news,
Oliver felt ill and fainted. He was carried out of the room.
The magistrate was going to send everyone home when the owner of the bookshop suddenly
appeared. "It wasn't that boy!" he said to the magistrate. "It was two other boys. He was with
them, but he didn't take anything," he explained. "I saw the other boys running away."
"Why didn't you tell me this before?" called the magistrate. "Let the boy go free and stop
wasting my time."
As he left the building, Mr Brownlow saw Oliver lying down on the street outside. "Poor boy,"
he said. "Somebody call a coach. He must come home with me."
**
Oliver was carefully put inside a coach and taken to Mr Brownlow's house, but he did not
remember the journey.
Oliver was very ill. He slept for many days in a warm, comfortable bed in Mr Brownlow's large
house in a good part of London. When he at last woke up, he said, "What room is this?"
An old lady quickly appeared and smiled at hirm "You must be quiet, or you'll be ill again. Lie
down, there's a dear!" said the woman, Mrs Bedwin, who looked after the house.
So Oliver stayed in bed, and it was several days before he was well enough to go downstairs.
He walked slowly into a beautiful room and saw Mr Brownlow smiling at him.
"You look a little better," said Mr Brownlow. Then he looked puzzled again. "But what is this?
Look there."
He pointed to a painting of a pretty woman on the wall above Oliver's head. Oliver was
amazed. He could see that the
eyes, the head and the mouth were almost the same as his own.
**
After Oliver was taken by the policeman, Charley and the Artful Dodger ran quickly back to the
old house. Fagin was so angry to hear what had happened to Oliver that he threw a cup of
coffee at Charley.
"Stop wasting good coffee," said a deep voice. Fagin looked round and saw an angry looking
man with big, strong shoulders. "What are you doing, Fagin?" he shouted.
"Sorry, Bill," said Fagin, "but we have a problem."
He explained to Mr Sikes, or Bill, as Fagin called him, what had happened to Oliver. "Oliver will
probably tell the police where we are and what we do," explained Fagin.
"We need to speak to him quickly," said Mr Sikes. "The police don't know Nancy, so she can
go and find out what's happened," he suggested.
Nancy was a young woman who worked for Mr Sikes. She put on her best clothes and set off
for the police station, but when she got there, she was told that Oliver had gone.
"A police officer told me that he went somewhere in a coach with a gentleman called Mr
Brownlow," Nancy told Fagin when she got back.
When Fagin heard the news, he cried out, "We must find out where he is before he tells
anyone about us!"
He then gave Nancy and the Artful Dodger some money.
"Go and find Oliver. Don't stop until you find him, not even for a minute."

108
109
 Questions & answers
1- Why did Oliver decide to go to London?
- Because Mr Bumble would not be able to find him there

2- How did Oliver go to London?

- On foot. He followed the signs .

3- How did Oliver feel during his journey to London?

- He felt hungry and weak
4- Who helped Oliver to go to London? What was he like?
- Jack Dawkins, the Artful Dodger. He was wearing a man's coat and a tall hat.

5- How did Jack Dawkins seem to be kind to Oliver when they first met?
- He bought Oliver a meal

6- Who was Fagin? What was he like?

- He was the leader of a group of thieves .
- He was an ugly old man with red hair.

7- What did the boys do when Jack introduced Oliver to Fagin?

- They began to take Oliver's things from him.

8- What did Oliver see Fagin doing when he woke up ?

- Oliver saw Fagin taking some things out of a wooden box

9- What did Fagin do when he saw that Oliver was awake ?Why?
- He closed the box. He threatened Oliver with a knife

10- What did Oliver think about the way Fagin used all his money?
- Perhaps Fagin used all his money to look after the boys.

11- What would Fagin teach Oliver to do with the stolen handkerchiefs?
- He would show him how to take off the marks on them.
12- What was the game that Fagin played with the boys?
- It was how to steal watches, notebooks and handkerchiefs from people.
13- Why did Fagin praise Oliver?
- Because he could take a handkerchief from him without feeling anything.

14- When did Oliver realise that the boys were thieves
- When he saw the Artful Dodger and Charley steal a handkerchief from Mr Brownlow,

15- Why was Mr Brownlow puzzled when he first saw Oliver?

- He thought he had seen the boy before,

110
16- Why didn't the magistrate send Oliver to prison?
- the owner of the bookshop said that Oliver wasn't the thief but two other boys.
17- Why did Mr Brownlow take Oliver home?
- He was kind-hearted .

18- How was Oliver when he went to Mr Brownlow's house for the first time?
- He was very ill . He slept for many days.

19- Who was Mrs Bedwin?

- She was an old lady who looked after Mr Brownlow's house.

20- When the policeman took Oliver, What did Charley and the Artful do?
- They ran quickly back to the old house.

21- Why was Fagin so angry to hear that Oliver was caught by the police?
- He was afraid that Oliver would tell the police about the group of thieves.

22- Who was Bill Sikes?

- He was a thief and a friend of Fagin's.
He was an angry looking man with big, strong shoulders .

23- Who was Nancy?

- She was a young woman who worked for Mr Sikes.

24- Why did Mr Sikes suggest sending Nancy to the police station?
- To find out what had happened to Oliver.

25- Why did Fagin give some money to Nancy and the Artful Dodger?
- To look for Oliver and not to stop until they found him.

26- How did Fagin find out where Oliver was?

- He sent Nancy to the police station.

111
 Quotations

1- "You look hungry. Where are you going?"

1- Who said this to whom?
2- Where was the addressed person going?
3- What did the speaker do when he knew that the other person was
hungry?

2- "Well, I know a man who will give you work and a room for nothing."
1- Who said this?
2- To who was it said?
3- What kind of work will Oliver do for this man?

3- "What did you see?" he shouted , taking a knife in one hand.

1- Who said this o whom?
2- What was the other person's answer?
3- What did that person really see?

4- "I hope you've been at work this morning, boys."

1- Who said this to whom?
2- What kind of work were they doing?
3- What did Oliver think they had done?

5- "Let's have breakfast, then we'll show Oliver our little game."
1- Who said this o whom?
2- What did he mean by "our little game"?
3- What did Oliver think at first of this game?

6- ""Has it gone? Well done, I felt nothing. You're a clever boy. You'll be as
successful as the Artful Dodger."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- What does the pronoun "it" refer to ?
3- What did the addressed person fail to understand when he heard this?

7- "Stop him! He's a thief!"

1- Who said this? About whom was it said?
2- Was that person really a thief? Why / Why not?
3- Why was that person accused of being a thief?

8- ""Don't worry, sir. A magistrate will see him soon. He'll decide."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who would the magistrate see?
3- What would he decide about him??

112
9- "It wasn't that boy! It was two other boys. He was with them, but he didn't take
anything. "
1- Who said this?
2- Who is "that boy" and "two other boys"?
3- What happened as a result of these words?
10- ""Poor boy. Somebody call a coach. He must come home with me."
1- Who said these words?
2- Why did the speaker want to take Oliver to his house?
3- What does this show about the speaker's character?
11- "Lie down, there's a dear."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- What was the speaker's job?
3- Why did the speaker ask the other person to lie down?
(10)
12- "Stop wasting good coffee."
1- Who said this?
2- To whom was this said?
3- Why did the speaker say so?
13- "Sorry, Bill, but we have a problem."
1- Who said these words?
2- Why did the speaker apologize ?
3- What problem did they have?
14- "We need to speak to him quickly."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who did they need to speak to?
3- Why did they need to speak to him quickly?

15- "The police don't know Nancy, so she can go and find out what's
happened."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who was Nancy?
3- What did Nancy find out?
16- "A police officer told me that he went somewhere in a coach with a
gentleman called Mr Brownlow."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who were they talking about?
3- Why did they want to find that person?
17- ("Don't stop until you find him, not even for a minute."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who did they want to find?
3- Why did they want to find that person?

113
 CHAPTER 3
worry / at least
protest gang
describe plans
pay for indeed
let / countryside
bookshop expect
one pound change What for
go straight to it's no good
thieves choice
come back follow
looked worried set off
grab / knock
in surprise fall sleep
run away from pick up
appear gun
lead / led fireside
five pound note 5 brick wall
troubles break into
good to menacingly
steal/stole / stolen point to
held on to adult
beat climb
stick get into
thief upstairs
call / push
look surprised space
hit strange
lock rob
angrily bang
advertisement pull /
interest shoot

CHAPTER 3

When Oliver woke up the next day, he found that the painting of the woman on the wall
had gone. "We took it down because it seemed to worry you," said Mrs Bedwin.
"But I liked it," protested Oliver. "Get well, then, Oliver, and we can put it back." A few
days later, when Oliver was almost completely better, Mr Brownlow bought him some new
clothes. Then, one day, he sat down with Oliver and asked the boy about his life. Oliver
started to tell Mr Brownlow about his time at the workhouse but suddenly there was a
knock at the door. An old gentleman in a blue coat entered the room. "Oliver, this is my
friend Mr Grimwig," said Mr Brownlow. "Hello, is this the boy you told me about?" said

114
the man when he saw Oliver. "Yes," said Mr Brownlow, and he began to tell Mr Grimwig all
about Oliver. He had not quite finished describing Oliver's life when Mrs Bedwin came into
the room with some books. "We need to pay for these new books, Mr Brownlow," she
said. "Send the boy to pay for them," said Mr Grimwig. "Yes, do let me help you, sir," said
Oliver. "Of course," said Mr Brownlow. "Here's five pounds. Take the money to the
bookshop. I need one pound change. Some of the books need to go back, too." Oliver
was very pleased to help Mr Brownlow. He took the money, put the books under his arm
and then left. "Do you really think he'll come back?" asked Mr Grimwig. "Of course," said
Mr Brownlow. "Don't you?" "He has new clothes, some books and five pounds. The boy
will go straight to his friends the thieves and never come back." "I'm sure he'll be back
soon," said Mr Brownlow. But he looked worried.
Oliver was enjoying his walk to the bookshop when suddenly; a strange woman
grabbed him by the arm. "There you are!" she said. "I've found him!" "What are you
stopping me for?'' asked Oliver in surprise. Let go of me." Some people in the street
began to look at them. "He's run away from home," the woman explained to them. "I'm
taking him back to his mother and father." Then a man appeared who seemed to know
the woman and said, "Come with me, Oliver, you bad boy." Oliver was not strong enough
to run away, and he was led away by the man, who was Mr Sikes, and the woman, who
was Nancy. For half an hour Oliver was led like this through busy streets until they reached
an old shop. Oliver was taken inside and there he saw Fagin, Charley and the Artful
Dodger. When the boys saw him, they started laughing. "Look at his clothes and books!
What a gentleman!" laughed Charley. "We must give you different clothes so those don't
get dirty," said Fagin. "And I will have this five pound note for our troubles," said Mr
Sikes, taking the money from Oliver's pocket. "You can have the books, Fagin." "Please,
take the books and money back to Mr Brownlow," said Oliver. "He has been so good to
me. He'll think I stole them!" "You're right, Oliver. He will think you stole them!" laughed
Fagin.
Oliver tried to escape, but Mr Sikes held on to him and began to beat him with a stick.
"Don't do that to the boy!" cried Nancy. "He's already a thief like me. You've got his
money. Leave him alone or Ill call the police!" Mr Sikes looked surprised, but stopped
hitting Oliver. "Take his clothes and lock him in a room;" he said angrily. Oliver was kept in
the room until the middle of the next day, when Fagin let him out. He told Oliver how kind
he had been to him when he arrived in London. He also told Oliver that, if he said anything
to the police, things would not be so good for him. A few days after Oliver had been taken
back to Fagin's, Mr Bumble was in London on the day that an advertisement came out in a
newspaper. It asked for any information people had about a lost boy called Oliver Twist.
Mr Bumble read this with interest, then asked people how to find Mr Brownlow's house.
When he got there, he told him all he knew about the bad and difficult boy that he knew
so well. "I told you he was a bad one," said Mr Grimwig. "Sadly, you were right," said Mr
Brownlow. "I do not want to hear his name ever again."
One day at Fagin's, the Artful Dodger asked Oliver to clean his boots. Oliver did not
like doing these things, but at least he had people to talk to. "Why don't you join our

115
gang? " the Artful Dodger asked Oliver. "Take things and you'll be rich. If you don't take
people's watches, someone else will." "I would prefer to go back to Mr Brownlow's," said
Oliver. "Fagin won't like that," said Charley. "He has plans for you." Indeed, at the same
time in another house in London, Fagin was planning something for Oliver with Mr Sikes.
And he was going to do more than take people's watches. "We need a boy to help us to
get inside a large house in the countryside," said Mr Sikes. "Then use Oliver," said Fagin.
"He'll be just right for the job. Nancy can bring him to your house tonight."
Oliver did not expect to see Nancy when she arrived at Fagin's that evening. "You
must come with me to Mr Sikes's house," she said. "What for?'' asked Oliver. "It is better
that you don't ask," said Nancy. She looked at Oliver and could see that he was worried.
"Look," she said, "I'm not happy about this either. I've tried to help you, but it's no good.
I'll try and help you again, but this is not the time. Now, come with me." So, Oliver had
no choice and he followed Nancy to Mr Sikes's house. The next morning, after breakfast,
Mr Sikes took Oliver by the hand and they set off into a cold, cloudy morning. They
travelled all day, sometimes walking and sometimes going by coach. It was dark when they
finally arrived at an old house somewhere in the country. Mr Sikes did not knock, but
opened the door and they went inside. "Mr Sikes!" said a voice. Oliver looked up and saw
a man with long hair, who told him to sit by the fire. "Hello, Toby Crackit," said Mr Sikes.
"This is the boy who can help us tonight." "Good. Now let's rest by the fire," said Toby.
The fire was warm and it had been a long day, so Oliver soon began to fall sleep. At
half past one in the morning, Mr Sikes woke Oliver up 1 from a deep sleep. Oliver watched
as Mr Sikes and Toby each picked up a gun, then they told him to go with them. They left
the warm fireside and went outside into a dark night. They then walked for some time
through the countryside. It was cold and Oliver did not know where they were. Eventually,
they stopped by a high brick wall. "Climb up!" ordered Toby, and Oliver followed him up
onto the wall. From the top of the wall, Oliver could see a large house in front of him and
finally understood what they were going to do. They were going to break into the house.
"Please, no! Don't ask me to do this!" Oliver cried. "Be quiet. Do as I tell you or there'll be
trouble," said Sikes menacingly, and he pointed to his gun to make sure Oliver understood
what the trouble would be.
Oliver followed the two thieves across the gardens to a small window at the bottom of
the house. It was too small for any adult to climb through, but it was not too small for a
child. They easily broke it open and there was now a small space for Oliver to get into the
house. "Take this light and go upstairs, then you can open the front door for us," said Mr
Sikes. They pushed Oliver through the space in the window and Oliver began to walk into
the dark house. Suddenly, Oliver heard someone inside the house shout something. Then
there was a loud bang. "Come back!" cried Mr Sikes, who took Oliver's arm and pulled him
back through the space in the window. "What's happened?" Toby asked. "The boy's been
shot!" said Sikes. "Quick, run!"

116
 Questions & answers

1- Why was the painting of the woman taken down ?

- Because it seemed to worry Oliver.

2- What did Mrs Bedwin promise Oliver to do in case he got well?

- to put the painting back .

3- Who was Mr Grimwig?

- He was Mr Brownlow's friend.

4- Why did Mr Brownlow send Oliver to the bookshop ?

- To pay for some books and to return some others.

5- What did Mr Brownlow give Oliver when he sent him to the bookshop?
- He gave him five pounds and some books.

6- Why did Mr Grimwig think that Oliver wouldn't return?

- Because he would return to the thieves . He had money, new clothes and books.

7- What happened to Oliver while he was walking to the bookshop?

- Nancy and Mr Sikes kidnapped him .

8- What did Nancy tell the people who saw her grab Oliver?
-Oliver had run away from home .

9- What did the boys do when they saw Oliver in his new clothes?
- They started to take his few things.
10- What did Fagin and Sikes do with Oliver's clothes ,the money and the books?
- Fagin took the new clothes and the books while Mr Sikes took the money.

11- Why did Oliver beg Fagin to take the things back to Mr Brownlow?
- Because Mr Brownlow was good to him

12- What did Mr Sikes do to Oliver when he tried to escape?

- He started to beat him with a stick .
13- Show that Nancy was kind to Oliver.
- She asked Mr Sikes to stop hitting Oliver and threatened to call the police .

14- Why did Mr Brownlow put an advertisement in the newspaper?

- to get any information about Oliver Twist.
15- What did Mr Bumble do when he read the advertisement in the newspaper?
- He told Brownlow all he knew about Oliver.
16- What plans did Fagin have for Oliver?
- To help Sikes to rob a house.

17- What did Oliver do when the Artful Dodger asked him to join their gang.

117
 - He refused saying that he would prefer to go back to Mr Brownlow's.
18- Show how Nancy sympathised with Oliver.
- She tried to help Oliver and promised to help him again.
19- Where did Mr Sikes take Oliver when they set off into a cold morning?
- to an old house in the country where they met Toby Crackit.
20- Who was Toby Crackit?
- He was a thief in Fagin's gang.
21- Why did Mr Sikes wake Oliver up from a deep sleep at half past one?
- They were going to break into a house in the countryside .
22- Did Oliver want to help the gang to rob the house? Explain.
- No, but Sikes told him to be quiet and threatened him with his gun .
23- Why did Sikes and Crackit need Oliver to help the gang to break into the house?
- to get through the small window.
24- Where was the house that Sikes and Crackit want to rob?
- It was in the countryside.
25- What happened when Oliver went inside the house?
- Oliver was shot.
1- Quotations
1 "We took it down because it seemed to worry you." Mrs Bedwin to Oliver

2
"Get well, then, Oliver, and we can put it back." Mrs Bedwin to Oliver
"Hello, is this the boy you told me about?" Mr Grimwig to Brownlow
3
"We need to pay for these new books." Mrs Bedwin to Brownlow
4
"Yes, do let me help you, sir.". Oliver to Mr Brownlow
5
6
I need one pound change. Some of the books need to go back, too Mr Brownlow to Oliver
"Do you really think he'll come back?" Mr Grimwig to Brownlow
7
8 "He has new clothes, some books and five pounds." Mr Grimwig to Brownlow

9 "I'm sure he'll go back soon." Brownlow to Mr Grimwig

10 "There you are! I've found him!" Nancy to Mr Sikes
"Let go of me." Oliver to Nancy
11
"He's run away from home. I'm taking him back to his mother and Nancy to people in street
12
father"
"Come with me, Oliver, you bad boy." Mr Sikes to Oliver
13
14
"Look at his clothes and books! What a gentleman." Charley to Dodger ,Fagin

15 "And I will have this five pound note for our troubles." Mr Sikes to Fagin
16 "Please, take the books and money back to Mr Brownlow." Oliver to Fagin and Sikes.
"Don't do that to the boy! He's already a thief like me." Nancy to Mr Sikes
17
18 "Take his clothes and lock him in a room," he said angrily. Mr Sikes to Fagin
19

20 118
21
 "I told you he was a bad one." Mr Grimwig to Brownlow
"Sadly, you were right. I do not want to hear his name ever again. " Brownlow to Mr Grimwig
"Why don't you join our gang? Take things and you'll be rich." Dodger to Oliver.
"I would prefer to go back to Mr Brownlow's." Oliver to Dodger
"We need a boy to help us to get inside a large house in the Mr Sikes to Fagin.
countryside."
"You must come with me to Mr Sikes's house. It's better that you don't Nancy to Oliver
ask."
"I'm not happy about this either. I've tried to help you, but it's no Nancy to Oliver
good. I'll try and help you again, but this is not the time. Now, come
with me. "
"This is the boy who can help us tonight." Sikes to Toby Crackit
"Climb up!" Toby to Oliver.
"Be quiet. Do as I tell you or there'll be trouble." Mr Sikes to Oliver
Take this light and go upstairs, then you can open the front door for us" Mr Sikes to Oliver
"The boy's been shot. Quick, run." Mr Sikes to Toby

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 Chapter (4)

Vocabulary
robbery helpless
follow generosity
shoot / shot / shot awake
chase realise
nervously prison
cruel get him into trouble
blame detective
gang examine
unconscious magistrate
hurt join
towards send for
knock on upstairs
servant choice
cook protect from
thieves thankful
thief water
take hold of lucky
lady safe
pretty point to
patient sign
bondage the West Indies
wonder workhouse
criminal locket

Chapter (4)

Toby Crackit and Mr Sikes ran all through the night after the robbery. To make it harder for
anyone who was following them, they decided to run to different places. Mr Sikes stayed
in the country, but Toby Crackit went to London to find Fagin. When Toby told Fagin that
the robbery had not been successful, Fagin was not at all happy. "But where's the boy?"
he asked. "After he was shot, we carried him through some fields," said Toby, "but
people were chasing us. So we left him there, in a field."
Fagin was very worried by this news. He visited Mr Sikes's house, but Nancy had no news
of Mr Sikes or Oliver.
When Fagin returned, a tall man was waiting for him outside his house. He had dark hair
and dark eyes and looked around nervously, as if he thought people were chasing him. He
looked cruel. "Hello, Monks!" said Fagin. "Come inside." Fagin took the man to a quiet
room in his house and told him what had happened. "This was not well planned," cried
Monks. "Why didn't you keep the boy with your gang?"
"Mr Sikes had a job for him," explained Fagin. "And you should be happy I found him!"

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"What if the boy's dead?" asked Monks. "The police will look for us!"
But Oliver was not dead, he had only been unconscious. He woke up and found himself in
the cold field where Mr Sikes and Toby Crackit had left him. It was morning and it was
raining hard. His arm hurt badly and he was so weak that he found it difficult to stand up.
Slowly he walked towards the house he had visited the night before and after some
minutes, he knocked on the door.
Two servants, Mr Brittles and Mr Giles, were telling the cook about the robbery in the
night and how they had chased the thieves. They were surprised to hear the knock and Mr
Brittles opened the door nervously. When they saw Oliver, Brittles called, "Here's the
thief!" and quickly took hold of Oliver's arm (luckily the arm that was not injured).
Mr Giles went to tell the lady of the house, Mrs Maylie, what had happened. "We've got
the thief that I shot!" Mr Giles said proudly.
"Is he hurt? We must get a doctor at once," said Rose, a pretty girl of seventeen who lived
with Mrs Maylie. "Carry him up to your room, Mr Giles," said Mrs Maylie.
A doctor, Dr Losberne, soon arrived and said how surprised he was to hear about the
robbery before he went to see the patient.
After about an hour, he returned to the two women who were waiting patiently
downstairs. "I think you should come and see the thief," said the doctor. "You do not
need to be afraid."
The women went up to the bedroom nervously. They thought they would see a big, strong
man and were very surprised to see a small sleeping boy with a bandage on his arm.
"How can such a young boy be a criminal?" cried Rose.
"Evil can live in anybody," said the doctor sadly.
"Be kind to him, aunt," said Rose. "He looks so helpless and small. If it hadn't been for
your generosity, I might be helpless like this small child!" "Let's wait until the boy can
talk to us," said the doctor. "Then we can decide what to do with him."
Oliver slept for most of that day, but later, the doctor suggested that the women come up
to his room. The boy was awake and wanted to talk to them. They listened as Oliver told
them all about his life. When Dr Losberne heard Oliver's story, he realised that the poor
boy needed to be helped. But the servants knew the boy was a thief. What could Dr
Losberne say to the servants?
"You shot the boy, didn't you?" he said to Mr Giles when he went downstairs. "Yes,
doctor. He isn't going to die, is he? Will I go to prison?" said the servant, looking worried.
The doctor now had a plan. If Mr Giles was worried that the boy could get him into
trouble, the servant might not want to call the police.
But this first plan did not work because at that moment, Mr Brittles said, "Here they are!
It's the detectives from London. I called them this morning."
Two men with short hair and big boots walked into the room. "My name is Detective
Blathers," said one of them. "Tell me about the robbery. I hear you have a boy here, one
of the thieves."
"No, One of the servants made a mistake," said the doctor.

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"So where did the boy come from?" asked Detective Duff, the other detective. "Let's talk
about the boy later," said the doctor quickly. "Come and look at the window where the
thieves entered." The detectives went off to examine the house.
"I want to help the boy, but I don't know what to say to the detectives!" the doctor said
to Mrs Maylie. "Tell them the boy's story," said Mrs Maylie. "You believe him, don't you?"
"I believe him," said the doctor, "but it would not stop a magistrate from sending him to
prison. He has run away from the place where he worked, then he joined a gang of
thieves and tried to break into a house!"
"Oh dear! Why did Mr Brittles send for these men?" cried Rose.
"We must not tell them Oliver's story," said the doctor.
The detectives were good at their job. When they returned, Detective Blathers said, "We
think the criminals were from the city. Probably two men and a boy."
"We want to see the boy upstairs," said Detective Duff. The doctor had no choice but to
lead the men to the boy's room. As they walked upstairs, he quickly thought of another
plan.
"This is the boy who hurt his arm yesterday and came here for help this morning," said
Dr Losberne, introducing Oliver. "Mr Giles then took hold of the poor boy. He thought it
was one of the thieves."
"You mean it's not the same boy?" asked Detective Blathers, looking at Mr Giles. "Did you
shoot this boy or not?"
Mr Giles looked at Dr Losberne. He knew the doctor's story was not true. Was the doctor
protecting him from the police because he had shot someone?
"Perhaps I made a mistake," said Mr Giles.
"If it's not the same boy, why are we here?" cried Detective Duff.
The two detectives left that night, angry that they had not caught the thief. They said they
would return if they discovered more information.
Dr Losberne visited the family every day while Oliver was ill. After some time, Oliver's arm
began to get better, and he wanted to show how thankful he was to these kind people
who had helped him.
"Can I work for you?" he asked Rose one day. "Let me water your flowers or do
something to make you happy."
"You don't need to do anything," said Rose, smiling. "I'm lucky because I have an aunt
who has enough money to help people like you."
"I am very happy to be here," said Oliver. "Mr Brownlow and his friends would love to
know that I am safe here."
Dr Losberne got to hear of Oliver's feelings, and when he was completely better, he
offered to take him by coach to Mr Brownlow's house. Oliver was very excited. He was
looking forward to seeing the kind man who had helped him in London. He wanted to
explain what had happened to his books and his money. It was a long journey. When they
finally reached the street where Mr Brownlow lived, Dr Losberne looked at Oliver and
asked, "What's the matter? You look white. Are you feeling ill?"

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Oliver pointed to a sign on the door of Mr Brownlow's house. It said "Sold." Dr Losberne
got out of the coach and asked a neighbour what had happened.
"Mr Brownlow has moved," said the neighbour. "He went to the West Indies six weeks
ago."
At about the same time as Oliver was on his way back from London, a woman was making
a cup of tea to help keep herself warm. Her name was Mrs Corney and she was in charge
of the workhouse where Oliver was born. There was a knock at the door and a poor
woman came in.
"Excuse me, Miss. Nurse Sally does not have much time."
"What's that to me?" said Mrs Corney, "I can't keep her alive, can I?"
"No, Miss, but she says she wants to tell you something important."
Mrs Corney was not happy to leave her warm room to visit the sick old woman in her cold
room. She saw Nurse Sally lying in bed and she realised she was very ill, so she went up to
her bedside.
"I must tell you something," said Nurse Sally quietly. "When I was younger, I was a nurse
to a woman who died here."
"Yes, you helped many people here," agreed Mrs Corney. "The workhouse was the wrong
place for her," Nurse Sally continued. "She was rich enough for a good hospital. I stole
from her before she died!"
Mrs Corney began to look at the old nurse with interest. "What did you steal?" she asked.
"This woman had a gold locket! She asked me to take the gold for the child, who was
called Oliver. She asked me to ...."
"What did she ask you to do?" said Mrs Corney, moving closer, but it was too late. The old
nurse was dead.

Questions & answers

1- What happened to Crackit,Sikes,and Oliver after the robbery ?

- They ran to different places. Mr Sikes stayed in the country, Toby went to London.

2- Why did Toby and Sikes decide to run to different places?

To make it harder for anyone to follow them.

3- Why was Fagin not at all happy?

- Because the robbery had not been successful.

4- What did Toby and Mr Sikes do with Oliver after he had been shot?
- They left him in a field because people were chasing them

5- Describe Monks.
- He is tall, with dark hair and dark eyes. He looks cruel .
6- What did Monks blame Fagin for?
- He blamed him for not keeping Oliver with his gang .

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7- Why was Monks worried when he knew that Oliver had been shot?
- Because if Oliver died, the police would look for them.

8- What were Mr. Brittles and Mr. Giles?

They were two servants for Mrs. Maylie.

9- Who was Rose ?

A young pretty girl of seventeen who lived with Mrs. Maylie.

10- Who was Mrs. Maylie?

The owner of the house that the gang tried to rob.

11- How did Mrs Maylie and Rose treat Oliver "the thief" ?
- They treated him kindly . They got a doctor to look after him.

12- How did Dr Losberne explain that a young boy can be a criminal ?
- He said that evil can live in anybody.

13- What did Rose ask Mrs Maylie to do to Oliver? Why?

- She asked her to be kind to him because he was helpless and small.

14- Why did the doctor refuse to tell the police Oliver's story?
- A magistrate would send Oliver to prison .

15- Who were Detective Blathers and Detective Duff?

They were the detectives who came from London to catch the thief.

16- How were the detectives good at their work?

They knew that the criminals were two men and a boy.

17- What was Dr Losberne's second plan to protect Oliver from the police?
- Mr Giles caught the boy by mistake thinking that he was one of the thieves.

18- How did Oliver try to show how thankful he was to Mrs Maylie and Rose?
- He offered to work for them. He asked to water their flowers .

19- Why did Rose say that she was lucky?

- Because she had an aunt who had enough money to help helpless people like Oliver.

20- Why was Oliver excited when Dr Losberne offered to take him to Mr
Brownlow's house?
- to see the kind man who had helped him in London.
-to explain what had happened to his books and his money.

21- Why was Oliver shocked when he reached Mr. Brownlow's house?
- Because there was a sign on Mr Brownlow's house. It said "Sold."

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22- What did Mr Brownlow's neighbour tell Dr Losberne about Mr Brownlow?
- Mr Brownlow went to the West Indies six weeks before.

23- Who was Mrs Corney?

- She was in charge of the workhouse where Oliver was born.

24- Why did Mrs Corney leave her room to visit the sick old woman?
- Because the old woman wanted to tell her something important.

25- What did Nurse Sally tell Mrs Corney about Oliver's mother?
- Oliver's mother was rich enough for a good hospital.
- She admitted stealing a gold locket from Oliver's mother.

Quotations
1. "But where's the boy?"
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Which boy was the speaker referring to ?
3- What was the listener's answer?

2. "After he was shot, we carried him through some fields."

1- Who said this to whom?
2- Why was shot? Why?
3- What did they do after carrying through some fields?

3. "This was not well planned."

1- Who said this to whom?
2- What was the speaker talking about?
3- Why did the speaker say that it was not well planned?

4. "Mr Sikes had a job for him. And you should be happy I found him!"
1- Who said this to whom?
2- For whom did Mr Sikes have a job?
3- What was that job that Mr Sikes had for that person?

5. "What if the boy's dead? The police will look for us!
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who would the police look for if that boy was dead?
3- Why was it likely that this boy would die?

6. "Here's the thief!

1- Who said this to whom?
2- Where were they then?
3- Who was accused of being a thief? Why?
7. "We've got the thief that I shot!"
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who did the speaker shoot?

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3- How could they get that "thief"?

8. "Is he hurt? We must get a doctor at once."

1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who were they talking about? Why was he hurt?
3- Who was the doctor that they got?
9. "I think you should come and see the thief. You don't need to be afraid."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- What did the listeners expect the thief to be like?
4- What did the thief turn out to be like?
10. "How can such a young boy be a criminal?"
1- Who said this to whom?
2- What reply did the speaker get to this question?
3- Was that boy really a criminal? State why.
11. "Yes, doctor. He isn't going to die, is he?"
1- Who said this to whom?
5- Why was it probable that this person would die?
2- Why was the speaker worried then?
12. "Here they are! It's the detectives from London."
1- Who said this o whom?
2- Where did these detectives arrive?
3- Why did the detectives go there?
13. "We must not tell them Oliver's story."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- What did them refer to?
3- Why did the speaker refuse to tell these people Oliver's story?
14. "Excuse me, Miss. Nurse Sally doesn't have much time. "
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Why did Nurse Sally not have much time?
3- What did Nurse Sally want to do then?
15. "No, Miss, but she says she wants to tell you something important."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- What does the pronoun "she" refer to?
3- About whom was that important thing?
16. "When I was younger, I was a nurse to a woman who died here."
1- Who said these words? To whom?
2- What did the speaker say about that woman?
3- Why couldn't the speaker complete her story about that woman?
17. "This woman had a gold locket! She asked me to take the gold for the child."
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who was that child?
3- What did the speaker do with the gold locket?

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 Quotations

"But where's the boy?" Fagin to Toby

"After he was shot, we carried him through some fields." Toby to Fagin.
"This was not well planned." Monks to Fagin
"Mr Sikes had a job for him.And you should be happy I found Fagin to Monks.
him!"
"What if the boy's dead? The police will look for us! Monks to Fagin
"Here's the thief! Brittles to Mr Giles , the cook
"We've got the thief that I shot!" Mr Giles to Mrs Maylie , Rose
"Is he hurt? We must get a doctor at once." Rose to Mr Giles , Mrs Maylie
"I think you should come and see the thief. You don't need to Dr Losberne to Mrs Maylie
be afraid." and Rose
"How can such a young boy be a criminal?" Rose to Dr Losberne ,Mrs Maylie
"He looks so helpless and small. If it hadn't been for your Rose to Mrs Maylie.
generosity, I might be helpless like this small child!"
"Let's wait until the boy can talk to us. Then we can decide Dr Losberne to Mrs Maylie
what to do with him." and Rose
"You shot the boy, didn't you?" Dr Losberne to Mr Giles
"Yes, doctor. He isn't going to die, is he?" Mr Giles to Dr Losberne
"Here they are! It's the detectives from London." Brittles to Dr Losberne ,Mr Giles
"I want to help the boy, but I don't know what to say to the Dr Losberne to Mrs Maylie
detectives."
"We must not tell them Oliver's story." Dr Losberne to Mrs Maylie,Rose
"This is the boy who hurt his arm yesterday and came here forDr Dr Losberne to Detective Duff
help this morning." and Detective Blathers
"You don't need to do anything. I'm lucky because I have an Rose to Oliver.
aunt who has enough money to help people like you. "
"What's the matter? You look white. Are you feeling ill?" Dr Losberne to Oliver
"Excuse me, Miss. Nurse Sally doesn't have much time. " poor woman, to Mrs Corney.
"No,Miss, but she says she wants to tell you something A poor woman to Mrs
important." Corney
"When I was younger,I was nurse to a woman who died here" Nurse Sally to Mrs Corney
"She was rich enough for a good hospital. I stole from her Nurse Sally to Mrs Corney
before she died!"
"I stole from her before she died." Nurse Sally to Mrs Corney
"This woman had a gold locket! She asked me to take the Nurse Sally to Mrs Corney
gold for the child."

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