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/ .
-.
.loudspeakers :
Public Address .Sound Reinforcement
Public Address:
.
.
.
.Sound Reinforcement:
Sound Reinforcement
.
Sound Reinforcement
audiences
.
-
.
4
Sound
Public Address
.
Reinforcement
:
- one microphone
- one amplifier
- one loudspeaker
.
:
- Microphone
) (amplification .
:
)(Omnidirectional
.
.
.
feedback ) (.
5
)(Bidirectional
) (
.figure of eight :
)(Cardioid microphones
.
.Live Performance
)(Supercardioid microphones
.
Gain .Feedback
6
- amplifier
amplifier
input
Speakers
Mixer amplifier
Mixer amplifier input :
7
Amplifier
.
Amplifier .
public
address Amplifier
.Speakers
100 Amplifier
200 - 150.
Amplifier Speakers
clip distortion
Harmonics . speaker
_ loudspeakers
loudspeaker
)cone
( .
loudspeaker
:
-1 Wall Loudspeakers
-2 Ceiling Loudspeakers
-3 Suspended Loudspeakers
-4 Column loudspeakers
-5 Horn Loudspeakers
.
8
.
:
reverberation time
.
reinforcement system
Loudspeakers
.
.
15
.
: Ambient Noise
.Ambient Noise
.
.
-1 Wall Loudspeakers
Wall Loudspeakers
Ceiling Loudspeakers
.
6 - 4
.
Wall Loudspeakers
1.8
2 4 6.
10
4 9
.
4 6 8
12.
11
-2 Ceiling Loudspeakers
.
Ceiling Loudspeakers
.
3.5
2.5
5
7.
12
-3 Suspended Loudspeakers
4
.
2.5 3.5
.
-4 Column loudspeakers
13
sound reinforcement
.
) (
.
Column loudspeakers
Column
.
15
.
2
3 4
:
14
-5 Horn Loudspeakers
) bass response 60Hz (250 Hz
15 .
.
Horn Loudspeakers
.
15
.
:
.%99
-1 ambient noise :
70.
-2 10
80.
-3 80
4
Speaker Specifications
sensitivity
sensitivity
) (1W/1m
1 :
16
sensitivity
) (1 W @ 1 m 86
80 86
86 4
.
) (1 6 .
) (2 3
.
86 2
6 80 =6-86
4
74 =6-80.
2
74 3 = 79.
4
= 82 dB
.
= 96
. :
ceiling speakers
5 6 .
17
5 6
.
amplifier
%25 %100.
30 3
amplifier 90 %25 112.5
120 . 180
.
.
.
:
Public Address system :
.
70 dB
6
Tap 3.
.
.
18
5 12 3
6
.
loudspeakers
3.
50 150
150 amplifier %50 amplifier
225 240 . 2
amplifier 120.
:
: .
:
.
.
19
.
Rated Power :
6 3
. Fixed
.
: Impedance Power
amplifier
amplifier
Power Overheating
amplifier Power amplifier
.Loudspeaker amplifiers
4 16
.
20
: Frequency Response
Frequency Response
.
20Hz 20KHz
. :
150Hz 20KHz
graph Frequency Response
graph .
500Hz
4KHz
.4KHz
.
21
.
.
: sensitivity .
polar response
500Hz ) (
0dB
40 8
90 ) (
.
4000
30 . .
22
:
Cartridge Type :
Dynamic microphones :
Condenser microphones :
Dynamic microphones Coil
.
Condenser microphones
amplifier .preamplifier
23
Condenser microphones Dynamic
.microphones
Frequency Response :
.
Sensitivity of microphone :
.
.
.
) 51 dBV/Pa (2.8 mV
Pascal 94
pressure 1
2.8 -51
reference
94 51
.
Table Top Call station
condenser preamplifier
(Push To Talk) PTT .
24
amplifier
amplifier :
output power
Frequency Response
FR
.
Output impedance
4 8 16.
Power supply
AC 220V, 50Hz, DC 24V
.
25
:
:
CD/DVD Player + Radio AM/FM
Mixeramplifier amplifier
120 120 +
26
Zone selector
.zone
.
Supplying, installing, connecting and testing of
loud speakers and volume control outlets
including 20 mm upvc re retardant conduits,
conduit ngs, 2x1.5 mm2 Armored .and laying
of necessary quantity of power cable, power
points and suitable PVC pipes required for
connecting the system
8 zones
27
transformer
28