K thut du kh i cng

Cu 1: S hnh thnh tch t HC

- c mt tch t HC hay hnh thnh nn mt tch t HC cn hi t 3 iu kin a cht l
c ngun sinh, tng chn v tng cha.
- V ngun gc ca HC c cc quan nim ph bin thuc hu c hoc v c. Cc gii thuyt v
ngun gc v c cho rng HC thnh to trong v tri t nh phn ng kt hp gia hydro v
carbon trong iu kin p sut, nhit cao v khng c cc hp cht hu c. Trong khi
thuyt hu c cho rng HC c to thnh t xc ng vt iu kin nhit cao v thiu oxy.
- Sau khi to thnh HC theo nguyn tc phn ly trng lc s di chuyn, ni ln trong nc c sn
trong cc l hng, khe nt ca t , chng no t cn iu kin cho du chuyn ng v
cc t thng l cc tng cha hi t 2 iu kin c rng v thm. Cc cha
ph bin l trm tch nh ct, ct, vi, coonglomerat. Cn trong bin cht v macma
t tm thy cc tch t c gi tr thng mi. Tuy vy nc ta hin nay th sn lng du kh
phn ln li c tm thy trong macma phun tro nt n, l cc tng mng thuc b Cu
Long.
- Cc tch t c hnh thnh khi dng HC b cc tng chn chn li. l cc tng c
rng song HC khng thm qua c m thng thng l st hoc cc thuc nhm st. Cc
tng ny to thnh cc by du kh nh : by cu to, by mn chn, by kin to, by a tng

Cu 3: Tnh cht collector ca cha.

nh gi kh nng thng mi mt tng sn phm cn cn c vo hai c th c bn l kh

nng cha v kh nng truyn dn cht lu. Ni mt cch khc, cha phi c kh nng tch
ly cht lu, ng thi khi c s mt cn bng t nhin bi cc ging khoan, cht lu c th chy
vi cc gradien p sut b. Hai kh nng ny c nh gi qua rng, bo ha v thm.
* rng: = Vl rng / V *100%
- rng tuyt i ( ton phn ) : = Vtt c khe rng / V *100%
- rng tng i : t = Vcc khe rng lin thng vi nhau / V * 100%
- rng hiu dng : hd = Vcc khe rng lien thng vi nhau m trong cht lu c th di chuyn c / V *100%
rng hiu dng l quan trng nht.
* bo ha: l lng cht lu cha trong khe rng.
S = Vcht lu / Vrng
Bao gm : bo ha du ( So ) ; bo ha nc ( Sw ) ; bo ha kh ( Sg )
- bo ha du tn d:
+/ Va du : So + Sw = 1
+/ Va kh : Sg + Sw = 1
+/ Va du kh : So + Sg + Sw = 1
Du tn d l du cn li trong m m khng th khai thc c.
* thm: l kh nng chy ring phn ca cht lu.
v= KP/l. = Q/S trong : k l h s t l v c Darcy gi l thm
l nht ng lc hc ca cht lu
dp/dl l gradient p sut
thm tuyt i l gi tr khi ch c mt cht lu chuyn ng tc l bo ha ca mt cht
lu trong l rng t 100%
thm pha : khi c nhiu cht lu bo ha, chng s cng linh ng. thm pha kg kw ko c
gi tr thp hn thm tuyt i v ph thuc vo bo ha ca chnh pha .
thm tng i l t s gia thm pha v thm tuyt i :krg=kg/k (lun < 1) v tng
t.
Mi quan h gia thm pha v bo ha. ( thm pha du kh nng nh du)
Khi bt u khai thc ch c du c khai thc ln. Sau 1 thi gian khi t n bo ha Swc
bt u nh nc => lng nc ly c tng dn, lng du khai thc ln gim dn. n
khi t n bo ha du tn d th ch khai thc c nc m khng khai thc c du (
trong khi vn cn 1 lng u tn d cha c khai thc ln).

Cu 4 : Nng lng t nhin ca m

Trong cc m HC tn ti ngun nng lng t nhin sinh ra nh p sut, nhit tch ly qu
trnh hnh thnh v tn ti. Chng cc dng n hi, tch kh, phn ly trng lc v gp phn
vo vic nng sn phm ln trong qu trnh khai thc.
1/ Nang lng n hi.
Khi ta tin hnh khai thc, Pv gim nhng Pv > Pbo ha nn th tch dn tng do gin n -> b p
vo th tch du khai thc ln.
Nu tip tc khai thc lng du c ly i nhiu hn to ra vng gim p, lng du v nc
vng gim p s xy ra qu trnh n hi v b p vo phn th tch du v nc ng hnh
c ly ra khi va
Tuy nhin kh nng n hi khng b p li c vi lng du ly i nhng vn m bo Pva
> Pbh.
nhng va m mi lin thng thy lc gia vng du v vng k cn km, tnh cht bt ng
ca lm cho rng v thm ca km, p sut va > p sut bo ha.
cui giai on khai thc i vi ch ny, p sut va gim tim cn vi gi tr p sut bo
ha => kh cha tch ra khi du.
Ch ny gip khai thc 50-55% tr lng a cht ca va.
2/ Nng lng p lc nc vn ng
Va c th tch ln, c nc ra v nc y v c lin thng thy lc tt, du v nc c nht
nh, c tnh colecto tt mi c dng nng lng ny
Khi ta tin hnh khai thc, p sut va gim. Nc i ln lp y th tch du v nc ng hnh
va b khai thc => p sut va tng tr li => gip p sut va n nh.
Ch ny gip khai thc 60-70% tr lng a cht ca va.
3/ Nng lng kh ha tan
Khi Pv < Pbh => kh ha tan trong du s tch ra khi du thnh pha ring bit => th tch ca
ton khi du kh tng ln b p vo th tch va khai thc gip duy tr p sut va, y kh vo
cc khe rng c du b khai thc.
=> kh tch ra linh ng nhanh chng i n y ging, li ko theo cc phn t du n y
ging.
Dng nng lng ny i vi va du nh.
Ch ny c th l ch tip theo ca ch nng lng n hi du nc, nhng va du
nh.
Ch ny gip khai thc t 10-30% tr lng a cht ca m.
4/ Ch nng lng m kh.
i vi nhng va c kh v Vg>> Vo
Khi khai thc Pv gim => kh gin n y ranh gii du v kh thp xung => b p lng du
khai thc.
ng thi khi Pv gim < Pbh , kh trong du tch ra khi du, b sung thm vo th tch m kh.
ng thi kh tch ra linh ng => di chuyn n y ging ko theo du
( Lu nhng va ny phi m va v tr thp)
V khi mt ranh gii du kh y xung y ging khai thc th kh s di chuyn vo y ging
nhiu hn, thm ch khng ly c du ln m ch khai thc c kh.
Ch ny gip khai thc 30-40% tr lng a cht.
5/ Nng lng phn ly trng lc
Cc cht lu nng nh khc nhau s phn ly theo phng tc ng ca trng trng.
Mc phn ly ph thuc vo : dc ca cc tch t ; thm theo phng thng ng; chnh
lch t trng gia cc pha.
Nng lng phn ly trng lc khng ng vai tr nh mt ch ring bit tr khi va rt dc.
Ch ny ng vai tr song hnh vi cc ch nng lng khc.
Trong thc t cc ch nng lng khng c lp m l tng hp.

Cu 5 : Thm d v pht trin m.

+/ Thm d m.
- Vic thm d c nhim v nh gi gi tr cng nghip phn loi, thuc nhim v ca cc
nh a cht, a l.
- Cc chuyn gia a cht ch ra bn trng ( b trm tch) vi cc i tng sinh, cha, chn.
- Cc chuyn gia a vt l ch ra cu trc c trin vng tch t du.
- Cc chuyn gia khoan thc hin cc ging khoan chng minh chc chn cc d on ca
chuyn gia a cht v chuyn gia a vt l thng qua cc kt qu nghin cu.
+ th nghim mu , mu cht lu.
+ o a vt l cng nghip trong ging
+ nghin cu thy ng.
- Sau khi c cc thng s gi tr cng nghip s trnh hi ng cc cp cho php gi thu a m
vo pht trin.
+/ Pht trin m: l qu trnh t khi pht hin gi tr cng nghip cho ti khi loi b m, bao gm
cc bc thit k, xy dng v vn hnh pht trin m.
* Thit k cng nghip pht trin m.
- Thit k m va: + a cht: m t cu trc a cht, tnh cht cht lu, phng n khoan,
phng n khai thc ging.
+ S m va: Mng li b tr ging, s lng ging ( qu ging n v c bn, qu ging
d phng )
- Thit k thu gom bao gm Thit k tch pha, x l cht lu; thit k h thng ng ng ni
m vn chuyn du v ni x l; thit k ct cha, vn chuyn cht lu.
- Thit k chnh sa v b sung : theo thi gian cc hiu bit v m tng v chnh xc hn => cc
thit k ban u s c chnh sa b sung.
+/ Xy dng v vn hnh pht trin m: gm 4 giai on i vi m du v 3 giai on i vi
m kh.
-i vi m du: G 1(gia tng): Sn lng tng lien tc do hon thnh cc qu ging c bn.
G 2 ( n nh ) : sn lng t gi tr cao nht ch thc hin them cc ging d phng.
G 3 ( suy gim) : sn lng suy gim lien tc do nng lng m gim.
G 4 (tn thu) : Sn lng thp, s dng bin php thu i tng cng.
-i vi m kh: G 1 ( gia tng ) sn lng tng nhanh
G 2 ( n nh )
G 3 ( suy gim nhanh ) => m kh k c giai on tn thu.

Cu 6 : qu trnh c bn xy dng ging du kh.

Gm 3 giai on: qu trnh ph hy t ; qu trnh vn chuyn t ph hy; qu trnh gia c
ging khoan
1/ Qu trnh ph hy t
- s dng phng php ph hy c hc nh mi khoan v choong` khoan ph vi t ( theo
nguyn tc p v ct vn nh ti trong P do h thng ct cn khoan to ra c t 5-40 tn, to
momen quay M vi tc 80-200 v/ph
Chuyn ng quay ca choong` khoan c thc hin bng cc phng php khc nhau :
+Phng php roto, phng php u quay di ng Top Driver => ton b phn ct cn khoan
quay v chuyn chuyn ng cho choong`.
+ Phng php cng c y: /ng c c lp ngay trn choong` => do ct cn khoan khng
quay m choong` nhn truyn ng trc tip t ng c.
Ct cn khoan c vai tr truyn lc v cht lng khoa ln mi khoan.
Gm: - Cn khoan : ng knh t 73-147mm chiu di 12m ni vi nhau bng ren , tit din
trn.
- Cn nng : pha trn mi khoan, ng knh ln hn, chiu di 8-12m , Q=(1,251,5)P c tit
din trn.
- Cn lm vic trong iu kin khc nghit, chu nhiu ti trng ko, nn, un, xon nn phi ch
to t thp, hp kim cht lng cao.
2/ Qu trnh vn chuyn t ph hy.
- c th khoan bnh thng y ging phi c lm sch lien tc, t b ph hy (mn
khoan) phi c kipj thi ti ln mt t. => s dng dung dch khoan bm lin tc qua cn
khoan xung y ging khoan y mn khoan ln.
- Tc dng ca dung dch khoan: Vn chuyn mn khoan, lm sch y ging ; Lm mt bi trn
mi khoan; Gia c thnh ging khoan chng st l, khng cho cht lu t va xam nhp vo
ging; Cn bng p lc ln thnh l khoan; Cung cp nng lng cho ng c y; Gi mn
khoan khng b lng khi bm ngng chy.
3/ Gia c thnh ging khoan: Gia c tm thi v gia c vnh vin.
* Gia c tm thi: s dng dung dch khoan, to p lc ln vch ging
=> ngn khng cho t bin dng v cht lng va xm nhp vo ging gii quyt c 2 yu
cu gia c v cch ly va.
- Qu trnh dung dch khoan thm vo thnh ging khoan to ln 1 lp v st c tc dng ngn
dung dch khoan thm vo va lm bn va sn phm v ngn t khng bin dng.
* Gia c vnh vin
Sau 1 thi gian khoan c 1 chiu su no , gia c tm thi mt tc dng => dng khoan =>
chng ng trm xi mng (gia c vnh vin).
Khoan tip 1 khong bng mi khoan nh hn ri li chng ng trm xi mng. Cng vic dng
li cho n khi khoan t n chiu su d kin.
Qu trnh tram xi mng: Ngng khoan -> th ng chng vo ging -> lp y xi mng pha ngoi
ng -> i n khi xi mng t bn cn thit -> khoan tip v lp li cc bc trn.

Cu 8 : Phn loi gin khoan khai thc.

*/Cc dn lm vic trn t lin : Cng sut di 50 tn : khi thit b c lp gip trn sn r-
mooc.
Cng sut nng hn 50 tn : dn c lp rp trn nn mng vi cc sn c cao khc nhau.
+sn mc cao (3-4,5m) lp khi thp ti; bn roto
+ sn mc trung bnh : lp khi ng c
+ sn mc thp ( tr tip trn mt t)
*/ Cc dn trn bin, h: Theo kh nng c ng, mc gn kt vi y bin chia ra lm 3 loi:
- Lin kt cng vi y bin gm dn c nh v o khoan
- Lin kt tm thi trong thi gian lm vic l cc loi dn chm.
- Khng c lin kt vi y bin, thuc cc dn ni.
1/ o khoan v dn c nh thuc loi c lin kt cng vi y bin.
- o khoan : s dng nhng vng c bang vnh cu v bang tri, bin nng, thng c chu vi
l hnh trn, xy dng cc tng ngn bng thp, hoc bng b tong ri lp y t . Dn p
dng cho vng bin c chiu su trn di 10m.
- Dn c nh : thuc loi khoan khai thc c ln v dn khai thc c nh.
Ch to t thp v b tong, chn cc ct chng dn c bt cht vo y bin cng vi nn
mng c gia c vng chc.
Dn xy lp ti vng bin su < 100m
Sc chu ti thc hin c 10 30 gin khoan, din tch m khong 35 km2.
C 3 loi dn : dn chn thanh dng, dn chn ng thp, dn 1 chn.
2/ Dn chm: X lan nh sn, sn c phao hnh tr, dn t nng.
- Khi khng hot ng th thn dn ni ln mt nc, c th dung tu ko li dt ti v tr
khoan ri nh chm chn xung y bin, thn c nng cao khi mt nc, chn khng
gn cht vo y bi m ch ta ln y bin => Khi kt thc khoan chn li c nng ln
c th di chuyn dn ti v tr mi.
- Dan ny ch dung khoan khng dng khai thc.
3/ Cc loi dn ni thuc dn khoan khai thc : Khi lm vic dn khng c b phn tip xc
vi y bin bao gm: X lan ni a; x lan kiu tu; tu khoan v dn bn chm thuc loi dn
khoan khai thc.
- X lan ni a : + thng dng h, cc vng nc trng ngp nc, cc vnh kn ven bin.
+ khi lm vic x lan c nh chm ti mc nc ph hp
- tu khoan v x lan dng tu ( hnh dng nh tu khch hoc tu ch hng)
+ vng bin su, xa b, tng i yn tnh
+ khi lm vic dn ni hon ton trn mt bin
+ C sn khoan pha di rng
u im: c tnh c ng cao , cha ti ln => u vit cho vng ho lnh, xa b.
Nhc im: Khng ph hp cho vng bin ng, sng gi ln.
- Dn bn chm: Ph bin s dng cho vng bin ng.
+ khi lm vic 1 phn chm, 1 phn ni. Khi di chuyn th ni hon ton.

Cu 9 : thc hin ging khoan thm d cn thc hin cc cng tc g?

- Ging thm d c mc ch pht hin ra cc tch t du kh mt cch trc tip , c th, nh gi
c gi tr cng nghip ban u thng qua cc tnh cht ca t cha cc cht lu , nng
lng t nhin.
- Cc cng tc thc hin ging khoan thm d bao gm: chn v tr khoan; thit k khoan; nh
gi va; kt thc ging.
*/ Chn v tr khoan
- Do mi ging khoan du kh tiu tn hng chc n hng tram triu la nn phi lc chn v
tr khoan tht chnh xc xc sut gp du kh l cao nht.
- Trong khi , hin nay cc tng nng v cc tich t c quy m ln c pht hin v khai
thc nn phi tm cc tch t di su hn nht l khu vc bin( thm lc a ) => v tr khoan
phi cn tht chnh xc.
- c th xc nh c v tr ca ging khoan cn phi s dng cc phng php khoa hc
gin tip, da trn c s tnh cht khc nhau ca cc loi => s dng cc my o c nhy
cao xc nh c tnh cht ny v tm ra m trin vng.
- Cc tnh cht c s dng bao gm : + T tnh : phng php thm d t
+ Mt ( t trng ) => phng php thm d trng lc.
+ c tnh truyn m thanh : phng php thm d a chn.
Trn t lin : 3 phng php lin tc c s dng theo tun t : t -> trng lc -> a chn.
Trn bin : 3 phng php c tin hnh cng 1 lc.
*/ Thit k khoan: l cng vic u tin c thc hin da trn ti liu a cht v mc tiu ca
cng tc thm d
- Ti liu cht l ti liu d bo , l ct a tng d kin th hin th t sp xp cc tng t
, cc lp, phn lp t di ln trn theo tui, ct a tang th hin
+ Loi , thnh phn thch hc, mc bin cht, ph hy do kin to.
+ Mc rn chc ( mc lin kt)
+ p sut va v nt v va
+ ch nhit
- Chng trnh dung dch khoan.
Dung dch khoan cn gi l cht lu khoan, l dng huyn ph gm mi trng phn tn nc
v du; pha phn tn l st hoc polime; ha cht ha tan.
Dung dch khoan gm 2 pha : khi chuyn ng -> lng ; khi ng yn -> rn.
=> dung dch khoan gi l cht lng cu trc.
2 yu cu c bn ca dung dch khoan: + khng to ra cc phn ng ha l vi cc tng t .
+ to s n nh tm thi vch ging khoan.
Khi khoan p sut ca dung dch to ra phi m bo : Pva < Pging khoan < Pnt n
- Lp cu trc ging bao gm: + xc nh s lng ct ng ( ng nh hng, ng dn hng,
ng khai thc) v chiu su th.
+ tnh ton bn cho mi ct ng( chn b dy, mc thp) cn c vo trng thi ng sut : ko nn
do trng lng bn thn ng sinh ra ; p sut ngoi do p lc va, t hoc xi mng trm; p
sut trong do lc p c my bm ( khi bm p), p lc va ( dng sn phm ).
+ Trm xi mng : l loi xi mng chuyn dng c ph gia v cc ha phm, t l nc/xi mng
khong 0.4 0.6
Ct ng dn hng bt buc phi trm ton b chiu di.
Tnh ton khi lng
Tnh ton tc bm, thi gian bm v p sut bm.
+ Chn choong` khoan : chn ng knh choong` thng qua cu trc ging v thnh phn t
chn kch thc v chng loi choong`.
Xc lp ch lm vic cho choong`
+ Chn cn khoan: la chn kch thc chng loi thp ch to cn phi da trn gi tr n, P
thit k trc; kim ton cn thn ti trng nh cn khoan ( ti trng xon + ko ) , cn nng ( ti
trng xon + nn + un dc )
*/ La chn thit b v gin khoan
- Loi thit b :
- Cng sut thit b : tnh ton trng lng ct cn v ct ng to nn sc nng ca ti thp.
- Chn dn khoan : Trn b thng chn loi c tnh c ng ca dn, t hnh, bn t hnh, tnh
li.
Khoan trn bin : ch yu dng loi dn chm
+Cn c vo chiu su nc bin, kh nng mang ti, iu kin kh hu, mi trng.
+Chiu su <100m => dn chm ; >100m => dn ni
+iu kin kh hu mi trng: Bin lng => s dng tu khoan hoc x lan tu; bin ng =>
s dng dn bn chm
+ kh nng mang ti: tu khoan c th mang c ti trng ln
+ Tnh sn sng ca thit b : cc dn khoan lin kt tm thi vi y bin c tnh c ng cao.
*/ nh gi va : L nhim v hng u, l mc ch c bn ca khoan thm d nhm xc nh
kh nng cng nghip ca cc tch t, nh gi bng cc phng php:
- Nghim cu a cht.
Thu thp mu : + mu vn c thu thp ti sng rung v c xc nh su theo tc chy
ca dung dch; sau khi phn tch thch hc s thit lp ct a tng l khoan.
+ mu li : c dng nguyn khi hnh tr dng xc inh rng, thm, bo ha, tnh
cht c l, xc nh s b tnh cht, cht lu; thu hi maaix s dng choong` kt hp b ng
mu.
- o a vt l ging khoan : xc nh cc tnh cht ca va
+ phng php phng x : alpha, beta, gramma
+ phng php in : in tr, in th t nhin
+ phng php m: o tnh cht truyn sng.
=> xc nh c : + tnh d dng: thm, rng.
+ thnh phn thch hc
+ bo ha du, bo ha nc.
+ Ranh gii cc tng, mt tip xc du nc, du kh.
+ cc nh v nt n, un np, t gy.
+ xc nh ng knh l khoan.
- Phng php th va ( nghin cu thy ng ).
Dng p k o s thay i p sut trong ging
+ ng hi p: gia tng p sut khi trong ging khng cn dng chy, xc nh p sut va,
thm, s nhim bn.
+ ng gim p: suy gim p sut y ging khi c dng chy ln mt, xc nh : thm,
nhim bn, ng chy vo ging.
Quy trnh th : + t trn xung: khoan n u th n y.
+ t di ln : sau khi chng ng trm xi mng
*/ Kt thc ging : - a thng tin thu c vo lu tr
- Thu hi ti a cc vt liu s dng
- Trm lp ging khoan
- Xy mc ming ging i vi ging kh
- i vi ging c gi tr cng nghip: + nu ging khng th chuyn thnh ging khai thc do
cu trc khng ph hp hay cht lng xy dng thp -> ting hnh nh vi ging kh.
+ ging c th chuyn thnh ging khai thc -> ng ging, tho d thit b khoan v chun b
pht trin m.

Cu 10: Mc ch v qu trnh th va bng cn khoan.

Mc ch: nh gi va thng qua cc ti liu nghin cu thy ng.
Qu trnh th va : Khi khoan qua va ta lp b th va 5 vo di cn khoan c trang b p k v
nhit k o su. Sauk hi th v nh v bang Paker ta m van 4, dng cht lu t va vo b th ta
ghi c ng hi p, kt thc giai on hi p. Ta m tip van pha trn, dng du s theo cn
ln ming ging ng thi p k ghi li c ng gim p.

Cu 12: Trinh by v qu trnh th ging v phng php gia tng ch s.

Th ging : L cng vic tin hnh tng t nh th va khi khoan thm d. iu khc bit l ta
ch tin hnh cho va l i tng khai thc v cng vic c tin hnh mt cch chun mc
hn nhm xc nh ch khai thc.
Vi ging chun b a vo khai thc ln u, vic th ging cho php xc nh gi tr p sut
va ban u gi l Pi, h s thm K ca va v mc nhim bn S.
2 k thut th va c bn l gim p v hi p.
- Gim p : khai thc th vi mt hay nhiu gi tr lu lng, ng thi o s thay i p sut
y ging Pwf theo thi gian khi c dng chy
- Hi p : khai thc 1 thi gian no ri ng ging v o gi tr p sut phc hi ti y ging
Pwf .
*/ Gia tng ch s nng sut ging.
PI = 7,08.10-3k.h / B0(ln re/rw +S ) : iu kin chun
PI = 2kh / (ln re/rw + S) : iu kin va.
Trong : K.h h s
- nht
Bo : yu t th tch ca du
re : bn knh nh hng
rw bn knh y ging
S- bo ha.
tng PI ta cn phi :
- Tng : +h bng cch tng chiu su m va
+ k to ra cc khe nt mi trong t v m rng cc khe nt c sn bng phng
php nt va thy lc. S dng phng php ha hc tng tnh linh ng ca cht lu.
- Gim : + : tng nhit va
+ Bo : la chn k thut tch pha ph hp
+ re / rw : an giy mng li ging, tng ng knh ging khoan trong va
+ S : Dng cc loi axit ha tan cc cn bn, ty vo tng loi m s dng axit khc nhau
ph bin l HCl, HF.

Cu 13: Phng php phun t nhin.

- c dng chy ta ch cn m ming ging, dng chy c duy tr nh nng lng c trong
va. L phng php c hiu qu nht, thng c s dng giai on u cho cc va du nh,
trung bnh, nng va phi, c t l kh ha cao.
- iu kin c dng t phun : Dng chy qua ng nng phi c nng lng thng tn
hao do ma st dc ng, tn hao cc b qua ct, van, tn hao thy tnh do su.
Efl(cht lu) = Efr(ma st) + Ehs(thy tnh) + Elc(cc b) + Ewh(ming ging)
Ewh : nng lng d cn thit ming ging.
Cu trc dng chy ca du trong ng nng(m du)
Cng ln cao p sut v nhit cng gim.
(1) y ging : P > Pbh dng cht lu l dong 1 pha.
(2) Ti im P = Pbh bt u xut hin cc phn t kh=> dng cht lu l dng 2 pha lng, kh.
(3) Cng ln cao, p sut cng gim, kh tch ra khi du cng nhiu => cc kh t tp li vi
nhau to bt => cu trc bt
(4) p sut gim gn p sut ming ging => bt kh lin kt li vi nhau, tng kch thc, to ra
cu trc nt => c tc dng nh piston y du ln .
y l cu trc c hiu qu nht.
- Thit b : + Thit b lng ging quan trng nht l ng nng
+ thit b ming ging quan trng nht l u phun.
*Vn hnh ging: c dng phun ra lun m van trung tm => m van nhnh gi dng sn
phm.
- vi ging du : bm cht lng theo ng tun hon, gim dn t trng cht lu cho ti khi
dng sn phm xut hin
- vi ging kh : gi dng bng cch m van gim dn p sut ming ging
- lu :+ kim sot ct : tc dng > 5m/s
+ kim sot s ngng t cht lng trong m cng nh trong ng nng tt nht l duy tr dng 1
pha, phi hn ch ngng t ti mc thp nht.