Chapter 1 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions

1.4 The equation that relates deg F to deg C is: t(F) = 1.8 t(C) + 32. Solve this
equation by setting t(F) = t(C).

Guess solution: t 0

Given t = 1.8t  32 Find()

t 40 Ans.

F
1.5 By definition: P= F = mass g Note: Pressures are in
A gauge pressure.
S 2 2
P  3000bar D  4mm A D A 12.566 mm
4
m F
F  P A g 9.807 mass  mass 384.4 kg Ans.
2 g
s

F
1.6 By definition: P= F = mass g
A
S 2 2
P  3000atm D  0.17in A D A 0.023 in
4
ft F
F  P A g 32.174 mass  mass 1000.7 lbm Ans.
2 g
sec

1.7 Pabs = U g h  Patm

gm m
U  13.535 g  9.832 h  56.38cm
3 2
cm s

Patm  101.78kPa Pabs  U g h  Patm Pabs 176.808 kPa Ans.

gm ft
1.8 U  13.535 g  32.243 h  25.62in
3 2
cm s

Patm  29.86in_Hg Pabs  U g h  Patm Pabs 27.22 psia Ans.

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 gm m
1.10 Assume the following: U  13.5 g  9.8
3 2
cm s
P
P  400bar h Ans.
Ug h 302.3 m

1.11 The force on a spring is described by: F = Ks x where Ks is the spring

constant. First calculate K based on the earth measurement then gMars
based on spring measurement on Mars.
On Earth:
m
F = mass g = K x mass  0.40kg g  9.81 x  1.08cm
2
s
F N
F  mass g F 3.924 N Ks  Ks 363.333
x m
On Mars:
3
x  0.40cm FMars  K x FMars 4 u 10 mK
FMars mK
gMars  gMars 0.01 Ans.
mass kg

d M P d M P
1.12 Given: P = U g and: U= Substituting: P=  g
dz R T dz R T

PDenver z
1 Denver M g
Separating variables and integrating: dP =  dz
P R T
P 0
sea

PDenver M g
After integrating: ln = zDenver
Psea R T

Taking the exponential of both sides  M g z

Denver
and rearranging: PDenver = Psea e R T

gm m
Psea  1atm M  29 g  9.8
mol 2
s

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 3
cm atm
R  82.06 T  (10  273.15)K zDenver  1 mi
mol K
M g
zDenver 0.194
R T

 M g z
Denver
e
R T
PDenver  Psea PDenver 0.823 atm Ans.

PDenver 0.834 bar Ans.

1.13 The same proportionality applies as in Pb. 1.11.

ft ft
gearth  32.186 gmoon  5.32 'lmoon  18.76
2 2
s s
gearth
'learth  'lmoon 'learth 113.498
gmoon

M  'learth lbm M 113.498 lbm Ans.

wmoon  M gmoon wmoon 18.767 lbf Ans.

5.00dollars hr 0.1dollars hr
1.14 costbulb  10 costelec  10 70W
1000hr day kW hr day

dollars dollars
costbulb 18.262 costelec 25.567
yr yr

dollars
costtotal  costbulb  costelec costtotal 43.829
yr Ans.

ft
1.15 D  1.25ft mass  250lbm g  32.169
2
s

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 S 2 2
Patm  30.12in_Hg A D A 1.227 ft
4
3
(a) F  Patm A  mass g F 2.8642 u 10 lbf Ans.

F
(b) Pabs  Pabs 16.208 psia Ans.
A
3
(c) 'l  1.7ft Work  F 'l Work 4.8691 u 10 ft lbf Ans.

'PE  mass'
g l 'PE 424.9 ft lbf Ans.

m
1.16 D  0.47m mass  150kg g  9.813
2
s
S 2 2
Patm  101.57kPa A D A 0.173 m
4
4
(a) F  Patm A  mass g F 1.909 u 10 N Ans.

F
(b) Pabs  Pabs 110.054 kPa Ans.
A

(c) 'l  0.83m Work  F 'l Work 15.848 kJ Ans.

'EP  mass'
g l 'EP 1.222 kJ Ans.

m
1.18 mass  1250kg u  40
s
1 2
EK  mass u EK 1000 kJ Ans.
2
Work  EK Work 1000 kJ Ans.

mass'
g h
1.19 Wdot = 0.91 0.92
time
m
Wdot  200W g  9.8 'h  50m
2
s

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 Wdot
mdot  kg
Ans.
g 'h 0.91 0.92 mdot 0.488
s

1.22 25.00
ton
a) cost_coal  1
MJ cost_coal 0.95 GJ
29
kg
2.00
gal
cost_gasoline  1
GJ cost_gasoline 14.28 GJ
37
3
m

0.1000
cost_electricity  1
kW hr cost_electricity 27.778 GJ

b) The electrical energy can directly be converted to other forms of energy

whereas the coal and gasoline would typically need to be converted to heat
and then into some other form of energy before being useful.

The obvious advantage of coal is that it is cheap if it is used as a heat

source. Otherwise it is messy to handle and bulky for tranport and
storage.

Gasoline is an important transportation fuel. It is more convenient to

transport and store than coal. It can be used to generate electricity by
burning it but the efficiency is limited. However, fuel cells are currently
being developed which will allow for the conversion of gasoline to electricity
by chemical means, a more efficient process.

Electricity has the most uses though it is expensive. It is easy to transport

but expensive to store. As a transportation fuel it is clean but batteries to
store it on-board have limited capacity and are heavy.

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 1.24 Use the Matcad genfit function to fit the data to Antoine's equation.
The genfit function requires the first derivatives of the function with
respect to the parameters being fitted.
A B

f (T  A  B  C) e
TC
Function being fit:

First derivative of the function with respect to parameter A

f (T  A  B  C)o exp A 
d B
dA T  C

First derivative of the function with respect to parameter B

1
exp A 
d B
f (T  A  B  C)o
dB TC T  C

First derivative of the function with respect to parameter C

d
f (T  A  B  C)o
B
exp A 
B
dC 2
(T  C) T  C

18.5 3.18

9.5 5.48
0.2 9.45

11.8 16.9
23.1 28.2
t Psat 
32.7 41.9
44.4 66.6

52.1 89.5

63.3 129

75.5 187

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 T  t  273.15 lnPsat  ln (Psat)

Array of functions used by Mathcad. In this case, a0 = A, a1 = B and a2 = C.

a1
exp a 0 
T  a2 Guess values of parameters

a1
exp a0  15
T  a2
F (T  a) guess  3000
1 a1 50
T  a2 exp a 
T  a2
0

a1 a1
exp a0 
T  a2
T  a2
2

Apply the genfit function

A A 13.421

B  genfit (T  Psat  guess  F) B 2.29 u 103 Ans.
C C
69.053
Compare fit with data.

200

150

Psat
100
f (T  A  B  C)

50

0
240 260 280 300 320 340 360
T

To find the normal boiling point, find the value of T for which Psat = 1 atm.

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 Psat  1atm Tnb 
B
 C K Tnb 329.154 K
A  ln
Psat
kPa
Ans.
Tnb  273.15K 56.004 degC
1.25
dollars
a) t1  1970 t2  2000 C1  0.35 i  5%
gal
t2  t1 dollars
C2  C1 ( 1  i) C2 1.513
gal
The increase in price of gasoline over this period kept pace with the rate of
inflation.
dollars dollars
b) t1  1970 t2  2000 C1  16000 C2  80000
yr yr
C2 t2  t1
Given = ( 1  i) i  Find ( i) i 5.511 %
C1

The salary of a Ph. D. engineer over this period increased at a rate of 5.5%,
slightly higher than the rate of inflation.

c) This is an open-ended problem. The strategy depends on age of the child,

and on such unpredictable items as possible financial aid, monies earned
by the child, and length of time spent in earning a degree.

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