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UNIT II FOURIER TRANSFORMS

PART A

Problem 1 If the Fourier transform of f x is F s then, what is Fourier transform of

f ax ?
Solution:
Fourier transform of f x is

F s F f x
1
f x e
is x
dx
2

F f ax
1
f ax e
is x
dx
2
Put t ax
dt adx

F f ax
1 dt
f t e
is t / a

2
a

1 1
. f t e
is t / a
dt
a 2

1 s
F f ax .F .
a a

. cco
o m
m
Problem 2 Find the Fourier sine transform of e3x .
Solution:

Fs f x

a
a u
u
2
l

l
0
.
f x sin sx dx

j iinnp
p
Fs e3 x

j
2

e
3 x
sin sx dx

w
.
. r
r e
e
2 e 3 x
0

3sin sx s cos x

w
2
s 9 0

w
w w
w
2 s
2
s 9

Problem 3
e ax
sin bx dx
e ax
a b
2 2

a sin bx b cos bx .

Find the Fourier sine transform of f x e ax , a 0 . Hence deduce that

x sin x

0
1 x 2
dx e .
2
Solution:

Fs f x
2
f x sin sx dx
0

Fs e ax
2
e
ax
sin sx dx
0

2 s

s 2 a 2
By inverse Sine transform, we get

2
f x Fs s sin sx ds
0

2 2 s
sin sx ds
0 s2 a2
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2 s sin sx
f x 2 ds
0 s a2

s sin sx
f x 2 ds
2 0
s a2
ax s sin sx
e 2 ds
2 0
s a 2

Put a 1, x
s sin sx
e 2 ds
2 0
s 1
Replace s by x

s sin sx
0 1 x 2 dx 2 e .

1
Problem 4 Prove that FC f x cos ax FC s a FC s a .
2
Solution:

2
Fc s Fc f x f x cos sx dx
0

2
Fc f x cos ax f x cos ax cos sx dx
2

c o
o m
m 0

cos a s x cos a s x

. c
0
l .
dx

l
f x

u
2

1

2
2
0

p
p a
a u 1 2
f x cos s a xdx
2 0

f x cos s a xdx

1
2

r jjiinn
Fc s a Fc s a .

e
e
w
w .
. r
Problem 5 Find the Fourier cosine transform of f x
cos x, 0 x a
0, xa
.

w
w
Solution:

w
w Fc f x
2

0
f x cos sx dx

2 cos s 1 x cos s 1 x
a

2
a

0
cos x cos sxdx

0
dx
2
1 sin s 1 x sin s 1 x
a

2 s 1 s 1 0
1 sin s 1 a sin s 1 a
, provided S 1, S 1.
2 s 1 s 1

Problem 6 Find FC xe ax and FS xe ax .

Solution:
Fc xe ax
d
Fs f x
ds
Fc xe ax Fs e ax
d
ds
d 2 ax


ds 0 e sin sx dx

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d 2 s 2 a2 s2
.
ds s 2 a 2 s 2 a 2 2


Fs xe ax Fc e ax Fs xf x
d
ds
d
ds

Fc f x


d 2 ax


ds 0 e cos sx dx


d 2 a 2 2as
.
ds s 2 a 2 s 2 a 2 2

Problem 7 If F s is the Fourier transform of f x , then prove that the Fourier transform of
eax f x is F s a .
Solution:

F s F f x
1
f x e
is x
dx
2

F eiax f x
1
e
iax
f x eis x dx
2

1
ei a s x f x dx

m

2
F s a.

l ..cco
o m
u
u l
Problem 8 Find the Fourier cosine transform of e2 x 3e x .

a
a
p
Solution:

e jjii np
Let f x e2 x 3e x

n
Fc f x
2

w
w .
. r
r e
Fc e 3e
2 x 2 2 x

0
f x cos sx dx

e cos sx dx 3e cos sx dx
x x

w
w w
w
2 2

0
3
2 .
s 4 s 1
2
0

Problem 9 State convolution theorem.

Solution:
If F(s) and G(s) are Fourier transform of f x and g x respectively, Then the Fourier
transform of the convolutions of f x and g x is the product of their Fourier transforms.
i.e. F f x * g x F f x F g x

Problem 10 Derive the relation between Fourier transform and Laplace transform.
Solution:
e xt g t , t 0
Consider f t 1
0 , t 0
The Fourier transform of f x is given by

1
F f t f t e
is t
dt
2

1
e
xt
g t eis t dt
2
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1
e
is x t
g t dt
2

1
e
pt
g t dt where p x is
2

L g t L f t e st f t dt
1

2 0
1
Fourier transform of f t Laplace transform of g(t) where g(t) is defined by (1).
2

1
Problem 11 Find the Fourier sine transform of .
x
Solution:

Fs f x
2
f x sin sx dx
0

1 2 1
0 x
Fs sin sx dx
x
Let sx
sdx d ; : 0

1 2 s d
Fs sin
x

2 sin

0

s
sin

. cco
o m
m

d

l
d

0
2


0

a
a u
u l 2

p
.

p
2 2

r e
e jjiinn
Problem 12 Find f x if its sine transform is e as , a 0 .

.
. r
Solution:
Fs f x F s

w
w
w
w w
w
Given that Fs f x e as

f x

2 as
2

0
Fs s sin x dx

0
e sin sx ds

2 e as
2 2 a sin sx x cos sx
a s 0
2 x

a 2 x 2
.

x2
Problem 13 Using Parsevals Theorem find the value of dx, a 0 . Find the Fourier
x2 a2
2
0

transform of e a x , a 0 .
Solution:

f x F s
2 2
Parsevals identify is dx ds

s
Result : Fs e ax
2
s 2 a 2
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2

2
s
e
2
ax
dx ds

s 2 a 2
2

2
s
2 e ax 2
dx 2 ds
0 0
s a 2
2

e 2 ax 2 s2
ds
2 a 0 0 s 2 a 2
2

s2 0 1
i.e., ds .
0 s 2
a 2 2
2 2a 4a

x 2

dx .
0 x 2
a
2 2 4a

1, 0 x 1
Problem 14 Find the Fourier sine transform of f x .
0, x 1
Solution:

The Fourier sine transform of f x is given by Fs f x
2
f x sin sx dx
0
2

2 cos sx
1 1

.
1

cco
o m
sin sx dx 0 sin sx dx

m s 0

a
a u
u l
s
l
2 cos s 1

.
2 1 cos s
s

s
.

Solution:

jjiinnp
p
Problem 15 Find the Fourier transform of e-a|x|, a > 0

w .
. r
r e
e
F f x
1

2
f x eis x dx

w w
w w 1
2

e
a x
eis x dx

w


1
e
a x
cos sx i sin sx dx
2

1

a x
e e sin sx dx 0, odd function
a x
cos sx dx
2

2
e
a x
cos sx dx
2

F e a x
2 a
2 2 .
2 a s

PART- B

1, x 1
Problem 16 (i) Express the function f x as a Fourier integral. Hence evaluate
0, x 1

sin cos x sin
0 d and find the value of
0

d .
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0, x 0
1

(ii) Find the Fourier integral of the function f x , x 0 verify the representation
2 x
e , x 0
directly at the point x 0 .

Solution:
(i) The Fourier Integral formula for f x is

1
f x f t cos t x dt d
0

1 for t 1
Given f t
0 for t 1
1
1 1
f x 0 cos t x dt d cos t x dt d 0 cos t x dt d
0 1 1
1 sin t x
1

d
0 1
1 sin 1 x sin 1 x

0
d

m
1 sin 1 x sin 1 x

o
d

f x


2 sin cos x

u ll.
d
.cco 2sin A cos B sin( A B) Sin( A B)

f x

p a
a u
sin cos x

p d 1
2

e
e jji
0
Deduction part:

r inn

w
w . r
When x 0

.
f 0 1, 1

2 sin
0
d (from 1)

w
0
w
wsin

d / 2.

(ii) The Fourier integral of f x is

1
f x f t cos t x dt d
0

1

0

f x 0 dt e t cos t x dt d
0 0
1

e t cos t x dt d
0 0

1
e t cos t x dt d
00

1 et
2 cos t x sin t x dt d
0 1 0

1 cos x sin x
f x d 1
0 2 1
Putting x 0 in (1)
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1 d
f 0 2
0 1
1
tan 1
0

1
tan 1 tan1 0

1
0 f 0
2 2
1
f 0
2
1
f 0 .
2
The value of the given function at x 0 is
Hence verified.

2 2 cos x
2

Problem 17 (i) Using Fourier integral, prove that e cos x x

d .
0 4 4


sin x, 0 x

sin sin x
(ii) Using Fourier integral prove that d 2 .
0
1 2
x

m
0,
Solution:

c o
o m
(i) The Fourier cosine integral of f x is

l .. c
f x
2

0
u
u l

cos x f t cos t dt d

a
a
p
0

p
t

n
2

r
r
cos

e
e j

jii
x

n
e cos t cos t dt d
0
t cos 1 t cos t t

.
2
0

w
w .
cos x e
0
t
2

d

w
1
cos x e cos 1 t dt e t cos t t dt d

w
w
0
1

0

cos x
0

1
2

1
0

2
1 1 1 1

d

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1
0
cos x d
2 2 2 1
2 2

1
2 2 2
cos x 2 d
0 4

x 2

e cos x cos x 4
2 2
d (Proved).
0 4

(ii)

sin x, 0 x
Given f x 2
0 , x
Since the LHS in the given problem is in terms of sine, let as use Fourier sine integral
formula.
Fourier since integral of f x is
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2
f x sin x f t sin t dt d
0 0

2
sin x sin t sin t dt d as f x sin x in 0 x
0 0
2 2
2

cos 1 t cos 1 t
sin x dt d
2 0
2

1

sin 1 t sin 1 t
sin x d
20 1 1 0

1 sin t cos t cos t sin t sin t cos t cos t sin t
sin x d
20 1 1 0

1 sin sin
sin x d
20 1 1
1

1 sin 1 sin

20 sin x
1 2



1 2sin
sin x d
1
2
20

sin x sin
f x d

m
1 2

m
0

i.e.
sin x sin
1 2

c
d 2

ll . o
o
sin x, 0 x

c
0,
.

u
x0

u
0

Problem 18

i nnp
p a
a (i) Using Fourier sine integral for f x e ax , a 0 . Show that

j i

sin x

0

.
.
2

r
r e
e j
2
a
d e ax
2
a x , x a

w
w w
w
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f x
0, x a
. Hence deduce

w
2

w
sin t
that dt .
0
t 2

Solution:
(i). Fourier sine integral of f t is

2
f x sin x f t sin t dt d
0 0

Given f x e ax

2
f x sin x e at sin t dt d
0 0

2 e at
2
sin x 2 a sin t cos t d
0 a 0

2
f x sin x 2 2
d
0 a

sin x ax sin x
f x 2 d . e 2 d .
2 0
a2 2 0
a2
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1
(ii) F f x f x eis x dx
2
1
a a
f x 0 dx a x e is x
dx 0 dx
2 a a
a

a x cos sx i sin sx dx
1

2 a
a

a x cos sx dx 0
1 a sin sx & x sin sx are odd functions

2
a

1 a
2 a x cos sx dx
2 0
a
2 sin sx cos sx
f x a x s 1 s 2
2 0
2 cos sx 1
0 s 2 s 2

2 1 cos as
s 2

2 as
2 2sin 2
1

m
2
s

ll..cco
o
By inverse Fourier transform f x
1

F s e isx ds .

p
p a
a
2sin u
u
2 as
2

2 e is x ds Put x 0

n
1

n

. r
r e
e j i

i
2 s

j
2

w w
w . 2
f 0
sin

s 2
2 as

2 ds

w
w
aw
4 0
Put a 2
as
sin 2

2 ds
s2

sin 2 s
2 0 s 2
ds [ s is a dummy variable, we can replace it by t]

2
sin t
i.e dt .
0
t 2

x2
2
Problem 19 (i) Prove that e
is self reciprocal with respect to Fourier transform.
1, x a

sin s
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f x . Hence evaluate ds .
0, x a 0
s
Solution:

(i) f x e x
2
/2

F s F f x
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F s F f x
1
f x eis x dx
2

1
e
x 2 / 2 is x
e dx
2

i2 s2 i2 s 2
1 is x
e
x2 / 2
2 2
dx
2

x is 2 s2
1
e

2
e 2
dx
2

x is
Let y x y
2

dx 2dy x y

1
F s e
y2
es
2
/2
2 dy
2 0

2e s / 2 y 2
2

0
e dy

. cco
o m
m

2e s2 / 2

a
a u
u ll . y 2
dy
2e s2 / 2

2
x2
e dx
0


2

p
0

e jji
F s e s

innp 2
/2
i.e. e x
2
/2
is self reciprocal hence proved.

w
w .
. r
r e
(ii). Fourier transform of f x is

w
w

F f x
1
f x eis x dx

w
w

1
eis x dx
2 a
a
2

a
1
cos sx i sin sx dx
2 a

a
1
cos sx dx sin sx is an odd fn.
2 0

a
1

2
cos sx dx
a

a
2 sin sx

s 0

2 sin as
F s
s
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By inverse Fourier transforms,

1
f x F s e
is x
dx
2

1 2 sin as
cos sx i sin sx dx
2
s

1 sin as sin as
s cos sx dx 0
s sin sx is odd

2 sin as
0 s
cos sx ds

put a 1, x 0

2 sin s
f x ds
0 s

ds f x 1, a x a
sin s
1

m
m
2 0
s

sin s
ds .

ll..cco
o
0
s 2

p
p a
a u
u
r e
e ji nn
Problem 20 (i) Using Fourier integral formula prove that

j i 2 b2 a2 sin x

.
. r d , a, b 0 .
ax bx
e e
2
a 2 2 b 2

w
w
0

w
(ii) State and Prove convolution theorem on Fourier transforms.

w
w w
Solution:

(i) Given f x e ax e bx

f t e at e bt 1

By Fourier sine integral of f x ,

2
f x sin x f t sin t.dt d
0 0

at bt
f x
2
0
sin x e e sin t dt d
0

2

at

sin x e sin t dt e b t sin t dt d by 1
0 0 0

2

0
sin x 2
a
2
2
b 2
d
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2 b 2 2 a 2
sin x 2 d
2
0 a b
2 2 2

2 sin x . b a
2 2

2 d
0 a 2 2 b 2

2 b2 a 2 sin x .
i.e. e ax e bx

0
2
a 2 2 b 2
d

2 b2 a 2 sin x
d
ax bx
i.e. e e
0
2
a 2 2 b 2
(ii) State and Prove convolution theorem on Fourier transforms
Statement: The Fourier transforms of the convolution of f x and g x is the product of their
Fourier transforms.
F f x * g x F f x F g x
Proof:

1
F f *g f * g x e
is x
dx
2

m
m

1 1
f t g x t dt
o
eis x dx

2
1

f t
u l
2

l..cco

g x te
is x
dx dt

2
1

p
p a
a u
f t
2
1



g x t e dx dt
is x

2
1

r e
e jjiinn


2

f t F g x t dt

w
w1
.
.
2

f t e
is t
F g t dt f g x t eis t F g t

w
w
w
w 2
1
2

f t e

F f * g F s .G s .
is t
dt G s F g t G s

F f t F s .

cos x
Problem 21 (i) Using Fourier Integral prove that 2
d e x , x 0 .
0
1 2
a 2 x 2 , x a
(ii). Find the Fourier transform of f x and hence evaluate
0, x a

sin t t cos t sin t t cos t
2

(i) dt (ii) dt
0 0
t3 t3

x
(i) Given f x e . Therefore f t e t
2 2

2
The Fourier cosine integral of f x is f x cos x f t cos t dt d
0 0

2
cos x e t cos t dt d
0 0
2
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2 et
2
cos x 2 cos t sin t d
20 1 0

1
cos x 2 d
0 1
x cos x
e 2 d .
2 0
1
(ii). Fourier transform of f x is

F f x
1
f x .e
is x
dx
2

1
a
0 a x e dx 0
2 2 is x

2 a
1
a
a x cos sx i sin x dx
2 2

2 a
a

2

2 0
a 2 x 2 cos sx dx a 2 x 2 sin sx is an odd fn.
a
2 2 sin sx cos sx sin sx


a x2
s
2 x
s
2 2
s
3
0

2a cos as 2a sin as
2
0
s2

s3

. cco

o m
m



s3

a
a u
u ll .
2 2a cos as 2sin as

2 sin as as cos as
F s 2

jjiinnp
p s3
By inverse Fourier transforms,
1

f x

w .
. r
r
1

e
e
2

F s e is x dx

w w
w w1
2

2
2 sin as as cos as
s3
cos sx i sin sx ds

w


2 sin as as cos as
f x cos sx dx ( the second terms is on odd function )
s3
Put a 1
2

sin s s cos s 1 x 2 , x 1
f x 2 cos sx ds f x
s3 0 , x 1
Put x 0

4 sin s s cos s f 0 1 0
f 0 ds
0 s3 1

4 sin s s cos s
1 ds
0 s3
sin t cos t
4 0
dt.
t3
Hence (i) is proved. Using Parsevals identify

F s ds f x
2 2
dx

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2

2 sin as as cos as a

2 ds a x dx
2 2

3
s a

8 sin s s cos s
2 1

ds 1 x dx
2 2

3
s 1

8 sin s s cos s
2 1
2 ds 2 1 x dx
2

0 s 3
0
2 1
16 sin s s cos s x5 2 x3
0 ds 2 x
s3 4 3 0
2
sin s s cos s 8
0 s 3 ds 2
16 15 15
Put a 1
Put s = t
2
sin t t cos t
0 t 3 dt . Hence (ii) is proved.
15

, 0 x

1 cos
Problem 22 (i) Using Fourier Integral prove that sin xd 2
0
0, x
1 x , x 1

. cco
o m
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f x

m
0, x 1
and hence find the value of

l .
sin 2 t sin 4 t
(i) 2 dt .
0
t

a
a u
u l (ii) 4 dt .
0
t

Solution:

jjiin

n

p
p
f x 2
0 x
1

e
e
(i)

w
w .
. r
r 0 x

w
w w
f t 2
0

2
0t

t
Fourier sine integral of f x is

f x sin x sin t dt d
0 0

2
sin x sin t dt d
0 0
2

sin x sin t dt d
0 0

cos t
sin x d
0 0


1 cos in 0 x
Hence sin x sin x 2 from 1
0 0
0 in x

1
(ii) The Fourier transform of f x f x e
is
dx
2
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1

1 x cos sx i sin sx dx
1

2 1
1

1 x cos sx dx 1 x sin sx is an odd fn.

1

2 1
1
2 sin sx cos sx
1 x 1 2
2 s s 0
2 cos s 1
2 2
2 s s
2 1 cos s
F s 1
s 2
(i) By inverse Fourier transform

1
f x F s e isx ds
2

2 1 cos s
cos ssx i sin sx by 1
1

2

s 2

1 1 cos s
cos sx ds ( Second term is odd)
s 2

2 1 cos s
f x
0 s 2
cos sx ds

Putx 0

. cco
o m
m

.
2 1 cos s
1 0

a
a u
u ll 0 s 2
1 cos s
ds

jj

iin
0

np
p s 2 ds

2sin 2 s / 2

2

w .
. r
r e
e

0
s 2

put t s / 2
ds
2
ds 2dt

w w
w w
2sin 2 t
2t 2
2dt

w
0
2

sin 2 t
0 t 2 dt 2 .

(ii) Using Parsevals identity.

F s ds f x
2 2
dx

2

2 1 cos s 1

s 2 1 1 x dx
2
ds


2 1 cos s
2 1

ds 1 x dx
2

s 2
1

4 1 cos s
2 1

ds 2 1 x dx
2

0 s 2
0
2
2 s
2sin
2
1
4 1 x 3
0
ds 2
s2 3 0


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4
2 s
sin
16 2 ds 2 ; Let t s / 2, dt ds
0 s 2

3 2


4
16 sin t 2

0 2t 2 dt
3
4
16 sin t 1

16 0 t
dt
3


4
sin t
0 t dt 3 .
Problem 23 (i) Find the Fourier sine transform of e x . Hence prove that

x sin x
0 1 x 2 dx 2 e , 0 .
(ii)Find the Fourier sine transform of e ax a 0 .Hence find (a) FC xe ax and
e ax
(b) FS .
x
Solution:

(i) Fs f x
2

. cco m
0

o m
f x sin sx dx

l .
2 x
0
x

l
Fs e e sin sx dx

2 x

0
p a
a u
u
e sin sx dx

p
2 s
sin sx dx
1 s2

r e jjiinn
Result: e ax sin bxdx

e
b
a b2

r
2

.
.
0

w
By Fourier sine inversion formula, we have

w w
w w f x
2

0
Fs s sin sx ds

w e x

2 s sin sx
2
0 s 1
ds
2


2 s
sin sx ds
0 1 s2

s sin sx

0
s 1
2
ds e x
2
put x a

s sin sa
0
1 s 2
ds e a
2
Replace S by x

x sin ax

0
1 x 2
dx e a .
2

(ii) . Fs f x
2
f x sin sx dx
0

Fs e ax
2 ax
0
e sin sx dx
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2 e ax 2 s
2 2 a sin sx s cos sx ....... 1
a s a2 s2
By Property

Fs x f x Fc f x
d
ds
Fs x f x Fs f x
d
ds
(a) To Find Fc x e ax

Fs e ax
d
Fc x e ax
ds
d 2 s

ds s 2 a 2

2 a 2 s 2 2s 2

a 2 s 2 2


2 a2 s2
Fc x. f x
a 2 s 2 2

(b) To find Fs
e
x
ax

. cco
o
m
m
u
u
Fs f x

a
a ll . 2 e

0 t
at
sin st dt 1

F s

jjiinnp
p
0 t

2 e at
sin st dt

w .d
r
re
e
Diff. on both sides w.r to s we get

. F s

d 2 e at
ds 0 t
ax

a

w
sin st dt e cos bx dx
b2 a2

w
ds 0

w
w w

2 e at

0 s t


sin st dt

2 te at cos st
0 t
dt

2 at
0
e cos st dt

d 2 at 2 a
F s e cos st dt
ds 0 s2 a2
Integrating w.r. to s we get
2 a
F s ds c
s a2
2

2 1 s
a. tan 1 c
a a
But F s 0 When s 0 c 0 from (1)
2 s
F s tan 1 .
a
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x2
a2 x2 2
Problem 24 (i) Find the Fourier transform of e Hence prove that e is self reciprocal
with respect to Fourier Transforms.
1
(ii) Find the Fourier cosine transform of x n 1 . Hence deduce that is self-reciprocal
x
1
under cosine transform. Also find F .
x

Solution:

1
(i) F f x f x e dx
is x

2

1
e a x eis dx
2 2

2

1
a 2 x 2 is x

2

e dx

1 a 2 x 2 is x
e dx 1
2
Consider a 2 x 2 isx

ax 2 ax
2 is is 2 is 2

2 a 2 a 2a
is
ax 2
2a 4a
s2

. cco
o m
m
2

a
a u
u l
F f x l
Sub: (2) in (1) ,We get

.
1

e
is s 2
ax 2
2 a 4 a
dx

jji
1 4 a2

inn
p
p
2
s2
ax
e 2 a dx


is 2

e
e

w
w

2

.
. r
r e
1 4 a2
2
e

et
2 dt
s2
Let t ax
is
, dt adx

w
a 2a

w
s2
t 2

w

F e a2 x2 1 e 4 a2 e dt
a 2

s2
1
e 4 a2
3
a 2
1
Put a in 3
2
F e x / 2 e S / 2
2 2

e S / 2 is self reciprocal with respect to Fourier Transforms.
2

(ii). Fc f x
2
f x cos sx dx
0

Fc x n 1
2 n 1
1
0
x cos sx dx

We know that n e y y n 1dy
0

Put y ax, we get e ax ax adx n
n 1

0
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n
e
ax
x n 1dx
0
an
Put a = is

n
e is x x n 1dx
is
n
0

n
cos sx i sin sx x
n 1
dx n
in
0
s
n
n

cos i sin
s
n
2 2
n n n
n cos i sin
s 2 2
Equating real parts, we get

n n
0 x cos sxdx s n cos 2
n 1
2

Using this in (1) we get

2 n n
Fc x n 1 cos
s n
2
1
Put n
2

Fc
1

2 2
1

. cco
o m
m
cos

x
2 1

a
a


u
u ll .
s
1

4

p
s 2 2

1
s

e jjiinnp
Hence

w
w .
. r
r
1
x
eis self-reciprocal under Fourier cosine transform

w
1

w
w w
To find F

1
F
1x1

x

1

e
is x
x
dx

1 1
cos sx is insx dx
2 x

2 1
cos sx dx The sec ond term odd
2 0 x
Put n =1/2 in (2), we get

cos sx 1/ 2

0 x
dx
s
cos
4
1

s 2 2s
1 2 1
F .
x 2s s
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e as
Problem 25 (i) Find f x if its Fourier sine Transform is
.
s
(ii) Using Parsevals Identify for Fourier cosine and sine transforms of e ax , evaluate

1 x2
(a). dx (b). 0 x 2 a 2 2 dx
0 a x
2 2 2

Solution:
e as
(i) Let Fs f x
s
as
2 e
Then f x 1
0 s
sin sx dx

df 2 as 2 a

dx

0
e cos sx ds
a x2
2

2 dx
F x a 2
a x2
2 x
tan 1 c 2
a
At x 0, f 0 0 using (1)
2
(2) => f 0 tan 1 0 c c 0

Hence f x
2

x

c
tan 1 .

l ..
a

co
o m
a
a u
u l

dx

p
(ii) (a)To find

p a x2
2

n
2

i n
0

Fc e

.
. r
r e
e jj
ax

i
2 ax
0

e cos sx dx

w
2 e ax
2 2 a cos sx s sin sx

w
w w
w
a s
2 a
Fc e ax
a 2 s 2
By Passevals identify.
0

f x dx Fc s ds
2 2

0 0
2

2 a

0 e dx 0 a 2 s 2 ds, from (1)

2 ax

e2 ax 2 2 ds
2 a

a
0 0 a2 s2
2

1 2a 2 ds
2a

0 a s2
2

x2
i.e R e place ' s ' by x
0 a 2
x 2 2
4a 3

x2
(b) To find
0 a x
2 2 2
dx
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Fs e ax
2 ax
0
e sin sx dx

2 e ax
2 2 a sin sx s cos sx
a s 0
2 s
Fs e ax
a 2 s 2
By parsevals identify

f x dx Fs f x ds
2 2

0 0
2
2 s
e dx 0 a 2 s 2
ax 2
ds
0

s e 2 ax 1
i.e 2 2 ds
0 a s
2 2 a 0 2 2 a

x2
dx Re place ' s ' by ' x ' .
0 x2 a
2 2 4a

Problem 26 (i). Find the Fourier cosine transform of e ax cos ax

x2

m
1
(ii). Evaluate (a). 2 0 x 2 a 2 x2 b2 dx , using Fourier cosine and
m
dx (b).
0 x 1 x 4

o
2

sine transform.
Solution:

u ll..cco
(i) Fc f x

p
p a
a u 2

0
f x cos sx dx

Fc e

r jj
ax

e
e iinn

2 e ax cos sx dx

. r
0

w w
w .
Fc s
2 a
s 2 a 2

w w
By Modulation Theorem,

w
Fc e ax cos ax
1
Fc f x cos ax Fc a s Fc a s
2
1 2

a

a

2 a 2 a s 2 a 2 a s 2

2 2
a a s a a s
2 2
1 2
a 2
.
2 a a s a a s
2 2 2

a 4a 2 2 s 2
4 4
2 s 4a
2a 2 s 2
2a
Fc e ax cos ax s 4 4a 4 .
2

(ii) (a) Let f x e and g x e 2 x
x

Fc e x
2 x
0
e cos sx dx

2 e x
2 cos x s sin sx
s 1 0
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2 1
s 2 1 1

Fc e2 x
2 2 x
0
e cos sx dx

2 2
2 2
s 4

f x g x dx Fc f x Fc g x ds
0 0

2 1 1
e
x 2 x
dx ds from 1 & 2
0 s 1 s 4
2 . 2
e
0

4 ds
e dx
3 x
ds
0
0 s 1 s 2 4
2

ds e 3 x 1
0 s 2 1 s 2 4 4 3 4 3
0

ds
s
0
2 2
.
1 s 4 12

x2
(b) To find

.
x
0

cco
o m
m 2
a 2 x 2 b 2
dx.

l .
Let

Fs g x
a
a u
u
2 ax l
f x e ax , g x ebx
2 s

1

p e sin sx

p

0 s2 a2

r e
e jjiin
Fs g x
n 2 bx

0

e sin sx
2 s

s 2 b2
2

w
w .
. r
f x g x dx Fs f x .Fs g x ds From (1) and(2)

w
w 2
ax bx

s2
s2

0

0 e e dx 0 s 2 a 2 s 2 b2 ds
a b x
s
0
2
a 2 s 2 b 2
ds
2 0
e dx

x2 e a b x
i.e x
0
2
a 2 x 2 b 2
dx
2 a b 0 2 a b
.

1, 0 s 1


Problem 27 (i). Solve for f x from the integral equation f x sin sxdx 2, 1 s 2 .
0 0, s2

1, x a 2 sin as
(ii). If the Fourier transform of f x , defined by f x
s
is .
0, x a
x
Find F f x 1 cos .
a
Solution:

(i) Fs f x
2
f x sin sx dx
0
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1 for 0 s 1

Fs f x 2 for 1 s 2
2 0 for
s2
By invese Fourier sine transform ,

Fs f x sin sx ds
2
f x
0
2
1 2
2

0 0
sin sx dx
1
2sin sx
2
0.sin sx ds

2 cos sx 2 cos sx
1 2

x 0 x 1
2 cos x 1 2 cos 2 x 2 cos x

x x x x
2 cos x 1 2 cos 2 x

x
2
f x 1 cos x 2 cos 2 x .
x

(ii). Given F f x
2 sin as
1
s

m
From Modulation Theorem

l .
2

.cco m
F f x cos ax f s a f s a where F f x f s
1

o
l

Let a

a
a u
u
x 1

p
F f x cos F s F s

n
a 2 a a

r
r

e
e

jjii n
sin a s sin a s
a 2 sin as

.
1 2 a F s

.

s

w
2 s s

w w
w w
1 a
a a

sin as cos cos as sin

a
sin as cos cos as sin

w

2 as as
1 a
sin as
a
sin as
2 as as
1 a s sin as a sin as a s sin as a sin as
2 2

2 2 a 2 s 2
2a 2 s sin as

2 2 a 2 s 2
x 2 a 2 s sin as
F f x cos
a 2 a 2 s 2
x x
F f x 1 cos F f x F f x cos
a a
2
2 sin as 2 a sin as

s 2 a2s2
2 1 a2 s
sin as 2 2 2
s a s
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2 2 a2 s2 a2 s2
sin as
s a s
2 2 2

2 sin as 2
2 2
s a s 2

2 2 sin as. 2
.
2 s 2 a 2 s 2

a x
Problem 28 (i). Find Fourier transform of e and hence deduce that

cos xt a x 2 2as
(a). 2 2 dt e (b). F xe a x i .
0
a t 2a s a 2 2
2

(ii) . Find Fourier cosine transform of e ax sin ax .

Solution;
(i) Fourier transform of f x is

F f x
1
f x e
is x
dx
2

1
e cos sx i sin sx dx
a x

1
2

e

a x

l .. o
o m
cos sx dx

cc
e a x sin sx is odd fn.

F e
a x 2 a

a
2

a u
u l
2 a s
2
F s 1

jjii p
p
(a) Using Fourier inverse transform,

nn

e
1
e a x F s e
isx

e
ds

w
w .
.
1
r
r
2
2 a

a 2 s 2
cos sx i sin sx ds

w
2

w
a cos sx sin sx
2 2 ds 0 2 is an odd fn.
a s s a
2


2a cos xt

a 2 t 2 dt Re place ' s ' by ' t '

a x cos xt
e 2 2 dt .
2a
a t
(b) . Find Fourier cosine transform of eax sin ax .
2 2as
To prove F xe i
a x

s 2 a 2 2
Property:
n
n d F
F x n f x i
ds n
dF s
F x f x i
ds

F xe a x

i dF e a x

ds
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d 2 a
i
ds a s 2
2

2 2 s 2 2as
ia i .
a s
2 2 2
a s 2 2
2

(ii) Find the Fourier cosine transform of eax sin ax .

Fc f x
2
f x cos sx dx
0

2 ax
0
Fc e ax sin ax e sin ax cos sx dx

2 1 ax
e sin s a x sin s a x dx
2 0

1 sa sa ax b
2 2 2 e sin bx dx 2
2 a s a a s a a b2
2
0

1
a 2 s a 2 s a s a a 2 s a 2


2 2 2

a s a a s a
2 2

1 2a 2 s s 3 2as 2 2a 3 as 2 2a 2 s 2 s 2 s 3 2as 2 2a3 s 2 a 2 sa 2

. c o
o m
m
4a 4 2a 2 s 3 4a 3 s 2a 2 s 2 s 4 2as 3 4a 3 s 2as 2 4a 2 s 2
2 a 2a s

.
2 2
2 2a 3 as 2
4 4
2 4a s

u ll
4a 4 s 4

a
a u

.

j iin p
p
Problem 29 (i). State and Prove Parsevals Identity in Fourier Transform.

n
(ii). Find Fourier cosine transform of e x

j
2

.
. r
r
Solution:

w e
e
w w w
(i) Parsevals identity:

w
Statement: If F s is the Fourier transform of f x , then

f x dx F s

w
2 2

Pr oof by convolution theorem F f * g F s G s

f * g F 1 F s G s

1 1
f t g x t dt F s G s e
is x
ds 1
2 2

Put x 0 and g t f t , then it follows that G s F s

1 becomes

f t f t dt

F s F s ds


i.e. f t dt F s ds
2 2

i.e. f t dx F s ds
2 2

(ii)

2
Fc f x f x cos sx dx
0
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2 x2
Fc e x
0
2
e cos sx dx


2 1
e x cos sx dx
2

2

1
e cos sx dx
x

2

1
e
x
RP of e isx dx
2

2

1
e e dx
x is x 2
= R.P of
2

1
e
x 2
is x
= R.P of dx
2
2
s
4
1 e
e
x 2
is x
= R.P of dx
2
s2
4
e

1
= R.P of e s e
2
/4 x 2 isx s 2 / 4
dx
2

1 x is / 2
e
2
= R.P of e s
2
/4

m
dx

Put
x is
t dx dt

l ..cco
o m 2

l
2
When t
t y

p
p a
a u
y

u e s / 4
2

n
Fc f x R.P of e dt
t

n
2

. r
r e
e jjii 2
e s2 / 4

t 2
e dt

.
R.P.of
2

w
w w
w
e s
2
/4

w
2

w
Fc e

x2

e s
2

2
/4
.

sin ax

sin 2 ax
Problem 30 (i). Find the Fourier transform of
x
and hence prove that x 2 dx 4a .

2sin 3 s 2
(ii). Find f x , if the Fourier transform of F s is .
s 2
Solution:

1
(i) F f x f x e
is x
dx
2

sin ax 1 sin ax is x
F
x
2 x
e dx

1 sin ax
cos sx sin x dx
2 x

2


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sin ax
F 2 1
x

2 sin a s x sin a s x 2

dx
2 2 if a s 0 & a s 0

0
x x
if a s 0 & a s 0 or a s 0 & a s 0

By Parsevals identity

f x F s
2 2
dx ds

a
sin 2 ax
2 ds 2 s a 2 a a 4 a
2

x 2 dx a
a

sin 2 ax
i.e. dx 4 a.

x2
2 sin 3s
(ii) Let us find F 1
s

2sin 3s 1 2sin 3s is x
F 1
s 2 s
e ds

1 2sin 3s 1 2sin 3s cos sx
cos sx i sin sx ds

m
ds
2 s 0

o
s

u ll. cco
(By the property of odd and even function)

.
1 sin 3 x s sin 3 x

u
ds
0

a
s s

j
s

iinnp
1 sin 3 x s

p a
ds
sin 3 x s
s
ds

j
0

w .
. r
r e
e
2 2 if 3 x 0 & 3 x 0

w w
w
0
w if 3 x 0 & 3 x 0 or
3 x 0&3 x 0

w
sin mx

0 x

dx or according as m >0 or m < 0 .
2
1 if 3 x 3
2

0 if x 3 or x 3
1 if x 3

0 if x 3 1
By the shitting property, F eiax f x F s a
eiax f x F 1 F s a
2sin 3 s 2 i 2 1 2sin 3s
Thus F 1 e F
s 2 s
1 if x 3
e i 2
0 if x 3

i 2
ei 2 x if x 3
e .
0 if x 3