www.Vidyarthiplus.

com

UNIT II FOURIER TRANSFORMS

PART – A

Problem 1 If the Fourier transform of f 

x is F s  then, what is Fourier transform of
?
f ax
Solution:
Fourier transform of f x is

F  f 
x 
1
F 
s  f 
x e is xdx
2 

F f   1
ax e
 f ax
is x
dx
2 
Put t ax
dt adx

F f   1 dt
ax f t
e ist /a 
2  a

1 1
.  f t
e is t/ a dt
a 2 
1 
F f 
ax  .F  .
s
a  a
Problem 2 Find the Fourier sine transform of e 3 x .
Solution:


Fs  f 
x 
2
f 
 
x sin sx dx
0


Fs e3 x 
2

3 x
e sin sx dx
 0

2  e 3 x

 2 3 sin sx s cos x 
 s 9 
0

2  s  e ax 
2 
a sin bx b cos bx .
 s 2 9  
 e sin bx dx
ax

a b
2


Problem 3 Find the Fourier sine transform of f 

x e ax , a 0 . Hence deduce that

x sin x  
 1 x 2
dx
2
e .
0

Solution:


Fs  f 
x  f 
2
x sin sx dx
 0

Fs eax 
2

ax
e sin sx dx
 0

2  s 
 
 s 2 a 2 
By inverse Sine transform, we get

2
f  Fs 
 
x s sin sx ds
0

2 2  s 
  sin sx ds
 0  s 2 a 2 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com


2 s sin sx
f 
 
x ds
0
s 2 a 2

 s sin sx
f 
x  ds
2 0
s a
2 2

 ax  s sin sx
2
e 0 s 2 a 2 ds
Put a 1, x 
   s sin sx
2
e 0 s 2 1 ds
Replace ‘s’ by ‘ x ’

s sin sx  
0 1 x 2 dx 2 e .

1
Problem 4 Prove that FC  f 
x cos ax  FC s a FC s a 
 2  .
Solution:

2
Fc  f  f 
 
s Fc  
x  x cos sx dx
0

2
f 
Fc  x cos ax 
 
f 

x cos ax cos sx dx
0

2

cos a s x cos a s 
x 
f 

x  dx
 0  2 

1  2

 1 
  2 


  f 
x cos s a 
xdx   f  x cos s a xdx 
2 
  0 
  0
2   

1
Fc s a Fc s a 
2  .
cos x, 0 
x a
Problem 5 Find the Fourier cosine transform of f  x  .
 0, x a
Solution:

2a
Fc  f 
x  f 
2
 
x cos sx dx cos x cos sxdx
 0 0

2 a cos s 1x cos s 1x 

 
 dx
0  
2
1 sin s 1x sin s 1x 
a

  
2  s 1 s 1 0

1 sin s 1a sin s 1a 

  , provided S 1, S 1.
2  s 1 s 1 

Problem 6 Find FC xe ax  and FS xeax .

Solution:
Fc xe ax 
d
Fs f 
x 
ds  

Fc xe ax 

d
Fs 
eax 
 
ds
d  2 ax 


 e sin sx dx

ds   0 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

 
d  2 s  2  a 2 s 2 
  .
ds   s 2 a 2   s 2 a 2 2 
 
ax  
Fs 
xe 
ax d
 ds 
Fc e  Fs xf 


x  
d
ds

Fc f 
x  


d  2 ax 


 
e cos sx dx
ds   0 
 
d  2 a  2  2as 
   .
ds   s 2 a 2   s 2 a 2 2 
 

Problem 7 If F s  is the Fourier transform of f x  , then prove that the Fourier transform of
e ax
f 
x is F s a .
Solution:

F  f 
x 
1
F 
s  f 
x e is xdx
2 

F  x 
1
e iax f  eiax f 
 x e is x dx
2 

1
 eia s x f 

x dx
2 
F 
s a .

Problem 8 Find the Fourier cosine transform of e2 x 3e x .

Solution:
Let f 
x e2 x 3e x

Fc  f 
x 
2
f 
 
x cos sx dx
0

2  2 x 
 

Fc  3e  e cos sx dx 

2 x x
e  3e x cos sx dx
 0 0 
2  2 3 
  2 .
 s 4 s 1
2

Problem 9 State convolution theorem.

Solution:
If F(s) and G(s) are Fourier transform of f x and g xrespectively,
 Then the Fourier
transform of the convolutions of f  x and g 
x is the product of their Fourier transforms.

f 
i.e. F  x * g 
x  f 
 F  F g x
x 
 

Problem 10 Derive the relation between Fourier transform and Laplace transform.
Solution:
e xt g 
t , t 0
Consider f t 
1
0 , t 0
The Fourier transform of f x is given by

1
f t
F  
 f t
 e dtist
2 

1
e xt g 
t e dtis t
2 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com


1
eis x t g 


t dt
2 

1
e pt g 
t dt where p x is
2 
  

L g tL  f t e st f t
1
dt 
2 
  0 

1
Fourier transform of f t Laplace transform of g(t) where g(t) is defined by (1).
2

1
Problem 11 Find the Fourier sine transform of .
x
Solution:


Fs  f 
x  
2
f 
x sin sx dx
 0


1 2 1
 
Fs  sin sx dx

x 0
x
Let sx 
sdx d
; : 0 


1 2 s d
Fs 

x 

0
sin 
s

2 sin    sin  

 0 
d
 0 
d 
2 

2  
 .
 
2 2

Problem 12 Find f x  if its sine transform is eas , a 0 .

Solution:
Fs f 
x  F 
s
Given that Fs f 
x  eas

2
f  Fs 
 
x s sin x dx
0

2 as
 
e sin sx ds
0

2  e as 
 2  2 a sin sx x cos sx 
 a s 
0

2  x 
  2 
.
a x 
2


x2
Problem 13 Using Parseval’s Theorem find the value of  x dx,a 0 . Find the Fourier
 a 2 
2 2
0

a x
transform of e , a 0 .
Solution:
 

 f 
x dx  F 
2 2
Parseval’s identify is s ds
 

2  s 
Result : Fs eax   2
 s a 2 


www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

2
 
 2 s 
 e 
2
  s 2 a 2  ds
ax
dx 
  
2

 2

s 
2e ax 2

dx 2 

  s a 2 
2  ds
0 0  
 
e 2 ax  2 s2
 
  ds
 2a 0 0 s a 
2 2 2


s2  0 1  
i.e.,  ds   .
0 s 2
a 2 2
 2  2a  4a

x 2

 dx .
0 x 2
a 
2 2 4a

1, 0 x 1
Problem 14 Find the Fourier sine transform of f  x  .
0, x 1
Solution:


The Fourier sine transform of f x is given by Fs  f 

x  
2
f 
x sin sx dx
 0
2  

2 cos sx 
1 1

sin sx dx 
0 sin sx dx 
 0 1   
 s  0

2 cos s 1  2 1 cos s 

    .
  s s   
s s 


Problem 15 Find the Fourier transform of e-a|x|, a > 0

Solution:

F  f 
x 
1
f 

x e is xdx
2 

1


e a x eis x dx
2 

1
e a x cos sx isin sx dx



2 
1

  a x 
 
a x
e cos sx dx e sin sx dx 0, odd function 
2    

2


e a x cos sx dx
2 

 

F e ax
2  a 
 2 2 .
2 a s 

PART- B


1, x 1
Problem 16 (i) Express the function f  x  as a Fourier integral. Hence evaluate

0, x 
1
 
sin cos x  sin 
0   d  and find the value of 0   d .

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

 0, x 0
 1

(ii) Find the Fourier integral of the function f 
x  , x 0 verify the representation
 2x
e , x 0

directly at the point x 0.

Solution:
(i) The Fourier Integral formula for f x is

1
f  f tcos t x dt d 
 
x
0 


1 for t 1
Given f t
0 for t 1

1  1 
  1 
f       
   
x  0 cos  t x dt d  cos  t x dt d  0 cos  t x dt d 

0  1 1 
1 sin t x 
 1

 
  d 
0 
 1
1 sin 1 x sin 
1 x 



 0 
d 

1 sin 1 x sin 

1 x 


 
d 
0


2 sin cos x
f 
x
  
d  2 sin A cos B sin( A B ) Sin(A B) 
0

 sin cos x
f 
x  d  
1
2 0

Deduction part:
When x 0

2 sin
f 
 
0 1, 1 d (from 1)
0


sin
  d  / 2.
0

(ii) The Fourier integral of f x is


1
f  f tcos t x dt d 
 
x
0 

1 0 
 

f   
  0
t
x  0 dt  e cos  t x dt  
d
0  
1  t 
 

 e cos t x dt d 


 0 0 

1
 e t cos t x dt d

  
 0 0
 
1  e t 
  2  cos t x sin t x dt  d 
 0  1 0

1 cos x sin x
f  d 
 
x 1
0
2 1
Putting x 0 in (1)

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com


1 d 
f 
0  2 1

0

1 

tan 1

  0
1

tan 1  tan10 
 

1   

 0  f 
0 
 2  
2

1 
f 
0 
 
2
1
f 
0 .
2
The value of the given function at x 0 is ½
Hence verified.

2  2 cos x 

 2

 
Problem 17 (i) Using Fourier integral, prove that e cos x x
 d .

0 

4
4 




sin sin x  sin x, 0  x 
(ii) Using Fourier integral prove that  d  
2 .
0 
1 
2
  0,
 x 
Solution:
(i) The Fourier cosine integral of f x is
 
2
f  cos x f tcos t dt d
 
x
0 0

2

 t 

 0
cos 
x e cos tcos t dt d 
0 
2

 t cos 1t cos t 
 t 

 0
cos x e 
0  2
d 



1

 t 

   
   0
t
cos 
x  e cos  
1 t dt  e cos t t dt d 
0 0 
1
  1 1 
 
cos 
x   2 
d 
1 1 1 1 
2
0  
1
 1 2 
1 2 1 2
1 2 
 
cos 
x  d 
0 
 
2
2 2 
2
2 
1  

1
 2 2 2 
 
cos 
x  2 d 
  4 
0  
2

2 2 
 
x
e cos x cos x 4 d  (Proved).
0
 4

(ii)

x 
 sin x, 0 
Given f 
x 2

0 , x 
Since the LHS in the given problem is in terms of sine, let as use Fourier sine integral
formula.
Fourier since integral of f x is

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

 
2
f  sin x f tsin t dt d 
 
x
0 0
 
2  
sin x  sin tsin t dt d  as f 
x x 
sin x in 0
 0 0
2 2
2 

cos 1 t cos 1 t 
 sin x  dt d
 2 0 
2 

1

sin 1 t sin 1 t 
2 
sin 
x    d 
0  1  1  0
 
1 sin tcos t cos tsin t sin tcos t cos tsin t 
20
sin x 
 1 

1  
0
d 

1 sin  sin 
20
sin x  
 1  1  

d 

1

1 sin 
1 sin 
20
sin x 
 1 2



1 2 sin 
20
sin x 
 1  
2

d 

sin x sin 
f 
x  1  2
d 
0



sin x sin   sin x, x 
0 
i.e.  d  2 .
1 2

0
 0, x 0

Problem 18 (i) Using Fourier sine integral for f 

x e ax , a 0 . Show that

sin x   ax
  a
2 2 
d 
 2
e
0


a  x , x a
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f 
x  . Hence deduce

 0, x a
 2
sin t  
that   dt .
0 
t  2

Solution:
(i). Fourier sine integral of f t is
 
2
f  sin x f tsin t dt d
 
x
0 0

Given f 
x e ax
 
2
f 
x sin x 
e at sin t dt d
 0 0
 
2  eat 
2 
sin x  2 a sin t cos t  d 
 0 a  0

2   
f 
x sin x  2 2 
d 
 0  a 
 
 sin x  ax sin x
f 
x  2 d . e  a d .
2 0
 a 2 2 0
2 2

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com


1
f 
(ii) F  x 
  f 
x e is xdx
2 
1  a 

a  

f    a  x e dx 

is x
x 0 dx 0 dx 
2  a a 

1 a
a  x cos sx isin sx dx

2 a

1 a
a  x cos sx dx 0
2 a
 a sin sx & x sin sx are odd functions 
  

1  a 
2a x cos sx dx 
2  0 
a
2  sin sx  cos sx 
f 
x a x  s 

1  
2     s 
2
0

2  cos sx 1 
0  2  2 
 
 s s 
2 1 cos as 
 
 s
2 

 as 
2 sin 2 
2 

2
 
1
  s 2

 

1
By inverse Fourier transform f 
x F 
se isx
ds .
2 
 as 
 2 sin 2 
1 2 
 
2    s
2
2 e is x ds Put x
 0

 
2 as
 sin
2
f 
0  s 2 2 ds
 
as 
sin 2  
a  2 
4 0 s 2 ds
Put a 2

 sin 2s
2 0 s 2 ds [ s is a dummy variable, we can replace it by ‘t’]



2
sin t 
i.e   dt .
0  t  2

x 2
Problem 19 is self – reciprocal with respect to Fourier transform.
(i) Prove that e 2

1, x a


sin s
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f 
x  . Hence evaluate  ds .
0, x a
 0
s
Solution:

(i) f 
x ex
2
/2

F 
s F f 
x 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

F  f 
x 
1
F 
s f 
x e is x dx
2

1

e x / 2eis x dx
2

2 

 is 2 2
i 2s 2
1 is x  

x 2 / 2 2 2
e dx
2 

 sx is 

2 2
1

 2 2
e e dx
2 

x is
Let y x  y 
2

dx 2dy x  y 


1
F  
e y e s / 2 2 dy
2 2
s
2 0


2e s / 2 y 2
2

 
e dy
0


2es / 2 y 2 2e s / 2   x 2  
2 2

 
e dy  e dx 
0  2 0 2 

F  e s i.e. e x

2 2
/2 /2
s is self reciprocal hence proved.

(ii). Fourier transform of f x is



F  f 
x 
1
f 

xe is x
dx
2 

a
1

is x
e dx
2 a

a
1
cos sx i sin sx dx
 
2 a

a
1

cos sx dx sin sx is anodd fn .
2 0

1 a

2 a
cos sx dx

a
2 sin sx 
 
 s  0

2 sin as 
F 
s
 
 s  

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

By inverse Fourier transforms,


1
f 
x F 

s e is xdx
2 


1 2 sin as
 cos sx isin sx dx
2   s

1 sin as  sin as 
 cos sx dx 
0  sin sx is odd 
  s  s 

2 sin as 
 
 cos sx ds
0  s 

put a 1, x 0


2 sin s
f 
 
x ds
0
s



ds  f  a x a 
sin s
2
1 s
0
x 1, 


sin s 
 ds .
0
s 2

Problem 20 (i) Using Fourier integral formula prove that

2 b 2 a 2  sin x

 a  b d , a, b 0 .
ax bx
e e
 0
2 2 2 2

(ii) State and Prove convolution theorem on Fourier transforms.

Solution:

(i) Given f 

x e ax e bx

f t eat e bt 

1

By Fourier sine integral of f x ,

 
2
f  sin x f tsin t.dt d
 
x
0 0


 at bt 
e e sin t dt
2
f 
 
x sin 
x d 
0 0 

2

 at 

sin x e sin t dt e b t sin t dt d  by 
1
 0 0 0 

2    

 0
sin x  2  2
a  b  
2 2

d 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

  2 b 2 2 a 2 

x   2 d 
2
sin 
  a  b 
 0 
2 2 2


2 sin x . b a 

 2 2

 
 2  d 
0 

 a 2

2
b 2
 


2 b2 a 2  sin x . 

 a  b d 
ax
i.e. e ebx
 0
2 2 2 2

2 b 2 a 2  sin x

 a  b d 
ax bx
i.e. e e
 0
2 2 2 2

(ii) State and Prove convolution theorem on Fourier transforms

Statement: The Fourier transforms of the convolution of f x and g xis the product of their
Fourier transforms.
F f  x  F 
x * g  f  F g x
x 
 
Proof:

1
F  f * g   f * g 
 x e is x dx
2 
 
1 1
 f t
 g x t dt e is x
dx
2  2 
 
1 1
 f t 
g x t e is x dx dt
2  2 
1  
 
1
 f t  
g x t e is x dx dt
2  2  

F g x  t dt
1
f t

2 

e Fisgt t  dt f g x t  e F gt 
1
f t
  is t

2 


F 
g t  G 
1
 f t
e dtistG s   s 

2 
F  f * g  F  F f t F 
s G. s .  s 
.


cos x   x
Problem 21 (i) Using Fourier Integral prove that  d 
2 
e , x 0 .
0 
1   2

a x ,
2 2
x a
(ii). Find the Fourier transform of f 
x  and hence evaluate

 0, x a
 
sin t t cos t  sin t t cos t 
2

(i)  dt (ii)   dt

0   0  
t3 t3

 x 
(i) Given f 
x e . Therefore f t et
2 2
 
2
The Fourier cosine integral of f x is f  f tcos t dt d
  
x cos 
x
0 0
 
2 

 0
cos x  e t cos t dt d 
0
2

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

 
2   e t 
 cos x  2 
cos 
t sin 
t 
 d 
 2 0 1 
2
0

 1 
cos x  1 d 
0
2


 x cos x
2
e 1 d .
0
2

(ii). Fourier transform of f x is


F f 
x 
1
f 
x e. is x
dx
2 
1  a 2 

a x 2 eis x dx 0 
0  
2  a 
1 a 2 

a x 2 cos sx i sin x dx 

2 a 
a
2

a 2 x 2 cos sx dx 

2 0
a 2 x2 sin sx is an odd fn .
 
a
2  2 sin sx  cos sx sin sx 

 a x 2   2 x  2 
 2  3 
   s   s   s 
0

2  2a cos as 2a sin as 
0  
 
 s2 s3 

2  2a cos as 2 sin as 

 
 s3 

2 sin as as cos as 
F 
s 2 
1
 
 s3 

By inverse Fourier transforms,

1
f 
x F 

s e is xdx
2 

1 2 sin as as cos as 
 2  cos sx i sin sx ds
2    s3 

2 sin as as cos as
f 
x  cos sx dx (the second terms is on odd function )
  s3
Put a 1
2

sin s s cos s  1 x , x 1
 2

f 
x 2  cos sx ds f 
x  
  s3 
 
0 , x 1

Put x 0

4 sin s s cos s f 
0 1 0 
f 
 
0 ds  
0
s3  1 

4 sin s s cos s
 
1 ds
0
s3
  sin t cos t
4  3
dt.
0
t
Hence (i) is proved. Using Parseval’s identify
 

 F   f 
2 2
s ds x dx
 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

2

 2 sin as as cos as  a

2   a x 2dx

2
 ds

s3  a

8 sin s s cos s 
2 1

 1 x  dx

2 2
 ds
 s3  1

8 sin s s cos s 
2 1
2    ds 1 x  dx
2
2

 0  s3  0
 2 1
16 sin s s cos s   x 5 2 x 3 
 
  ds 2 x   
 
3
0
s  4 3 0
 2
sin s s cos s    8  
0  s3  ds

2  
16 15  15
Put a 1
Put s = t
 2
sin t t cos t  
0  t 3  dt
 15
. Hence (ii) is proved.

 
1 cos   x 
 , 0 
Problem 22 (i) Using Fourier Integral prove that  sin 
xd 2
   
0
0, x 

1  x , x 1
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f 
x  and hence find the value of

 0, x 1
 
sin 2t sin 4t
(i) 0 t 2 dt . (ii) 0 t 4 dt .

Solution:

 x 
0 
(i) f 
x 2 
1

0 x 


 t 
0 
f t 2

0 t 
Fourier sine integral of f x is
 
2
f 
 
x sin x 
sin t dt d 
0 0
 
2 

 0
sin x  sin t dt d 
2
0
 

sin x sin t dt d 

0 0
 
cos 
t 
0 sin x   0 d 
 

1 cos   x 
in 0 
Hence sin x  sin x 2 from 
1
   0 
0
0 in x 


1
(ii) The Fourier transform of f 
x  f 
x e is dx
2 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

1 1
1  x cos sx i sin sx dx

2 1
1 1
1  x cos sx dx 
 1 x sin sx is anodd fn .
2 1
1
2  sin sx  cos sx 
1 x  

1  2 
2   s   s 
0

2  cos s 1 
 2  2 
2  s s 
2 1 cos s 
F 
s 
1
 
 s
2 

(i) By inverse Fourier transform

1
f 
x F 

s e isx ds
2 

2 1 cos s 
cos ssx isin sx by 
1 
1

2   
 s
2 


1 1 cos s 
 s 2 cos sx ds (Second term is odd)
 

2 1 cos s 
f 
 
x  cos sx ds
0 
s 2 
Putx 0

2 1 cos s 
 
1  0  ds
0 
s 2 

1 cos s  

0
s 2 ds
 2
2 sin 2 s / 2 


0 s 2 ds 2
put t s / 2 ds 2dt

2 sin 2 t 

2t
2
2dt
2
0

sin 2t 
0 t 2 dt 2 .

(ii) Using Parseval’s identity.

 

 F  f 

2 2
s ds x dx
 
2

 2 1 cos s  1

 1  x  dx

2
   ds
   s 2
 1

2 1 cos s 
2 1

 s 2  ds 1  x  dx

2

  1

4 1 cos s 
2 1

 1 x 2 dx

 ds 2 
 0  s 2
 0
2
 s 
2 
2 sin  
1
4 
2  1 x 3 
 
  ds 2   
   3  
2
s 
 0
 
0

 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

4
 2 
s 
sin  
16 
2  2 ds


 0  s 2

ds
3
; Let t s / 2, dt
2
 
 
 4
16 sin t  2
 
  2 dt
0 
2t  3
 4
16 sin t  1
16  
  dt
0 
t  3


4
sin t 
0  t  dt 3 .
x 
Problem 23 (i) Find the Fourier sine transform of e . Hence prove that

x sin x   
0  1 x 2 dx 2
e ,  0 .

(ii)Find the Fourier sine transform of eax a 0 .Hence find (a) FC xe ax  and
e ax 
(b) FS  .
 x 
Solution:


(i) Fs  f 
x  
2
f 
x sin sx dx
 0


Fs e 
x 2 x
 
e sin sx dx
0

2 x 2  s 
 
e sin sx dx  sin sx dx
0
 1 s 2 

b
Result: e ax sin bxdx
0
a b 2 2

By Fourier sine inversion formula, we have


2
f  Fs 
 
x s sin sx ds
0

2 2  s 
e x   sin sx ds
 0  1 s 2 

2 s sin sx
 
ds
0
s 2 1

s sin sx  x
s
0
2
1
ds
2
e put x a

s sin sa a
 1 s 2
e 2
ds
0

Replace S by x

x sin ax  a
 1 x
0
2
dx
2
e .



(ii) . Fs  f 
x  f 
2
x sin sx dx
 0


Fs eax 
2 ax
 
e sin sx dx
0

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

2  eax  2  s 
 2 2 a sin sx s cos sx 
  ....... 
1
 a s   a 2 s 2 
By Property

Fc f 
x 
d
Fs 
x f 
x 
 
ds  

 ds Fs  f 
x 
d
x f 
Fs  x 

(a) To Find Fc x e 

ax


Fs eax 
d
Fc 
xe 
ax

ds
d  2  s 
  
ds   s 2 a 2 
 
2 a 2 s 2 2 s 2 
  a 2 s 2 2 
 
 
2  a 2 s 2 
x.f 
Fc  x 
   2 2 2 
a s  
 e ax 
(b) To find Fs  
 x 

2 e at
Fs  f 
x  
 
sin st dt 1
0
t

2 e at
F 
 
s sin st dt
0
t
Diff. on both sides w.r to ‘s’ we get

d 2 e at   ax a 
d
F 
s 
ds  
sin st dt 
e cos bx dx 
b 2 a 2 
ds 0
t  0

2  eat 

 sin st 
 0 s  t
dt


2 te at cos st
 
dt
0
t

2 at
 
e cos st dt
0

d 2 at 2  a 
F 
 
s e cos st dt  
ds 0
 s 2 a 2 
Integrating w.r. to ‘s’ we get
2 a
F 
s  ds c
 s a 2
2

2 1 
s
a. tan 1  c
 a 
a
But F 
s 0 When s 0 c 0 from (1)
2 
s
F 
s tan 1  .
 
a

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

x 2
a 2x 2 2
Problem 24 (i) Find the Fourier transform of e Hence prove that e is self reciprocal
with respect to Fourier Transforms.
n 1 1
(ii) Find the Fourier cosine transform of x . Hence deduce that is self-reciprocal
x
 1 
under cosine transform. Also find F  .
 x 
 
Solution:

1
f 
(i) F  x 
 f 
x e is xdx
2 

1

e a x eisdx
2 2

2 

1 a 2x 2 is x
 dx
2 
e

1 a 2x 2 is x 
 e dx 
1
2 
Consider a 2x 2 isx
 2
is  is   is 
2


ax
2
2 
ax  
   
2a 2a  2a 
2
 is  s 2
ax    2 
2
 2a  4a
Sub: (2) in (1) ,We get
 is  s 2 

ax   2 
1
f  

 2 a  4 a 

F  x 
 e dx
2 
s2   is 2
1 4 a 2 ax  

2
e 

e  2 a  dx

s2 
1 4 a 2 2 dt is
2
e 

e t
a
Let t ax  , dt
2a
adx

1  2
s2
  t 2 
F 
e a 2x 2  e 4a
 
e dt 
  a 2
  
s2
1  2
e 4a


3
a 2
1
Put a in 3
2
F 
e x / 2  S 2 / 2
2

 e

e S / 2 is self reciprocal with respect to Fourier Transforms.

2



(ii). Fc  f 
x  f 
2
x cos sx dx
 0


Fc x n 1 

2 n 1

 
x cos sx dx 1
0

We know that 
n e
y
y n 1dy
0


e  adx 

ax n 1
Put y ax,we get ax n
0

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com



n
e
ax
x n 1dx
0
an
Put a = is


n
eis x x n 1dx
0 
is
n



n n
cos sx i sin sx x
n 1
dx n
i
0
s


n    
n

cos isin 
s n  2 2 

n  n n
cos isin
s 
n
2 2 

Equating real parts, we get


n n
0 x cos sxdx s n cos 2 
n 1
2

Using this in (1) we get

2  n
Fc x n 1 
n
cos
 s n
2
1
Put n
2

1

 1  2  2 
Fc   cos
 s
 x  4
2  1   1 

 
 s 2   2 
1
s
1
Hence is self-reciprocal under Fourier cosine transform
x
 1 
To find F  
 1x1 

 1  1

is x
F  
 
e dx

 x 
 2  x

1 1
cos sx is insx dx

2  x

2 1
 cos sx dx The sec ond termodd 
2 0 x
Put n =1/2 in (2), we get


cos sx 1 / 2 

x
dx
s
cos
4
0

 1 
s 2 2s

 1 
 2  1
F    .
 x   2s s
 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

e as
Problem 25 (i) Find f x  if its Fourier sine Transform is .
s
(ii) Using Parseval’s Identify for Fourier cosine and sine transforms of e ax , evaluate
 
1 x2
(a).  dx (b). 0 x 2 a 2 2 dx
0 a x   
2 2 2

Solution:
e as
(i) Let Fs  f 
x 
s
 as
2 e
Then f  
 
x sin sx dx 1
0
s

df 2 as 2 a
 
 e cos sx ds
dx 0
 a x 2
2

2 dx
F 
x a 
 a x 2
2

2 
x
tan 1  c 
2
 
a
At x 0, f  0 0 using (1)
2
(2) => f 
0 tan 1 
0 c c 0

2 
x
Hence f 
x tan 1  .
 
a


dx
(ii) (a)To find  a
 x 2 
2 2
0



Fc e  2 ax

 
ax
e cos sx dx
0

2  eax 
 2  2 a cos sx s sin sx 
 a s 0
2  a 
Fc e ax   2 2  
1
 a s 
By Passeval’s identify.
 

 f  F 
x dx 
2 2
s ds c
0 0
2

 2
a 
e dx 
2 ax
  ds,from (1)
0 0 
 a 2 s 2 
 
e2 ax  2 2 ds
  a 
 2a 0  0 a 2 s 2 2

1 2a 2 ds
2a 
 0 a s 2
2


x2 
i.e  R e place 's' by x 
0 a 2
x 2 2
 4a 3

x2
(b) To find  a dx
 x 2 
2 2
0

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com



Fs eax 
2 ax
 
e sin sx dx
0

2  eax 
 2  2 a sin sx s cos sx 
 a s 0
2  s 
Fs eax   2 2 
 a s 
By parseval’s identify
 
x dx F  f 
 f  x ds
2 2
s
0 0
  2
2  s 
e  dx  
ax 2
 2 2  ds
0 0 
a s 
 
s  e 2 ax   1
i.e  2 2 ds   
0 a s 
2 2a 0 2 2a

x2 
 x dx Re place 's' by x' ' .
0  2
a 
2 2 4a

Problem 26 (i). Find the Fourier cosine transform of eax cos ax

 
1 x2
(ii). Evaluate (a).  2 dx (b). 0 x 2 a 2 x 2 b2 dx , using Fourier cosine and
0 x 1x 4 
2

sine transform.
Solution:


(i) Fc  f 
x 
2
f 
 
x cos sx dx
0


Fc e ax
 2 eax cos sx dx
0

2  a 
Fc 
  2 
s
s a 
2

By Modulation Theorem,
1
f 
Fc  x cos ax   2  Fc a s Fc a s 


1  2  a a 

Fc 
e

ax
cos ax  
 2   2  2 


  a  
a s 
2
a 2
 a s  

 2 2 
 a a s  a a s  
2 2
1 2
 a  .
2  a 2 a s 2 a 2 a s 2 
  
a 4a 2 s 
2 2

 4 4 
2  s 4a 
2a 2a 2 s 2 
Fc 
e cos ax 
ax
  4 4 
.
2 s 4a 
(ii) (a) Let f 
x e x and g 
x e 2 x


Fc 
2 x
 
ex e cos sx dx
0

2  e x 
 2  cos x s sin sx 
 s 1 0

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

2  1 

1
 
s 1
2




Fc e 2 x
 2 
e 2 x cos sx dx
0

2  2 

   2
s 4 
2

 
f 
x g x dx F  f 
 c x 
F g x ds
c
0 0
 
2  1 1 
e e  ds from  
x 2 x
dx  2 . 2 1 &2
0
 0 s 1 s 4 
 
4 ds
e dx 
3 x
ds
0
 0 s 1s 2 4 
2

 
ds  e 3 x   
1
0 s 2 1s 2 4  4  3  
4 
3
0

ds 
s 2
1s 4  12
2
.
0

x2
(b) To find x 2
a 2 x 2 b 2 
dx.
0

Let
f 
x  eax , g 
x ebx

2  s 
Fs g 
x e ax sin sx
2
  
1
 0  s 2 a 2 

2  s 
Fs g 
x e bx sin sx
2
  
2
 0  s 2 b2 
 

f 
0
x g x dx
0
F f 
s x  g 
.F  x 
s ds From (1)and(2)
 
2 s2
e  
ax bx
e dx ds
0 s a s b 
2 2 2 2
0

s2   
s ds e a b x dx
0
2
a 2 s 2 b 2  20

a b x 
  e 

x2 
i.e  2 dx   .
0 x a x b 
2 2 2
2 a b 0 2 a b 

1, 0 
s 1 

Problem 27 (i). Solve for f x  from the integral equation f  x sin sxdx 2, 1  s 2.
0 0, s 2


1, x a 2 sin as 
f  f 
x 
 
(ii). If the Fourier transform of x , defined by is .
0, x a
  s 
  x 
Find F f 
x 1 cos  .
   a 
Solution:


(i) Fs  f 
x  f 
2
x sin sx dx
 0

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

1 for 0  s 1

 
Fs  f 
x  2 for 1  s 2
2 0 for
 s 2
 By invese Fourier sine transform ,


Fs  f 
x sin sx ds
2
f 
 
x
0

2 1 
 2 
2
 sin sx dx 2 sin sx 
 0  0 1 2
0. sin sx ds

2 
cos sx  2 cos sx  
1 2

    
 
 x 0  x 1 

2 cos x 1 2 cos 2x 2 cos x 
   
  x x x x 
2 cos x 1 2 cos 2x 
 
  x 
2
f 
x 1 cos x 2 cos 2x .
x
(ii). Given F  f  x 
2 sin as

1
 s
From Modulation Theorem

where F f 

x  f 
1
f 
F  x cos ax  2  f s a  f s a  s

Let a
a
 x  1       
F f 
x cos  s  F 
F  s  
 a  2    a   a 
      
sin a s   sin a s  
1 2  a   a F s 2 sin as 
 
    
2   s  s    s  

 a a 

1  a a 
 
sin as cos cos as sin  
sin as cos cos as sin 
2 as  as  
1  a
sin as 
a
 sin as 
2 as  as  
1 a s sin as asin as a s sin as asin as 
2 2
 
2 
 
2
 a 2 2
s  

2a s sin as
2

2 2 a 2s 2 

 x  2 a 2s sin as
F f 
x cos 
 a   2 a 2s 2 
  x   x 
F f 
x 1 cos  F  f 
x F f 
x cos 
  a   a 
2
2 sin as 2 a sin as
 2
 s  a 2s 2
2  1 a 2 s 
sin as   2 2 2 
  s  a s 

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

2 2 a 2s 2 a 2s 2 

sin as  
 
 s 
2
 a 2 2
s  

2 sin as   2

 2  2 2 
 s  a s 
2 2 sin as.2
 .
2  s 2  a 2s 2 

ax
Problem 28 (i). Find Fourier transform of e and hence deduce that

cos xt  a x 2 2as
(a).  2 2 dt (b). F 
xe a x 

e   i .
0
a t 2a  s 2 a 2 2
(ii) . Find Fourier cosine transform of eax sin ax .

Solution;
(i) Fourier transform of f x is

F f 
x 
1
f 

x e is x dx
2 

1
e a x cos sx isin sx dx



2 

1
 ea x sin sx is odd fn .

e a x cos sx dx  
2 
2  a 
F 
e a x  F  

s 1
  2 
a s 

2 2

(a) Using Fourier inverse transform,


1
F 

a x
e s e isx ds
2 

1 2  a 
 cos sx i sin sx ds
2   
a s 

2 2


a cos sx  sin sx 
a 2 s 2 ds 0
  s 2 a 2 is an odd fn .
 

2a cos xt
 dt Re place 's' by t ' ' 
  a 2 t 2

 a x cos xt
2a
e

a
2
t 2
dt .
ax
(b) . Find Fourier cosine transform of e sin ax .

To prove F 
xe
a x
 i 2 2as
   s 2 a 2 2
Property:
d nF
F 
x fn
  
x  i
n

ds n
dF 
s
x f 
F 
 x 
i ds

F 
xe
a x

i dF e  
a x

  ds

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

d  2 a 
i  2 
ds  
  a s 
2

 
2  2 s  2 2as
ia i .
 a s 
2 2 2
  a s 2 2
2
 
ax
(ii) Find the Fourier cosine transform of e sin ax .


Fc  f 
x  
2
f 
x cos sx dx
 0

2 ax
 
Fc 
e sin ax 
ax
 e sin ax cos sx dx
0

2 1 ax
e sin s a x sin s a x dx
 2 


0

1  s a s a 

   ax b 
 2  2  
e sin bx dx 2 
a s a  a s a  
2  a b 2 
2
 0
2

 2 
1  a s a  s a 

2

 s a  a 2 s a  
2



2 

2
 2

a s a  a s a 
2 2
 

1 2a 2s s 3 2 as 2 2a3 as 2 2a 2s 2 s 2 s 3 2as 2 2a3 s 2a 2 sa 2 
 
2  4a 4 2a 2s 3 4a 3s 2a 2s 2 s 4 2as 3 4a 3s 2as 2 4a 2s 2 
2 2a 3 as 2  2 a 2a s 
2 2

 4 4   .
2  4a s   

4a 4 s 4 


Problem 29 (i). State and Prove Parseval’s Identity in Fourier Transform.

x2
(ii). Find Fourier cosine transform of e

Solution:

(i) Parseval’s identity:

 

Statement: If F sisthe Fourier transform of f x , then  f  F 
2 2
x dx s
 

Pr oof by convolution theorem F f  * g  F 

sGs
f *g F 
F 1  s G s  
 
1 1
 f t
g x t  F  ds 
is x
dt sGse 1
2  2 
Put x 0 and g 
t f t, then it follows that G 
s F 
s

1 becomes
 

f t

f t dt
 F 

sFs ds

 

i.e.  f tdt  F 

2 2
s ds
 
 

i.e.  f tdx  F 

2 2
s ds
 
(ii)

2
f 
Fc    f 
x  x cos sx dx
0

www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com


2 x2
Fc  x 

 
2

e  e cos sx dx
0

2 1
 
e x cos sx dx
2

 2 

1
cos sx dx
x 2
e
2 

1

x 2
e RP of e isx dx
2 

1
 e dx
x 2 is x
= R.P of e
2 

1

x 2 is x
= R.P of e dx
2 
2
s
 4
1 x 2 is x e
= R.P of 
2 
e s2
dx
4
e

1
= R.P of es / 4  ex isx s /4 dx
2 2 2

2 

1
 e x is /2 
2

= R.P of es
2
/4
dx
2 
x is
Put t dx dt
2
When t  y 
t  y 

e s / 4
2

Fc 
f 
x 
 R. P of  dt
e t 2

2 
e s   t 2 
2
/4
R.P.of   
e dt 
2   
e 
2
s /4

2
s / 4 2

Fc e x 2  e .

  2


sin ax sin 2ax
Problem 30 (i). Find the Fourier transform of
x
and hence prove that  x 2 dx

4a .

2 sin 3s 2

(ii). Find f x , if the Fourier transform of F s   is .
s 2
Solution:

1
(i) F 
f 
x 
 f 

x e is x dx
2 

sin ax  1 sin ax  is x
F 
 x  

2 
 x  
e dx

1 sin ax 
 cos sx sin x dx
2 
 x  

2



www.Vidyarthiplus.com
 www.Vidyarthiplus.com

sin ax 
F   2 
1
 x 

 2 sin a s 

x sin a s 
x   
 2  
   dx     if a 
s 0 & a 
s 0
 
 0  x x  
  2 2 

if a 
s 0 & a 
s 0 or a 
s 0 & a 
s 0

By Parseval’s identity
 

 f  F 
x dx 
2 2
s ds
 
 2 a
sin ax
2 2a a  4a
2

  2 ds
a
dx s a

x2 a

sin 2 ax
i.e.  2 dx 4a.
 x
2 sin 3s 
(ii) Let us find F 1  
 s 

2 sin3 s  1 2 sin3 s is x
F 1  
 s  2  s
 e ds
 
1 2 sin 3s 1 2 sin 3 cosssx
 cos sx i sin sx ds
 
ds
2  s 0
s
(By the property of odd and even function)
1 sin 3 x  s sin 3 x 


 
 0  s

s
ds

1  sin 3 x  sin 3 x 
s 
 
s
 ds  ds 
 0 s 0
s 
1   
 2  2  if 3 
x 0 &3  x 0 
   
 
 if 3 
x 0 &3  x 0 or 
0 3 
x 0 &3  x 0 
 

 

  sin mx   
 dx or  according as m >0 or m < 0 . 
 0 x 2 2 
1 if 
3 x 3


0 if x 3 or x 3

1 if x 3


0 if x 3 
1
By the shitting property, F  x  F 
e iax f  s a 
x F 1 F 
eiax f  s a 
 3 s 2
2 sin 
  i 2 1 2 sin3 s 
Thus F 1   e F  

 s 2 
  s 

1 if x 3
ei 2 
0 if x 3

i 2 
ei 2x if x 3
e  .

0 if x 3

www.Vidyarthiplus.com