GERMAN MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONIC

DIGITAL SYSTEM
(EET 0133)

PBL [1]
[WATER DAM PROJECT]

DATE OF PBL
[8/9/2017]

PREPARED BY:
NAMES GMI NO. GROUP
AHMAD HAZIM AKMAL B. ZAMAHARI NWS 17070070 4
MUHD SHAFIQ B. OTHMAN NWS 17070012 4
AKMAL HAZIZIE B. HELMI NWS 17070126 4
MUHAMMAD AMIR B. MOHD AZMI NWS 17070044 4

MARKS
INTRODUCTION /3
OBJECTIVE /2
METHODOLOGY /5
DISCUSSION /5
CONCLUSION /3
REFERENCES /2
TOTAL /20

TTO NAME LINDASALWA BT. MUDA

COMMENT
INTRODUCTION:

Since the ancient times dams were built for the only one purpose which is water supply or
irrigation. As we become smarter and more civilize, the role of dams is becoming more
important day by day. It can supply water, irrigation, flood control, navigation and for
hydroelectric. A dam is the cornerstone in the development and management of water
resources development of water basin. A multi-purpose dam is very important so that people
can get benefits from a single investment.

The demand for water have increases day by day throughout the world. Living things need
water to live. Without water, there would be no life. Look at mars. Water is very essential for
living things especially for human. During the past three centuries, the amount of water
withdrawn from freshwater resources has increase by a factor of 35, world population by a
factor of 8. With the population of world keeps on growing and the expectation of higher
standards of living, global water demand is expected to rise 2 to 3 percent annually in the
decades ahead.

Futhermore, freshwater resources are limited and unevenly distributed. Other than that,
seasonal variations and climatic irregularities in flow effect the efficient use of river runoff. With
sometimes flooding and sometimes drought which cause a lot of problems for the us. So, by
making a dam it can help to solve all this problem.

But most dams which are present today are controlled manually. So, my teams project is to
create an automatic gate for the water dam so it could be more efficient than before and to
prevent human error. By using an automatic gate, the sensor would know when to open the
gates and let the water to flow and when it is necessary to close it. With this automatic gates
and sensor, the distribution of water would be more even and more equal. Before this, by using
manpower it could cause human error because of assumptions and minor mistake. But with this
automatic gates and sensor, it will open the gate at the right time and the right moment. So this
could help and increase the efficiency of the water distribute.
 To explain more about the automatic gate, four input has been set which is A, the volume of
water inside the dam, B the volume of water outside the dam, C the timer that has been set and
D the manual button. Few conditions are made in order for the system to work automatically,
which produces a logic (1) HIGH, as shown below:

A- The volume of water inside the dam, must be on a safe level which is detected by
sensor.
B- The volume of water outside the dam, which is the river must not exceed a certain

height to ensure the river is not flooding. This will also be detected by a sensor
C- The time the gate will open automatically which is early in the morning and evening.
D- A manual button which need to be on by a certain people

Output F will be produced:

when the volume of water inside and outside of the dam both satisfy its condition.
when the volume of water outside and inside of the dam are at safe level so that the
timer can let the water flow according to the time that has been set, or
when the manual button is pressed in case of emergency such as drought with the volume of
water inside and outside the dam safe.

OBJECTIVE:

To create an automatic gate for the water dam to open and close by applying the logic
gate knowledge to make life easier. By using this technology, human error and minor mistake
could be prevented. The waste of water and the unevenly distribute water would not be a
problem if we use this automatic gate because the efficiency of the sensor is very precise.
METHODOLOGY:

Truth Table

A B C D F

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

K- MAP (Karnaugh Map).

CD 00 01 11 10
AB
00 0 0 0 0

01 0 0 0 0

11 0 1 1
11 1
10 0 0 0 0

ABD +ABC
BASIC LOGIC GATE

NAND LOGIC GATE

NOR LOGIC GATE
DISCUSSION:

Our logic gate is basically based on the water dam function which has 4 inputs that are volume,
time and manual switch. The most important thing in our system is the volume because it
involves safety towards the society. Also, the volume plays a big role in the system because we
to ensure that it does not overflow or unadequate. For the time input, the time must be at 6.00
am and 6.00 pm. The water dam has been set by the time to determine when the dam will carry
out the process. Finally, the manual switch input. We just need to switch on the button to
activate the water dam. However, bear in mind that the water dam will be activated ONLY IF it
matches the time OR the switch is on with the outside and inside water dam volume are at safe
level.

CONCLUSION:

As a conclusion, the existence of the logic gate could help the machine or the technology to do
work by its self. The logic gate is like a common sense for a machine. The machine could
receive data and determine whether it should do that or do this. The invention of logic gate help
the machine to determine what it should be doing and knows when it should do it by following
the conditions that have been given.
Other than that, other methods like the truth table had help us to see the input and output
easier. Other than that, the Karnaugh map is also useful to simplify the logic circuit. It helps us
to draw the NAND logic gate and the NOR logic gate.
As for our automatic gate, we already use all the methods and give a set of conditions on
when the gate should be open and close. The precise sensor would send accurate data to the
logic gate to ensure that the water would be distributed equally. Before this, minor problem such
as unprecise human error causes the waste of water. This is because of assumptions and
human difficulties such as bad eyesight, bad judgement and many more. But with the help of
this automatic gate and sensor, all of this could be prevented. So, the water now can be use at
its full potential and may save a lot of money because the use of machine.

REFERENCES:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam
http://www.icold-cigb.net/GB/dams/role_of_dams.asp