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.G Hj dG sMG CG H ,e dG g GfH j c dG Y J CG H ,MCG dG Y ke c H
,GdG HG NOh .LhR fL EG b e fe INCG ebEG b dP c ...e EG G aGe
10 .Q S AbUCG bCG G dP c dG HCG TCG dG ch ... H eH dP b ,H Y
n N
n Qr o jn dP C H Y Q Sh HCG CG :dP Jh Gg ke aCG cCG dh ,Ie c jH q GE jo
kaN ,j c ,ed YdG CG ,dH HG qEG MhCG b c fG ZQ ,jdG j dG GYG
AGQh e , Se Y Jc ICGeG , G d , dH je jOMC c dP c , S SCG g
...HqY ALh e Lh e Hg ,dG .jQY G j CG Y ZQCGh , YCG c
;J fSCG MGQh ,ICa TQ bJ gh c ,be Z ,S IQU jPcCG A YE H
,b lIf Y n Yn h ...dG e Ak Z dha :j
:IjL Hf EG j QGMG a fGh OhCG ,jQdG J g cGQOEG q Y j e E Gh ...{
dG g G CG JCG !G b ,OGe , b - JG dG dG d S jdG , dG
?JCG h ,d J c JGdG LhG AdG d ,G EG JQL
:dG hMCG fCGh ,LCa ,AedG Tj dG hdG ,dG hdG d dH
?HqdG dP c eh ...cCG , , - ad cCG k jh ,ILh Ia ,HdG AeO
HCG ... MCG S ... HCG H q dG dP c - ? dGh dG dJ ,ddG dS ? ddG H
QhH npog K ,dG Jc ICGeG NG dG ,G JQb e kSe c dG AGOG IdG dSh
d ,HCG e fdG aCG d ,f .G je e c ,IG b Y bH dh ,QfG Y
G dP LhR fc dGh ,QdH G dP z...edG e e ZdH
,gc H j Q S ch ,Q S Y O H j , dG h dG G g , dG G g
M ,f G je fdH NBG g g fC ,dG Y dh ...zGL hO{`H g h ,LhdG
j CG b ,X Vj ,G jU ,HCG c jT j ;IO Z IQH GhRCG OJ V
fdG J dG oLQ iZCG d .dG dP gjEG Y h , Y dG e N MGREG Y UG
fCG M , afH , e c jj H kVGh AGZEG g a j c e c . G JLhR
,dG EG Hj ,b a cCG SCG hO YJQG j dG IOQG Idc c .FHCG
j Q S ch .zJS{ WCG e kGL kjb YCG U e J b dG dG GLG
CH ,f HCG ,hG T dG , MCG S eCG a ;OhCG EG H j dG bdG a d .G
GHCG ,dG AH F Z LhdG jg dW ,f J H UN dW ZR id bdG
QC j CGh ,iNCG Ie q dG j CG jh ,jKCG j CG EG VG e dPh ,Mh H jJ OYCG
e c d c dG q dG dh . MCG d f Y kH ,G QhL kHf ,YH kFe ,kFf
c d .kL d j CG e YCG a ,AbUCG ,b aM Y c ...G dP M Y jZ W
...HCH WJQG Y j HCH WJQG AT H dCG Zc ,dG dG IhK e is J bh
,H f LGj CG Dhj Q S c EG dM j dH CG N Qhj CG hO ,Y kGH
CG g a j c e c CH j c Qh Y kY j c ;JG QfG YS kHe ,GdG
LhR S CG H ,a fdG Y qdG j qJ hCG ,YN jdG AHCGh AHBG OT
Q S dh ;G dP eH M dG CG Zj j JGdG dG Y k a , d
CH kgGH p nd dG IHCG J ,d JHCH j d S HY h M eeCG j .X j
...HCG ,f ,HCG M dG dG Gg ,YdG :QfG YS
...G Y Q S j e g ch z!qdG dG Gg e YH EG ,G g HG EG{
:dG e AT a H kGTQ oWbh ;jdG GfCG q MCG EG Qj NCG a Q S eCG
?e CG - d .dG X orcJ H nQsZ JGdG Lhda
e j dGh ,jM Hj dP AKCG ch h ,nG NCG hCG ,eYCG s dh ,QGdG e b
.AdG Ic GH S JfN IK CH DG OYG EG d j
TdG HCG ,G Y bh dG g HCG c - dM e J dG dG M ,QGSCG e kGS kFGO
,jW Ie e Je Q Sh g c ...HGdG EG dG a ij dG n nLCc c .I dG J
nG f EG G H ,HdG H d .jL e jCG bh kej J CH G EGh ,QCG
7
 VG jJ e Id ,e VGeCG hJ M
d ;dEG GhfCG{ ...Fa YGH eh ,dh bQ e
dH kGS J ,dSCGh ,W dh ,fa
hCG ,cdG hCG ,HdG ,jdG SCG H f ,dEG
.OGdG EG jb Hh ,GhGS c c
JG dG , G Z dG AD g O Y c YCG
Gh , dG FGhCG H , S H gh , dh j ,kgGP kc J fc .dP ae e b CG
bCG c H ,G FdG OedG aeh ,IQG
,VG AS d j dG ICGG eCG ,GM hO
.)!ke dP e AT ( ...jH g h
,SdG e SCG OcCG c H ,Q S J
dG dP( ,Hd ,GOf d .OdG e d H
jCG ,Qb CG .)QU bc eeCG j c adG
d kGHCG RG adG L ,INS fHQ jY
a CGH dG IdG j SCG fEG !Q
dG dG jG e kGAL dDj kGHCG c .kGL aQJ
S e ,OG Z G S e ,JcGP bJ
a YCG dG hCG HSCG e ,dG e hdG
GhQCG MCG dH c ,kjM kMd fc IdG
eh ,b j ,j QCG h .b JG
Lh IQSCG H hCG ,jQdG ShHQ d c
e ,fdGh ,dG e ,b Y d
c ,Q S Th ,J dG G GQb
bCGh ,WCG c ,SCG c ,fQGO eCG k f MGC
eQCGh ,MCG c .ThdG H e kYe ,N
WCG jH f c dh ,j c .IQH
dG eCa ;Y OHG Y if f h ,FGdG
fc ,fG dGh ,G jGh ,f
Y AGQBG j MCG j h .Q S e c k e ,Q d hCG ,SaEG
Y ,G Y ,AdG Y ,G Y ,jdG Y ,G
S j Y ,Oa c Yh G Y ,S dG
SdGh ,HQM jdG SdG Y ,j Yh ,Q
Gg e LQ j c .fME H g Z jdG
CG YSH c d ?fEG CH Jj CG RG dG
e a ,dP eh ...kGU kL YJCG e dDj
hO e egH j H kej a j NCG Ia
dG adG aQ dh .jO Y ajh ,jNBG
NO dG IdG dP c .de Y VY
jJ Y cCh ,L e eCG YC SQG a
kGJ SCG CG W d .iNCG L e HCG QEG
a dG c dG I MdG SDG k NGO
.z...jG k kGeCG HdG dH
CG hO ,jOedG dG EG O j TQ ch
H hCG dG e fG dG n s dG OHEG j
d !ndG d j{ :gG dGh ,HG dGdG
bdG FY g FY HEG fEG{ zHH H sEG eb
,d kja ,e Mh cJh ,dP b ,zJGP
h J VGeCG fc M G Gg ,Y d
G Gg C fCG G dG CG d c ,e
kGPNCe ,c dG G dG n gr o d ,Gg Y
,dG Y , j o gdG NCGh .ghCH
dG ddG je MGQ ,dN OHCGh QH
, j c dG dG dG dP , H MCG c
fS a QSCG Y .L dU hCG ,c
OdG Y ,ihCe h Wh H Afh ,WS H
.ATCGh AGeCG Y ,dG
s QKCGh ,Q S oANG b EG nYdG NOCG d
J GJ e dG jdG eCG ,eooG fG Ia
,jH g h ,jG cS e d jZ ,
.fS WH H dh ,VH h
p
dG Ln dG DWGdH ;a dG bQ Jh
.dG Y ibCG CG hO ;eHG J J fc
Mf h ;cdG dG oY GM hO eh
c( .JMhQh JGhZ ZQ ,Q S M kG MGC
jGhR d fCG V jh ,c G G
HGdG dG ,Ge K NoCG dG dG XG LhR eCG
...FGG
CG Y a ,Q Sh ,dGh ,MCG S Ja
.zdG ,HCG Y a Y dG IQG e HGdG Id J
1 dG dG b H , b dG H ,kGOQH k e
h .QOCG ?jW CH .b EG rAL d{ e HQdG fdG fN c ,fN dGh ,J
...LQCG Y Q S
j Q S c M , G MCG d U , dG j dG J ,Ge K NG d
a UCG dG d ddG aQ c a( ,OGOdG HCGh ,jdG Lh Y ec HCG ,Q S ja
GP ,H dEG Ob e ,) dG G H fdG Y bdG dG ,LQCG Y
bh ,kL aj JGdG VG H ,U ;Ge K NG dG f dG ,JJ dG
fCG - dh ,IMGh HhQhCG H d{ :j GP e ;FJ hCG ;f hCG ;Ieg L BG fc Qh
id gdG d .q kL sd - dGh ...?Qj
z...gCG e kYGfG gYfGh ,SQG e LhN e d d dG HQdG J NG ;K Ge
jdG dhCG ,H j gh ,dG GW eh ...Wa HG d Ea ;HG EG Y
gY jj JGdG ,dG G ,G :kFb Wbh
e j gh ,zJH{ knnY jOj c .jdG Y ;fd HG g EG kM .dP YCG c -
j d c ,dEG j CG hO ,dG X AGQh ec CG qEG aCG M ;jOj HG ;bdG OQCG EGh
EG dG dh ,Q S QhO e kGQGO EG G e IG H Yae ,GhdG b - f -
jdG hOh ,JG fhO JCj jdG XG MCG .T hO
jh ,kL Q S aj JGdG ,SdG
?Ff Yh ,Oh HhQhCG nUh ,dG W dG g ...gOGLCGh gAHBG 11
H dG IQH nLr oj Och , c J j W Y c ,b jM TQ Ohj h ,jQG Hf eh
KQEG OsHh ,eH zQH G{ QhO seh ,jOdG fCG CTCG h ,jg kfjg db e c j fCG hj
,k jb , b EG OY K ,ah , SQ e e H Y Y CG YCG c C ,dEG OYCG CG QhH
sXh dG g ...QedG Y j ,kGHCG kSe ;AT H K ec CG dh ... q EG H aCG
LQh ,A dG Uh ,A dG Y i NCG mGh K ,MGdG LhR ae c Q S CG ke J
,GeGDG jh ,NBG jh ,kLGhR t p oj ,S dG WN fC :fGY T EGh ,d ae
,V dG G d ,aS dY jG jh j e TCG dP j h .GdG Y Yh ,LhR
U kG HCG kG e ,dG aG b b j Y a ;TQ G
.d f dG HKh ,IQG fSCG Y YH hdGh ,dG jdG Wb g j GPEG ?IQG b
CG EG Y j h ,SCGQ e Y j j dh ,ec HCG fCG jQ dG dG ,Q S ,dG
.jMh Wf GJ eh ,FG aQT ,eg JdG ZCG Y gh ...?JGP bdG , HCGh
Cjh ,GHCG j ,e hO ,ICGeG hO j c kGTQ EG .dG j CG hO dG HG OQj dG
Cc e ,dG c ,FH dG YG CG Y j fEG ...fCG aYCG e j CG j
aCG ,Z d d Y e ,dG SCG G CG EG ,f .iNCG ATCG Y dG c dG ec
,L a e jG j ,fCG A dG e dG dG b ,c dH Y Y fc ec
d c ,gj CG hO fa c kGHCG j dh , dG J fc ,Wa d MGdG hdG gJ
,nsdG V ,dG V c .CGe Y dP j c GdG Y G dP jd gY j dG
e ,UCG ,kY ,dG e ,dG Oh SCGh ,fdG eCG Y J dG ,dG
,k ,kGSa ,kWY ,ke ,Qd kq ,dG .H aY dG Wa hR EG Q S
,eqY ,kWGSQCG ,kGa ,k eZ ,kGT ,k LPS SCG eY ,bdG Lh Y HG fCG Q S cj
,G e kN kM j ,AGgCG e ,ka ,kaY dP e cJ a ,ddG e ehG LhdG EG
.kbQ kf hCG ,kU kGQWh ,dG e kAGM kIQJh - HCG eh ,eCG OW H ,gY H odGh .G
2 IdGh ,jGh ,G dGh ,dG Jjh c ec CG cJ ...TCG IH - MCG S
G QGdGh ,G dGh ,dG WG .M dP UCG .eG g dEG Uh
, b dG Y dGh , G G e ...NCG h ,TQ h ,Q S M YCG cCG
e G Gg c Jj ,edG ddGh ,edGh
j GJ K ,H a H ,IMGh aO AjRCG 12
,hG )jOadG( eh ,fdG c dP a c TQ Qj CG hO b EG rnebh
,dG MOG ,bdG edGh dG bWh ,jW Y ,rneb c j CG b j .dP
.QdH G .Q S jW Y h
Jh ;G gh ,jG Q S UY bh c e dG IdGh ,TQ Ad d
,hCG gQGSh ,hCG qgGM G jU e j Oj TQ c ...dEG OOdG j Q S
fCG ,H dCG TCG da( ,hCG Yh ,eCG Y kGFY c .S dG IT e VQCG Y
N .AdG e cPCG YCG OY MCG ,f ch( .FdG d d Q S GOf M ,dG
).Uhh Qc ShG Wf Obh .)ke IjY YS eCG b TQh dG
fCch ,H dG Gg gjEG GQCG dG ICGG dh ,HT ICGeG ,ICGeG J fc M ,G EG H
nQGC !eJ ,Yf ,HY T CG e ke J ,j jj Y Q S fGh ;gGP , c
,MdG GH ,bfCG H ;b e ICGeG b K jHCG cdGh ,bdG nndG a H jh
CG dEG d M , d e m dG Z T aGf fc( .dG ICGG e kGMh f TQ dCG
Y fc JdG fCG CGh ,kcT EG j G Z Ua Q S fGh .) e G
YG ,dG bS Y ihJ CG Th aj c JGdG VG Ad EG QSh ,dG
J e bCH HQg J CG hCG ,AGdG ed KCH ,G cJ b ZCG c JGdGh ,kL
.H Zj CG fEG CGj cM hCG id ...JFY Y TCG dG dP
ja ,HH H ,Ld kLh Q S ncJh
G G dP ,IQYG AGgC dh , d
8
eCG be e H ,fc dG , b jh
,eSEG jdG e J ,H dG Gh ,fJ
S b dG FGG ...FGG hCG Weh
AdGh ,cGG GTdG fL EG ,LCH Q
jdG ,dG zfGQGfeh{ ,OdG AGah ,fdG
.b OSCG G SdG M gMh d
,Q S Y e c e J oGYdG NCGh
T j j h .TCG KH MdG b
Ae e YL dGh dG H j GQ dG
NCG d .fEG IQGM kb J eY fddG
a ,dH kGTQ ah ,Gg b dG C H BG
e MCG ZCG j c fC ,H CGj CG j
dG Y fbj WGG c dG dGh G
,QHEd Cae bCG EG Q S bG ,kGNCGh
dG WGe e SGh ,QdGh dG e dg
Yb QU ,fdG Hq Y cM Ff b e kSQ
GdG ShDch ,dG j Q S Och .a
.SG e d X jj CG hj gh ,Y dG
cG F f LhR ,I dG f c dP Nh
N e J jQdG gebh ,jG dH
AT Y ,If fc .q dG jH jG NCG
Y J fc .G e LhN id HdG e
e kSfCG J gh ,fG e H ,SEG
QhO iMEG Y J fCG d c , jW IQ S
2009 GjM 3 130OY
NCG ...jW MQ N Y eCJ j CG kY
HY H jdG j Qb UCG M Y OjEG
ddG fEG ,jObG eRCG fEG ;Gghh
.HhQhCG M ,e AedG M IQdG e dG
H Mf O fGh ,eCG M b c kG TQ dh
.OGSG CG Y fCa ,dd SG !ke gS -
.dG jJ fCG YCG c -
gGP Ea LGJ GPEa .G jCG ,BG d dG -
j q YoCG b AT c EG .kGHCG dP j d :dG LCa
.Jf J Y S HfP M jdG EG kS
,e kH gj e kGjN hj PEG ,AG S fEG
.JGU gcd ,aG jdG Y EG ja d G CH dd YQjh
g j CG hjj a ,M c H fP Rh
h ,AT c OYCG d ...dG EG e bG ...g
bh ddh ; e k f a e Q S HCG c aj fCG YOG d .IQTEG jCG Q S e
.eG gCG H e e Hd HEG Y Q NG dG NCG c kjM LhJ a( ,jG SG
d A J CG dGh G G dG Y SGh
dG c M GG dG bG EG eh .G
G d d ,GL H ,hCG nh G u G
d H ,c jd H ,a H j Gfc jdG
VG fc .)fT jH fTj G
,dG YdG fch ,iNCG J IMGdG jQGj
d ,ICGG J dG G dGh ,j dGh
MdG G c . H fCG CG hO dEG G
hCG ,GJ aM c d c H EG fj Mh
:dEG SCGh ,Q gTh , dG H Kh , Lh c ;HJhCG
J dg dDj dP c ,MCG jH UG
gdG J .FdG GdH bZ ,dG
jQGG YdG bO SCG YCG h ,g OLd
.fhH SC ,NBG EG M e dG a MCG c dG
EG g EG :ShSdGh dG T Y OWCGh ,kb
YS fEG ..NBG EG gMCG HrndG jh ;FbO
.IdG
3
Y HG CG J dh ,e G o QOZ
.bH HCG CG EG q Y j b ch ,dG e GM ,bR jhGR cJh
jS GH ,HGh cJ .e dP bJ
6 h e JCG ,G dP eh .GOh c hO ,KGh
c d{ :de H SGh ,)RjH adG
,jL e gAd dhM e GPEGh ,AhdH a ...M
Y ...fGh A dGh ,dG Ve a
.z!AhdH
4
ja AGOCG Q S Qb ,dGh eG h
cQ b ,fCG M ,d M fP oJ ,G
,YS HQCGh H SG QjdG G ,INdG
.Td b c zd{ c LLR J
e OY a ;jG e kHQg M TQ c
e ,dG GMCG j NCGh ,dG HGW
...ehDG jcdH iCG IQG Y kGc j
ch ,G AZd GQjH j Q S c
EG g J ;TQ e Ie WCG AdG KDj
kGe GYU d( Fg Fh ,YG AV Y Fh
J jdG bGdG fc dP N h .)j GP
a e dG dG dGh ,dG dG H fe
.jb Ia e fc dG G d RGYH j
,GdG Y Q S b a , G j A Lh
CVJh ,dG e kGOh kGQG e d Nh
Z fGh , fdc LLR iTGh , q Uh
,OQdG dG Ae eGbCG e jb HH JS
b gQGR CG d S dG jdG QjdG Y j gh
c .zINCG Id gGj CG{ Oj dGh ,b f
,dG gS gh ,Y G dG EG j TQ
hj CG hOh ,NdGh GdG Y bj CG hO
G QOZ CG d e K ; dG b Z
fCG Vj gh ,dG SCG OYh ,N
fch ;H kGOheh ,kae Q H S dG
dG J )jZ Q H R ( TQ IQ U
d ,NBG O e jQJh ,NBG SEG dh ,QhG
CG b ,dG Y e QH e dG Y M
jCG IY H M CG Q S d e K .jEG j
.H TQ Yh dG fa dCG Y
5
e ShCG UJ Y j CG TQ SG d
jQJ Y SG a ;aj Q S c dG J
AKCG a bS dG ceCG Y ,IN dG bEG
OGG c Y , dG Y ,IQ dG Y , j dG
G Se Y Mh . CG dG IdG
e b f H kGL gc j Q S j
EG Y J G b CH ij ch .hCG M
d dH eCG .AZCG hCG AJCG hCG jLdG Lh
J e j CG J IMdG dG E a
hM a ,U c dj FYh ,IQdG H SEG
9
 WN hO TGT :Tdh d G dCG
jfK ATCGh ,kjCG WN hO Nh ,G Y
d Y kTGa H b dP AKCG TQ ch .iNCG
,jd aZ M ,c VY P G e
fe NCG dG g Yh .dG a Me Lh
dEG jh ,dG dhj c .Q S Cgh ...g
Lh b BG{ :QH jEG k Uf , M dG Q NCG
IQdG a ,QdG QhO EG LH j
.Y ce e c ch ,ahe Gfc
h ;jaH d c j j e TQ c
MCG c ,dH Sd e de Y in rnj j
fch ;kec kGQf S QH INdG bJh
dd ,je H OdG jd Ua J e g dG g ,FdG T NdG Gg hj
e Q S M ,gh .jQ EG G j
ddG ILCG Y jj Oj g GPEa OdG e e e
jG EG IL e ,M c aG G QLEG
dG kGTQ dH ah .SdG b M ,IQG
,IY jCG EG g EG .aCG AGQh S QH HZh
Q S OCG dG g h .HdG IjG hCjh
:bG Z dG jdH
Lh ,jdGh ,GdH QdG e d ,G
e kaN ,NdG G Y OSG dh ,AdG
bh j c jdG WdG LQ eCG eb dJ CG
e H kS c ? dG Ne Y ,AGQh gN
Uh ,kGNCGh .-e ,e jW S dh ,dG
dh ...dG TQ UGhh ,dG EG Q S
j bhh ,G jf H b c M QhH bhCG
.zMJ a ,kfe S CG ZQ ,NdG HV M b j .SfCG
.qjhe H OLh EG f Q
hO dEG OYCG HdG dh ,S TQ Sh
,dG Gd gdG Y J h ;eh ,
9 TCG d HG M Qc QdG CG d c ,dG gh
MCG kM c fCG d ch .HG VGh aN YS
J dG ,dG dG g XZ bh ,IQdG
.kL kFGQ G UGhh ,Lh cCG Y dH TQ b .
f Jh ,aH QdG Y j a ,QhO
f ij ,jb eCG e VQCG Y jdG eG
H I N H S Y Qh e H kG BG
c ...a SGG HV gj M ,edG
e Fe Y j e Ea ,aXCG j Q S
.a CG j ,INdG X Y G o cG b G jaG
QH X eY cG SCG dG EG GSh
e ec Sd j dG EG Q S fh
Y ,bdG R MCH M e Y hCG ,AjRCG
ah dG hCG ,jdG hCG ,AKdG e kYf J dH
qCG Y e eH c J ,I G ze dG{ e
UCG c d :dG ZCG e d OG SG
Q S ch ,dG Y Y j kS G
hO e b dG MdG G H fEG ,kGOY eCG
fddG LLR Y j gh ,RY hCG ,Y
...dG e j dG G
7
j CG bR e j c ,b Gj e TQ c
,pndG dG Y kH ,c hOh ,g hO ,NBG EG
.cCG ...HqY M QdH d j e HJ K
CG Y ,c T C H QfG Y nY b c
j c QGfCG Ld k Lh dGh .Q S j
GfGh ...MdG ,dG d ,T dG UdG
GdG j j gh ,hCG IQdG jf
H dG jO Jh , V dG N MGh bh
.dG JJ INCG GaCG fc H ,NdG
:TQ Uh
!G EG gPCh ,YO -
?SHJhCG eCG ,eCG e f JCG -
j CG fhHh ,HdG LdG fCG EG -
...d e jh j fEG .dG g e fEG .AT
.GVEH dG dhj fEG .jNBG jQH
?JCG -
...fdG Id IQdG hs Oh
Ne e ij c .dG Y HdG j
;IN dG fL e J G f ch . dG
,Je H j HdG NCGh ,IQdG bJh
UQ H Hj GQ H ,dG IQGOEH j j h
QdG f j CG hj ,KGG AKCG c ,e
,NGdGh ,UQCG fc .GG N jf eG
J dG dG dG Gg bJ eH jGh
GR h , YG Y NC J j b Q J
hCG ,NG fCch kjCG g H dG jdG zTQdG{
dGh ,MdG iG AGf eCG ,ANG Th Y g
dG AG H NG dG dG e G
.dG
:TQ gh
Y e fCG EG . e dG aGQ ;gPEG -
dG bdG EG d j ...j e H sd ...YS
... dG aj b .OdG a
:Q S LCGh
?J GPe ,JEG -
8
H jdG T He TQ jb d
e N bh ,AbQR Y dHh , b
,FGs dG jMC c bQ AGMh F dG dG
CG EG j c ,GWCG cBe ,e ,e
Qh .dG jW Y ,iNCG jh ,krLpQ aj
bEG EG aO dG g G Z VdG Gg c
j dG Q S AGf e TGh ibCG IQH
CG hO ,kb J bSh ;AGdG TQ Jh .kGL
Vh Q S e hj CG J d .AH j
gc JG .G M kGHCG jLG UG
GHh .dG e HbGh .kSM kGQhO CG Y ICa
,G SCGQ H Hj TdG GAdG
,OdG BG QGh ,G RGgG H ,G
Y Gjj CG IQdG j d fe c Mh
dG Gj hCG ,Gj K ,gZj hCG ,dG
dG NCG MdG e ,G Gg jh ,INCG
A d jG SCG Qh , jG j M S
EG S dh ,Q S Nh ,TQ J
c CG d S b dG Gg e kM CG dP
LQdG j gh TQ Jh .jNBG e MCG e
S e f j CG IfC H h j GQh , f dG
10
 .UG bH gPCS - dG e Q dG f e hNC j ,f dGh ... hCG ...ke MQ n CG es EG -
kGc J fEG .OdG g YCG EG d b - .dGh NCGh ,cG C W Jh .k HGL TQ r p oj h
j H e EG g J CG .k e Y HQCG e ,jCG e IdG J WQ N f gh TQ YGh .kdY kGjU tp nJ SGG SS
cCG hCG ec FHQCG eeCG S dh ,SG dG G Y JQGH proJ kGHCG fc dG dh Q S ALh .JdG fhO MCGh ,G aZ
fCa IQG jG EG J GPEGh ;jG EG Ud lGQoL EG e j dG jGh ,k jh N h j iCGQh .GH e j CG hO ,IG J IG jOj
. a e H IRQdG ,G ,HGdG VQCG e LdH G INCG eGs dG dG Iaf e TQ
.Yj e LCS .GbCG Y ke gPCS - dG fc .dG j m Sb m r oY , d dh ,AbQdG dH Y Y iJQa , J Gh
e SfCG Sh ;AGdG jW S - ce EG QdG Uhh .VQCG e dEG bCG AGG ,e G NCGh ,dG a K IjL GrMpEG Sd
HL d .dG e S . b G dG L n n Th , J dG Q dG R LG CG H ,Q G G SCGQ c .fhRe H jdG G RLGh
eh ,G dP IhK d fc ...e a MdG jj gh ,TQ cGh ,dH WG ,LG dh ;QsH R J eAG c Fj fCch hj
.fL EG n HG .jdG hN Y a dP c ,AG jQ J dG YTCG e kaU ,SCGQ h ,adG dG mY CG j fEG ?dG e
g J CG d S EG ?GP dh - Z CG j h ,NBG eR e fG NBG kAe CG d c .QH e Q S d MCG dG THdG
H dGh . Sh Y YCG CG H ... f fCG e cCG IL J h ,G j f , dG gh YS jjh ,G G Sd ,JU Y j
fCc jS Gf dM a jj c dG fdG CG EG TQ eCG j h . d ae AG U j CG hjh ,eGM HQ j gh ,ka kT
.AT Y J b fCch H dG dG F dG J S j Hg jCH cj dG jdG G dG M
?dG GP LdG aJ CG - gTh , cG SdG e fGh , J Gg KQhCG dG dG dP ,H Z Y e G e
:TQ LCGh ,cdG M JG jG jMCG XG c dh ,AT jG e d dG b dG
. - e L fC c ,k T d J m H h J j Y Qd ,d cJ Y ,dEG dH kjQhV
.gdG j dG GP - CG gP QGOh .LCG TG e c OY c .eGMG j CG j GPEG ,bCG Y IQG
c IQ CH L Y Q S YCGh jdG zGRLGQCG{ et dG AD g ,LdG AD g AHBG ,jdG d j gh ,dBG IQH d j
.g ,OdG g e SdG GhOW jdG g ,knn U hj g Cc ,d jdG dG AdEG Y H h
JCj dG f EG .kM PS fEG !HCG j ,BG - ,NBG AT ch ,EGh ,dG hOj BG gh j dh ...JQ e YCG Gfd gQNG dG
TCG e .IQdG g MGh AT EG SCGQ d g EG ,SG H AGdG ae Ghd EG Ad dG dG g kT j fEG .eG e kHQg
...!dG jYQ J Ic jS H G Gg d .QdH ij b NBG ZCG Y fCG cQe IOdG O ,dG dG dP WH H a J
...SCG e cj kT e eCG dh fEG .KdG HK jJ Y EG jQOb Z GUCG ,G N ,G H dP c Qh ,a
:TQ b c dG jBG f j gh Sd j dG d e dG J N ,dG J ah
eh ,IFdH JCj jdG dhCG S h ,f - dh{ :TQ ah ...gObQ e bJ CG Y h ,OdG jDhd dG cj fEG ...cCG ,VG
AYEG Y aGJ dG EG .PdG fhO g HCG EG GhOW d zk e gDhHBG U e j ,jdG Ib RLG a ;dP e AT WN QGO
g Gg ;dhdG LQh ,YCG Ld EG d RGL rod U GP H SG dG MdG dG bCG j fCG c ;IadG j CG hO ,Ia e
.dG GdG ,jQ hO ,dd fEGh .fY G GhDhj h .)e dG IQ SCH( ,o H dEG kGOY e G jf OU eY GVG
!GPEG IQdG e eDG c c d .aGhCG EG - LH ,iNCG H fSd kGe c .dG Gfc .jdG jGH e gTj c jdG LdG e
.G e e Ghd d AGdG CH GeDdh ,AdG Gd ,jNBG c ,jh Mhj ,He YL ,IQH
jdG Gg S bh ;NBG e Cc e fEG - QJ dG IQdG EG dg d CGh ,dG G EG He Y gMCG eh .AVVh mL ,gG
?dP j CG ...Ge N CG jNBG Y c ...jL e dMGh ,a Y :kFb QHGh ,bSa ,e
QdG e ;kaGe SCGQ j Q S c CG J MCG dh ,jh SdH GeDj ?kL Gdf g -
SSG kGTQ dh .ec Y j fdG d HdG IjG - g j c ...e c e AJ :fdG LCGh
.VG EG SH dG e Gh rCG ... S d H G eD j CG - TQ Jh( .Lh N Y e J d -
adH dG j IQ dG CG XCG - d hjh ,hOj CG e kH ,bGdGh G Ia e ,f g eSG b c dG dG EG
?dc dCG .SdG jdG dh ;JGDG jdG e fh ,NBG e EG M n nYh , dG HGW AG U H R LGh , j b
.IG g k XCG eh .dG IOGQEH gQ dP - ,KdG Me BG M Gj BGdG d N ,b H ,LWb jW EG Uhh ,OhG
."QGRdG" bj dG dG GW G f d CG MCG j h ,G dG M GNj ADg ;GQGdH INdG GhCe d )...L bh
.dG X Y kGZ Gfj CG kL LdG Y T QfG CG h ,GfG jCG EGh ,j jCG j Ggj CG hjj G GH fCG fCGh ,eG
.GOS QH e DGh dG gS .z?LGh g dG VQCG eCG ...G EG
.fdG Zh c H ;Q dG e QG X e bGh ...?J CG ,fCGh -
:TQ GQH Q S eCGh L OS K .HdG Y eGbCG j IQqdG ...H QbCG ,QOCG -
HCG c d . G LCG e g BG EG - .INdG nqHoQ J dG jdG dBG QOU eY ...?IL noproJ CG -
...jU j gh ,OS HG Xe j TQ GQh h e g a ,YCG H SG GPEG -
Y a QKCGh ;kGTQ TCG dG Sh Ea ;N J bj c OG Gg dh ,jW CG a jOGQ RL Y CG T GPEGh ,a
YOGh ;IN dG EG IO dG W d . G c e IQdG H GQh ,fL c e J CGH FdG H ,ZCG J CG jT ,dH k NJ NC J
dCGh ;dP dG VQa .g bhU f dBG J GPEG ,INdG X EG kM IOdG Mj gASDhQ EG .e c Gd fEG . a Ih J
c dG dG eCG Ke gh ;IV Q S J CG iCJQa ,VG dG NJh .jdG EG Y JM j FH dGh ,Me
S N .hdG GbG Y ;QdG IOd Cj .AT fCG g dP .fdG dG EG dH iT ...ATCG H g ...fCG b dh .AHdG
jJ fc dG LdG fSCG fGh ;eY Q CG Hh ,G H fa UdG g TQ fGh ?ATCG CG -
:AG L Y KG Gjh ;dG a dGh ,IYdG fc c ,G kW S J :fdG LCGh
?dG Gg GP !kKK ;Q j MQ - .GSCG Mh j Gg c H ,Q H , dH k e ,OG dG j T ch( .gP -
Y jZ H ;fdH j Q S c .jT Z M dG gT CG eh .gP ,f .)fCG Y dG e Ic Gb QJ
c H ;d HC j G LQ j .UCG :TQ b a IQdG H eCG ... e j e d d dh
JU j .dG e hj hOj IQdG .QeCG HJ SCG fCG kGL iJ fCG ,YO - Ge MdG H qoL b d .h dG Zj
J G T c fc .GdG M EG kdY ...H J h ,dO LCSGh ,gPEG GPEGh ...nbn dG e dG Gg j fEG .IjY
d YG fG k fL ZCG GPEG ;G A S Y ?J CG J GPeh - NCf CG Y j a ,hdG MCG Zj
d MdG Gh ,edG Sh ,YUG .iQCS - g Ma ,a KG f LCG e QdG
:AhdG EG dG kGe ag UGh dG J CG J fEG .HgP e ih L - .aGj
.FG S g FG aO EG j fEG .e hO e OdG g IMGh kIN ?Gg MU eh -
:OM H HJ K LJ EG d dG f Sh ,G e k L !GP -
QT HCG af CG j K eh ;dO EG LH f ...hH MCG M dG HdG H kGQa TQ QSh
.QGO L eCGh kL KK cJ d( ,SdG e Ic Y g eh .)e FKK INdG Y c bh( IQqdG
d gO GJCG .GfG CG dG fGh dh ...e c bdG jRJ JCj K .)G R SGM e lY fc M ILh Ia EG
j CG Kj c fCG CG ;fa jQJ EG Lj M ...dG hN Y JCG TQ H eh ,IQ dGh , G Nh ,DG

11
2009 GjM 3 130OY
 h ;jY Ib q Yo h ,dGh Qd QMdG
MGdG ,ShDhQ b b dG dG LQ c Y
dP dG b bh ...dG f ,NBG n rpJ
,)O MCG MCG dh ,hCG ,CG b d( dG
;QdG dG e H YR hO e dG Hh
e l jL L C a ,kGL Ic jQP d c dh
GhQOZ CG Gj h ,dGh ,YdG GTY ,dG
ceCG - jdG - Ghd ,kGS QMdG
GhR Th ,gUGhCG G dG h
kcQJ ,QCdG e d iNCG ASCG JGh ,HdG
OGLCG VQCG ,jCGh ,eGQCGh ,dG e kb
,GdG Y a CG dG g Y ch .foO dG
eGQCG iMEG CG bjh .MGdG dG icP Y
H gMh H QMdG b Y n reu ob JG dG
j ,dP Nh ...b dJ GJ ,WCG
,G bEG Gj CG efG H FdG
L G iMEG c O a .H Geb e jJh
,AGdH b AHCG eJ dG dG j ICGeG
b dG fc Qh .G J h
a ;fSh dG ehe d poSG eGZ
kHV dP jh ,eG EG dG n nr jo CG e SCG
hCG HdG dG N H b ,MG GNEG e
eG G dG eQ EG .dG fU e
fej ,d IQKEG jT ,bEG jT hj
J ,gVZCG d ,d dGG FdG J
YCG G ADg CT e J CG J dG FdG
,IG ie dG j jdG G ADg ,G
...ke bh jG ,AGdG
e k HV j CG zIO dG H dG{
dP N g ...GNEG G , M G YCG
dG AdG YdG fc Q ?IdG J d
QfH Oj dG G TGh ,HG H
AGG MCG CG T e e .e M EG aNCG b gV
,SQj dG S Y fG OdG gCG jb
jdG Cj ,dG G eh ,OGL eG K
Ia GW QMdG j K ,IG b Y G H
K QGb QGUEH fG dG iYdG J
,NBG J MGdG ,dG ShDhdG Hh ,) Z(
...QJ FSDhQ e eM dG b fc H
dH J ,jCG IY H ,UdG e bH Uhh
IQH kG e fG ch .dG dG L
dG RdGh SCG FSQ Uh M Ie
dG dG AHCa ;j hCG j e g j
.OGbh Ib dCG GYCG M ,G GhQOZ b Gfj
dG jQdG FXdG ASCG Ge jdG Hh
HG CGSCG c Ggh .G f S
SEG Ea .CG Y dG h M j
,kf kGS dG Hh ,HCG EG WCG b b
.G jCG ,dG qh ,VdG Y dO
Y fL EG Jj ,SQGO kWCG eG H ,H
.dGh eGQCG SCG e G ,NCG QGG
dEG J jdG jCG HCGh ,LdG g d
dG EG dG QeO eGh .QEG jW Y IhdG
Y bdG Y MCG dG HQCG dG ,fG
Y dG CG d ,kba GYRh K ,IG b
,ha HQCG EG b A HCG YRh C H j dG
H Goe hCG dG La zeG d{
e GhOWh ,e QOU CG J dG VGQCG
Sh ,HCG j dG Gg EGh .jdG UbCG EG
GhfGh ,jQGOEG FXh Ge dG dG LQh
...HCG j dG Gg EGh .G cGG dH
,kjJ G f Gb a ddG dG LQ eCG
cCG GhHG dh ,UN S e fCG ZQ
iNCG SCG e hGdG e gQc ,HS e
eG Sj GebCG a HGdG dG LQ eCGh
jh ,kcJ kSEG EG d z b{ C H H CSh ?jdG Y j CG Vh e bH
HdH dGh zb{ c N .zG G{ QhH j ,jG QdG ,TQ c H Q S
AG qM dG dG EG a j ,zM{ eeCG :LdG
j dG NCG G j dP EG VCG .UCG dh .Z H d EG bEG e INdG J d
SEG CG S GPEG ,HdG dG Y ,cdG dG K b IL QOJ CG SdG G ab J
...dH cJ IOY fc dd .dG eG e YS HQCGh
kFQ c fCG f e ch .zd{ KCG CG j j fEG .kW kGeCG hJ INdG EG Q S
hdG N gj j ,S Ia d adH j CGh bh U NC j CG A KCG g
.jdG e iNCG aYCG e c .SdG Iah e e dG Y KdG dP EG f c zk W UG f Y{ eGY
G gh , HCG e dEG g J dG ;HCG e qEG g J ka kT TQ fG dG GH eYh .dG
...dGhO dH j Gfc jdG ,IQ dG Y Y
TY b z b{ j CG c MG g S H M ,G aZ EG kGQa qfGh ,cG
e fC ,bCG Y JM e NCG dG ,FGG ... H Q
SCG dG g Gg b cCG . FG Rh L CG H .GOS QH EG BG LS -
e ? SH G S jdG O MCG MCG c CG ,QGh dG .VG Y TQ YSGh
jQJ a j dG A dG ge MCG EG ?Qj :Q S bh
e ZCG Y AL b b CG ij ,dH Fb .eCG CG -
K ,cGe eCG OH qSGh ,dG AHCG e fSEG .dG QM GhVGh
jQP KQGG G H dh .FGG EG fG .bhU S d ...eCS -
a :ce jW M dG O J CG b ?o S -
GSQ CG GdCG b JdG e LCG IY CG G EG eeCG j .dG H dCG hCG ,o S fCG H -
hCG ,Y W gL c ...e kYCG g ejCG M .G
,L Y k HCG ,AG Th Se ,d e k HW ?hdG j G GPeh -
j Gfc dh ,IhdG e k b kEG kGjL YCG .FbUCG bUh ,eCG eh ,e -
kfMCGh ,Gq M qfCG , JGQGe jh ,gLe . eCG YOh ,kG j S YCG . e IQ j H
e Ggh .O dG c Y JCG j M SQGe ...kGjS YCG ...MQEG
h ,kGFb j hCG b CH OYG EG fYj H j CG dG SG dH H Hh
h .ah .ge MU c H ,eG gCG e kLQ .c
;k jb b YR j fCG f dG g jh ,SCdH gjh ,j RdG G c
,UN QaCGh e GP ,ke kLQ H .fG ge jCG jh ,d j CG e kdW ,c e VG
gCG fG K ,FGG aO G SG :OhH db ...kGNCGh ...HK Yjh ,b Y HQCG
OGY ka kT GNOh ;e H q J hCG G GJ d .e EG gdG ZQ H J -
.YG c e GL CH GfG K ;JSCG .jEGh gdG ILCG aO a .dP Y eZQEG
iNCG OGM g J d ;kG L GP GPEa ;S j VGYG CG j .IG g h
OLh EG QTCGh ;fdG MG YCG KM C e dH ,G jS Y j g
hdG e d kYR c ;Sh SCH P zb{ eYh .kT dG g c e j dG TQ
QdG e TY e Id kFQ hCG ;sMdG :GDdH TQ QHG OGfG Y dG
dG ;zQMdG{ L Y ,b We SdG ?J c hU CG Y -
be EG .zZ{ je e bdG G Y j S RGL fj Gfc g ...!JCG YO -
e be fEG .Ic dO hP f zQMdG{ kfGH AG ij CG aCG .YH YN ?M hH
Q fCG GJ e MG e c S ...iNCG
.H eCG e dG Gg f Y TQ j dG dP M
Y ;SGd OG e kK j ehdG c Q S YO dG UG SCG g e :GDdG
c c .ze{ de e dH ;G e He CG jj RdG G c g ?jL e e IQjd
Y ,zg{ M g ;GNBG M be d CG e N ,INCG Id SCGQ e QOj
zjef{ bEG ce ,zJS{ Mh ,LWb WT a TY dG G f ,kY ,kGQe ,kehe
.gSCH ddG jaCG GfBG j c dG e dh .RGYGh gR edG e jdG G g
dSCG b QM H f dG JGh ...kjJ AT c ...AT H aCG CG d
c EG a .IN kIN gWh ;HG ehdG
M ;dG ,gh ,JS GQL H gOL 10
GSQCGh ;z e{ e YCG f G Vh qb b IQdG Ze fch .dN INdG fc
dG dG QfG Sd Hh G e RQe QH e jCG KK Ie Yh .jaG Z AKCG
S c .g eGbCG Gj CG a j ,dG S Y e hOj LdG NCG GOS
.MC VN Z ,jO e dGj e M dG j e kdZ VG c .dG NGJh .djh
YCG Zj Gfc dh , L j Gf j j dG h ; JG M FbUC GQjH d
q eh ...OG dG g j gh ; H dG dG U Y TQ SG dG e NCG
fS Gh CG fdG Y SGh ...jCG fch ,kFg dG c .dG EG Uh ;RdG
.UdG oHdG dH df ...Mh .g EG e H GbG hO eCG OH ,jdG
Lh ,jdG Y iCe Sc cG K ...H
11 dG H hJh ,dG SGe kLGe Q S
...MCG p ocG CG H ,jCG IY Z dP c iL TQ bh .YOCG H j GQh ,fNO Y e
HH W ,dG eL ICGeGh LQ L Y c .dG EG j gh dEG j ,Qj EG
,AedH Z e GbJ G fc .j e UY gh .dEG Q S e eY j CG Th
kW GJ a dG jg eCG . dG e eM ...{ :eY a ,LG ,IQOdG UGdG J e
CG H ij a .Gg ej M ,V dH H d dh ,AHbCG f ;dG f e ,f
ij ,fdG G V e kHV c LdG b eb d .HGdG e fdG j dG
...HdH Y j HhQhCG e Z j fCG hNBG cj e Y ,ShCG dG e ,zrnb{ IOb
npr SoCGh ...MU e mHY La ,dG f U VhCG dh .cGe ebCG K ,fSH eh ,dG
12
 dP J fc .dP eCG kT SCG h ,J .OG LCG n Yn h ,I dG VQCGh ;QGGh , G
eG dG b CG kjL YCG dh .Mh q Y J c
gG CG H ,BG dP YCG ,Zd kaN LhJ
, e HGQ j d I a g CG jh
e j dh e GPEG SG g Y G dhDe
,QhJh ,qGE J MGQ K ,jL e JLhh ,qGE .z...QCd he jCG
LhR c M b jDhQ d JCG Ggh
1 dG YCG c .NB M e aG d j 12
JCGeG a Jeh ;FQ hO dG Xh HCG c .dj jCGQ d H eCG e J dG c ,jG e QdG fGfR ,dG dP h
,e hCG IQe fc hCG ,IOQhh ,IgR gSEG b SCG .MCG S Lh ,HCG L ,L e dGR e IKDG Q S aGYG CG Td j
rnNCG ,KG HG e J fc eQCG f dGh dG SCG H O Lh ZQ , dG G g MCG CG aGYG J ,dG X Y gh ,fPCG J
dG JgT dG ,QM dG hn GQY , e ...SCG H ...M EG aJ eCG MCG dG H J fc dG HG
G J fc .G e FGH ej n UG hO hJ dG Gg Y UdG bGdG c dG WdG Gg e J CG j{ ...GOS QH
e dG c .jd G cdG G ,QGUEH YCG BG GfCG gh ?j c GJCG .dH j CG SCGQ Y dh ,fa We d fEG .e JCG
ICa NCjh ,ch QN Ie c f j C j j fCG H ...J e eO NCG fCG g !J e Q dG MH e dG FGG J Q .S h ,H
jj fCc ,OnQe xnL OL ,La OL H ,GdG ...aCG fCG H ,TQ fC ,G Ve h ,jQdG Ghd VY
g ,g JLh dG ,HG dG eCG ,Je uj CG NCG CG Qb d .kGHCG Lh J d dh f .dP J CG Y .H eCG f .eCG d
jT e H HCG e Q G ,Y G GP dG MCc kjCG MCG c EGh ,fe hO e ,H CG AGQdG EG IOY d ,He Fb EG d
.pq dG jhGQdG d VJ dG dG ,OhCGh
s dh ,gh fCG ...QMdG kL S ...FHCG jh ,d d H dG MdG HdG fEG .b
HUCG F c dG a dG Y q j c Y iJ J dG edG IdG fCG ...fCGh ,KG cCG ...dP e MCG eCf c dh M ,T
K .j he mf MS e j g GPEa ,nndG oO Sh ...X ba S dh ,MCG jJ ,g ...KQdG We ,g dEG CG CG SCG
e FGb FdG ch e bJ ,Ze QU NCG FGg c Sh ...ach JQGM c b GhgGh ,b AHBG e H dG IjGh e H
Y d AG dG j W S c .GL hO - LdG e H f fc d c - dG S Gfc ,FGdG e g IGZ ,GeCG g a e
e d jY Ib e M Cc ,g .GhCG b gQK S h .b EG f a f eCG .kjY ke hj
eCG e eCG idG NCG NGh .OGLCG ZQ f CG Y c GPEG !kGHCG LhJ d dh fa ICGeG e ,HG fc d :d bCG CG H
Lho L dh ,MC kT idG J h ;dG YCG ,kd jQH W a ,AT c K ,SQe ICGG Y fG H b e hCG ch
gQfR h ,dG b ,G S dG dG ...jL e MG WCG Q S gRHCG dG IQdG Och( ,HEG NG
AGQdG dG aO ,c jCG hOh .SSe je .z...ke LhJ d ,dP YCG dh jCGQ dG dG IQU EG J h ;jdG e gJ
dG kHQ Y G n GP ,MG IdG ,IMdG jCG , jYd SCG jdG EG ...) G
a ,NG dG CG dEG N d .T a fhj Gfc ,fAHbCG Gfc jdGh ,HCG e bGU
dh ,G dG eQCG Y d je CG hO J dG eCG LhR bh , Y k FGO
Y b fc g .dEG J CG hO jU S
C J f c g ?R dG F dG HP Y n dG
j J CG Q b b f c fCG CG ,i NCG aO
dh ?dG Y J GPEG a gQU EG dG
iQGJh ;b Y roj ,G d X dG
dG FY Vhh .d j a f dG
e e b dG c GPEG :dG Y jjCG GQKdG
M dG dG CG Y kdO dP c a ja
,GhdH PBG b dG CGh ,J NCG b dH
b hQ d kfHb euob dG jhGQdG H
...JbQ
2
,Td oG QSCG dG b Xh
gdG e TQ ch ,jG e QdG fGfR
J gj dG G EG .GYO Y IH ATCG
NBG AT g ...fdG g h ,dG
d GP ,QSCG dG b d d ...j
j j , r n Yh ,c HQH ,fGfdG
ka kT c MG CG dG J h .kIhGg
,H EG H jOhe Gfc . fG f dG NGO
Y hD d j e kqjGC dh ,cH MGj
MdG Lh j dG ,G b ,b e u fdG
jj c .JcG jhGOdG dG P ,QdG
fc .j b IhGdGh ,b IQG JGf
e MGh c b Ije jH J gMh Jf
TY b Mh g fCG OMCd hj ch .AHCG ADg
EG jdG T dG Mh gh ;YJG H JM
g e Je j h .dG H M M ,QMdG
LCG e R LG dG VQCG Y gh , dG
gh b e H M dG G e bC H ,iQ dG
c ,dG HGWh ,e iQU R j ,Oe
g CGj GQ dG TQ M H e dP a
IdG GP ,b Y UG jQJ dG
d ,jG e Qg fGfR ,OGdH HG
...ke dGh dG d g ,LhOe

13
2009 GjM 3 130OY
H k T MCG .A Y IQ H MCG EG . Lr G
d .MCG dG TCG NBG a J ,IcGP
W dG OedG G e ZG bh L J
j .hOc W kfGhYh kX JH Y
M QG dPh ,jG J d TY VJ CG
j TdG Gg cCGCG ...S HhP Zj UCG
J FGgCG MCG CH YCG M NCG EG ?iJ
j dG LrpG Gg Y kGH IG QGSG
ffG fGQL J ,V QNG HfCG Y
;H MCGh e fOCG CG Qb Y Vj dG IMdG
Y jM JCG CG e kH ,MCGh Y aGOCG CG
jCG ?jH dCG dh .Y Le GQL
,dG Gg Y KMCG CG ?jGdG Y MCG CG Y
,kGYa BG e aZ J CH fCG CGh
CGh ,SG db YS HCG OW EG dP iOCG dh
,Mh UCG dG dL ,BG H dL VJ
c jDhQ C ...W eCG M hCG ,Me Y eCG
j CG j H dG dd a d kFGO IN
d jdG Gh ,ed dH dh ,ke BGQ b
W IK Gj e YSh ...MGdG W bhj
j CG kGHCG j fC dP c ,dah
!jNBG Gfh ,JGf Y gc
p
hCG ,nLr e ,HK NG ! j , H
NBG gCG M fG ...dH YQJh ,aZ
c eeCG Jh ,iPCG Y kGH UCGh ,a e
b Je eCG aCS ,G dP Mh .FGdG
h M ,bY h LhR j d .jEGh gCG CG
EG SCG b Gfc dh kGHCG JOSG dh Y ,HCG
AGOS laZ pjEGh J CG KDhCG GQCG Gdh SGM
EG fC e f qCGh ,dG gJ CG e kH
CG e j Y cC , WCG e b fAGQhh
AGTCG WCG e Y EG .M c p LC S
Y dG J CG Y IQOdG gMh g AUCG
eCG dP e AH CG CG SCG cCG dh
WGG g OGOH cCGh ,f dCG c .
e H f Hh H keg , e H
...dY e WGG g J CG Y IQOdG dG
ch ,AH e gh ,fH SG a eCG
.NGG gL Y ojnj NCG b dG
c H jGG HGVH aCG GPe QOCG cCG
.JFK CGg CG H ,kjCG g j fCch hj dG
dG jQhO hC G dG dG fch
H OLh V IQG JGJ SQCG f
Y hDG CG keZ kSMEG MCG ,QdH MOe
ce fL c e QfCG g c d .SGM
WH H YCG CG jQCG c dG fCG ,d edG
dG GdG GMG f QfH gMh AdG Y
bdG ,HZ ,jW bh e GC HG b fCG YCG
Yh ,HG Y AH H b Q S j dG
M ,GdG e kGAL e a M d
dG g VCG CG hO MdG Y OGe AbG
Hh . f ceCG YCG cCG C ,j NBG
,kM Y J dG eCG ,dH CG G
V , d SEG hdG ,ec dP EG VCG
.JY Q S f dG hCG NG
,VG Y kLQN hj dG dG Gg JCj BGh
d IdG jo h ,kjCG d kM j b dh
dG Z AKCG ,INCG VQCG b ,jL N
Y aGd Q Sh fCG FHh ,LdG e bdG
G dG iQCG o c ... dG T
GM o S kbQZ ,q G LH ,dG I T
hYCG ch , j k T C c k cS X d .g
e Y ,iNCG Ie C G G Z EG h
,N fh ,e GJ e gh b SG
c dG dG IT f JQH HJCG fCGh eh
bh ,JYe J CG hO aQh , LG
,fCG ,Y j j dG G e kYJQG cCG e 3
k c dG MdG G CG H ;G L .YHG k d YCG ,HGh Q dG e c
,dH dG Y fG g Vh g a fLh dG adG j ,kje Q S c
,cM jCH g J CGh , ij CH dGh ,RdG e e SGH jCGh jCG e ,KdG f
,JT dG QOj CG b LG e J CGh Y d ,iNCGh dG H ,j K j c
g T GPEG C ; d j CG hCG Id ,I dG I Z QG SH FdG fNO Y
M VGh ,YdG e J CG eEG fEa ...dG Z Y ,G ,dDf c ...JdG G
IT X e OSG fCG fP c LQ e Td MCG X , N TY ,FGdG Q dH IjL
J CG ? dG M e GPEG ? hS fCG hCG ...J Oj LLdG dG Q S e c .AHBG
e YJh ,Le Jh ,H dEG f e GPEG ,hn J HPL ce OY e dDjh ,dG
hX ICGG T H Mj e dP dCG( ,dO
r n cQ H kfae SCGQ c .dH OLh ZCG
b EG VCG CG EG eeCG j d ,Mh )?K SQ bQ roJ fc dG Sf h ,dG aQ
bdG f fGh bCG CG hCG ,GPC kAJG dG aG bS WH eCG ;dG e N eb
,gCG e dG NG IK a bCG c dG O j kGjd kG N g dG f UCG a
...H eCG e d tpYoCGh c fCG YCG CG H h .SG efCG jH
c H ...!VG c J CG J h e H f MH e dG MGdG KdG f
,G Ve Y a gj Vh bh ,YhQ e ...GdG e GS , G dG e G S
G Y KCG CG Hh H M dH AMh nnN kGNCG fY d .QSGh ddG e ...G G
c BG Rh J fc CG H dG , NdG e d H e c fc dG IdG GQdG Y
fCGh ,gh ae e fG qfCG dh ...OhG j fDhHbCG c( .NCG dG Yh ,VQCG
dG fCG ?dG e G kYafG cCG f iQCG ,AGQORG e AH g fdY bh G kFGO
, J H ,dG jGhR e G HJCG c GhHGh ,fdG Y fDhHBG SG jdG f
Y NBG OLH e MGdG j dG h ,dP eh .)dG e Gd ,FGdG L Y
...JQCG e H fCG f GPEG qGE ,LQCG kT HdG AeO JGh ,jL e fSG a
H dG GW fc jdG rHEG eCJCG c IdGh cdG Y f CG f c .ka
Y j G ICGG d j . dC G OG dG e Ia QfG adG cCG Wh ,gdG dG IQGM
fc G YafG fh !d N EG Jjb dL H dG eCG . n nG fM
GdG gGf ...IQcdG T J L O fc a ,g J dG ISCG S fL
c YhQ H jj ,AT j j hj h ,SG Sa NBG AKCG J
dG Y J cG f c . G YGQ dG eCG Y HCG fCG ZQ ,ge e ASG CG Y
dG e IQOdG dG J Y ,dG G .CG J H LhR dG LhRh ,J dG
J dGh ,GVG d jDhQ J dG ,G j h ;k j J J SCG f c I SCG EG
c ,dG c ,dG MdG c jdG FGQ dG Y j Q S c ...a jCG NG
.z...CG YCG c .d YGQP a e d ,SG e d c .dG Th Y hJ fc H ,dG -
,G Gd eO J IQGG S dG CG ,IH f JCJ fc .dG YafG YVCG
.kT ICGG MJ CG AT c b j c e dh G jDhd J fc dG edH TCG ,Sb
dG eCG ;Lh e J G ,IAGdG fc TCG h j f L NGC dG HGC h ,G dG
dR eh ,dG IT cCa cCG fG b a dG ? dG W Y j c :j H kej kMVh
...C YCG dG Mh c CG YCG bCG fCGh ,OY Y YCG c H ,e cH
CJCG c dG dG h ...G kbe e
4 c dG AVdG J IZ TQ YVE a
!AdG e b YhQCG e ! dG dP LCG e eCG c e jRCG CG j dG dG
;GWH iCG dW ,ddG jcP q EG OJh e aj QdG GQ dG J ...AG JDhJ
dW ;ehdG MCG kGS c .kGM c d kM .LGJ dG IadG
YdG c .YdG ba f V Y hOM dh ,G Qf dP j ...Y ZCGh
Y Oj dG ch RQCG GT ZCG gdG H K ,M e dG jCGh .UdG H
kT dP c .IQGH kYe SCG c .HB dG .d Q S SGh ,dG OCGQ dG
gh bQCG ,dG I T fCGh G H d . e dH ZOCG Sh f Lh
c ,J CG hO ,IH ,eM e J d bCG CG SCG cCG dh ...ICGG J gOCG
.WdG AdG Gg gh ,UdG e j CG fCG CG LQ d ...Q d fN hj dP CG
.b SBe dG c dG b d L JCG CG OhCG c K ...LhH gcj dP C ,gQM dG Y
GRCG e fCGh ,ShG ILG g H Sj SdG LG J IT Cgh ,cGQ e
EG ?AG J GP{ :G dW ZCH kGPNCe JCeh ,dGh Sd j c dG dG
Q dGh ,YaCG c G AdG OLCG dG eh .dG kb j cJ K ,AH
fL ,fL Jh ,Jh ,d J ,IQdG IT iQCG c ,a LCG cJ dG dG
.SG VGMCGh ,YhCGh ,LLR e G ,fZCGh ,bGQhCG a Jh ,IQGH J dG
Jh ,TGG CCJh ,QgdG hJ CG j g EG YCG CG ZQh .eQY If V HfR
,G JZ IQc ,edGh AGdG Y kGH ,AdG b GeCG e c :AJCG MQ a ,Z TEG
kGNCG kG c d ,j gQZ j e aO j c !L Y kHCG hQG LG Gg GZG jW eH
.Ie IG eGO e H a bYCG j IdG L Y f b J fch( qEG Nh
dG e ?Y hO GHCG j dG eh J IT CNG b kR CG qEG N ,)OhG
SG VM QfG Y IQOdG ICGH j c .)LG J dG eC j c( i NCG
CG hO d , jR hOh ,Q T hO ,LP b j bdG CG H ,IdG NCd a b bdG
?jdG Gh dG H ,dHP j fCG j b dG dG e GU TC M
d SCG C H YCG EG ! j SG jJ Y kGQOb ,d kbGhq P h M ,kae d
c ,dL e a , S hj e Y ij a j dG G dh ; G Gg b
...Y Ie e KCG AG Gg JU e U ,AG Yh jQdG ICGG ij cCG LG GWCG
Gg c HCG dG g UG AGgCG d IOLe fc dG J dG dG IT CG ZQ
14
.MdG d ja ,eb Y OhG OdG
c .G dP q SCG .aJ eb fc
c Q S dh IadG e j G AGg
.iNCG EG e Y HGZ OGOj
.f e Ae d ...IG g fCS -
C NCG b fCG j .I d O j PDG CG Hh
Gg e bO Q S CG e ZdG a ...bdG
UGhh .dG AVd j fEG EG ,VG
dG c fG e GPEG M ,jW Ia HJ PDG
e JCG CG GP M SGh ,VH W b
,RGdG e f eh , WCG H Mh
b kjW eGbCG Y fSh ;HdG SCG d
hO e hj kee ke dG Y eeCG f CG
kGNCG fCG fLh K .GTCG H J Ie ch .de
G j dh .kGH G j .SGh S eCG
fOYCa ,idG ce c .dEG gdG Zj e
H ,YS IH AdG Hh .dG Ad G
,kbe a ;NU S ,ej HGh CG c
j ...!S EG dP H AT j .dG oUCGh
2009 GjM 3 130OY
dP EG aVEH fEG .dG AbUCG fdG Ea ,HG LG e HCG EG OY K ,iNCG I dG H
.Fa YGH J - dG Y Hj BG dG bhCGCG :IjdG JM cJh ,QdG
ICGG a ZG dG AG( dEG AG j CG b
5 : j TY Vh M cCG dCG )?ISBG
:b fc .H M EG SG b jCG YGQP c jj AG Gg EG .OHG a ,ZG d{
,G a JJ fL EG N dG I dG M !zAG Gg CG MCG dh ,kGYh keO ,c
:LCa J GG EG ofCGh .AdGh VQCG H Jh ;dG hDH SG jaCG HG M ,dG
.c M Y fCG - dG jnn S M SCG CG Nh ,HdG kjW S ,VdG c dG g Y Vj CG j
fc ...dP e cCGh ,G g c MCG . dG ICG g g iNCG L eh ...e g dh ,dGdG d H
YCG dJ CG Th Y QTCGh ,IjL GH AH d MCG dH E a ,J Z dG c J
HhY S gQCG CG Y J gh ,VQCG ,bH b dh .f kjS aj c dG QG
M dG k ZQ dZoCG fCGh k e Hh .nQ
C G H ,kFf j a ,T hO e G QH ch
QaCG QfG M qEG g eh .INCe AL Rj ,MGR Gc Gb IY b C H cG
...VQCG EG OYCG CG qY c .jT H Th ,TG EG Oj K ,VQCG e b Y EG Ie c Ad
a d .HCGh Y H kfe kGNCG NCGh ,G fe e nod ,JGP IdG X OH fG
6 Y dG H TCG c . dG GhCG J CG IjL Ib J e dG AG H iNCG Ie
U OSh .kGMCG YRCG d gOWCG c dh ,T eCG kGOLe c d c ,YC kGM j CG hO Y
d INS g j e c c ...jW jh ,BG eMCG Y j f CG ,c Ae CG
j CG jCG kHGVG bCG c .HGVG .a j fCG
dEG OYCG dG YdG H Zf d ,Ie c GPEG G Gg S S CG TCG YCG
kjM j Q S GQh ... cJ K .fAhg NCj qCG dG EG HCG ch ;ka HUCG b j
aCG cCG .TGa Y j gh ahG AdG H ,G EG H Oj ,GH T Y Ve JT
fCH e kX ,XjEG dhM eYh ,kT jM e !fEG LdG fCG ,eMCG b EG VCa
c ...dG dCG CG IH CehCG ,SHc ICWh jCG{ :KO fCG fCGh ,jL e Z TCGh
e ZdG Y k bGh IC a fGh ... j dG CG N ,dG b dG Gg JCG .OSCG LdG
f Q J dG EG ! H EG Y ...jW J
dG h aG d eO e ,Oa ...G
d dh ,Y j dG c d .BG M
.z!fdH MOe Ac ,jW bh e a j
Q KBG EG fCG CG hO jG G g gCG c
eCG .Jh ,J JH GPEa ;dG G
Z JGb UGjh ,ef j SG a iOG
fGC h e cJ M ,edG WG e
.jdG H ej YVE N
j T Lh c dG Q S qGE s Jh
ejCG H A f gGP fCG p r oj gh ,QG MG
J eOCG Ige e d aCG dP Gh ,IMdG
.QGht dG Gg e
:LCGh
CG id f SCG CG sYCG ?N g g -
b c GPEG ?IFH Y p foCG M c , e IQOH
Ie c J sCG a , eCG Vh
...a J
J J d ,HU cCG YCG oc ...fCGh -
.jL e J ? dG VCG d ...kFGO
:b
!dH e fEG !GP g g !dEG j -
:Q S b
c H ,eb HUCG UdG bG d -
. J g . j dG dh . d H J
CG LQCG dh ...fSe EG IOdH sd .HTCS
c eCG dGh ,Ah dG j a EG . J
!GdG e d l ja ...EGh ...QdG
...Lh j dG jG dG Ggh -
!rd ...AT fEG -
H OdG NCGh .k T bCG CG SCG
f M ,kGL aYCG k YEG{ :j c H
.zd J ? d Ua
eb J bh .kdH kML ML b fCG g -
?J ? dG Y J CG kjCG jJh .fe
...dG g Of c
.H aj dG GPEGh
: db
,YRJ c g cLCS CH j Y c -
...R d VY g c H
...J eMCG g g !dEG j ,gh
:jQSCG J bh ,Q S LCGh
j dP Y YO !GOQH fEG ?R fEG ...g ,g -
15
 dh ;fCT e Ga QdG EG fG b c UCG c ,kb Y jo Q S QM
fEG .fN Y e d fEG !AdG GhJ
dG jCG NBG CG dh ,JHh eGQCG c Y aS
dP d .b N G W ad ,fO b
,e h ,VQCG H LQ H Gf e fEG ...e
d GcJCG ...ehG dG Qe Y kSGM f
...Z hO cCG EG ;GgPGh ,
dG H OJ CG H j SdG GQ K
?dP e Jh fhOJ fEG -
fG dhCG d ,dG H ,fC f fEG -
kT cj fdG EG .gf jdG jG
a e gh , e k J b EG j ... cC J
LdG g dP .G kfdc UCG b ,XG
EG fdG SQCG ,aG kHV c d .G
hJh , LCG e QM d .jQS EGh ,cG e
CG LdG Gg EG .IhK UCGh ,fa
d I jG J H F N G O j c O j
f b fCG EG XCG eh .dH QdG jh .VGQCG
g fY d .N hO GgPa fCG eCG .FHBG nb
.cSe hj e H dh ,N h M
CG Y ...f CG b f .
Q S ,bCG Y dG a NBG Ge
Y fEG ,UdG AKCG eb HUCG a dG dG
H Lh ? j L e O M g g !
adG dP dh .m Y e BG ej RdG dG
dG G dP ,KdG IM qEG j c dG g
fEG .dG J CG hO e c YQJ fc
H WCG dG dG ,bdG Lh Y ICGG S
kGeCG hj GdG Ea ,jW NBG CG b ,e MGh
f fC ATCG g Y af fCGH K . e H
CG b ,jf c ,JM GVG QR Y Uf
.HJ e e H CG ,dG e bdG c f CG , G LGf
bdG dh .f c e Ggh ... G
c e Ggh .Q S Ve e H eG jdG
S Ve e H eG jdG bdG dh .f
H ,dG dG h ... dG W j GQ d .Q MGU Qb d( .j dP dh ,J J
Q S Qj kT c .dG e SQ fAL
fch .GNBG SQ b H J K .dG
SdG GQh .H bJ , G hG e kGOY jh ,)GR EG G j( RCGjo
:j gh ,j hCG
e fEG .LdG ae J CG dG d b - .jdG Lh Y jZ fCG Y hj j dh
SGM LGh j Yh .Jb ICGeG fEG .gCG
...LG e Id J fEG K .QG
...b AHCG e kjCG f -
:b fCGh d eb GPe dh ...dP c Q -
q EG GUCG - Y j EG fCH fG cDhHBG QJ d ?LQ
g ?Jb g jCa .kIb cCG dEG GhOd fdG
GPEG ?jG e H L jdG J ? dGh ,OdG g
d
GJ e jdG fc .Q dG TC IdG ZCG
.OdH MCa ,dG Y bdG dG e J
EG IOdG Hh H dG g NdG J fc
HCG CG qY jCG .j MCG j dh ,AdG
GRCG e ICGH Y e Gg ?dG M VdG Gg
.QcEH gf TCG
j gh ,fH j LQ EG bh
aj GQ ,H j CG hOh .fdG H SCGQ
IjT H JaGYH qEG OCG K ; fL EG jj
Qf f Cg fCG M ,G dH ,dG
Jc CH T .U JTh ,eH dG
jG OGORG c ch .) G EG F Yh
c .IRG dG e c fL Y fCG cG
.FGG bT e j CG j dd , edG
c Q ?IQhG MG dG A b UCG d c G JCG
! e U dG dG j
dG g J CG dh .Gg GDS Y QYCG -
?kFf c Q ?kNGU b
:gO jdG b
?GU -
Oj CG kGe ,QdG eCG kGgS oH ddh ,f -
.dG dP
:kFb Yh
kfPCG CG dG jh .kT SCG EG ?Ia jCG -
?kGQY c Q !ge
:dG e Lh EG dG YJ bh NUh
Nd FZ JCG CG LQd kfe JCG -
QCG fCGh YS bCG EG ?dP j c ?QY
?WH H e j K ,ke ZC ,OdG e
...J -
bh ,kGjT kNGU NU dG J h
cCG jH LdG Zh .jQ hO Jc T
dG EG YSCGh .H AL dG J e kVZ
,G LdG dP icP OWCG CG hMCG fCGh ,JJ fc
fCG Y GHh .H a eCG jH f kGYGh
X jGE k Y H L a Q S eGC . b J
dG Y j jCGQ a ;j b e HH
dO dG Gg j CG oNh ,fG jdG J
EG fOb M ,VG Q S Ea .dG QfG Y
Y AGQh aOjh ,jj H NCj CG ,jdG g
dG gTCGh ,eb Y fCG JCG c H ,SdG
dG edG Od f ,OdG N e j
)e h fCG c H( Mh Q S HUCG a
j Q a ,BG eCG .j hCG j CG hO
dCG CG dCG h .Jj cJCG CG sYh ,dP e ZdH
.G G eCG , rcQ Y SCGH
J GJ e gGJCG ? YP jJ EG dG e
GO e IQOf Sc GP c LdG Gg EG ?dH
gOGY Nj ,Ic AGgCG ja gh ,fe QOj
dG ,dG b ,dG SD IOdGh ,d M
jQJ E a ...k jCG O MCG MCG dG Gg c Q
ke X dh ;bhCG e bh j b
j CG AT dH G e N CG a j
Q QORG Ea db AHCG MCG dG Gg c GPEa .dUCG
H j dG j dG H s jo CG d AG
,QMdG GH jdG FHbCG c H Hb dG AG
c G Qh .HQdG a e Q Sh fCG c H
eCG dG Gg Ea ,GJe hCG Goof b dG LQ
AHCG f eO e ,fOj CG M j QMd
QeO GgSh ,VQCG M gDhHBG H jdG
.OGLCG H e
dG FGdG H f dR e Q Sh fCG c
dG , eCG .ke VQCG g Qj fCc hj
CG a HCH HJ dG bGdG e QZ
16
 dG dEG Cj FN Ie .Y Y kSCGQ HG
T kGL Y Je ooJ .hdG d d b
EG iJ ,dc e fGL Y J K ,J
M ,OGdG e z dG{ Y e G j G e
e LMe ihJ T EG dG OGdG j
,L n ep gj ,QJ Me e ...Ig EG Ig
j ,jGH h jf hO UCG U ;VM h
kT YS J dG jQdG dBG FR j H
dG hG J ,IG jH R gh ,ka
W WdG hG , b h fEG gC j
,AgdG jQdG dG QTCH MOG G G
, J dG e dG h H , fG Q TC H
edG QTCG Y ,JdG QTCG H
M ,j dGh dG jOH ,RGh , ScCGh
dH ...dG fEG ...FdG HdG dG J
dG FH dG dG ...SdG gUj dG
...he S ...fEG ,dG SdG jM j
kFV hJ ,NdG OGS d bh ,IWdG fc
K iPCG c id ,JfG c id ,e c Y
c ,b Y J ...AgO - G dG jG
kM a ,dG dG b - H Y J
IMh S Wf kMh ,dG EG j f i
gCLa IU :AdG RGLCG AGOdG b aJ
TCGh ,sG SGh , SGh ,jG hZ
kbe a ,dG iQP M IG UGhCG GP
FdG G gOj ,Gh HQCG QG H
e QG Y jh ,G VMh I dG H
cGJh ,JHV edG a jh ,c HdG GWCG
Y J M ,IdG dG M HJCG a ...AdG EG
QfG je ...b ...d dG dG ge
GdG Mh .FGZEH dG Y j ...YdGh
MG ,GdGh RdG e ... b ... eG
RHh ,kej a VQCG gG e dh ...HQCG jd
e G S Y .I dG eh G f c EG , dG
Y ...jG zjQe{ g H NO ,QG
(1)
Jh ,eSEG DGh ,jOH H H GS
H jG Y j ;TQ JCj kGNCGh ...QjCG 8 GQK
jL e jh ,eh ,HCG jJ e GS Y
AGQh e j GQ dG RQCG iTh ,IdG FGQ
dG adG fc .IYCG hCG CG b M ,LdG
j a J ,I SGaCG AVV EG dSG
YGG ,dG YGG N Jh J gh ,NBG
G fc eY Jb VG e SG dG
,TQ SCGQ Qhj c e Gg .d G IGOCG
.jG G Y j QYG G ij gh
dG dG U eCG e EG j G j
.G Jb j gh .AGQh kGH j
,G g g .jW Z H OY .TQ Uhh
aG jW J MH e dG H dGh ,Gh
dG IdG ,g g fEG .)UH dhdG( FHdG
ghCG :de Je Y f dGh ,a dh
d N dG ICGG S fdGh ,G Sd
,G Ve TQdG ,e kHg TQdG EG Cj CG
OYCG dGh ,FbUCG MCG JQG dG fdG G
dGh a S dG OG G EG kG TQ
c ,c Y aj TQ c ,NBG jU UUQ
c fC ,kGNCe AL dG dP dh ,kM H j
U ij CG b ob dG HCG e cCG GP PEG j
,kS fM c d .d SCj e Y j .QdG
J fc dG IdG c ,SCGQ J H TCG
f d kGc HC j j ...jG e Q dG Y
,TQdG h ,G h ,SQG J h .kMe
j c eY ,OhG Rj CG b e M bJ CG
.fG WdG LQ sY d . dG GQGVEG
G MCG : dG dG j W c ihC e GP PEG GhC e c
.b EG hCG JOY d iQGJ M dG
Y ke dG HGW AG U R LG bdG dP
EG kSCGQ G IG g dh ,Wh EG Od GbCG
2009 GjM 3 130OY
...dP e AH g aGe j CG hO ,IO G f fEG .BG H GgJ CG .G TGa
.bGj Gj e dG c ,G KdG QOZ eYh ...jCG H JM fhWJ CG QNH e
b GO e dG EG e H Q S CG Qsb bh dh .e e GPEG dG aGe f CG -
e j CG jj fEGh ,dG e j CG d oc .HG d Jh ,dP H kGQa G QOJ CG Y
OLh dh .Y f Va hM CG H dG EG e eCG j Y bEG e j e Yh
M KdG jaG Hj a ,dG M TQ fCG eCG .G HCG b J fc .VdG
...G j gBGQ gh .jdG hO IG g h , HG G SG a
iCGQ eY Q S Nh .dG g fGh fc dG INdG GQCa Q H MCG c .AHEG
CG h TQ j h fL EG dj dG V Y ,G GOdG K ,e f dG J
S NU Gah , G Ne id d N G .e b Q S c M fG e Yh . dG
c dG dh .SHc e cCG d fCH Q ...g d KCG h ...G e kGMh oJLhh
jh ,e j kGTQ ga ,G e kjb GRCG b LQ j ,RdG SdG X kGNCGh
kX QdG WCG b j GPEG Y AJ Mh .QdG R fEG :QdG Y aa ,SCGQ Y fdG b
j GO e , HCG kM c Q dG RdG Y gh EG j c dG ,dG IT ,IdG
gP ddh . aGj dG GO eh , Mh e ,G Y Caj AL dG LdG kjCG ch .J
dG Qc IQjd TQ e O CG H dG .Lh j gh
dEG h ...HdG kcf Gj CG GhQf jdG :RdG b
j ;QdG bW kbOU kSCG SCGh ,TQ Y f YOh ,BG Ha ,dG N I dG -
hjj fC ,c gH dEG j dG Qc .G H
Ghg jdG FHbCG e dG Y kT Gj CG ...IYe H kfL dG f ,Mh
,kVfCG eG cQJ ,dG d G Sh , dG
kGSCG GhgU jdG AHbCG AD g , Y hO QGGh 7
J CG bCG dG dG GfN ,QNHh ,jZ dP ...AGa W ,bL Fb ,MS ,ge OU
...MEG e cCG j AH c EG jQP c .G EG j Q S iCGQ dG dG g
j CG dEG j ,Td SQ SQEH QdG fGh c .GMCG e QGhdG j e H Y Y dG Gg
.QdG Y G GjdG LdG QOj CGh , d ,kVYh kW QMdG j QXCG ef e
Hg H ,kGTQ bJ Q S e eYh G EG j dG g T dG G g h ;Q f
IY gOjh ,Y j G dG GPEa ,gMh j h ,kGTQ Mj dh ;IdG e jh
S CG dG SGh ...dG dP M kT Y
e GPEG dH Ogh ,TQ H gP CG j K e GOW ,je LhR k e dD j h Q
eYh !aNH a GPEG a jDhQ hM e dP c .OGLCG VQCG fj GALh ,G iMEG
YGQP e dG H eCG jdG Gg e TQ ZG jGH j GQ K .LQCG Y dG N QGO
:kFb .eeCG bH kVGh ,G dG eCG kHb ,UdG
eCG ... J H EG f C H b fUhCG d - K OH K ,WN H J ,YQ b SGh
:M a b fL d a ,hOG LdG a e dG Y QdG WCGh ,c bJ
jdG dhCG .OgdGh G ,Mc Gd{ .RdG Q S T e ij c dG dG
.z...Y GaGj h ,VQCG GfN Y j g GPEa ,dG eb j UUdG fGh
h ,QdG eh jj fEa h TQ eCG .Yh
8 CG d iAGJ bh .UdG b dG U j
fH ke c dG LdG YCG ...zAgdG{ dG Mj h ,ef j G j e R dG
j h . dG GW dG W j , dG G e NBG Y bQ Z f c( , UG
G b a JS bj OH cG H ,TQ , U dG H h TQ Nh .) SGh
ke ,eCG EG j gh ,jJj c dG dG a j dG hCG IG fc ...UdG je
jj fCG d c ,LdH dG Th fCGh L h .GS IY b ,G hCG Fd e ke
IOe dG b MGV Y H aj CG H bH NCGh ,fe QOZ b dG c dP AKCG
,G IH hJh ,AH fc dGh ...Y eCG h ...dG IT f g iQGJ K ,SdG
d .dG e b hCG IhM jCG hO ,Jh ,J Y WCG dG UUd HCj CG hO ,ZCG CG j
,zMdG{ ...zAgdG{ :G fS Y WCG ,Y Mh ,cM dP e dh ;aj RY LQ
dG e j dG SCGdG f kjQJ JJ a d j hCG ,W ODj c kGNCG a G f K
MH e dG VQCG GP ,HdH IG ddG ...ihBG H e
dG e , YCGh dG d J , FGO IQ K J h ;Obd WH H dG SGh
Q gq S dG dG T M , eh dG c .BG M kGTQ QhH g M b j h ,
eM HY fKCG aJ CG hO bd ,b dG JCLa eY WH H d ke dG
,KCG be IRhe b fc .zQGcjdG{ dG LG A eY M ke ,dG IT
Y Hfc UGG , MdG gQGfC H e RJ EG ,adG EG Oj TQ c H ,VQCG Y S
J CG hO ,QdG jh e fd OGSG ...Q S fL
...j CG j e dG fGW Ld dG dG H Th .UG jH j dG c
,dG e jY j ,e SCGQ f JJ fEG IH kbGh fGh AhH Y a , dEG J
aO bh ,MGh BG keh kdN hj HfdG c dG gQOa ...dG J h ...IMGh
,bhQCGh ,JGbh ,b fCGh , e H ,VQCG WH ,bGdG JdG Y a j gh , dH
L e G QG Me j Hh , Weh , dG GhQCG ,GhQCG b e S e fC H YOGh
.ke bh Gh G bdG Y Cj GQh ,b H SG
dG JnnH dG F dG dG ... dG fEG fCH j CG C j h ,Q S dH HJ dG
dGh ,dG J dG dG ,Ge K aQG e e HUCG b dG CG d JGh .g HCG
HV YCG EG UJh ,jdG J kGHCG fc e Q S c ,adG h .HQg fa ,G
gGb H G G G g gh , N U fc . YhQ F J TQ j ,kGO e Gj
CG hO ,kG HCG sG gG Y LQ N ,IQh G oj gh ,kGYa BG e bGS dG CH e
jdG dG M NCG gGe M dG J dG f g J CG H h ,k eZ k fHb
17
TH dG AGJQG ch ,d AGZ G e j CG
TQ fG M ,j SGQdG dG Oc eh
LQ QOa ; MdG jcC H HG d k FQ
W dh GQhCGh h dG H Z W dG
fh ,cd GfG jNCG HdG SQG
.dG e c OY KCG Y OW J GVEG
HGH a j QGb QGUE cG VG K
eSG WT b e TQ YSGh ,dG
dG dG SH LQ dG VdG b e K ,edG
d IMdG SdG{ SGQd j CG kGL aY
.fG eG TQ SQh ...zWdG LCG e
,d NBG jU gh ,RdG Q S j
ke kGTQ NOCa ;Nd jdG g EG j
.dG N e cG Oa ,UN HY SQe
j a ,dU kY Q S d Lh dP Yh
Jj CG aQ fC dG j f e O Wo CG
dG AdG jQdG EG aVEH THdG
.FHdG eCG F hj
f iCGQh ,Y e dG eY Y TQ WCGh
gdG b L Va ,ddG e M kGjW
J eCG fc dGh ISCd H dG IMdG
G CG Hh ,d AHbCG Y FY Obh ,eGM
TQ Vh ... J M j f M jYQ
.MG dG EG fa ddH
b de TQ SGh ,KK TCG eh
G c .Y J fc dG G gGZCG FV
Y TQ a ,G kGc kf j HdG
.FG bd ed IQYdG e dG CG fG
S NCj h .GdG dG j HdG J c
GQh ,kY kcM d MCa ,dG j e Y Q
M ILh Ia EG g eh .dG FH gOhj
G j .QG b EG jW bdG T
fEG RdG eDj fCH j CG j OdG
EG J b TQ j ( ,fdG Y QN
e hj WdG LQ ch .)dG bJ
CG JdG AGdG Y gQHCG bh c SdG
cCG M c c SG M dG , dG
SEG GH IT e fc .IdG J bGQh
iJ dG CG fc eYh .e dG JM CGJ
,YS bCH J Ic eY fc , e H
Je H G M NOG e c ch
,jdG eH j CG Qb dG TQ e ZdH
dG e k ej Y N H fJ EG bGh
,eQ T FGhCG eG e g K .OGfG
Z EG dG CG Jh ,dG HGW jW Y OYh
MCG CG UN SM e H dPh ,IG g LQ
aGj c H dG e LLR AGH eCG GZCG
Y G fGSCG H j g GPEa ,zdG{
SCGh ...QGd bS j LdG c H ,SCGQ
EG gdH j TQ c ...a Id Q S
d Hb eY ,G e T CG H ,fa
e dG iS kT dP H j h , G
Y eMCG i NCG I eh .i NCG EG j e
e QNCG jCG hO de kGMh f Lhh ,IdG
dG MCG dG MQ e gj dG Q S CG
hO HY ICa dG e sfG d .ke e GOY
iQGJ c ,S fCH cj CG hO ,S h IQTEG
JQO e H Y aG jdG K dG AbUCG
kLh Sh ,MG IadG AGQh TQ ihJh
... dG AfG H GhC e EG gGP m p oL eGC L d
JSG on o G a ,V IR TQ Rh
Q{ : b G J e A dG f c . G dO
,G dG e G e b Y MCG CG SG
fG H ej dG QdG LCG jCG dh
j h ,GYdG Y GR eG dG h z...?eC
L Y HG c ,kGD S Y j M
ehdG f j M IdGh TGQ S Qe .HCG Y KQh dG G
.kjQLEG GhdGh dG MdG G ,dG ehdG G Wb j CG hO , dG G dG TQ aOh
,JS J f c dG dG Q G e H G Yb Y j Q G G c . G
IG cG EG ,H H ,jedG UY FY Mbh ,j e Y ,KMCG Ic e jdG
Y WCG HY H H e bGj c dG c .dG M cdG bG J fc ,cJ
j GP YSEG M HG H H :zjH{ ,HGdG Ne e IN Fe H Y ij TQ e
...cT EG H CG zdG CG{ SG Y jG jH fc dG MdGh QGbCG e Le Sh
Q S ...Q S h dG J e H Z ke G c .dG ddG SH Y a
H dG d f dG cG c dG R dG QRCG dP EG VCG .dG IH HCG dH
jG bW Mh gJ dGh ,QjCG 8 Gge jGh ,OdG M H UdG G g ch ...G
e H eH TgG WdG LQ eCG HGdG GJ Se jH g fc .dG
fc dG gG IcGP fG dCJ e dG a j dG AdG QGL c dG eh ,QdG e
g G e fEG .dM e Rhj dG cG Ye
...fa npd fch .jdG eG e HQdG c fdG
...dG jCG kUh ae JeO HGQ AH VfCG J e jM
J hX Ye d dG TQ HCG eCG kejCG SG dG dG dG N zeGO{
c , e NBG fch ,gM eGQC J a b fc .HdG MQ dGW jG X HQCG
CGH d .gdGh dG jO e Fb d J M YCG fch ...c Y GdG J HQCG dG
bhCGh ,SQG HdG dG jQH JM MGdG HdG CG d c ;H kYU HdG OJ dG
.Hd HSG d S K Ie Z dP H IGP CG e cCG kT J J jOG
I dG VQCG b Y e jCG NBG eCG K J fch ...OhQdG fG K .dGh QGG
fc dGh ISCd HdG G j H ,YQGh KEG ke dG ,FYh ...jUG Y INP NBG
X eGdG dG e NBG EG L e bJ e S EG BG d dG dG YCG e ,e
b c ...BG f S e bCG dG )QM dG( hCG e J S jCG a HG
dh b FY gGU J ;LhR HQCG hJ e GS dG a ;H bGdGh G EG
FY fch .LhR L d GhMCG eY kGTQ KEG EG ...H doCG dG dG J e bCG LCG
QOZ M dG JGV MGQ Y S dG g U j bGdG c JQG dG G
.iNCG Ie LhJ CG H G ae MGQ dG YCG e ...QG OhQdG
Y kjW j CG ,NCG OdG ,TQ j M ,NBG J MGdG ehG QchCG J QG
:KK AGKCG e VQ d .dG JGNCGh JNEH U jG fCG dG zjdG{ MS EG IG dG Uh
ICGG J ,fdG LhdG Kh ,HCG FY K NOh .dG H EG kGNCGh ... e kAG HG jG
f dG LGhH po MG dG zprpJ{ e dG dGh ,jj iMEG SCdGh ,f zjQe{
cQH dh .SQG Y TQ a J dG dG IcGP W c ,zHdG YdG GM{ ...iNCG
dG HQCG eGQCG iU FY ,GhdG Gg FY ...TQ
e fG a dG IdG eCG .iNCG Ie h J H fdG Fb a X dG HdG YdG
e j TQ CG Hh ...i NCG R e EG gOhCG e ... jj CG ec b j dG FGG
GY M d m CG Y KQh dG Gh dG JM S e G Gg j )jQe( NO
.b ALQCG hJ JT GJ e mCG ,Jb TQdG eCG .dGh ,YCG Jeh ,IQdG :kT
Y LhdG OJ Y d g JT J h gG Qe fc a H dG Yh dG IdG
j CG TQ Y b NBG QEG gh ,dH c M ,QdG dH jL ,jZ c dG
M j ITdG gh TQ c .ICGG I S ...kb Ghj hCG ,kH GSDd ,hdG j
gQj CG jj dG eCG :KG U IO dG e OY AH Y bG IOYG TQdG dh
fCG j CG jj dG fc Ge Gh ,eQCG ;Va H eG e OYh , dG HCG
dG h ;MCG H N YGJ fc ...Lhe jG ,dG jdG ZCG d dG SGh
UdG fG hCG dG EG j CG Y c dG T d f jO dEG AL dG{ f
dG ca ...f c G e M H EG d b Gfj CG LQCG :aCH TQ eOh z...WGe
,N Y H SCH HH dP Y OYh ,fc j gh dP b .M hO e kGMh UCG hCGQ
e OW CG d e dG jG U EG IOd VGh ,dG M hjh ,fe e hG dG dEG
Z EG K ,N EG Y G fG d .YH M a W j dG INCG LQ dG Y gh
Mh .iPCG H dh Qd M EG kGNCGh ,e KCG j e F dG A HCG e g d ... cQ
c ...eCH HJ dG iNCG WdG dG fG cCG EG Lj aj a , S jU
CG b jW Ia HdG SQG Y b TQ HCG j iJ eh .H dG jdG a e e
,Lhd OJ e ,QGYCG jd NGh ,s jo dG G WCG b G f j CG ? e JO Y
Y EG ,O dG Q N Q SCG EG , dG L EG H ,QG IhK LCG G dH Nh ,SGd
.e H dG WJ EG , fC d eG GHj fCG jdGh ...SCdG EG eCG UhCG CG
b fEG .gGh kM EG J L QGYCG g dh e d eeCG QX EG ...G Uh CG e e
bh e dCJ ,dG HGQ If G oJG .GdH bdG Gg U e d fCG c U
jW c dG eSEG DG jGQ ,jb IG GcCG J LCe c j TQ c
GS K f j CG TQ Y c ...dG EG GP GcCG ,IOG dG FGQ e J dG
.TQdG SQG EG N dG H e GT d k HQCG hCG fc .AdH jG ,NhG fhG dG
NG dG hdG Y WG b M ch ;HdG e j dG dG QdG J bdG HCG
.Ie g b HCG CG hj H c .dGh a CG EG jG G AH a j dG HG dG
ISC kYae ,dG j H SQj TQ GQh .Y LH j
BG eh , dG eCG jGhQ e S dG HCG e jG Ra ,dW e Rj TQ c
pob K .e M QhJ fc dG iNCG FdG MSh ,zd dG{ MS jW Y dG QG SCG
OYCGh ...OGYEGh dG e TCG fK H SQG VG fc dG fCG EG ,jOdG EG zedG{
fc .d kGS dGh c dG dG HGQ j J GdG jV a oj c dGh ,e hO IOhe
C Ua Y c .kfa fKh F QJ H Ra dG G ...dG dG GQG EG ,ScCG Gj CG H
18
 U e z G{ j jQ ,G G g - G fCG hP LdG eh .dG c kHK hJj c d c ffj ,Y aj Gfc jdG jQKdG
,G ,bG G M j GQh ,jG .AGN b e kYe HfCG c dG zIRG{ ;G dhh .Ie HfG e hCG ,G e kGFY
RH b J CG b ,LBG e b Y G H dGY HGh .fg j dGh dGY c ,Ue bR jf j bSG dG G c
...dG QdH ae ,MGh GZ kJU KMGC h ,dG H Ic SCGh ,f Hh EG kee kYOe c .SQG e GN b Y
H d k N U YR Y S fGE - H ,IG Y QdG e ec J gh k gH .NGh HQdG H j N LH b
!AGOdG LLR fRh jdG M , e bQh TQ Y dG EG IYG dG dG IZ h
Va .AH f M Aoe kMb cG sbh G M G c J , dG Y eCG dW Yh ,jdG eG e NBG Qg Y
zIRG{ M fG EG eh .G jf Y dGY .IRG , Y kG H QdH Y Y K , c
hs G TQ H AG dG cG Z M j CG ,FdG o dG M z G{ Y c ...dGh IedH jge
zHdG{ hCG aG jdG EG b NO b j dG f fCG Y hj ch OG QGhdG jh G I e ) dG U EG( dG N e c
g eCG .SQG fj HG adG c c Lh ,fUH dGY dGC h .G hCG HQCG LdG g c .SG QGb TQ e YfG IU
H T cG Vhh ...zaG{ fEG ...NBG Aa ,c H eh ,AGG dG EG If dG T ,IG eCG Hjh ,H ScCG dG
,zIRG{ be Y UUG HUCGh ,dG aM nnZh ,dG jHEG aCG jQ dTEG jJ dh H iCe Lh ,V VjQ M hP jdG
jj dGY c dG G jdG Od VsY K fCG j dG LdG GQ H ,anZ dG hU e .jPG e j TQ c ;GAdGh
f j CG j a ,c dG S Y d H AGN IOe e b jh ,je j cG !dGY NCG ,iNCG Ie e Hg d -
M zG{ a TQ YOh ,e AGOS IfCGh H Ld GQP EG j K ,dG IQH f Qh H QO Z dG G M U TQ f Yh
dG k cQJ ,N hO jW k f NGC h ,IO dG ZQ( j kGTQ L ,HBdGh dG Hj M Qhj gh ,LG AGQh e EG aGQh J e
,IdG Y CG j a AG eCG ;Jh AGOdG EG kGNCG dGY fGh )dG kFe j fCG fc .YdG QfGC jd e IQH G
EG K ,dGY EG FH zIRG{ QGOh ,bj NCGh fc dG AGG jdH TCG dG a ,dG NG b jhGR dfG g fnP V oJ dG
fSCH Td M jdG jNBG Lda ,cG .jL e M dG dG TCG jOeQ hJ .HG dG Y AGM eGC k VZ dG Oh IdG
dG NdG ch ,G bh , fG :cG bh j dG K dG L dG Sh k Y a e f iCGQh
.dG H gdG eGb b Sc ,gHG
QYG H NGoC GPEG ,kS gcCG hj c dG dGh
b H dG ,AdG fSCG ZQ ,HCG T
kJU SQCGh ,z dG{ SG dB H QdG
:d HW
HdG H j
HdG H j
G e LN
.HdG H
ICGeG cJ eY ,Se e YGH G Qh
a Y kGH f dGY Jh .kHb J jG e
YGE H b jRc jjj jdG UdG
kGQaGC Vd Z C G jf M fGh . SG
:KGM ej c gc e hj e Y gMSG
,bQ jGH M se e NCj GdG EG ...{
KCG d fEG .dG e LQ L L j H
e UGoC h HQCG cCj c cBG fEG .zdG{ h G
GQCG AGdG t J f Y VaG dh ,GdH dP
.cdG dG e gd fCa ,dG hM hMCG
jj J d J EG ...j O j AT
b d .dG jGe c ZQ dG g fG
eCS CH be dh .S FQ EG :dG
Y f MGC EG ... dG c k b NG
cCG OdG Q a C G H Jh , dGh N dG
EG gH Q fGC GQCG I dH MCG ch ...cC a
.z...kVfG cCG kie
:TQ Wbh
dG MG J g BG j e Ea fCG eCG -
.dW jCG fc
gh JU sH b RdG G c ;TQ Wbh
:NBG AT Y j
OGY MCG CG j d JGS MCG d -
GM C G S J d . H eR e Ge C G
eG Vh eY ,IMGh H JOh H fG m
c ...dG h G WGe fQ YG SCGQ
a GhcP FY aO e WCG HQC kHCG kSQ
.dG e kVQCG JM YQR e c ch .QGe CG
K ,eod kFH UCGh ,VQCG a ,H n Tho hn
Y H b j dh ;dG H qdG EG Y
dG G HG cPCGGC ?cPCG Y GPe .dh h VQCG
YJ dG iN C G HG cPCGGC ? gh g J
HG CG ?d NH jhJ j Fb WCG
fCH kGge ,fH e BG j dG dG
e a , MdG S ,cCG HG eGC ?Hf e
J h .fK LhR kGNCG JGh .FdG qoH
...dG GY gh Je CG hCG

19
2009 GjM 3 130OY
 e FG ,dG d J dG , dG EG kGHGC c dG n dG Ya ,cCH G YdG dG 9
Qf d iNCG GY H ,dG Gg M AdG LCG e GLJh ,OdG OYCG QfH j gHCG IjG f c I dG HV , q M SQe
EG ,QG N e e kGbGQ cCG AGS ,TQ Y j e EG gh , JQ Y CG c kGNCGh .G eGRH YR Sa ,SCGQ Y H zkGOde{
j c CG , dG d J IU aGf QGL LhR dh ...H CG J M J h ,iNGC eb Y H dCG Gg dh ,Od ebh , je
aS b TQ j ...G S hCG JGN b e fcCG AGS ,gOhCG e AdG KBG G .d QCj CG hO IjG
hdG HG g eO dG j c .c dW HEG jW NCj G CGH Mh ...fj hCG ,dG .j Ode c
,jH SMG e ,QGhdG Sh dh dG MdG iMEG HEG e hj e Y jhJ jJ fc ...dEG c dG eGRH fL EG c SQG fch
h ,Y J QGSCG fc .eCdG G dH Mh ,HG h IQG J J CG hO ,GQG .S U c j
j M c VQCG CG b j TQ j pc C , FMCG J K H k F f Q J CG hO Qe T ,jQe e c a .j Ode c
EG kGHCG j fCG c .IF dG G j CG dG gDJ S fj h ,QGWCG jZ fc jddG CG EG ,fc IdG NCG H ke TdG gh
,eG hCG HGdG eY gh Oe U d ,YCG Y e EG SQG J b eGRH j a Ghd abh kGOde NCG YCG .bQ Y H HV
,kGMh Y gOj c dG QGSCG aG ZQ AKCG J h .k M HGU CG a d ...jb .Lh G MH
eCG jM j gh ,k T d j CG hO e c CG d c QT TGh ...dG bJ HQCG aGWCG Y dG EG fc dG npoghn
.gG hO Ijd ec e c eCGh .f e NBG j CG jj c aQh fPCG e ,cCG Ode T ,HdH eCa
j a DhGM eCG .kT SCGQ a j j G{ gO ,IQH a j , H Y N B H keGMG dG IT e k VQCG LM a ,fQCc
AT dG ,f dG SG ch .dG Y MCG ZCG cCG zIH IOQh{ eCG !H eCG d zedG ch ,j f c dG c .f c d
Y FdG UUdG e bj ,FY eq j CG H EG Y j .k e MORG c eCG J dG S je eGRH OSGh .j Ode
cd ,gGG S H M ,TQ j ...dG a eGRH eCG .je e j dG c ...L .dH jG ca Hh fc
G dG jCH j c .hCG dW Y kT eO dh ,Lh h ,L ,K IH UCG GQh ,YGdG c ,eGRH Y HG ,jT NCG
c EG d hj G TQ c .a L hc k b j ,e Yh j c .kGc j :CGj
dG NBG zTdG{ j dG dG e c ej K ,VdG Gd gNOG b c dG edG e OGs ob Fb
Gj e gh a dGh ,ShOdG j c dG .HdG Oj jQ EG bj ,Jb H dG H .AbUCG jU
eDj ? KdG hdG gh ? j ...ddG e ...BG c JGP e J H dG f c :fc IdG MUh
gS dG dG jH CG dEG j c .H EG j .iNCG J IMGdG ... K hCG ... H V ...eG N ,Ode j fCGh !TQ j dG EG -
a Jh ,G dG S ,j GP S j c dh ,IQH L e j Y ...rpfGh
,M Qhj f j c .kc kGS dG Ve ,eGRH d Sj c dG FGdG Fa YH h .zdG{ f HZ GJ jcdG fc
H gOj dG fG f Y j CG hO W e kGb j dG c .dEG g jh IcGdG Ahg j c .JU j TQ j
;"IdG" M OJh G e Jb H eZ id SCGQ hCG Lh j fc ...Hdc NB SCc J dG fc .kde ,kGNS dG
GPEa ,J CG ThCG jb gf EG G J h h ,jdG HGH Y j dG ch .HV c ,e gdG NCJ e hCG f g c dG jQdG
gGG ,a g d ,jW j e O j g HG F dG RQ W Yh ,dG U j c .jdG M j CG j j dh
jdG Gd Qf dG T dh , ...TdG EG FdG fc j dG GQ K ...g N J dG hO aOG M CN j K ,j ;YH
m Ve Y j dG T ,AKdH jG G GOGdG NCGh .d jf dG gQT j .G Y kGH H eJ ,ge dH dd HCj CG
ddG Y ,dG hT Y ,WSCH e IQG ch .FdG d e j G H K n J MGdG Ha ,MJ dG MCG fc
c OOj gh ,kcGQ gf j GR e dG hCG .SH fj Mh eCH FdG J hjDj H ,dG e d adG JOe J ;NBG
ej fGh dH JcMh dG G jC H H WCG e Y f c aj c .keGbh kfd J ,eJ ,aJ fc
fEG Th Y IQ c , U e k T gh ,jLd edG b j NBG dG Oj K ,kb jd NB M e cGdG JQf
U jcH IOhe FJ c ,iNCG GhS ,CG Uh K .ghM Ghj d OGSG CG Y ,OQe n f ,e n f H j gh ,ICa
OG gOLH kGHCG J ,g J AT j dCa ,AdG H jW J gh J NCGh U Y ,eHG Y ,GdG Y Os j CG hO
.Ac hCG ,c ,Tjh j LGJh ,GQG fCH LG e c b Y kaJh YS OGOJ dG fc .fG cG
sJ fCH cj c SOdG hCG eG GM h YT H ,QdG UGj gh ,Th eGRH Cc ,dH k IdG oproj JUh ,T
dEG Ljh ,fj c dG e QG dG jG Jh ,jW g dG edG b CG ...f g c Q ,Y m ce EG MH Lj
HGq dG e kGAL dD j QGG c . dG I L e ...dG H a MJ gh HK .JU j TQ j ,f
Ud G d Mj CG Y c .IOhG de EG IOdG jJ J !f b e d j .b a ch ,e ibCG CG eGRd c
QGG dh .AdH j gh L aj K ,dEG ...jdh MCG L G Y Y CG N :VCGh ,kaGe SCGQ dGY qgh
IQG i j ,GdG j TQ c g c c ;UH CG Y LG e CG CGj ...G AKCG npob d -
j Gf j IQG dh , dY H ,jb e g fC H G j CG k jZ nQdG sC ch ;GLj e kdZ dG c -
CG h ,QdG Gj CG Sh j h ,dG h .NBG e c bGj hCG ,j AedH e ...G CG gMC npoc b Cc ...d lQnb
CG hO ,JMGQh cQ Y ,OGG AGQh Ghj ,OhCG Y S gCG SG , JGP A G j GP h .G G e He Y j fc
T fc ...dG e Yh ...H dG e GSCj ,QGG Y e b dh .G eCG HC a CG MCG Sh j .fG e eCG JC La
e j j ;dG eCG ih J IQ dG ghCG j fc ...dG Y Yh .dG g eY .G Y j
,d dG O bQ EGh , e dG W fG EG G G f j ;cG VQCG Y H Z e Q dG :dGY VYGh
SQG fc .kSb ,k j c ... dGh CG OGSG Y dh .dG dG hj J fc . G e Q dG G g Y J -
dh ;BG jG TQ g gh .QGG e kfM TCG ...Ua fOCG d S GPEG a NBG H e c Geg kUTCG YCG EG .AnbdG LG jW
d .QGG e HMQh kYJG bCG d hJ jG ...M
H ,Y j dG j .HCG EG ddG YV 10 :TQ cCGh
.Sb c jDhQ O X ,iNCG ATCG Y j CGH b RdG G c ,fG d hj e Y CG a d ;kM -
gh ,j ZeO ch ;Y e j M c ,kFOg SCGQ j cG ch ,dGY Y gh fc .d jYQ Ya ,jPNC e jdh CGQh
fd ch .IQ G LG e O dG Gg j aj fCH b SMEG kGTQ OhYh ,ke fj adG c dG( Ma CG G ALQCG J
H j TQ c dG G QaCG j CG aj ,dG e S N dP e HCG Qh ,VQCG e c c H ,Y d g Yh ,)eGRH
SCGQ Y J d FdG TCG a hJ M e a IG j c dG IdG ,YhdGh dG dh fG NG d .NBd FG Hj
.hdG nK TCGh ,IQ Gh , LG A eh ,G G Yh ,d YdGh jdG LJ Y j
WH Y JJ OJ e QaCG fc eY ,LQG ,GLJ CG j kGNCGh ,Qd SG OUG
11 EG dW e j CG b j j ...GG ch , dH d j j eGR H C
a h ,adG h ,dG QOj TQ j e WN H TCG ,IOM ,e ,V kof J fc eCG dh ... e k L cCG Y
YG QO j j .s G jGh A dG e e ,edG YdG GMG Mj G ,fG Y FdE SH e e d .Y
I e dG f c . UG MCGh , jQCGh , G dG a e AdG H INCG FG dG je EG dH eGRd Sh ,SH ga
j ,Q YCG c e k LQ j Y hCG I Y VCG YCG A NG Y ZJh ,kGHCG G e Y IQ S d k YQb d FGG
Y GhfG b ,NBG j e MGdG Oj ,U FdG ,Jaf eCG kGHCG KG dG YCG ,FdG QR d ...ih L hO dP ch ... SG

20
 .G EG AGZ e d d dG Y
eCG G ,PG zdG e{ BG UCG d
j TQ jDhd NS S dG c .W S
h ,H h ,d e jdG dhCH dGdG jH
e kG HCG QG dG c fG fCG , j g
dG Y e hCG dGY c d .jPG e
"G e" e JOd eG dG TQ e
.GdG qQ ,kMe , dG MCG AL j GPh
a cG d ;FGdG Jc A S Y fc
dG EG UGh ,dEG f b Gg dh ,dGY
c IdG J h .OH TQ a SG dG NBG
dGY c d .QOj h ,zNdG ch{ Rj TQ
OGYEG Y j jd kH a dG c .JQGOEH
iCGQh . gGQ dG SGh , dG Uh ,zGRG{
Y ,fG nW X nnM bh kGTQ dG
AdH GOJ UCG b IQG fc .Iq dG T
Nd ch ,c ddG Y GQG SCG
EG NdG M gMh ,G FdG TQh ,jRQdG
dH kjM G ,G jH WG adG
2009 GjM 3 130OY
,G e IQTEG Oj dG d .je Qe Y ,QGht dGh HdG MCG ,adG W
j h ,eG SGH FdG H dEG Ujh dG jh dG MCG ,G eCG Y G dG
.dG jdG c .dCG Y QN AT dP ,nnG FGQ Sh ,Qf d a j Ce ghJG
dG QOj dc j h ,Y Y j TQ j ,RQCG Q TCGh , G dG r Wn h , dGh
,d Ie X ,ddG e Ia H dEG gP dG b cJ dG YQdG UGdG Jh ,ddGh
{ j c H ,Y hO Je dG JdGh e .ihL H OdG Yn r nf GUh ,SQe
e Ggh . dG hj c c zG e gh .H eR e dG cG b TQ c
.dG j c c G bh e d H OY d .kGTQ VCG je e Lh Y g CG H .d kFQ j GPg
,eCG e dG fhO ZCG K ,Mh b QH Y kej e Qh .b QOj j .iNCG EG
2 EG a LJ dG eG dG EG e j h e c .sG G e HS ,adG J
...dGY ,IQG d H dG ShDhdG J Mj KGM
eY e GhDhSG d .Y SdG M TQ QKCG dEG j CG hO b jh , SG EG jh
zUdG IeR{ H H jh ,JSCG j hCGQ j IQG e b e , dG eCG Q fCG
QCdG S IN jCG j CG j dG g fc dG UdG dG AGUCH jPNCe ,QTCc
kfhe e a SG c dG ,G MGdG HC M j Vhq e Yc FHc IQGT SJ JT
L ,LdG J f ,JT dh ,dH n Kh ,O dG QG O dG Uh ,IQG On n dG
d QGe SQc OOj cP c .kjQSCG kH e J j TQ c dG jdG NGdG edG
j ...e kGQb bCG ae H dG e Ye f e Jj c H ,dG dc gh ,N
HCG U dG{ JdG Y dG gCG fCG TQ fP d hCG ,ncnP mU of fCc f IdG e iNCG
dP EG aVEH dh ,zIQe b H e H TQ c .Ib a HHc Jh ,dH
,QdGh dG fGh .NBG Jd kjU UCG ,jS YL e j dG Gg CG Qqj dW e
kWY j GQ K ,jhdG dG Je EG qfGh ,S fh ,Ie f g e f M
,WCG c ,c .nndG IeH b j fCG ZQ
dG j jdG SG IGog C H j
hj j kT ,dG Z NBG kT Nj Gfc
K ...G iQS Y J jH dh ,HGU
jhGR G dG La e ij CG jCG e d JCG
...QdG IMh ,adG
G Gg kGSCG UCG fCH d cCJ a BG eCG
Ne id JU j jdG ,QdGh ,ddc
d .G Gg QOj CG dH j j h ; dG
Mh ;G H ,HY e OY M dP d M
CH b GhOOQ H ,dG X GfBG SG
;G kjT j CG hO ,VG c Td
{ :j c .dP e cCdG dhj hCj e Gfch
dG eCG .z a O M O c ... g A T
cj TQ j h .eGZ b fEG :OOJ fa
.VG Gg EG j CG jj j h ,dP Y kT
fc c ,j ec c ,d nrdoCG TG ch
Y JJ YVCG fch ,QJh J dG JGf
Y c d c ,jJj dG dG G b
j CG ,j H kej kaL OGOj GQ dG ,L
dG dG Ld dG dG O ,dG g
.jCG e j fc
SOdG dG
1
IQH Y j dG J dG Y oM d
keY jY dH Y M ,zTQ jU{ jY
QhJ WGG g e fc .bdG TCG e
dK L g{ :dH Ghj CG hO dG gPCG
b dGh gMCG j CG . TQ Y H e
L Jj TQ AbUCG MCG GP g gh ?JOh
kG TQ E a , dK KOM VYG e GPEGh ...i NCG
.zc S
,b bdG dG H J fc e Gg
dG e c cCG f S j dG jG
iNCG je jCG dP YQJ CG hO ,ddG
TQ GMCG hj jdG jG S c .dG
,JOH OCG eY Mh .egG gj e NBG g
MCG j ,G e LhN id H GWMCG eY
21
hDhj Gfj a jdG Wb eCG .Y e a
Wh Ggh .IMGh d e cCG d ihCe gPJG Y
IjG G Gb a WCG ON dGh G
Y de dh ,WCG J e IM cCG g dG
jG g J ,ddG S e eh ,jQdG
FGdc WCG Jh ,jQdG L Y H d
MT G f ha GQG Y J dG G
e M Y gO j dG VG EG . e eGC
dG HYh ,b g jG Jg ...d S
dG jedG dhdG Y fS J fc
f MhQ ...fa We EG BG dM
VJ b ...FGdG jef S OGOS FGO
UQ c d c ,g LCG e HYh ,JS LCG e
j c e dP .ISN hJ U b VG
OGLCG f CG j ...G HC MdG ddG
dG dG e ,dG Me Y fj d eG
OdG jj dG IQdG ,zJQZZ{ Y eG
Sb EG , dG dG e ,JQ b H b G dh d
O MGC Y b J dG dG j e f , dG
,IQG e b fSa j dG jef ,ehdG
jdG hj Gfc jdG SQdG j c
HQd h ,jed G j ...QT Lh
d gcJ d .Sh eCH Wh jQP GYQj CG
hG c H ,jO e AG U Sh AGQY
...M h ,dCG H AYOCG WG dhCG ,Hj
e Gq fG jdG ehdG OMC FdG cGG YCG FG H ,AG OedG I dG L , NCG
QH S dG jG C ... dG YCG ,jG b dP c ,jdG jdG QTCGh ,ddGh
...dG W a ...L H kL Jjh aYh Y JdG GfG dP ,IdG jdG dP
hCG ,BLJ CG kGHCG dG bJ dG jG cH e MLQCc hJ adG fch ,IdG aM
...nroJ IQM Z G dG TGa Y dG
P ,IQOdG ehdG Le SCH ahG QdG
5 V kGQeCG EG j dGh ,kGHCG FdG idG
c Q .dj eh H j e H TQ j bJ RY T EG j dG dH TCG ,AH opnJ
!QaCG nHnR Y EG j c Q ?j cCG j ...e eY
d c ,IOQdG WdG dG aM Y L Y bh ee j j ...dG QOj TQ j
o dG M K .SCGQ a j kT b j CG h j c , dG G Lh , G jG e Y G
Hh ,VGh H ,AhH dG EG OYh zJRL{ aM Y h dGh ,R j f RQCG G Th
j H W
C H bCG { :I dG b Y e hCG dG ch dH j Ge c .IdG
dG WCG e dG Gg YCG d , ...ehdG b ,MdG fdG OY eCG dG j JdG
dG a j jQ EG bdG e G hd J j .fdGh dG e fN L QdG IM
bCG dh ...IdG Y YGOh IaM , a Oj K ,AH j dG NCG dG j TQ
,edG gQhL dG dG bdG V f C G YS ,kGHCG hj dG e b Y Oj gh
dG e dG VfCG ...QdG Y Jh adG dGh Q dG W dH dG
(3)
G kG HGC CG hO kG S f dGh , bh Y dG IdG a ,dG e c k jM eG
dG VG VfCG fEG ...jDhd SG dGh .G gf e b eCJ
.gQb MCG j
K khCG I dG ,G dG Y jG S d 3
dG K G zg{h zJS{ aY M dG
(2)
,KG EG YCG , je g : TQ eOh
aGQ OGM ,HCG OGG jGh AdG dCG dG SCGQ CG EG j j h( ,a dh dG jG
Sd j ,eCG c SdG jdG JM CG d GH e GPEa ...kb j CGh ,G UCG a
,adG Sh ,dG dG H cG Y bj
Jc j dG dG Gg Y k b jh
AGg j CG feEH c ,SJh kSDH FGdG
dG HCG L eeCG S dG dG RQCG GT
jG :TQ HJh ...)H UG dG bH b
...G c dG GMCG a ,g ,a dh dG
:JdG VYGh
EG kGH H LJ ?iNCG G Y GPeh -
...!AGQdG
dh dG jG ,Y JjY je g -
...a
.kGH zIRG{ JdG Sh
dG V Y ,dG a eM dG jGh -
j c dG RdG dG e ,dG g ,NBG
...M b dGh ,HG Y
?M b -
b Q S c .b e R b ,f -
j dG dh ;G HG , HG NG
e dG N H Ha ,k M HG fCG j
...bH
?kGPEG dK LCG -
Me e ,ZOCG Sh ,UY d -
dh ,RdG dG Y QdG dG WCG ... c
...c jQdG dG a ,IH j c YdG
...kT SCG h
?OGe Y GPeh -
4
c .b P e cCG K Y b TQ c
j K ,AdG OedH j gh zJRL{ j
,MGdG e Ia H dG EG OYh .JdG EG SCdG
H dCGh IOQdG adG aM Y L SCGh
...IdG b ,FOdG G dG V M
dWCG j d J CG OGQCG b f Q dG EG{
J NBG e CG QhJ CG gh ...gQGH
K , n r oJ je , d f dG jG
.iNCG J IMGdG jL e n r oJ K ,Gn r oJ
Y dP CG hO b EG e c Jh
gh ,G fCG ,SQa e d j ...c
g fCG e c J M jdG eYR YRJ
VfG ,dG VG ZQ ,gU EG OJ dG
c ,UdG j gH eCc jL e gJ H
dG jedG L e dc ,IcGdG Y Oj
22
CG hR CG j dG ,QCdG d dG e
dG dG c dG dG GP ddG ,Vhj
cCG CG H kYL Je dG ddG ,Q S b
K ,kGS dEG N dG kGOGe Ea( K dG gA TCG
eCG WN MCG S HG fc MCG dG NCG
ec hJh ;ec HCG ,dG M dG hCG
QMdG M d W hO Jg CG J a
G H ,TQ e dEG gOb dG Q S e H
e OY dG FdG NG N ,e EG jG
Ob dG ,I dG AG I b , ,) Mh TQ
,HY EG ,dG f HLh ,JU QN kGTQ
eY TQ dGh e ch ...a LhJ b fc dG
eY ed LhR UCG b fc ,fdG EG AL
T c ,adG ,AG Gg h ...CaG EG Uh
e dEG j H e Jc aH IdG Y k
hOh ,bH hO kGTQ EG dG Gg j .dG
,IRH CG EG kT j j fEG ...ICGeG
e H NCe bh fdG EG AL dG jG TQ
hO ,aLh ehdG T dG OGdG j c ,HCG
,IQG e H Z e ,IMG Jb dEG j CG
.bY fdG a N dG SdG IQe
L a J dG G dG H H
Q MC L dG fG H , e G j G
,kjM G dG GP adG S Hh ,ehdG
G IdG IHCG EG .j dG dG c
J GjM T j Y kej kgJ J dG
EG d fEG .H G Z ZQ , JC Wh H b OMCG ,dG f EG j e KK ch
adG QSG EG .fdGh dG IHCG
kGTQ GS jdG NG ,a NG Y Qe
H kej Hj hMGQh ,IQG fe QNG EG
G MGh ,G UCGh ,Q dG IM e j
dGh ,G jGh ,AdG a j dG
G Sh , j dG dG IMh , dG jG
dG QdG J ,SGdG IG S e adG
Y fCG QdG Sa( OdG fCG Y J
GhJG jdG SG jEG ,k j J jEG f
GSCG AH gR dG dG IdG a fe
jOj IMS EG e a Cj TQ c ;dG
dG j c ;Jb H eDd dG H j
eGH adG e iJ dG QG IT YCG e
YQR dG RQCG GT Y kGH ,AdG edG
j d H hCG dG SM T Y CG b fdG TQ HCG iZCG g . NG CG
I dG S Y J G GSCG fc
jQ kWN kGQhe ,bRCG kGHCG J CG hO
Yj CG j W UCG CG J gh ,QMh
FG M{ :f Hh H TQ gh .Y
,Y QJ AGOdG JQf J zL fCH J
.dG h M ,b IQOe eCG e d j h
,Sdc G H ,Lh YH GJ c
bH ,OhG dG QH ,aG H ,a M LdG Rj CG d Qb dG
H ,OedG e H GcJ dG JdG
e d EG GdG e j a ,M gh j
S fCH j j dG CaG M f EG f
h ,IMGh d e JM c fc dG eQCH a
j c dGh ,d kYGQ f f dG dH
kL GhRH d ;OGeh NCH h ,UdG Y
kGTQ dh .IMGh IL e J dG dC c
j ,Jd j c dG ,Gg Y G
OJ a ,kGH J jOMCG fc .AT Sj
eCG .Hh H HGQ c QJ M fd e J
SaG a ,OeQ EG GdG ,Lh eCGh ,b
e d ,RS d , ...z edG e Y T
JJ L CH WG Qhj JGdG AdG dhCG
H aY d .dG ,iNCG dh ...LCG e
M FJ IQH H a J K ;RdG dG
2009 GjM 3 130OY
a j dG ehdG f ,IdG IQGb dG eCj 6
Tj K ,dG W GOhe HSCG e cCG AG ,jG ebEG Y G hdG ,TQ fCG ,sYh
RdCG Jb Pc T ;e h ,IH hO dG M TCG AGQd J dG IQdG SCG CG
keDT Oe c dG MdG dG ,Tc VQCG iQCG CG sY ;Whh ,eO g dG AGQ dG , V
bH j dG CG c ;QdG ij CG b npob C (4)
FGG :hCG H dG SG J j e f
.IQG Y p Yo dG g L ch , dG ,dG dG fCGh ;e JQZZ cJ dG jef
J .b bH G aO H TQ CG Vhh e IjL ed ,jL e YCG CG s Y c
(5)
,HGdG LhdG fc a ,jCG h YdG M b CG qY c ;AGdG e jW Fb J dG JSCG
La c , H La dG , dH G Y MC ,Ie dCG NCG dG dhG f YCG
jH dP H eCG a dG kGTQ CG M ,eH ,J dG eS VC ,KQdG jf JY
,IdG eCG cJ jdG G Y kT j j keY Y CG e j Y fCGh ,dhG QhH JCGh
,Ld kLh IdG J dG OGdG fh LdG G Y AdG NC ,d dG M IQGG SC c
dG TQ !H dG sTCG e ...NBG eCG MGdG b DheO L hH e j ...e NCS dG
ehdG fh ,dG c Y J c b j jedG UY ,JS dhCG CG qY c ...GhCG
dG dG U dG cGH b j dG dG fCG ,QdG iQCG CG b U CG X MCG ,FGdG
pe ,WCG Y J gh ,H JOh a dCG YCG CG hj c dP eh ,j CG dP j
.G YJ gh ,dG f ,SCGQ CG kjQJ j dG bdG GW Y dY
d MdG EG aj dG QdG dG OGdG EG e VfCG ;IQG Ic CH TCG c .jEG
;dG OGdG EG ,dG dG EG fG ,kje kehQ EG c ...JS aCG c .KCG AH Y fG d
,zjOGc{ :OG NBG d kGQcJ SG Xh M G dG EG dGh e bCG kGOGLCG a iQCG
CG fSEG e GhOW jdG HQG j dG C gNCG IN c dH Q j , q eb
dG z dG OGdG{ ,z jOGc{ ; e j .d fG
8 dh , G AGQh f j f SEG Q G ?JdG J cCG -
jdG HQc ,IdG OQe ,IG g e ...fOCG jb ch ,kS dGh e cCG c -
f g FdG TQh ,TQ AHBG ,dfCG e GhOW je EG RdG jdG Wb oJ nj dP YCG cCG
KQdG a J fc dG CaG SN hZ e ICGG cG H Y h ... JZCG CG J iNCG
dG fdG HG - dfCG - ICGeH G cCG .HG fc d ... YJ dG dG
,LCG e H a Uj Y HQCG L eS fCG ,hDG dW S fCG kjCG YCG
fc HY f ...Gd e S dG
.KdG dEG MRCG CG qY c M iNCG WCG J
dG eO dG g CG fdG ICGG fc IH J kjCG g fc ...L Y nprHoCG hOc
kGjL e CG j jdG KdG QcdG FGZE H UTCG LhR d ;INCe Y aJ dG HCG Y
,kS KdG cCG ,NCG eCG .QMdG QeO H AdH d eMCG ZCG c .gNCG j b LQ e AHZ
j CG hO keY jY e cCG QfG H W a MCG fCGh ,C aG b dG G T Q f
jT J c cj CG hO ,HG J b CG f dG j e Qfc dG OLh
eO j dG jNBG jcdG MCG ,IQG jbh TG eBG j H JH dG dG c ...QL
,ae ,jdG Gg ... TQ EG j G G e e c YPCG c , f .k jJ
gj j dGh ,bH hO b j j dG J ,e Y IMdG J g bh ,bG
, CG gc a N dG dG M CG b Y ...e ihL UH keCG fc .YV eY EG
,ddG ,NBG jd dH j fCH Gj gh cCG c ,Q dG Ad VdG Y ibCG cCG
e G je fdG e S dG ,MCG S bGTEG a fC , Y Q dG SCG
bh ,SG ec j dG ,HGdG TdG ,dG b ...oG dL c dP c ...cc r n Z ...QdG
H QhH Q S g gh , ec hJ fc ...JSCe TYh ,gDhH jRGoC eS fc
kb YCG .Lhe kICGeG ...eO o S b gGQ
.)IUG CG b a Q S M ZG g ?j ch aG KJ Ggh ...ga EG e bG
?gWN a fdG Vh dG IQG j ...dhCG OGe
KG CG ...dG e dG Q S CG TQ HCGCG e NCG bh ,Sc Y fJh ,JdG fGh
?IQG IG d YCG - iJ - Gg W CG H M L d .n n U dh .QGhn t dG
.HCG Jb IM U dP TQ j CG LCG e :GDdG
j dh ,f g Qj CG hO Q S eh ?Hh -
dG ICGG , J M CG EG ke kGTQ eHEG j dG OY Jh ;TQ j h
!IQG G dG jV g J ,KQdG a e HS j ifG K ,jdG M j gh
:NdG
H dCG b fdG eCG fc d c ...JHCG H !OG H NCJ ... -
hCG ,Ic MCG H ,N hO eh ,f ...I dG e H Z c J dG dh
GeJ eY HQCG QcP H QJ CG J fCG gh ,j j SCGQh p r oj c ... f a dG
H M VJ CG J fCG hCG ,e e dEG d c ,Og H TQ HJh ...SGdG JH
GH Y Mh ,g N j dG jNCG KG ,H eCG e he AH f jo CG jj fCG
IgdG ,bSG dG IgdG e ;G :bj kGMCG s dh
CT g dP ...bOCGh gQhL YCG M Og dG j OG e j . L J j kGOG e EG -
,kGQOg kT fG M Jb fN dG ehdG .RS
j ch ;G Z NBG i UG La
OGdG jW Y dG YafG fN dG ehdG 7
jG ehdG ,fSEG OG dG QcJ , dG dNO e MG d f pjo JdG c
HCG ofG Gg ,G VM eh ,Qb e QdG WdG Q dG e O Y c . j dh ,G
...QG N L e SY IQe b dG TQ G , TQ T EG s e gh , j NdGh
hJ dG Q S FHbCG fOCGh ,ae YfG Y gh ,zIRG{ Q j dG ,G
G dG , d dh Mh ,kGS G TQ c .Qq Jh b J AG jQh ,adG
23
H H G Jb e O b j CG H
j h ,dG EG tb ADg QcdG L j
QfG EG e j ,IdG TJh ,edG e eY e
fCGh cdG OG SG CG e , dG CGG eb
j EG e ...dh .dG fG M ke dd
jL ,MdG AO YdG ? bj M dG
,NCG KdG dG W ge ,hCG dG e
Yh ,QdG d Aj c Ie T c gDheO J
.- FdG G e SCj ,kGHCG gL ,kGHCG lrpH AjdG
e eh ,NBG e c J j ICGGh LdG
FdG IeR FMCG Y kGH QC H ,ggL
AGY N Jh ,KfCGh IQcdG dG
d LGhRCG ,KfEGh ,gQcP :KQc d a
.cdG f Y LdG hCG AdG e ,IMGh
GY e kaN IdG Y J be jQP
,j HCGh , j ShCG g b i NCG
cJ G dG EG .dG NG eC d
b d ,FGG EG ,A NCG EG C J fEG ; j dG
e jdG bJh ,fG OGYCG Y j dG
J K ,eeCG LGS e aO JGReG gY
jW Y EG k T e J h , SGM c
QJh ,JGY J dG jOdG jQdG ZQ ,aOG
.FNCH gOhCG HJ LPdG CG C ,gN Y
e ,IG GQhCG e J CG J fFe EG
CG Y j gOY EG .dG bW a J CG
HCG gQKBG S J K ,IOdG b H J
gMh g ADg .j H kej kGQOf gOLh j
LG ,IcGP hO eh O T hO e ,d S
,dG Veh ,SCGh ,FdGh ,CG G g
S e J M ,GdG c J ,HGh
dG bh ;fCGh ,TQh ,h ,OGe Gg ;G
d .fd J CG aJ dG b ,dG H M
.HGQ g HdG GhR EG ;H a kFGO hGf c
dG f EG .hCG fL f e HGdG fCGe fEG
,H f dG dG e EG M IQH j
oJ CG f Y NCG dG dG s L e dH
H QNG Y dP J fEG .dEG j e c
G d ,d H jJ dG - dG AHCG
M ,eCG hO eh ,YH IG Y e dG
GhR V Y G dGh ,h dG Q X G N H Qe c Z dG
gQhL kGNCG S dG WdG IT fEG
HRCG W H kGNCG a dG HdG ,dG
c KGQh afG CH Qj e ...IG J IG fGh
Lho eY , Y kGH f bh b fCG j OGe
fEG !G dG GH b CG a ,iNCG ICGeG eCG
,V J dG adG dG EG kL f
gc Y gh ,hdG N Y MH MJh
gh GhHoCG jdG G Fc ,Gh G
...hNBG gH H d ,jdG j
b c Q ;dG L JQG a OGe eCG
dG dG CG dG Yh M YS T
S dG g d Ib G EG a aO
jL e IdG Ohj CG Y C H k gL , dEG
QOCG Q ,gReQ j CG VG j AS
dG icP dEG OJ Mh ,g e GM
...D dG O J j c e Z IQ H I SG
,ISBG dG ,ISBG ICGGh ,ISG dG icP
e d J e c idG d J dG ,adG ICGG
h ,ZQdG LLdc ,fQh ,Hd ,dG
,a d dh ,J CG J fC Hd
BG J ,Ia e LhJ dG ,ISBG dG J
CG hO ,dG Y TJ gh ,G dY ,dY
eCG Y ,A UhCG TCG e EG S CG J J ,QcdG e kL QKCGh ,dG Lh EG bh
dG jdG gdG VG ,eCG S h ,dGh
...j H kej kaL OGOJ ceCG gS a YQR
b QhJ dG f dG G J b ) H RS d( CH YCG CG hO HY
.ihL ,qodGh dG SG gGMEG ,d dG jaCG .zHG fc
Q ,dG kjEG TCG c Q kSEG iNCGh QjdG f ,I dG MQ c fCG U
g ...f JS e bCG c Q ...kfH c JQG CG H ,ke Of CG Y c dh ...SG
,j GP dG M jHdG FdG iMEG H dP ,kGL kV kb EG e j dG dH
bJh ,jQJ aj hNBG GbCG dP gbh EG Of CG Y c .kb EG dG dG
...jQfG K , eh dG h b M ... F dG Nj CG bh ,jW eH NG b H Y
,ot dG jQh dG jQ ... jG ch EG jL e SCG dG fdG G Jh ,dG
,HY ;LWb e He Y ,AGdG eg Y CG H ,iNCG Ie jCGQ ,HY ,gh ...dG
EG d j h JGhK e J dG G .gHCG YCG dG NG KEG gaC HY jZCG
gj ,WdG W Y eG dG HY ...QedH d g , FGZGE e S H EG gQCG , f
Je ,edG SGZ OhM Y ,GGh oG IQH MCG c dG , b HG , G
e FGG j h d d( ,dG .SGh L iNCG EG je e jjZ
,SGdG LLdG GHCG GP ,fe g Y KG
IHdG QdG N dG HdGh ,dG GMh 9
AGHG JG dG ,HY ,)ILCG GQS FHR d dG s j J CG dEG j dG AT d
e AGHG ,G G WGT e AGHG ,dG e Y ;f dG Z ,jdG dWCG ,MCG
dG e ,QBG MS EG ODG YdG bdG je c dG CG XCG eh .LWb e He
j dG YdG G S M G e ,cdG d .Gh YhdG T je ...fK
CG z Z H{ LQ SG dG ZOCGh , G ,J JeCG eSh ,J LWb JgT
CG d e gN dh ...jG Y e Ghj S dG Y a sO SG ,G j M e d
OG j ...CaG EG J HLh JSCG ,dG a a dG HYh b H ,b
OHG Y Gh j ... jG IQO e h G h mfh iNCG je LCG e ehdG Iq H V fC
JdG c ...YJG Lh bdG Y h ,Y CG gMh J fc dG IOQdG dGdG KEG ,NBG
BG Gd fEG ...NBG EG MGh e zIRG{ Q ,JOh Y dG CG e ,RQCG X e YJ
j dG G dG bdG EG GLN d ...dG ,adG e gGQCG CG Mh SCG dG IQ G
Ne e j AhCG g gh ...edG MS f ...IG iQdG AGQh ,g KL
FH h ...cdG d fM LGh eCG jNBG WCG EG ,dG dGh e zJS{ WCG QOZh
IQY HfCG c( cG eL gh IRH cdG a b z g{ fc EG ... j GP eh .z g{
.KQdG UGj gh H TQ GH ,dG e OY Y EG J JSh ,paoO b LWb fc EGh ,g
e J Lh Yh Ah H j c ) j M ,gOJ jG EG ...?gDh H jRCG b h , HQ
j Gf c j dG Q dG eCG ,IG j dG g g !dG YS EG kje kFOg j dGh
fCH jeY hgjh ,MdG W Y AadG g P g gh ! J FdG LWb P
...kT Mj jH g g ...AdGh VQCG H QJ JSh !J
j gh TQ db ...AG Gd dP j - VQCG fEG ...dG hZ e O J dG VG
dG e hCG ,dG e dN d EG d fEG ...fe e !G
b C hCG SCG EG UdG SCG ...RdG
...GeCG e c ...GeCG e H JQG 10
,b EG HY eh ,HY EG b e
11 a ,IOLe J fCG d c hJ fEG ...ICGeG aJ
zHJ{ e Gce hCG ,Qb eEG cGQ gh EG dG Y J OJ
S gh CG faj e Y dG e H d .HY
...HGdG fc dG IdG J , W gh H MCG dG kT ,kfM kjN kYT EG J .GHdG H e
dG gGdG id edGh IdG Yf a J ,OGdH P g g .KQdG Y j kGOQe
J ,dG YhdG J :M gRCG gh kfHb eb e fC ,hj e Y SQM g ,R aGj
ICGeG jCG CG dH j dG AG G SCG hJ b c GPEG EG ,JM q b dG RdG dG S
EG . jGQOh JQ e eG SG J ,QMdG AdG Y gb CG H , V HG
dG e L b LhR PJh ,Wa e fEG .AdG N eCG ,Qf d QG Y Vh
e gZh , dG e H k S e k YVe HY e ,OGdH e ,SGM kfMCG aJ
bMCGh ,gaNRh ,gU K ,fdG Fhe .HY EG b eh ,b EG
e N fOCG gQhj CG hO ,QdG eb Y eGQCG ,GSBG AdG dG c J e g
UJ bh ...Me M fc .gOaEG d G ... SG p oa JG dG GhRCG Gj dG
dh ;jW e dG MGREG EG ka kT gHe HQG CG c ,YeO MCG QJ fEG ...HG
Z h ,Y Z k f e dG jG g ,Lhd O J Q dG cGH EG : c eO G j
.jW FGdG TCG e kFY fG ,fGhCG ,e c V a IC a j JG dG eGQC d
GPEa ,kJ LhR ch ,kY dH eCG fc EG Ahg dG dj JGdG aG eGQCG
,AGQdG eCG jLS Gj dG ICGGh ,tG C ,jL f e kGHCG SCdG dEG j a ,X
JOH dG EG Gj CG j g GPEGh EG d dG Ggh ...Qd J FdG VQCG
Je UJ d .jG AHbCG IOY edG WdG Gg EG ...dGh dG hY fEG ...kGYh jM
SCGh ,f g Jsnb CG EG IMdG qob dG CG e cCG Gfc ...AHBG a OJ d ...H dj
eCG IdG EG ,dG EG SCG dL eCJ ,eCdG EG a OJ d ...QdG Vh dd UdG d Gcj
,edG gAGgCG EG J h ,dG SGsM gG ,G ,LhG ,fdG ,MdG hdG
C Y c ,idG MCGh d M EGh ...WCG H MdG Y
hCG id iQGJ K ,dG GUCH dM e AdG G c e GPEGh ... r n o f b JS fc GPEG j GPeh
,Nn Uh , Y V ...IQGG TCG e T ,dUCG NG M WdG G H YJ b QGh
,nrj T HP ,UdG HdG Gg cGh
Y kGH ,dG j M Rj CG j c ICGeG H SGG c IbGdG ,IcGdG J dG IQdG
EG gQK LdG j dG OddG QhO dG J .jG dGh dG dG
24
R dG QGG ,O gGh ;I gR EG a VE H
,gW Yj dG dG MdG HG LCG e H
CG jCGQ e ch ...S H fM d HG dGh
ddG J CG YSG fG EG fG e GPEG ICGG
k VQ Gj e NCG ch .G dG IO L EG
dG IdG dG NCG Jh ...edG eh
H Y LhdG aZ jhGR ke d kGjS fc
dH Jb VdG TOh bGh TGdG e he
Mh ,G dGh ,OedG FGhQh ,dG g
Mh kMhe f j e kdZ NCG c .ICGG
.bdG SGh hN L Y
AdG c ;dG f Lj dG GQh
Se Z GQL HQCG e dCj H G FdG
,IMdGh ,dGh ,G Y dCJh .c Sh
j dG MdG VdG c .X Y kjW ca
eCG a J JQG jT kbhU dG kGHCG dEG
j RdG e j GP NCG iCGQh .eCG
kbW HGh ,MG ha ,hdG a kdY
Y J IgR eCG fc dG KdG Mh ,Ad Ic
kjb IdG J f a ,e c H qJ CG
Y o SG hG L e Yh .k e
a dSG j gW c dG dG ZCH
YG e GPEG GG fc .a e NCd j
R jh ,HQCG Y M a , S e H G CG ,IgR Lhd MCG S g Y eY qeh
d , SCGQh ,dG e J dG IQdG
,eeCG jdG d Jh ,NdH jG d jCG H j
jdG jdG hjh ,YVQEG Y IgR jh
c ...YGQP H O jh !IMGh Ie j
,dG c JQG H ,iNCG EG je e GdH
dCG CG N ,Ae CG QOCG ,K .bYoCG CG hO
g GPEa ,HBG QT MR LQ IQS Y IM
...dG f LCG H GPEGh ,sEG j
e Q dG fC a ?kGPEG{ ... JQ VEG G a d CG hO aJ aqjh ,H a bGdG HGhQ
.dG eCG SY ... edG O ...fCTh G O ,Ggh z?jG
...dj c e dG JCG ...HdG f J
:QdG g eeCG h ... dG j J dG c
ef fJ dG adG .nnG .dG .fdG
j TQ c ...OQ dG dG . dG G dG J fCGh ,kGL jg dG CG .dG
IFc ,m Y e j gh ,dG IdG a ,zIRG{
,bGdGh UCG H IOQe ,SM ,e ,Fg
MG dh ,d QCK dG dGh ,jdG CG H
HdG dG
c ; eeCG J I L Ua GPEGh ,NCGh OGe
S MGV e c QGe MGdG Hj jdG AYdG b e MH cGG
,IgR HCG e bGH Jj CG h dG AJh
,jNGC H K j ,dG
JfN hj gh ,J dEG h j Gfc
M ,GMCG e hCG ,G e gcCG c .dG
,gG dG QfEGh ,k FGO h dG j
KCJ CG hO LCG e H hgj Gfc dG ,QhG
.e QJ
j QCK e d ch ...G e gcCG c
...L OCH NB G j CG OOj dh ,a
c e ,H UG H c
hjh ,J fhj gh ,e dH Ha
HCG JJ GJ e fc .g a Y G g fCG
EG aj c fG fCG e kGc dh ,G
.Y gQ H Y Yf JGdG HQG hCG dG WdG e ,dG
hCG XG H e H jdG e qj h ,G
f ch . HQhCG f c JG dG Q dG
g ,IadG e dH dEG j dG JaQ
CG Zj h ,GR AdG j qj JGdG
ojh f e ;NBG dG fCG V j
Y J a CG d c cS Y dG
a QXEG EG dP AGQh e j dh M ,eCdG
G GOdH fb ,gQhN b JGdG
dH dG H ,ddGh d
1 ,G eCG ...jG A HCG T a j dG
eGO e ,o dG b j CG d a .F dGh
dG M ,dG M , dG G
.SGgCG GfBG EG GhCh ,adG Y GfG jdG hdGh ,NBG J
, e L dG Q j M M dG G g
j M gh FXdGh ,IQ dG Y d j , jh
,H a EG LhGj h ,j H eG
e , J Hh , F HCG Y ISCG c a a
dG MCG c T H GhdG Hb ,H dH
e M , MGh nb dG e oJ f c
ADg MGC ,OGL C G MC IKG d dG hCG SCG
GdG J N ab Y GhHG jdG ddG
J fc dGh ;dG aGG Y dG
T h ; SBG e K , ShCG dG e
ICGG IOh CGQ dG ,HQdG dG VQCG ,jaCG
b dW( ... ,cg ... ...ISBG dG
...)hDG
12
.SG eCG S -
:TQ Wbh
.TEG -
.jU fEG J -
.OQdG dG e aCG AT -
?d c d GPe -
;dG SCGdG a ,eCG EG kb TQ fGh
HJh ,G dG b J dG jQ fc
c .OLe Z J dG c d c , j CG hO
h i d H g ... UCG UCG b dG
ch ...Is dG MCG fG O c ...jH
dG Uq dG Vh ,H Y ec UGj TQ
j h .G e Fne Z QL eCG aj
dj c Sc Y oj c JdG CG dG
.W EG j a ,gj Gh HGdG e AH
ICGeG HCG ,e Z ,n n b d .keL OGe Jj ...{
hX g fch ...SdG d dP c .j
iNCG SCG EG ...QeCG S NGh ,Heh
dP c Y EG . G gc S dG SCG Z
Y Ieg BG bJ fa ICGeG I e J
H ,bY H QNG J ICGeG ,ZCG
...bdG kGeCG AHbCG H G GhdG UCG
N S d : b dEG . J ? jCG
b NCG CG hO , j G e k HQ g G S
cCG .q Y dG n r oj dP eh . dG

25
2009 GjM 3 130OY
fGh dP O b .zG d Qh e d{
,dG Je d ,IH Hj H NCG Y
F dG g EG ... dGh G dG e Q G fh
.fGh ZCG e , dG e c EG d dq M dG ,dG GP ,IdG ICa d Q TCG
IH QG kjM joTG Y U QKCG d GPh
a ,dG e HGL d d H e eY
, dG O ch , Y H a H Q G
f VM EG G M Y NCG IgR Ya
Y kGO aO U IO dG j W h ... S H
.O a j Ie hCG fEG .NCG j
d .dG e d HS e NCG JGh
Y ,NBG kYGQ J Y H dP H JQG
d .Y c SDhhQ KK J fc ...IT fc
e c NBG YGdGh NCG ,S ebEG Y JG
a ,H Y INCG Sh .JY X Y
...AGL HQCG IG g M c ; e M Wj dG c .BG HG jj dG ddG fM
Y aG Ha O IeG NCG Ojh
jdG fEG .kU ,kjY ,kS dG jW c
Oe T d ;HdG QKBH k Gj e ,ehdG
Ia jdG j fEG .c J QG dh ,jdG
Gg npdCG b fCG hj .Aj c Jh J ILh
H h ,dG NCG d Nj Gdh jdG
,e GH ,AH QG jh ;dG NCG
Z j CG d Quob mY RGYG ,RGYH kGge
;dG b ,Og , L RG YG hCG ,HCG
dWh ,FdG d jL eG T J NCjh
dSGh ,dG NQCG NCG ZCG e GPEa .cGdG
,d J b dG IMdG QG IH IedG Y
a NCG NCG eCG .cGdG Vh , fG I a
,aCG IQH JQ QOCG dh ;dP e kT Qj
...dG N ,kfg h ,dH eCGh
OGOJ JHV fc .k K NCG NCG j
cCG e IQ j c Q G dh ,I T
.jG FdG e Y aj NCG c
g j h .G ddG Y fPCG QG q UCGh
...dG ndG j CG j AT
j fEG ;dG nn G nn Z j AT
EG eeCG dh ,bdG h LdG h ,dG
EG G jdG ,ehdG jdG g ,MGh jW
,adC G Y C d oN d ?QG o Soj c
.OG fL kee Y Y Hj gh ,dP OYGh
gdG c OLh gj H ,Fd O j fEG
dG IfCG ,JfCG dEG jh ,j dG AS e AH
.G e V QG e ddG EG
bQh H dh ,IdH cGdG j GPg
fCG Y dG NCG NCG a
EG fh ,dH eCa ;dG GG f d
bTQ EG .NBG U e fEG ...J gh iG
.Me e cCG EG fEG a q
hCG ,jM cG a YGQ Y Z e GPEa
HT of dG dG ,Gg FdG H kGQT QKCG
,K J dP eh !d IcdG VQCd j ...kL
CG Y IQOb G dG J EG ... YCG kGL
j ;G j G dh IadG H Ye .kS e cCG g e Y j fCc j NCG
...!G jd ...dG MCG kGNCG oJh
hL jh ;d cT j NCG OYh O dG e dG j Q dG HG JCG c
.jG
...a EG O .kH H j jdG G WCG dhCG
OhM Y ,G e e aZ O j .NBG CG j CG e c hj
H G fGh ,ju Sh ,epOoQ ,rn S VQCG EG YQe e j NCG c ,edG e Yh
,UGh EG NBG dG h ,jM EG FGLCG ,j N Ic bCG e O jh ,o a ,YQe
dG Q MC H fCG K . d VQh EG kGNCGh Ohs jh ,hH j , S c id L ojh
:jdG ,dEG fG j O CGHh ,dK aZ IdG ,kGS GQ K ,HU a jJ Ic H
?G jCG -
r n oJ jdG LhRh gd jNCG adG n d GHY e IHY jCG J J , M dG EG O jh
.e - dG jhGdG J ,dG e IMGh jhGR EG gd Gd AhdG e kT j CG j K ...QdG
?c - ,O h .NCd aZ G S Jj gh GLe e Vj e Ich ,HdG
.QG aQ - e kHh kGQM jdG ch G EG aVEH .QRCG dG e kb
?fCG eCG fCG ?QM CG - IMGh IYh ,f Kh ,dGSG j idG HODJ IeBG ,CG CGH ,dG dP eh ...oa K
.NCG IOb IOe SC gQU dLdG HYdH j gW S c ; H
a d ...a ,fdG hCG ,dG O c ,OdG e kb dG j c .WGY Q XE
.jdG bCG jQdG jg fCGh ;OhCG e kGc O c .SdG e C e Y N d jh
VQCG CG hj dh ,kGQg S DhHBG c NCG j c .HEG f e d dG CG j
UY d .OG OhCG GbCG HGP b OGLCG d IgR J h ;AedG ae id G EG
eG dh ,VGQCG VCGh ,jdG SC J O GW ,UEG ke hj NCG c .dP e cCH
j e TCG c AdG AL e GPEa .dG YCG Ab
iS fhH dG j h ;Gh dG fhH dG G ,dG CG H ke f ij CG HYCG
.dG e AL c MCG j dG G jdG FS keCG jdG VdGh eCG dG fc .kFGO edG
.fa .WaCG FGdG H TY kHGh
jdG c EG SGgCG e NCG f eYh NCG GQh ... SGh G dG QhO A Lh
d ,fG H EG jW dH HCG c Gj e PH gGc ,GdG HQCG aGWCG Qj
gh kf gTj fhH dG c SGdCG dZ h ,H dH I G G j ,QdG HCG
;YGQP H J CG TJ fEG{ :kFb gW aj a , dG I T k b k WS kGe hdG
IS gh ;MCG d dh eQCG IdG ;dP d cDhCG kGMh ,dG Y e gh ,G NCG
.zeM Xe e kFGO GJ CG SdG gQCG dG adG jh ,QG Q TCG
IOL RHCG j jOhCG dG jJ dG G c c j CG e UCG c dh ;dG C H
ec e jDhd GRj jhdG ch ;S AdG If j c ...j V e e cC j
ch ...S S cCG ,cd HY kHjEGh kHgP e UCG hJ gh ,J iG fc ...H G
,J e MdG g e j fhH dG dG NCjh ...QG GT GbCG Y ,NCG
,jdG e QGLh ,jZCG e RQ H gW a dGh dG J jQY ebh ,HK Y
AVQE J ,iNCG K ATCGh ,QdG e OYh a iJ c dG e H e Yh .AGdG Y
KCG e GPEG fhH dG ASDhQ IQKEG Yh ,ddG ;k M G U fEG ... fCG f b G U
a d HY HH HY H b Ve GZ YCH jh ,dH sjj dP e dh
kGgW CG f h ;jYeh jdG Fd EG e ,JGY IOQ EG d NCG j h ...ISBG
...HdG fhH dG bjh ,jdG IQO kH j c j gh ,fS dG G YGd f j Cc
jR jG EG gj K eh ;IG b jT Nj dG L fUQ Y J fUH QeCG EG
e S M jW gW jh .he Z kjW X Vhq e Mc ,INS MH kM
eCG j CG F dG j h ,IQ dG GO K ,LdGh GG EG j dG c .OG QM
,e d Jh ,dSG EG QOa ,SGdG , dG ceCG Y k H ,G k e a j
3 aV U M d cQJ ,jNCG Af YJh AGG dG Y dG e aO Jh ,WdG
.dG e GM ;HZ Sh j K ,Y j NCG a
fhH dG Mj dG dG GQjdG J fc ha ,YdG gDhGgh ,dG X ja
Y kFZ LhR Igd J bh e j j ...MGdG e kb Gh GG NCd kb
...G EG ,MGdG EG ,dG Rh J J .Ie c , dG j , Y dG ...NBG Y e JCj Cc Y f EG e
H dEG SJ fc ;dG LGhR jN jdG M QTCG AGQh e j MdG Oj eh
e ,SdG c H ,d gW j h ,ihL ;HdG e jH YH Jh ,HK IgR
fH b e fG dG LLdG J GNEG A AYh e FGQ ATCG LGhR hU Jh
.AG M JJ G LhdG fc dG GdCG P ,dG LdG e Y EG ,fdG H
.G HdG HUEG N ,L b e NCG O aCG d e a NJ Ie EG ,QRCGh UCG H bdG
kbh ,kHh ,GKCG KK OaCG :jdG dH Oj NCG j .GgCG H J dG GOdG
kMOQ dG eCH SG fG dP EG VCG .OYCd ,LdG e kGa QOjh ;dG YS EG dG EG
e b Y kjCG Mh ;QM X Y edG e OGLCG aGe f ,jd cG jdG j dh
.dG Ae jh ZCG e Yh , YG L e Nh , dG g FY J GPEG dG j GPeh ...G Z
dG EG NCG NCG jh .dG jdG c EG G b jd g gh ,g b dG
jdG fc ,f M ,HQ dG J j ...!Gh IG H ,jdG Y kGH ,jd
j M ,dG L fGL Y dG J a
g gh ...Ie Z MdG NCG Z d .YdG 2
Gh ,VQCG e jb ,e dG hJ dG EG ed H H NCG IgR OhJh
j Og aW ...iNC YS e LdG j j jG ddG ,PSCG{ :WdG SQG je
,cdH NCG jh ...G jdG Q TCG GWCG e j Q Jh ;k VQCG jG jh zIG
K Y e IMGh a ,G d dG OJh eCG Ajh hj GP g gh .G M HUCG
...YGdG f e GPEG ISCe J :QG X Y M EG J IH eN jh kGMh Oj f Lh PEG ,kVZ dG
26
 .H NCG Hjh ...zHdG fEG{ d ...dG S fCG e j Y NCG
.cCG UGj QG dh Y ,dP J C ch ,I N Q G jh SdG gSh ,kMU ddG e SG
.NCG Ljh ...G ...eW QfG MdG eCG dH gj K ,TG
.jdG Y kje QG jh ...dG dG CG jh EG Ojh ,jOJ GUCG j K ...cCS kGNCGh
.Y jh ...TGdG jW G jh S ...AG adG S ...dG hH dG
.NCG a kGU k H k dG e O O jh hH dh j CG j ...dG Gg MG CG jdG
.QG jh .k AKCG NCG f e GPEa ...jG e AT Jj CG
:O jh ,G NCG EG IKDe ,ae H Ljh nbj GO eh ...UdG Y V gH hCG IdG
?QG nr oj GP - :dG Y bGdG ,SGYCG a , dG a GW d dG YdG
.dG cCG d - ...MCG j ...ceCG GeG - dP e Sh ,Te Oj gh kFGO j a
?bdG FG jCG - .hdH O jh ...e GM
...c M Y n bCG - .H fCG d c ,dG f dG jh ...
nndH JCJ CG Y c .bdG irG cCS - .QGG YCG O eY Jh ...MCG de j
.j c cCj QG Jh ,c .QGdG kje jh .IdGh MdG K NCG ajh
.d dG noj - .ke dG NCG NCGh O jh .j QG GP g
.FG H QME gPEG - .MGh AfEG dGh QG cCjh .edH NCGh
n paYo dG QG k NCG jh
e :eCG O Qjh .S dG CGh
.jL !H MCG cj - .jL e MCG EG NCG Ojh
.QGL jH e He Y FG fc :NCG eCjh .jW Ia dG QG jh
.G Y dG fch !QM MCG cj - .dG H cCjh ,NCG Y NCG jh
.S K GPEGh .OG Se fEG ...j QG
.QGdG e j .dG b O j ...aCG dG Jh
.kT j CG QG C j h .YCG NCG jh ...kb fe QG jh
.NCG jh .jdG QG a ...eMCG NCG Hjh
.QMCG Mj CG jj
.dG jh
.o j gh ,k HQg QG jh
.aCG Y H NCG jh
:O jh
?dG jCG -
,QhH NCG jh ;AT c ipG cCG d
.NdG cdG HG uj ,dG S Y jh
(6)

.GdG Q ch jZ PSCG EG
.GQf IdG Y dG j ch fEG
:f cdG HG jh
zCG NCd d{
:NCG jh
.zb kGQM cdG HG cj {
.IQS e hjh
:ke eh NCG jh
.zG GHCG e dG EG{
...bj K
.j CG Tj dG C
4
IdG e edG dG Sc jZ PSCG hJh
HQ d ...S MdG G P dG MU ,GQf
c c ,dH M a ,eg iYO AHQCG Gg
ce d MCG dh .dP kGjDe N S OOj
,GQf I d Qh H e b , H kGA k c
:d kSCc J gh OOJ fa
!jZ PSCG U -
:gAGQh FHdG bL OOJh
!jZ PSCG j -
:cdG GQP Y j gh ,gW dG jh
.HM Y SCc hH aJ g ,kGY -
.ej dG ,IQe -
d !BG ,PSCG jCG ,H eCG e jdG d cCG EG -
!JQ kL c
dCG ...HG d .fOhCG S Y fq b e EG -
?dc
:dG LCGh
. NBGh ,Lhd gMCG ...HG -
:IG Y cdG C JGh
.j W Lhd c !PSCG jCG !dG e -
.LhJ eY ,Vj ch
?dP G CGQ eh -
.NCG S dG gh .kGc j HCG EG -

27
2009 GjM 3 130OY
 !T - .17 dG ,e - d NOE H J dG MCG EG ? MG dG j JCG -
.kLQ d - !jNBG SG YCG d ...BG ...SQG
!dG EG - .dG EG - SQG EG SQCG d .L e eCG Hj YO -
.IG MdH J LLdG MGQh CGb d .s J fEG .M c Y JcP d !WY IQH .kYGQ GQCG H GPEGh ,WdG
.hdG Sh eh NCG bh e dh ...Ie JAGb ...gGbCG EG !S jH ?ffdG dG Rh g -
.dG bH FGhdG NGh Y dG hNBG g j d ...!jQCG Gg ...dG Mj gh !edG RLG d -
!G NO d !kM :NCG fEG .H EG gPCS .SQe EG LH d .b X Y kVa Va a fCG eCG .e HG Y -
?fhCGQ fCG JCG :e ...AHdH Ae .fdG fEG !fa f .G SQG
!eCG z...{ :NCG ...HJ fEG !e - .G QO G Jh
GO j .A dG WCG IK K G Kj MGQh ?EG g a ,kGPEG :Jf jZ PSCG ajh
gS J SQG EG .I G U j ...e Sh fBG EG . H JCG fEG .HG MCG -
LdG H TCG kdCG kGL LdG I EG .dG ...SG npobhn .dG NBGh MGh H HhO
.He e dG g ...S g Mh G A Lh EG
?TfCG - 6 EG a gW eCG .G SQG EG gOhCG Sj
e b NCG Qjh ,G e cjh .LdG qN EG e NCG Lh ?dEG dG Y gW ij g ...HhO fBGh .H
dG Sh !J :AH Ojh ,SCGdG He LBG CG hO dG Y S ?G g iJCG - .IG Y dG MGH jh
fBG Jh . K U SQG Jh !k e ...Y G Jh NGdG e dG S ...Nf !INCG kSCc d , M j dG eGOCG -
(7)

eCG e c .e fG J .kGL H eCG fEG -

!jG AG j CG
jh .IG Y Y jZ PSCG jh
j CG Y Dhj a gW eCG .GQf IdG EG fH
.QdG Y cdH
!fBG j ...J -
.fSCG H G e Lh ,fBG WJh
ch .G EG dG dG Vb OLh OYCGh
MCG j g GPEa ,AKCG J kMe hj VdG
AG H fe AdG kLQ JGh ;dEG e
dG Lh GQf IdG ebh .RGdG Gj d
c j d g T OLh , d dBG IQ H
hJ ,gT J dG ,HhO fBG fc .G
HGdG kac Gg ch ,dG J jdG W
QhH VdG bh .IHEG EG G e ,KG H
.NCG Y ad
5
e JCJ fEG .e eCG Gj CG gCG j
.H e
.HhO fBG
.jH fQ hP SG
!QdG jCG ,kU -
L CG SQG e EG !Q Uh Q c g
J dh .cdH He fEG ?dc dCG
je EG .G e d jCG H J .HUCG
Q ...J gh dG J fEG ! dG e I c
H !dh d dCG dG F T J fc
fG J d !BG !gaXCG TCG YJ d .kGOhQh
gG JCG . c G HEG S J fEG ! bn nY e
...jNBG EG kFGO gH J fEG ?LC dG
j OOj ...AGdc AG Hj SEG ...H HhO
fEG !e fG soj CG JCG e !H ...kGH
cCJ dh ?IQS g .fa e .fa
TdG J !M c Y FL d ...jG
aO Fe g Y ... c fOC H MCG e j CG hO
iJCG .FSdG e AJ e J CG YSH ...jL
d ...kGL hH fEG ?ka kGb j gCG
... ... ...`N ...N e IdG IQdG AL
oj dh ,H HhO jRGee :gCG jOj ...
...I H jh ...I dG j N ...k V
j ...e HCG ...HY fCG ...fa ... N
fEG !fdH zRhQ{ j ...IOQh YJ eCG ...Y
...RhQ .G e AGM d .CGJ h ...kGHCG J
...SdG ...dG NG g ...fa
eY ...edG GQdG SG ceCG ...G
...G e ,eeCG YG LCS kHT UCS
kGJ dCG .e S dG dG h
...G Gg d OQCS .dP S d ?jdH kGjL
,k H Sh ... F X dG d UC S
...kSEG Jh

28
 IBGe a ,JOd HdG dH d G e
hCG EG( dG Y ,JdGh Y Jh ,fGG
G H eGC R a bh ,)A M C G Y IO e
AL dG dGh Hj fQGO EG VdG ALh .MCG
c ;G AYCG L YOh ,G EG fedH
hO AT c eCG Z d !Y HV LCG e dP
,kFg kc f AG YCGh ,ce J CG
iWCG d :HG T Y H J gh
.ddG L jdGh IdG
...AT c j ...W fEG ...kFf Gj e HCG
GPEG ?dP e SCH j GP .W LQ fEG .j K
HCG !J g ...NCG HCG EG ...e AG j
QOf CG fEG .ke d .ef j fEG .j fEG .j
dP c ;a IMGh Ie .b Y qY aj .G
YC HQL zS S dG{ Y NCG M
j fE a NCG eCG .kG L NOCG fCG .NC d
a aQCG c dG dG dG HCG a d .NdG
J .I MGh Y H V . dG a HQ L
VCG c .AdH fG dP e dh ,J
.Ad Yj e g j ...rnpoK c JSCe
fa IY YCG d .Y Y J HG bQ dh
ke c .fdG AfEG LCG e Cgh ;bh
YJ fEG .QfG AGY J eCG J CG LQd
a J jZ ZCG ;Y ZCG g ;RhQ ,IOQh
CG ,JM ;dc g dh ,I e U fEG .MGh CGh ,
Y kGH J Y S c HCG e hH
fEG .Jce Y d Ea J eY Mh ;jdG
.dG e VQCG TJ eCG .dG Y J
.T sc GPEG S h ,j H iQCG CG MCG
,LdH AdG j CG j .M Y dG c
,Gh ,dH kGA f MCG EG .dG Yh
P SCG L ,O G G G eCG ,ICGGh
...QG SCG YCG Mh fCGh ; HCG fEG :j Z
QeCG d e EG cYj jZ P SCG{
e EG ,HCG SCG g dP ,zQ LCGh jQ G
,I VQCG P gO iS d j dG IeG
Oj L Sch ,dc OSCG e a QG
K Qh ,Ieh ,Z LGhR jCG EG jQJ
V J HCG jW fc J ... Y Y Q
fEG ,H JCG H e Q J ;bdG T EG ,QLCG
EG j HCG a EG .jSdG dGh AGdG e
d .fdG M fJ c .G cGT f
g dP ,L LQ .bd G G c
c zM Y{ ,be Y d .jZ PSCG
J eb CGH ,dG V b LQ ,eCG J
,ST ,pne ,q !W LQ e d j .j fEG .bP EG
d .edG SH ,Y e j fEG .Qd
...dG AKCG FGH M kHY Ak GM j j
j CG j ; e J H dG jMCG EG
gc ,Yh ,HGC AGM ...d LQ fG
dEG JCG c J eCG a e kJU Kj
fCT e dP EG jh , dG j HCG EG ...k d
dP AKCG h ;af H k FGO f fEG ...Mh
IG Y ,eC fdG jHCG YCG CG SG
dG dG I T eGC ,FSdH WG ,I dG
MG Gh ,SBG AG FGhQ H CG ThCG
dG H J eCG EG ,Ad f fY d( .kGHCG
dH gOgCG e Yh ...)Ic VGMCG HGh
d gJ hCG , s e dG e If SJ
aG fP GPEG :H dW CGd IdG aG
bCG d dh .FGHG IOdG Ca ,dG EG
.hCG LQdG e fG G EG eJ a ;GH
ha ,FdG GP J ,jQe Hf e oHCG b c
c Hh .jDhd HhO fBG ALh ,kMT kf
e J eCG fc dG Y b j dGh Z f c eY IMGh c fCG hj .IBGe GP
d .dGh jS YH JCG h , TGa
dh ;e J dG FGQ fch .G b OOJ CG H Y e HH dGh gc ,JOh
HhO fBG aGQh .G OW dG dG
2009 GjM 3 130OY
G A TCG QPCG f e G f h SJ CG J gh ,dG d G Y e HhO
C ,IQG e HGh Yh J Oa ,MdH Jj G G fCG dh ,jG fCG gY
.iNCGh H jL e dJ CG G gGJCG !)eh NCG( gYCG dG G HH
d G .kbe c c J ?H S
8 fCG EG AG Jj CG dG fEG .G Gg EG K
dG e L Y Y HQCG b Jh dh dG QS g JdG Y gH dCGh .ANCG
BG j HCG EG .NCG or ndG KMCG jdG jRGG ?Sc EG WH H .OJ gGJ CG ?gd kM
M sEG GD S G L J eE Hh ,k e ...jeBG d jdG fEG ...adG jh
...VG ...dG eh
L j fEG .dGh j dG g G EG dG MGQh ...j GP SQ M fY ch
O j CG e dP .IOhH SG W T dG Y EG j fEG ;fG ebCG G
;Jf HCG p oa IG g !G Y kGFGR fEG !gZCG e .AVQEG
MGh ma ,L on oS ddG IG h .Ud dG GQhCc jf kbGQhCG adG jh
fG j eY JG dG g J .dG .G SCGQ cGH NCG j h
JC j ddh ,eOE H IG b j fEG !G V !IG hCG G -
q dG c .kS dh a fCG eCG .dhe WCG .Gd dCG jh
Gg LCG e{ :hOOj gh fMCG fhNC j .cT cG Ma h
CG dCG ,dh z!HY W fCG Y hj !dG e cGJ jh ,b JG NCG S g
dP EG .Q c ,k jg ,k f eCG e UCG ?e
EG Gg K e g d ,QdG j H ,dG e ,dG fe MJh
,k H YCGh k e Y bCG Y f . NCG :NCG jh ...jhGG
...IQc U b dh ,G fh ?kT J G ,fCGh -
ZdG MCG EG .or ndG LCG d .kFf HG GR e .kHGL e j h
fEG ...dG GJ CG hO ,j M AhH J .dH NCG jh
T A d J CG G AS IU H M Jjh ...e jh
q J .db AKCG NCG CG jj gh ...j GPEa ,kVQCG NBG e c jh .VQCG EG H j
OhCG g .S dH TCG fCGh , j HCG ! e .Ne SCGQh L g
J fEa NCGh fCG eCG ;Me dG .HdG adG jh
EG .VdG j M dc cdG ZdG a !fCG G j eY jLG GY fEG
.CG d d bCG Y g .dG Y gj NCG .G d ...Y
NCG c .L g gY eGhCG Qj dG EG d !BG !GLj fEG ...jRGee :dG Jh
;dG hG n pdCG d .SQG Nj CG b kYGQ !SCd dh !GbCG cH FGKCG fEG f
S fj CG d H .CG d d fCG dP EG VCG .dG GbCG Y kFGO j jdG g hLG
j .e NCG HCG EG .kM d dh .gW .H Y fG j e M J d
ICGG J ,IgR eCG e kG Mh dh d .b NCG ...fg Mhh ...db fch
NCG HCG ;gW S QdG Gg LhJ dG dG !ATCG e HY CG -
;jQH e dh U ;ef a HCG eCG ;e jh ; j jG HhO fBG Y J Jh
dG d L d .odo jn dG g .zef j HCG{ :NCG
f a Y eCG S .dG e LLO .zL j HVG{
c Ie HCG d N S ej dG AYdG ...jj d h
HCG Sh ;AYdG a LLdG Y eCG S .T
LLdG Y eCG dH gh BGdG e jBG 7
s Y LLO bQ !bG H IM bCG e .IQYG A e dG a dG , Y dG bh ,Q dG eGC
!H e OJ ffG ;FY e ...HP j HhO fBG e c .H a hQhj
EG !kFf Gj fEG !jCG G Y j HCG MCG IeCG fc ...AbQdG dG .J L b Y
X J EG ;VG Y Ic ATCG J CG b j j .ITdG Rhj dG MG ddG
k HY HCG j d ...j Y M b hj eh ,HdG j a ,dG SQG AH EG NdG
...dG H JCG fCG f ...kjQe UC gh ,j K ,G Je dG Y hj g
c Y JCG EG ...Y fdj e Gg ...R J .L Ad jh ,G iMEG e ,Jj
d ,G SCG Y LCGh , U f dG GPg ...Lj edG ha ,YdG jh
f a ,H jQG IQU G JgCG j dG dh .YGe Y kMe dG dG
hQ NCGh ...GdCG ad dG Y d .IGe He .LG a e Ghj CG kGPEG a ,SGH
Y d e fCG j HCG EG .Oj fC eCG SQG e GeM U h dG Gg A YR c
Mj GJCG .dH j CG dG e .jCG L H J dP eh ;CG Y J N SC
e ,jCG fG Y kFGO j fEG .j M bCG CG fEG .QdG MG ADd V jCG HhO
O dG j M dG IdG L W dG jDhQ J J dh ,kL gASCG J
G TG d .H kGc j fEG ?IdG SQG CG e j Y fEG ...ddG SCGh ,bG
.dP e H edG SH j CG KDj c Qh G S EG :edG hN H dN J d
,kZ OS fCG j c ,G e kT HCG Hj , dG M H EG j e Y S Gh
H dP e jd .jL e Ie d OY dh e ,dG OhCG b , dG dP KG jh
J J CG eGC OYG d . VCG d a dG dJ NCG CG fc dG ,dG cCG GP OdG
IMdG jdG Y ,aGG M ,gGQdG e CG O J Mh ... j dG j H HQ c
Q YCG Y dG J K ,fQGO Y RLG dG dGh ,RQCG ZCG VQCG Y sM dG gQY
fGN c Y QCG !G SGc fY ,fGG .QG Y
,J d ij a dM e EG dG jh
H NG bh ;H dh b cCG ;GS Y e e dG FHdG dG RroJh ;dG OhCG e a
e dG EG Ca G J M QhJ J
kHK J GPEG dH dG aQ AntdG C ,kjW .dG GG e Y
29
 !g fEG - h ;Z FHbCG Y ,eCG aH TCG KK Ad S CH Y ddG AS eCG HCGh ;S M
!g fEG ;dG jCG , - fa dCG jZ PSCG OH 1937 dG fc hCG .IPSCG QGL a ,eGbCG AGQh AG e kS
G f c d c , H H ,I e dG jh gP K ;NsOG e K G Gg ch ,feT K dCG fCGh eh ...HCG e J dG FGQ fc
dG e j fCG Y hj h ;M e jh ...kH Vh dG LhH Od e SG VH CGb d !h ... F dG
:kS gcCH jZ PSCG h .G NCG AdEH jh ,k Z j O j gh ,Q dG kGQce NCG SEG c ...b U jZ
?SG e - I S CG fc ;Q dG H e I j a I dG .HCG dG H SG b
.aL dCG - ,dH G W b cdG ch ,de EG JOH
H cdG h ;N b fCG dG Y hj h .HZ AKCG ,FHdG GjdG NOCGh 9
dG bGJh ;iNCG dH jQh jh ,j e WH GP MH EG e jcP hCG OJ
Lh eCG ;jhbQR Y GP dCG c ;G Y 10 G eCG .dG GfCG c H a J e
kH Jj ch ;e IU H a .IH e dG MU fBG LCG ,KdG JNCGh ,cdG a UG dG
GP AGM j fEG .kGL kGb UCG G e kGb SJ gh ,GM hO eh ,HG Y c d g dDJ .OhCG EG aVEH e KG LhRh
EG .e ,c W Y j , , W kYae ,Y ZdH e Nh .OSCG d Y ;MGh HW P SGh e e jCG G dG
j dG jMCG e ij e kdZ e Yb C dG c I dG Y G e U H ,eGQCG e dG e kFGO a jh ;Z Sh
Y j ;YdG f j AGG Ggh ;SdG k H K JJ H e HbG j dG h ; G IOdH jh ;dG Y WYh ,InnYh ,Gq Lh
CG G e ch .HV dG g Gg dCG CG j .QGU eh ,e .LhR d j CG b ATCG hq a ,jZ dG
j c dG cd kT cj a ,keU j !cdG Hj ,SG - a .aKh kY dG LQ cCG j CG d JCG d
G a , e HY gh , H VQCG M J , G jG e k H K J J f c kJc UCG b SQe S S eCG CG
QGd EG ...k Sb k T HQT JG bh ,eeCG S aQ e d SCG e J hCG ,aOQ h jdG eN eCG K ;Z kLe
hj H( dG MCG kGQWEG dCG jJj dG OSCG .AG dM ,gO YJ fEG ;AG jGH Y CGHh ;cdG IOT Y M 1919 Y
,HCG dG bj eCG )qc H ke e QGU :Y jZ PSCG jh .hd YH CG j VQCG b iTGh ,M
M ,dG H zIc{ a e a ,dCG b .RdG HC J fEG - a ;S dG IGZ jdG IC Wh f Lh K
h ,cdG YS QJ YH dCG h , H :IOQh Jh ,MG Q LC H dG SQCG
.e EG j .f ,FOg ,IU fEG - j h .eY AHCG c GhRCa ;ddG M
.QGO jM U CGj dG SQM c ,OGdG JjT ,Jc Y GP AG dM EG hCG Ua fa ,FGdG Lh O dG cdG
?H AL dG e !jZ hCG !AGQdG H - IH GP ;Se LMh ,kb eee LCGh QfCG YCG M ,S qSh ,Fb J
!gGO gd IH d J ;fedc ,Y , aU ,G S .Z CGSCGh
.G dCG Ujh SJh ...GS J gY :kGQGMG d RG aZ LCSGh ,LhR Gg cdG Hh
.cdG jh K ,dG S eRQ Jh ,gQU gj gO ;de e GN b Y kch ,G MGV
.OhCG LJ d :J j ;c JM e MCG FdG J
QJh ;cQ Y jH dG SQM jh .jdG nJ - fEG ;dG b , HhQhCG GL EG c d
.OedG e HS fZ e j .jY IQH MdG f e a VJ gh ,HdG H J IOQh CG a j
!dG MCGh ,gPCS ,fCG - .NBG J MGdG Hj Gfc ;cCj dG .jdH AGZ IG e j cdG EGh ;e
:jZ PSCG VQjh YJ CG gO dhM ,OGG Y ,SQG eCGh ,e dh ,AGa ,FHR H c ,Y Nh
.kGQa S , - CG EG e c eh ,gO a H HQ Y k Ma .ISCG IM eDj
,jhbQR Y GP ,jW ,jY ICGeG RJh e Ofh ,OhCH J dG M dG QH dG Gfc ;MdG ddG G dP M e c
.dCG gAGQh j :jL fhKj ; f dG j dG Y k H K f p r oj
?HG GgCG !LQCG ,THW J - !cdG Hj - ,eCG iMEG h .iH fbjh ,GUCH
.e aL IdG Jh a Y h ,dEG gdG Y e Dhj h fCG LQd HH dGh gG e kGc cdG iHCG
.nndG LLR QM gJh EG j d a e G j Y fEG ...IG eRdG PSCG EG :d Y j CG dG dG LQ
:OhCG eCJh OOa ,gO EG JOYE cjh .Hj N Ic j fEG ;LGdG g dG c GPEG ,f LQ jZ
.jG GdGh ,GgPEG - U W j PEG ,e a ;J K SDdG FY HG Y j CG gG g EG FH
J fc ;dGC d IQjR f e f c .JcdG j CG EG e eCG j dh ...H G
dG e jh ,Aa dG dL gh dH c ...eT Ahg dG Y Y Sh kHK EG eCG J :G d kb Y
EG jDhQ h .FGQ ohs nnoJ ,dG MCG lT JG .jMCG J Y dd ejh ,zrLudG CH{ j kbnN e J EG L Qj ,dG e kGMGh
np oc dG e lp T ...G G GY ,GdG eCj Gj e gh ,MdG jhGR e bh jZ PSCG j h ...!G dG ...dG
H UCGh , dG G ,M G d IAGH fEG ... F dGh , b dGh , dG GQG dG ,G e ISh ,MCG fH e cCG f
...dG e j s g g !bQCG e ...bQ jH j e G fb eCG ...bh ,jY GhSh
GG a nsHJ dG nndG H dCG jh N L h ;e AGM H a ...dG Qb T H W c ; G EG a a dG
:e FGH LG IG SfCG Ye Jh ,p f c . fL Y HGq T J ,k cYe ,GWCG
.dG EG ,kM - !H MdG ICa hRj KK kU dh .iG j ,S dG e eY H , e
kYe jh ;L YCG EG b dCG ajh ,cQ e MGRCG dG g KdG CG e Qj h oj h ...YbG j CG hO ,Zh H kFGO
jjh ,JQGS GG aa ;VG e IOGG Cd ,kFOg ,fe EG OY M GhHG EG eh ;IMGh IH kHK c a ;gLd e e jZ PSCG
.G f Qe .fCG Y JJ De eYh eN g( ,ShCG Y r n u Yo ,Ie d
Vh j dG ,jd bdG e dCG Ojh .dG EG - j IOQh onoJ ,dG d iMEG h ...)SQGG
.OGSG id HG j jZ PSCG bCG HGdG YdG ,cdG ba ,SOdG H b ch ,e
.FdG S ,oCG b G - GhdG EG e i j h . SQG e hG H J ILCG IQS kT j CG hO
?k ht dG Gj CG - ...kN a ,THdGh ,dG d QdG JCjh ;SGh ,WQ aZ ...S
:jd Ojh .cdG eCG IedG jh CG hO H J CG IOQh d FG qjo h
.e c a d - ;jW WHh ,b kM hJj gAHBG EG e L H b a dG Jh ;QG e i oJ
?ce G jCG - ...J YeO e jh cdG jh ;kfK kHH d QdG Ojh ,edG
.fe e - MCG Qj :CG M e e dG jh ,d aZh ,eh ,c ICaG a LJ dG
.e GG jh ...AGQORG CG ,dG aGH dP cCG ...e GhOCGh ,JGhOCGh ,FM IOQh dEG Jh
!IQdH FEG !LG jCG - e dP ...AHBG d Me Sd g j CG j ,d aZ a IadG a LJ dG fG eCG
jhGdG EG Fb jh ,dG EG f dCG Hjh GQ dG edH G G dG H S J fc fGNh ,ke kGjS a ,cd
Y ,IM eGC b jh ; jG YhQG Z .dM a j e dG gdG eCG ;ke k eh fGN J Ic
.AH IA ,jdG Lh Y ,Ge YJGh ,e ...jZ PSCG jh e EG M a ,jdG EG MdG SGH j
c .G jG VH JeCG d - ?TN dG e - e gP M ,hCG JdG fG EG eh .d

30
FGdG fjdG hQ j fCH n sdh ...FYR .J Th ,H a ?NCG HY Lg e GPEG ,G hdG
.G dG gGe Y .QnH ej MQh .GLj d -
fc dG dG g MGQ M ,Ia EG g eh .kN k G QT ejh CG hO jh ,AG rojh ,dG jd NCjh
nnQnOh .bTH H dG gJ ehdG d J iC e ,INS IV BG a ... h ...S eCG :dG Y j
ehdG AGOdG UCGh , S d AGJQG Y S dG ...dH .IYdG e j .SQe BG NCG -
MGQ ,jY IQHh ...FdG dG g VdG :kFU eH VQCG eJ dG jh ?L EG fG dEG W d GPe -
J CGHh ,fS e AGZEG J dG g !AdG H - :dCG jh
ADg GQh ...INdG Fhh ,JeMh , bhQCG .kMe a jh .HCG aGj d -
c e IQM j HdG J jdG LdG .Y Y AH N bGJh ?GP -
Ggh ...SJ CGf e Gg ...jOdG f gOj .Rc dG dG fH jh ,HCG OOj e Gg .jG ,Y h ,ATCG -
QSG f ,BG je dG O MCG f f :e eh ,ShDhQ G jh !aGj d :dCG cCGh
z!dG !dG bGG Y gPEG ,jO ,fBG - :AG GaEG Y jd bJh
...j e j h i d cCG M U HG Jh ?kHY fFb dCG -
...kec kYSCG SQG e a d jh ;dG OSCG gT J gh , S :dCG LCGh
J gh ,cM dG AGdG f M e .m HCG dh ,HY fEG ,f -
.b MG dG fdG FdG g jQe (1)
.dG .QGMG Y eG e j h
.NCG S kHCe bGG Njh :jd Uh
eCG .Ic fehQ WCG a .HY e dH b jef je :g (2)
.j edG dhdG UY fch . d dG SEG a JS
.G ASCG QT jh j H ,jG NCG Nj d ,Ia d -
.a jjCG bh M kjW ehdG Jb jef eCG :JQZZh .G MCG Y Oj gh .zdG{ TQh EG QG dEG
.jQH e e :dG Sb (3)
.G e c .Re JQ EG bQ d !bdG jCG ,SCH -
.G Y bQh bGG jh !NCG MCGh ,gPEG .HM NCS
.FGG K ,HdG IjG T UG J fc ,IjG T :FGG (4)
.Algrie fdG dG HdG UCG Mjh
.Ie H eJ dG gjh :dCG Nq Jh
.dG dG H e gjh jdG JGhOCG GNEH j HCG ,G fG -
.LWb eCG HEG :eS (5)
...Y bJ G Gf jh .G QN
.)dDG TM( eSEG AdG eG :cdG (6) Y dG ...VG SCG d ,PSCG S ...{ TQh Y dG SQM HM NCG jh
.)dDG TM( dEG ...W bY :M(7)
MCG d .hJ e d fOYCG EG dG (8)
.zFb{ H e Oj CG ajh ;zq dG{
hCG CH j Y c .G J PEG k U adG j c G GPg gh ...ad IGQe a
.)dDG TM( dG Oe(8)
;IG Y MCG EG ...!je aQ fEG ...eG Y bG jh . d e Va jCH
d .jhGdG g e QeCG EG j NCG dh VjdG d kfL SCG Jh .e QfG
YC L d ...AH bQh bCSh ;Mh JCG ,f AJ e JQ Y GG a ;e kH
Y MCG EG .eG gQ MC ...a VG ,M K ,d e eh NCG jh
.zAH bQh bCSh ,IG IU Y kjCG JG dG Hd YRh
.jZ e - .YdG e
.dG dG bGjh NC a ,J e eh NCG Q jh
.jG dG e EG ... J .dO e YdG Ib EG .QC K NCG
.QfGh G gj ,ShDhdG JJh kGHCG j fEG .H Y a HhO fBG
aj NCG dh ,kFGO hCG e .dG
12 .U b CG H AhH J
:c Y G e jG hjh d OGSG Y NCa ,d dH eCG
HG G G Tc j ;QU d d e OOj h .fe Rj CG d j e c
.kbGh e h e gO NCG j eY SGH dG
cCG EG .kM e fCG .dG AdG d bCG d - .cdG
...kjJ IL JLQO
c N e dG IOdG e jh 11
.G FGM jh .VG AfE YdG HQCG KK eeCG -
ne Y kGc KCG CG SCG dh ... - EG Ojh JQf jh .HUCG Y eJ dG
...gTJ .jL e SG
LCG H H e jh J a .kJJ YdG cCG AMCG Y Yb EG
j dh ,fGh AhdG ke ,eQG dh ;YG Y K G e LsQoe KK Y
f kHe ,jh ,j jG c ;e IH ddG dG ea ;a UG J JJ U
EG j fCG Y hj ;kfL SCGH kGQhe ,dG EG M hCG SQdG e fhj e e ke HOCG
.e .dG jf
kf JC S . Y CGbC S e EG kG L UCG ... - .SQG Y eJ dG
,bRCG j jdG WCG dCG H{ :JG c .fG Y gh
?keN S fGJCG .dG H W IY f . M EG b U d
hP fQh H d zIG H{ S CG .ShQH kaM j
G ?NBG AH f CG CG ...?GR eG .ke SQdG j
jS YCG uj GdG nsG G CG aj .HH LGj h
Y j d fEa ,kHV UCG e GPEGh ?jQdG .IJSCG H e Sj
EG ,SdG c jN c dh M ,fdc LQO .S bRCG Oj h
.zdG e EG WGe d EG .AT c Gg d !Uh ,fe e jh
?dG Gg Y J g - Oe Z OH j 1945 jCG e dG Gg U
.HLEd bh rnr oj dG kGMh f e jh . G e
LJ z?SJ CGb GPe JCG{ :HJCG EG - .eG j fEG .jCG
W e gCG c{ : jcCG LJ SCG g .H j eJ dG GPg g
.d FGO gCG Y ,Mc j fjH .dG aO j c Q
Y AhdGh MGdG gOj CG Y jcCG U bh .G NO K , Je QOZ CG j h
A HCG n q K d ... j dG g Ja FG dG jW .e f iNCG J K ,dG iMEG Jh

31
2009 GjM 3 130OY
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