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08weUP Orr Worked Examples Design of Pile Foundations PDF
08weUP Orr Worked Examples Design of Pile Foundations PDF
Worked examples
d i
design off pile
il
foundations
Dr. Trevor Orr
Trinity College Dublin
Convenor SC7/EG3
Eurocodes:
Background & Applications
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN with worked examples 13-14 June 2013, Dublin
Worked example 1
design of pile foundations from load tests
DESIGN SITUATION
Eurocodes:
Background & Applications
It has been decided to use bored piles 1.2m in diameter and 15m
long
Settleem ent, m m
curves are plotted in Figure 1 Pile 3
80 Pile 4
Adopt settlement of the pile Mean
top equal to10% of the pile 100
160
Worked example 1
design of pile foundations from load tests
SOLUTION
Eurocodes:
Background & Applications
Adopting the pile load at a settlement of the top of the piles equal
to 10% of the pile diameter as the ultimate resistance means
using the measured resistances at a settlement of:
12.0 x (10/100) x 103 = 120mm
From the load-settlement graphs for each pile this gives:
Pile 1 Rm = 2.14 MN
Pile 2 Rm = 1
1.96
96 MN
Pile 3 Rm = 1.73 MN
Pile 4 Rm = 2.33 MN
Hence the mean and minimum measured pile resistances are :
Rm, mean = 2.04 MN
Rm, min = 1.73
1 73 MN
6 2013 Trevor Orr. All rights reserved.
Eurocodes:
Background & Applications
Characteristic resistance
Therefore
h f no. piles
l required:
d n = Fc,d / Rc,d = 12.9 / 1.57 = 9 piles
il
Hence piles should not be designed from load test results using
Design Approach 3 and the recommended partial resistance factor
The same design number of piles, 9 is obtained for both DA1 and
DA2
Since the recommended partial resistance factors are 1.0 for DA3,
this Design Approach should not be used for the design of piles
from pile load test results unless the partial resistance factors are
increased
Worked example 2
design of pile foundations from test profiles
DESIGN SITUATION
Eurocodes:
Background & Applications
The ground consists of dense sand beneath loose sand with soft
clay and peat to 16.5m as shown in figure on next slide
Loose sand,
1 CPT was carried out soft clay
and some
Soil has upper 11m layer of peat
The base and shaft pile resistances Normalised Unit base resistance pb, in MPa,
settlement s/Ds; at average cone penetration resistance
are calculated using Tables D.3 s/Db qc (CPT) in MPa
qc = 10 qc = 15 qc = 20 qc = 25
and D.4
D 4 of EN 1997
1997-22 relating a 0 02
0,02 0 70
0,70 1 05
1,05 1 40
1,40 1 75
1,75
0,03 0,90 1,35 1,80 2,25
single cautious average qc value in 0,10 (= sg) 2,00 3,00 3,50 4,00
stronger soil to the unit base and NOTE Intermediate values may be interpolated linearly.
In the case of cast in-situ piles with pile base enlargement, the values
shaft resistances,
resistances pb and ps shall be multiplied by 0
0,75.
75
s is the normalised pile head settlement
Assume the ULS settlement of the Ds is the diameter of the pile shaft
Db is the diameter of the pile base
pile head, sg so that the sg is the ultimate settlement of pile head
qc values to obtain pb and ps from Average cone penetration Unit shaft resistance ps
resistance qc (CPT)
(C )
these tables: MPa MPa
0 0
pb = 2.5 MPa 5 0,040
10 0,080
ps = 0.1
0 1 MPa > 15 0 120
0,120
NOTE Intermediate values may be interpolated linearly
Worked example 2
design of pile foundations from test profiles
SOLUTION
Eurocodes:
Background & Applications
Calculated compressive pile resistance for the one profile of test results:
Rc;cal = Rb;cal + Rs;cal = Ab x pb + As x Ls x ps
= (0.159 x 2.5 + 1.414 x Ls x 0.10) x 103 kN
Rc;cal = 398 + 141 x Ls kN
Hence, applying the recommended correlation factors 3 and 4, which are both
the same and equal to 1.4 for one profile of test results because the mean and
minimum
i i calculated
l l t d resistances
i t are th
the same so that
th t 3 and
d 4 = = 1.4
1 4 and
d
the characteristic base and shaft compressive pile resistances are:
Rb;k = Rb;cal / = 398/1.4 = 284 kN
Rs;k = Rs;cal / = 141 x Ls /1.4 = 101 Ls
Design
D i actions
ti
DA1.C1 Fc,d = 1.35 Gk+1.5 Qk = 1.35x300+1.5x150 = 630 kN
DA1.C1 Fc,d = 1.0 Gk+1.3 Qk = 1.0x300+1.3x150 = 495 MN
Design resistances
DA1.C1 Rc,d = Rb,k /b + Rs,k /s = 284/1.25 + 101 x Ls/ 1.0
DA1 C2 Rc,d = Rb,k /b + Rs,k /s = 284/1.6
DA1.C2 284/1 6 + 101 x Ls/ 1.3
13
g p
Hence DA1.C2 controls and DA1 design pile length
g L = 16.5 + Ls = 21m
Design action
Fc;d = 1.35 Gk+1.5 Qk = 1.35x300+1.5x150 = 630 kN
Design resistance
Rc;d = Rb;k /b + Rs;k /s = 284/1.1 + 101 x Ls/ 1.1
E
Equating
i actions
i and
d resistances
i
630 = 284/1.1 + 101 x Ls/ 1.1 Ls = 4.05 m
The same design pile length, 21m is required for both DA1 and
DA2
Since the recommended partial resistance factors are 1.0 for DA3,
this Design Approach should not be used for the design of piles
from profiles of ground test results unless the partial resistance
factors are increased
Worked example 3
design of pile foundations from soil parameters
DESIGN SITUATION
The ground consists of about 3m Brown Dublin Boulder Clay over Black
Dublin Clay to great depth
The pile foundation design involves determining the length of the piles
shear strength
Figure shows plot of SPT N values
obtained plotted against depth Black DBC
Pile resistances
Pile diameter D = 0.45m
The characteristic unit pile base and shaft resistances, qb;k and qs;k are
obtained as follows:
qb;k = Nq x cu = 9 cu
qs;k = x cu = 0.4 x cu
Characteristic base resistance
Rb;k = Ab x qb;k = 0
0.159
159 x 9 x 270 = 386 kN
Characteristic shaft resistance
Rs;k = As x Ls x qs;k = 1.414 x Ls x 0.4 x 270 = 153 Ls
Hence DA1.C2
DA1 C2 controls and the DA1 design pile length L = 3.0
3 0 + Ls = 15.5m
15 5m
Design action
Fc;d = 1.35 Gk+1.5 Qk = 1.35 x 600+1.5 x 300 = 1260 kN
D i
Design resistance
i
Rc;d = Rb;k /(b x R;d) + Rs;k /(s x R;d)
= 386/(1.1 x 1.75)+ 153 x Ls /(1.1 x 1.75) = 201 + 79.5 Ls kN
D i
Design action
ti
Fc;d = 1.35 Gk+1.5 Qk = 1.35 x 600+1.5 x 300 = 1260 kN
Design resistance
Rc;d = Rb,k /b + Rs,k /s
Note: R1 partial factors of 1.1 have been increased to 1.4, i.e. a model
factor of 1
1.4/1.1
4/1 1 = 1
1.27
27 has been applied
= 386 /1.4 + 153 x Ls /1.4 = 276 + 109 Ls kN
Application of the model factor of 1.75 as well as the material factor of 1.4
to obtain the design resistance when using DA3, results in DA3 providing
a longer design pile length and hence the least economical Design
Approach in Ireland
The longer design pile length of 16.5 m when using the Irish NA with DA2
compared to 12.0 m when using the German NA is because of the model
factor of 1.75 in the Irish NA and 1.27 in the German NA
Geotechnical design
with
ith worked
k d
examples
eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu