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m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh

kj m%cd;ka;%jd fmruqK
mgqk

uf.a lau 06
bos u 11
01 m%cd;ka;%jdoh iy;sl lrk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla 13
02 rg kxjk wdlhla 19
03 iodpdr imkak iudchla 23
04 iqrlaIs; wdydr yd ;sridr f.d;ekla 29
05 ieug iqj fi; 35
06 kj wNsfhda. ch.kakd ksoyia wOHdmkhla 39
07 rg /flk cd;Hka;r in|;d 43
08 /lshdj re lrk ludka; yd fiajd 47
09 hqKq rdcH wxYhla 51
10 n,Yla;s iqrlaIs; Y%S ,xldjla 55
11 w:j;a yrj;a udOH ksoyila 61
f.!rjkSh iajdka jykai"
yska" bia,d" ls;=Kq mQcl ;=uks"
ohdnr ;%jreks"

m <uqj Tn ieug ffu;S%h rchk iudchla


fyg kfha Wod fjdhs m%d:kd lr' YS%
,xld ksoyia mlaIfha uy f,al f,i ud rE
lr tlu cd;sl l;jHhla fjkqfjka tla
jQ mlaI kdhl;=ud we;= ish mlaIj,
kdhl ldrldkag yd mlaI idudlhkag
j.lsjhq;= weu;s Oqr yd ud bfha fmkajkq udf.a f.!rjKSh m%Kduh msku' ;jo"
,enQ w.ue;s Oqrh wd ish,a, mfil ,d udf.a YS% ,xld ksoyia mlaIh mjq,aldufhka .,jd
iy uf.a mjqf,a idudlhkaf.a ; wjodku .ekSu i|yd ud iu tlajQ iyDohska ish
o fkd;ld" t<efUk ckdm;sjrKhg fokdg o uf.a m%Kduh msku'
bm;a jQfha uf.a Wodr uug;a" iuia;
ck;djg;a w;aj we;s fockl brKka ish ;h f rf la |sk f.d" llre"
Tjqka .,jd .kq msKsih' jr ckhdf.a iqnfi; fjkqfjka o kS;s"
ffjoH" bxfkare" .Kldld wd jD;a;Sh
tys " udf.a wfmalaIl;ajh fjkqfjka lem m%cdjf.a wNs,dIhka fjkqfjka o ldka;djka"
jQ" foaYudul" iodpdrj;a iudchla m;k orejka" jeyshka yd fYaI wjYH;d
ish fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia,dg;a" YS,dpdr we;a;ka fjkqfjka o u;= mrmqr fjkqfjka
iudchla fjkqfjka lem jQ yska" bia,d" o mirh iq/lSu fjkqfjka o lem jQ ish
ls;=Kq mQcl;=uka,d iy wd.l kdhlhskag;a iudc ls%hdldka yd iafPd ixOdk ud
uf.a kuialdr mQjl f.!rjh msku' fj; m< l< ifydaor;ajfha oE; ms<sn| uf.a
tfukau" ish mlaI" ,dxPk" mdg wu;l ;%YS,S iqyo;dj o olajd iskafk'

ffu;%Smd, isfiak 5
uf.a
lau

zIK yd jxpd ieuod is jQ nj


i;Hhls' tfy;a miq.sh jir lsysmh
;=< Y%S ,xldf is jQ IKj,
mudKh b;sydifha lsis fkl
wikakg ,e ke;' rg f.dvkxjk
taldnoaO jevms<sfj,la i|yd
m%Odk foaYmd,k mlaI lsysmh tla
lr.; yels fft;sydisl fudfyd;
ka Wod we;'Z

6 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 7


1994 isg wo olajd wfma rg iuia;hla f,i fuu ;;ajh w;a |skakg ,eKs' ka fmr f.dia we;' YS% ,xldj" cd;Hka;rh ;=< mlaIj, kdhlhskayg udf.a f.!rjh yd
md,kh lrkq ,enQfha YS% ,xld ksoyia mlaIh l:d lf,a ishhg oyfha fldia .ekh' ka YS>%fhka yqol,d fjka ;sf' rf iaffj;ajh m%Kduh mqolsug leue;af;'
m%uqL ikaOdk rchkah' tod fuod ;=r f l:d lrkafka ishhg wkqf lmam .ekh' ka ke;s lr ouka wfma fidre jhsk foaY
rf fjk m%Yak rdYshla i|Sug wmg fndlal= yeug ienekau remsh,a ,laIhla n,f.j, .%yKhg yiq we;' wdishdf ud iu tla isk foaYmd,k kdhlhska yd
yels h' tu .uka ufa id:l;ajh i|yd jeh lf<a k .id lE m%udKh ,laI 9 la h' wdYaphh njg m;au flfia fj;;a f,dal ck;dj iu uu whr follska rg ia:djr
odhlug mlaIfha m%Odk f,aljrhd f,i lvj;-flrj,msh wf.S ud.fha lsf,da n,j;=kaf.a wdishdf fmdr msh njg Y%S lsf jevigyk l%shd;aul lrkafk' m<uq
ud yg o wjia:dj ,eu .ek uu w;sYh grhlg iuia;hla f,i remsh,a flda 730 ,xldj m;afjka ;sf' whr k laIKsl .eg i|Su Wfoid jk
i;=gq fj' tu ch.%yKhka w;r Y%S ,xldj" jeh lrkafka k bka .id lk m%udKh re k ishhl lk jevigykhs' ta i\yd k
;u uE; b;sydifha oYl ;=kla ;siafia uqyqK flda 520la muK f' ishhl wka; ld,hla i`oyd cd;sl iu`.s
wm rg ka wj;SK fjka ;sfnkafka
ka nrm;,u iudc foaYmd,k wNsfhda.h jQ ikaOdk wdKavqjla msysgqj' tu jevigyk Y%S
b;sydifha ;SrKd;aul ikaia:dkhlgh'
;%ia;jdoh uq,skqmqgd oeu o jk nj uq fjd foaY rgj,ska Khg .;a uqo,ah' fuu
rg" idufha fi!Nd.Hfha iy ixys`hdf ,xld ksoyia mlaIh" tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh"
uy;a rgu okakd lreKls' fu.d lmam uqo, hkafka lsysmfofkl= w;gh'
f;da;ekakla foig yrjkjdo fkdtfiak cd;sl fy< Wreuh yd fuu jevigyk
wfma ore uqKqmqrka mrmrd .Kkdjlg fuu
mrdNjfha wia:djr;ajfha iy wrdl;ajfha iu tla ug leu;s j;auka md,sfka;=j
tu hqo ch.%yKhg f jk g jir myla Kh f.jd ksu l< fkdyel' tf,i Kh f.jd.
w.dOh foig yrjkjdo hkak ;SrKh jkafka ksfhdackh lrk fiiq foaYmd,k mlaIj,
.; we;s kuq;a fuf;la Y%S ,xldj uqyqK kakg ne jQ g is jkafka rg yd foam< W.i
ienE f,i rgg wdorh lrk Tn ieu wo uyck ksfhda;hkaf.ka o iuka; jk
isk fiiq w;sYh nrm;, iudc" foaYmd,k iskak uhs' tk wfma uyfmd<j yd foafmd ojfia lghq;= lrk wdldrh wkqjh' cd;sl wdKavqjla yryd ls%hd;aul lrkafk'
iy wdl wnqo ch.ekSf udj;g id:lj foaYslhkaf.a w;g m;a uhs' iqoaodf.a
tu cd;sl wdKavqf w.ue;sjrhd f,i j;aauka
msiSug wmg fkdyels h' we;a; jYfhkau ld,fhaa w n,fhka ,nd.;a N+h f ld,fha
Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha m%Odk f,aljrhd jQ mlaI kdhl rks,a l%uisxy ue;s;=udj m;a
is jQfha wkfmalaIs; f,i tu wnqo ;j rg lrk lsysmfofkl=g lmam foaYslfhda
ud fujr ckdm;sjrKhg rf ck;djf.a lrkafk'
;j;a oreKq uhs' u;= jQ fuu kj jvd;a ,nd.kska is;s' fuu uxfld,a,h wuq wuqfu
oreKq wnqo i|d .ekSfuka f;drj wm rgg ish fokdf.au weia bmsg isfjka ;sf' fmd wfmalaIlhd f,i bm;aug ;SrKh
lf<a rg uqyqK we;s fuu jeka; fojkqj ia:djr" m;srEm foaYhla ys lsu
;jrg;a bhg hdug fkdyel' tfy;a uer n,h yuqf ck;djg weia lka
m%Yakj,g b jir lSmh ;=< i` ,nd Wfoid yh wjqre jevigyk k ishhlska miq
mshd f.k kEiq lkaj isug ish' f jkg
ia:djr fi!Nd.Hu;a Y%S ,xldjla ys lsu meje;afjk uy ue;sjrKfhka n,hg m;ajk
kS;sfha wdm;Hh iyuq,skau `o jeu" wm rg wdishdf wdlIh rgla f,i yslr
Wfoidh' wo rgg w;HdjYH foaYmd,k mlaI wdKavqj iu tla l%shd;aul lrkafk' ug
jxpdj" IKh" kdia;sh" cd;sl m%uqL;djka .ekSu fjkqfjka fooyia kjh jif ,ajqKq
w;r iush f.dvkeSu Wfoid uu wem lsis n, ;Kaydjla ke;' ud iska f bgq lrkq
y`kd fkd.ekSu" mir kdYh" iodpdr yd ish cd;sl n,dfmdfrd;a;= helS f.dia we;'
lem fjkafk' m%Odk foaYmd,k mlaI rg ,nkafka rg f.dvkeSu yd rg ia:djrNdjhg
wOHd;al mydksh wd wj.ukhka /ila ;j;a jir yhla f hg rg .uka lf<d;a
f.dvkxjk taldnoaO jevms<sfj,la fjkqfjka m;alsu i|yd ud yg mej we;s fft;sydisl
wo wm rf b .ukg ndOdld f,i u;= uq rgu hg;a ;hla wms wfma ufu
tla lr.; yels fft;sydisl fudfyd; ka ldhNdrhhs' ckdm;s Oqrhg m;a jir
we;' IK yd jxpd ieuod is jQ nj i;Hhls' jyka njg m;ajkq ksielh'
Wod we;' tu NdrOQr l;jHh idlaId;a lr yhla ;=< uu uf.a ldhNdrh imqrd wjika
tfy;a miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=< is jQ IKj,
.ekSu Wfoid ud yd tla isk Y%S ,xld ksoyia lr' bka miq uf.a rdcH md,kh wjika lr
mudKh b;sydifha lsis fkl wikakg wo jk g rf kS;sh lsysmfofkl=f.a kE
mlaIfha ksNS; kdhlhska" idudlhka fukau ia:djr rgla yslsug odhl jQ f.!rjdka;
,e ke;' .f f.df fndalal=j ;ekSf tmdl wkqj kegfjk ;;ajhla ;=< jer yd
tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh" cd;sl fy< Wreuh" kdhlfhl= f,i Y%du hdu uf.a taldhk
isg" wf.S ud." ,s n,d.dr" .=jka fnd<| foaY m%;sm;a;s yd Wml%u fya;=fjka
m%cd;ka;%jd mlaIh we;= ish foaYmd,k m%d:khhs' ta njg uu Tn ieug m%;s{d fo'
f;dgqfmd,j,a ;ekSu wd iEu ugulu Y%S ,xldf m%;srEmh o nrm;, f,i kdY

8 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 9


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m%cd;ka;%jdoh iy;sl lrk
jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla

zjHjia:d ixfYdaOkh md,sfka;=f ;=fkka


folla iys;j iu; lsu i|yd kdhl;ajh
,nd h hq;=j we;af;a ckdm;sjrhd iskah' ud
fujr ckdm;sjrKhg rfu ck;djf.a fmd
wfmalaIlhd f,i bm;a ug ;SrKh lf<a
fuu l;jHh imQK lr,Su i|ydh'Z

1994 isg f olajd wLKavju wm mlaIh iska rgg;a


ck;djg;a fmdfrdka jQ 1978 isg mej;s Odhl ckdm;s
l%uh jHjia:duh jYfhka fjkia lsug wmyg fkdyels
h' jir 20la ;siafia tu wruqK idlaId;a lr.ekSug
fkdyelsu wm ,o n,j;a mrdchls' th ;j rg;a m%udo
l< fkdyelsh'
Odhl ckdm;s l%uh fjkia lsu udyg yelsh' tfukau" tu ixfYdaOkh is fj' tfukau rf ia:djrNdjh" wdrlaIdj ue;sjrK l%uh ixfYdaOkh lsu
lsu i|yd tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ud iu yd iaffj;ajh i|yd we;s bvlv je hqKq
Odhl ckdm;sOqrh fjkia lsug .siq .; we;' ck;d uqla;s fmruqK jkakd jQ ixfYdaOkhla i Bg ydkslr jkakd wfma Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh m%uqL rchg
ckdm;sjrhdg md,sfka;=f iyfhda.h 1994 isgu f ms<sn|j wm mlaIh iu tl jQ lsis ixfYdaOkhla is fkdlrk njg o uu miq.sh jir iai ;=< ksrdlrKh lsug
wjYH f' ta wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ixfYdaOkh we;' cd;sl fy< Wreuh o g iyh olajk iy;sl fj' fkdyels jQ wfkla nrm;, m%Yakhla jkafka
lsf n,h we;af;a md,sfka;=jg jk ksidh' njg .siqulska ud iu tl we;' tu ksid ue;sjrK l%uh fjkia lsuhs' mj;sk
tfia jqjo miq.sh jir iai ;siafiau fuu fiiq mlaI iu o idlPd lr k ishhla tfukau" ue;sjrK l%uh IKhg yd uer l%shdj,g
fjkialu lsug md,sfka;=jg fkdyels we;=<; fuu ixfYdaOkh wksjdhhfhkau is fmd<Ujk m%Odk W,am;ls' ukdm l%uh ksid
h' jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh md,sfka;=f lrkafk' wud;H uKav,fha ixLHdj" ixhq;sh yd ue;sjrKh i|yd w;s Yd, OkialkaOhla
;=fkka folla iys;j iu; lsu i|yd iajNdjh oHd;aul mokul isg is jeh lsug wfmalaIlhka yg isf' uu
kdhl;ajh ,nd h hq;=j we;af;a m%Odk Odhl ckdm;s l%uh fjkia lsu i|yd ud lrkafk' fuh imqrd fjkia lr' tys mrud:h
mlaIfha kdhlhd jQ ckdm;sjrhdh' tys iska miq lr.kq ,nkafka mQcH udjdf jkafka ukdm l%uh wjika lsu yd iEu
ckdm;sjrhdf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka m%Odk mlaI fidaNs; ys m%uqL idOdrK iudchla i|yd jQ wud;HdxY i|yd md,sfka;= ldrl iNd ue;sjrK fldGdihlgu wksjdhhfhkau
jHdmdrh iska we;s lrf.k ;sfnk Odhl l%uh Yla;su;a flf' tla md,sfka;= uka;%Sjrfhl= fyda isk nj
ckdm;s Oqrh wfydais lsu i|yd jQ tl;d
kg mj;sk w;a;fkdau;sl yd mqcH w;=r,sfha r;k ys m%uqL ms;=re ish wud;HdxY i|yd l=i,;d we.hSula
Odhl ckdm;s l%uh fjkqjg iajdkj is lr th md,sfka;= zue;sjrKj, ukdm l%uh
fygla cd;sl iNdj iska imdokh lr we;s
wf;ka lek uKav,h yryd 19 jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOk flgqm;ska bm;a uka;s%kaf.a wlaIKhg hg;a flf' wfydais lr' iEu ue;sjrK
md,sfka;=j yd inkaO jQ lr we;s ckdm;s-w.ue;s jHjia:duh fldGdihlgu wksjdhhfhkau
ikaOdkhla ms<sn| jQ fhdackdh' ;jo" tlai;a m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,lhska yd Tjqkaf.a
Odhlhla iys; wdKavql%u tla md,sfka;= uka;%Sjrfhl=
cd;sl mlaIh iska tu fhdackd i|yd bm;a fyxphshka Tjqka i;= by<ska ,enqKq wkq.%y
jHqyhla ykajd fo' iy foaYmd,k n,h u; jxpd" w,a,ia" ia;%S fyda isk njg iy;sl fj'
lr we;s fjkial o ie,ls,a,g .ks'
IK" kSuej, ksr; u j,ld,Su
kj wdKavql%u jHQyh wksjdhfhkau kg i|yd ishu uyck ksfhda;hska iska iy;sl uhs' fuu jHjia:d ixfYdaOkfha
w;r fuu ixfYdaOkh ms<sn|j tl;djla mj;sk w;a;fkdau;sl Odhl ckdm;s l%uh ms<smeh hq;= phd Ou ix.%yhla kS;s flaj, wdik l%uh yd mrd; wfmalaIlhkaf.a
we;s lr.; hq;=h' ud fujr ckdm;sjrKhg fjkqjg lek uKav,h yryd md,sfka;=j .; flf' uyck ksfhda;hska iska is iudkqmd; Pkaofha ixl,khla Nd;d f'
rfu ck;djf.a fmd wfmalaIlhd f,i yd inkaO jQ Odhlhla iys; wdKavql%u lrkq ,nk whq;= n,mE" wh:d ls%hd yd fuu fhdackdj uska md,sfka;=f ixhq;sh
bm;aug ;SrKh lf<a fuu l;jHh jHqyhla jkq we;' tys ckdm;sjrhd yeis" uyckhd mSvdjg m;a ls" h iuia;hla f,i fjkia fkdjk neka
imQK lr,Su i|ydh' kS;sh bfha wka mqrjeishka yd iudkj jeoa" n,h whq;= f,i fhdod .ekSu" md,sfka;=j ksfhdackh lrk ish foaYmd,k
i,lkq we;' mj;sk wdKavql%u jHjia:df uyck fiajd fkdi<ld yeu yd mlaI.%dyS mlaI tl lr .ekSug ud yg yels jkq
fuu jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh i|yd md,sfka;=f cku; pdrKhlska muKla fjkia l< yels ls%hdldrl je,elaug wjYH mshjr we;' ;jo" fuys wfmalaIlhkaf.a ue;sjrK
jeu wdik ixLHdjla ys Y%S ,xld ksoyia jHjia:d j.ka;sj,g fuu fhda; jHjia:d .kq ,ef' jHdmdr tla ue;sjrK fldGdYhlg muKla
mlaIfha uka;%Sjrekaf.a iyh ,nd.ekSug ixfYdaOkfha w; fkd;nk njg uu iy;sl

14 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 15


iSud jk neka kdia;sh yd .egq wju lsug rdcH fiajh" wdKavqf m%;sm;a;s u;
yels f' m<uq k 100 ;=< isjk wdKavql%u ls%hd;aul jk nj yd wmlaImd;Sj ls%hd
jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhg fuu fhdaackdj o lrk nj ;yjqre lsu i|yd rdcH fiajh 18 jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh
we;=<;a lr' yd fmd,Sish i|yd ksfoaYmd,ksl l=i,;d wfydais lr ta fjkqjg kj
mokula ykajd fokafk' jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla u.ska
hymd,kh wlaIKh lsu i|yd
hdka;%Khla wlrK" fmd,Sish" ue;sjrK"
wlrKfha iajdk;ajh iy;sl lsu
i|yd wlrK fldiu ia:dms; .Kk yd kS;sm;s jeks
2010 jika miq jljdkqf wmf.a Y%S ,xld
ksoyia mlaI rchg t,a, jQ m%Odk;u lrkafk' tuska ksiqrka m;alsu yd wdh;kj, wmCImd;s;ajh
fpdaokdjla jkafka w,a,ia yd IKh ms<sn| Wiia lsu fcHIaG;ajh yd l=i,;dj u; wdrCId lsu msKsi iajdk
.egjhs' rf hymd,kh ms<sn| jd;djrKh islrkq we;'
fldIka iNd ia:dms; lr'Z
msySug n,mE m%Odk;u fya;=j jkafka 18
jeks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhhs' uiska ckdm;s hqla;sh mi|,Sf l%ufoh Yla;su;a
m<uq k ishh we;=<; is lrk wdKavq lrkq jia kvq lghq;= m%udou je,elu ;dlaIKsl" l<ukdlrK yd uq,H IK
l%u jHjia:d ixfYdAOkfha m%Odk wx.hla i|yd .;hq;= ldh mmdl ixfYdaOk fih yels iy tajdg o`vqj ,ndosh yels"
jkafka fuu 18 jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh yd wjYH udkj yd fy!;sl im;a ksis foaYmd,k we`.s,s .eiS ke;s n,.;= IK
wfydais lsuhs' m ,ndug lghq;= lr' uOk fldiula jHdjia:dfjka we;s lr'
ta fjkqjg" tu.ska rg mqrd ms<sldjla f,i me;sr we;s
ish ;rd;srj, mqoa.,hkaf.a fkdukd IKh re lr msis md,khla we;s lr'
kj jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla uska wlrK" l%shd ksid rg ;=< weoysh fkdyels
fmd,Sish" ue;sjrK" .Kk yd kS;sm;s mudKfhka jOkh we;s orejka yd ixjOk lghq;=j, ish f;dr;=re ck;djg
jeks wdh;kj, wmCImd;s;ajh wdrCI ldka;djka f.dre jk wmpdr j,lajd,Sug k.; yels f;dr;=re k.ekSf mk;la o
lsu msKsi iajdk fldIka iNd ia:dms; Wmu l%shdud. .kakd w;r Bg wod, f.k t'
lr' kvq Nd. b;d fl l,l wjika
lsug wjYH myiql ,nd fokafk' mqrjeis iyNd.s;ajh jOkh lrka wdl"
w,a,ia yd IK ms<sn| fldiu ;jrg;a tu`.ska <ud yd ldka;d IK iyuq,skau idudh" hymd,k yd udkj ysl lafI;% j,
Yla;su;a iy ls%hdYS,S lrka th kj;d,Sug lghq;= lrkafk' mqrjeis ixOdk j, l%shdldrl j,g we;s
wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka ms<s.;a iajdk ndOl bj;a lrkafk' oekgu;a wdKavql%u
wdh;khla njg m;a lrkafk' Ys% ,xldj ue;sjrK wfmalaIlhska iska rdcH n,h" jHjia:df ms<sf.k we;s udkj ysl
o w;aika lr we;s tlai;a cd;Skaf.a IK Ok n,h" udOH n,h whq;= f,i fhdod wdrlaId lr.kska mqrjeis whs;sjdisl
frda m%{ma;shg wkql+, jk fia IK .ekSu iyuq,ska md,kh lsu i|yd ;jrg;a Yla;su;a lsug mshjr .efka'
j,lajd,k jHqyhka Yla;su;a lsug ue;sjrK fldiu ia:dms; lrkafk'
lghq;= lrkq we;'

16 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla


02'
rg kxjk
wdlhla

hqKq rgj,ska wer uq uy;a f,dalh mqrd f jkg


me;s hk wdl wnqoh" f,dj uqyqK we;s iudc"
wdl" mdil yd ixialD;sl wnqofha tla me;slvls'
th fl ld,Sk fkdj .=ld,Sk wnqohls' fuu wnqohka
ygf.k we;af;a ffu;%sh fjkqjg ffjrh;a ue ms<sfj;
fjkqjg lduiqL,a,sldkq fhda.h;a iS; f,dalhl wiS;
jOkhla ,nd.ekSug jEh lsu;a fidndoyu iu
iyjkh fjkqjg wm;s;ajh ug jEh lsu;a
hk jer ms<sfj;a ksidh' wjdikdjlg fuka wfma
rf wdlh yiqrjk lsysmfokd jEh lrkafka o f
w.;s.d .uka u Tiafia f.fhka fmrg .uka lsughs'

ta wkqj uE; ld,fha wm rf h;a lrk ,o wdYaphhka


b,lal lr .;a iq" uOHu yd uyd mudK jHdmD;s
ish,a,u rg nrm;, wdl jHikhla olajd le|jdf.k
f.dia we;' ixjOkfha m%;s,dN f,i wo rf ck;djg
fmfkkakg we;af;a rg Kh W.=,l ysr lrjd ,nd.;a
uq uqo,ska oyfhka mx.=jlg;a wvq m%udKhl m%;sM,hhss'
tk" miq.sh jir oyh ;=< is jQ ixjOkh fuka oi
.=Khl ixjOkhla .;a Kh m%udKhg wkqj rg ;=<
is h hq;=j ;sKs' isj we;s fidp ixjOkh;a
isjQfha Kh wdmiq f.ug yelsjk uKav,fha ksfoaY u; Ok l=frhkaf.a o w:idOl wruqo,a jxpdld f,i udisl wka; ukdjla ,ndfokq ,ef'
wdldrfha jHdmD;sj,ska fkdf' tfia jQfha fkdj la |sk .S mam;a ck;djf.a wdfhdackh lsu o ms<sn| wh:d .kqfokq ;jo nexl= yd uQ,H lafIa;%fha fiajlhka
rf wjYH;dj wkqj fkdj lsysmfofkl=f.a jk ;;ajh ienE f,iu kxjd,k fif fYaI jevms<sfj,la imdokh yg ms<s.; yels Y%du jegqmla ,ndug
Wjukdj wkqj ixjOkfha m%uqL;d ieliS jevms<sfj,la b jir yh ;=< f flf' ish,a,kag thg meKs,s bm;a lghq;= lrkafk' fcHIaG mqrjeishkaf.a
;snQ ksidh' uyfmd<f l%shdjg kxjkafk' l< yels w;r" tajd Nd. lr iqiq m ia:djr ;ekam;=j, m<uq ,laI 10 i|yd
o`vqj oSu i|yd wlrKhlg fhduq f.jkq ,nk fmd,sh 15] la olajd by<
rdcH Kh ms<sn| ienE ;;a;ajh rgg
lrkq we;'
fy<sor lrkafk' tuska rdcH Kh
rf is jQ fu.d IKh kj;d,Su udisl iuDoa ukdj Wmu
.ekS yd l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| is jk nka mSvd |sk ck;dj bka f.dv
uska muKla miq.sh jir yh we;s wl%l;d ksjer flfrkq we;' .ekSu i|yd w;HdjYH wdydr jH 10 l jYfhka fo.=Khlskao rcfha
;siafia is jQ ixjOkh fuka oi tfukau" rdcH Kh nr ieye,a lsu , .Kka my; fy<Su i|yd f.= n fiajlhkaf.a jegqm re'10"000$-
.=Khl ixjOkhla rgg ,ndug i|yd lk mshjr .efka' ,sys,a lrkafk' tuska w;HdjYH wdydr lska o je lr' Y%dlhkaf.a
lghq;= lrkafk'Z jHj, < CIKslj my; jefgkq we;'
Y%S ,xldj rdcH Kh nr je" Kh wdmiq jegqma Iu;d bj;a lrk f;la
f.u yd rdcH wdodhu w;r Nhdkl remsh,a 3"500$- l udisl wka;
iudcfha jvd;au Ialrj j;ajk ck;dj
wkqmd;hla we;s rgls' rdcH foafmd<
tneka" i|yd jk udisl iuDoa ukdj kg ukdjla ,ef'
fkdlsKSf rdcH m%;sm;a;sh w.h lrk
,efnk m%udKh fuka Wmu jYfhka
w;ru Y%S ,xldf wdl wdrlaIdjg
rf isjQ fu.d IKh yd kdia;sh fo.=Khlska je lr Tjqkf.a wdl oef' wdl w.ys`.l j,ska fmf<k
;ckhla jk f,i foia rdcHhka
kj;d,Su uska muKla miq.sh jir yh ixjOkhg wjYH u;a wx. imQK mam;a fcHIaG mqrjeishka i`oyd rch
fyda iud. iska" Wmdhud.sl ia:dk
;siafia is jQ ixjOkh fuka oi .=Khl jevms<sfj,la ck ih jevigykg u`.ska ,nd fok udisl ukdj remsh,a
w;am;a lr .ekSu o j,laj' wdfhdack
muK ixjOkhla rgg ,ndug;a wkqrEm jk f,i h;a lrkafk' 1"500 lska je flf'
Odx.SlrKh yd tla rgl wdfhdack
ck;djg iyk ,ndug;a lghq;= u; iyuq,ska /` fkdisu uska yd m%;s
lrkafk' Kh nka neg lk ck;djf.a laIKsl ysig fijkla fkdue;sj j;a jk ,CI
wdfhdackhka u`.ska o cd;Hka;r m%ydr
iykh i|yd rcfha fiajlhkaf.a jegqm .Kkla jQ ck;djg ksjdi ,ndf
je<elaug Y%S ,xldf wdlh iQodk
Tfjka isg.;a ixjOkfha m%uqL;d re'10"000$- lska je lr' tu jegqma lk jevigykla jydu wdrN
lrkafk'
fomhska isgug uu lghq;= lr' jOkfha m<uq fldgi f,i re' 5"000$- lrkafk'
kdia;sldr jev ish,a, w;aysgjd rf uE; ld,fha is jQ fu.d jHdmD;s ish,a, 2015 fmnrjd ui isg f.ug lghq;=
iajdNdl yd udkj im;a u; mok jQ kej; we.ehSulg ,la lrkafk' lr' hqoaOfha jekaoUq jQ ish ck fldgiaj,
ienE ;sridr wdl ixjOkhla b,lal tys is jQ ;dlaIKsl jxpdjkaj,g ldka;djkag yd Tjqkaf.a hefmkakkag
lr.;a jevms<sfj,la ilia lsu Wfoid" j.lsjhq;a;kag ;rd;sru fkdn,d o`vqj fcHIaG mqrjeishkag o ksis f.!rjh ,nd fYaI /ljrK l%uhla ykajd
uqo,g fkdj rgg ienE f,iu wdorh ,nd fokafk' rg mqrd is jk f,dl=- fo' Y%dlhkaf.a jegqma Iu;d bj;a fokak=fk'
lrk oaj;=ka we;=<;a cd;sl wdl l=vd ixjOk ls%hdjka o" wdh;kj, lrk f;la Tjqkag remsh,a 3"500$-l
ie,iq uKav,hla ia:dms; lrkafk' tu , .ekS yd fjk;a .kqfokq wdh

20 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 21


03'
iodpdr imkak
iudchla

u;a jH" u;ameka yd is.r Wjfrka rg uqojd .ekSu

wfma rf ck;dj" fYaIfhka mqreI mCIh" cd;s wd. fNaohlska


f;drj u;a jH" u;ameka yd is.rj,g Nhdkl f,i f.dre
is;s' .Slu r,Su i|yd wdKavqj iska ho lrkq ,nk iuDoah"
ke.=u jeks iudc iykdOdr jHdmD;sj,g jvd oy .=Khlg;a
je uqo,la wfma ck;dj u;ameka" u;ajH yd is.r i`oyd ho
lr;s' rg mqrd uyd mudKfhka u;al=vq Wjr me;sr hoa" tajdg
inkaO njg meye,s fpdaokd ;sfnk foaYmd,lhka wdrlaaId lsf
Iu jevms<sfj,la ls%hd;aul h' ;ukaf.a .c ;=rkag fyfrdhska
myiqfjka fnod yeu msKsi Tjqkaf.a ;r`.lrejka muKla uOkh
lrkq ,eh' uyskao ka;kfha zu;g ;s;Z m%;sm;a;sh mfil,d
t;fkda,a" fu;fkda,a wd jHdmdr rc lrkakg h' u;g f.dre
wfma ckhd wmdla oa t;fkda,a l,a,s" u;ajH l,a,s foaYmd,khg
le`ojd .kq ,e h' fuu u;ajH yd u;ameka jHdmdlhkag ikaOdk
wdKavqf lek weu;s Oqr yd fjk;a weu;s Oqr o ,nd fokq ,eKs'
wo lsis M, m%fhdackhla ke;s foaYmd,k m%pdrl jHdmdr rg mqrdu
l%shd;aul lrkafka f l=vqj,ska u;amekaj,ska yn lr.;a m%flda
.Kka jQ uqof,ka fidpula jeh lrks'
jirlg ms<sld frda.fhka wfma ck;dj 15"000 iud.j, mohg cd;sh mdjd fokq ,eu ;=ka ksldfhau uydkdhl ysjrekaf.a cd;sl uKav, ia:dms; lrkafk' tu
fofklaa hh;s' thska o uqL yd fmky fya;=fjka wlrKfha nxl= u; ys`o ld,h frdaO;d yd md,sfka;=j yd wud;H uKav,j,g wd.l ia:dk wdY%s; .eg
ms<sld m%uqLh' thg m%Odk fya;=jla jkafka urka l mqrjd.;a oEiska n,d isug uKav,fha we;e ;SrKj,g mgyeksj ms<sn| uYkh lr wjika ks.uk
wl mdkhhs' tu.ska Tjqyq ;j ;j;a ud yg ish' t;eka isg jdIslj fi!LH Wmdhud.sl mk; hgf;a wm%udK n ,ndu i|yd n,h mejf' m%dfoaYSh
.Snjg m;a fj;s' mjq,a wjq,a f' orejka wud;HdxYhg ys h hq;= jdIsl uqo,a iyk foka ,ndka zzfjdag *arkaZZ uKav,j, ksrdlrKh fkdjk .eg
kq.;=ka njg m;af' t;ek f.dvkefkafka m%;smdok uqo,a wud;HdxYh;a uyd NdKAvd. yd zzf,ala f,IZZ leisfkda n,m;% fol ms<sn| wjika ;SrKh cd;sl uKav,h
.sSlf" ld,lkakslf" frda.Slf hre drh;a ixOdkd;aul f,i lmamd lrk jydu wj,x.= lr' fj; mejf'
Iu pl%hls' fuu fockl ;;ajfhka rg ,' iudch jkik fuu jHdmdrj,g rdcH
Wmdhud.sl mk; iu; jQ od isg kS;s frda f,i ;u ksjdi yd bv
uqojd .ekSu i|yd jQ fft;sydisl wjia:dj wkq.%yh ,enqKq hq.h ud ckdm;s njg
tlS n iyk ,nd we;s jHdmD;s j,ska O fya;= u; bj;a l<d jQ ish
WodjQfha hqo ch.%yfhka miq 2010 jifh' m;au;a iu imqrd wjika jkq we;'
wOHhkh lr wu;a" jxpdld jHdmD;s mqrjeishkag iyk i,ikafk' fld<U
Wmdhud.sl ;;ajfhka bj;a lr' k.rfha ksjdi yd bv wys lrk ,o
u;ajHj,g weneys jQjkag ta wkqj" ck;djf.a tu foafmd< h,s ;lafiare
ixialD;sl yd wd.l ksoyi yd lr tajdyS jkdlu kg f.jk ksjdi
iqfYaIS mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dk' ixys|shdj
u;al=vq cdjdrlrejka uev,Su i|yd Kh uqo,ska wvq lrkafk' j;=lrfha
je weiqrej, rEmuh wjjdo cd;sl T;a;= fiajh" fYaI ldh n,ldh" ck;dj kg j;a jk Ialr z,hska
80] olajd by<g' furg ish ck fldgiaj,g Y%S ,dxlsl
YS% ,xld f.=j" wka;rdodhl T!IO ldurZ ;fhka uqojd f.k Tjqkag bv
wkkH;dj ms<s.kska ;u ixialD;sh"
md,k wldh wdh taldnoaO lr fYaI whs;sh o iu. ienE ksjil ysldr;ajh
NdIdj yd wd.u jOkh lsug yd iqrlaIs;
n,ldhla ia:dms; lrkafk' ,ndfokafk'
tfy;a" wjdikdjlg wmg ta wk> l;jHh lsug we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lr' iEu ck
is lsug fkdyels h' uyskao rdcmlaI fldgilgu wdKavqf wdh;khkays ksis ;jo wd.l ksoyig ndOd jk whqka
uy;df.a wroYS w;a;fkdau;sl l%shdl,dmh ish u;ajH cdjdrlrejkaf.a k . ksfhdack;ajh ,efnk njg iy;sl fj' rdcH kdhlhdf.a mjqf,a fufyhfuka uE;
ksid uq uy;a lek uKav,h;a Y%S ,xld fy<sor lrkafk'
ld,fha is l< yd isjQ w;a;fkdau;sl l%shd"
ksoyia mlaIfha idudlhkq;a wirK jQy' wka;jd wd.l l,a,sj, l%shdld;ajh rgg;a wd.ug;a nrm;, wjudkhla f.k
f.= n fkdf.jd islrk t;fkda,a ksid rg ;=< wd.l fkdikaiqkal jOkh fokq ,eh' tu ;;ajh jydu fjkia lsu
uyd ix>r;akfha uQ,sl;ajfhka u;ajH yd cdjdru uokh lrkq ,nk w;r" fjka mj;S' fuu ;;ajh ;=< wka;jd Wfoid lk mshjr .kafk'
is.r md,kh lsu i`oyd mk;la f.fkkq ;rd;sru fkdn,d o`vqj ,ndug lKavdh wfkHdkHjYfhka fmdaIKh fjka
,j u;ajH kshduk wldhla msysgjkq jevms<sfj,la ilikafk' ish jevlghq;= jHdma; lrka is;s' ta wkqj
,enq kuq;a th ls%hd;aul lsug rg ;=< fuu ;;ajh md,kh lr.ekSu i|yd"
n,meje;ajQ wd{dodhl;ajh bv ;enqf u;ajHj,g weneys jQjka .,jd .ekSu ish wd.j, ck;djg ;ukaf.a wd.l
ke;' udf.a uey;a fuka md,sfka;=j i|yd iqfYaIS mqkre;a;dmk uOHia:dk ish wd.j, wka;jd msiaj,g bvlv weoys,s i|yd we;s ksoyi iy;sl
iska wkqu; lrk ,o is.r melgqj, ia:dms; lsug lghq;= lrkafk' fkd,efnk m wd.l iyjkh lrkafk'
80] rEmuh wjjdo f fr.=,dish jir fjkqfjka l%shdlrk yd wka;jdohg
folla mud lrkq ,eh' ms<sld frday,aj, je weiqrej, rEmuh wjjdo 80] tfrysj Rcqj l%shdlrk wd.l YS% o<od ud<s.dj we;= mQckSh ia:dk
ksiqka oyla | h hoaoS ngysr is.r olajd jelsug lghq;= lrkafk' kdhlhskaf.ka iuka; jk m%dfoaYSh yd wdYs%;j mj;ajdf.k hk iqrdie,a tu

24 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 25


ia:dkj,ska jydu bj;a lrk w;r tu yels jk jd;djrKhla f.dvkexug uu
mQcdN+ wjg ld fia meje;au jydu lghq;= lrkafk' tuska .egqld iudc
;yk lrkafk' jd;djrKfhka iudch uqojd.ekSu Wfoid
l,dlrejkaf.a Wmu odhl;ajh ,nd.
fhda; fn!oaO ydr yd foajd,. mkf;a kafk'
ixfYdaOk uy kdysmdKka jykafia,df.a
wjjdo wkqYdikd" u fmka yd ta i|yd
wkque;sh u; is lrkafk'
mydkshg m;afjka ;sfnk cd;sl
idm%odhsl msfjka wOHdmkh ixjOkh ixialD;sl jkdl yd hym;a l,d
lsu iy oy .=rejreka mqyqKq lsu rikaokh h<ss ia:dms; lsu yd idrOu
i|yd jevigykla wdrN lrkafk' ms iudchla ys lsf wruqfKka"
msfjka wOHdmkh cd;Hka;r ugug rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ish wdh;kj,g
by< kexu Wfoid cd;Hka;r fn!oaO udf.damfoaYkh ,ndug n,h
Yaj oHd,hla we;s lsug wjYH miqu we;s iajdk oaj;=kaf.ka ie ,;a
ilia lrkafk' hdka;%khla ia:dms; lrkafk'

i;a;aj ysxikh je,elau i|yd kS;s ish l,dlrejkaf.a iajdk;ajhg


jydu iu; lrkafk' .relrka Tjqkf.a l,d yd ksudK
yelshdj Tm kexfjk m rdcH yd
l,d iy ixialD;sl m%jOkh mqoa.,sl wxYfha odhl;ajh ;yjqre
lrka fN!;sl yd uQ,H im;a ,nd
rg fN!;sl yd ;dlaIKsl jYfhka fokafk'
ixjOkh jk g l,d yd ixialD;sl
ixjOkhla isu o w;HdjYH f' ta il,O fi!kaoh oyrdjkays rdcH
i|yd fmruqK .ekSug isk l,dlrejka ms,s.ekSu yd we.hSu ;yjqre lr
f jk g wirKNdjh m;a uqo,d,s,df.a l,dlrejkaf.a nqoauh foam, whs;sh
yd jeka; jdKsc jHdmdrj, wNsu;d:hka ;yjqre lsug mshjr .kafk'
bgq lr,ka ck;dj rjgk kdkdO ka
m%pdrl jHdmdrj, fufylrejka njg m;a l,d fCIa;%h i|yd rdcH m%;sm;a;shla
ish m%;sNdj iudc w.;sh i|yd fhdojd imdok lr uq uy;a iudch ;=< O
we;' tneka l,dlrejka fuu ;;a;ajfhka wdh;k yryd l,d rikaok Yla;Ska Tm
uqojdf.k ck;djg ienE fufyhla bgql< kexug wjYH miqu ilia lrkafk'

26 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla


04'
iqrlaIs; wdydr yd
;sridr f.d;ek

wdydr yd f.d;ek

wo jk g rg iy,ska iajhxfmdaIs; jqj o wmf.a f.d;ek iyuq,ska


mrdh;a; jQjls' f;,a iy fmdfydr wl m%udKhla fhug isj
we;s w;r f.d;ek iyuq,skau foaYSh iud. u; hemSug is
we;sjd muKla fkdj ta ;=<ska nrm;< .eg rdYshla o cks; lr
we;' rfgys uqo,a msgrg we hkjd muKla fkdj jd;h" c,h iy
mi IKh u ksid ksiqka nrm;< frda.dndOhkag ,laj we;' wfma
f.d wdlfha yoj; n rcrg" fYaIfhka uyje,s l,dmj,
f.d f.,sfhda kg oYl foll isg udrdka;sl jl=.vq frda.
hlska fmf<;s' f,dal fi!LH ixOdkh yd YS% ,dxlsl oaj;=ka fuhg
fya;=j f,i fidhd .kq ,enqf m%;shlska f;dr fmdfydr yd lDIs
ridhk iu m%foaYfha lsjq, iys; j;=r Y%u njhs'

uqo,g .kq ,enq we;e oHd{hka fhdod .kska" lDIs ridhk


iud. O ixjd u; m%ldY lroa" I iys; lDIs ridhk yd
fmdfydr md,kh lsu i|yd lek wkq lgqj" ks,Od lgqj yd
f,dal fi!LH ixOdkfha WmfoaYlhkq;a ksfoaY lr ;sKs' tfy;a
n,.;= woDIHudk yia;hla iska tajd ls%hd;aul u k;r lrkq
,e h' rcrg wfma f.d ck;dj ,laI folla h hka ish"
wdKavqf kdhlhska th j,ld,Su i|yd lsis oekqu yd YlH;dj je hqKq lsu i|yd;a l=vd je kv;a;= lsu yd md,kh tu kj l%u ixjOkh yd m%p,s; lsu i|yd
mshjrla fkd.ekSu wmf.a ys;a lmd lrkq c j, taldldrh iud.j,g hg lsug moaO;sh md,kh lrk tallfha j.lSula jevms<sfj,la fhdokafk'
,e h' ksiqkaf.a jl=.vq urkq ,nk wdiksla" bv fkdu i|yd;a wjYH rdcH uey;a jk w;r rch uska thg wjYH myiql
leh wka;.; lDkdYl yd fmdfydr yd wdfhdackhka je lrkafk' ie,iSu Wfoid lghq;= fhdokafk' mrdk f.d;ekska rg ksoyia lr.ekSu
fnod ykakg bvyer" jl=.vq frda.Skag ish f.d Kh 50] lska lmd yer f.ug i|yd fidnd oyug tl" foaYSh im;a
fnfy;a .ekSug uqo,a ,nd ug fmdfrdka we;s b;s uqo, kej; iudf,dapkh lr u; mok jQ ;srir f.d m%;sm;a;shla
ldnksl fmdfydr fhdod.ekSu yd ridhk
u ;r idyisl jxpdjla ud ;j;a l ke;' f.ug iyk ld,hla ,ndu' imdokh lsug wjYH miqu ilia
fkdjk lDIsluh i|yd o fmdfydr
iykdOdrhg wkqrEm jk m fYaI lrkafk'
f.d Y%du jegqm" jk ugug .e,fmk
jl=.vq frda.hg wod, lDIs ridhk iykdOdr l%uhla we;s lrkafk' foaYSh
m je lrkafk'
YdL idr Nd;fhka m,sfndaO md,k oshr N+.; c, ix; mj;ajdf.k hdu
f.kau ;yk' f.d Y%du jegqm" fyda l=vq ksIAmdokh lsu i|yd rdcH
f.dkag j.d ydkS rCIKdjrKhla rcfha i|yd uOH llrfha c, fmdaIl m%foaY
jk ugug .e,fmk m je wkq.%yh ,nd fokafk' ridhksl fmdfydr ixrlaIKh lsug m%uqL;dj ,ndfokafk'
odhl;ajh o we;=j ,ndu'
flf' lDIs ksIamdok i|yd iy;sl yd lDIs ridhk Nd;h l%udkql+,j bj;a
lsu i|yd ld, rduqjla ilia lsu i|yd
<la' f.d;eka i|yd iq f.dkag lghq;= fhdokafk'
ls f.dkag ls ,Sgrhlg kg f.jk fidndoyu /l.ekSu
bv yd j;=r' remsh,a 60 l iy;sl , remsh,a 10 lska
jkdka;r iy jk i;=ka wdrlaId lsu
je lsu'
mirhg ydkslr ixjOk lghq;= i|yd i|yd jk kdYh je,elau yd ixf
w;a;fkdau;sl f,i foaYSh iud. j,g mir moaO;s /l.ekSu i|yd ;rd;sru
ms<sld yd yDo frda. jeks nrm;< frda. rg lDIs ksIamdok i|yd iy;sl <la ,ndug
bv mej w;aysgqjd f.d;eka lghq;= fkdn,d ish mir kS;s ls%hd;aul lsug
mqrd w;sYh iq,N ug fuu ji i n,md we;s iqiq l%ufohla ilia lr' Bg wkqrEmj
i|yd iq f.dkag bv myrKh lsug wjYH miqu ilia lrkafk' tys .%dh
nj wkdjrKh fjka mj;S' rcrg udf.a f.d lsf,dajlg remsh,a 50$- l yd w;dm,a
wjia:dj ,nd u Wfoid cd;sl bv ms<sn| m%cdjf.a im%odhsl jfkdamdhg w.;shla
orejka f.a ; fjkqfjka igka lrkakg ud lsf,dajlg remsh,a 80$- l iy;sl <la
fldIka iNdjla m;a lrkafk' fkdjk m jk ixrlaIKh ms<sn|
fm<Uqfka ta ksid h' kshu lrkafk'
meye,s m%;sm;a;shla we;s fldg l%shd;aul
tu ksid" lrkq ,ef'
uyd jeiAfika jefgk c,h iqrlaIs; lr wiajkq" f.dhdf.a isg mdfNda.slhd fj;
.ekSug o foaY.=Ksl mhdig uqyqKug meKsf u;= we;s Iu;d re lsu wm rf ixrCIs; l,dm f,i kS;sfhka
jl=.vq frda.hg wod<j fy<sor jQ lDIs
o Wmld jk m weys we;s jd moaO;s f.d;ek /l.ekSf w;HdjYH idOlhla kshu lr we;s N+ Nd. wdrCId lr .ekSu
ridhk f.kau yd fnodyeu jydu
h<s m%;sixialrKh lsu yd f.dv we;s jk neka fj<|fmd, hdka;%Kh ;jrg;a yd tajdfha udhsj, iqrCIs;nj ms<sn|j
;yk lrkafk'
jej, frdka uv bj;a lsug wjYH lghq;= Yla;su;a lsf kj Wml%u ykajd j.n,d .ekSu i|yd lghq;= lrkafk'
wdrN lrkafk' fokafk'
Y%S ,xldj f,dalfha ffcj O;ajfhka
jeu rgla jk neka wmf.a mir mdil jYfhka jkd yd kg kdYf
yis cd;sl wjYH;djla fia i,ld" hdmk rgg yd f.dhdg .e,fmk lDIs wiajkq ;ckhg uqyqK md we;s l,dm ;jrg;a
moaO;shg W; iajNdl f.d;ekg u
wOoamh m%uqL W;=re m<d; i|yd lDIs ieliSu" lDIs ksIamdok i|yd w.h tl;= ykdf.k tajd wdrCId lsu i|yd wjYH
mdok mdrml c h<s jHdma; lsu yd
jd fhdackd l%uhg moku f' lsu" .nvd lsu yd m%jdykh lsu ms<sn| mshjr .kafk'
u i|yd;a lDIs ;dlaIKsl wdh;kj,

30 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 31


kg ydks is we;s fyda kdYf we;s fldg l%shd;aul lrkafk' fuys
wjodkug uqyqK we;s mdil jYfhka fjk m%Yakhla njg m;aj we;s jk
jkd l,dm f,dj mj;sk kk;u w,s ;ck l<ukdlrKh i|yd fYaI
oHd;aul kqu Wmfhda.S lr f.k kej; jevms<sfj,la ielfia'
m%;sIaGdmkh lsug mshjr .kafk'
kQ;k mir .egj,g uqyqK ug yelsjk
i;aj yd jDCI ,;d wd{d mk; fkdhj yd cd;sl mir m%;sm;a;shla imdokh
mCI.%dyS nka f;drj f,i l%shd;aul lrkafk' foaY.=Ksl mhdih ksid
lsug lghq;= lrkafk' isjk kshh" ,e.sks" .xj;=r" kdh hE"
iq<s iq<x" l=Kdgq" iy iuq Ldokh wd
ixjOk jev igykaj, ixl,ams;
O jQ wdmod iy wk;=re wju lsf
wjfhau mdil n,mE ms<sn| uQ,sl
jevigyka l%shd;aul flf'
we.hSula wksjdh lsu'

mdil jYfhka jkd yd kg kdYf wk;=re wjulr .eksf l%fudamdhka


;ckhg uqyqK md we;s l,dm ;jrg;a ksudKh fldg l%shd;aul lsu i|yd
ykdf.k tajd wdrlaId lsu i|yd wjYH wod< ksfhda; wdh;k iu M,odhs
mshjr .kafk' in|;djhla mj;ajdf.k hEug yelsjk
m iEu m%dfoaYsh f,al ldhd,hlu
jk kaf.ka .%dh m%cdjkag t,a,jk wdmod l<ukdlrK uOHia:dk u;a f,i
;ck je,elau ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla ia:dms; lrkafk'

32 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla


05'
ieug
iqj fi;

wjYH ishu fnfy;a iy mlaId wvqmdvqjlska


f;drj Bg .e,mk rcfha wdh;k j,ska' ngysr"
fmr. yd foaYSh ffjoH l%u inkalrKh
lr taldnoaO rcfha fiajdjla' orefjl= m%iQ;
lrk iEu ujlgu fmdaIHodhS wdydr f,la
,nd .ekSu i|yd remsh,a 20"000$- l ukdjla'

ksoyfika miq iufha rf l%shd;aul jQ rgg .e,fmk


fi!LH m%;sm;a;sh ksid iudk wdl miqula we;s
rgj,a yd ieif Y%S ,xldj fi!LHh inkaOfhka
idfmaCIj fyd`o ugul is' tfia kuq;a wo ck;djf.a
frda.S ;;a;ajh yd fi!LHh fCIA;%hkays we;s .eg .ek
i,ld n,k g tu ;;a;ajh b;d iS>%fhka msfyka
mj;sk nj fmfka'
tu ksid" lrkafk' tfukau rcfha frday,aj, l%u Nd;d lsf fYaI jevms<sfj,la iudc.; lsug yelsjkq msKsi wdhqfo
ie;al i|yd fmdfrd;a;= f,aLkj, isk h;a lrkafk' tys kj f,dalfha m%cd ffjoH fi!LH fiajh ffk;slj i
whjefhka ksoyia fi!LH i|yd kg ishu frda.Skaf.a ie;al ksu lsf wNsfhda.hkag uqyqKug yels jk m n, .ekaug lghq;= flf'
fjka lr we;s 1'8] la muK jk uqo, 3] lk jevms<sfj,la ls%hd;aul lrk wdhqfofha kj msulg wjYH ksis
olajd by< u wdrN lrkafk' w;r rcfha frday,aj, ndysr m%;sldr jevms<sfj,la lafIa;%fha m%Khkaf.a ish ngysr" fmr. yd foaYSh ffjoH
wxYh rd;S% 10'00 olajd jD; lr ;eug uQ,sl;ajfhka imdokh lrkafk' l%u ukd f,i inkalrKh lr
rf iEu mqrjeisfhl=gu ksfrda.S hlg mshjr .kafk' taldnoaO fiajdjla ck;djg iemhSug
miqu ieliSu i|yd wx. imQK cd;sl fi!LH m%;sm;a;sh ;=< wdhqfo wjYH mshjr .kafk'
wdydr f,la ,nd.eksug wjYH miqu nyqcd;sl iud.j, ish l=uka;%K
ffjoH l%ufha ldhNdrh inkaOfhka jQ
ilia lrkafk' tys ukao fmdaIKh mrdch lr" w;=reoyka l< rdcH inqoal Y%S ,xldjg wdfKsl O foaYsh ffjoH
ckdm;s ldh idOl n,ldfha ksfoaY
yd wO ukao fmdaIKh re lsu i|yd T!IO mk; lkka iu; lrkafk' l%u ms<sn| fYaI{ ffjoHjreka
l%shd;aul lsu ckm;sjrhdg j.lshk
wdydr ,eu iy;sl lsug wu;rj yslsug yels jk mos foaYSh ffjoH
fufyhq lgqjla m;a lrkafk'
hym;a jk phdjkaf.a meje;au" ksis fvx.= ure Wjr ;=rka lsu i|yd l%u ms<sn| mYapd;a Wmd wdh;khla
Ydl jHdhdu" ukd udkisl m%;sldr iy kg f,dj fidhdf.k we;s by<u msysgqug lghq;= lrkafk'
ld,Sk wjYH;djg .e,fmk m
hym;a mirh iy;sl lsu wd wx. ;dlaIKsl l%u lkka ,nd .ekSug
kj wdhqfo mk;la yd wdhqfo frda.Skag ord.; fkdyels ugug T!IO
fj; o wjOdkh fhduq lrjkafk' mshjr .kafk'
T!IO ,jqka iy WmlrK kshduhkh , by< f.dia we;s neka Y%S ,xldj
inkaOfhka mk;la iu; lr ;=< foaYSh yd ngysr T!IO myiq ,g
frda. ksjdrKh fi!LH lafI;%fha m%uqL orefjl= m%iQ; lrk iEu ujlgu
l%shd;aul lrkafk' ,nd.eksug yd ksIamdokhg yels jk
ldhh f,i uu i,l' tu ksid frda. fmdaIHodhS wdydr f,la ,nd .ekSu
i|yd remsh,a 20"000$- l ukdjla ore m T!IO jH wdh;khla we;s lsug
we;su wju lrk mq,a yd u;a
wdhqfoh yd foaYsh ffjoH l%uhg wod< yd tajd i|yd wh lrk n uqo,a ,sys,a
jevms<sfj,la ilia lrkafk' Wmf;a ,nd fokafk'
fi!LH ixrlaIK l%u jvd;a m%dfhda.slj lsug lghq;= flf'
fi!LH fiajh wkd.;h fjkqfjka wdydr" rEm,djkH NdKav yd fiajd" T!IO
lrk wdfhdackhla jk neka rcfha wd ish mdfNda.sl NdKav kshdukh
m%d:l ffjoH uOHia:dkj, isg by<u i|yd mdfNda.sl fiajd wldh" wdydr
frday,a olajd m%;sldr i|yd mefKk WmfoaYl lgqj" T!IO kshduk wldh"
frda.Skag frda.fha nrm;,lu wkqj wd ish NdKav kshduk wdh;k tlalr
wod< uOHia:dkh fj; fhduqlr ;ks Yla;su;a n,hla iys; kshduk
wksjdhfhkau tu frda.Skag ksis wdh;khla msysgqjkafk'
fiajdjla iemfhk njg iy;sl jkafk'
tys wjYH ishu fnfy;a iy mlaId frda. iqj lsu i`oyd mdrml foaYSh
wvqmdvqjlska f;drj Bg .e,mk rcfha isxy, fjolu" wdhqfoh" isoaO"
wdh;kfha ,ndug wjYH miqu ilia fydfhdam;s" hqkdkS jeks l,am ffjoH

36 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 37


06'
kj wNsfhda. ch.kakd
ksoyia wOHdmkhla

Y%S ,xldf wOHdmkh" Y%S ,xldf wdl jOk


f.h yd n,Yla;s mfNdackhg idfmalaIj n,oa
hqKq rgj, ugul mj;S' Bg fya;= we;af;a wfma
rf ixialD;sh u`.ska lr we;s n,mEuhs' ksoyiska
miq hq.fha ksoyia wOHdmkh ;yjqre lr mq,a lsu
ksid ck;dj ;=< wOHdmkh i|yd we;s wNs,dIh w;s
YsIag f' iEu foudmsfhlau ;u orejdg fyd|ska
W.ekaug wem lem is' wjdikdjlg fuka
ck;djf.a tu m%d:kdjka helS hk whqka ksoyia
wOHdmkh yelsf,ka ;sf' wOHdmkfha fN!;sl
im;a Tiafia m%udKd;aul mlaIfha jOkhla
fmkakq lr ;snqK o .=Kd;aul mlaIfha lvdjeula
fmkakq lrhs' .no mdie,a" myiql fkdue;s ksid
jeiS hka mj;S' fuh nrm;, ;;ajhls' tu ;;ajh
fjkia lsu Wfoid u;a jevms<sfj,la h;a
lsug uu lghq;= lrkafk'

wOHdmkfha Iu;d f.fhka W;aikak u ksid


u;= ;sfnk wj,iaik ;rh fya;=fjka hqla;sh
iudkd;au;djh ms<sn`o ye`.Su wOHdmk moaO;sfhkau
;=rka ;sf' wOHdmkfha m%Yakh" cd;sl m%Yakhla
jk ;rugu Tvq jd we;' ta wkqj rgg .e,fmk /
l,a wOHdmk m%;sixialrKhla l%shd;aul l< m%foaYj, mdi,a jeiS hka mj;sk neka tu Nd.j, m%;sM, Nd;d lr isiqka Yd, msi fjkqjg l=vd msila b,lal
hq;= njg fuys ,d fhdackd lr' m%d:l wxYh i|yd jvd;au mq,a mdie,a fhduq lrk l%ufohla ilia lrkafk' lrkska fYaI{hska yslr .ekSu
moaO;shla o tu mdie,aj,ska fmdaIKh jk tuska rgg wjYH ;dlaIKsl yd jD;a;Sh i`oyd l,d yd udkj Ydia;% wOHdmkh
tys" lKsIaG oa;Sl mdie,a moaO;shla o Wiia wOHdmkh oekg jvd mq,a yd u;a m%;sixOdkh flf' tfiau uQ,sl l,d yd
fm< i|yd bka fmdaIKh jk m%Odk mdie,a fldg mq,a Ih lafIa;%hkag jD; flf' fi!kaoh ridiajdoh ms<sn`o kqu oHd"
kg iuia; wOHdmkhg fjka flfrk
moaO;shla o ielfia' ish m%d:sl yd Ydia;S%h oekqu ,nd .ekSug bv m%ia:d jdKsc" ;dlaIK wd ishu isiqka i`oyd o
o< foaYSh ksIamd;fhka 1'7] l m%udKfha
lKsIaG mdie,aj,g wjYH myiql mQK fkdue;s fh!jkhka i`oyd iqiq Ihl yd y`kajd fokq ,ef' ;jo Yaj oHd,j,g
m%;smdokh 6] olajd jOkh lsug lghq;=
lrkafk' jYfhka iemhSfuka miq m%Odk mdie,aj,ska ;rd;srul ;dlaIKsl wOHdmkh .ekah iajdk;ajh ,ndfoka Wm l=,m;sjre
l%udkql+,j m%d:l yd lKsIaG wxY bj;a hq;=h' foaYSh yd foaY /lshd fj<|fmd< m;alsu yd bj;a lsu tajdfha m%;sm;a;s
flf' f wkqj kg mj;sk myiql i|yd mqyqKq ;dlaIKsl ksmqK;dfjka hq;a wkqj m;al< ikd;k iNd j,g mjrkq
iuia; wOHdmkhg fjka flfrk
iys; mdi,aj,g <uhska we;=<;a lsf ;reK ;reKshka ys l< yels ;dlaIKsl we;'
hou o< foaYSh ksIamd;fhka 6] ;rh iukh f' wOHdmk wdh;khkag ndOdjlska f;drj
Wiia fm< Ihka 03 la iu;a ishu fokdg
olajd je flf' iri uyfmd< msish yels Kh myiql l%u y`kajd
;ukaf.a leue;a; m Wiia maf,daudjla
YsIHdOdrh re' 5000la olajd n,a," kqjrt<sh" uykqjr" ud;f,a" fokq ,ef'
fyda Wmdhla olajd bf.k .ekSu i|yd
lE.,a, hk ia;%slalj, j;=lrfha
je f' ;dlaIKsl wOHdmk ck;djf.a orejkag fou< udOHfhka Wiia kfjda;amdok wdlhlg wjYH udkj .= ld,Sk iykodhS Kh l%uhla hgf;a
wdh;khkag msfik ;reK im;a ixjOkh i|yd Wiia wOHdmk wOHdmk Kh uqo,la ,ndfokq we;'
fm< oHd Ihka yeoEh yels jk m
myiql iys; mdi,a wdrN lrkafk' lafI;%h mQK m%;sixOdkhlg ,la lsug
;reKshkag Kh myiql ,ef' wjYH mshjr .kafk'
;reK fiajd iNdj we;= wdh;k" fh!jk
iudc yd jHjia:dms; if,k jevigyka
cd;Hka;r mdi,a imQKfhkau rcfha mjq,ajdofha jy,a nefuka uqojd f.k
iri uyfmd< YsIHdOdrh re' 5000 la
fmr mdie,a wOHdmkfha mgka wOHdmkfha wlaIKhg .ekSug mshjr .kafk' h<s ;reK ;reKshka w;g m;a lrkafk'
olajd je lrk w;r Yaj oHd, isiqkag
kshdukh l< hq;= ishu wxY i`oyd rf fmd cd;sl wOHdmk m%;sm;a;shg l=i,;d we;s ;reK ;reKshkag .dhk"
wO ld,Sk /lshdj, ksr;ug ksoyi
kshduk l%ufohla ilia lsug lghq;= cd;Hka;r mdi,a o we;=<;a flf' jdok" k;k" ksudK" lS%vd l=i,;d mqyqKq
,nd fokafk'
lr' ta wkqj 1 jir i|yd orejka mdie,g tys mdGud,d ish,a, cd;sl wOHdmk l< yels wdh;khla msysgq jk w;r tn
we;=<;a lsf;a my jir YsI;aj Nd. m%;sm;a;shlg wkql+,j isl< hq;=f' cd;sl Yaj oHd, moaO;sh mq,a lr olaI ;reK ;reKshkaf.a rdcH ix;hla
fhka miq yh jirg isiqka we;=<;a lsf fi!kaoh wOHdmkh" fidndoyf Ou;d" YajoHd,j,g we;=<;a lr.kakd orejka mj;ajdf.k hkq we;'
;a kg we;s m%udohka imQKfhkau hq;=l yd whs;sjdisl ms<sn| uQ,Ou" m%udKh l%udkql+,j fo.=Khla lrkafk'
ke;s lrkq ,ef' m<uq jdrh wdrN jk mqoa., yeisu" idudkH mqoa., phd Ou tys iudc idOdrK;ajh iq/flk m kj ksudK yd l=i,;d Ifhys kj
gu ish orejkag mdie,a ,nd u iy;sl wdh iEu Ih Odrdjlgu we;=<;a l< Yaj oHd, m%fYh fkd,enQ B<`.g msula we;s lr,Sug iu;a jvd ksoyiajQ;a
lrkafk' hq;=h' isk olaI;u YsIH lKavdhu cd;sl Yaj jD;jQ;a wdldr mfhaIK yd wNHdi
oHd, ;=<gu YsIH Kh l%uhla hgf;a wdh;kh jHqyhla ixialD;s" ;dlaIK yd
m%Odk mdi,a 55 la i|yd rf Yd, b,aula Wiia fm< iy idudkH fm< lv b .dia;= whlr n|jd .ekSug lghq;= flf' lS%vd lafIa;%hkag ykajd ug lghq;=
mj;sk w;r we;e kd.l yd .%dh Nd.j,ska miq ;D;Sl wOHdmkh i|yd l,d Ih Odrdj yeoEu i`oyd tl;=jk lrkafk'

40 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 41


07'
rg /flk cd;Hka;r
in|;d

foaY fiajdjg wkqhqla; lr we;s ish foaYmd,k


m;a yd {d;Skaf.a m;a wj,x.= lr iuia; foaY
fiajdj jD;a;Sh ks,Odka yd jD;a;Sh l=i,;d iqiql
imqrd we;s msia fhdodf.k mQK m%;sixOdkhlg
fhduq lr'

2009 jif hqo ch.%yKfhka miq wfma foaY m%;sm;a;sh wjq,a


cd,hla we;s ne uq uy;a f,dalhu okakd lreKls' tla
w;lska ksis foaY m%;sm;a;shla ke;s w;r wfkla w;ska foaY
fiajdjkag m;a lr we;af;a rdc;dka;%sl .=Kdx. fkdokakd
iyprhka msils' tu iyprfhda .f f.df ;uka jevlghq;=
lrk wdldrfhkau w,a,ia ,nd yd pKal fmkajd cd;Hka;r
in|;d mj;ajdf.k hdug lghq;= lr;s' tys wjika m%;sM,h
we;af;a uq uy;a f,dalh yuqf Y%S ,xldf m%;srEmh
imQKfhkau yE,a hduhs' fuu ;;ajfhka Y%S ,xldj uqojd
.ekSu w;HdjYH yd laIKsl wjYH;djla njg m;a we;'
ta i|yd" ;%ia;jdoh mrdch lsf l%shdj,shg
wod<j f rf lsis mqrjeisfhl=g
rf foaY m%;sm;a;sh wdKavqf cd;sl u;h ysyer lsug fyda w; ;eug fyda
ksrEmkh jk m ilia lrkafk' lsis cd;Hka;r n,f.hlg uu bv
fkd;nkafk'
k ishhla we;=<; foaY fiajdjg wkqhqla;
lr we;s ish foaYmd,k m;a yd {d;Skaf.a Y%S ,xldjg t,a, we;s udkj ysl
m;a wj,x.= lr iuia; foaY fiajdj lvlsf fpdaokdj,g ienE ms<s;=rla
jD;a;Sh ks,Odka yd jD;a;Sh l=i,;d f,i wfma udkj ys;jd yd mir ys;jd
iqiql imqrd we;s msia fhdodf.k mQK wdl,am rg ;=< fukau cd;Hka;rj o
m%;sixOdkhlg fhduq lr' wfma foaY m%jOkh lsug lghq;= lrkafk' bkah
fiajh rgg wjxl" cd;sljd u; ork" fn!oaOhska fuka u wdishdf fn!oaOhskaf.a
W.;a" h;a" ldhY=r" fyd`ou ksiqkaf.ka yd oekqu yd YslaIKh fnod yk uOHia:dkh
WmlrKj,ska iuka; foaY fiajhla njg njg Y%S ,xldj kej; m;a lrkafk'
m;a lrkafk' ngysr W.;a iudch wduka;%Kh lrka
wysxidj" iudkd;au;djh yd uyd
wdishdf m%Odk rgj,a jk bkahdj" kh" lreKdj ish,a,ka fj; m< l< nq oyu
mdlsia:dkh yd cmdkh iu iu-inkaO;d yd tys wks;Hjd wkd;aujd oelau m%p,s;
we;s lr .kakd w;f" ;dhs,ka;h" lsug wjYH miqu uyd ix>r;akfha
bkakSishdj" fldhdj wd keS tk wdishdkq wkqYdikd u; uu is lrkafk' tu`.ska
rgj,a iu. fNaohlska f;drj ;=re Y%S ,xldj ms<sn| kj m%;srEmhla f,dalh
inkaO;d je hqKq lrkafk' ;=< f.dvk`.d .; yels jkq we;'

wi,ajeis bkahdf we;s O;ajh ukdj


foaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh yd uy nexl=j
f;are .kska wmf.a bkahdkq ms,sfj;
iska O mqoa.,sl wdh;k yd mqoa.,hska
ilia lr .ks' wdl yd ixialD;sh
fj;g ,nd we;s fldka;%d;a yd WmfoaYk
jYfhka bkahka frdaOhla f.dv
fiajd iy fjk;a myiql ms<sn|j fidhd
fkdkexjk yd .e;s fkdjk wdl,amhlska
n,d kS;suh ls%hdud. .ekSug lghq;=
jvd im in|;d we;s lr .ekSug uu
iQodk lrkafk'
lghq;= lr'

44 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla


08'
/lshdj re lrk
ludka; yd fiajd

foaYSh wdfhdacklrejkag fYaI n iyk


yd m%uqL;djka' uOHu yd iq mudK foaYSh
jHdmdr f.dvkeSf fYaI ie,eiaula'
iq jr m%cdjf.a .eg ish,a,g i`'
foaYSh yd foaYSh /lshd oi ,laIhla'
WmdOdka u;a /lshd'

iajdNdl im;a yd udkj im;aj,ska wkQk rgla


jk Y%S ,xldf ludka; yd fiajdjka ,nd we;s
m%.;sh .ek wmg lsisfia;au iEySulg m;aug
fkdyelsh' ksoyia wOHdmkfha yd fi!LH fiajfha
m%;s,dN Wmu f,i rgg fk,d .ekSug fkdyels
we;af;a ta ksidh' jvd;au by< l=i,;d olajk msi
rg yer hk w;r wfkla ;reKhka W.;alug
yhk /lshdjla fkdue;slu ksid ler,s olajd
;,a f' f ;SrKd;aul fudfydf;a mj;sk m%;sh" fj<| fmd< i|yd m%fYh" wdkhk wdfoaYl ;kk jHjidhlhska j, iemhSf iqrlaIs;;dj iy;sl lr'
jHikld l%uh fjkia lsug cd;sl ldhlaIu uQ,H yd fiajl mmd,kh" u;a lsu i|yd taldnoaO nexl= l%uhla" tu w;HdjYH jH" fjf<| whla f,i
wdKavqjla yryd uu ksis mshjr .kafk' iy mqyqKq Y%uh iq,N lsu i|yd wjYH uOH.; wf,lrK ie,eiaula" taldnoaO fhdod .kakg lsis n,f.hlg bv lv
l=i,;d ,ndfok ;dlaIKsl m%;sm;a;shla ;dlaIKsl ie,eiaula" yd fmd jHjidh ,nd fkdfo'
ta wkqj" yd wdh;ksl rduqjla ilia flf' ta i|yd kexf ie,eiaula" rch yd mqoa.,sl
uQ,H myiql ,nd h yels fYaI rdcH- wxYh tlalr ilia lrkafk' fiajd wdlh mq,a lsu;a foaY
rf iajdNdl" mdil yd Lksc fm!oa.,sl nexl= taldnoaO l%ufohla wdfhdack i|yd ,dN Y%uh iy;sl lsu;a
im;a iy udkj im;aj,ska Wmu M, ilia flf' rf iuia; jr ludka;hu wnqohlg mir kS;s ,sys,a lsu;a f,i jQ 1977
fk,d .ekSu i|yd rgg W; foaYSh yd fhduq lr jQ hqfrdamSh fjf<`ofmd, i`oyd isg wkq.ukh l< wdl Wmdhud.h
foaY wdfhdack ,nd.ekSug iqiq Wmdh jk ;yku bj;a lr .ekSug lghq;= fjkqjg kj W;amdok wdlhla fj;g
Y%S ,xldf iEu .ulgu tu .ug
ud.sl ie<eiaula ieliSug uu lghq;= lrk w;r > ld,hla mqrd fkdi`Kq rg fhduq lrkafk' by< .Kfha
wdfKsl mdrml yd kk ludka;
lrkafk' ksoydjhlska hq;=j yd iq jr m%cdjf.a .eg ish,a, kj ;dlaIKhka fukau iq yd uOH mudK
j, mqkjkh i|yd wjYH uQ,H yd
idOdrK fldkafoais u; isjk wdfhdack rcfha m%uqL lghq;a;la fia i,ld jyd ludka;j,g W; y; ;dlaIKhka
;dlaIKsl myiql u;a l%ufohlg
i|yd ndOdjlska f;drj ls%hd;aul f i` ,nd ug lghq;= lr' jr hd;%d" jeks ;dlaIKhka o rg ;=< ienE f,i
,ndu i|yd lghq;= lrkafk'
ldhlaIu hdka;%Khla ielfia' tys ,a" wdmkak iy fndagq wekaka i|yd m%p,s; flf'
rf im;a u; mok jQ ;;a;ajfhka mkjd we;s wl n bj;a flf' foaY

cd;Hka;r fjf<`ofmd<g kej;
Wiia ksIamdok i|yd foaY fj<| jr hd;%d ,xld uqyq iSudj wdl%uKh wfma ;reK mrmqf wiykhg uq,a we;s
msiSu i|yd wmkhkh i|yd NdKav
fmd<la ksudKh lr .ekSug" rdcH yd lsu je<elaf' /lshdj iyuq,ska ;=rka lsu Wfoid fuu
ksmojkakka yg n iyk iu`. n,Yla;s
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha taldnoaO;djfhka hq;a Wmdhud. uska b,lal lr.;a foaYSh
iyk ,ndfokafk' wfma wmkhk
fYaI jevms<sfj,la Wmdh ud.slj uyd uqyqfoa ;h wys jk jrfhl= yd foaYSh /lshd oi ,laIhla iemhSf
Odx.slrKhg o f;dr;=re yd
f.dvkexf' fjkqfjka remsh,a oi ,CIhl jevigykla ls%hd;aul lrkafk'
ikaksfok ;dlaIKh wd kj wmkhk
lafIa;% je hqKq lsug o uu lghq;= rCIKdjrKhla rcfha odhl;ajh o
foaYSh wdfhdacklrejkaf.a ie<lsh hq;=
lr' wfma wmkhk fjf<|fmd,ska 55] we;=j ,ndfokafk' jr m%cdj i|yd foaY /lshdjkays kshq;= fiajl
odhl;ajhlska hq;=j islrk ;dlaIKsl
lau hqfrdamh yd W;=re weuldjhs' th kj Y%du jegqma l%uhla wdrN flf' fiajdldjka i|yd Y%du jegqma l%uhla
yqjudre jHdmdr" foaYSh jYfhka w.h
wdishdj" ol=Kq weuldj yd wm%sldj wd wdrN lr' Tjqkaf.a furg wfkajdisl
tl;= lsf jHdmdr" yd foaYShj ks
uydoam fj; mq,a lsu Wfoid rf remshf,a ksuh jkdlu yE,a jk .sKq i|yd 2'5] fmd,shla kg we;s
NdKav ksmojk jHdmdr fjkqfjka fYaI
uQ,sl wjOdkh fhduq lrkafk' wdkhk ho iSud lrk w;r" rg ;=< fmd,shg tl;= flf' ueo fmr. we;=`M
n iyk yd m%uqL;djka ,ndfokq we;'
ksIamdokh l< yels foa Wmu f,i msgrgj, Y%uh lem lrk Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a
ksIamdokh lsug lghq;= lrkafk' mjq,a /l n,d .ekSu i|yd fYaI mjq,a
iq yd uOHu mudK foaYSh jHdmdr wuq f;a o lsf,dajla i|yd remsh,a 80-90
T!IO" ms" lsms" iSks wd wdydr jH iq/l= jev igykla wdrN flf'
f.dvkeSf fYaI ie,eiaula ilia w;r mdfjk <la yd rn i|yd remsh,a
lug uu lghq;= lr' ta i|yd jq kk" 350 l <la mj;ajdf.k hdug lghq;=
ldhlaIu fhda.H ;dlaIKh" Wiia lr'

48 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 49


9'
hqKq yd j.lS iy.;
rdcH wxYhla

rdcH wxYfha kg we;s M,odhS;ajh ms<sn|j wmg ;Dma;su;a h


fkdyel' rcfha fiajlhka o w;Dma;slr ;;ajhlska miqf' tu
;;ajh fjkia lr rdcH fiajlhkaf.a jk ;;ajh iy ldhd, fiajfha
;Dma;sh by< kexu i|yd o M,odhS;dj by< kexu i|yd o wjYH
l%shdud. .kafk'

ta wkqj"

rdcH fiajfha M,odhl;ajh by< kxjka b,lal.; wNsu;d:hka


bgq lr.; yels moafoka yd we.hSug ,lal< yels f,iska
l<ukdlrK l%uh yd mmd,k rgdj kj mj;khlg ,la
lrkafk'

m%dfoaYSh f,al ldhd,h" m%foaYfha m%uqL l;jHh bgq lrk


m%Odku tallh njg m;a flf' m%foaYfha wdl" iudh" ldl"
yd ixialD;sl wxYj, ixjOkhg wod, l=i,;d jOkh yd
im;a iemhSu wd ish l%shdldrl tuska inkalrKh flf'
wO rdcH fiajh yd neKq wdh;kj, fhdojd f.k we;s WmdOdka u;a lshdj, fhou kj;d fiajfha f.!rjkSh
fiajH yd fiajl ldl ikaO;djhka ta fiajd wdh;kj,g wka;.%yKh fldg nj wdrlaId lr fok iudc fiajdjka j,g
ta mdYjhkaf.a idlPd ud.fhka isjk Tjqkaf.a iqiqlj,g i,k Wiia fhduq flf' kg islrk foaYmd,k
l,amj;ajd .siq.; inkaO;djhkag mmdhla ia:dms; fldg ls%hd;aul kdhlhkaf.a ksfjiaj, ne, fufyjr lsf
fhduq jk moafoka kj kS;s ilia lrkafk' lrkafk' l%uh imQKfhka kj;d ou'
/lshd fldkafoais flfiaj;a W,a,x>kh
fkdfjkakd jq fhda.H ldl iduhla yd rcfha fiajlhska yg ,nd we;s fudag rdcH fiajhg uqjd O mqoa.,hska yd
ia:djr;ajhla f.dvkexf' ihsl,a ,nd .ekSf Kh uqo, imQKfhka wdh;k i;= we;s ish kSS;s frda w wdhqO
lmd yer Tjqka kg fudag ihsl,h w;a wvx.=jg .ekSug lghq;= lr' kS;s
k 180 la yd n|jd .ekSf iqiql imQK frda ikakoaO l,a,s iqrejd ykq ,nk
,nd .ekSf wjia:df f.jk ,o re'
lrk ,o fldka;%d;a yd wksh fiajlhka w;r" thg kdhl;ajh fok yd rdcH foam<
50"000 uqo, kej; Tjqka fj; ,nd fokq
iar lsug lghq;= lrkafk' rdcH fiajdf ta i|yd fhdod .kakd whg j kSS;s ;s
we;' ;j o fudag ihsl,h ,nd .ekSug
ish n|jd .ekS" Nd. l%uhla u; mok ls%hd;aul flf'
ysl ;snqK;a O wdh;ksl fya;+ka
lr .kska l=i,;dj u; is lsug wjYH
u; tu wjia:dj wys jQ rdcH fiajlhka
mshjr .efka' fld ixOdkfha w wdhqO" , uqo,a" foaY
yg wNshdpkd bm;a lr Bg iqiql
fldka;%d;a yd wksh mokka rcfha / ,eug wjia:dj Wod lr' j;al wdh ms<sn| u;a ix.Kkhla lr
lshdf ksr; fiajlhkag bvula , tajd rdcH fiajhg uqjd kS;s frdaj w;am;a
.ekSug" ksjila ;kd .ekSug" fudag YS% ,xldf Okh fld,a,ldf.k lrf.k we;s whg ;rd;sru fkdn,d o`vqj
ihsl,hla , .ekSug fyda fjk;a yis foaYj,g f.kf.dia tys ;ekam;a lr ta ish w yd foam< rdc ika;l lsug
wjYH;djlg iyk fmd,S wkqmd;hla we;s wh ms<sn|j foaY rgj, o iyfhda. lghq;= lr'
hgf;a Khla ,nd .ekSug wjYH myiql fhka wka;cd;sl uIKhla werug
rcfha uey;afuka ,nd fokafk' lghq;= lr' wh:d l%ufhka Wmhdf.k rdcH wdrlaIl wxY" mqoa.,sl wdrlaIl fiajd
we;s ish Okh kej; ck;djg ,ndug iu tlaj islrk kS;s frda uqyq yd
Wmdhud.sl jYfhka jeo.;a rdcH ls%hdlrkq we;' f.dv wdrlaIl lghq;= jydu k;r lsug
nexl=" n,Yla;sh" c, imdokh" lghq;= lrkafk' ;jo fuf;la tajdfha kS;s
jrdh" .=jkaf;dgqm," m%jdykh wdhg rdcH nqoa wxY" foaYmd,k lghq;= yd frdaj lghq;=j, ksheKq mqoa.,hka yg
wod, rcfha wdh;k j, l<ukdlrKh is,a lghq;=j,g uey;a lr,Su kS;sh o`vqj ,ndug lghq;= flf'
u;a lsu i|yd isx.mamQref ;ufila u.skau ;yk lrkafk'
wdlD;shg wkqrEmj ie,eiaula l%shdjg ysgmq yuqodm;s fckr,a i;a f*dkafiald uy;d
kxj' is,a wdrlaIl fiajdf ks,Odka iy 43 jeks w.ksiqre YsrdKs nKavdrkdhl
ish,a,f.aau fiajh iar lrk w;r uy;ah we;= foaYmd,k m,s .ekS yd
wdl ixjOk wud;HdxYhg wkqhqla; wdrlaIl wxY j, ish ks,Odka o`vqjj,g ,lajQjkag wys jQ ;k;=re yd
fldg foaYmd,k jy,a ls%hdldrl i|yd jD;a;sfha f.!rjhg fkd.e<fmk / whs;sjdisl h<s ,ndfokafk'

52 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla


10'
n,Yla;s iqrlaIs;
Y%S ,xldjla

bkaOk j,ska rch whlrk re flda 4000 lg wl n bj;a


lr bkaOk < wvq flf' fmd m%jdyk fiajd" ;%S ,a yd
fudag nhsisl,a i|yd fYaI iyk ,ef' bkaOk iy ,s
i|yd < iQ;%hla ielfia' idOdrK l%ufohlg rcfha yd
mqoa.,sl wxYfha fmd nia yd h fiajd jehqKq lr
taldnoaO ld,igykla ielfia'

rf wkd.;h ;SrKh jk m%Odku idOlhla jkafka n,Yla;shhs'


m%jdyk fCIa;%h iyuq,skau r|d mj;skafka wdkhkh lrk
Lkscf;,a u;h' ,sh ksYamdokfha o ishhg yegla ye;a;Ejla
muK r|dmj;skafka wdkhkh lrk Lksc f;,a yd .,a w=re u;h'
jejk b,au wkqj b jir myf<dj ;=< Y%S ,xldf ,sh yd
Lksc f;,a b,au fo.=Khla jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf' kg .,a
w=re yd Lksc f;,a < .ekSu l%shdmmdh Is; jk w;r th
,xldf isjk uyd mudK jxpdjla f' tu ksid w;f,diailf.a
u ;rjk w;r m;g m;ajkafka n,Yla;sh mfNdackh lrk
idudkH ck;djhs' fuu ;;ajh imqrd kj;d ck;djg m%;s,dN
,ndu i|yd u;a l%shdud.hla .ks'
ta wkqj" n,Yla;s fCIa;%j,g wod<j wdishdf i|yd ,nd mdfNda.slhdg wvq ,g my< hdug fya;=mdol we;s ;e/
wdYaphh f,i fmkajk wf.sS ud." n,Yla;s iemhSug wjYH lghq;= lr' ldrhskaf.a uey;au imQKfhkau
f,dal fj<|fmdf,a Lksc f;,a , h udj;a" jrdh" .=jka f;dg" tys f,dalfha ia:dms; lr we;s msiq uevmj;ajd u.Ska i|yd by< fiajdjla
my< f.dia we;s f fudfydf;a laIKsl n,d.dr" c,dY wd fu.d ixjOk n,Yla;sh i|yd jk .=ld,Sk iyk ,ndug lghq;= lr' bkamiq idOdrK
iula f,i bkaOk j,ska rch wh jHdmD;s yryd wfma rg f jkg Kh wm rf mqkckkSh n,Yla;sh l%ufohlg rcfha yd mqoa.,sl
lrk remsh,a flda 4000 lg wl n wdl f,i nxfldf,d;a we;' ixjOkh i|yd ,nd.ekSug lk wxYfha nia yd h fiajd taldnoaO
bj;a lr tys jdish ck;djg ,ndug fjd cd;sl uxfld,a,hka jk w;r jevms<sfj,la h;a lrkafk' ld,igyklg wkqj islsug lghq;=
lghq;= lr' fmd m%jdyk fiajd" ;%S ,a fjd Yajdi l< fkdyels mudKfha flf'
yd fudag nhsisl,a i|yd fYaI iyk jxpdjka h' Y%S ,xld uqyqfoa ;sfnk njg ykdf.k
,ndfo' .Dyia: .Eia is,skavrhl < we;s Lksc im;a ixjOkh i|yd uydud. j, fmd m%jdyk fiajd moaO;s
remsh,a 300 lska wvq flf' by< hk bkaOk , yd fkka k kg h;a lr we;s jevigyk Yla;su;a lsug iy qh fiajd je
W.%jk mir m%Yak ksid n,Yla;s imQKfhkau iudf,dapkh lr' tu hqKq lsug lghq;= flf' uyd ud.
fuu .egjg iaridr iula f,i iqrlaIs;;dj ms<sn|j fYaI wjOdkhla im;a l=Kq fld,a,hg foaY iud. yd h ud. moaO;sh mq,a i|yd
bkaOk iy ,s i|yd mdfNda.slhd fhduq lrkafk' or ,sh ^fvkafv%da&" j,g mejug orK m%h;akh kj;d fhdod .kakd wdfhdackhka" m%jdykh
f.jk ," kso fmfkk , iQ;%hlg iq<x n,h" iQh n,h" iuq Yla;Ska u;a kso fmfkk iq .= ld,Sk wdY%s; foaYsh ludka; kxjd,sug odhl
wkqj ilia lr k ishhla we;=<; wd mqkckkSh n,Yla;s m%Njj,ska jev ms<sfj,la imdokh lrkafk' lr.kakd w;r tuska foaYsh w.h
l%shdjg kxjkafk' tg fj<| fmdf<a rf ck;djf.a uQ,sl n,Yla;s tl;= lsu by< kexf' foaYsh kqu
< my; hk jljdkqj, tys jdish wjYH;djhka iyuq,skau mdfya imqrd. n,Yla;sh wrmsueiafuka Nd;d lsug yd l=i,;d o jOkh f' f wkqj"
uyckhd fj; ,efnkq we;' ekSug wjYH miqu ilia lrkafk' fhduq lrk jev ms<sfj,la uu h;a foaYSh Kh nr by<hdu wju lsug
fYaIfhka fuf;la l,la .,a w=re yd lrkafk' n,Yla;s ixrlaIKhg wod, o lafI;%fha ;sridr jOkh iy;sl
tfukau nd, Lksc f;,a wdkhkfha yd Lkscf;,a ud*shdj fj; we .sh ,s
.,a w=re , .ekSf islr we;s h;, jHqyhka iy kk ;dlaIKhka lsug o yelsf'
mdfNda.slhdf.a uqo,a .%dh m%foaYj, Nd;d lsu i|yd wjYH jevms<sfj,la
wl%l;d uid n,d kso fmkkiq f.dck;dj fj; .,dhdu i|yd rg
wdldrhg Lkscf;,a yd .,a w=re , imdokh lr' ksjdi iy f.dvkes,s fmd m%jdykh 60] l fiajdjla imhk
mqrd or ,s n,d.dr ia:dms; lsu ie,iq o n,Yla;s ixrlaIKh uQ,sl kuq Bg Nd;d lrkafka f;,aj,ska 15]
.ekSug u;a jev ms<sfj,la jydu lsug lghq;= lrkafk' tuska ,sh
fhdokafk' lrf.k ielfik jevms<sfj,la f,i la muKs' tuksid fmd m%jdyk fiajh
ksmou f.d ck;djf.a jk ugu h;a flf' hqKq rgj, fuka .=Kd;aulj yd
by< kxjk m%Odk ud.hla njg m;a m%udKd;aulj by< kexfuka wk;=rej
uE; ld,fha ,s n,d.dr blsu
lrkafk' rf fjk m%Yakhla njg m;aj uydud. j, mqoa.,sl jdyk Nd;h
i|yd ksh; houg jvd 50] lg jvd
je uqo,la jeh lr wl%l;d islr oekg fmdis, bkaOk i|yd ,ndfok we;s m%jdyk fCIa;%h i|yd iaridr wffOh lsug wjYH l%ufohka
we;s neka tu ;;ajh fjkia lsug ish iykdOdr l%udkql+,j bj;a lr tu iula ,nd fokafk' mqoa.,sl wxYfha ykajdfokq ,ef' jdykj, bkaOk
wjYH l%shdud. .kafk' m%jdyk yd iyk mqkckkSh n,Yla;s ;dlaIKhka fmd m%jdyk fiajdj, M,odhs;dj ldhlaIu;dj by< kexf m%;s

56 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 57


ykajdug" hre wOHdmkhg" yd
,s h iy ,s jdyk Nd;hg
keUqreu i|yd wjYH mshjr .kq ,ef'

k.r iy rg ie,iqlrKh lsf


m%jdyk wjYH;dj wju jk moaO;shla
ksudKh lsu i|yd uu mshjr .ks'
ta i|yd ckdjdi ixflakaKh lr Bg
wjYH h;, myiql" mdi,a" rcfha
fiajd ia:dk" fi!LH fiajd" /lshd ia:dk"
l=vd ludka;" fj<|fmd, wdh ,ndfoa'
f;dr;=re iy ikaksfok ;dlaIK
myiql" m%jdykh wju lsu Wfoid
M,odhS whqka Nd;d lsug miqu
ielfia'

fYaI n iyk hgf;a f.kajkq ,enq


w iqfLdamfNda.S fudag r: yd fiska
ld yd fudag nhsisl,a ms<sn`o fidhd
ne,Sula lr" wod< n whlr .ekSug
l%shdlrkafk'

58 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla


11'
w:j;a yrj;a
udOH ksoyila

rcfha ckudOH" rg md,kh lrk foaYmd,k


mlaIfha m%pdrl whla njg m;a lsu jydu
kj;d iunr fiajdjla rgg iemhSug wjYH
miqu ilia lr' ckudOH ksoyi f;dr;=re
k.ekSf whs;sh Wmu f,i ;yjqre lr'

j;udk iudcfha ksidf.a iEu l%shdldrlulau


ckudOHlrKhg ,la we;' tfukau ckudOH
jdKsclrKhg iy wm;sn, rgdjkag k;= we;'
f;dr;=re k.ekSf whs;sh Odldrfhka iSud
we;s w;r i;H l;dlsfuys ,d iajhxjdrK mkjd
.ekSu udOHfha iq,N ,laIKhla we;' udOH .%dylhd
jeo.;a f;dr;=rej,ska ;hg wjYH kqka yd Wiia
ixialD;sl kaokhlska fmdfydi;a lrkjd fjkqjg
ir, jdKsc fkdaohl .s,ajd ;eug ckudOH lghq;=
lr ;sf' iudc wjOdkh fhduqh hq;= yd ,eh hq;=
oE i`.jd ;nd yriqka foa Wmamd ouhs' l,d ksudKj,
nqoauh foam, whs;sh W,a,x>Kh flfrka ;sf'

ffu;%Smd, isfiak 61
tu ksid"

ish ckudOHlrejkaf.a yd wdh;kj,


ksoyi wdrCId jk fl ld,Sk yd > ld,Sk uf.a md,k ld,h we;=<; by; lS foaYmd,k
jevms<sfj<la h;a lrkafk' m%;sixialrKhka yd wdl yd iudc jevms<sfj,
imQK h:d:hla lsug uu ne` is' ta i`oyd
ckudOH ksoyi yd f;dr;=re k.ekSf
md,sfka;=j ksfhdackh lrk ishu foaYmd,kh mCI;a
whs;sh Wmu f,i ;yjqre lrka uyck fiajd
ikaksfok u;a lsf moku u; ys`o rdcH ck;d ixOdk;a iu iuq;shla we;s lr .ks'
iy fm!oa.,sl udOH kshdukh lsf ldhlaIu
hdka;%Khla ilia lr' tfukau wm fhdackd lrk foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKfhka
miqj md,sfka;=j ksfhdackh lrk foaYmd,k mlaI j,
rcfha ckudOH rg md,kh lrk foaYmd,k tl;dj we;sj cd,sfka;= ue;sjrKhla le`oug uu
mlaIfha m%pdrl whla njg m;a lsu kj;d"
ls%hd lr' tys iEu foaYmd,k mCIhlgu iu wjia:d
iunr fiajdjla rgg iemhSug wjYH miqu ilia
Wod lrk idOdrK ue;sjrK ls%hdj,shla we;s lsug uu
lr'
iy;sl fj'
hqKqjk ikaksfok ;dlaIKh;a iudc udOHhkays
jHdma;sh;a iudc hym;gu fya;=jk m ud iska bm;a lrkq ,enQ kj m%;sm;a;Ska u; msysgd
l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSu i`oyd udOH ixjOk wdKavqjla msysgqug wjYH hqla;s iy.; foaYmd,kh
m%;sm;a;shla n,.ekaug o lghq;= lr' mirhla ksudKh lrug uu ne` is' uy
ue;sjrKhlska miq m;a jk wdKavqj cd;sl iu.s
md,sfka;=f /ia i f,i rEmjdyskS ikaOdkhla jYfhka f.dvke`.Su uu lem fj'
udOHfhka iqrejd yeug lghq;= lr'
YS% ,xld-hQtkamS mCI fNaoh" isxy,-fou,-uqia,s
uqs; yd oHq;a udOHj,g" tajdfha yslrejkag yd
udOHfkag iDcqj yd jl%j islrkq ,nk n,mE cd;sfNaohka o mx;s-wd.-l=, fNaohka o relr is tla
yd h.eka" iq jEkaj,ska meyer .ekS yd urd jeks ishjig Tk kQ;k;ajfhka msmqka rgla ksudKh
kj;d ksoyia udOHhla mj;ajdf.k hdu lsu udf.a tlu wNs,dYhhs' th udf.a mru hq;=lu f,i
iy;sl lrkafk' o i,l'

fkdf,a wka;cd,h ,ndu i|yd iEu k.rhlu


m%isoaO ia:dkj, jhs*hs l,dm we;s lr'

62 ffu;%S md,khla - ia:djr rgla ffu;%Smd, isfiak 63


wjkS;sh - hqla;s Oufhka o
wYS,dpdr nj - wdpdrYS,S;ajfhka o
uq.aO mjq,alduh - W;= m%{dfjka o
ffjrh - ffu;s%fhka o ch .ksuq

Tn ieug ffu;S% iy.;


iudchla Wod fjd

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