Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5.2 – Polynomial Functions
5.3 – Multiplication of Polynomials
Textbook:
Intermediate Algebra
Aufmann and Lockwood
9E AIM
Intermediate Algebra ‐ Tue, Feb 21 2017 P a g e | 2 of 4
5.2 – Introduction to Polynomial Functions: studied in previous chapters are examples of
Polynomial: quadratic polynomial functions.
A polynomial is a mathematical expression Example 5.2‐1: Find the leading coefficient and
composed of one or more monomials. the constant term, and the degree of the
If it is composed of just one term, we call it polynomial function 3 4 2
monomial. A polynomial of 2 terms is called 4.
binomial. Trinomial is one composed of three Leading Coefficient: ‐4
terms. Beyond that, we call them polynomials. Constant Term: ‐4
Polynomials are important because they have Degree: 3
special properties, which you’ll be learning this Evaluating Polynomial Functions:
point forward. They also have special built. Evaluation a polynomial function is the same
They only involve the operations of Addition, process we used previously to evaluate
subtraction and multiplication, with no equations. Just replace the variable by the
negative integers. value specified.
Polynomials can be in one variable, or several Example 5.2‐2: Given 3 4,
variables. A polynomial in a single variable has evaluate 3 .
the form: 3 3 3 3 4
F1: ⋯ 3 27 27 4
3 4
Where , … , are constants, and is the
variable. is called the Leading Coefficient,
Add and Subtract Polynomials:
(the constant term of the variable with the
largest exponent). is called the Constant Is the process of combining like terms.
Term (the term without a variable). Example 5.2‐3: Rearrange and group the like
Note that usually the terms are rearranged in terms in 3 2 7 7 3 4
descending order of the degree of the terms. 3 4 2 7 3 7
F1 can also be expressed in summation 7 2 10 7
notation, as: 7 7 20 10
F2: ∑ You could had also use the vertical method,
Note that the terms in a polynomial are joined where you stack like terms in the same column.
by addition and subtraction operators.
Degree of a Polynomial: Multiplication of Polynomials:
To multiply a monomial by a polynomial, just
Is the greatest of the degree of any of its terms
apply the distributive property. To multiply
Polynomials can exist in more than one polynomials, use the distributive property
variable. e.g., . In such a case, it repeatedly.
can be rearranged by the degree of any of the
Example 5.2‐4: Multiply 3 2 5 3
variables.
Applying the distributive property
The lineal function is a type of 3 2 +3 5 3 3
polynomial function called Lineal Function. The 6 15 9
parabolas ( , 0) we
Intermediate Algebra ‐ Tue, Feb 21 2017 P a g e | 3 of 4
Ex 5.2‐5: Multiply 4 3 4 3
Ex 5.2‐4: Multiply 2 5 1 3 2 Note that we have the same binomials with
You can multiply each term of the trimonial by different signs. So, we only need to square
each term of the binomial, or viceversa. both terms and sparate them with a minus
sign. 4 3 16 9
I will choose to multiply each term of the
binomial by each term of the trinomial. Ex 5.2‐6: Multiply 2 3
3 2 5 1 2 2 5 1 This is another special product. Just square
3 2 3 5 3 1 2 2 2 5 2 1 both numbers and the product of them
6 15 3 4 10 2
times 2, using the same sign.
Now, combine like terms:
2 3 2 2 2 3 3
6 4 15 3 10 2
2 3 4 12 9
6 11 7 2
You could also use the vertical method:
Note that like terms are aligned vertically.
Special Products:
1. The Sum and Difference of Two Terms:
Suppose you need to multiply two binomials,
. Applying the distributive
law you get .
Note that . Since they have opposite
signs, they cancel and
. So, when you have such a product,
you only need to square the 1st and last
terms, and subtract them.
2. The Square of a Binomial:
Suppose you need to multiply two binomials,
. Applying the distributive
law you get , which is
equal to 2 . Since
, we can conclude that
2 . This special
product is part of a more general form
known as the binomial theorem, which you’ll
study later.
Intermediate Algebra ‐ Tue, Feb 21 2017 P a g e | 4 of 4
Practice: 6. Given 3 5 and 3 8
1. Which of the following is a polynomial find ∙
function? Explain why the others are not.
a. 5 3
b. 2 7
c. 2 2√ 3
7. Multiply 5 2 5 2
2. Graph 2
8. Multiply 4 4
3. Evaluated the following Polynomial
Function: 2 3 4
2, 3
9. The base of a triangle is 2 6 . The
height is 4 ft. Find the area of the
triangle.
4. Identify the leading coefficient, the
10. The corners are cut from a rectangular
constant term, and state the degree:
piece of cardboard measuring 8 in by 12 in.
3 5 2
The sides are folded up to make a box. Find
the volume of the box in terms of the
variable . Where is the length of a side of
the square cut from each corner of the
rectangle, as shown in the figure below.
5. Multiply 2 3 2