Mathematics February

Miss Nidia Brenes Eighth Grade

• Add and subtract polynomials.

• Multiply monomials by monomials, monomials by polynomials, binomials by binomials.
• Square binomials and multiply conjugates.
• Multiply polynomials by polynomials.
• Use the Pascal’s Triangle to expand polynomials.

where we have
5 4
quadrants on a
3 2
sides to a angles on a AXES
COORDINATE
PENTAGON TRIANGLE on a graph
PLANE
 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
A polynomial is an algebraic expression in which each term has a variable raised to a positive integer. Polynomials are
classified by the number of terms (monomial, binomial, trinomial or polynomial) and by their degree.

Polynomial can be arithmetically operated. In order to perform these operations polynomials must be arranged in
descending order.

Multiplying Monomials
In order to multiply monomials, we applied the product rule for exponents, which states
that when multiplying like bases, exponents should be added. To apply the product rule,
exponents must match. The commutative property allows the factor to be rearranged in
any convenient order.
Steps to follow:
1. Rearrange the factors to group coefficients and variables.
2. Multiply the numeric coefficients.
3. Add the exponents of like bases (product rule for exponents).

There are two power rules for exponents:

a. Exponents applied to bases that already have exponents
b. Exponents applied to multiplying bases.

Power Rule 1:
States that when a base and its exponent are raised to a second exponent, the two Power Rule 1
exponents are multiplied together. (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛

Power Rule 2:
Distributes a common exponent among its bases, which means that when a product is Power Rule 2
raised to a common exponent, each factor in the product is raised to that exponent. (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
 Multiplying Polynomial by Monomials
To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, apply the distributive property to multiply each term in the polynomial by the
monomial. The distributive property states that to distribute the multiplier to each addend separately, and adding the
products, if possible.

Multiplying Binomials
The product of two binomials can be found by using the method FOIL.
 Squaring a Binomial
Multiplying a binomial by itself is squaring a binomial. The middle term of the final product is twice the product of the first
and second terms of the binomial being squared.
Steps to follow:
1. Square the first term.
2. Double the product of the two terms.
3. Square the second term.
For example,
(𝑥 − 5)2 = (𝑥)2 +2(𝑥)(−5) +(−5)2
Double the product of
Square the first term Square the second term
the two terms.
= 𝑥2 −10𝑥 25
2 2
(𝑥 − 5) = 𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 25

Multiplying Conjugates
Binomials with different signs are called conjugates. When multiplying conjugates, we obtain a difference of squares.
Steps to follow:
1. Square the first term.
2. Square the second term.
3. Subtract the second product from the first
For example,
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3) = (𝑥)2 − (3)2
Square the first term subtract Square the second term
= 𝑥2 − 9
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3) = 2
𝑥 −9

Multiplying Polynomials by Polynomials

In order to multiply polynomials by polynomials you distribute each term from the first poynomial to every term of the
second polynomial.