Mathematical Physics

1
1.  h12 du12  h22 du22  h32 du32  2

dr
du2
2. e 
dr
| |
du2

3. All of above
4. Tips, In Curvilinear co-ordinates
e1 d e2 d e3 d
   
h1 du1 h2 du2 h3 du3
1  d d d 
A    h2 h3 A1    h1h3 A2    h1h2 A3 
h1h2 h3  du1 du2 du1 
 h1e1 h2 e2 h3e3 
 
1  d d d 
 A 
h1h2 h3  du1 du2 du3 
 
 h1 A1 h2 A2 h3 A3 
1  d  h2 h3 d  d  h1h3 d  d  h1h2 d  
 2        
h1h2 h3  du1  h1 du1  du2  h2 du2  du1  h3 du3  
e1 d e2 d e3 d
4    
h1 du1 h2 du2 h3 du3

1  d d d 
5. A    h2h3 A1    h1h3 A2    h1h2 A3 
h1h2 h3  du1 du2 du1 

 h1e1 h2e2 h3e3 

 
1  d d d 
6.   A 
h1h2 h3  du1 du2 du3 
 
 h1 A1 h2 A2 h3 A3 

7. 1  d  h2 h3 d  d  h1h3 d  d  h1h2 d  
 2        
h1h2 h3  du1  h1 du1  du2  h2 du2  du1  h3 du3  

8.
In Cylindrical Co-rodinates system
Co-ordinates of p =  p,  , z 
x=cos
y=psin
z=z
r=pcos +rsin +z
dr
h1  1
dp
dr
h2  p
d
dr
h3  1
dz
(h1, h2, h3 )  (1, p,1)

9. a
10. dr 2  dr 2  r 2 d 2  r 2 sin 2  d 2
11 (hr , h , h )  (1, r , r sin  )

12. a
13. Hints,
adjA = Transpose of Co-factors of Aij
adjA
and A 1 
A

 1 0  
14.  
 0 1  

15. If A is antisymmetric, Then A2 is symmetric

16. If A is Hermitian matrix, then eiA is unitary matrix
17. Real
18. Either 0 or imaginary
19. Orthogonal
20|1|
21. Hints, Hermitian Condition
T
A A
22. Both a and b
23. All
24. length of x become as it is
25. Hints
 A  I   0
n2
26. A A

27. Hints
adjA
A 1 
A

28.
   ir    id 
 
   id   ir 
   ir    id 
  1
   id   ir 
  ir    ir  +    id     id   1
 2   2  r2  d 2  1

29.
B  AP
1
 PB 1
A
1
 PB 1
1 0
 
0 1
1 0 1
   PB
 0 1 

30. Orthogonal
31. Independent
32.  A  I   0
33. a Real matrix is unitary iff it is orthogonal
34. Tensor of rank 0 is scalar
Tensor of rank 0 = Scalar
 Tensor of rank 1 = Vector
35. Vector
36. a
37. mixed tensor of rank 1
38. Square
39. Reduced by Two
40. Velocity of fluid at any point= Contravariant tensor
41. Contraction of ApBq is Scalar
As it is Scalar invariant.
42. Two
ds 2  g pq dx p dxq

AAT  I
43.
A1  AT

44. b
45. 1 and 25

46.
Singular matrix – Determinant Zero
Non-Square matrix – not Defined
Real symmetric matrix = Eigen Value real
Orthogonal – Either ±1
47. 2
48. a11  a22  a33  7

49. Take Determinant of matrix

50. If A & B be real symmetric matrix
(AB)’=BA
51. [1,0,2]=[0,5,0]
52. (P2+P+2I)
53. Q will have four linearly independent rows and four linearly independent columns.
54. AA+A=A+
 
2
55.  
5
 
0

56. diag  d1n , d 2n ........d nn 

57. Symmetric
58. 17
59. P11P22  P12 P21  0

60. 2
61. 1  8
adjA
62.Hint, A 1 
A