CHAPTER 1 - ATOMIC STRUCTURE

The Structure of the Atom

Dalton's Atomic Theory

The Subatomic Particles

Atomic Number, Mass Number and Isotopes

 CHAPTER 1 - ATOMIC STRUCTURE

he Structure of the Atom

alton's Atomic Theory

1. All matter is composed of atoms that are small and indivisible particles
2. Atoms of the same element have identical size, mass, and chemical properties.
However, atoms of different elements do not
3. Atoms combine in a definite ratio of small whole numbers to form a compound

4. During chemcial reaction, atoms are either combined, united, or rearranged, none
are created or destroyed

he Subatomic Particles

omic Number, Mass Number and Isotopes

Atoms are identified by their number of protons and neutrons

Atomic Number (Z) = # of protons; fixed and unchanging

Mass Number (A) = protons + neutrons

Mass Number (A) = atomic number + neutrons

In a neutral atom, protons = electrons; atomic number = protons = electrons

A positively charged ion has more protons than electrons

A negatively charged ion has more electrons than protons

charge = algebraic sum of positive charges and negative charges

 The atom is the basic unit of an element that can enter into che

Law of Definite Proportions

}
A compound has the same composition regardless of quantity o
Law of Conservation of Mass
}
This is the basis of a balanced equation

Chemical reactions involve orbital electrons only; so there is no

} the number of protons
that can enter into chemical combination

egardless of quantity or source

ns only; so there is no change in