Lesson 3 : General Chemistry

Joel S. Bombales
 Discussion Overview
• Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- Explain how the basic laws of matter led to the
formulation of Dalton’s Atomic Theory

• Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

• Subatomic Particles
 History of atoms
Atoms
- comes from the Greek word of “Atomos” which means
“Invisible”

1. Around 440 B.C.., Leucippus originated the atom

concept.
2. One of his students, Democritus (460 BC – 371 BC)
extend the idea.
 Cont..
3. Five major points in their atomic concept:

a. All matter is composed of atoms, which are too small to

be seen.
b. Atoms has empty spaces between them.
c. Atoms are homogenous with no internal structure.
d. Atoms can differ in size, shape, and weight.
e. Atoms are completely solid.
 Dalton’s Atomic Theory

John Dalton (1805-1808) suggested that all

matter was made up of tiny spheres that
were able to bounce around with perfect
elasticity and called them ATOMS.

1. All Atoms of a given element are

identical.
2. The atoms of different elements vary in
mass and size.
3. Atoms are indestructible. Chemical
reactions may result in their
arrangement, but not their creation or
destruction.
 Law of Conservation of Mass

Atoms are neither created or destroyed during physical or chemical

process.
Atoms are separated, combined, or rearranged in a reaction they are
not created, destroyed or divided.
 Law of Constant Composition

- Also known as the law of definite proportions.

- All samples of a compound have the same composition – the
same proportions by mass of a constituent elements.
Law of Constant Composition
 Law of Multiple Composition

- If two elements form more than a single compound, the masses of

one element combined with a fixed mass of the second are in the
ratio of the whole numbers.
 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

ATOM MOLECULE ION

Consist of tiny Consist of independent structure Formed when an atom or

indivisible particle of an consisting of two or more atoms molecule gains or looses
element chemically bonded together electrons

Every element has Atoms in a molecule are held Ions can be monoatomic
only one kind of atom together by a covalent bond or polyatomic

  Positively or negatively
Neutral (ex. O, H) Neutral (ex. )
(ex. Na+, OH-)
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
 Subatomic Particles
Protons (+) Electrons (-) Neutrons (No charge)
 Subatomic Particles
Protons (+) Electrons (-) Neutrons (No charge)

Mass number = 12
Subatomic Particles
Thank
You!!