Penentuan lokasi

epicenter berbasis
beda waktu
gelombang P dan S
Farid Maruf
Topik Bahasan
 Follow the Rainbow!

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project Copyright David Stolarz, January 22, 2010
 Menentukan lokasi
episenter berbasis beda
waktu gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

Proses selesai

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu gelombang
P dan S
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A
B
C

Start Simple – Draw a Line Down From the P-Wave to the Time Scale

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu gelombang
P dan S
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A
B
C

Judge what time the P-wave starts

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu gelombang
P dan S
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

08:16 17 18 19

A Quarter after 8 O’Clock! And No Seconds!

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A
B
C

A zoom-in shows P-wave starting at approximately 08:16:00

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00

B
C

Put that value in the appropriate box

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00

B
C

Repeat the same process for the S-wave.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

08:21:00 (S-Wave Time)

-08:16:00 (P-Wave Time)

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00

B
C

Calculate the interval between the two wave arrivals at the seisomgraph

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

08:21:00 (S-Wave Time)

-08:16:00 (P-Wave Time)
00:05:00 (Time
Difference)
( 0 Hours, 5 Minutes, 0 Seconds )

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

B
C

Enter that time in the appropriate box

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

B
C

Go to page 11 of your Earth Science Reference Tables for the chart shown
above
 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
 Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

B
C

Use the P-S Wave time interval to figure out the distance to the epicenter

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Scrap Paper

Place Marks at
P-S Wave Interval
Time and at 0.

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

B
C

Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
Scrap Paper gelombang P dan S

Scrap Paper

Slide paper up
and over until the
reference marks
Line up with the
P and S Lines.

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

B
C

Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
Scrap Paper gelombang P dan S
Lightly, make a
reference mark in pencil
on the reference table
at this place on the P line.

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

B
C

For convenience, make a light pencil mark on the P line for use in the next step

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 .2 . 4 .6 .8

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

B
C

Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter
distance.
 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
 Lightly, make
reference marks in pencil
On the reference table
at these two places .

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km

B
C

Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 Travel Time

00:06:40
(minutes)

00:06:20

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km

B
C

Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20

B
C

Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

ERASE YOUR MARK!

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20

B
C

Erase your pencil mark on the P-wave to keep your reference table clean

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)
00:06:20 (P Travel Time)

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20

B
C

Calculate what time the earthquake happened using the Arrival and travel
times
 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
 08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)
MINUS! - 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20

B
C

Obviously, the earthquake happened earlier than when its was felt miles away

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 08:15:60 (1 min. is 60
sec)
08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)
- 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20

B
C

Convert hours to minutes or minutes to seconds when necessary

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

 08:15:60 (1 min. is 60
sec)
08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)
- 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)
08:09:40 (Time at
Origin)

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B
C

Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00
C

Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00
C

Repeat the same process for the S-wave.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00

C

Use the P-S Wave time interval to set reference marks for the sliding step

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00

Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00

Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km

Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter
distance.
 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20

C

Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

Follow the same overall process for Station C

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00

Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00

Repeat the same process for the S-wave.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00

Use the P-S Wave time interval and the y axis of the reference table

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00

Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave time
value
 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00

Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km

Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20

Calculate what time the earthquake happened using the Arrival and travel
times
 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Using Scrap Paper

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

Calculate and place the time of earthquake in the proper box

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Z
$
A $
Z B

All three arcs must pass through

the earthquake epicenter, in this
case, the San Andreas fault in
California, USA.
C
0 5000 km Z
$
Using scrap paper.

3600 km

Use the Station info to locate the epicenter of the earthquake on a map

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Z
$
A $
Z B

C
0 5000 km Z
$

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

On the Station Map, Find Station A

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Z
$
A $
Z B

C
0 5000 km Z
$

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

Find Station B

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Z
$
A $
Z B

C
0 5000 km Z
$

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

Find Station C

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Z
$
A $ B
Z Distance to the
Station Epicenter

A 3.6 x103 km

B 5.0 x103 km

C 7.6 x103 km

C
0 5000 km Z
$

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

Use the Distance to Epicenter for each station

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Z
$
A $ B
Z Distance to the Distance to the
Station Epicenter Epicenter

A 3.6 x103 km 3,600 km

or
B 5.0 x10 km3 5,000 km

C 7.6 x103 km
7,600 km

C
0 5000 km Z
$

Arrival Time of Arrival Time of P-S Wave Distance to the P-Wave Travel Origin Time of
Station P-Wave the S-Wave Interval Epicenter Time Earthquake

A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

Convert scientific notation for the distance to the epicenter for each station

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S
Distance to the
Station Epicenter

A 3,600 km

B 5,000 km
A $
Z
$
B
Z
C 7,600 km

Using the scale bar below as the

reference, scribe a circle around
the three points using a
compass, string, or scrap paper. C
0 5000 km Z
$

3600 km

Scribe the arc for Station A using the map scale distance

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S
Distance to the
Station Epicenter

A 3,600 km

B 5,000 km
A $
Z
$
B
Z
C 7,600 km

The two circles cross at two

points. A third circle is needed
to confirm the earthquake
epicenter. C
0 5000 km Z
$

5000 km

Scribe the arc for Station B using the map scale distance

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S
Distance to the
Station Epicenter

A 3,600 km

B 5,000 km
A $
Z
$
B
Z
C 7,600 km

All three arcs must pass through

the earthquake epicenter, in this
case, the San Andreas fault in
California, USA.
C
0 5000 km Z
$
Using scrap paper.

3600 km

If the distance is longer than the scale, use scrap paper to extend the scale.

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

Menentukan lokasi episenter
berbasis beda waktu
gelombang P dan S

Z
$
A $
Z B

All three arcs must pass through

the earthquake epicenter, in this
case, the San Andreas fault in
California, USA.
C
0 5000 km Z
$
Using scrap paper.

3600 km

Where the three arcs cross is the epicenter – Circle it!

 NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project