Measurement Of Water Quality Which Is The Hardness

Of Water In Reverse Osmosis System

 1.1 Introduction

Water is essential to human life and the health of the environment. As a valuable natural

resource, it comprises marine, estuarine, freshwater (river and lakes) and groundwater

environments that stretch across coastal and inland areas. Water has two dimensions that are

closely linked: quantity and quality. Water quality is commonly defined by its physical,

chemical, biological and aesthetic (appearance and smell) characteristics. A healthy

environment is one in which the water quality supports a rich and varied community of

organisms and protects public health.

Water quality in a body of water influences the way in which communities use the water for

activities such as drinking, swimming or commercial purposes. More specifically, the water

may be used by the community for:

 supplying drinking water

 recreation (swimming, boating)

 irrigating crops and watering stock

 industrial processes

 navigation and shipping

 production of edible fish, shellfish and crustaceans

 protection of aquatic ecosystems

 wildlife habitats

 scientific study and education.

(Office of Environment and Heritage ,12 May 2017)

The water filter system used for this coursework is reverse osmosis .According to Wikipedia,

reverse osmosis is a water purification technology that uses a semi-permeable membrane to

remove ions,molecules, and larger particles from drinking water.Hardness of water is one

quality of water.Hard water is water which contains calcium ions and magnesium ions. The

method used to measure the hardness of water is EDTA titration. Then,eriochrome black t is

used as an indicator to detect the end point of the titration.

The advantages of hard water are calcium ions in water are good for children’s teeth and

bones and it helps to reduce heart disease but the disadvantage is scum may form in a

reaction with soap, soap will be wasted.

1.2 Problem statement

1.4 Objective of research