Experiment 4: Turbidity and the dissolved oxygen [EV305] Water and Waste Water

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction: .................................................................................................................................... 2
Objectives: .................................................................................................................................. 3
Materials and Apparatus.....................................................................................................................................................3
Material ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Equipment ................................................................................................................................... 3
Safety measures: ............................................................................................................................. 3
Procedures: ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Results:............................................................................................................................................ 5
Calculations................................................................................................................................. 5
Discussion: ...................................................................................................................................... 6
- The relationship of turbidity and chemical dosage level: .................................................... 6
- The effect of turbidity on dissolve oxygen level in water.................................................... 7
Conclusion: ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Limitation:....................................................................................................................................... 8
References: ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 10

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Experiment 4: Turbidity and the dissolved oxygen [EV305] Water and Waste Water

INTRODUCTION:

Turbidity is a measure of water’s lack of clarity. Water with high turbidity is cloudy,
while water with low turbidity is clear. The cloudiness is produced by light reflecting off of
particles in the water; therefore, the more particles in the water, the higher the turbidity.

High turbidity will decrease the amount of sunlight able to penetrate the water, thereby
decreasing the photosynthetic rate. Reduced clarity also makes the water less aesthetically
pleasing. While this may not be harmful directly, it is certainly undesirable for many water uses.
When the water is cloudy, sunlight will warm it more efficiently. This occurs because the
suspended particles in the water absorb the sunlight, warming the surrounding water. This can
lead to other problems associated with increased temperature levels.

Turbidity is measured in NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) or JTU (Jackson turbidity

units) depending on the method used for measurement. These two units are roughly equal.
(“Turbidity Measurement,” n.d.)

The WHO (World Health Organization) establishes that minimum turbidity of water
should not be more than 5 NTU, and should be ideally lower than 1 NTU. (“Turbidity,” n.d.) In
excess of 5 NTU, the turbid is noticeable by visual observation. (Hammer and Hammer Jr.,
2008)

Effects of Turbidity:

- Reduces water clarity.

- Aesthetically displeasing.
- Decreases photosynthetic rate.
- Increases water temperature.

Dissolved Oxygen, all living things need oxygen to live, even those animals and plants
that live in water require oxygen. Several factors affect the amount of oxygen dissolved in the
water in streams. Colder water usually has more oxygen, because gasses dissolve better in cold
temperatures. Lots of water motion and splashing also helps mix oxygen into the water.
Fertilizers and other nutrients used to promote plant growth on farms and in gardens may find
their way into water. At first, these nutrients encourage the growth of plants and algae in water.

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