Odd14 PDF

C H A P T E R 14
Vector Analysis
Section 14.1 Vector Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Section 14.2 Line Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path . . . . . . 190
Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Section 14.6 Surface Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Review Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

C H A P T E R 14
Vector Analysis
Section 14.1 Vector Fields
Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises
1. All vectors are parallel to y-axis. 3. All vectors point outward. 5. Vectors are parallel to x-axis for
Matches (c) Matches (b) y n.
Matches (a)
7. Fx, y i j 9. Fx, y x i yj 11. Fx, y, z 3yj
F 2 F x2 y2 c

F 3 y c
y x2 y2 c2 z
4
y
5
1
x
−4
2 4 y
x x
−5 3 5
−4
−5
13. Fx, y 4x i yj 15. Fx, y, z i j k 17. y
F 16x2 y2 c F 3 2
x2 y 2 z
1
1
c 216 c2 4 y x
−2 −1 1 2
y
4 −1
2 −4
−2
4 x
x −4
−2 −1 1 2
−2
21. f x, y 5x2 3xy 10y2 23. f x, y, z z ye x

2
z
19.
fxx, y 10x 3y fxx, y, z 2x ye x
2
2
fyx, y 3x 20y fyx, y, z e x

2
1
1 1 y Fx, y 10x 3y i 3x 20y j fz 1

2
Fx, y, z 2 x ye x i e x j k
2 2 2
178
Section 14.1 Vector Fields 179
25. gx, y, z xy lnx y

xy
gxx, y, z y lnx y
xy
xy
gyx, y, z x lnx y
xy
gzx, y, z 0
Gx, y, z x xy y y lnx y i x xy y x lnx y j

27. Fx, y 12xyi 6x2 y j 29. Fx, y sin yi x cos yj
M 12xy and N 6x2 y have continuous first M sin y and N x cos y have continuous first partial
partial derivatives. derivatives.
N M N M
12x ⇒ F is conservative. cos y ⇒ F is conservative.
x y x y
2 2x
31. M 15y3, N 5xy2 33. M e2xy, N 2 e 2xy
y y
N M
5y2 45y2 ⇒ Not conservative N 2 y 2x 2xy M
x y e ⇒ Conservative
x y3 y
x y
35. Fx, y 2xy i x2 j 37. Fx, y xe x y2yi x j
2
39. Fx, y i 2 j
x2 y2 x y2

2xy 2x
2 xye x y 2xe x y 2x 3 ye x y
x

2 2 2
2xy
y y 2
y x2 y2 x y22
2 2 x2y

x e 2xe x y 2x 3 ye x y
y

x 2x
2 2
2xy
x x 2
x x 2 y 2 x y 22
Conservative Conservative Conservative
fxx, y 2xye x
2y
fxx, y 2xy x
fxx, y
fyx, y x 2e x x2 y2
2y
fyx, y x 2
f x, y e x y K
2
y
f x, y x 2 y K fyx, y
x2 y2
1
f x, y lnx2 y2 K
2

41. Fx, y e xcos y i sin y j 43. Fx, y, z x yz i y j z k, 1, 2, 1
x i j k

e cos y e x sin y
y
curl F xyj xzk
x x y z

e sin y e x sin y xyz y z
x
curl F 1, 2, 1 2j k
Not conservative

45. Fx, y, z e x sin y i e x cos y j, 0, 0, 3
i j k

curl F x y z 2e cos yk
x
e x sin y ex cos y 0

curl F 0, 0, 3 2k
180 Chapter 14 Vector Analysis

47. Fx, y, z arctan xy i lnx 2 y2 j k
i j k
xy2
x x

2x
curl F x y z k 2 k
2 y2 1 xy2 x y2
x
arctan y 1
2
lnx 2 y 2 1

49. Fx, y, z sinx y i sin y z j sinz xk
i j k

curl F cos y z i cosz x j cosx y k
x y z
sinx y sin y z sinz x

51. Fx, y, z sin y i x cos y j k 53. Fx, y, z e z y i xj xyk
i j k i j k

curl F x y z 2 cos yk 0 curl F x y z 0
sin y x cos y 1 yez xe z xye z
Not conservative Conservative
fx x, y, z ye z
fy x, y, z xe z
fz x, y, z xye z
f x, y, z xye z K

1 x
55. Fx, y, z i 2 j 2z 1k 57. Fx, y 6x 2 i xy 2 j
y y

i j k div Fx, y
6x 2
x y 2
x y

curl F x y z 0 12x 2xy
1 x 2z 1
y y2
Conservative
1
fx x, y, z
y
x
fy x, y, z
y2
fz x, y, z 2z 1
f x, y, z 1
y
x
dx g y, z K1
y
f x, y, z
x
y2
x
dy hx, z K2
y
f x, y, z 2z 1 dz
z 2 z px, y K3
x
f x, y, z z2 z K
y
Section 14.1 Vector Fields 181
59. Fx, y, z sin x i cos y j z 2 k

div Fx, y, z
sin x
cos y
z2 cos x sin y 2z
x y z
61. Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k 63. Fx, y, z e x sin y i e x cos y j
div Fx, y, z yz 1 1 yz 2 div Fx, y, z e x sin y e x sin y
div F1, 2, 1 4 div F0, 0, 3 0
65. See the definition, page 1008. Examples include velocity 67. See the definition on page 1014.
fields, gravitational fields and magnetic fields.
69. Fx, y, z i 2x j 3y k
Gx, y, z x i y j zk

i j k
F G 1 2x 3y 2xz 3y 2 i z 3x y j y 2x 2k

x y z
i j k

curl F G x y z 1 1 i 4x 2x j 3y 6yk 6xj 3yk
2xz 3y 2 3xy z y 2x 2

71. Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k 73. Fx, y, z i 2x j 3yk
Gx, y, z xi y j zk

i j k
curl F x y j xz k i j k
x y z F G 1 2x 3y

xyz y z x y z
i j k
2xz 3y 2 i z 3x y j y 2x 2k
curlcurl F z j yk
x y z divF G 2z 3x
0 xy xz

75. Fx, y, z xyz i y j zk
i j k

curl F x y z xyj xzk
xyz y z
divcurl F x x 0
77. Let F M i N j Pk and G Q i R j S k where M, N, P, Q, R, and S have continuous partial derivatives.

F G M Q i N R j P Sk
i j k

curlF G x y z
MQ NR PS

yP S N R i
z x
P S M Q j
z x
N R M Q k
y
P
y

N
z
P M
i
x z
j
N M
x

y
S R
y z
S Q
k i
x z
R Q
j
x y
k
curl F curl G
79. Let F M i Nj P k and G R i Sj T k.

M R N S P T
divF G M R N S P T
x y z x x y y z z
M N P R S T
x y z x y z
div F div G
81. F M i N j Pk

f F curl f F
curl f curl F (Exercise 77)
curl F (Exercise 78)
F
83. Let F M i Nj Pk, then f F f M i f Nj f Pk.

M f N f P f
div f F f M f N fP f M f N f P
x y z x x y y z z
f M
x

N N
y

f
z x
f
y
f
M N P
z
f div F f
F
In Exercises 85 and 87, Fx, y, z xi yj zk and f x, y, z Fx, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2.
1
85. ln f lnx 2 y 2 z 2
2
x y z xi yj z k F
ln f 2 i 2 j 2 k 2 2
x y2 z2 x y2 z2 x y2 z2 x y2 z2 f
87. f n x 2 y 2 z 2
n
x y
f n nx 2 y 2 z 2 i nx 2 y 2 z 2
n1 n1
j
x 2 y 2 z 2 x 2 y 2 z 2
z
n x 2 y 2 z 2 n1 k
x 2 y 2 z 2
nx 2 y 2 z 2 n2x i yj z k n f n2 F
89. The winds are stronger over Phoenix. Although the winds over both cities are northeasterly,
they are more towards the east over Atlanta.
Section 14.2 Line Integrals 183
Section 14.2 Line Integrals

t i, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3
3i t 3 j, 3 ≤ t ≤ 6
1. x2 y2 9 3. rt
9 t i 3j, 6 ≤ t ≤ 9
x2 y2 12 t j, 9 ≤ t ≤ 12
1
9 9
cos2 t sin2 t 1
x2
cos2 t
9
y2
sin2 t
9
x 3 cos t
y 3 sin t
rt 3 cos t i 3 sin t j
0 ≤ t ≤ 2
t2i tit j, 2 tj, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

5. r t
1 ≤ t ≤ 2
7. r t 4 t i 3tj, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2; rt 4 i 3j
C
x y ds 0
2
4t 3t42 32 dt 0
2
5t dt 5t2
2 2
0
10

9. rt sin t i cos t j 8t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ ; rt cos t i sin t j 8k
2
C
x 2 y 2 z 2 ds 2
0
sin2 t cos2 t 64t 2cos t2 sin t2 64 dt
2
0

651 64t 2 dt 65 t
64t 3
3
2

0
65
2 83
3 65
6
3 16 2
11. rt t i, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3 y
C
x 2 y 2 ds 3
0
t 2 02 1 0 dt
2

1
3
t 2 dt x
1 2 3
0
−1
3 t
3
1
3
9
0
y
13. rt cos t i sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
2
C
x 2 y 2 ds 0
2
cos 2 t sin2 t sin t2 cos t2 dt
1
2
0
dt

2 1
x
15. rt t i t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 y

C
x 4y ds 1
0
t 4t 1 1 dt
1 (1, 1)

2 3 t
t2 8 1
192
2 3 2
1
x
0 6

t i, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 y
17. rt 2 t i t 1 j, 1 ≤ t ≤ 2
3 t j, 2 ≤ t ≤ 3 (0, 1)

C1
x 4y ds 0
1
t dt
1
2
C3
C2

x
2 (1, 0)
x 4y ds 2 t 4t 1 1 1 dt
C1
C2 1
192

2
t2 8
2 2t t 13 2
2 3 1 6

C3
x 4y ds 2
3 8
43 t dt 3 t3 2
3
3
2

8
3

C
1 192 8 19 192 191 2
x 4y ds
2 6

3 6

6
1
19. x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
2
rt 3 cos t i 3 sin tj 2t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4
rt 3 sin t i 3 cos t j 2k
rt 3 sin t2 3 cos t2 22 13
Mass
C
x, y, z ds
4
0
1
2
3 cos t2 3 sin t2 2t2 13 dt

13
2 0
4
9 4t 2 dt
13
2
9t 4t3
3 4
213
27 64 2 4973.8
3
21. Fx, y xyi yj 23. Fx, y 3x i 4yi

C: rt 4t i tj, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 C: rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
2
Ft 4t 2 i t j Ft 6 cos t i 8 sin t j
rt 4i j rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j
C
F dr 0
1
16t 2 t dt
C
F dr 0
2
12 sin t cos t 16 sin t cos t dt
2

1
16 3 1 2 35 2 sin2 t 2
t t
3 2 0 6 0
25. Fx, y, z x 2 yi x zj x yzk 27. Fx, y, z x 2 z i 6yj yz 2 k

C: rt t i t 2 j 2k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 rt t i t 2 j ln t k, 1 ≤ t ≤ 3
Ft t 4 i t 2j 2 t 3 k Ft t 2 ln t i 6t 2 j t 2 ln 2 tk
r t i 2 t j

1
d r i 2 t j k dt
1 t
F dr

2t t 2 dt
t4 3
F dr t 2 ln t 12t 3 t ln t2 dt
C 0
t5 2t3
5 3 1
17 C 1
2t 2
0 15 249.49
29. Fx, y x i 2y j
C: y x3 from 0, 0 to 2, 8
rt t i t 3 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
rt i 3t 2 j
Ft t i 2t 3 j
F r t 6t 5
Work
C
F dr 2
0
1

t 6t 5 dt t 2 t 6
2
2
0
66
31. Fx, y 2xi yj

C: counterclockwise around the triangle whose vertices are 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1

t i, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
rt i t 1 j, 1 ≤ t ≤ 2
3 t i 3 t j, 2 ≤ t ≤ 3
On C1: Ft 2t i, rt i
Work C1
F dr 1
0
2t dt 1
On C2: Ft 2 i t 1 j, rt j
Work C2
F dr 1
2
t 1 dt
1
2
On C3: Ft 23 t i 3 t j, rt i j
Work C3
F dr 2
3
2 3 t 3 t dt
3
2
Total work C
F dr 1
1 3
0
2 2
10
33. Fx, y, z x i yj 5zk 35. rt 3 sin t i 3 cos t j t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
2
C: rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
F 150k
rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j k
Ft 2 cos t i 2 sin t j 5tk
dr 3 cos t i 3 sin t j
10
2
k dt
F r 5t
F dr 2
1500
dt
1500

2
1500 ft lb

t
2
C 0 2 2 0
Work F dr 5t dt 10 2
C 0
37. Fx, y x2 i xyj
(a) r1t 2t i t 1 j, 1 ≤ t ≤ 3 (b) r2t 23 t i 2 t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

r1t 2 i j r2t 2i j
Ft 4t i 2tt 1 j
2
Ft 43 t2 i 23 t2 t j
C1
F dr 1
3
8t 2 2tt 1 dt
236
3 C2
F dr
2
0
83 t2 23 t2 t dt
Both paths join 2, 0 and 6, 2. The integrals are negatives 236
of each other because the orientations are different.
3
39. Fx, y yi x j 41. Fx, y x 3 2x 2 i x

y
2j
C: rt t i 2 t j
C: rt t i t 2 j
rt i 2 j
rt i 2 t j
Ft 2 t i t j
F r 2t 2t 0
Ft t 3 2t 2 i t
2
t2
j
Thus, F dr 0. F r t 3 2t 2 2t t
t2
2
0

C
Thus, F dr 0.
C
y
43. x 2t, y 10t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 ⇒ y 5x or x , 0 ≤ y ≤ 10
5
C
x 3y 2 d y 10
0

5y 3y dy 10y y
2
2
3
10
0
1010
y 1
45. x 2t, y 10t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 ⇒ x , 0 ≤ y ≤ 10, dx dy
5 5
C
xy dx y dy
10
0
y2
25
y dy
y3
75

y2
2
10
0

190
3
OR
y 5x, d y 5 dx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
C
xy dx y dy 0
2
5x 2 25x dx 5x3
3

25x 2
2
2
0

190
3
y
47. rt t i, 0 ≤ t ≤ 5
3
xt t, yt 0 2
dx dt, dy 0 1

x
5 1 2 3 4 5
2x y dx x 3y d y 2t dt 25 −1
C 0 −2
49. rt t3ii, t 3j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3

3 ≤ t ≤ 6
C1: xt t, yt 0,
dx dt, dy 0
C1
2x y dx x 3y dy 0
3
2t dt 9
C2: xt 3, yt t 3

dx 0, dy dt
C2
2x y dx x 3y dy 3
6
3 3t 3 dt 2
3t 2
6t
6
3

45
2
C
2x y dx x 3y dy 9
45 63
2

2
y
(3, 3)
3
2
C2
1
C1
x
1 2 3
51. xt t, yt 1 t2, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, dx dt, dy 2t dt
C
2x y dx x 3y dy
1
0
2 t 1 t 2 t 3 3t 22t dt

1
0
6t 3 t 2 4t 1 dt 3t2
4

t3
3
2t 2 t
1
0

11
6
53. xt t, yt 2t 2, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

dx dt, dy 4t dt
C
2x y dx x 3y dy
0
2
2t 2t 2 dt t 6t 2 4t dt

0
2

2
24t 3 2t 2 2t dt 6t 4 t 3 t 2
3
2
0

316
3
55. f x, y h 57. f x, y xy

C: line from 0, 0 to 3, 4 C: x 2 y 2 1 from 1, 0 to 0, 1
r 3t i 4t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
rt cos t i sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
rt 3i 4j 2
rt 5 rt sin t i cos t j

rt 1
Lateral surface area:
C
f x, y ds
0
1
5h dt 5h
f x, y ds 2
cos t sin t dt
C 0
2
sin2 t
2
1

0 2
59. f x, y h
C: y 1 x 2 from 1, 0 to 0, 1
rt 1 t i 1 1 t2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
rt i 21 tj
rt 1 41 t 2
C
f x, y ds 0
1
h1 4 1 t2 dt
0
1
h

4
21 t1 41 t2 ln 21 t 1 41 t2

h
4
25 ln 2 5 1.4789h
61. f x, y xy
C: y 1 x 2 from 1, 0 to 0, 1
You could parameterize the curve C as in Exercises 59 and 60. Alternatively, let x cos t, then:
y 1 cos2 t sin2 t
rt cos t i sin2 t j, 0 ≤ t ≤

2
rt sin t i 2 sin t cos t j
rt sin2 t 4 sin2 t cos2 t sin t1 4 cos2 t
C
f x, y ds
0
2
cos t sin2 t sin t1 4 cos2 t dt 2
0
sin2 t 1 4 cos2 t1 2 sin t cos t dt
Let u sin2 t and dv 1 4 cos2 t1 2 sin t cos t, then du 2 sin t cos t dt and v 12 1 4 cos2 t3 2.
1
C
f x, y ds
1
12
sin2 t1 4 cos2 t3 2
2
0

1
6
2
0
1 4 cos2 t3 2 sin t cos t dt
2

1 1
sin2 t 1 4 cos2 t 3 2 1 4 cos2 t5 2
12 120 0

1

1
12 120

1
120
55 2
1
120
255 11 0.3742
63. (a) f x, y 1 y 2 (c) z
rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

5
rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j
rt 2

−3
2
S f x, y ds 1 4 sin2 t2 dt 3 3 y
C 0 x
2

2t 4t sin t cos t 0
12 37.70 cm2
12
(b) 0.212 7.54 cm3
5
65. S 25 z
60
Matches b 50
40
30
20
10
y
3 3
x
67. (a) Graph of: rt 3 cos t i 3 sin t j 1 sin2 2t k 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

z
3 3 y
4 4
(b) Consider the portion of the surface in the first quadrant. The curve z 1 sin2 2t is over the curve r1t 3 cos t i
3 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2. Hence, the total lateral surface area is
4
C
f x, y ds 4 0
2
1 sin2 2t3 d t 12
34 9 sq. cm
(c) The cross sections parallel to the xz-plane are rectangles of height 1 4 y 321 y 2 9 and base 29 y 2. Hence,
Volume 2 3
0
29 y 2 1 4
y2
9
1
y2
9 dy 42.412 cm 3
69. See the definition of Line Integral, page 1020.

See Theorem 14.4.
71. The greater the height of the

surface over the curve, the greater the lateral surface area. y
Hence, 4
z 3 < z1 < z 2 < z 4 . 3
x
1 2 3 4
73. False 75. False, the orientations are different.
C
xy ds 2 1
0
t 2 dt
Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path
1. Fx, y x 2 i xy j

(a) r1t t i t 2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 (b) r2 sin i sin2 j, 0 ≤ ≤
2
r1t i 2t j
r2 cos i 2 sin cos j
Ft t 2 i t 3 j
Ft sin2 i sin3 j
C
F dr 0
1
t 2 2t 4 dt
11
15 C
F dr 2
0
sin2 cos 2 sin4 cos d
2
sin3 2 sin5
3 5
11

0 15
3. F x, y y i x j

(a) r1 sec i tan j, 0 ≤ ≤
3
r1 sec tan i sec2 j
F tan i sec j
C
F dr
0
3
sec tan2 sec3 d 0
3
sec sec2 1 sec3 d
3
0

sec d ln sec tan
3
0 ln 2 3 1.317
(b) r2t t 1 i t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3
1 1
r2t i j
2 t 1 2 t
Ft t i t 1 j
C
F dr
0
3
t
2 t 1

t 1
2 t dt 12
3
0
1
t t 1
dt
1
2
0
3
1
t 2 t 14 14
dt

3
t 21
t
3
1 1 1
dt ln 2
t
2 0 t 12 2 14 2 0

1
2
7
ln 2 3 ln
2
1
2

12 ln 7 4 3 1.317
1 x
5. Fx, y e x sin yi ex cos yj 7. Fx, y i 2j
y y
N M
e x cos y e x cos y N 1 M 1
x y 2 2
x y y y
N M
Since , F is conservative. N M
x y Since
, F is not conservative.
x y
9. Fx, y, z y 2 z i 2xyz j xy 2 k
curl F 0 ⇒ F is conservative.
Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path 191
11. Fx, y 2xyi x 2 j

(a) r1t t i t 2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 (b) r2t t i t 3 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
r1t i 2t j r2 t i 3t 2 j
Ft 2t 3 i t 2 j Ft 2t 4 i t 2 j
C
F dr 0
1
4t 3 dt 1 C
F dr 1
0
5t 4 dt 1
13. Fx, y yi xj
(a) r1t t i t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 (b) r2t t i t 2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 (c) r3t t i t 3 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
r1t i j r2 t i 2t j r3t i 3t 2 j
Ft t i t j Ft t 2 i t j Ft t 3 i t j
C
F dr 0 C
F dr
0
1
t 2 dt
1
3 C
F dr 0
1
2t 3 dt
1
2
15. C
y 2 dx 2 xy dy
Since M y N x 2y, Fx, y y 2 i 2xy j is conservative. The potential function is f x, y xy 2 k. Therefore, we
can use the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals.
(a) C
y 2 dx 2xy dy x 2 y
4, 4
0, 0
64 (b) C
y 2 dx 2xy dy x 2 y
1, 0
1, 0
0
(c) and (d) Since C is a closed curve, C

y 2 dx 2xy dy 0.
17. C
2x y dx x 2 y 2 dy
19. Fx, y, z yz i xz j xyk
Since M y N x 2x, Since curl F 0, Fx, y, z is conservative. The potential
function is f x, y, z xyz k.
Fx, y 2xyi x 2 y 2 j is conservative.
(a) r1t t i 2j tk, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4
y3
The potential function is f x, y x2y

k. 4, 2, 4
3

F d r xyz 32
(a) C
2x y dx x 2 y 2 dy x 2 y y3
3
0, 4

5, 0

64
3
C 0, 2, 0
(b) r 2t t 2 i t j t 2 k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
(b) C
2x y dx x 2 y 2 dy x 2 y y3
3
0, 4
2, 0

64
3
C

F dr xyz
4, 2, 4
(0, 0, 0
32
21. Fx, y, z 2y x i x2 z j 2y 4zk

Fx, y, z is not conservative.
(a) r1t t i t 2 j k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
r1t i 2t j
Ft 2t 2 t i t 2 1 j 2t 2 4k
C
F dr 0
1
2t 3 2t 2 t dt
2
3
—CONTINUED—
21. —CONTINUED—
(b) r2t t i t j 2t 12 k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
r2t i j 4 2t 1k
Ft 3t i t 2 2t 12 j 2t 4 2t 1 2 k
C
F dr 1
0
3t t 2 2t 12 8t 2t 1 162t 13 dt
1
0
17t 2 5t 2t 12 162t 13 dt 17t3
3

5t 2 2t 1 3
2

6
22t 14
1
0

17
6
23. Fx, y, z e z y i x j x y k 25.

C
yi x j dr xy
3, 8
0, 0
24
Fx, y, z is conservative. The potential function is
f x, y, z xye z k.
(a) r1t 4 cos t i 4 sin tj 3k, 0 ≤ t ≤
C

F dr xye z
4, 0, 3
4, 0, 3
0
(b) r2t 4 8t i 3k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
C

F dr xye z
4, 0, 3
4, 0, 3
0
27. C
cos x sin y dx sin x cos y dy sin x sin y
32, 2
0,
1
29. C

e x sin y dx e x cos y dy e x sin y
2, 0

0, 0
0
31. C
y 2z dx x 3z dy 2x 3y dz
Fx, y, z is conservative and the potential function is f x, y, z xy 3yz 2xz.

1, 1, 1
(a) xy 3yz 2xz 0, 0, 0
000
0, 0, 1 1, 1, 1
(b) xy 3yz 2xz 0, 0, 0

xy 3yz 2xz 0, 0, 1
000
1, 0, 0 1, 1, 0 1, 1, 1

(c) xy 3yz 2xz 0, 0, 0

xy 3yz 2xz 1, 0, 0

xy 3yz 2xz
1, 1, 0
0 1 1 0
33. C
sin x dx z dy y dz cos x yz
2, 3, 4
0, 0, 0
12 1 11
35. Fx, y 9x 2 y 2 i 6x 3 y 1 j is conservative.

5, 9

Work 3x 3 y 2 y
0, 0
30,366
Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem 193
37. rt 2 cos 2 t i 2 sin 2 t j

rt 4 sin 2 t i 4 cos 2 t j
at 8 2 cos 2 t i 8 2 sin 2 t j
1 2
Ft m a t 32 at 4
cos 2 t i sin 2 t j
W C
F dr C

2
4
cos 2 t i sin 2 t j 4sin 2 t i cos 2 t j dt 3 C
0 dt 0
39. Since the sum of the potential and kinetic energies remains constant from point to point, if the kinetic energy is decreasing at a
rate of 10 units per minute, then the potential energy is increasing at a rate of 10 units per minute.
41. No. The force field is conservative. 43. See Theorem 14.5, page 1033.
45. (a) The direct path along the line segment joining 4, 0 to 3, 4 requires less work than the path going from
4, 0 to 4, 4 and then to 3, 4.
(b) The closed curve given by the line segments joining 4, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, and 4, 0 satisfies
C
F dr 0.
47. False, it would be true if F were conservative. 49. True
51. Let
f f
F Mi Nj i j.
y x
M f 2f N f 2f
Then
y

y y
2
y and
x

x

x x
2. Since
2f 2f M N
0 we have .
x 2 y 2 y x
Thus, F is conservative. Therefore, by Theorem 14.7, we have
C
f
y
dx
f
x
dy C
M dx N dy
C
F dr 0
for every closed curve in the plane.
Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem

0 ≤ t ≤ 4
y
t i,
(4, 4)
4 i t 4 j, 4 ≤ t ≤ 8 4
1. r t
12 t i 4j, 8 ≤ t ≤ 12 3
16 t j, 12 ≤ t ≤ 16

2
4 8
y dx x dy
2 2
0 dt t 0
2
t 4 0 16 dt
2 1
C 0 4

x
12 16 1 2 3 4
16dt 12 t20 16 t20 0dt

8 12
0 64 64 0 0
By Green’s Theorem,
R
N M
x

y
dA 4
0 0
4
2x 2y dy dx 4
0
8x 16 dx 0.
t i t 2
4 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 y
3. rt
8 t i 8 t j, 4 ≤ t ≤ 8 4
(4, 4)
C
y 2 dx x 2 dy
4
0
t4
16
t
dt t 2 dt
2 4
8
8 t2dt 8 t2dt
3
2
C2

4 8 C1
t4 t3

224 128 32 1
dt 28 t2 dt
0 16 2 4 5 3 15 x
1 2 3 4
By Green’s Theorem,

R
N M
x

y
dA
0
4 x
x 2
4
2x 2y dy dx
4
0
x2
x3
2

x4
16
32
dx .
15
5. C: x 2 y 2 4
Let x 2 cos t and y 2 sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2.
C
xey dx e x dy 0
2
2 cos te2 sin t 2 sin t e2 cos t 2 cos t dt 19.99

R
N M
x

y
dA 2
2 4x 2
4x 2
ex xey dy dx 2
2
2 4 x 2
e x xe 4x xe 4x dx 19.99
2 2

N M
In Exercises 7 and 9, 1.
x y
2 x y
7. y x dx 2x y dy dy dx (2, 2)
C 0 x2 x 2
2 y=x
2x x 2 dx
1
0
y = x2 − x
4
x
3 1 2
9. From the accompanying figure, we see that R is the shaded region. Thus, Green’s y
Theorem yields
(− 5, 3)

4 (5, 3)
y x dx 2x y dy 1 dA (− 1, 1) 2
(1, 1)
C R x
2 4
(− 1, − 1)
Area of R −2 (1, − 1)
(− 5, − 3) −4 (5, − 3)
610 22
56.
11. Since the curves y 0 and y 4 x 2 intersect at 2, 0 and 2, 0, Green’s Theorem yields
C
2xy dx x y dy R
1 2x d A
2 0
2 4x2
1 2x dy dx

2
2
y 2xy
4x2
0
dx

2
2
4 8x x 2 2x3 dx

2
x3 x4
4x 4x 2
3 2 2
8 8 32
16 .
3 3 3
13. Since R is the interior of the circle x 2 y 2 a 2, Green’s Theorem yields
C
x 2 y 2 dx 2xy dy
R
2y 2y dA
a a2 x 2
a a2 x 2
4y dy dx 4
a
a
0 dx 0.
M 2x N
15. Since 2 ,
y x y2 x
we have path independence and

R
N M
x

y
dA 0.
17. By Green’s Theorem,
C
sin x cos y dx xy cos x sin y dy
R
y sin x sin y sin x sin y dA

1
0
x
x
y dy dx
1
2
1
0
x x 2 dx
1 x 2 x3
2 2

3
1
0

1
12
.
19. By Green’s Theorem,
C
xy dx x y dy R
1 x dA
2
0
3
1
1 r cos
r dr d
0
2
4 263 cos
d
8.
21. Fx, y xy i x y j
C: x 2 y 2 4
Work
C
xy dx x y dy
R
1 x dA
0
2 2
0
1 r cos
r dr d
2
0
2 38 cos
d
4
23. Fx, y x 3
2 3y i 6x 5 y j
C: boundary of the triangle with vertices 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5
Work C
x 3
2 3y dx 6x 5 y dy R
9 dA 9 12 55 225
2
25. C: let x a cos t, y a sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2. By Theorem 14.9, we have
A
1
2 C
x dy y dx
1
2
0
2
a cos t a cos t a sin t a sin t dt
1
2
2
0
a 2 dt a2 t
2 2
0
a 2.
27. From the accompanying figure we see that y
C1: y 2x 1, dy 2 dx (1, 3)
2
C2: y 4 x 2, dy 2x dx. x
−6 −4 4
Thus, by Theorem 14.9, we have

1 3 −4
1 1 (− 3, − 5)
A x2 2x 1 dx x2x 4 x 2 dx −6
2 3 2 1

1
2 1
3
1 dx
1
2
1
3
x 2 4 dx

1
2 1
3
1 dx
1
2 1
3
x 2 4 dx
1
2 1
3
3 x 2 dx
1
2
3x
x3
3
1
3

32
3
.
29. See Theorem 14.8, page 1042. 31. Answers will vary.
F1x, y yi xj
F2x, y x2 i y2 j
F3x, y 2xyi x2 j
33. A 2
2
4 x 2 dx 4x
x3
3
2
2

32
3
y
y = 4 − x2
x
1
2A C1
x 2 dy
1
2A C2
x 2 dy
3
2 C1
For C1, dy 2x dx and for C2, dy 0. Thus, 1
x
1
232
3
2
2
x 22x dx 643 2
x4 2
2
0. −2 −1 C2 1 2
x
To calculate y, note that y 0 along C2. Thus,
y
1
232
3
2
2
4 x 22 dx
3
64 2
2
16 8x 2 x 4 dx
3
64
16x
8x 3 x 5
3

5
2
2
8
.
5
x, y 0, 85
35. Since A 0
1
x x 3 dx x2 x4
2 4 1
0
1
, we have
4
1
2A
2. On C1 we have y x 3, dy 3x 2 dx and on C2 we have
y x, dy dx. Thus,
x2 C
x 2 dy 2 C1
x 23x 2 dx 2 C2
x2 dx y
6 0
1
x 4 dx 2 1
0
x 2 dx
6 2

8
5 3 15
1
C2
(1, 1)
y 2 C
y 2 dx
C1
1
x
2 0
1
x 6 dx 2 1
0
2 2 8
x 2 dx .
7 3 21
x, y 158 , 218

37. A
1
2 0
2
a21 cos
2 d

a2
2 0
2
1 2 cos
21 cos22
d
a2 32
2 sin
41 sin 2

2 2
0

a2
2
3
3a2
2
2 4
39. In this case the inner loop has domain ≤
≤ . Thus,
3 3
A
1
2 4
3
2
3
1 4 cos
4 cos2
d

1
2 4
3
2
3
3 4 cos
2 cos 2
d

1
2
3
4 sin
sin 2
4
3

2
3

3 3
2
.
41. I C
y dx x dy
x2 y2
y x
(a) Let F i 2 j.
x2 y2 x y2
N M x2 y2
F is conservative since 2 .
x y x y 2 2
F is defined and has continuous first partials everywhere except at the origin. If C is a circle (a closed path) that does
not contain the origin, then
C
F dr
C
M dx N dy
R
N M
x

y
dA 0.
(b) Let r a cos t i a sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 be a circle C1 oriented clockwise inside C (see figure). Introduce line segments
C2 and C3 as illustrated in Example 6 of this section in the text. For the region inside C and outside C1, Green’s Theorem
applies. Note that since C2 and C3 have opposite orientations, the line integrals over them cancel. Thus,
C4 C1 C2 C C3 and
C4
F dr C1
F dr
C
F dr 0.
But,
C1
F dr 2
0
aacossinttaa sin
2 2 2
t
sin t

2
a cos ta cos t
a cos t a sin t
2 2
dt2 2
2
0
sin2 t cos2 t dt t
2
0
2.
Finally, C
F dr C1
F dr 2.
Note: If C were orientated clockwise, then the answer would have been 2.
y
3 C
2
C1 C2
x
4
C3
−2
−3
43. Pentagon: 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1
A 2 0 0 4 0 12 2 1 4 0 0 2
1 19
45. C
y n dx x n dy
R
N M
x

y
dA 2a
y
For the line integral, use the two paths y = a2 − x2
C1: r1 x
x i, a ≤ x ≤ a C2
C2: r2 x
x i a 2 x 2 j, x a to x a x

−a C1 a
y n dx x n dy 0
C1
C2
y n dx x n dy a
a
a 2 x 2
n2 x n
x
a 2 x 2 dx

R
N M
x

y
dA
a 0
a a2 x 2
nx n1 nyn1 dy dx
(a) For n 1, 3, 5, 7, both integrals give 0.

(b) For n even, you obtain
n 2 : 43 a 3 n 4 : 16 n 6 : 32 256
15 a
5
35 a
7
n 8 : 315 a 9
(c) If n is odd and 0 < a < 1, then the integral equals 0.
47. C
f DN g gD N f
ds C
f D N g ds
C
gDN f ds
R
f 2g f g
dA
R
g2 f g f
dA
R
f 2g g 2 f
dA
49. F M i N j
N M N M
0 ⇒ 0.
x y x y
C
F dr
C
M dx N dy
R
N M
x

y
dA R
0
dA 0
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces
1. r u, v
u i vj uvk 3. r u, v
2 cos v cos ui 2 cos v sin uj 2 sin vk
z xy x2 y2 z2 4
Matches c. Matches b.
v
5. r u, v
ui vj k 7. r u, v
2 cos ui vj 2 sin uk
2
x2 z2 4
y 2z 0
Cylinder
Plane
z
z
3
3
2
−4
y
3 4 5 y 5
5
5 x
−3
x
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces 199
For Exercises 9 and 11, z
r u, v u cos vi u sin vj u 2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2.

5
Eliminating the parameter yields

z x 2 y 2, 0 ≤ z ≤ 4.
y
2 2
x
9. s u, v
u cos v i u sin v j u 2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
z x 2 y 2
The paraboloid is reflected (inverted) through the xy-plane.
11. s u, v
u cos v i u sin v j u 2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 3, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
The height of the paraboloid is increased from 4 to 9.
13. r u, v
2u cos v i 2u sin v j u 4 k, 15. r u, v
2 sinh u cos vi sinh u sin vj cosh uk,
0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2 z 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2 z
x2
y2 2 z2 x2 y2
z
3
1 9
16 1 4 1 6
2
1
6 3
9 6 y
9
x
2
x 2 y
17. r u, v
u sin u
cos v i 1 cos u
sin v j uk,
0 ≤ u ≤ , 0 ≤ v ≤ 2 z
−3
−2
−3
−2
2 1
3 −1 2 y
3
x
19. z y 21. x 2 y 2 16
r u, v
ui vj vk r u, v
4 cos ui 4 sin uj vk
23. z x 2 25. z 4 inside x 2 y 2 9.

r u, v
ui vj u 2 k r u, v
v cos u i v sin u j 4k, 0 ≤ v ≤ 3
x
27. Function: y , 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 29. Function: x sin z, 0 ≤ z ≤
2
Axis of revolution: z-axis
Axis of revolution: x-axis
x sin u cos v, y sin u sin v, z u
u u
x u, y cos v, z sin v 0 ≤ u ≤ , 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
2 2
0 ≤ u ≤ 6, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
31. r u, v
u v
i u v
j vk, 1, 1, 1
33. r u, v
2u cos v i 3u sin v j u 2 k, 0, 6, 4
ru u, v
i j, rv u, v
i j k ru u, v
2 cos v i 3 sin v j 2uk
At 1, 1, 1
, u 0 and v 1. rv u, v
2u sin v i 3u cos v j
ru 0, 1
i j, rv 0, 1
i j k

At 0, 6, 4
, u 2 and v 2.
i j k
N ru 0, 1
rv 0, 1
1 1 0 i j 2k 2 3j 4k, r 2, 2 4i
ru 2, v
1 1 1
Tangent plane: x 1
y 1
2 z 1
0 N ru 2, 2 r 2, 2
v

x y 2z 0
i j k
(The original plane!) 0 3 4 16j 12k
4 0 0
Direction numbers: 0, 4, 3
Tangent plane: 4 y 6
3 z 4
0
4y 3z 12
v v
35. r u, v
2ui j k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 1
2 2
1 1
ru u, v
2i, rv u, v
j k

2 2
i j k
ru rv 2 0 0 j k
12 1
0 2
ru rv 2
A
0
1 2
0
2 du dv 22
37. r u, v
a cos ui a sin uj vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ b
ru u, v
a sin ui a cos uj
rv u, v
k
i
j k

ru rv a sin u a cos u 0 a cos ui a sin uj
ru rv a
0 0 1
A
0
b 2
0
a du dv 2ab
39. r u, v
au cos v i au sin v j uk, 0 ≤ u ≤ b, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
ru u, v
a cos vi a sin vj k
rv u, v
au sin v i au cos v j
ru rv
i
a cos v
j k

a sin v 1 au cos v i au sin v j a 2uk
au sin v au cos v 0
ru rv au1 a 2
A
0
2 b
0
a1 a 2 u du dv ab21 a 2
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces 201
41. r u, v
u cos v i u sin v j uk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 4, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
cos v sin v
ru u, v
i jk
2u 2u
rv u, v
u sin v i u cos v j

i j k
cos v sin v 1 u cos vi u sin vj 1 k
ru rv
2u 2u 2
u sin v u cos v 0
ru rv u 41
A
0
2
u 41 du dv 6 17
4
17 1 36.177
43. See the definition, page 1051. 45. (a) From 10, 10, 0
(b) From 10, 10, 10
(c) From 0, 10, 0
(d) From 10, 0, 0
47. (a) r u, v
4 cos v
cos ui (b) r u, v
4 2 cos v
cos ui
4 cos v
sin u j sin vk, 4 2 cos v
sin uj 2 sin vk,
0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
z z
4 4
−6
−6
6
6 y 6 6
x x y
−4
(c) r u, v
8 cos v
cos u i (d) r u, v
8 3 cos v
cos ui
8 cos v
sin uj sin vk, 8 3 cos v
sin uj 3 sin vk,
0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
z z
9 12
3
3
12
x y x 12 y
−9
−12
The radius of the generating circle that is revolved about the z-axis is b, and its center is a units from the axis of revolution.
49. r
u, v 20 sin u cos v i 20 sin u sin v j 20 cos uk 0 ≤ u ≤ 3, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
ru 20 cos u cos v i 20 cos u sin v j 20 sin uk
rv 20 sin u sin v i 20 sin u cos v j
i
20 sin u sin v 20 sin u cos v

k
ru rv 20 cos u cos v 20 cos u sin v 20 sin u
0
400 sin2 u cos v i 400 sin2 u sin vj 400
cos u sin u cos2 v cos u sin u sin2 vk
400 sin2 u cos v i sin2 u sin vj cos u sin uk
ru rv 400sin4 u cos2 v sin4 u sin2 v cos2 u sin2 u

400sin4 u cos2 u sin2 u
400sin2 u 400 sin u
S
S
dS
2
0 0
3
400 sin u du dv 0
2
400 cos u
3
0
dv

2
0
200 dv 400 m2
51. r
u, v u cos v i u sin vj 2vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 3, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
ru
u, v cos v i sin vj
rv
u, v u sin v i u cos vj 2k
ru rv
ru rv 4 u2
i
cos v
j
sin v
u sin v u cos v
k

0 2 sin vi 2 cos vj uk
2
A 0
2 3
0
4 u2 du dv 313 4 ln
3 2 13

4π
2π
−4 −2
2 y
4
4
x
53. Essay
Section 14.6 Surface Integrals
z z
1. S: z 4 x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4, 1, 0
x y
S

x 2y z dS
0
4 4
0

x 2y 4 x1
1 2
02 dy dx

2
0
4 4
0

4 2y dy dx 0
Section 14.6 Surface Integrals 203
z z
3. S: z 10, x 2 y 2 ≤ 1, 0
x y
1 1x 2

x 2y z dS
x 2y 101
02
02 dy dx
S 1 1x 2
2
0 0
1

r cos 2r sin 10r dr d
2
0
1
3
2
cos sin 5 d
3
2
13 sin 32 cos 5 0
10
z z
5. S: z 6 x 2y, (first octant) 1, 2 y
x y

5
6 3
x2
4
xy dS xy1
1
2 dy dx 2 2
y = 3 − 21 x
3
S 0 0

2
6 3
x2

xy 2 1
6 dx
0 2 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
x

−1
6

6 1
x 9 3x x 2 dx
2 0 4
6 9x 2 276
2
6
x4
x3
2 16 0 2
7. S: z 9 x 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ x,
z z
2x, 0
x y

S
xy dS
0
2 2
y
xy1 4x 2 dx dy
39117 1
240
9. S: z 10 x 2 y 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2

S

x 2 2xy dS 0
2
0
2

x 2 2xy1 4x 2 4y 2 dy dx 11.47
1 1
11. S: 2x 3y 6z 12 (first octant) ⇒ z 2 x y y
3 2

x, y, z x 2 y 2 5

4 y = 4 − 23 x
dA 1 2 1 2 3
m
x 2 y 2 1
R 3 2 2

1
R
6 4
2x3
7

x y dy dx
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6
x
6 0 0 −1

7
6
6
0
2 1 2
x2 4 x 4 x
3 3 3 dx 67 43 x
3
3 1 1
2
x4 4 x
6 8 3
4 6
0

364
3
v
13. S: r
u, v ui vj k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
2
ru rv 21 j k 5
2

S

y 5 dS
0
2
0
1

v 5
5
2
du dv 65

15. S: r
u, v 2 cos ui 2 sin uj vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ , 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
2
ru rv 2 cos ui 2 sin uj 2

S
xy dS
0
2 2
0
8 cos u sin u du dv 8
17. f
x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
S: z x 2, x 2 y 2 ≤ 1

S
f
x, y, z dS 1
1 1x 2
1x 2
x 2 y 2
x 22 1
12
02 dy dx
2 0
2
0
1
r 2
r cos 22 r dr d
2 0
2
0
1
r 2 r 2 cos2 4r cos 4 r dr d
2 0
2
r4 r4
4
cos2
4
4r 3
3
cos 2r 2 d
1
2 0
2
9
4

1 1 cos 2 4
4 2
cos d
3
2
94 81 21 sin 2 34 sin 184 4 19 4 2

2 2
0
19. f
x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
S: z x 2 y 2, x 2 y 2 ≤ 4

S
f
x, y, z dS 2
2 4x 2
4x 2
x 2 y 2
x 2 y 2
2
1 x 2
x
y2
x y y
2
2 2
2
dy dx
x y2 x2 y2
2
4x 2
2 dy dx
2 x 2 y 2 x2 y2
2 4x 2
2 2
2 4x 2
4x 2
x 2 y 2 dy dx
2 0
2
0
2
r 2 dr d 2
2
0
r3
3
2
0
d 163
2
0

32
3
21. f
x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
S: x 2 y 2 9, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3, 0 ≤ z ≤ 9
Project the solid onto the yz-plane; x 9 y 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3, 0 ≤ z ≤ 9.

S
f
x, y, z dS
3
0
9
0

9 y 2 y 2 z 2 1 y
9 y 2

2

02 dz dy

3
0
9
0

9 z 2
3
9 y 2
dz dy
0
3
3
9 y 2
9z
z3
3
9
0
dy
324 3
0
3
9 y 2
d y 972 arcsin
y
3
3
0
972 2 0 486
23. F
x, y, z 3z i 4 j yk y
S: x y z 1 (first octant)
1
G
x, y, z x y z 1 y = −x + 1
G
x, y, z i j k
R

1 1x x
1
F
N dS F
G dA
3z 4 y dy dx
S R 0 0

0
1
0
1x
3
1 x y 4 y dy dx

0
1
0
1x

1 3x 2y dy dx

0
1
y 3xy y 2
1x
0
dx
0
1

1 x 3x
1 x
1 x2 dx
0
1

2 2x2 dx
4
3
25. F
x, y, z x i yj z k y
4 x2 + y2 ≤ 9
S: z 9 x 2 y 2, 0 ≤ z
R
2
G
x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 9
x
G
x, y, z 2 x i 2y j k −4 −2 2 4

−2
F
N dS F
G dA
2x 2 2y 2 z dA −4
S R R

R
2x 2 2y 2
9 x 2 y 2 dA

R

x 2 y 2 9 dA

0
2
0
3

r 2 9r dr d

0
2
r 4 9r 2
4

2
3
0
d
243
2
27. F
x, y, z 4i 3j 5k y
x 2 + y2 ≤ 4
S: z x y ,
2 2 x2 y ≤ 4 2
G
x, y, z x y 2 z
1 R
2
x
G
x, y, z 2 x i 2y j k −1 1
−1

S
F
N dS
R
F
G dA R

8x 6y 5 dA
2
0 0
2
8r cos 6r sin 5 r dr d
2
0
8 5
r 3 cos 2r 3 sin r 2
3 2
2
0
d
2
0

64
3
cos 16 sin 10 d
2

64
sin 16 cos 10 20
3 0
29. F
x, y, z 4xyi z2 j yzk z
S: unit cube bounded by x 0, x 1, y 0, y 1, z 0, z 1

1
S1: The top of the cube
N k, z 1

S1
F
N dS 0
1 1
0
y
1 dy dx
1
2 x
1 1
y
S2: The bottom of the cube S3: The front of the cube
N k, z 0 N i, x 1

S2
F
N dS
0
1
0
1
y
0 dy dx 0
S3
F
N dS 0
1 1
0
4
1y dy dz 2
S4: The back of the cube

S5: The right side of the cube
N i, x 0
N j, y 1

S4
F
N dS 0
1 1
0
4
0y dy dx 0

S5
F
N dS 0
1 1
0
z 2 dz dx
1
3
S6: The left side of the cube
N j, y 0

S6
F
N dS 0
1 1
0
z 2 dz dx
1
3
Therefore,

S
F
N dS
1
2
1 1 5
020 .
3 3 2
31. The surface integral of f over a surface S, where S is given by z g

x, y, is defined as

S
f
x, y, z dS lim
→0 i1
n
f
x , y , z S . (page 1061)
i i i i
See Theorem 14.10, page 1061.
33. See the definition, page 1067.

See Theorem 14.11, page 1067.
35. (a) z (b) If a normal vector at a point P on (c) r

u, 0 4 cos
2u i 4 sin
2u j
4 the surface is moved around the
This is a circle.
−6 Möbius strip once, it will point in
−6
the opposite direction. z
x 6
6 y 4
−4
−2
2
x 2
y
−4
(d) (construction) (e) You obtain a strip with a double twist and twice as long as
the original Möbius strip.
37. z x 2 y 2, 0 ≤ z ≤ a
m
S
k dS k
R
1
x
x 2 y 2
x y y
2
2 2
2
dA k R
2 dA 2 ka 2
Iz
S
k
x 2 y 2 dS R
k
x 2 y 22 dA
2k 2
0 0
a
r 3 dr d
2ka 4
4

2
2ka 4 a2 2

2

2

2ka 2 a 2m
39. x 2 y 2 a 2, 0 ≤ z ≤ h z

x, y, z 1 h
y ± a 2 x 2
Project the solid onto the xz-plane.
Iz 4 S

x 2 y 2
1 dS
x
a a y
4 h
0 0
a
x 2
a 2 x 2 1 x
a 2 x 2

2

02 dx dz
4a 3 0
h a
0 a 2
1
x2
dx dz
4a 3 0
h
arcsin
x
a
a
0
dz 4a 3 2
h 2a h 3
41. S: z 16 x 2 y 2, z ≥ 0
F
x, y, z 0.5zk
S
F
N dS
R
F

gx
x, y i gy
x, yj k dA R
0.5 z k

2x i 2y j k dA

R
0.5 z dA
R
0.5
16 x 2 y 2 dA
0.5 0
2 4
0

16 r 2r dr d 0.5
0
2
64 d 64
Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem
1. Surface Integral: There are six surfaces to the cube, each with dS 1 dA.
z 0, N k, F N z 2,
S1
0 dA 0
z a, N k, F N z 2,
S2
a 2 dA
0
a
0
a
a 2 dx dy a 4
x 0, N i, F N 2x,
S3
0 dA 0
x a, N i, F N 2x,
S4
2a dy dz 0
a
0
a
2a dy dz 2a3
y 0, N j, F N 2y,
S5
0 dA 0
y a, N j, F N 2y,
S6
2a dA 0
a
0
a
2a dz dx 2a 3
Therefore, F N dS a
s
4
2a 3 2a 3 a 4.
Divergence Theorem: Since div F 2z, the Divergence Theorem yields
Q
div F dV
0
a
0
a a
0
2z dz dy dx
a
0 0
a
a 2 dy dx a 4.
3. Surface Integral: There are four surfaces to this solid. z
z 0, N k, F N z
6
S1
0 dS 0
y 0, N j, F N 2y z, dS dA dx dz y

3
6 6z 6 6
x
z dS z dx dz z 2 6z dz 36
S2 0 0 0
x 0, N i, F N y 2x, dS dA dz dy
S3
y dS
0
3
0
62y
y dz dy 3
0
6y 2y 2 dy 9
i 2j k 2x 5y 3z
x 2y z 6, N , FN , dS 6 dA
6 6
S4
2x 5y 3z dz dy
0
3
0
62y
18 x 11y dx dy 0
3
90 90y 20y 2 dy 45
Therefore, F N dS 0 36 9 45 18.
s
Divergence Theorem: Since div F 1, we have
Q
1 1
dV Volume of solid Area of base Height 96 18.
3 3
Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem 209
5. Since div F 2x 2y 2z, we have
div F dV

0
a a
0 0
a
2x 2y 2z dz dy dx

Q
a a a a

0 0
2ax 2ay a 2 dy dx
0

2a 2x 2a 3 dx a 2x 2 2a 3x
0
3a 4.
7. Since div F 2x 2x 2xyz 2xyz
Q
div F dV Q
2xyz dV
a
0
2
0

2
0
2 sin
cos sin
sin cos
2 sin
d
d d

0
a 2
0 0

2
2 5sin cos sin3
cos
d
d d

0
a 2
0
1 5
2
sin cos d d 0
a
5 sin2
2 2
2

0
d 0.
9. Since div F 3, we have
Q
3 dV 3Volume of sphere 3 43 2 32. 3
11. Since div F 1 2y 1 2y, we have

4 3 9y 2 4 3 4

3
4
9 y
2 3
2
2y dV 2y dx dy dz 4y9 y 2 dy dz dz 0.
0 3 9y2 0 3 0 3 3
Q
13. Since div F 3x 2 x 2 0 4x 2, we have
Q
4 x 2 dV 6
0
4
0 0
4y
4x 2 dz dy dx
0
6 4
0
4x 24 y dy dx 6
0
32x 2 dx 2304.
15. Fx, y, z xyi 4yj xz k

div F y 4 x

S
F N dS Q
div F dV Q
y x 4 dV
3
0

0
2
0
sin
sin sin
cos 42 sin
d d
d
3
0

0
2
0
3 sin2
sin 3 sin2
cos 42 sin
d d
d
3
0

0
3 sin2
cos 3 sin2
sin 42 sin
2
0 d
d
3
0

0
82 sin
d
d
3
0
82 cos

0
d
3
0
162 d
163
3
3
0
144.
17. Using the Divergence Theorem, we have
curl F N dS div curlF dV

S
Q
i j k

curl Fx, y, z 6y i 2z 2z j 4x 4x k 6yi
x y z
4xy z 2 2x 2 6yz 2xz
div curl F 0.
Therefore, Q
div curl F dV 0.
19. See Theorem 14.12, page 1073.
21. Using the triple integral to find volume, we need F so that

M N P
div F 1.
x y z
Hence, we could have F x i, F yj, or F z k.
i fy j fz k
For dA dy dz consider F xi, x f y, z, then N and dS 1 fy2 fz2 dy dz.
1 fy2 fz2
fx i j fz k
For dA dz dx consider F yj, y f x, z, then N and dS 1 fx2 fz2 dz dx.
1 fx2 fz2
fx i fy j k
For dA dx dy consider F z k, z f x, y, then N and dS 1 fx2 fy2 dx dy.
1 fx2 fy2
Correspondingly, we then have V

S
F N dS
S
x dy dz
S
y dz dx
S
z dx dy.
23. Using the Divergence Theorem, we have S

curl F N dS Q
div curl F dV. Let
Fx, y, z M i Nj Pk
curl F P
y

N
z
P M
i
x z
j
N M
x

y
k
2P 2N 2P 2M 2N 2M
div curl F 0.
xy xz yx yz zx zy
Therefore, S
curl F N dS
Q
0 dV 0.
25. If Fx, y, z x i yj z k, then div F 3.

S
F N dS
Q
div F dV
Q
3 dV 3V.
27.
S
f D N g dS
S
f g N dS

Q
div f g dV
Q
f div g f g dV
Q
f 2g f g dV
Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem 211
Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem

1. F x, y, z 2y z i xyz j e z k
i j k

curl F x y z xyi j yz 2k
2y z xyz ez
3. F x, y, z 2z i 4x 2 j arctan xk

i j k

curl F x

y

z 2 1
1 x2
j 8xk
2z 4x2 arctan x

5. F x, y, z e x i ey j xyzk
2 y 2 2 z 2
i j k

curl F x y z
ex
2
y 2 ey
2
z 2 xyz
xz 2ze y 2 z 2
i yz j 2ye x
2 y 2
k
zx 2e y i yz j 2ye x
2 z 2 2 y 2
k
7. In this case, M y z, N x z, P x y and C is the circle x 2 y 2 1, z 0, dz 0.
Line Integral: C
F dr C
y dx x dy
Letting x cos t, y sin t, we have dx sin t dt, dy cos t dt and
C
y dx x dy 0
2
sin 2 t cos 2 t dt 2.
Double Integral: Consider F x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2 1.
Then
F 2x i 2yj 2zk
N x i yj zk.
F 2x 2 y 2 z 2
Since
2x x y
1 xz
2
y2 1
z 2 1 x 2 y 2, z x , and z y , dS 2 dA dA.
2z z z z2 z
Now, since curl F 2k, we have
S
curl F N dS R
2z 1z dA 2 dA 2Area of circle of radius 1 2.
R
9. Line Integral: From the accompanying figure we see that for z

(0, 0, 6)
C1: z 0, dz 0
6
4
C2: x 0, dx 0 C2
C3
2
C3 : y 0, dy 0.

(0, 3, 0)
2
Hence, F dr xyz dx y dy z dz 4 C1
y
x (4, 0, 0)
C C
C1
y dy C2
y dy z dz C3
z dz
0
3
y dy 3
0
y dy 6
0
z dz
6
0
z dz 0.
Double Integral: curl F xyj xzk

Considering Fx, y, z 3x 4y 2z 12, then
F 3i 4j 2k
N and dS 29 dA.
F 29
Thus,

S
curl F N dS
R
4xy 2xz dy dx

0
4
0
(3x12)
4
4xy 2x6 2y 23 x dy dx

0
4
0
(123x)
4
8xy 3x 2 12x dy dx

0
4
0 dx 0.
\ \
11. Let A 0, 0, 0, B 1, 1, 1 and C 0, 2, 0. Then U AB i j k and V AC 2j. Thus,
U V 2i 2k i k
N .
U V 22 2
Surface S has direction numbers 1, 0, 1, with equation z x 0 and dS 2 dA. Since curl F 3i j 2k, we have

S
curl F N dS
R
1
2
2 dA
R
dA Area of triangle with a 1, b 2 1.

13. F x, y, z z 2 i x 2 j y 2 k, S: z 4 x 2 y 2, 0 ≤ z
i j k

curl F x y z 2yi 2z j 2xk
z2 x2 y2
Gx, y, z x 2 y 2 z 4
Gx, y, z 2x i 2yj k

S
curl F N dS R
4xy 4yz 2x dA 2
2
4x 2
4x 2
4xy 4y 4 x 2 y 2 2x dy dx
2
2
4x 2
4x 2
4xy 16y 4x 2y 4y 3 2x dy dx
2
2
4x4 x 2 dx 0
Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem 213
15. Fx, y, z z 2 i yj xzk, S: z 4 x 2 y 2

i j k

curl F x y z zj
z2 y xz
Gx, y, z z 4 x 2 y 2
x y
Gx, y, z i jk
4 x y
2 2 4 x 2 y 2

S
curl F F dS
R
yz
4 x 2 y 2
dA
R
y4 x 2 y 2
4 x 2 y 2
dA
2 4x 2
2 4x 2
y dy dx 0
x
17. Fx, y, z lnx 2 y 2 i arctan j k

y
i j k

1 1
y

y 2y
curl F x y z k 2 k
x
y x
2 2 2
y2 x y2
1
2 ln x2 y2 arctan x
y 1
S: z 9 2x 3y over one petal of r 2 sin 2

in the first octant.
Gx, y, z 2x 3y z 9
Gx, y, z 2i 3j k

S
curl F N dS
R
2y
x2 y2
dA

0

2
0
2 sin 2
2r sin
r2
r dr d

0

2
0
4 sin
cos
2 sin
dr d
0

2
8 sin 2
cos
d
8 sin3

3
2
0

8
3
2x i k
19. From Exercise 10, we have N and dS 1 4x 2 dA. Since curl F xyj xzk, we have
1 4x 2

S
curl F N dS R
xz dA a
0 0
a
x 3 dy dx a
0
ax 3 dx ax4
4 a
0

a5
4
.

21. Fx, y, z i j 2k 23. See Theorem 14.13, page 1081.
i j k

curl F x y z 0
1 1 2
Letting N k, we have S
curl F N dS 0.
25. (a) C
f g dr S
curl f g N dS (Stoke’s Theorem)
g g g
f g f if jf k

x y z
i j k

curl f g x y z
f g
x f g
y f g
z
2g f g 2g f g
f yz y z f zy z y i
2g f g 2g f g
f xz x z f zx z x j
2g f g 2g f g
f xy x y f yx y x k

yf gz zf g
f g f g f g f g
y
i j k
x z z x x y y x
i j k
f f f
x y z f g
g g g
x y z
Therefore,
C
f g dr S
curl f g N dS S
f g N dS.
(b) C
f f dr S
f f N dS (using part a.)
0 since f f 0.
(c) C
f g gf dr C
f g dr
C
gf dr
S
f g N dS
S
g f N dS (using part a.)
S
f g N dS S
f g N dS 0
27. Let C ai bj ck, then

1
2 C
C r dr
1
2
S
curl C r N dS
1
2 S
2C N dS
S
C N dS

since
i j k
C r a b c bz cy i az cx j ay bx k
x y z

and
i j k

curlC r x y z 2ai b j ck 2C.
bz cy cx az ay bx

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C H A P T E R 14

Section 14.1 Vector Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Section 14.2 Line Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path . . . . . . 190

Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Section 14.6 Surface Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Review Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

7. Fx, y i j 9. Fx, y x i yj 11. Fx, y, z 3yj

F 2 F x2 y2 c 

13. Fx, y 4x i yj 15. Fx, y, z i j k 17. y

F 16x2 y2 c F 3 2

21. f x, y 5x2 3xy 10y2 23. f x, y, z z  ye x

fyx, y 3x 20y fyx, y, z e x

1 1 y Fx, y 10x 3y i 3x 20y j fz 1

25. gx, y, z xy lnx y

Gx, y, z  x xy y y lnx y i  x xy y x lnx y j

e x sin y ex cos y 0

59. Fx, y, z sin x i cos y j z 2 k

61. Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k 63. Fx, y, z e x sin y i  e x cos y j

div Fx, y, z yz 1 1 yz 2 div Fx, y, z e x sin y e x sin y

div F1, 2, 1 4 div F0, 0, 3 0

77. Let F M i N j Pk and G Q i R j S k where M, N, P, Q, R, and S have continuous partial derivatives.

79. Let F M i Nj P k and G R i Sj T k.

83. Let F M i Nj Pk, then f F f M i f Nj f Pk.

In Exercises 85 and 87, Fx, y, z xi yj zk and f x, y, z Fx, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2.

nx 2 y 2 z 2 n2x i yj z k n f n2 F

Section 14.2 Line Integrals

t2i  tit j, 2  tj, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

7. r t 4 t i 3tj, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2; rt 4 i 3j

21. Fx, y xyi yj 23. Fx, y 3x i 4yi

rt 4i j rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

25. Fx, y, z x 2 yi x  zj x yzk 27. Fx, y, z x 2 z i 6yj yz 2 k

31. Fx, y 2xi yj

On C2: Ft 2 i t  1 j, rt j

37. Fx, y x2 i xyj

(a) r1t 2t i t  1 j, 1 ≤ t ≤ 3 (b) r2t 23  t i 2  t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

39. Fx, y yi  x j 41. Fx, y x 3  2x 2 i x 

49. rt t3ii, t  3j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3

C2: xt 3, yt t  3

51. xt t, yt 1  t2, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, dx dt, dy 2t dt

53. xt t, yt 2t 2, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

55. f x, y h 57. f x, y xy

rt 5 rt sin t i cos t j

Lateral surface area:

rt cos t i sin2 t j, 0 ≤ t ≤

63. (a) f x, y 1 y 2 (c) z

rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

67. (a) Graph of: rt 3 cos t i 3 sin t j 1 sin2 2t k 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

69. See the definition of Line Integral, page 1020.

71. The greater the height of the

z 3 < z1 < z 2 < z 4 . 3

73. False 75. False, the orientations are different.

Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path

11. Fx, y 2xyi x 2 j

(c) and (d) Since C is a closed curve, C

21. Fx, y, z 2y x i x2  z j 2y  4zk

23. Fx, y, z e z y i x j x y k 25.

(b) r2t 4  8t i 3k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

7. Fx, y i j 9. Fx, y x i yj 11. Fx, y, z 3yj

F 2 F x2 y2 c

13. Fx, y 4x i yj 15. Fx, y, z i j k 17. y

21. f x, y 5x2 3xy 10y2 23. f x, y, z z ye x

fyx, y 3x 20y fyx, y, z e x

1 1 y Fx, y 10x 3y i 3x 20y j fz 1

25. gx, y, z xy lnx y

Gx, y, z x xy y y lnx y i x xy y x lnx y j

e x sin y ex cos y 0

59. Fx, y, z sin x i cos y j z 2 k

61. Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k 63. Fx, y, z e x sin y i e x cos y j

div Fx, y, z yz 1 1 yz 2 div Fx, y, z e x sin y e x sin y

div F1, 2, 1 4 div F0, 0, 3 0

In Exercises 85 and 87, Fx, y, z xi yj zk and f x, y, z Fx, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2.

nx 2 y 2 z 2 n2x i yj z k n f n2 F

t2i tit j, 2 tj, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

7. r t 4 t i 3tj, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2; rt 4 i 3j

rt 4i j rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

25. Fx, y, z x 2 yi x zj x yzk 27. Fx, y, z x 2 z i 6yj yz 2 k

On C2: Ft 2 i t 1 j, rt j

(a) r1t 2t i t 1 j, 1 ≤ t ≤ 3 (b) r2t 23 t i 2 t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

39. Fx, y yi x j 41. Fx, y x 3 2x 2 i x

49. rt t3ii, t 3j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3

C2: xt 3, yt t 3

51. xt t, yt 1 t2, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, dx dt, dy 2t dt

rt 5 rt sin t i cos t j

rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

21. Fx, y, z 2y x i x2 z j 2y 4zk

(b) r2t 4 8t i 3k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

Fx, y, z is conservative and the potential function is f x, y, z xy 3yz 2xz.

35. Fx, y 9x 2 y 2 i 6x 3 y 1 j is conservative.

37. rt 2 cos 2 t i 2 sin 2 t j

16dt 12 t20 16 t20 0dt

13. Since R is the interior of the circle x 2 y 2 a 2, Green’s Theorem yields

25. C: let x a cos t, y a sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2. By Theorem 14.9, we have

x, y 158 , 218

nx n1 nyn1 dy dx

r u, v u cos vi u sin vj u 2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2.

23. z x 2 25. z 4 inside x 2 y 2 9.

ru rv 400sin4 u cos2 v sin4 u sin2 v cos2 u sin2 u

7. Since div F 2x 2x 2xyz 2xyz

11. Since div F 1 2y 1 2y, we have

15. Fx, y, z xyi 4yj xz k

curl F N dS div curlF dV

25. If Fx, y, z x i yj z k, then div F 3.

15. Fx, y, z z 2 i yj xzk, S: z 4 x 2 y 2