Subject: Computer Aided Electrical drawing (CAED)

Subject Code: 10EE65

Syllabus Covered
Part-B
3. Electrical machine assembly drawing using design data or sketches or both
(a) Transformers- sectional views of single and three phase core and shell type
transformers

Transformer
• To know the parts of transformer
• To know the types of transformer
• To make preparatory sketch of the transformer from the given design data
• To make drawing of the sub assembly or assembly drawing using CAD

Single Phase and Three Phase Transformers (Core Type)

The elevations of single phase core type
transformer and three phase core type
transformers are shown in Figure 1. The
widths of cores on the two limbs are
equal in single phase transformers. The
widths of cores of all the three limbs are
equal in three phase transformers. The
height of yoke may be equal or greater
than the width of core, in both cases. The
depth of core will be confined to the
dimension of circumcircle diameter Figure 1- Core Type
.
Single Phase and Three Phase
Transformers (Shell type)

The elevations of single phase shell type

transformer and three phase transformer
are shown in Figure 2. The width of the
extreme limbs will be about half the
width of central limb. The depth of the
core may equal to about two to three
times the width of central limb. The
height of yoke may equal to or greater
than half the width of central limb Figure 2- Shell Type

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LV and HV windings
The transformer will have Low Voltage (LV) winding and High Voltage (HV) winding
wound over the limbs. The LV winding is placed near the core. There will be a gap
between LV and HV windings for oil circulation. The HV winding is placed away from
the core. The finished windings are cylindrical in shape. The thickness and height of the
cylinder will depend upon the number of turns and area of cross section of winding wire.
The internal diameter will depend on the circum circle diameter, slack allowance and
insulation layer. It may be noted that the sections of the cylinders so formed is confined
to the window dimensions, viz, width of window and height of window. When the
winding wires are thin or when the handling of finished winding is difficult because of
heavy weight, the winding may be split into smaller discs. These discs may be stacked
one above the other so that the required length may be formed. The views of such
windings are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

Figure 4 – Disc winding

Figure 3 – Cylindrical winding

Rectangular coil winding

In the case of shell type transformers, the
winding will be hollow- rectangular in
shape as shown in Figure 5. The inside
dimension of the rectangle will depend
upon- i) widthwise, the central limb
width and the insulation between core
and winding and ii) depth wise, depth of
core and projection of fasteners like bolt,
rivet head etc., protruding outside the
core.
Figure 5- Rectangular coil

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Core section
The core section of core type transformer may be – square type, two stepped or
cruciform, three stepped, four stepped and so on. The imaginary circle passing through
the corners of the core section is known as circumscribing circle or circum circle. The
dimensions for obtaining the maximum area in the given circum circle, for various
number of steps is given in Figure 6.

Figure 6 – Step dimensions

Problem-1

Draw the Sectional Plan of one limb of a single phase, 11kV/440 V, transformer -
Core- Cruciform (Two Stepped)
Dia. of circumcircle = 33 cm
Inside and outside dia. of LV and HV windings are- 35,39,44,49 cm, respy.
Core laminations are fixed by means of two plates of 3 mm thick, by M12 bolt.

Preparatory Sketch:
As a first step a preparatory sketch is made using the given data, before taking up CAD
drawing, This greatly helps in finding the hidden dimensions, dimensions to be assumed,
planning of the CAD drawing, choosing appropriate commands, etc. The preparatory
sketch is shown in Figure 7. The step dimensions are calculated. The relative positions of
LV and HV windings are drawn. Spacers are to be provided with assumed dimensions.
Bolt is to be shown in the plan view.

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Figure 7 – Preparatory sketch for Problem-1

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Start the CAD drawing using the commands as shown in the following tables.

command action

Units mm
Drawing limits 0,0 enter
297,210 enter

zoom enter

all enter
A4 landscape paper selected

Circle You can draw circle by choosing any arbitrary point on the monitor
Line To draw center line-
Select:Bylayer
Select:Load
Select: CENTER
Select:Global scale 30
Draw horizontal and vertical center lines

Offset Use offsets 280/2,175/2 with respect to vertical line

Use offsets 280/2,175/2 with respect to horizontal line
Trim Trim to get one quarter of two stepped core
Mirror Use mirror twice and get the full three stepped core

Hatch Hatch the core-section with horizontal lines

Angle:135
Global scale:20
Circle Center:110,110
Draw circles with following diameters 330,350,390,440,490

Hatch Hatch HV and LV windings with different patterns

Dimension Use Arrowhead:8, Text Height:10, for all diameters and Linear
dimensions

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Line, Hatch, Draw the wooden retaining pieces 8 Nos. in the hollow space between
Array LV and HV windings

Text Give caption for the drawing

Plan of One Limb of a Transformer

Scale Construct and show the Scale

Print Save the drawing by using print prompts as A4 landscape PDF file.
Then take out print

The method of drawing the bolt head

Some stages of drawing are shown in the
above drawings.

The final CAD drawing for Problem -1 (Plan of one limb of a transformer) is shown in
Figure 8.

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 Figure 8- CAD Drawing for Problem-1
Problem-2
Draw Sectional Elevation, Sectional Plan and End-view of a 5 kVA, core type,
single phase transformer for the data given -
Circumscribing Circle = 80 mm diameter
Width of Core = 55 mm, Height of Yoke = 65 mm
LV –Internal diameter = 83mm
LV –External diameter = 98mm
HV –Internal diameter = 114mm
HV –External diameter = 135mm
Over all width of the magnetic frame = 215mm
Over all height of the magnetic frame = 350mm
Center to center distance between limbs =160mm

The preparatory sketch (Figure-9) is drawn, incorporating all the details given in the
problem. The missing dimensions may be assumed. The construction of table of
command and resulting figures is not necessary. In the first problem this table has been
given as an illustration only. Further, there is no unique way of usage of commands for
drawing a figure. However a sequence of steps for Problem – 2 is indicated as follows-
With reference to center to distance marking, the core in plan is constructed.
The plan of windings is drawn.
The magnetic frame is completed.
The windings in elevation are constructed.
End view is constructed.
The CAD drawing is shown in Figure-10

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Figure-9 Preparatory sketch

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 Figure-10: CAD Drawing for Problem-2

Problem-3
Draw the following views of a 3 phase, core type, 250 kVA, 11 kV / 400 V transformer-
i) Front elevation in full section and ii) Plan in full section
Cross section of the core: 3 Stepped
Diameter of the circum circle = 24 cm
Centre to centre distance between adjacent limbs = 42.5 cm
Yoke height = 25 cm
Total height of transformer = 100 cm

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Preparatory sketch – Three Phase Core Type Transformer
• Circumcircle, d = 24 cm
• Core is three stepped
• Calculate the values of three steps, viz.,
• 0.9x24 = 21.6cm
• 0.7x24 = 16.8cm
• 0.42x24 = 10.08cm
Draw center lines, 425 mm apart. Draw another center line at the bottom of the monitor.
Draw the left hand side core section with three steps.
Draw the LV and HV winding profile with dia= 250, 283, 343, 415 mm respectively.
Complete the magnetic frame in elevation with the given dimensions.
Draw the projection of the windings from the plan view.
Hatch the core section in the plan.
Hatch the LV and HV windings in the plan.
Hatch the LV & HV windings in the elevation.
Copy the views to the other two limbs.
Mark the dimensions and title.
For final drawing see Figure-11.

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 Figure-11 CAD drawing for Problem- 3

Problem- 4
Draw the half sectional elevation and half sectional plan of a Shell Type transformer,
which is rated as 125 kVA, 2000 V/ 400 V, Single Phase, 50 Hz. The details are given
below-
Dimension of core: Central leg = 14 x 35cm, Outer legs = 7 x 35 cm, Yoke = 7 x 35 cm,
Window = 28 cm x 14 cm
LV winding: Sandwich, Coil dimension = 1.8 cm x 10 cm, Number of coils = 4
HV winding: Sandwich, Coil dimension = 2.0 cm x 10 cm, Number of coils = 4

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Preparatory sketch
Using given data, form the magnetic frame as shown above.
Study the section of the winding.
Formulate the winding dimensions.
Form the sandwich LV & HV windings alternatively
The shapes of the HV Coil and LV coil are similar, except the height. From this we can
draw the plan and elevation. Final drawing is shown in figure-12

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 Figure 12: CAD Drawing for Problem-4

Problem- 5
Draw the half sectional elevation, half sectional plan and end view of a 100 kVA, 2200 V
/ 480 V, single phase, core type transformer
Diameter of circum circle = 245 mm,
Step dimensions are- 100,172,220 mm respectively,
Window = 150mm x 300mm,
Total turns in LV winding = 66,
Total turns in HV winding = 300,
Winding strip size for low voltage side = 11.8x3.5mm -2off,
Winding strip size for high voltage side = 5.2x3.46 mm
Delta Gap between LV and HV windings = 10 mm

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Hints:
Draw the vertical and horizontal centre lines. With commands- circle, line, offset, draw
the core section in plan. Project upwards to develop elevation of the core. (Figure-13)
Draw center lines. Draw the profile of the magnetic frame. Window dimension profile is
in between the red lines. (Figure-14)

Figure-13,(intermediate step in
drawing) Figure-14, (intermediate step in
drawing)

Figure- 15, (Arrangement of Windings)

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Calculate winding thickness and height.
LV winding - 33 Turns/limb
Assume 3 Layers
Conductor: 11.8x3.5 mm, 2 in parallel
Height of LV coil =
2x11.8x11=259.6mm
Thickness =3.5x3 = 10.5 mm
HV winding - 150Turns
Assume 3 Layers
Conductor: 5.2x3.46 mm
Height of HV coil = 5.2x50= 260mm
Thickness = 3.46x3= 10.38 mm
The partial drawing of the windings is
shown in Figure-15.
For final drawing see Figure-16.

Figure- 16, CAD drawing for Problem-5

Problem-6

To draw the views of 15 MVA, 33kV/6.6kV, 3ph, core type transformer

LV Winding Disc shaped
HV Winding Disc shaped
How to arrive at the Disc dimensions
Details of HV and LV placement on one limb
Draw the sectional elevation and sectional plan of the transformer.
The step dimensions and magnetic frame dimensions are given in the figure
LV and HV windings are disc shaped
Dimensions of core steps in a circumcircle of dia = 502 mm are given in Figure- 17.
Dimensions of Magnetic frame in elevation are given in Figure- 18

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Winding details are given below
Details LV winding HV winding
Current per phase (A) 758 263
Turns per phase 150 454
Coil ID (mm) 535 685
Coil OD (mm) 625 785
Conductor 5 in parallel 2 in parallel
(Rectangular Strip) 15.5x4.5 mm 13.5x4.0 mm
Disc Height 45 mm to 55 mm 45 mm to 55 mm

Note: Between core and LV winding, 5mm thick bakalized paper cylinder;
Windings wound on paper discs of suitable thickness.
Show the partial drawing of placement of LV and Disc windings and the GA drawing of
the 15 MVA transformer.

Figure-17, Core steps

Figure- 18, Magnetic frame

dimensions

The details are to be worked out by trails. The final arrangement of LV and HV disc
windings is shown in Figure-19. For LV winding 25 discs of 6 turns each are required.

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For HV winding 21 discs of 20 turns and 2 discs of 17 turns 9(total- 23 discs) are
required.

This is a huge transformer.A4 size is too small to read the details. Hence partial drawings
are shown. Partial placing of LV and HV discs on one limb is shown. The spacing and
insulation details are shown in Figure-20 and Figure-21. The general appearance of plan
and elevation of the 15 MVA transformer is shown in Figure- 22.

Figure-19, showing the details of arrangement of HV and LV Discs

on one side of limb

Figure- 21, placing of coils

Figure- 20, placing of coils
on both sides of limb

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 Figure-22, Plan and Elevation of 15 MVA transformer.

Some details of 15 MVA Transformer

Part Weight (Tonnes)

Magnetic Frame 11.3
Tank 13.1
Copper (winding) 4.8
Oil and other items 13.8
Total Weight 43

Referances:

1. Performance and Design of AC Machines, MG Say, ELBS 1970

2. Electrical Engineering Drawing, KL Narang, Satya Prakashan, New Delhi,2001
3. Electrical Drafting, SF Devalapur, Eastern Book Promoters, Belgaum, 2006
4. CAD for Electrical Engineers, MS Indira, VD Sankarlal, D Beula, Fillip
Learning- Elsevier, 2013

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 Appendix (Transformer)

Disc Coil
Insertion sequence of windings
Photo of Finished Transformer with Accessories

Figure-23, Disc coils and termination of coil ends

Figure-24, Insertion sequence of LV winding and HV winding

on the core of the single phase transformer

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 Figure-25, Insertion sequence of bakalized paper cylinder,
LV winding and HV winding on the core of the three phase transformer

Figure- 26, A view of a Large Transformer showing accessories-

Bushings, Radiating Fins, Fans, Oil Conservator, etc.

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