Rigid frame

A rigid frame in structural engineering is the load-resisting skeleton constructed with straight or curved members interconnected by
mostly rigid connections which resist movements induced at the joints of members. Its members can take bending moment, shear
, and
axial loads.

The two common assumptions as to the behavior of a building frame are (1) that its beams are free to rotate at their connections or (2)
that its members are so connected that the angles they make with each other do not change under load. Frameworks with connections
of intermediate stiffness will be intermediate between these two extremes. Frameworks with connections of intermediate stiffness are
commonly called semirigid frames. The AISC specifications recognize three basic frame types: Rigid Frame, Simple Frame, and
Partially Restrained Frame.[1]

AISC standard
The AISC Steel Specification Commentary on Section B3 provides guidance for the classification of a connection in terms of its
rigidity. The secant stiffness of the connection Ks is taken as an index property of connection stiffness. Specifically,

Ks = Ms/θs
where
Ms = moment at service loads, kip-in (N-mm)
θs = rotation at service loads, rads[2]

The secant stiffness of the connection is compared to the rotational stiffness of the connected member as follows, in which L and EI
are the length and bending rigidity, respectively, of the beam.

If KsL/EI ≥ 20, it is acceptable to consider the connection to be fully restrained (in other words, able to maintain the
angles between members). If KsL/EI ≤ 2, it is acceptable to consider the connection to be simple (in other words, it
rotates without developing moment). Connections with stiffnesses between these two limits are partially restrained
and the stiffness, strength and ductility of the connection must be considered in the design.[2]

Notes
1. Gaylord, Edwin (1992).Steel Structures. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. p. 555.ISBN 0-07-023054-4.
2. AISC 2016, p. 332.

Reference
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-16)(PDF). American Institute of Steel Construction
(AISC). July 7, 2016. Retrieved 2018-01-27.

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