SPS MODULE Sains Kertas 2

SECTION A
1 A group students had collected several leaves from a tree. Data obtained is shown in Table 1.1.
Sekumpulan pelajar telah mengumpulkan sejumlah daun daripada sepohon pokok. Data yang
diperoleh ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.1.
16 13 14 20 10 16 14 17
21 19 8 20 15 18 11 15
7 18 14 15 16 12 13 15
4 23 8 10 20 14 15 7
Table 1.1
Rajah 1.1
(a) Using the data in Table 1.1, complete Table 1.2.

Gunakan data di atas untuk melengkapkan Jadual 1.2.
Length of leaves (cm)

4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15 16-18 19-21 22-24
Panjang daun (cm)
Bilangan daun
Number of leaves
[2 marks]
Table 1.1
Rajah 1.1
(b) Based on the information in Table 1.2, draw a bar graph to show the number of leaves
against length of leaves.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 1.2, lukiskan graf palang yang menunjukkan bilangan daun
melawan panjang daun.
1
[2 marks]
(c) Write a conclusion on the type of variation based on the bar chart in (b).
Tuliskan kesimpulan tentang jenis variasi berdasarkan graf bar pada (b).
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
2
2 Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show an experiment to compare the heat change in chemical
reactions of substances X and subatances Y while being dissolve in water.
Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk membandingkan perubahan haba dalam
tindakbalas kimia ke atas bahan X dan Y yang sedang melarut dalam air.
(a) Based on the result in Diagram 1.2, complete Table 1.

Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen dalam Rajah 1.2, lengkapkan Jadual 1.
Substance Final Temperature  C Change in temperature

Bahan Suhu akhir  C Perubahan suhu
X 37 5
Y ……………. …………….
Table 1
Jadual 1
[1 mark]
(b) State the variable in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.
(i) Manipulated variable:

Pembolehubah dimanipulas
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) Constant variable:

Pembolehubah dimalarkan:
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
3
(c) State one inference in this experiment.
Nyatakan satu inferens bagi eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(d) State the hypothesis based on this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis berdasarkan eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
3 Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2 show an experiment to study the reactivity of metal X and metal Y
with water. Gas is collected within five minutes.
Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kereaktifan logam X dan
logam Y dengan air. Gas dikumpulkan dalam masa lima minit.
(a) (i) State one observation from this experiment.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian daripada eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on the experiment, mark (  ) the metal which is more reactive in Table 2.
Berdasarkan eksperimen, tandakan (  ) bagi logam yang lebih reaktif dalam Jadual 2.
Metal X Metal Y
Logam X Logam Y
[1 mark]
4
(b) State the variable in this experiment.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan:
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) Responding variable:

Pembolehubah bergerak balas:
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) State the operational definition of reactivity of metal.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kereaktifan logam.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
4 Diagram 1.1 shows the experiment to study the reactivity of metals with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kereaktifan logam dengan asid
hidroklorik cair.
(a) State one inference for this experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) State one responding variables in this experiment.

Nyatakakan satu pembolehubah yang bergerakbalas dalam eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
5
(c) Experiment is repeated by using metal R.
Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan logam R.
Based on the Diagram 1.1 and 1.2,arrange the reactivity of metals P,Q and R in ascending
order.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1,dan 1.2,susun logam P,Q dan R mengikut kereaktifan dalam tertib
menaik.
Increase of metals reactivity

Kereaktifan logam menaik
[2 marks]
(d) State the operational definition for reactive metal in this experiments.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi logam reaktif dalam eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
[1 mark]
5 Substance X is heated to determine its boiling point. The temperature of substance X is recorded
every 2 minutes until it boils.
Table 1 shows the result of the experiment.
Sejenis bahan X dipanaskan untuk menentukan takat didihnya. Suhu bahan itu direkodkan
setiap 2 minit sehingga mendidih. Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.
Time / minute
0 2 4 6 8 10
Masa / minit
Temperature / C
18 38 60 80 102 102
Suhu
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Based on Table 1, draw a graph of temperature against time.
6
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa.
[1 mark]
(b) Predict the state of matter of subatance X on the 5th minutes.

Ramalkan keadaan bahan X pada minit ke-5.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) What is the relationship between the temperature of substance X and the time for the first 6
minutes?
Apakah hubungan antara suhu bahan X dan masa dalam 6 minit pertama?
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
7
6 Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show an experiment study the effect of impurities on the melting
point of ice.
Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan bendasing terhadap
takat lebur ais.
8
The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 1.
Keputusan eksperimen direkodkan di dalam Jadual 1.
Substance Final Temperature  C

Bahan Takat lebur C
Ice
0
Ais
Ice+Sodium Chloride
…………
Ais+Natrium klorida
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Based on the above experiment, complete Table 1.

Berdasarkan eksperimen di atas, lengkapkan Jadual 1.
[1 mark]
(b) State one inference this experiment.

Nyatakan satu inferens bagi tindakbalas ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(ii)
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) State one application of this principle in everyday life.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan prinsip ini di dalam kehidupan harian
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
9
7 Diagram 2 shows an experiment to study the heat change in a fermentation process of glucose.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji perubahan haba dalam proses penapaian
glukosa.
The result of the experiment is recorded in Table 2.

Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 2.
Time (min) Thermometer reading (°C)

Masa (min) Bacaan termometer
0 28
5 30
10 32
15 …..
20 35
25 35
Table 2
Jadual 2
(a) Based on the thermometer reading Diagram 2, complete Table 2.

Berdasarkan bacaan termometer dalam Rajah 2, lengkapkan Jadual 2.
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Table 2, draw a graph to show the relationship between the time and the temperature.
Berdasarkn Jadual 2, lukis graf untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara masa dan suhu.
10
[2 marks]
(c) What is the relationship between the time and the temperature in the first 15 minutes?
Apakah hubungan antara masa dan suhu dalam masa 15 minit yang pertama?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
[1 mark]
(d) Predict the temperature at the 30th minute.

Ramalkan suhu pada minit ke-30.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
[1 mark]
11
8 Diagram 1 shows an experiment to study the production of electrical energy in a simple cell.
Rajah 1menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji penghasilan tenaga elektrik dalam satu sel
ringkas.
The experiment is repeated by using other pairs of metals. The voltmeter reading is recorded in Table 1.
Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menggunakan pasangan logam lain.Bacaan voltmeter direkodkan dalam
Jadual 1.
Pairs of metals Voltmeter reading/v

Pasangan logam Bacaan voltmeter
Zinc and copper
0.8
Zink dan kuprum
Copper and copper
0.0
Kuprum dan kuprum
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) What is the voltmeter reading for the pair of metals, aluminium and copper?
Apakah bacaan voltmeter bagi pasangan logam aluminium dan kuprum?
……………………………………………...………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) Write down one inference based on the above observation in 1(a).
Tuliskan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian 1(a).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
12

Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan :……………………………………………………
(ii) Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas :………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d) Predict the voltmeter reading when a pair of aluminium plates are used.
Ramalkan bacaan voltmeter jika pasangan kepingan logam aluminium digunakan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
[1 mark]
9 Diagram 3.1 shows an experiment to study the formation of an image by a plane mirror. An
object is placed in front of the plane mirror.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen bagi mengkaji pembentukan imej pada cermin satah.
Satu objek diletakkan di hadapan cermin satah itu.
(a) Measure the distance of X.

Ukur jarak X.
………………………………………… cm
[1 mark]
(b) Draw an image of the object E formed in Diagram 3.1.

Lukis imej bagi objek E yang terbentuk pada Rajah 3.1.
[2 marks]
13
(c) State one characteristic of the image formed by the plane mirror.
Nyatakan satu ciri imej yang terbentuk oleh cermin satah.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(d) Diagram 3.2 shows the image of a clock formed on a plane mirror.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan imej jam yang terbentuk oleh satu cermin satah.
State the time shown by the clock.

Nyatakan masa yang ditunjukkan oleh jam itu.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
10 Diagram 2.1 shows a primary coloured filter placed between a prism and white screen.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan penapis warna primer diletakkan di antara prisma kaca dan skrin putih.
Result of the experiment is shown in Table 2.

Keputusan eksperimen ditujukkan dalam Jadual 2.
14
(a) State one responding variables in this experiment.
Nyatakan satu pembolehubah yang bergerakbalas dalam eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) State hypothesis is this experiment.
Nytakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) State the operational definition for primary filter in this experiments.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi penapis primer dalam eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) Complete ray diagram in Diagram 2.2 to show the light colour forms on the screen.
Lengkapkan rajah sinar dalam Rajah 2.2 untuk menunjukkan warna cahaya yang terbentuk
atas skrin.
[2 marks]
(e) Predict the colour formed on the screen if the primary filter is replaced with yellow filter.
Ramalkan warna yang terbentuk di atas skrin jika penapis primer digantikan dengan
penapis warna kuning.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
15
11 Diagram 2 shows the experiment to study the characteristics of image formed by plain mirror.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri imej yang terbentuk oleh cermin
satah.
(a) In diagram 2, draw the image formed by the plain mirror.

Dalam Rajah 2, lukiskan imej yang terbentuk oleh cermin satah.
[2 marks]
(b) Predict the size of image formed when the object is move further from the plain mirror.
Ramalkan saiz imej yang akan terbentuk jika objek tersebut digerakkan lebih jauh dari cermin
satah.
……………………………………………………. ………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) In Table 1, mark (  ) the characteristics of the image formed by plain mirror.
Dalam Jadual 1, tandakan (  ) pada ciri-ciri imej yang terbentuk oleh cermin satah.
Upright Laterally inverted Real Virtual

Tegak Songsang sisi Nyata Maya
Table 1
Jadual 1
[2 marks]
16
12 Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2 show an experiment to produce secondary colours.
Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk menghasilkan warna sekunder.
(a) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Constant variables:

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) Manipulated variable:

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
17
13 Diagram 2.1 shows an experiment to study the formation of an image by a concave lens.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji pembentukkan imej oleh kanta cekung.
(a) Complete Diagram 2.1 to show the formation of the image by concave lens.
Lengkapkan Rajah 2.1 untuk menunjukkan pembentukkan imej oleh kanta cekung.
[2 marks]
(b) Measure and write down the height of the image.

Ukur dan tuliskan tinggi imej itu.
……………………………………………………. cm.
[1 mark]
(c) Concave lens in Diagram 2.1 is replaced by convex lens in Diagram 2.2.
Kanta cekung pada Rajah 2.1 digantikan dengan kanta cembung pada rajah 2.2.
The student wants to get a virtual,upright and magnified image.
18
Draw the position of the object and complete Diagram 2.2 to show the formation of the
image.
Seorang pelajar ingin mendapatkan imej yang mempunyai cirri maya,tegak dan lebih
besar daripada objek.
Lukiskan kedudukan objek dan lengkapkan Rajah 2.2 untuk menunjukkan pembentukkan
imej.
[2 marks]
(b) Based on the experiment above, classify the colours in Table 1.

Berdasarkan eksperimen di atas, kelaskan warna-warna tersebut dalam Jadual 1.
Primary colours Secondary colours

Warna primer Warna sekunder
Table 1
Jadual 1
[1 mark]
Diagram 2.3 shows the addition of coloured lights.

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan penambahan cahaya berwarna.
(c) What is the colour that appears on X?

Apakah warna yang terhasil di X?
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition of secondary colours.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi warna sekunder.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
19
14 Diagram 2 shows an object P in front of a pin-hole camera.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan objek berada di hadapan sebuah kamera lubang jarum.
(a) Draw a ray diagram of the image formed by object P in Diagram 2.

Lukiskan rajah sinar pembentukan imej oleh objek P pada Rajah 2.
[2 marks]
(b) Measure and write down the size of the image.

Ukur dan tuliskan saiz imej itu.
……………………………………………………. cm.
[1 mark]
(c) Predict the characteristics of the image if hole X is enlarged.

Ramalkan sifat imej jika lubang X dibesarkan.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) Tick ( / ) the object which form an image with the same characteristics as the image
formed in Diagram 2.
Tandakan ( / ) bagi objek yang mempunyai ciri imej yang sama seperti imej yang terbentuk dalam
Rajah 2.
20
[1 mark]
15 The diagram shows the formation of an image by a convex lens.

Rajah menunjukkan pembentukan imej oleh kanta cembung.
Diagram 3 (ii)
Rajah 3 (ii)
(a) (i) Complete the ray diagram to show the formation of an image in Diagram 3 (ii).
Lengkapkan rajah sinar untuk menunjukkan pembentukan imej pada Rajah 3 (ii).
[2 marks]
(ii) Measure and write the size of the image.

Ukur dan tulis saiz imej.
21
……………………………… cm
[1 mark]
(b) What is the constant variable in the experiment?

Apakah pembolehubah yang dimalarkan dalam experiment ini?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) State the hypothesis of this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
16 Table 4 shows the result of an experiment to study the growth of mucor on a bread.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan mukor di atas
sekeping roti.
The experiment is carried out for five days 37C.
Eksperimen itu dijalankan selama lima hari pada suhu 37C.
Metal X Metal Y
Logam X Logam Y
0 0
1 1
2 3
3 5
4 6
5 6
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a) State one hypothesis that can be made for this experiment.
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh dibuat untuk eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(b) Using data in Table 4, draw a graph of the number of mucor colonies against time.
Dengan menggunakan data dalam Jadual 4, lukis graf bilangan koloni mukor melawan masa.
22
[2 marks]
(c) What is the relationship between the number of mucor colonies and time?
Apakah hubungan antara bilangan koloni mukor dengan masa.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(d) Predict the number of colonies mucor produced on the 6th day.
Ramalkan bilangan koloni mukor yang terhasil pada hari ke-6.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
17 Diagram 3 shows the results of an experiment to study the effect of temperature on bacterial
growth after 2 days.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas pertumbuhan
bacteria selepas 2 hari.
23
(i) Manipulasi variable

Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) Constant variable
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) State one inference that can be made based on observation in Diagram 3.
Nyatakan satu inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan pemerhatian pada Rajah 3.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) Predict the number of bacteria colony when petri dish with cultured bacteria is kept at 0°C.
Ramalkan bilangan koloni bacteria apabila piring petri mengandungi kultur bakteria
disimpan pada suhu 0°C.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
18 Diagram 1 shows the experiment to study the effect of pH value on the growth of bacteria.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan nilai pH terhadap pertumbuhan
bakteria.
24
(a) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) State the variables in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah untuk eksperimen ini.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi:
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas:
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) Controlled variable:

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Mark (  ) for the microorganism which were used in the experiment.
Tandakan (  ) bagi mikroorganisma yang telah digunakan di dalam eksperimen di atas.
[1 mark]
25
19 Diagram 3 shows the experiment to study the effect of yeast on dough of the bread.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan eksperimen mengkaji kesan yis ke atas doh roti.
The height of the dough is measured every five minutes and the results is recorded in Table 2.
Ketinggian doh diukur setiap lima minit dan keputusan direkodkan dalam jadual 2.
Time / minutes Height of the dough / cm

Masa / minit Ketinggian doh / cm
0 11.2
5 12.0
10 12.7
15 ………
20 13.8
25 14.0
Table2
Jadual 2
(a) (i) Using the data in Table 2, draw a graph of the height of the dough against time.
Dengan menggunakan data dalam Jadual 2, lukiskan graf ketinggian doh melawan masa.
26
[2 marks]
(ii) Based on your graph, determine the height of the dough at 15th minutes.
Berdasarkan graf anda, tentukan ketinggian doh pada minit yang ke 15.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) What is the relationship between height of the dough and time within the first fifteen
minutes?
Apakah hubungan antara ketinggian doh dan masa dalam masa lima belas minit yang pertama.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) State one factor that can make the height of the dough increases faster.
Nyatakan satu faktor yang boleh membuatkan ketinggian doh meningkat lebih cepat.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
20 Diagram 3.1 shows an experiment carried out to study the effect of penicillin on bacterial growth.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan penisilin ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria.
27
Three penicillin discs P1,P2 and P3 with different concentrations are placed on the nutrient agar
surface.Diagram 3.2 show the result after two days.
Tiga cakera penisilin P1,P2 dan P3 dengan kepekatan yang berlainan diletakkan di atas
permukaan agar-agar nutrient.Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keputusan selepas dua hari.
(a) Write one observation from the result of this experiment.

Tuliskan satu pemerhatian berdasarkan keputusan ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) What is the hypothesis for this experiment?
Apakah hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini?
……………………………………………………………………………………………...……………
[1 mark]
(c) State one fixed variable in this experiment.

Nyatakan satu pembolehubah dimalarkan dalam eksperimen.
28
………………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(d) Mark ( √ ) the disease which can be treated by antibiotic.

Tandakan ( √ )penyakit yang boleh dirawat menggunakan antibiotic.
AIDS
AIDS
Tinea
Panau
Tuberculosis
Tibi
[1 mark]
(e) Penicillin is an antibiotic.State the operational definition for antibiotic.

Penisilin adalah sejenis antibiotic.Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi antibiotic.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
21 Diagram 4 shows the experiment to study the effect of potassium on plant growth.
Seedlings of corn is put in two different types of culture solution for one week and the result is
shown below.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan unsur kalium bagi pertumbuhan anak benih.
Anak benih jagung dimasukkan di dalam dua jenis larutan kultur yang berbeza selama seminggu dan
keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dibawah.

29
(i) Manipulated variable.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Responding variable.

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) State the observation based on the result of the experiment.

Nyatakan pemerhatian berdasarkan hasil eksperimen tersebut.
…………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………...
[1 mark]
(c) What is the conclusion of this experiment?

Apakah kesimpulan bagi eksperimen ini?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(d) State the operational definition of the seedling growth.

Nyatakn definisi secara operasi bagi pertumbuhan anak benih.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
22 Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show the results of an experiment to study the need of nitrogen
for plant growth.
Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji keperluan
nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
(a) (i) State one observation from this experiment.

30
………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) Based on the observation in 3(a) (i), state one inference.

Berdasarkan kepada pemerhatian di 3(a)(i), nyatakan satu inferens.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]


………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

Pembolehubah bergerak balas:
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) Mark (  ) the nutrients which are classified as micronutrients.

Tandakan (  ) nutrient yang diklasifikasikan sebagai mikronutrien.
Potassium
Kalium
Boron
Boron
Molybdenum
Molibdenum
[1 mark]
23 Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the level of air pollution in Area X, Area Y and Area
Z.
31
The Petri dishes are placed from 8.00 am till 3.00 pm.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji tahap pencemaran udara di Kawasan X, Kawasan Y
dan Kawasan Z.
Piring petri diletakkan dari pukul 8.00 pagi sehingga 3.00 petang.
(a) Which area is the most polluted between 8.00 till 3.00 pm?
Kawasan yang manakah paling tercemar antara jam 8.00 pagi hinggga 3.00 petang?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]


Pembolehubah dimanipulasi:
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) State the operational definition for air pollution.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pencemaran udara.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(d) Complete Table 2 by writing down X, Y and Z to the correct area.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 dengan menulis X, Y dan Z pada kawasan yang betul.
32
Table 2
Jadual 2
[1 mark]
24. Table 1 shows the data of polluted river in a country from 1995 to 2000
Jadual 1 menunjukkan data sungai yang tercemar dalam sebuah Negara dari 1995 hingga
2000.
Year
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Tahun
Number of polluted river
53 61 68 71 72 74
Bilangan sungai tercemar
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Using data in Table 1,draw a graph of the number of polluted river against time.
Dengan menggunakan data dalam Jadual 1,lukis graf bilangan sungai tercemar melawan
masa.
[2 marks]
(b) What is the relationship between the number of polluted river and time?
Apakah hubungan antara bilangan sungai tercemar dan masa?
33
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) State one observation from the data in Table 1

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian daripada data dalam Jadual 1.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
25 Diagram 3.1 shows an experiment to compare the elasticity of rubber P and Q.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekenyalan getah P dan Q.
Table 3 shows the result of the experiment.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Type of rubber Rubber P Rubber Q

Jenis getah Getah P Getah Q
Initial length of rubber strip/cm
1.7 1.7
Panjang asal jalur getah/cm
Length of rubber strip after removal of
weight/cm
1.9 …….
Panjang jalur getah selepas beban
dialihkan/cm
Table 3
Jadual 3
(a) Write down one observation from the above experiment.

Tulis satu pemerhatian daripada eksperimen di atas.
34
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Measure and write down the length of rubber strip Q after removed the weight at Table 3.
Ukur dan tulis panjang jalur getah Q selepas dialihkan beban pada Jadual 3.
[1 mark]
(c) State one hypothesis for the experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
[1 mark]
(d) State the variables in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah bagi eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

Pembolehubah dimalarkan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
26 Diagram 3 shows set up of apparatus used to prepare ethanol from the fermentation process.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan radas yang digunakan untuk menyediakan etanol daripada proses penapaian.
(a) Based on diagram 3, what is your observation on the lime water?
35
Berdasarkan rajah 3, apakah pemerhatian yang dapat dibuat ke atas air kapur?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) State one inference for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu inference bagi eksperiment ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) State the variable in this experiment.

(i) constant variable:

Pembolehubah ditetapkan:
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) manipulated variable:

Pembolehubah yang dimanipulasi:
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) State the operational definition for fermentation.

Nyatakan definasi secara operasi bagi penapaian.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
27 Diagram 4 shows the experiment of coagulation of latex.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan eksperimen penggumpalan lateks.
Diagram 4 shows the experiment of coagulation of latex.
36
Rajah 4 menunjukkan eksperimen penggumpalan lateks.
Beaker Substance The condition of latex

Bikar Bahan Keadaan lateks
Beaker A Latex + ethanoic acid Solid

Bikar A Lateks + asid etanoik Pepejal
Beaker B Latex + substance Y Remain Liquid

Bikar B Lateks + bahan Y Kekal cecair
Table 3
Jadual 3
(a) Write down one inference based on the result of this experiment.
Tuliskan satu inferens berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(b) Mark ( / ) the substance which is suitable to be used as structure Y.

Tandakan ( / ) bagi bahan yang sesuai digunakan sebagai bahan Y.
Hydrochoric acid Ammonia Distilled water

Asid hidroklorik Ammonia Air tulen
[1 mark]
(c) What is the responding variable in this experiment?
Apakah pembolehubah bergerakbalas dalam eksperimen ini?
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(d) How to fit the constant variable in this experiment?

Bagaimanakah pembolehubah malar ditetapkan dalam eksperimen ini?
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(e) Latex coagulates in beaker A, state the operational definition of coagulation of latex.
Lateks menggumpal pada bikar A, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi penggumpalan lateks.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
28 Diagram 4 shows an experiment to investigate the relationship between inertia and mass.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara inersia dan jisim.
37
Six cans with different mass are pushed at the same time by the force.The time taken by each can to stop
from its swinging is recorded.
Enam tin berlainan jisim ditolak pada masa yang sama dengan daya yang sama.Masa yang diambil oleh
setiap tin untuk berhenti berayun dicatat.
The result of the experiment are recorded in Table 4.

Keputusan eksperimen dicatatkan di dalam Jadual 4.
Mass of can A B C D E F
Jisim tin 200g 400g 600g 800G 1000g 1200g
Taken time for can to stop(minutes)
Masa yang diambil untuk tin 1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 9 10.8
berhenti(minit)
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a) Using the data in Table 4, draw a graph of the time taken against mass.
Menggunakan data dalam Jadual 4, lukis graf masa yang diambil melawan jisim.
[2 marks]
(b) What is the relationship between time taken and mass?

Apakah hubungan antara masa yang diambil dan jisim?
38
………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
[1 mark]
(c) State the constans variable.

Nyatakan pembolehubah dimalarkan.
………………………………………………………...………………………………………
[1 mark]
(d) Predict the time taken if can mass is 500 g.

Ramalkan masa yang diambil jika jisimnya ialah 500 g.
……………………. minit
[1 mark]
29 Table 3 shows the result of the experiment to study the relationship between momentum and
velocity.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen bagi mengkaji hubungan antara momentum dan
halaju.
Velocity (ms-1)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Halaju (ms-1)
Momentum (kgms-1)
0 0.3 0.9 2.1
Momentum (kgms-1)
Table 3/ Jadual 3
(a) Using Table 3, draw a graph to show the relationship between momentum and velocity on
the paper graph below.
Dengan menggunakan Jadual 3, lukiskan graf bagi menunjukkan hubungan antara momentum dan
halaju pada kertas graf dibawah.
39
[2 marks]
(b) Based on the graph in (a), determine the momentum of the trolley when the velocity is 0.6
(ms-1).
Berdasarkan graf di (a), tentukan momentum troli pada halaju 0.6 ms-1.
[1 mark]
(c) State the relationship between the velocity and momentum in this experiment.
Nyatakan hubungan antara halaju dan momentum dalam eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
30 Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show the apparatus set-up for an experiment.
Rajah 4.1 dan 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk suatu eksperimen.
40
Diagram 4.3 and Diagram 4.4 show two strips of ticker tape obtained from Experiment
1 and Experiment 2.
Rajah 4.3 dan Rajah 4.4 menunjukkan dua jalur pita detik yang diperolehi dari Eksperimen 1
dan Eksperimen 2.
(a) Measure the length of RS of ticker tape in Diagram 4.4.

Ukur panjang RS bagi pita detik dalam Rajah 4.4.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State one observation from this experiment.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on the observation in 4(b)(i), state one inference.

Berdasarkan kepada pemerhatian 4(b)(i), nyatakan satu inferens.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Based on Diagram 4.3, state the type of movement of the trolley.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3, nyatakan jenis gerakan troli itu.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(d) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
41
31 Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 shows an experiment to study the relationship between pressure and surface
area.
Rajah 4.1 dan 4.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara tekanan
dengan luas permukaan.
DIAGRAM 4.1/RAJAH 4.1 DIAGRAM 4.2/RAJAH 4.2
The depth of the dent form on the plasticine is measured and recorded in Table 4.
Kedalaman lekuk yang terbentuk ke atas plastisin diukur dan direkod dalam Jadual 4.
Surface area of block

Depth of dent plasticine
Luas permukaan blok
Kedalaman lekuk pada plastisin
kayu
(mm)
(cm2)
1 40
5 10
Table 4 /Jadual 4
(a) State the hypothesis that can be made from this experiment.
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh dibuat daripada eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
(b) State one inference for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh dibuat daripada eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...


………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Respoding variable:

………………………………………………………………………………………….
42
(d) State the operational definition for pressure.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi tekanan.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
32 Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show an experiment to investigate the electrical conductivity of
metal and non-metal.
Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kekonduksian elektrik
oleh bahan logam dan bukan logam.
Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1.2
(a) (i) Based on Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2, what is your observation on the condition
of the bulb?
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2, apakah pemerhatian anda pada keadaan mentol?
………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Based on the experiment, mark ( √ ) the plat which is a metal.

Berdasarkan eksperimen, tandakan ( √ ) bagi plat logam.
Plate A Plate B
Plat A Plat B
[2 marks]


Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
43
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) State the operational definition of metal.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi logam.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
33 Table 2 shows the result of the experiment to study the reactivity of calcium with water.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kereaktifan kalsium
dengan air.
Time / min
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Masa / min
Volume of hydrogen gas
0 15 30 …… 41 43 43
Isipadu gas hidrogen / cm3
Table 2
Jadual 2
(a) (i) Using the data in Table 2, draw the graph volume of hydrogen gas against time.
Berdasarkan data dalam Jadual 2, lukiskan graf isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa.
[2 marks]
(ii) Based on the graph, state the volume of hydrogen gas on the third minute.
44
Berdasarkan graf, nyatakan isipadu gas hirogen pada minit ketiga.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) What is the relationship between the volume of hydrogen gas and the reaction time in
the first two minutes?
Apakah hubungan di antara isipadu gas hidrogen dengan masa tindakbalas dalam dua minit
pertama?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Predict the volume of hydrogen gas on the seventh minute.

Ramalkan isipadu gas hydrogen pada minit yang ketujuh.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
34 Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show an experiment to produce the secondary coloured lights.
Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk menghasilkan cahaya warna
sekunder.
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
45
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(a) State the variables in this experiment:


………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(b) Based on Diagram 3.1, state one hypothesis.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1, nyatakan satu hipotesis.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Mark ( √ ) in the boxes provided, the primary coloured lights.

Tandakan ( √ ) pada petak yang disediakan, cahaya warna primer.
Magenta Red Blue Yellow

Magenta Merah Biru Kuning
[1 mark]
46
(d) Diagram 3.3 shows the addition of coloured lights.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan penambahan cahaya berwarna.
Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3
Predict the colour of light produces at area X?

Ramalkan warna cahaya yang terhasil di kawasan X?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
35 Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show an experiment to study the effect of yeast on the dough.
Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen mengkaji kesan yis terhadap adunan
roti.
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
47
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
(a) Based on Diagram 4.2, state one observation from the result of the experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.2, nyatakan satu pemerhatian dari keputusan eksperimen.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]
(b) Based on the observation in 4(a), state one inference.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam 4(a), nyatakan satu inferens.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]
(c) Measure diameter of the dough between A and B at Diagram 4.2.

Ukur diameter adunan roti antara A dan B pada Rajah 4.2.
…………………………………………… cm
[1 mark]
(d) State one constant variables in this experiment.

Nyatakan satu pembolehubah dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]
(e) Tick ( √ ) in the box for the class of yeast.

Tandakan ( √ ) pada kotak untuk kelas bagi yis.
Bakteria Fungi Protozoa

Bacteria Kulat Protozoa
[1 mark]
48
36 Diagram 1.1 and 1.2 show an experiment to study the properties of substances.
Rajah 1.1 dan 1.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji sifat bahan.
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
(a) State one inference for this experiment.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) Mark ( √ ) in the boxes in Table 1 for the substance which has the same properties to the
substance in Diagram 1.2.
Tandakan ( √ ) dalam petak pada Jadual 1 bagi bahan yang mempunyai sifat sama seperti
bahan dalam Rajah 1.2.
Zinc Sulphur Lead

Zink Sulfur Plumbum
Table 1
Jadual 1
[1 mark]
49
(i) Manipulated variable :

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi :
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Constant variable :

Pembolehubah dimalarkan :
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(d) Based on Diagram 1.1, state the operational definition for electrical conductor.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi konduktor elektrik.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
37 Diagram 2.1 shows an experiment to study the effect of light on a photosensitive chemical.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan cahaya ke atas bahan kimia
peka cahaya.
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.2 shows the result of the experiment.
50
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
(a) Based on Diagram 2.2, write down one observation for this experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]
(b) State the inference that can be made based on the observation in Diagram 2.2.
Nyatakan inferens yang dapat dibuat berdasarkan pemerhatian di Rajah 2.2.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]

(i) Manipulated variable.

Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi.
……………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

Pemboleh ubah bergerakbals.
51
……………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(d) Diagram 2.3 shows three bottles to keep the chemical.

Circle the most suitable bottle to keep photosensitive chemical.
Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan tiga botol yang digunakan untuk menyimpan bahan kimia.
Bulatkan botol yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk menyimpan bahan kimia yang peka
cahaya.
Diagram 2.3
Rajah 2.3
[1 mark]
38 A few students carry out an experiment to study the growth of leaf of corn seedling. The first
leaf is marked and the length is measured every day.
Beberapa orang pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan daun
bagi anak benih jagung. Daun yang pertama ditanda dan diambil ukuran panjang setiap
hari.
The length of the first leaf is recorded in Table 1.

Panjang daun pertama dicatakan dalam Jadual 1.
Time / day
0 1 2 3 4 5
Masa / hari
Length of the first leaf / cm
0.6 1.8 2.8 3.4 3.8 4.2
Panjang daun pertama /cm
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Based on Table 1, draw a graph to show the length of the first leaf against time.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, lukiskan graf untuk menunjukkan panjang daun pertama melawan masa.
52
[2 marks]
(b) Based on the graph, what the relationship between the length of the leaf and time?
Berdasarkan graf, apakah hubungan antara panjang daun dengan masa?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Predict the length of the first leaf on the 6th days.
Ramalkan panjang daun pertama pada hari ke-6.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) State one inference in this experiment.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
53
[1 mark]
39 Diagram 3.1 shows an experiment to study the pressure produced by metal rod of the same
size at P and Q. Weight is placed on metal rod.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tekanan yang dihasilkan oleh rod
logam yang sama saiz pada P dan Q. Pemberat diletakkan atas rod logam.
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
Diagram 3.2 shows the effect on the plasticine after the experiment.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan kesan pada plastisin selepas eksperimen.
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(a) Based on Diagram 3.2, measure and record the depth of dent at P and dent Q.
Berdasarkan kepada Rajah 3.2, ukur dan catat kedalaman lekukan pada P dan Q.
P : ……………………………… cm.
Q : ……………………………… cm.
[1 mark]
(b) Based on the experiment, which rod produced higher pressure?

Berdasarkan eksperimen, rod yang manakah telah menghasilkan tekanan yang lebih tinggi?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
54
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(d) Predict the depth of dent if the weight at P is 200 g.

Ramalkan kedalaman lekukan jika pemberat 200 g digunakan pada P.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
40 Diagram 1.1 shows the arrangement of apparatus to investigate the effect of light intensity on
the rate of photosynthesis.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar
fotosintesis.
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
(a) State the volume of oxygen gas collected in Diagram 1.1.

Nyatakan isipadu gas oksigen yang terkumpul dalam Rajah 1.1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...…
[1 mark]
55
The light intensity is reduced by increasing the distance between the bulb and the beaker, X, to
50 cm.
Diagram 1.2 shows the graphs of the volume of oxygen gas against time for the experiment.
Keamatan cahaya dikurangkan dengan menambahkan jarak di antara mentol dengan bikar, X,
kepada 50 cm.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan graf bagi isipadu gas oksigen melawan masa bagi eksperimen itu.
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
[1 mark]
(b) On Diagram 1.2,

Pada Rajah 1.2,
(i) circle the graph which shows the higher rate of fotosynthesis.
bulatkan graf yang menunjukkan kadar fotosintesis yang lebih tinggi.
[1 mark]
56
(ii) draw another graph of the volume of gas against time if the distance between the
bulb and beaker, X, is 35 cm.
lukiskan satu lagi graf isipadu gas melawan masa jika jarak di antara mentol dengan
bikar, X, ialah 35 cm.
[1 mark]
(c) State the manipulated variable in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah dimanipulasi bagi eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for photosynthesis.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi fotosintesis.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
41 Diagram 2.1 shows an experiment to study the characteristics of an image formed on a plane
mirror.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji ciri imej yang terbentuk pada cermin
satah.
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
(a) Complete Ray 1 and Ray 2 in Diagram 2.1 to show the light rays reaching the
observer’s eye.
Lengkapkan sinar 1 dan sinar 2 dalam Rajah 2.1 untuk menunjukkan sinar cahaya yang sampai
57
ke mata pemerhati.
[1 mark]
(b) Measure the image distance, D, in Diagram 2.1.

Ukurkan jarak imej, D, dalam Rajah 2.1.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Diagram 2.2 shows an image of a wall clock seen in a plane mirror.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan imej sebuah jam dinding di dalam cermin satah.
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
(i) State the actual time shown by the clock.

Nyatakan masa sebenar yang ditunjukkan oleh jam itu.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) State one characteristic of the image formed in diagram 2.2.

Nyatakan satu ciri imej yang terbentuk dalam Rajah 2.2.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(d) Mark ( √ ) the optical instrument which uses plane mirror.

Tandakan ( √ ) alat optic yang menggunakan cermin satah.
[1 mark]
58
42 A student conducted an experiment to study the growth of bacteria. Petri dish containing
Basillus subtilis bacteria and the nutrient agar were incubated at 37° C for five days.
Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan bacteria. Piring
petri yang mengandungi bakteria Basillus subtilis dan agar nutrient itu dieramkan pada
suhu 37° C selama lima hari.
Time / day Size of bacterial colony / mm

Masa / hari Saiz koloni bacteria / mm
0 0
1 7
2 14
3 18
4 20
5 21
Table 3
Jadual 3
(a) Based on Table 3, draw a graph to show the relationship between the size of bacterial
colony and time.
Berdasarkan Jadual 3, lukiskan graf untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara saiz koloni bakteria
dengan masa.
59
[3 marks]
(b) What is the relationship between the size of bacterial colony and time?
Apakah hubungan antara saiz koloni bacteria dengan masa?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]
(c) Predict the size of bacterial colony produced on the 6th day.
Ramalkan saiz koloni bacteria yang terhasil pada hari ke-enam.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]
43 Diagram 4 shows an experiment conducted to study the relationship between mass and inertia.
The tins are pushed simultaneously from rest with the same force.
The result of the experiment is shown in Table 4.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji perhubungan di antara jisim dan inertia.
Kedua-dua tin ditolak serentak dari keadaan pegun dengan daya yang sama.
Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 4.
60
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
Tin Time taken for the tin to stop oscillate (min)

Tin Masa yang diambil untuk tin berhenti berayun (min)
Empty tin
5
Tin kosong
Tin filled with sand
8
Tin berisi pasir
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a) (i) Based on Table 4, write down one observation for this experiment.
Berdasarkan Jadual 4, tuliskan satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(ii) State the inferens that can be made based on your observation in 4(a)(i).
Nyatakan inferens yang dapat dibuat berdasarkan pemerhatian di 4(a)(i).
…………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(i) Constant variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
61
(c) Mark ( √ ) to the diagram which shows the concept of inertia.
Tandakan ( √ ) pada rajah yang menunjukkan konsep inersia.
[1 mark]
44 Diagram 1 shows an experiment to study the reaction of metal P with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tindakbalas logam P dengan asid hidroklorik
cair.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
62
The volume of gas collected is recorded every minute for six minutes.
Table 1 shows the results of the experiment.
Isipadu gas yang dikumpul direkod setiap minit selama enam minit.
Time (minutes)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Masa (minit)
Volume of gas collected (cm3)
16 31 41 46 48 48
Isipadu gas terkumpul (cm3)
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) State the responding variable in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah yang bergerak balas dalam eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……..
[1 mark]
(b) Using data in Table 1, draw a graph of the volume of gas against time.
Dengan menggunakan data dalam Jadual 1, lukiskan graf isipadu gas melawan masa.
63
[2 marks]
(c) Based on the graph in 1 (b) ;

Berdasarkan graf dalam 1 (b) ;
(i) State the relationship between the volume of gas collected and the reaction time in
the first three minutes?
Nyatakan hubungan antara isipadu gas terkumpul dengan masa tindakbalas dalam tiga
minit pertama.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Predict the volume of gas collected at the seventh minute.

Ramalkan isipadu gas yang dikumpul pada minit ketujuh.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
45 Diagram 2 shows an experiment to study the formation of an image by a plane mirror.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pembentukan imej oleh cermin satah.
64
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
(a) Measure and write down the size of the image formed in Diagram 2.1.
Ukur dan tulis saiz imej yang terbentuk pada Rajah 2.1.
Size / Saiz : ……………………….…….. cm

[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2, write one observation about the size of the
images.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2, tuliskan satu pemerhatian tentang saiz imej.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(c) Write down one hypothesis for this experiment.

Tuliskan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(d) State one constant variable in this experiment.

Nyatakan satu pembolehubah dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.
65
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(e) Predict the characteristics of the image if a convex lens is placed in front of the pin hole.
Ramalkan sifat imej jika sebuah kanta cembung diletakkan di hadapan lubang jarum.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
46 A student carried out an experiment to study the effect of light intensity on bacterial growth.
After 3 days, the result of the experiment is as shown in Diagram 3.
66
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan keamatan cahaya terhadap
pertumbuhan bakteria.
Selepas 3 hari, keputusan eksperimen adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a) State one hypothesis in this experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]

67
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) Based on Diagram 3, what is the best condition for bacterial growth?
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, apakah keadaan yang terbaik bagi pertumbuhan bakteria?
……………………………………………………………………………………….……..
[1 mark]
(d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for bacterial growth.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pertumbuhan bakteria.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……..
[1 mark]
47 A student conducted an experiment to study the nutrient required for plant growth. The result
obtained is shown in Diagram 4.
Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji nutrien yang diperlukan bagi
tumbesaran tumbuhan. Keputusan yang diperolehi ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
(a) Based on Diagram 4, write down one observation for this experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4, tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.
68
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(b) State the inference that can be made based on the observation in 4 (a).
Nyatakan inferens yang dapat dibuat berdasarkan pemerhatian di 4 (a).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(i) Constant variable.

Pembolehubah dimalarkan.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) Predict what will happen if the test tubes are not covered with black paper.
Ramalkan apakah akan berlaku sekiranya tabung uji itu tidak ditutup dengan kertas hitam.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
48 Diagram 1 shows an experiment carried out to investigate the effect of the weight of the load
on the extension of a spring.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan eksperimen yang dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan berat beban terhadap
69
pemanjangan spring.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
The experiment is repeated by using different weight of loads. The extension of spring is
recorded in Table 1 below.
Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan berat beban yang berbeza. Pemanjangan spring
direkodkan di dalam Jadual 1 di bawah.
Weight of load (N) Extension of spring (cm)

Berat beban (N) Pemanjangan spring (cm)
1.0 3.0
1.5 5.0
2.0 7.0
2.5 9.0
3.0 11.0
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Name the constant variable in this experiment.

Namakan pembolehubah yang dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………….…
[1 mark]
(b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) Based on Table 1, plot a graph of extension of spring against weight of load.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, plotkan graf pemanjangan spring melawan berat beban.
70
[2 marks]
(d) From the graph, state the relationship between weight of load and extension of spring.
Daripada graf, nyatakan perhubungan antara berat beban dan pemanjangan spring.
……………………………………………………………………………………….…
[1 mark]
49 Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2 show an experiment to study an endothermic reaction.
Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen mengkaji satu tindakbalas
endotermik.
71
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
(a) Based on Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2 record the thermometer reading in Table 2.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2 catatkan bacaan thermometer dalam Jadual 2.
Solution Thermometer reading / ° C

Larutan Bacaan termometer / ° C
Distilled water
35
Air suling
Distilled water + Ammonium chloride crystals
Air suling + Hablur Ammonium klorida
Table 2
Jadual 2
[1 mark]
(b) Write one observation from the result of this experiment.

Tulis satu pemerhatian daripada keputusan eksperimen ini.
72
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(c) State one inference based on the observation in Diagram 2.2.

Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Rajah 2.2.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(d) State the responding variable in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah bergerak balas dalam eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(e) State the operational definition for endothermic reaction.

Nyatakan definasi secara operasi bagi tindakbalas endotermik.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
50 Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the formation of image in a pinhole camera. The
distance between the object and the pinhole camera is adjusted to produce different images.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pembentukan imej dalam kamera lubang
jarum. Jarak antara objek dan kamera lubang jarum diselaraskan untuk menghasilkan imej yang
berbeza.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image on the screen by the pinhole camera
on Diagram 3.
Lukiskan gambarajah sinar untuk menunjukkan pembentukan imej di atas skrin oleh kamera
lubang jarum pada Rajah 3.
[2 marks]
(b) State two characteristics of the image formed when the pinhole is enlarged.
Nyatakan dua ciri imej yang terbentuk apabila lubang jarum diperbesarkan.
73
……………………………………………………………………………………….…
[2 marks]
(c) Predict what happens when a convex lens is placed in front of the pinhole.
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku apabila satu kanta cembung diletakkan di hadapan lubang
jarum.
……………………………………………………………………………………….…
[1 mark]
51 The experiment in Diagram 4 below is to study the effects of nutrient deficiency on the
growth of seedling.
Eksperimen dalam Rajah 4 adalah untuk mengkaji kesan kekurangan nutrient ke atas pertumbuhan
anak pokok.
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
The result of the experiment is shown in the Table 3 below.

Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan di Jadual 3 di bawah.
Test tube Solution Condition of leaves

Tabung uji Larutan Keadaan daun
Knop’s solution Healthy, green and big leaves
A
Larutan Knop Daun hijau besar dan sihat
Solution without nutrient X Small and yellowish leaves
B
Larutan tanpa nutrient X Daun yang kecil dan kekuningan
Solution without nutrient Y Yellowish leaves with brown margins
C
Larutan tanpa nutrien Y Daun yang kekuningan serta bergaris perang
Solution without nutrient Z Small leaves with purple tips
D
Larutan tanpa nutrient Z Daun yang kecil dan hujung daun berwarna ungu
Table 3
Jadual 3
(a) State the hypothesis of this experiment.

74
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(b) Based on this experiment, state the responding variable.

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan pembolehubah bergerak balas.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(c) Based on the observation, state the nutrient which is deficient in the test tube B.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian, nyatakan nutrient yang kekurangan dalam tabung uji B.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(d) Explain why the test tubes are covered with the black paper and give your reason.
Terangkan mengapakah tabung uji ditutup dengan kertas hitam dan alasannya.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[2 marks]
52 Table 1 shows the result of an experiment conducted by a student to determine the freezing
point of Y solution. The temperature of the Y solution is recorded every 2 minutes until it
freezes.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen yang telah dijalankan oleh seorang murid untuk
menentukan takat beku larutan Y. Suhu larutan Y direkod setiap 2 minit sehingga ia membeku.
Time (minutes)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Masa (minit)
Temperature (° C)
90 80 70 70 70 50 30
Suhu (° C)
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Based on Table 1, draw a graph of temperature against time.

Berdasarkan Jadual 1, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa.
75
[2 marks]
(b) Based on the graph in 1(a), state the relationship between the solution temperature and
time in the first 4 minutes.
Berdasarkan graf di 1(a), nyatakan hubungan antara suhu larutan dengan masa dalam 4 minit
pertama.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(c) On graph 1 (a), mark with X the freezing point of solution Y.

Pada graf 1 (a), tandakan dengan X takat beku larutan Y.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(d) Predict the freezing point of the Y solution if salt is added.

Ramalkan takat beku larutan Y jika garam ditambah.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
76
53 Diagram 2 shows an experiment to study the formation of an image by a plane mirror.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pembentukan imej oleh cermin satah.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a) Complete Diagram 2 to show the formation of the image by the plane mirror.
Lengkapkan Rajah 2 untuk menunjukkan pembentukkan imej bagi cermin satah.
[2 marks]
(b) Measure and write down the distance of the image from the plane mirror.
Ukur dan tulis jarak imej dari cermin satah.
……………………….…….. cm
[1 mark]
(c) State one characteristic of the image formed in 2 (a).

Nyatakan satu sifat imej yang terbentuk dalam 2 (a).
……………………………………………………………………………………….…
[1 mark]
77
(d) Mark ( √ ) the object that uses plane mirror.
Tandakan ( √ ) objek yang menggunakan cermin satah.
[1 mark]
54 Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the effect of light on the growth of fungi.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan cahaya ke atas pertumbuhan kulat.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
After 3 days, the appearance of each bread is observed. Table 3 shows the result of the
experiment.
Selepas 3 hari, permukaan setiap roti diperhatikan. Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Bread Light intensity Number of black spot

Roti Keamatan cahaya Bilangan tompok hitam
Strong light
A 0
Cahaya terang
Dim light
B 3
Cahaya malap
Dark
C 10
Gelap
Table 3
Jadual 3
78
Nyatakan pembolehubah-pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi :
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Table 3, state one inference that you can make on bread A.
Berdasarkan Jadual 3, nyatakan satu inferens yang dapat anda buat untuk roti A.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]

Nyatakan hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for the growth of fungi.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pertumbuhan kulat.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
79
55 Diagram 4 shows an experiment to compare the rigidity characteristics of two different
plastics.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan ciri kekerasan dua plastik yang berbeza.
Diagram 4
Rajah 4


Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan :
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Responding variable :

Pembolehubah bergerak balas :
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Observe Diagram 4. What is the difference between plastic P and plastic Q?
Perhatikan Rajah 4. Apakah perbezaan di antara plastik P dan plastik Q?
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(c) State one inference for this experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(d) Based on Diagram 4, state the type of plastic Q.

Berdasarkan Rajah 4, nyatakan jenis plastic Q.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
80
56 Diagram 1 shows an experiment to study the effect of impurities on the freezing point of
distilled water.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan bendasing ke atas takat beku air suling.
Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1.2
(a) (i) What is the thermometer reading in Diagram 1.2?

Apakah bacaan thermometer pada Rajah 1.2?
……………………………………… ° C
[1 mark]
(ii) State one inference in this experiment.

Nyatakan satu inferens dalam eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen ini.

Pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

Pemboleh ubah yang bergerakbalas
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) State the operational definition for distilled water.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi air suling.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
81
57 Diagram 2(i) shows the formation of an image by a convex lens.
Rajah 2(i) menunjukkan pembentukan imej oleh kanta cembung.
Diagram 2(ii)
Rajah 2(ii)
(a) (i) Complete the ray diagram to show the formation of an image in Diagrm 2(ii).
Lengkapkan rajah sinar untuk menunjukkan pembentukan imej pada Rajah 2(ii).
[2 marks]
(ii) Measure and write the size of the image.

Ukur dan tulis saiz imej.
……………………………………… cm
[1 mark]
(b) State the hypothesis of this experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
82
(c) Draw the convex lens in the box at Diagrm 2(iv) based on Diagram 2(iii).
Lukiskan kanta cembung dalam kotak Rajah 2(iv) berdasarkan Rajah 2(iii).
Diagram 2(ii)
Rajah 2(ii)
Diagram 2(ii)
Rajah 2(ii)
[1 mark]
58 Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the effects of temperature on bacterial growth. The
number of bacterial colonies were observed after 24 hours.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria.
Bilangan koloni bakteria diperhatikan selepas 24 jam.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
83
Table 3 shows the result of an experiment.
Temperature (°C) Number of bacterial colonies after 24 hours

Suhu (°C) Bilangan coloni bacteria selepas 24 jam
0 2
16
26
36
60
Table 3
Jadual 3
(a) Complete Table 3 based on the observation in Diagram 3.

Lengkapkan Jadual 3 berdasarkan kepada pemerhatian dalam Rajah 3.
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Based on Table 3, draw a graph to show the relationship between the number of
bacterial colonies against temperature.
Berdasarkan kepada Jadual 3, lukiskan graf untuk menunjukkan perkaitan antara
bilangan koloni bakteria dengan suhu.
[2 marks]
84
(ii) Predict the number of bacterial colony at 80 °C.
Ramalkan bilangan koloni bakteria pada suhu 80 °C.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
59 Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show the experiment to study the collision between trolleys
with different velocity.
Rajah 4.1 dan 4.2 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji perlanggaran antara troli berlainan
halaju.
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2


Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan :
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
85
(b) State the observation based on the result of the experiment.
Nyatakan pemerhatian berdasarkan hasil eksperimen tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(c) State the operational definition of momentum.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi momentum.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
[1 mark]
(d) Mark ( √ ) the objects which apply the concept of momentum.

Tandakan ( √ ) objek yang mengaplikasi konsep momentum.
[1 mark]
60. Diagram 4 shows an experiment to study the effect of temperature on the growth of
bacteria.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas
pertumbuhan bakteria.
Nutrient agar + bacterial

culture
Agar-agar nutrien +
kultur bakteria
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
After two days, the number of bacterial colonies in each Petri dish is observed. Table 4
shows the result of this experiment.
Selepas dua hari, bilangan koloni bakteria dalam setiap piring Petri diperhatikan.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
Temperature Numbers of bacterial colonies

Suhu ( oC ) Bilangan koloni bakteria
86
0 0
10 3
20 10
30 20
40 25
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a) Using data in Table 4, draw a graph of the number of bacterial colonies against
temperature.
Dengan menggunakan data dalam Jadual 4, lukis graf bilangan koloni bakteria
melawan suhu.
Numbers of
Bilangan
bacterial
colonies
bakteria
koloni
25
20
15
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 Temperature
Suhu (oC)
[2 marks]
(b) Based on Table 4, what is the best temperature for the growth of bacteria?
Berdasarkan Jadual 4, apakah suhu paling sesuai untuk pertumbuhan bakteria?
87
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) What is the relationship between the number of bacterial colonies and temperature?
Apakah hubungan antara bilangan koloni bakteria dengan suhu?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
88

SPS MODULE Sains Kertas 2

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SPS MODULE Sains Kertas 2

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SECTION A

(a) Using the data in Table 1.1, complete Table 1.2.

Length of leaves (cm)

(a) Based on the result in Diagram 1.2, complete Table 1.

Substance Final Temperature  C Change in temperature

(b) State the variable in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable:

(ii) Constant variable:

(d) State the hypothesis based on this experiment.

(a) (i) State one observation from this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable:

(ii) Responding variable:

(c) State the operational definition of reactivity of metal.

(a) State one inference for this experiment.

(b) State one responding variables in this experiment.

Increase of metals reactivity

(a) Based on Table 1, draw a graph of temperature against time.

(b) Predict the state of matter of subatance X on the 5th minutes.

Substance Final Temperature  C

(a) Based on the above experiment, complete Table 1.

(b) State one inference this experiment.

(c) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable

(d) State one application of this principle in everyday life.

The result of the experiment is recorded in Table 2.

Time (min) Thermometer reading (°C)

(a) Based on the thermometer reading Diagram 2, complete Table 2.

(d) Predict the temperature at the 30th minute.

Pairs of metals Voltmeter reading/v

(i) Manipulated variable

(a) Measure the distance of X.

(b) Draw an image of the object E formed in Diagram 3.1.

State the time shown by the clock.

Result of the experiment is shown in Table 2.

(a) In diagram 2, draw the image formed by the plain mirror.

Upright Laterally inverted Real Virtual

(a) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Constant variables:

(ii) Manipulated variable:

(b) Measure and write down the height of the image.

The student wants to get a virtual,upright and magnified image.

(b) Based on the experiment above, classify the colours in Table 1.

Primary colours Secondary colours

Diagram 2.3 shows the addition of coloured lights.

(c) What is the colour that appears on X?

(a) Draw a ray diagram of the image formed by object P in Diagram 2.

(b) Measure and write down the size of the image.

(c) Predict the characteristics of the image if hole X is enlarged.

15 The diagram shows the formation of an image by a convex lens.

(ii) Measure and write the size of the image.

(b) What is the constant variable in the experiment?

(c) State the hypothesis of this experiment.

(i) Manipulasi variable

(b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

(b) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable:

(ii) Responding variable:

(iii) Controlled variable:

Time / minutes Height of the dough / cm

(a) Write one observation from the result of this experiment.

(c) State one fixed variable in this experiment.

(d) Mark ( √ ) the disease which can be treated by antibiotic.

(e) Penicillin is an antibiotic.State the operational definition for antibiotic.

(a) State the variables in this experiment.