Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fisika 1 - Kelas B - Grup 4
Fisika 1 - Kelas B - Grup 4
Flow Line
Group 4 :
1
Chapter 1
Hydronamics Concept
The scale are macroscopic in here because water was composed of particles and
the fluid, while as we know that the smallest of scales it's an atom is not a particle.
Example
The problem with the concept of hydrodynamics is actually not simple. but to
simplify the problem used the ideal fluid concept, here is the ideal fluid characteristics,
except
a. Fluid flows can be steady
b. Fluid flows incompressible
c. No friction
d. Fluid flows can be turbulent
e. Fluid flows can be streamlined
2
Debit flow (Q)
Where :
Where :
V = volume (m3)
Problems example
A pipe drains water with a discharge of 1m3 per second, and is used to fill a sized dam
(100 x 100 x 10) m. Calculate the time it takes to fill the dam to the brim!
Answer:
3
Equation of Continuity
The water flowing in the water pipe is considered to have the same discharge at any
point. Or if reviewed 2 places, then:
Example question
Water flows through a wide pipe cross section. At the first end of the pipe cross section
is 40 cm2 and the second cross-sectional area is 5 cm2. If the water velocity on a large
cross section is 4 m / s. (a) Determine the rate of water in a small tube. (b) determine the
water discharge / (c) the volume of water flowing for 2 minutes.
4
Discussion:
Here we suppose a large cross section as part 1 and a small cross section is part 2. So it
can be illustrated as follows.
a) We use the formula: A1.v1 = A1.v1. Please change the number with the known.
40 x 10-4m-2 x 4 m / s = 5 x 10-4m-2 x v 2
v 2 = 32 m / s
Law of Bernoulli
Bernoulli's Law is a law based on energy conservation laws experienced by fluid flow.
This law states that the amount of pressure (p), kinetic energy per unit volume, and
potential energy per unit volume have the same value at each point along a current line.
If expressed in the equation becomes:
Where :
v = water velocity (m / s)
g = acceleration of gravity
h = water level
Problems example
The position of the big pipe is 5 m above the ground and the small pipe 1 m above the
ground. The velocity of water flow in the large pipe is 36 km / h with a pressure of 9.1
x 105 Pa. Specify:
Data:
h1 = 5 m
5
h2 = 1 m
v1 = 36 km / h = 10 m / s
P1 = 9.1 x 105 Pa
A1: A2 = 4: 1
Continuity Equation:
A1v1 = A2v2
v2 = 40 m / s
P1 - P2 = 7.1 x 105
P2 = 2.0 x 105 Pa
6
Chapter 2
Reynolds number
Re = ρ VD ρ = density
µ V = velocity
D = length
µ = viscosity
7
Types of flow
reynolds number is used to characterize different flow regimes. Including laminar and
turbulent flow. Both types of flow are significant in fluid mechanics. To know which
one are luminar or turbulent , it needs to calculate reynolds number where there is
density variable, velocity, length and viscosity. So the smaller number of viscosity the
bigger Reynolds Number is and vice versa.
Laminar Flow
is a fluid flow that does not occur spikes and is close to linear and usually due to no
sudden changes in the cross-section. Fluid travels smoothy and in regular paths where
the horizontal surface remaind stationary and all other layers slide over each other.
Laminar flow occurs at a lower reynolds number (Re<2100) where viscous forces are
dominant.
8
Turbulent Flow
is a fluid flow that occurs spikes or clumps or waves as it flows. The causes of
turbulence are numerous. However, when the fluid flows from a cross-section to a
smaller cross section, there is a high probability of turbulence. Turbulent Flow travels
in random, chaotic paths and characterized by irregular fluctuations and heavy mixing.
Turbulent Flow occurs at a higher Reynolds number (Re>4000) where inertial forces
are dominant.
APPLICATIONS
9
Examples Laminar question
A fluid with density ρ = 1000 kg/m3 and viscosity µ = 0,30 N.s/m2 flows steady
down a pipe vertically with d = 0,10 m and out as a free jet from lower of the pipe.
Determine the max pressure on pipe in 10 m above the end point of pipe, if the flow is
laminer?
10
Examples Turbulent question
- μ = 1.3 x 10-3
- diameter 0.75 m
- Re = 105
Answer
xVxD
Re =
µ
780 x V x 0.75
5
10 = 3
1.3 x 10
V = 0.22 m/s
11
REFERENSI
http://turmudikemiri.blogspot.co.id/2016/01/bilangan-reynolds-reynolds-numb
er-dan.html
https://fisikamarsud.wordpress.com/2012/08/15/fluida-dinamis/
https://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/convergence/mathematical-treasure-da
niel-bernoulli-s-hydrodynamica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics
https://www.google.co.id/imghp?hl=id&tab=wi
12