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Tube Well Drilling Specifications PDF
Tube Well Drilling Specifications PDF
Notes:-
1. General: - (a) The rates are based on the working rates of the
departmental rig including the labour charges and market rates for the
miscellaneous Items required for the drilling of the tube wells.
(b) The contractor shall make or repair the approach roads at his own cost,
for which no extra amount will be payable to him.
(c) All stores supplied to the contractor by the department will be lifted by him
from the sub-divisional stores at his own cost.
(d) Precautions should be taken to prevent damage to the tube-well during
the drilling. Precautions should also be taken to avoid any accident during
drilling.
(e) The drilling shall be done in accordance with the specification.
(f) Fixing of tube-well sites, marking their numbers, fixing water level
gauges/records collection of well data etc. will be done by the department.
(g) The rates provided in this schedule include the cost of all materials and
labour required for performance of all workmanship including other
necessary items etc. required for the proper execution of tube-well
construction. The rates of all Items include transport of machinery from the
contractors place or office to the site of work and from one tube-well site to
another.
(h) The rates also include water charges required for drilling work. No extra
payment for water and its lead will be paid. However the contractors will
be allowed to take water from Government owned tube- well if available
close to drilling sites. The rates for water used by contractor from
Government tube- wells would be according to the volumetric rates fixed
by Water Resources Department from time to time. The use of such water
can be allowed only when it can be done without detriment to the primary
purpose for which the source is meant.
(i) No claim for compensation for amount paid by drilling contractors in
respect of any passage rights through the private properties or field will be
entertained. The officer in-charge of the construction shall however assist
the contractor using his good offices for having such facilities either at no
charge or minimum reasonable charges. In case of any dispute between
the contractor and the cultivator the charges fixed by Agriculture or
Revenue authorities shall be payable by the contractor without any claim
for reimbursement by the department.
2. Well assembly and supply of pipes: - (a) The rates of blind and slotted
pipes include the cost of transportation, storage and supervision charges.
The pipes shall be supplied departmentally at Sub-Divisional stores. Extra
lead for carting will only be permissible for the materials supplied
departmentally from the place other than sub -divisional store.
(b) In the case of well assembly, supplied by the Department only labour
charges for lowering will be payable to the contractor. If the contractor
wants to use his own pipes, then he shall obtain written permission from
the competent authority, and before lowering well assembly, he shall get it
checked and measurements recorded by the Engineer-in-Charge.
(c) Contractor shall submit monthly statement of stock to Engineer-in-Charge
of work in case of pipes etc. supplied departmentally.
(d) Precautions should be taken to prevent damage to the pipes and other
assembly during lowering in to the well.
(e) The lowering of well assembly shall be done as per specifications.
3. Development (a) The rates include the average rates of 7.9 cum/ M (cubic
metre per\minute) or more than 9 cum/M. compressors, the rates of
consumable and the labour charges.
(b) The development by compressor shall be done by 7.9 and above 9 cum/M
compressors depending upon the type of Tube-well i.e. shallow or Deep.
Work by compressors with less than 7 cum/M capacity or with more than
9-cum/M capacity will be done after the permission of Engineer-in-Charge
is obtained. Development can also be done by over pumping methods.
4. Yield Test.-(a) The rates include the working cost of submersible pump of
0.03, 0.06, 0.09 cumec or more capacity at 30 m head keeping in view the
designed discharge, including labour charges and cost of consumable.
(b) The yield test shall be done as per para 5.3 of IS: -2800 (Pt- II) 1979.
5. Labour charges for installation of pumps: - (a) Rates cover all labour
charges, transportation of pipes and accessories, fixing clamps, trial test,
fixing Irrigation panel etc.
(b) The suitable pump motor unit and its accessories shall be supplied by the
Department at Sub-Divisional stores. The contractor shall be paid labour
charges only.
6. Specifications for the construction of tubewells:-
A. General: -A complete tube-well shall mean: -
(a) A borehole vertical within the prescribed non-vertical limits drilled up to
designed depth in alluviums or rocky areas.
(b) Installation of requisite well assembly i.e., housing pipe, blind pipe,
slotted pipe or strainers, bail plug and other accessories.
(c) Placing of suitable gravel pack (in case of gravel, packed tube-wells).
Placing of suitable sand pack (in case of sand packed tube-wells).
(d) Development of tube-well with object of: -
(i) Producing effect of natural gravel pack (in case of naturally packed
design).
(ii) Producing maximum sand free yield of water for the specified standard
draw down in alluvium and rocky areas.
(e) Conducting yield test by over pumping of the tube-well.
(f) Installation of suitable turbine, or submersible pump assembly as
specified and comprising of: -
(i)Pump, (ii) Motor, (iii) column pipe, (iv) Airline (v) sluice and Reflux
valve (vi) water level guard with signal cable and electrode, (vii)
Pressure gauge, (viii) water level indicator, (ix) Irrigation panel
containing starter, no load and over current relays with metal parts duly
earthed as per India Electricity Rules, 1936.
(g) Making provision of pump house as per specified design.
(h) Energisation of tube-well and handing over to the cultivator, with
specified completion certificate and manual of preventive instructions
as per booklet "Aapka Apna Nalkoop"
B. Strata: - (a) Rocky area shall mean area where the strata essentially
comprises of the rock formation. Rocks may be with or without fissures
and faults, joints and bedding planes, may have fractured and weathered
zones. Rocks may be soft, medium or hard, and comprise of shales, sand
stones, lime stones, dolomites, quartzites, basalts, granites, schists,
fillites, slates, gneisses and their intercalation, instrusives and
conglomerates of these, but shall exclude clays, sands, pebbles, cobbles
and boulders moorum and silt stones.
(b) All alluvium areas shall mean areas where the strata comprises of
loose, unconsolidated materials like clays, silts, sands gravels,
pebbles, cobbles and boulders.
C. Verticality and alignment: -(a) Verticality of a tube-well means verticality of
casing pipe or housing pipe up to 200 mm dia and up to 30 m depth in one
direction and in one plane and up to 50 m depth for casing pipes of more
than 200 mm dia.
(b) The borehole should be in a vertical alignment so that installation of
vertical turbine pump or submersible pump can be done in the tube-
well without any difficulty. Alignment means plumbness and
straightness of the tubewell. Plumbness refers to the variation with the
depth of the actual centre line of the tubewell from the true vertical line
drawn through the centre of the tubeweil from top, down to its depth.
Straightness merely considers whether actual centre line of the
tubewell is straight or otherwise. Thus a tubewell may be straight but
not in plumb, since its alignment may be displaced in one direction or
other from the vertical.
A drilled hole may not be in a perfect vertical alignment because of
various reasons; hence a tolerance limit of verticality has been fixed
while drilling, such that within this limit also the installation of vertical
turbine pump or submersible pump is possible in the tubewell.
(c) The limits of verticality of shallow and deep tubewells are specified in
the table given below and will be applicable to all contracts.
Limits of Verticality: -
Serial Type Dia. of Dia. of Permissible Penalty for non-
No. of tube bore casing limit of verticality beyond
well vertically in permissible limits
30 m depth
(all in one
direction)
1 Shallow up to 15 cm 15mm (a) Rs. 200 per tube
30 cm well when pump can be
installed
2 Shallow 37.2 20 cm 30 mm 10% deduction in the
& deep cm or cost of drilling of tube
40 cm well, provided pump
can also be installed
3 Deep 45 cm 25 cm 50 mm do
or or more
more
(d) Method of testing verticality-Refer figure on page no. 399. The plumb is a
short cylinder with outside dia. about 6 mm smaller than the casing pipe of
the tube well. It is provided with a hook by which it can be suspended on a
wire line. The point of suspension must be in the exact centre of the
device, which can be achieved by means of adjustable guide pulley. The
plumb bob should be heavy enough to stretch the line taut. A 3-mm wire
cable makes a good line that does not kink easily.
A transparent plastic sheet on which a number of concentric circles are
marked and a slot is cut, extending from the centre out to the edge of the
sheet, is placed on housing pipe. The concentric circles permit centring
the plastic sheet accurately on top of the well casing.
The sheet is used first to determine, whether the wire line is in the centre
of the casing with the plumb bob hanging just below the top of the pipe.
As the plumb- bob is lowered below the top of the pipe, the plastic sheet
can be rotated on the top of casing pipe until the slot is oriented in the
direction that the wire line tends to drift away from the centre.
Measurements along the edge of the slot can be then made to determine
the amount of drift as the test proceeds drift from the perpendicular
H D-d
V= +
hxe 2
at any depth can be calculated from the formula: -
here V = Drift in cm at depth H
H = Total depth from point of suspension in m.
h = Height of point of suspension of gauge disc above top of
lining tube in m.
e = Eccentricity of suspending wire from central axis measured in
cm at top of lining tube.
D = Dia. of bore hole in cm.
d = Dia. of gauge plate in cm.
D. Materials: -(a) Housing pipe- It is the pipe provided in upper portion of the
tube-well in which pump and motor assembly is accommodated. The dia.
of the housing pipe should be 25mm more than the bowl dia. of the pump
with capacity up to 750 litres minute. In case of pump having capacity
more than 750 litre minute and up to 1815 litre minute, the dia of housing
pipe should be kept as 50 mm more than the bowl dia of pump. The
clearance is allowed so that the pump may be lowered without any -
damage to the cable etc. The pipe should be of heavy duty and provided
at least 0.6 m above the ground level to have good and strong foundation.
Further length of the pipe should be decided as given below: -
Length of housing pipe = (0.6 m above ground + Depth of SWL)
= (Fluctuation + drawdown + length of pump motor assembly + 0.9 m
extra).
(b) Blind pipe or casing pipe-Blind pipe or casing pipe is provided in non-
aquifer portion and below housing pipe and up to slotted pipe. The dia of
the blind pipe can be less than the housing pipe in order to have economy
in construction cost. The length of the blind pipe should be decided on the
basis of non- aquifer portion or unwanted aquifer portions, which are to be
cased.
(c) Slotted pipe or screen- The screen or slotted pipe should be provided
against the required thickness of aquifer in order to allow ground water to
be pumped into the tube-well. The length of the slotted pipe should be
decided by the thickness of the aquifer portion needed to be tapped and
normally the screen should be provided against coarsest and bottom most
aquifer layer. The upper one and unwanted aquifer layers should be made
up by smallest feasible dia blind pipe.
(d) The housing pipe, blind pipe and slotted pipe (as mentioned above in a, b,
and c) to be used in the tube-well, shall be of mild steel conforming to IS:
1239 (Pt- 1) - 2004 for dia. up to 150 mm and IS: 4270 -2001 for dia.
above 150 mm. The pipes may be seamless of Electric Resistance welded
as may be contracted for and approved by the Engineer-in-Charge with
specified threads. Plain ended pipes, duly welded on work-spot or pipes
with threaded ends with sockets can also be used. In order that the well
assembly be centrally lowered in the bore, the housing and casing pipe to
be fitted in alluvium or overburden portion of the tube-well shall be fitted
with centralising guides of the design specified by the deptt. or specially
approved by the Engineer- in-Charge. These guides should be fitted at
every 10-m subject to minimum of 3 guides per tube-well.
TABLE
Pumping Rate Size of well Size of pumping Size of air line
in LPM casing in Cm pipe in Cm in Cm
113-226 10 5 1.25
226-302 12.5 7.5 2.50
302-378 15 8.25 to 1 0 2.50
378-567 15 10 3.75
567 -945 20 12.5 3.75
945-1512 20 15 5.00
Air development produces best results, when the submergence ratio of the
air line is about 60% submergence ratio is the ratio of the total length of air
line to the air pipe below the water while pumping, that is pumping level. If
for example, the air line is 55 m long and the static water level is 19 m
below ground, the submerged length Is 36 m. Therefore non-pumping
submergence ratio is 19/55 = 0.65 or 65% If the air lift is started and water
level drops to 23 m below ground the submerged length becomes 32 m
and the submergence ratio while pumping will be 23/55 = 0.42 or 42%.
Reasonably good results can be obtained by a skilful operator with
submergence as low as 30% while pumping.
Figure for note 6C(d)
In using air for development the drop pipe is lowered about 0.6 m below
the bottom of the well. The airline is placed such that it is 0.3 m or 0.6 m
up in the drop pipe. The compressed air is turned into the airline and the
well is pumped in a regular manner of an airlift until water appears to be
free of sand. The valve on the airline is then closed, allowing the pressure
in the tank to build up to 7 or 10.5 kg/sq. cm. In the meantime the airline is
lowered so that it is 30 cm or so below the drop pipe. The valve is then
opened quickly allowing the air to rush into the well under full pressure.
There will be a forceful surge of water though brief and if the air line is
then pulled back into the drop pipe the strong reverse flow will be
produced, up the drop pipe thereby effectively agitating the water bearing
formation.
The well is then pumped as an airlift for a short time, and another head of
air is released with the air line below the drop pipe and the air line is again
lifted to resume pumping. The cycle of surging and pumping is continued,
until the water is free from sand indicating that development is completed
in the region near the bottom of the airlift.
The airlift assembly is then raised to a position about 30 cm higher and the
same surging operations are repeated. In this way the entire length of the
screen is developed. At the end the assembly should finally be lowered to
its original position near the bottom of the well and operated in order to
clean out any sand that has accumulated at the bottom levels.
Limitation of method:
When used correctly under proper conditions and with adequate
equipment, this method of development is very effective and rapid. There
is a little chance of development being over done but where the yield is
very low and draw down is rapid, or where submergence is low, the
compressor method is of no use and should resort to over pumping
method.
11. Yield Tests. (a) The yield test of the tube well shall be carried out by
pumping out well water, after the well is satisfactorily developed. Pumping
rate shall be increased gradually until the desired draw down is attained.
After this the test shall be continued at the same draw down for 10 hours.
The duration shall be increased suitably and up to 12 hours at the specific
direction of the Engineer-in Charge. During this period the contractor will
be required to collect, at his own cost, the sample of water coming out of
the well in 2 litre capacity polyethylene bottles, for chemical and other
analysis. The contractor will be required to handover to the Engineer-in-
Charge one such sample for every well drilled. After the test, a certificate
will have to be signed by both the contractor and the authorised
representatives of the Engineer-in Charge about the yield of the well at the
specified draw down.
(b) Designed discharge will be anticipated yield indicated in the design of the
well. Minimum yield of 378 LPM and 189 LPM have been specified at 6 m
and 12 m specified standard draw down respectively for the alluvial and
rock areas.
12. Unsuccessful wells. -The tube wells which do not give the minimum yield
at the specified standard draw down will be declared by the Engineer- in
Charge as unsuccessful wells and a certificate to this effect will be
obtained by the contractor from the Engineer-in Charge. In such cases the
contractor will be required to pull out the well assembly by jacking or by
any other method that will be approved by the Engineer-in-Charge. In this
process, care should be taken by the contractor to see that no part of the
well assembly becomes irretrievable or becomes unfit for further use, All
assembly. pulled out shall be immediately measured both by the
contractor and the authorised representative of the Engineer-in-Charge.
This assembly after the approval of Engineer-in Charge may be used on
other successful wells, of the contractor.
13. Abandoned wells: - A well declared as abandoned by the Engineer-in-
Chief due to non-vertically, caving in or any other defects attributable to
the poor workmanship of the contractor, unsuitability of his equipment
shall be termed abandoned well. No payment for this shall be due to the
contractor. In such case, the well assembly if lowered (complete or
incomplete) will have to be pulled out and retrieved by the contractor at his
own cost.
14. Erection of Pump and Accessories. -The contractor shall install in the tube
well suitable pump and motor and their accessories as may be supplied
from sub-divisional stores by the Engineer-in-Charge. The store will have
to be lifted from sub- divisional stores by the contractor, labour charges
only will be paid for erection work. Contractor shall very carefully and
diligently do the work of erecting all the components in the pump assembly
such as: -
(1) Pump.
(2) Motor.
(3) Column pipe, delivery pipes, bends, valves etc.
(4) Electric water level guard with signal cable and electrode.
(5) Air line.
(6) Water level gauge.
(7) Pressure gauge.
(8) Irrigation panel.
The column pipes should be truly vertical without any kinks and securely
jointed so as to preclude any chances of pump failing and resulting in the
well being declared as abandoned in case the pump cannot be retrieved.
15. Fishing operation: - If during any of the operations carried out for
completing the tube wells, any tools, pipes, accessories etc. fall down in
the well, the contractor shall carry out the necessary fishing operations at
his own cost in such a way as not to damage the fallen part in any
manner. He shall use his own equipment for such operations.
15. Back filling of Abandoned or Unsuccessful wells: -All abandoned or
unsuccessful wells, from which well assembly has been extracted shall be
suitably back filled with the natural material of the formations encountered,
and duly rammed at ground level with allowances for settlement so as not
to cause injury or accidents to people or cattle. The back filling for the
abandoned well will be at the contractor's cost.