WORRY IS A MISUSE OF IMAGINATION.
Volume - 7 Issue - 6
December, 2011 (Monthly Magazine)
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Editor : Pramod Maheshwari
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
Editorial
Dear Students,
• It’s the question you dreamed about when you were ten years old.
• It’s the question your parents nagged you about during high school.
• It’s the question that stresses most of us out more and more the older we
get. “What do you want to be when you grow up?”
There are people who are studying political science but hate politics,
nursing majors who hate biology, and accounting majors who hate math.
Obviously, a lot of people are confused about what exactly it is that they
want to spend their life doing. Think about it. If you work for 10 hours each
day, you’re going to end up spending over 50% of your awake life at work.
Personally, I think it’s important that we spend that 50% wisely. But how
can you make sure that you do? Here are some cool tips for how to decide
what you really want to be when you grow up.
Relax and Keep an Open Mind: Contrary to popular belief, you don’t
have to “choose a career” and stick with it for the rest of your life. You
never have to sign a contract that says, “I agree to force myself to do this
for the rest of my life”. It’s your life. You’re free to do whatever you
want and the possibilities are endless. So relax, dream big, and keep an
open mind.
Notice Your Passions: Every one of us is born with an innate desire to do
something purposeful with our lives. We long to do something that we’re
passionate about; something that will make a meaningful impact on the
world.
Figure Out How to Use Your Passions for a Larger Purpose: You notice
that this is one of your passions, so you decide to become a personal
trainer. Making a positive impact on the world will not only ensure that
you are successful financially, it will also make you feel wonderful. It’s a
proven principle: The more you give to the world, the more the world
will give you in return.
Figure Out How You Can Benefit Once you’ve figured out what your
passions are and how you can use those passions to add value to the
world &to yourself ,
It’s time to take the last step: figure out how you can make great success
doing it. My most important piece of advice about this last step is to
remember just that: it’s the last part of the decision process. I feel sorry
for people who choose an occupation based on the average income for
that field. No amount of money can compensate for a life wasted at a job
that makes you miserable. However, that’s not to say that the money isn’t
important. Money is important, and I’m a firm believer in the concept
that no matter what it is that you love doing, there’s at least one way to
make extraordinary money doing it. So be creative!
Simply discover your passions, figure out how to use your passions to make
an impact on the world & to yourself.
Yours truly
Pramod Maheshwari,
B.Tech., IIT Delhi
1 DECEMBER 2011
 Volume-7 Issue-6
December, 2011 (Monthly Magazine) CONTENTS
INDEX PAGE
NEXT MONTHS ATTRACTIONS

Much more IIT-JEE News.

Regulars ..........
Know IIT-JEE With 15 Best Questions of IIT-JEE
NEWS ARTICLE 3
Challenging Problems in Physics,, Chemistry & Maths IIT-B'S Plan : Job support to Entrepreneurial Spirit
IIT Students' Research Work to Be Available Online
Key Concepts & Problem Solving strategy for IIT-JEE.

Xtra Edge Test Series for JEE- 2011 & 2012 IITian ON THE PATH OF SUCCESS 6
Mr. Amitabha Ghosh
CBSE Mock Test Paper
KNOW IIT-JEE 7
Previous IIT-JEE Question

Study Time........
DYNAMIC PHYSICS 15
8-Challenging Problems [Set# 8]
S
Students’ Forum
Success Tips for the Months Physics Fundamentals
Ray Optics
Fluid Mechanics & Properties of Matter
• "The way to succeed is to double your error
rate."
CATALYSE CHEMISTRY 34
• "Success is the ability to go from failure to
failure without losing your enthusiasm." Key Concept
Carboxylic Acid
• "Success is the maximum utilization of the Chemical Kinetics
ability that you have." Understanding : Inorganic Chemistry

• We are all motivated by a keen desire for

praise, and the better a man is, the more he DICEY MATHS 45
is inspired to glory.
Mathematical Challenges
• Along with success comes a reputation for Students’ Forum
wisdom. Key Concept
Monotonicity,
• They can, because they think they can. Maxima & Minima
Function
• Nothing can stop the man with the right
mental attitude from achieving his goal; Test Time ..........
nothing on earth can help the man with the
wrong mental attitude. XTRAEDGE TEST SERIES 58
• Keep steadily before you the fact that all Class XII – IIT-JEE 2012 Paper
true success depends at last upon yourself. Class XI – IIT-JEE 2013 Paper
Mock Test CBSE Pattern Paper -1 [Class # XII]

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 2 DECEMBER 2011

IIT-B'S Plan : Job support to
Entrepreneurial Spirit
IIT-Bombay has hit upon an idea
that could boost the spirit of
entrepreneurship among its students.
Its placement cell is weighing the
option of helping students whose
start-ups have not fired to be placed
in jobs after two years of
experimenting with their ideas.
As part of the scheme, students keen
on their own start-ups will be assigned
mentors after graduating. These
experts-either people who have
successfully floated their own
companies or those with enough
exposure to new businesses-will
evaluate their ideas to see if there's
any potential. Once the ideas are
approved, students can float their own
companies. After two years, if a start-up
fails to take off, the student-entrepreneur
can participate in the regular placement
process and get a job.
Ravi Sinha, professor in charge of
placements, said the idea, which is at a
nascent stage, can give students the
assurance to float their ideas without
hesitation. "Very few start-up ideas on
the campus turn out to be successful
ventures. Often, many good ideas are
not commercially-viable. So, students
are apprehensive about floating their
ideas," added Sinha.
The office of Society for Innovation
and Entrepreneurship ( SINE), which
promotes entrepreneurship on the
campus by promoting business
incubation, and the Entrepreneurship
cell (E-cell) is working with the
placement cell to check the feasibility
of the project. "We have been working
on the initiative for a couple of
months. If it works out, student-
entrepreneurs will be reasonably
assured of getting a job through the
institute's placement office," said
Sinha.
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
IIT Students' Research Work to
Be Available Online
Students of Indian Institutes of
Technology (IITs) will soon share
their research details for all institutes
via a common website to be launched
in November.
The two day long 'Inter-IIT Gymkhana
Summit 2011' being held at IIT-
Gandhinagar saw students of various
consortium discuss issues common to
all. The students included
representatives from 10 IITs including
Madras, Mandi, Rajasthan, Mandi,
Hyderabad, with IIT Kanpur and IIT
Bombay participating in online
sessions.
Among the things discussed, students
particularly discussed methods to share
research works of B.Tech, M.Tech and
Phd students. Students are seen to
repeat researches, being unaware of
past researchers. Sharing of past
researches will help avoid such
repetitions.
Sport's Alumni Student Meet
The 2nd official annual Alumni
Sports Day was full of tremendous
competition between the energy of
the present generation and that of the
alumni. The event was full of
activities comprising of talks, alumni
-students matches and Inter-Sports
Arm Wrestling and Tug of war
competition which was followed by
dinner and group discussions in SAC
Lawns.
“Good, better, best. Never let it rest.
Until your good is better and your
better is best. ” this quote perfectly fit
the enthralling display of experience,
wit and never say die attitude of the
alumni at this year’s Alumni Sports
Day.
Brainchild of the basketball fraternity of
IIT Bombay, this was the 2nd official
annual Alumni Sports Day which
3 DECEMBER 2011
witnessed tremendous competition
between the energy of the present
generation and that of the alumni. The
event was full of activities comprising
of talks, alumni -students matches and
Inter-Sports Arm Wrestling and Tug of
war competition which was followed
by dinner and group discussions in
SAC Lawns.
The post match fundae sessions (be it
related to the life post IITs or the
prospects and benefits of sports in
everyday life) were undoubtedly the
highlight of the complete event. The
commitment and dedication shown
by the Old Machine Guns from IITB
left the students sports fraternity
speechless.
Alumni showed the perfect blend of
attitude, experience and sporting
spirit with some exceptional
performances in all the sports.
Results of this year’s meet like last
year were pretty much dominated by
the alumni, winning in almost all the
sports.
IITians' Nano Satellite Launched
IIT-Kanpur has made the 3kg
satellite 'Jugnu'. It will generate
real time data on droughts, floods,
vegetation and forestation.
Jugnu, the Nano satellite designed by
IIT Kanpur students has been
launched via PSLV C-18 rocket from
Shrihari Kota, Andhra Pradesh 11:00
hrs today, reports TNN. This is the
country's first Nano satellite and
weighs just 3 Kgs incorporated with
PSLV C-18.
The mission of developing Jugnu
was done under the guidance of Prof.
N.S vyas. this is extremely a
complex process and this was a hard
exercise. The Nano satellite has been
designed ethnically.
"We have done our best. Jugnu has
undergone laborious tests like thermo
vacuum tests, vibration tests and
electronic magnetic interference test.
Students have worked very hard in
developing Jugnu. They have worked
round-the-clock. We are hopeful of its
successful launch," said Vyas.
The payload of the satellite has
uniquely designed camera for infra red
remote sensing, a GPS receiver and an
inertial measurement unit.
Shatanu Agarwal, the team head of
Jugnu said "About 25 minutes after
the launch, Jugnu would will click the
first image of its launch vehicle and its
antennas would be deployed. It will
then stabilize and start transmitting
images to the ground station."
After 115 minutes of the take off
Jugnu was visible at the ground
station.
"Jugnu's beacon (blinking signal at all
times all over the earth) will get
switched on after 30 minutes of
separation from the launch vehicle.
Five seconds after its separation,
Jugnu will click its image," said
Shantanu.
It took two years to develop this Nano
satellite and as people working on it
used non space grade, commercial off
the shelf (COTS) to make the research
on Jugnu affordable. Jugnu has
minimum number of redundant
systems when compared to other
conventional satellites.
SC refuses to adjudicate on IIT-
JEE selections
NEW DELHI: The Supreme Court has
refused to interfere with the ranking
and selection procedure adopted for
the IIT-JEE saying there was no
arbitrariness or ulterior motives in
fixing the methodology, says a PTI
report.
A bench of Justices R.V. Raveendran
and A.K. Patnaik said courts would
interfere with the procedure only if
there was proven malafide, caprice or
arbitrariness, which it said was
lacking in the present system adopted
by the Joint Admission Board, which
conducts the exams.
“The fact that the procedure was
complicated would not make it
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
arbitrary or unreasonable or
discriminatory,” Justice Raveendran
said.
The apex court passed the judgment
while dismissing an appeal filed by
aspirant Sanchit Bansal, son of an IIT
Kharagpur professor, who appeared in
IIT-JEE 2006 as a general category
candidate.
Sanchit had secured 75 marks in
mathematics, 104 in physics and 52 in
chemistry, aggregating to 231.
The board had fixed the cut-off marks
for admission at 37 for math, 48 for
physics and 55 for chemistry and the
aggregate cut-off at 154.
As Sanchit did not secure the minimum
cut-off in chemistry, he failed to qualify
even though his aggregate was higher
than required.
He then challenged the procedure on
the ground that candidates with
aggregates lower than his were
selected.
Rejecting his plea, the court said: “For
a layman, the above procedure may
appear to be highly cumbersome and
complicated.
But the object of the aforesaid
procedure for arriving at the cut-off
marks is to select candidates well
equipped in all the three subjects, with
reference to their merit, weighed
against the average merit of all the
candidates who appeared in the
examination.”
IIT Council free from HRD
ministry clutches
NEW DELH: The apex decision
making body of the Indian Institutes of
Technology (IITs) has broken free of
the Human Resource Development
(HRD) Ministry in a move that could
be the first step towards allowing the
IITs to govern themselves.
Empowered by independent staff and
with a identity of its own, the IIT
Council will now no longer need the
HRD ministry to take its administrative
decisions under the move, government
sources told HT.
The final decision on the plan -- aimed
at creating an IIT Council Secretariat --
4 DECEMBER 2011
may be made at a meeting between
senior HRD ministry officials and
the IIT directors on May 5, the
sources said.
The Council alone is empowered to
appoint IIT directors and take any
policy decisions binding across the
top engineering schools -- including
their fees, reforms, administrative
structure and any amendments to the
aw governing the Institutes.
“The IIT Council -the highest
decision making body of the IITs -at
present depends on the HRD
ministry to even invite members for
meetings or to prepare the Council's
agenda. All this will change,“ a
source said.
The IITs have decided to approach D
Udaya Kumar, assistant professor at
IIT Guwahati and the designer of the
new rupee symbol, to design a logo
for the IIT Council.
The move is a component of HRD
minister Kapil Sibal's larger plan to
increase the functional autonomy of
the IITs. The IIT Council --
consisting of all IIT directors and
chairman of boards, other eminent
academic administrators and
scientists -- at present does not even
have an office of its own. It will now
have an office - a location has been
identified in South Delhi's
Chittaranjan Park.
But this may only be the first step
towards greater autonomy for the
IITs, sources indicated. “Once the
independent IIT Council is capable
of handling matters, there is a
possibility that we will empower it
with far greater powers and withdraw
from many administrative aspects of
the IIT governance system,“ a source
said.
(Courtesy : Hindustan Times)
No permanent foreign faculty
for IITs
NEW DELHI: In a major setback to
the Indian Institutes of Technology
(IITs) plan, the Ministry for External
Affairs (MEA) has rejected a
proposal to liberalise visa norms to
allow foreign teachers to take up
permanent posts at the IITs.
The MEA has refused to change the
rules under which each foreign faculty
member at the IITs needs to re-obtain
a work visa every five years, top
government and IIT sources have
confirmed to HT.
Human resource development minister
Kapil Sibal had on September 11,
2010 announced the plan to allow the
IITs to fill up to 10% of their
permanent teaching posts with foreign
faculty.
The proposal -first reported by HT on
September 2, 2010 -was approved by
the IIT Council -the highest decision
making body of the IITs -and is aimed
at reducing a massive faculty crunch
plaguing the IITs.
But the MEA's refusal to allow
foreign faculty to join with visas of
longer duration than five years means
that the IITs will not be able to offer
permanent posts to foreign faculty.
“We will need to continue to offer
contractual appointments something
we wanted to, and quite frankly, need
to change,“ an IIT Director said.
Each IIT is facing a faculty crunch
between 15 and 40% with a total of
over 1,000 faculty posts vacant across
the premier engineering schools. The
Institutes have over the past year
however received a number of
applications from foreign faculty,
including Persons of Indian Origin
(PIOs) keen to teach at the IITs. The
IITs are arguing that permanent posts
would help them lure the best of
foreign teachers.
All foreign teachers are at present
required to teach as visiting or ad-hoc
faculty.
(Courtesy : Hindustan Times)
Sibal rejects steep fee hike for
IIT students
NEW DELHI: There will be no steep
fee hike for the students of the Indian
Institutes of Technology, according to
a decision taken by the IIT Council on
January 21.
Chairing the IIT Council meet here,
Human Resource Development
Minister Kapil Sibal rejected the Anil
Kakodkar committee proposal for five-
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
fold increase in fee for undergraduate
programme of the IITs.
The Kakodkar committee, set up by the
government in October 2009 to study
the roadmap for the autonomy and
future of the IITs, had recommended
that the fee be raised from Rs 50,000 to
Rs 2 to Rs 2.5 lakh per annum.
As the committee report came for
discussion at the 42nd meeting of the
IIT Council Sibal rejected the fee hike
proposal saying “such a hike would
prove a deterrent to a large number of
IIT aspirants,” a ministry official
said. The Council asked the committee
to rework the fee structure taking into
account the aspirations of all sections.
During the meeting, Sibal announced
setting up 50 research parks at a cost of
Rs 200 crore during the 12th Five Year
Plan period.
Under the programme, industry will
undertake research on various subjects
with the support of experts from the
IITs.
The research parks have been proposed
to be set up on public-private-
partnership (PPP) model. One such
research park has already come up in
Chennai.
The meeting took note of the fact that
credit-based practices were being
followed by the IITs to promote
students from one semester to the next,
and agreed that academic bodies of the
IITs should consider acquisition of
credits as a criteria for students and
granting of degrees to bring uniformity.
The issue came up following submission
of Dhande committee report on uniform
and homogeneous criteria for promoting
students in the IITs.
Kanpur IIT director Dhande, who
headed two committees, presented
reports on a “uniform criteria for
promoting students from one semester
to the next in the IITs and on the
“requirement of infrastructure for
research”. Both reports have been
accepted. Each IIT at present has its
own criteria for promotion.
The Council decided that a panel for
visitor’s nominee for a particular
department would be created which all
IITs could use for faculty selection.
5 DECEMBER 2011
“This will ensure timely selection of
professors,” the Council noted.
It also decided that the appointment
of directors should be through
advertisements so that a wider base
was created.
“It was decided that in principle
approval may be granted for setting
up an institute in Mauritius with the
help of the IITs,” an official said.
At the meeting, a presentation was
made on adopting cyber security as
part of the curriculum for the IITs.
So it was decided that a committee
be set up to develop a roadmap for
the future and give a report in next
three months.
“The committee would involve all
educational institutions as well as
government departments,” the HRD
Ministry official said.
The meeting also could not discuss
reform in the Joint Entrance
Examination and curriculum as T
Ramaswamy, secretary, Department
of Science & Technology, was not
present. Ramaswamy had prepared a
report on the two issues.
"The Indian Statistics Institute has
arrived at a formula for equalising
marks in all boards. If one board
gives 90 percent as highest marks,
and the other gives 75 percent, the
marks will be equalized on the basis
of a formula," Sibal said.
Producing more research scho-
lars was one of the key issues taken
up during the meeting, with the
council deciding to enhance the
capacity of IITs to produce 10,000
Ph.D. graduates annually from
around 1,000 presently and increase
faculty strength from around 4,000
presently to 16,000 by 2020. IANS
Science Fact:-
• The brain uses over a quarter
of the oxygen used by the
human body.
• Your heart beats around
100000 times a day,
36500000 times a year and
over a billion times if you
live beyond 30.
 Success Story
This article contains storie/interviews of persons who succeed after graduation from different IITs
Dr. Amitabha Ghosh
• Post graduation in applied geology from IIT Kharagpur,
• Working at NASA
Dr Amitabha Ghosh was the only Asian on NASA's
Mars Pathfinder mission. At present, he is a member of the
Mars Odyssey Mission and the Mars Exploration Rover
Mission.
During the Mars Pathfinder Mission, he conducted
chemical analysis of rocks and soil on the landing site. The
simple and unassuming 34-year-old planetary geologist
has won several accolades, which include the NASA Mars
Pathfinder Achievement Award in 1997 and the NASA
Mars Exploration Rover Achievement Award in 2004.
The journey from India to NASA.
It has been an intriguing experience. I was keen on
geologic research data interpretation and solar system
formation. During my geological research days in India, I
had slept in railway stations while traveling to various
places.
After my post graduation in applied geology from IIT
Kharagpur, I wrote a letter to a professor at NASA
expressing a desire to work at the space agency.
I made certain suggestions; in fact, it was a critical letter.
In India, you can never imagine criticising your professor.
My suggestions were approved, while I got an opportunity
to work at NASA.
I think one requires luck and to put in sincere effort to
achieve one's goals. Being in the right place at the right
time is also important.
In Mumbai for the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, he spoke
about his work at NASA and his vision for India.
The Vision for India :
I feel there India has a great future. We have world-class
companies. Today, companies like Infosys can be
compared with world leaders like Oracle. Like the
Information Technology revolution, we can have a science
or space revolution. We have the potential to bring about
revolutions in other sectors as well.
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
How India can we develop science and technology
sector :
It should be treated as a business. There should be more
private participation. We must have an external review to
evaluate the system and make changes as science and
technology can take the country forward.
We must check brain drain. About 80,000 students migrate
to the US for further studies, and settle there. They find the
facilities much better abroad. We need to reverse brain
drain by enhancing and upgrading institutes in India.
The state of space research in India :
I don't want to make controversial statements. All I can say
is India is not at the frontier of space research. We have
made commendable progress but there is a long way to go.
We can do much better. I would be glad to be of help in
any way. Investment in research is investment in
imagination. It is a matter of national pride and internal
recognition. We need to allocate more funds to enhance
research and development work.
We need good educational institutes like IITs and IIMs,
but IITians don't rule the world. You must remember that
Microsoft co-founder (Bill Gates does not have a college
degree.
Youngsters must look around for role models and see what
it is that they are doing right. Individuals must make use of
their inherent strengths to succeed.
How can India become a leading global player :
Globalisation will reap huge and long-term benefits and India
must make the best use of the opportunities. At the PBD
seminar, I found people presenting grandiose plans. Instead,
we should look at the realities and immediate solutions.
The private sector has to be actively involved in the
development of the country and the government has to
respond to the needs of the people. Fifteen years ago, we
didn't have an Infosys, today we have many global
companies.
6 DECEMBER 2011
 KNOW IIT-JEE
By Previous Exam Questions

PHYSICS 2. A cubical box of side 1 meter contains Helium gas

(atomic weight 4) at a pressure of 100 N/m2.
1. A non-viscous liquid of constant density 1000 kg/m3 During an observation time of 1 second, an atom
flows in a streamline motion along a tube of variable travelling with the root-mean-square speed parallel
cross section. The tube is kept inclined in the vertical to one of the edges of the cube, was found to make
plane as shown in figure. The area of cross section of 500 hits with a particular wall, without any
the tube two points P and Q at heights of 2 metres 25
and 5 metres are respectively 4 × 10–3 m2 and 8 × 10–3 collision with other atoms. Take R = J/mol-K
m2. The velocity of the liquid at point P is 1 m/s. Find 3
the work doen per unit volume by the pressure and and k = 1.38 × 10–23 J/K [IIT-2002]
the gravity forces at the fluid flows from point P to Q. (a) Evaluate the temperature of the gas.
[IIT-1997] (b) Evaluate the average kinetic energy per atom.
(c) Evaluate the total mass of helium gas in the
Q box.
Sol. The distance travelled by an atom of helium in
1
sec (times between two successive collision)
P 500
5m is 2m. Therefore root mean square speed
2m

Sol. Given that

ρ = 1000 Kg/m3, h1 = 2 m, h2 = 5 m
A1 = 4 × 10–3 m2 , A2 = 8 × 10–3 m2 . v1 = 1 m/s
1m
Equation of continuity
dis tan ce 2
A1 = 4 × 10–3 m2, A2 = 8 × 10–3 m2 , v1 = 1 m/s Crms = = = 1000 m/s
time 1 / 500
Equation of continuity
A1v1 3RT
A1v1 = A1v2, ∴ v2 = = 0.5 m/s (a) But Crms =
A2 M
According to Bernouilli's theorem, 3 × 25 / 3 × T
⇒ 1000 = ⇒ T = 160 K
1 4 × 10 – 3
(p1 – p2) = ρg (h2 – h1) – ρ (v22 – v12)
2 (b) Average kinetic energy of an atom of a
where (p1 – p2) = work done/vol. [by the pressure] 3
monoatomic gas = kT
ρg (h2 – h1) = work done/vol. [by gravity forces.] 2
Now, work done/vol by gravity forces 3
∴ Eav = kT = 3.312 × 10–12 Joules
= ρg (h2 – h1) = 103 × 9.8 × 3 = 29.4 × 103 J/m3 2
and
m
1 1 1  3 (c) From gas equation PV = RT
ρ(v22 – v12) = × 103  – 1 = – × 103 M
2 2 4  8
⇒ m = 0.3012 gm
J/m3
= – 0.375 × 103 J/m3
∴ Work done/vol. by pressure
= 29.4 × 103 – 0.375 × 103 J/m3 = 29.025 × 103 m3.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 7 DECEMBER 2011

3. A thin equiconvex lens of glass of refractive index 1 2
µ = 3/2 and of focal length 0.3 m in air is sealed into ⇒   ⇒ R = 0.3 m
= (1.5 – 1)
0.3 R
an opening at one end of a tank filled with water
(µ = 4/3). On the opposite side of the lens, a mirror is Substituting the value of R in equation (iii) we get
placed inside the tank on the tank wall perpendicular 4 3
– –1+ 2×
to the lens axis, as shown in figure. The separation 1 4/3 3 2
– + =
between the lens and the mirror is 0.8 m. A small (0.9) v 0.3
object is placed outside the tank in front of the lens at
a distance of 0.9 m from the lens along its axis. Find –4 – 3 + 9
the position (relative to the lens) of the image of the 1 4 3 2
+ = =
object formed by the system. [IIT-1997] 0.9 3v 0.3 0.9
0.9 m 0.8 m ⇒ v = 0.2 m
As shown in the figure this image will form as I"
behind the mirror. But the ray will get reflected
from the mirror in between and the final image
formed will be I.
Since CI" = 0.2 m and CM = 0.8 m

Sol. ∴ MI" = 0.2 m

v' ⇒ MI = 0.4 m [Q MI = MI"]
∴ CI = 0.4 m

v 4. A 5 m long cylindrical steel wire with radius 2 × 10–3

m is suspended vertically from a rigid support and
carries a bob of mass 100 kg at the other end. If
O C I M I'' I' the bob gets snapped, calculate the change in
temperature of the wire ignoring radiation losses.
u v (For the steel wire : Young's modulus = 2.1 × 1011
Pa ; Density = 7860 kg/m3 ; Specific heat = 420
The first refraction of the ray coming form the object J/kg-K). [IIT-2001]
is suffered on the left side of convex lens. For this we Sol. When the mass of 100 Kg is attached, the string is
can apply the equation under tension and hence in the deformed state.
µg µg – µa Therefore it has potential energy (U) which is
µ
– a + = ...(i) given by the formula.
u V' R
1
The image formed by this can be treated as a U= × stress × strain × volume
virtual object and the refracting surface now is the 2
right of the convex lens. 1 (Stress) 2
= × × πr2l
µg µ µw – µg 2 Y
– + w = ...(ii)
v' v –R 1 (Mg / πr 2 ) 2 1 M 2g 2l
Adding (i) and (ii) = × πr2l = ...(i)
2 Y 2 πr 2 Y
µa µg µg µw µg – µa
– + – + = + This energy is released in the form of heat, thereby
u v' v' v R raising the temperature of the wire
µw – µg Q = mc∆T
–R ...(ii)
µa µ –µ w – µ a + 2µ g From (i) and (iii) Since U = Q Therefore
⇒ – + w =
u v R 1 M 2g 2l
∴ mc∆T =
But according to lens formula 2 πr 2 Y
1
f
= ( µ – 1)  R1
a
g –
1
R2

 ∴ ∆T =
1 M 2g 2l
 1  2 πr 2 Ycm

⇒
1
f
= ( µ – 1)  R1
a
g –
1
R2


Here
m = mass of string = density × volume of string
 1 
= ρ × πr2l

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 8 DECEMBER 2011

 1 M 2g 2 c c
∴ ∆T = ⇒ r1 = ⇒ r2 = ⇒ r 1 = r2
2 (πr 2 ) 2 Ycp 2 2
⇒ R2 gives the most accurate value
1 (100 × 10) 2
= ×
2 (3.14 × 2 × 10 ) × 2.1× 1011 × 420 × 7860
–3 2

= 0.00457º C
CHEMISTRY
5. An unknown resistance X is to be determined
using resistance R1, R2 or R3. Their corresponding 6. From the following data, form the reaction between
null points are A, B and C. Find which of the A and B. [IIT-1994]
above will give the most accurate reading and
why? [IIT-2005] [A] [B] Initial rate (mol L–1s–1)
mol L–1 mol L–1 300 K 320 K
2.5 ×10–4 3.0 ×10–5 5.0 ×10 –4
2.0 × 10–3
5.0 × 10–4 6.0 × 10–5 4.0 × 10–3 –
1.0 × 10–3 6.0 × 10–5 1.6 × 10 –2
–
X R R = R1 or R2 or R3 Calculate
(a) the order of reaction with respect to A and with
G
respect to B,
A B C (b) the rate constant at 300 K,
(c) the energy of activation,
Sol. All Null point, the wheat stone bridge will be (d) the pre exponential factor.
balanced
Sol. Rate of reaction = k[A]l [B]m
X R
∴ = where l and m are the order of reaction with respect
r1 r2 to A and B respectively. From the given data, we
r1 obtain following expressions :
⇒X=R
r2 5.0 × 10–4 = k[2.5 × 10–4]l [3.0 × 10–5]m
..(i)
where R is a constant r1 and r2 are variable. The
maximum fraction error is 4.0 × 10–3 = k[5.0 × 10–4] l [6.0 × 10–5]m
...(ii)
1.6 × 10–2 = k[1.0 × 10–3]l [6.0 × 10–5]m
..(iii)
From eq. (ii) and eq. (iii), we get
l
X R 4.0 × 10 −3  5.0 × 10 −4 
=  
1.6 × 10 − 2  1.0 × 10 −3 
G  
r1 r2
M N or 0.25 = (0.5)l
A B C or (0.5)2 = (0.5) l
R=R1 R=R2 R=R3 or l=2
∆X ∆r ∆r From eq. (i) and eq. (ii), we get
= 1 + 2
X r1 r2 2 m
5.0 × 10 −4  2.5 × 10 −4   3.0 × 10 −5 
=  


 6.0 × 10 −5


Here ∆r1 = ∆r2 = y (say) then 4.0 × 10 −3
−4
 5.0 × 10   
∆X
For to be minimum r1 × r2 should be max 1 1 1
m
X or = × 
8 4 2
[Q r1 + r2 = c (Constt.)]
m
Let E = r1 × r2 1 1
or = 
⇒ E = r1 × (r1 – c) 2 2
dE or m=1
∴ = (r1 – c) + r1 = 0
dr1

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 9 DECEMBER 2011

 (b) At T1 = 300 K, Hence, difference in energy between first and
Rate of reaction second Bohr orbit for a H-atom is given by,
k1 = ∆E = E n i – E n f = E2 – E1
[A]2 [B]1
5.0 × 10 −4 21.76 × 10 −19 21.76 × 10 −19
= =– +
[2.5 × 10 − 4 ]2 [3.0 × 10 −5 ] 22 12
= 2.67 × 108 L2 mol–2 s–1 1 1
= – 21.76 × 10–19  2 − 2  = 16.32 ×10–19J
2 1 
–8
(c) At T2 = 320 K, (b) For λ = 3.0 × 10 m
Rate of reaction hc 6.626 × 10 −34 × 3 × 108
k2 = ∆E = =
[A]2 [B]1 λ 3.0 × 10 −8
2.0 × 10 −3 = 6.626 × 10–18 J ....(i)
= We know that, for H-like atoms,
[2.5 × 10 − 4 ]2 [3.0 × 10 −5 ]
En for H-like atom = En for H-atom × Z2
= 1.067 × 109 L2 mol–2 s–1 ∴ ∆E for H-like atom = Z2 × ∆E for H-atom
k2 E T −T  1 1
We know, 2.303 log = a  2 1  = –Z2 × 21.76 × 10–19  2 − 2 
k1 R  T1T2  2 1 
1.067 × 109 E a  320 − 300  = 16.32 × 10–19 Z2 ...(ii)
or 2.303 log =   From eq. (i) and (ii),
2.67 × 108 8.314  320 × 300 
16.32 × 10–19 Z2 = 6.626 × 10–18
Ea  20  or Z=2
or 2.303 × 0.6017 =  
8.314  320 × 300  Thus, hydrogen atom like species for Z = 2 is He+.
2.303 × 0.6017 × 8.314 × 320 × 300 8. An organic compound A, C8H4O3, in dry benzene
or Ea =
20 in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 gives compound
= 55.3 kJ mol –1 B. The compound B on treatment with PCl5
(d) According to Arrhenius equation, followed by reaction with H2/Pd(BaSO4) gives
compound C, which on reaction with hydrazine
k = Ae − E a / RT gives a cyclised compound D(C14H10N2). Identify
Ea A, B, C and D. Explain the formation of D from C.
or 2.303 log k = 2.303 log A –
RT [IIT-2000]
At 300 K, Sol. The given reactions are as follows.
55.3 × 10 3 O O
2.303 log (2.67 × 108) = 2.303 log A –
8.314 × 300 AlCl3
O +
or 2.303 × 8.4265 = 2.303 log A – 22.17 OH
19.4062 + 22.17 41.5762 O O
or logA = = = 18.0531
2.303 2.303 C6H5
C6H5
A = Antilog 18.0531 = 1.13 × 1018 s–1
C O H2NNH2
PCl5 N
7. Estimate the difference in energy between 1st and O
H2/Pd (BaSO4) C
2nd Bohr orbit for a H atom. At what minimum N
atomic no., a transition from n=2 to n = 1 energy
H
level would result in the emission of X-rays with
The formation of D from C may be explained as
λ = 3.0×10–8 m. Which hydrogen atom like species
follows.
does this atomic no. corresponds to ? [IIT-1993]
C6H5 O– O–
Sol. (a) For H atom, C6H5 C6H5
+
Z=1 O NH2 NH2 N–H
O +
ni = 2 NH2 NH2 N–H
nf = 1 O– OH
21.76 × 10 −19 C6H5
En = – 2
J
n N
N

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 10 DECEMBER 2011

9. (a) Write the chemical reaction associated with the N≡C C≡N
"brown ring test". 2+
(b) Draw the structures of [Co(NH3)6]3+, Ni
[Ni(CN)4]2– and [Ni(CO)4]. Write the N≡C C≡N
hybridization of atomic orbital of the transition
metal in each case.
(c) An aqueous blue coloured solution of a In [Ni(CO)4, nickel is present as Ni atom i.e. its
transition metal sulphate reacts with H2S in oxidation number is zero and coordination number
acidic medium to give a black precipitate A, is four.
which is insoluble in warm aqueous solution of 3d 4s 4p
KOH. The blue solution on treatment with KI Ni in
in weakly acidic medium, turns yellow and Complex
produces a white precipitate B. Identify the
transition metal ion. Write the chemical sp3 hybridization
reaction involved in the formation of A and B. Its structure is as follows :
[IIT-2000]
CO
Sol. (a) NaNO3 + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HNO3
2HNO3 + 6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 →
3Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NO + 4H2O
Ni
[Fe(H2O)6]SO4.H2O + NO
OC CO
Ferrous Sulphate
→ [Fe(H2O)5NO] SO4 + 2H2O
(Brown ring) CO
(b) In [Co(NH3)6]3+ cobalt is present as Co3+ and its (c) The transition metal is Cu2+. The compound is
coordination number is six. CuSO4.5H2O
Co27 = 1s1, 2s22p6, 3s23p63d7, 4s2
CuSO4 + H2S Acidic
 medium

→ CuS ↓ + H2SO4
Co3+ion = 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p63d6 Black ppt
3d 4s 4p
2CuSO4 + 4KI → Cu2I2 + I2 + 2K2SO4
Hence
(B) white
– –
3d 4s 4p I2 + I → I3 (yellow solution)
Co3+ion in
Complex ion 10. An organic compound A, C6H10O, on reaction with
2 3 CH3MgBr followed by acid treatment gives
d sp hybridization
compound B. The compound B on ozonolysis gives
NH3 3+ NH3 compound C, which in presence of a base gives
H3N NH3 H3N NH3
1-acetyl cyclopentene D. The compound B on
reaction with HBr gives compound E. Write the
Co or structures of A, B, C and E. Show how D is formed
Co3+
from C. [IIT-2000]
Sol. The given reactions are as follows.
H3N NH3
NH3 H3N NH3 O OMgBr CH3 CH3
NH3
2– 2+ CH3 Br
In [Ni(CN)4 nickel is present as Ni ion and its
CH3MgBr H+ HBr
coordination numbers is four
–H2O
Ni28 =1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p63d8, 4s2
(A) (B) (E)
Ni2+ ion = 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p63d8
3d 4s 4p
2+
Ni ion = COCH3 COCH3 CH3
O
Base O O
3d 4s 4p
Ni2+ion in (D) (C)
Complex ion
The conversion of C into D may involve the
dsp2 hybridization following mechanism.
Hence structure of [Ni(CN)4]2– is

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 11 DECEMBER 2011

 COCH3 COCH3 COCH3 12. Solve for x the following equation [IIT-1987]
2
log(2x +3)(6x + 23x + 21)
CH2 O HC O HC O–
B+ BH+ = 4 – log(3x + 7) (4x2 + 12x + 9)
–BH+ –B Sol. log(2x + 3) (6x2 + 23x + 21)
(C) = 4 – log(3x + 7) (4x2 + 12x + 9)
COCH3 ⇒ log(2x + 3) (2x + 3).(3x + 7)
COCH3 COCH3
– = 4 – log(3x + 7) (2x + 3)2
OH +B OH –OH–
⇒ 1 + log(2x + 3) (3x + 7)
–BH+ = 4 – 2 log(3x + 7) (2x + 3)
(D) Put log(2x + 3) (3x + 7) = y
2
⇒
MATHEMATICS y+
y
–3=0

⇒ y2 – 3y + 2 = 0 ⇒ (y – 1) (y – 2) = 0
11. Let the three digit numbers A28, 3B9, and 62C,
where A, B and C are integers between 0 and 9, be ⇒ y = 1 or y=2
divisible by a fixed integer K. Show that the ⇒ log(2x +3) (3x + 7) = 1
determinant or log(2x + 3) (3x + 7) = 2
A 3 6 ⇒ 3x + 7 = 2x + 3 or (3x + 7) = (2x + 3)2
8 9 C is divisible by K. [IIT-1990] ⇒ x = – 4 or 3x + 7 = 4x2 + 12x + 9
2 B 2 4x2 + 9x + 2 = 0
4x2 + 8x + x + 2 = 0
Sol. We know,
(4x + 1)(x + 2) = 0
A28 = A × 100 + 2 × 10 + 8
x = – 2, – 1/4
3B9 = 3 × 100 + B × 10 + 9
and 62C = 6 × 100 + 2 × 10 + C ∴ x = – 2, – 4, – 1/4 ...(i)
2
Since; A28, 3B9 and 62C are divisible by K, But, log exists only when, 6x + 23x + 21 > 0,
therefore there exist positive integers m1, m2 and 4x2 + 12x + 9 > 0,
m3 such that, 2x + 3 > 0 and 3x + 7 > 0
100 × A + 10 × 2 + 8 = m1K ⇒ x > – 3/2 ...(ii)
100 × 3 + 10 × B + 9 = m2K ∴ x = – 1/4 is the only solution.
and, 100 × 6 + 10 × 2 + C = m3K ...(i)
A 3 6 13. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
∴ ∆= 8 9 C y = (1 + x)y + sin–1 (sin2x) at x = 0. [IIT-1993]
Sol. y = (1 + x)y + sin–1 (sin2x) (given)
2 B 2
Let y = u + v, where u = (1 + x)y, v = sin–1 (sin2 x).
Applying R2 → 100R1 + 10R3 + R2 Differentiationg
A 3 dy du dv
= + ...(i)
⇒ ∆ = 100 A + 2 × 10 100 × 3 + 10 × B + 9 dx dx dx
2 B Now, u = (1 + x)y
6 take logarithm of both sides
loge u = loge(1 + x)y
100 × 6 + 10 × 2 + C
⇒ loge u = y loge(1 + x)
2
1 du y dy
A 3 6 ⇒ = + . {loge(1 + x)}
u dx 1+ x dx
= A28 3B9 62C , Using (i)
du  y dy 
2 B 2 ⇒ =u + log e (1 + x)
dx  1 + x dx 
A 3 6 A 3 6 du  y dy 
= m1 K m2 K m3 K = K m1 m2 m3 ⇒ = (1 + x)y  + log e (1 + x) ...(ii)
dx 1 + x dx 
2 B 2 2 B 2
Again, v = sin–1sin2 x
∴ ∆ = mK, Hence determinant is divisible by K. ⇒ sin v = sin2x

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 12 DECEMBER 2011

 dv π/3
⇒ dx
cos v
dx
= 2 sin x cos x I = 2π ∫ 2 – cos( x + π / 3)
0
dv 1
⇒ = [2sin x cos x] 2π / 3
dt π
dx cos v
2 sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x
= 2π
π/3
∫ 2 – cos t
, where x +
3
=t
⇒ = = ...(iii)
1 – sin v 2 4
1 – sin x t
2π / 3 sec 2
dt
Put these values in equation (i) = 2π ∫ 2
π / 3 1 + 3 tan
2 t
dy  y dy  2 sin x cos x 2
= (1 + x)y  + log e (1 + x) +
dx  1 + x dx  1 – sin 4 x 3

dy y (1 + x) y –1 + 2 sin x cos x / 1 – sin 4 x

= 2π ∫
2du
1 + 3u 2
=
4π
3
. { 3 tan –1
3u } 3
1
⇒ = 1/ 3 3
dx 1 – (1 + x) y ln (1 + x)
4π 4π 1
At x = 0, = (tan–1 3 – tan–1 1) = tan–1  
3 3 2
y = (1 + 0)y + sin–1 sin (0) = 1
π/3
π + 4 x3 4π 1
⇒
dy 1(1 + 0)1–1 + 2 sin 0. cos 0 / (1 – sin 4 0)
=
∴ ∫  π
– π / 3 2 – cos | x | + 
dx =
3
tan –1   .
2
dx 1 – (1 + 0)1 ln (1 + 0)
 3 
dy
⇒ =1
dx 15. The position vectors of the vertices A, B and C of a
Again the slope of the normal is tetrahedron ABCD are i + j + k, i and 3i, respectively.
1 The altitude from vertex D to the opposite face ABC
m=– =–1 meets the median line through A of the triangle ABC
dy / dx at a point E. If the length of the side AD is 4 and the
Thus, the required equation of the normal is 2 2
y – 1 = (–1) (x – 0) volume of the tetrahedron is , find the position
2
i.e., y + x – 1 = 0. vector of the point E for all its possible positions.
[IIT-1996]
π/3
π + 4x3 i + 3i
14. Evaluate ∫  π
– π / 3 2 – cos | x | + 
dx. [IIT-2004] Sol. F is mid-point of BC i.e., F =
2
= 2i and

3 AE ⊥ DE (given)

A(i+j+k)
Sol. D
π/3 π/3
πdx x 3dx λ
Let, I= ∫  π
– π / 3 2 – cos | x | + 
+ 4 ∫  π
– π / 3 2 – cos | x | + 
E
 3  3 1

a
 0, f (– x) = – f ( x)
 a 

–a
∫
(Using f ( x)dx = 
 ∫
2 f ( x)dx, f (– x) = f ( x) 

B(i) F(2i) C(3i)
 0  Let E divides AF in λ : 1. Then position vector of
π/3 E is given by
πdx
∴ I= 2 ∫  π
+0 2 λi + 1(i + j + k )
=
 2λ + 1 
i+
1
j+
1
k
0 2 – cos | x | +  λ +1 λ +1 λ +1
 3  λ +1 
  Now, volume of the tetrahedron
 π/3 3  1
 x dx 
as ∫  π
 – π / 3 2 – cos | x | + 
is odd 

=
3
(area of the base) (height)

  3  2 2 1
⇒ = (area of the ∆ ABC) (DE)
3 3

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 13 DECEMBER 2011

 1 → →
But area of the ∆ ABC = | BC × BA | WHAT ARE EARTHQUAKES?
2
1
= |2i × (j + k)| = |i × j + i × k|
2
= |k – j| = 2
2 2 1
Therefore, = ( 2) (DE)
3 3
⇒ DE = 2
Since ∆ ADE is a right angle triangle,
AD2 = AE2 + DE2
⇒ (4)2 = AE2 + (2)2
Earthquakes like hurricanes are not only super
⇒ AE2 = 12
destructive forces but continue to remain a mystery
→ 2λ + 1 1 1
But AE = i+ j+ k – (i + j + k) in terms of how to predict and anticipate them. To
λ +1 λ +1 λ +1 understand the level of destruction associated with
λ λ λ earthquakes you really need to look at some
= i– j– k
λ +1 λ +1 λ +1 examples of the past.
→ 1 3λ2 If we go back to the 27th July 1976 in Tangshan,
⇒ | AE | 2 = [λ2 + λ2 + λ2] =
(λ + 1) 2 (λ + 1) 2 China, a huge earthquake racked up an official
3λ2 death toll of 255,000 people. In addition to this an
Therefore, 12 = estimated 690,000 were also injured, whole
(λ + 1) 2
families, industries and areas were wiped out in the
⇒ 4(λ + 1)2 = λ2
blink of a second. The scale of destruction is hard to
⇒ 4λ2 + 4 + 8λ = λ2
imagine but earthquakes of all scales continue to
⇒ 3λ2 + 8λ + 4 = 0
happen all the time.
⇒ 3λ2 + 6λ + 2λ + 4 = 0
⇒ 3λ(λ + 2) + 2 (λ + 2) = 0 So what exactly are they ? Well the earths outer
⇒ (3λ + 2) (λ + 2) = 0 layer is made up of a thin crust divided into a
⇒ λ = – 2/3, λ = – 2 number of plates. The edges of these plates are
Therefore, when λ = – 2/3, position vector of E is referred to as boundaries and it’s at these
given by boundaries that the plates collide, slide and rub
 2λ + 1  1 1 against each other. Over time when the pressure at
 i+ j+ k
 λ + 1  λ + 1 λ +1 the plate edges gets too much, something has to
give which results in the sudden and often violent
2.(–2 / 3) + 1 1 1
= i+ j+ k tremblings we know as earthquakes.
– 2 / 3 +1 – 2 / 3 +1 – 2 / 3 +1
–4 / 3 + 1 1 1 The strength of an earthquake is measured using a
= i+ j+ k
– 2+3 – 2+3 – 2+3 machine called a seismograph. It records the
3 3 3 trembling of the ground and scientists are able to
–4 + 3 measure the exact power of the quake via a scale
= 3 i+ 1 j+ 1 k known as the richter scale. The numbers range from
1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3 1-10 with 1 being a minor earthquake (happen
= – i + 3j + 3k multiple times per day and in most case we don’t
and when λ = – 2, even feel them) and 7-10 being the stronger quakes
Position vector of E is given by, (happen around once every 10-20 years). There’s a
2 × (–2) + 1 1 1 –4 + 1 lot to learn about earthquakes so hopefully we’ll
i+ j+ k= i–j–k
– 2 +1 – 2 +1 – 2 +1 –1 release some more cool facts in the coming months.
= 3i – j – k
Therefore, – i + 3j + 3k and +3i – j – k are the
answer.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 14 DECEMBER 2011

 Physics Challenging Problems
Set # 8

This section is designed to give IIT JEE aspirants a thorough grinding & exposure to variety
of possible twists and turns of problems in physics that would be very helpful in facing IIT
JEE. Each and every problem is well thought of in order to strengthen the concepts and we
hope that this section would prove a rich resource for practicing challenging problems and
enhancing the preparation level of IIT JEE aspirants.
By : Dev Sharma
Solutions will be published in next issue Director Academics, Jodhpur Branch

Passage # 1 (Que. 1 to 3) 4. When barium is irradiated by a light of λ = 4000Å all

1. In the circuit shown C1 = 6µF, C 2 = 3µF and battery the photoelectrons emitted are bent in a circle of radius
50cm by a magnetic field of 5.26 × 10-6 T. Then
E = 20V. The switch S1 is first closed. It is then
opened and afterwards S2 is closed them the final (A) the kinetic energy of fastest photoelectrons is 0.6eV
charge on C2 is (B) work function of the metal is 2.5eV
C2 (C) the maximum velocity of photoelectrons is
0.46 × 106 m/s
C1 S2 (D) the stopping potential for photoelectric effect is 0.6V

5. Suppose the potential energy between on electron

S1 ke 2
and a proton at a distance r is given by .
E = 20 V 3r 3
(A) 120µC (B) 80µC Application of Bohr’s theory to hydrogen atom in
this case shows that
(C) 40µC (D) 20µC
(A) Energy in nth orbit is proportional to n6
2. A current in a coil of self-inductance 2H is (B) Energy is proportional to m-3 (m = mass of electron)
increasing as i = 2 sin( t 2 ) . The amount of energy (C) Energy in nth orbit is proportional to n-2
spent during the period when current changes from (D) Energy is proportional to m3 (m = mass of electron)
0 to 2A is
(A) 1J (B) 2J (C) 3J (D) 4J Passage # (Q. No. 6 to Q. No. 8)
3. A particle of charge q and mass m is projected with An ideal gas is taken round a cyclic process ABCA
a velocity v forwards a circular region having as shown. If the internal energy of the gas at point A
uniform magnetic field B perpendicular and into the is assumed zero while at B it is 50J. The heat
plane of paper from point P as shown. R is the absorbed by the gas in the process BC is 90J.
radius and O is the centre of the circular region. If
the line OP makes an angle θ with the direction of 30 C
v then the value of v so that particle passes through
O is 20
P(N/m2) A
10 B
× × ×
× × D E
× O× × O 1 2 3
×
R × ×
q v × θ× × V(m)3
m P × × 6. Heat energy absorbed by the gas in process AB is
qBR qBR (A) 50J (B) 70J (C)30J (D) None
(A) (B)
m sin θ 2m sin θ 7. Heat energy rejected by gas in process CA is
2qBR 3qBR (A) 180J (B) 140J (C) 220J (D) None
(C) (D)
m sin θ 2m sin θ 8. The net work done by gas in the complete cycle
ABCA is
(A) 20J (B) zero (C) 40J (D) -20J

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 15 DECEMBER 2011

 8 Solution
Set # 7

Physics Challenging Problems

Qu e s tio ns we r e Pub lis he d in Nov emb er I ss ue

3R R B 0 cos r = A 0 (1 + cos φ + cos 2φ)

1. I AB = I and I DC = I
4R 4R B 0 sin r = (A 0 (sin φ + sin 2φ))
Option [C] is correct
∴ B 02 = A 02 (1 + 4 cos φ + 4 cos 2 φ)
2. L.∆I = area under v – t curve ∴ I θ = I 0 (1 + 4 cos φ + 4 cos 2 φ)
1 ∴ (I θ ) max = 9I 0
2[i − 0] = × 10 x 2
2 Iθ 1 1
Option [A,C] is correct also = = (1 + 4 cos φ + 4 cos 2 φ)
(I θ ) max 2 9
3. By conservation of energy ⇒ cos φ = 0.56
 
2
 gR   − GMm  1  
1 GMm
× m  +  = mV 2 +   8. A → P; B → R ; C → Q; D → S
2  2   R  2  R 
  R+ 
 4 5 5  GM 
v net = v0 =  
by conservation of angular momentum 4 4  r0 
gR  R −GMm 1 5 GM −3GMm
m. .R sin θ = mV R +  ∴ total energy = − + m× . =
2  4 r0 2 4 r0 8r0
Option [A] is correct when particle is at maximum or minimum distance r,
then energy conservation
2q 2  1 1 1 1  1 GMm 3GMm
4. U= − + − + + ..... mv 2 − =− …….(1)
4π ∈0 d  d 2d 3d 4d  2 r 8r0
Option [C] is correct Angular momentum conservation mvr
5
Passage Based Question: = m. v 0 .r0 …….(2)
4
5. Option [A] is correct
6. Option [D] is correct
7. Option [A] is correct Science Jokes
Let A and w be the amplitude and angular frequency of
A chemistry professor couldn't resist interjecting a
the wave incident on the three slit grating. Let φ be
little philosophy into a class lecture. He interrupted
the phase difference between the diffracted waves his discussion on balancing chemical equations,
from S1 and S2 and φ between those from S2 and S2. If saying, "Remember, if you're not part of the
θ is angle of diffraction then using. solution, you're part of the precipitate!"
2πd sin θ 1. 1 couldn't resist interjecting a little philosophy
φ=
λ into a class lecture. He interrupted his
A 1 = A 0 sin ωt discussion on balancing chemical equations,
saying, "Remember, if you're not part of the
A 2 = A 0 sin(ωt + φ) solution, you're part of the precipitate!".
A 3 = A 0 sin(ωt + 2φ)
2. Q. What is volume of a person who lost all his
A = A 1 + A 2 + A 3 = A 0 [sin ωt (1 + cos φ + cos 2φ) memory ? A. 1/3 πr2h
+ cos ωt (sin φ + sin 2 φ)]
Because he keeps on saying, “main CONE
A = B 0 sin(ωt + r ) hu!"
where

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 16 DECEMBER 2011

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 17 DECEMBER 2011
 Students Forum
Expert’s Solution for Question asked by IIT-JEE Aspirants
PHYSICS
1. Oxygen is used as working substance in an engine Heat supplied to gas during the process,
working on the cycle shown in Figure 7
Q23 = nCP(T3 – T2) = nRT0
2
2 3
Work done by gas during the process,
W23 = nR(T3 – T2) = nRT0
P 4 Now considering adiabatic process 3 → 4,
1 V3 = 2V0 , T3 = 2T0
V4 = 5V0 , T4 = ?
V γ–1
Processes 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 and 4-1 are isothermal, Using T.V = constant
isobaric, adiabatic and isochoric, respectively. If (2T0) (2V0)γ – 1 = T4(5V0)γ – 1
ratio of maximum to minimum volume of oxygen or T4 = 2 (0.4)0.4 T0
during the cycle is 5 and that of maximum to Work done by the gas during the process,
minimum absolute temperature is 2, assuming P V – P4 V4 nR (T3 – T4 )
oxygen to be an ideal gas, calculate efficiency of the W24 = 3 3 =
engine. γ –1 γ –1
Given, (0.4)0.4 = 0.693 and loge 5 1.6094 = 5 nRT0 (1 – (0.4)0.4) T0
Sol. Volume of gas is minimum at state 2 during the During isochoric process 4 → 1, no work is done by
cycle. Let it be V0. Then maximum volume of gas the gas and heat is rejected from the gas.
during the cycle will be equal to 5V0 which is at Hence, W41 = 0 and Q41 is negative
states 4 and 1. Therefore, V4 = V1 = 5V0. ∴ Net work done by the gas during the cycle,
Temperature during the cycle is maximum at the end W = W12 + W23 + W34 + W41 =
of isobaric process 2 → 3 i.e. state 3 and minimum
nRT0 {6 – loge 5 – 5 × (0.4)0.4}
at the end of isochoric cooling process 4 → 1 i.e.
state 1. Let minimum absolute temperature be T0. Heat supplied to the gas during heating process,
Then T1 = T0 and T3 = 2T0. 7
QS = Q23 = ( 6 – loge 5 – 5 × 0.40.4) = 0.2642
Since gas is Oxygen which is di-atomic, therefore, 2
5 7 7 W 2
Cv = R, Cp = R and γ = or η = = ( 6 – loge 5 – 5 × 0.40.4) = 0.2642
2 2 5 Qs 7
Since, process 1 → 2 is isothermal, therefore, or η = 26.42 % Ans.
temperature during the process remains constant.
Hence temperature T2 is also equal to T0. 2. Calculate speed of sound in a mixture containing n1
Considering n mole of the gas, mole of He, n2 mole of H2 and n3 mole of CO2 at
Work done by the gas during isothermal process temperature T
1 → 2, (i) when n1 = 1, n2 = 2, n3 = 3 and T = 434 K,
V (ii) when n1 = 3, n2 = 2, n3 = 1 and T = 415 K
W12 = nRT1.log 2 = – nRT0 loge 5
V1 Gas constant, R = 8.3 J (mole)–1 K–1
But for isothermal process Q = W, therefore, Sol. Sound waves in gases are longitudinal waves and
Q12 = – nRT0 loge 5 speed of longitudinal waves in a gas is given by
Now considering isobaric process 2 → 3 γRT
v= .
V3 T M
= 3 =2 or V3 = 2V0
V2 T2 Hence, to calculate speed of sound waves in the
mixture, its mean molar mass M and adiabatic
exponent γ must be known.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 18 DECEMBER 2011

 Molar mass of He is M1 = 4 gm/mole and its molar Sol. First, incident waves are received by the wall and
3 then reflected back. These reflected waves are
specific heat at constant volume is C v1 = R. received by the source.
2
5 First, consider incident waves received by the wall.
These for H2 are M2 = 2 gm/mole and C v 2 = R Since, source and wall (observer) both are
2
respectively and for CO2, M3 = 44 gm/mole and approaching towards each other, therefore,
C v3 = 3R respectively. frequency received by the wall is given by,
 v + v0  v+u
Mean molar mass of the mixture, n1 = n0   = n0   = 272 Hz
v – v  v–u
M m + m 2 n 2 + M 3n 3  s 
M= 1 1 ...(i)
n1 + n 2 + n 3 Now waves are reflected by the wall. For reflected
waves wall works as a sonic source of frequency
and Mean molar specific heat at constant volume,
n1 = 272 Hz, which is approaching towards the
n1C v1 + n 2 C v 2 + n 3C v3 receiver R with velocity u. Receiver is also
Cv = ...(ii)
n1 + n 2 + n 3 approaching the wall (source) with the same speed.
(i) substituting n1 = 1, n2 = 2, n3 = 3 in equation (i) Therefore, frequency n2 of reflected waves received
and (ii) by the receiver is given by
 v + v0  v+u
M=
140
gm/mole or
140
× 10–3 kg/mole n2 = n1   = n1   = 289 Hz Ans.

6 6  v – vs  v–u
31 Since, receiver is approaching the wall with velocity
Cv = R
12 u to receive reflected waves, therefore, velocity of
43 wave propagation relative to the receiver is
But Cp = Cv + R, therefore, Cp = R v' = (v + u) = 340 ms–1.
12
C 43 Let wavelength of reflected waves by λ'.
∴ Adiabatic exponent, γ = P = 20
Cv 31 Using, v' = n2λ' or λ' = m Ans.
17
γRT
∴ Speed of longitudinal waves = 4. Both ends of a solid cylindrical glass rod of diameter
M
d = 10 cm are made hemispherical. When a luminous
= 214140 ms–1 object is placed on axis of the rod at a distance
or 462.75 ms–1 Ans. a = 20 cm from one end, its real image is obtained at a
(ii) Substituting n1 = 3, n2 = 2, n3 = 1 in equation (i) distance b = 40 cm from the other end. If the refractive
and (ii) index of glass µ = 1.5. Calculate length l of the rod.
M = 10 gm/mole or 10 × 10–3 kg/mole Sol. Since image is real, therefore, it is formed by
25 37 convergence of transmitted rays. If object is placed
Cv = R and Cp = Cv + R = R
12 12 on left of left end of the rod, image will be on right
Cp 37 of the right end of rod.
γ= =
Cv 25 Since diameter of the rod is d and ends are made
hemispherical, radius of curvature of each end is
γRT equal to d/2.
Speed of longitudinal waves
M First considering refraction at left end,
= 83 74 ms–1 or 714 ms–1 Ans. d
u = – a, µ1 = 1, µ2 = µ = 1.5, R = + , v = v1 (let)
3. A sonic source of natural frequency n0 = 256 Hz and 2
a receiver are moving along the same line with speed l
u = 10 ms–1 towards a reflecting surface. Their line of (µ)
motion is normal to the surface and the surface is also
approaching towards them with the same speed as O I1 I
shown in figure. If speed of sound in air is v = 330
ms–1, calculate frequency and wavelength of reflected v1
waves received by the receiver. µ2 µ µ – µ1
u u Using formula, – 1 = 2
v u R
S v1 = + 30 cm
R
It means that image I1 formed after refraction at left
u end is on right of left end at a distance of 30 cm.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 19 DECEMBER 2011

 This image works as an object for refraction at the dφ 1
other end. e=– = π ωa2 B sin (ωt)
dt 2
Then, for refraction at right end, since, resistance of the circuit is negligible,
µ1 = 1.5, µ2 = 1, v = + b = + 40 cm, therefore, Potential difference across capacitor is
d equal to induced emf in the circuit.
R=– = – 5 cm, u = ?
2 ∴ Charge on the capacitor at time t is q = C.e.
µ µ µ – µ1 1
Substituting in 2 – 1 = 2 = πωa2 CB sin (ωt)
v u R 2
u = – 20 cm dq 1
But current I = = π ω2 a2 CB cos (ωt) Ans.
Negative sign indicates that object for right end is on dt 2
its left or image I1 is on left of right end of the rod Due to flow of current, semicircle experience a
and at a distance of 20 cm. moment. Therefore, power is required to keep the
∴ Length of the rod = v1 + 20 cm = 50 cm Ans. semi circle rotating with constant angular velocity.
In fact, power required to rotate the semicircle is
5. A copper rod is bent into a semi-circle of radius a and equal to electrical power generated in the circuit.
at ends straight parts are bent along diameter of the
semi-circle and are passed through fixed, smooth and 1
∴ Power required, P = e.I = π2ω3a4 CB2 sin (2ωt)
conducting rings O and O' as shown in figure. A 8
capacitor having capacitance C is connected to the Ans.
rings. The system is located in a uniform magnetic field
of induction B such that axis of rotation OO' is
perpendicular to the field direction. At initial moment
of time (t = 0), plane of semi-circle was normal to the
field direction and the semi-circle is set in rotation with
Dimensional Formulae of Some
constant angular velocity ω. Neglecting resistance and Physical Quantities
inductance of the circuit, calculate current I flowing
through the circuit at time t and instantaneous power Dimensional
Physical Quantity
required to rotate the semi-circle. Formulae
Work (W) [ML2T–2]
O O' Stress [ML–1T–2]
a
Torque (τ) [ML2T–2]
Moment of Inertia (I) [ML2]
×B
Coefficient of viscosity (η) [ML–1T–1]
C Gravitational constant (G) [M–1L3T–2]
Sol. When the copper rod is rotated, flux linked with the Specific heat (S) [L2T–2θ–1]
circuit varies with time. Therefore, an emf is Coeficient of thermal conductivity (K) [MLT–3θ–1]
induced in the circuit. Universal gas constant (R) [ML2T–2θ–1]
At time t, plane of semi-circle makes angle ωt with
Potential (V) [ML2T–3A–1]
the plane of rectangular part of the circuit. Hence,
component of the magnetic induction normal to Intensity of electric field (E) [MLT–3A–1]
plane of semi circle is equal to B.cos ωt. Permittivity of free space (ε0) [M–1L–3T4A2]
∴ Flux linked with semicircular part is Specific resistance (ρ) [ML3T–3A2]
1 Magnetic Induction (B) [MT–2A–1]
φ1 = πa2.B cos ωt
2
Planck's constant (h) [ML2T–1]
Let area of rectangular part of the circuit be A.
Boltzmann's constant (k) [ML2T–2θ–1]
Then flux linked with this part is φ2 = BA
∴ Total flux linked with the circuit is φ = φ1 + φ2 Entropy (S) [ML2T–2θ–1]
1 Decay constant (λ) [T–1]
or φ = πa2 B.cos(ωt) + B.A
2 Bohr magnetic (µB) [L2A]
∴ Induced emf in the circuit, Thermmionic current density (J) [AL–2]

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 20 DECEMBER 2011

 P HYSICS F UNDAMENTAL F OR IIT-J EE

Ray Optics
KEY CONCEPTS & PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY

Reflection :
Key Concepts : n αα
(a) Due to reflection, none of frequency, wavelength P P'
and speed of light change. α
Real n α Virual
(b) Law of reflection : Object Object
Incident ray, reflected ray and normal on incident
point are coplanar. For solving the problem, the reference frame is
The angle of incidence is equal to angle of chosen in which optical instrument (mirror, lens, etc.)
reflection is in rest.
The formation of image and size of image is
Incident n Reflected n independent of size of mirror.
Ray Ray
θ θ θ θ
Tangent Visual region and intensity of image depend on size
at point P of mirror.
P
Plane surface Convex surface P P'
n
n θ
θ
αα
α
Convex A α
surface Tangent
at point P

Some important points : In case of plane mirror

For real object, image is virtual.
If the plane mirror is rotated through an angle θ, the
For virtual object, image is real.
reflected ray and image is rotated through an angle 2θ
The converging point of incident beam behaves as a in the same sense.
object.
If mirror is cut into a number of pieces, then the focal
If incident beam on optical instrument (mirror, lens length does not change.
etc) is converging in nature, object is virtual.
The minimum height of mirror required to see the full
If incident beam on optical instrument is diverging in image of a man of height h is h/2.
nature, the object is real.
Rest
The converging point of reflected or refracted beam
from an optical instrument behaves as image.
v
If reflected beam or refracted beam from an optical Object v Image
instrument is converging in nature, image is real.

n vsinθ
P P P v Rest
P vsinθ
Real n θ
Virtual Real Virual
Object Object Object Object Object vcosθ vcosθ Image

If reflected beam or refracted beam from an optical

instrument is diverging in nature, image is virtual. vm
2vm–v
Object v Image

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 21 DECEMBER 2011

 y y
vm
2vm x' x x' x
Object Image
In rest y' y'
1 1 1
The mirror formula is + =
v u f
Object vm
v 2vm+v Also, R = 2f
Image These formulae are only applicable for paraxial
rays.
(c) Number of images formed by combination of All distances are measured from optical centre. It
two plane mirrors : The images formed by means optical centre is taken as origin.
combination of two plane mirror are lying on a The sign conventions are only applicable in given
circle whose centre is at the meeting points of values.
mirrors. Also, object is lying on that circle. The transverse magnification is
360º image size −v
Here, n = β= =
θ object size u
where θ = angle between mirrors.
1. If object and image both are real, β is negative.
360º 2. If object and image both are virtual, β is negative.
If is even number, the number of images is
θ
3. If object is real but image is virtual, β is positive.
n – 1.
4. If object is virtual but image is real, β is positive.
360º
If is odd number and object is placed on 5. Image of star; moon or distant object is formed at
θ focus of mirror.
bisector of angle between mirror, then number of
images is n – 1. If y = the distance of sun or moon from earth.
D = diameter of moon or sun's disc
360º
If is odd and object is not situated on f = focal length of the mirror
θ
bisector of angle between mirrors, then the d = diameter of the image
number of images is equal to n. θ = the angle subtended by sun or moon's disc
(d) Law of reflection in vector form : D d
Then tan θ = θ = =
Let ê1 = unit vector along incident ray. y f
ê 2 = unit vector along reflected ray Here, θ is in radian.
n̂ = unit vector along normal on point of
Incidence Sun
D F
Then ê 2 = ê1 − 2(ê1.n̂ ) n̂ θ
θ
n d
n̂

ê1 ê 2 Problem solving strategy :

Image formation by mirrors
(e) Spherical mirrors : Step 1: Identify the relevant concepts : There are
two different and complementary ways to solve
It easy to solve the problems in geometrical optics problems involving image formation by mirrors. One
by the help of co-ordinate sign convention. approach uses equations, while the other involves
y y y drawing a principle-ray diagram. A successful
problem solution uses both approaches.
x' x x' x x' x Step 2: Set up the problem : Determine the target
variables. The three key quantities are the focal
y' y' y' length, object distance, and image distance; typically

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 22 DECEMBER 2011

 you'll be given two of these and will have to Note that the same sign rules (given in section)
determine the third. work for all four cases in this chapter : reflection
Step 3: Execute the solution as follows : and refraction from plane and spherical surfaces.
The principal-ray diagram is to geometric optics Step 4: Evaluate your answer : You've already
what the free-body diagram is to mechanics. In checked your results by using both diagrams and
any problem involving image formation by a equations. But it always helps to take a look back
mirror, always draw a principal-ray diagram first and ask yourself. "Do these results make sense ?".
if you have enough information. (The same
advice should be followed when dealing with Refraction :
lenses in the following sections.)
Laws of Refraction :
It is usually best to orient your diagrams
consistently with the incoming rays traveling The incident ray, the refracted ray and normal on
from left to right. Don't draw a lot of other rays at incidence point are coplanar.
random ; stick with the principal rays, the ones
you know something about. Use a ruler and µ1 sin θ1 = µ2 sin θ2 = ... = constant.
measure distance carefully ! A freehand sketch
will not give good results.
θ1
If your principal rays don't converge at a real µ1
image point, you may have to extend them
straight backward to locate a virtual image point, µ2
as figure (b). We recommend drawing the
extensions with broken lines. Another useful aid θ2
is to color-code the different principal rays, as is
done in figure(a) & (b).
Snell's law in vector form :
Q I
n̂
4
2
3 C P' F v
P
2 ê1
4 Q' µ1
3
µ2
1 ê 2
(a)

Let, ê1 = unit vector along incident ray

Q 1 1
3 ê 2 = unit vector along refracted.
Q'
2 4 2
v n̂ = unit vector along normal on incidence point.
P P' F C
4 Then µ1( ê1 × n̂ ) = µ2( ê 2 × n̂ )
(b) Some important points :
1 1 1 (a) The value of absolute refractive index µ is always
Check your results using Eq. + = and the
s s' f greater or equal to one.
y' s'
magnification equation m = = − . The (b) The value of refractive index depends upon
y s
material of medium, colour of light and
results you find using this equation must be
consistent with your principal-ray diagram; if not, temperature of medium.
double-check both your calculation and your (c) When temperature increases, refractive index
diagram.
decreases.
Pay careful attention to signs on object and image
distances, radii or curvature, and object and image (d) Optical path is defined as product of geometrical
heights. A negative sign on any of these path and refractive index.
quantities always has significance. Use the
equations and the sign rules carefully and i.e., optical path = µx
consistently, and they will tell you the truth !

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 23 DECEMBER 2011

 ti t t
Σ = 1 + 2 + ...
(e) For a given time, optical path remains constant. µi µ1 µ2

i.e., µ1x1 = µ2x2 = ... constant ti

The apparent depth due to a number of media is Σ
dx dx µi
∴ µ1 1 = µ2 2
dt dt
The lateral shifting due to a slab is d = t sec r sin(i – r).
∴ µ1c1 = µ2c2 (where c1 and c2 are speed
Critical angle : When a ray passes from denser
of light in respective mediums)
medium (µ2) to rarer medium (µ1), then for 90º angle
µ2 c
∴ = 1 of refraction, the corresponding angle of incidence is
µ1 c2
critical angle.
1
i.e., µ∝ µ1
c Mathematically, sin c =
µ2
(f) The frequency of light does not depend upon
medium. (i) When angle of incidence is lesser than critical
∴ c1 = fλ1, c2 = fλ2 angle, refraction takes place. The corresponding
µ1 c λ deviation is
∴ = 2 = 2
µ2 c1 λ1 µ 
δ = sin–1  2 sin i  – i for i < c
1  µ1 
∴ µ∝
λ
(ii) When angle of incidence is greater than critical
When observer is rarer medium and object is in
angle, total internal reflection takes place. The
denser medium :
corresponding deviation is
real depth
Then µ= δ = π – 2i when i < c
apparent depth
The δ – i graph is :
When object is in rarer and observer is in denser
(i) Critical angle depends upon colour of light,
medium :
material of medium, and temperature of medium.
apparent position
µ= (ii) Critical angle does not depend upon angle of
real position
incidence
 1
The shift of object due to slab is x = t 1 – 
 µ
(a) This formula is only applicable when observer is
in rarer medium. δ
(b) The object shiftiness does not depend upon the c
i π/2
position of object.
(c) Object shiftiness takes place in the direction of Refractive surface formula,
incidence ray. µ2 µ µ − µ1
– 1 = 2
The equivalent refractive index of a combination of a v u r
Σt i Here, v = image distance,
number of slabs for normal incidence is µ =
t
Σ i u = object distance,
µi
r = radius of curvature of spherical surface.
Here, Σti = t1 + t2 + ...
(a) For plane surface , r = ∞
(b) Transverse magnification,

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 24 DECEMBER 2011

 Im age size µv (b) This formula is only applicable when medium on
m= = 1
object size µ2u both sides of lens are same.
(c) Refractive surface formula is only applicable for (c) Intensity is proportional to square of
paraxial ray. aperture.
Lens : (d) When lens is placed in a medium whose refractive
Lens formula : index is greater than that of lens. i.e., µ1 > µ2.
1 1 1 Then converging lens behaves as diverging lens
– = and vice versa.
v u f
(a) Lens formula is only applicable for thin lens. (e) When medium on both sides of lens are not same.
(b) r = 2f formula is not applicable for lens. Then both focal lengths are not same to each
other.
image size v
(c) m = = (f) If a lens is cut along the diameter, focal length
object size u
does not change.
(d) Magnification formula is only applicable when
object is perpendicular to optical axis. (g) If lens is cut by a vertical, it converts into two
lenses of different focal lengths.
(e) lens formula and the magnification formula is
only applicable when medium on both sides of 1 1 1
i.e., = +
lenses are same. f f1 f2

(h) If a lens is made of a number of layers of different

(f)
refractive index number of images of an object by
the lens is equal to number of different media.
f(+ve) f(–ve)
(i) The minimum distance between real object and
(i) (ii)
real image in is 4f.
(j) The equivalent focal length of co-axial
combination of two lenses is given by
f(–ve) f(+ve) 1 1 1 d
= + –
F f1 f 2 f1f 2
(iii) (iv)
(k) If a number of lenses are in contact, then
1 1 1
= + + ......
F f1 f 2
f(–ve) f(+ve)
(v) (vi) 1
(l) (i) Power of thin lens, P =
F
(g) Thin lens formula is applicable for converging as
well diverging lens. Thin lens maker's formula : 1
(ii) Power of mirror is P = –
F
1  µ − µ1  1 1
=  2   −  (m) If a lens silvered at one surface, then the system
f  µ1   r1 r2 
behaves as an equivalent mirror, whose power
µ1 µ1 P = 2PL + Pm
µ2 Here, PL = Power of lens

 µ − µ1  1 1
=  2   − 
(a) Thin lens formula is only applicable for paraxial  µ1   r1 r2 
ray.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 25 DECEMBER 2011

 1 1 1 1
Pm = Power of silvered surface = – Now = +
Fm f1 u1 v1
1 1 1
Here, Fm = r2/2, where r2 = radius of silvered surface. or = +
20 25 v1
P = – 1/F
v1 = 100 cm.
Here, F = focal length of equivalent mirror. As v1 is positive, hence the image is real. In the
absence of convex mirror, the rays after reflection
from concave mirror would have formed a real image
I1 at distance 100 cm from the mirror. Due to the
Solved Examples presence of convex mirror, the rays are reflected and
appear to come from I2.
1. Rays of light strike a horizontal plane mirror at an (ii) For convex mirror,
angle of 45º. At what angle should a second plane In this case, I1 acts as virtual object and I2 is the
mirror be placed in order that the reflected ray finally virtual image.
be reflected horizontally from the second mirror. The distance of the virtual object from the convex
Sol. The situation is shown in figure mirror is 100 – 50 = 50 cm. Hence u2 = –50 cm.
C G As focal length of convex mirror is negative and
A D hence f2 = –30/2 = –15 cm. Here we shall calculate
S θ θ the value of v2. Using the mirror formula, we have
45º N 1 1 1
− = − +
45º 15 50 v 2
P Q
B or v2 = –21.42 cm
The ray AB strikes the first plane mirror PQ at an As v2 is negative, image is virtual. So image is
angle of 45º. Now, we suppose that the second formed behind the convex mirror at a distance of
mirror SG is arranged such that the ray BC after 21.43 cm.
reflection from this mirror is horizontal.
3. There is a small air bubble in side a glass sphere (n =
From the figure we see that emergent ray CD is
parallel to PQ and BC is a line intersecting these 1.5) of radius 10 cm. The bubble is 4 cm below the
parallel lines.
surface and is viewed normally from the outside
So, ∠DCE = ∠CBQ = 180º
∠DCN + ∠NCB + ∠CBQ = 180º (Fig.). Find the apparent depth of the air bubble.
θ + θ + 45º = 180º ∴ θ = 67.5º P
A n2 = 1
As ∠NCS = 90º, therefore the second mirror should
I
be inclined to the horizontal at an angle 22.5º.
O
2. An object is placed exactly midway between a C
concave mirror of radius of curvature 40 cm and a n1 = 1.5
convex mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm. The
mirrors face each other and are 50 cm apart.
Determine the nature and position of the image
formed by the successive reflections, first at the Sol. The observer sees the image formed due to refraction
concave mirror and then at the convex mirror. at the spherical surface when the light from the
Sol. The image formation is shown in figure. bubble goes from the glass to air.
Here u = – 4.0 m, R = – 10 cm, n1 = 1.5 and n2 = 1
50cm
We have [(n2/v) – (n1/u) = (n2 – n1)/R
I2
P2 C F or (1/v) – (1.5/ –4.0 cm) = (1 – 1.5)/ (– 10 cm)
P1
25cm or (1/v) = (0.5/10 cm) – (1.5/4.0 cm)

r = 40 cm or v = – 3.0 cm
r = 30 cm
I1
Thus, the bubble will appear 3.0 cm below the
surface.
(i) For concave mirror,
u1 = 25 cm, f1 = 20 cm and v1 = ?

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 26 DECEMBER 2011

4. A convex lens focuses a distance object on a screen
placed 10 cm away from it. A glass plate (n = 1.5) of DEEPEST LAKE IN THE WORLD ?
thickness 1.5 is inserted between the lens and the
screen. Where should the object be placed so that its
image is again focused on the screen ?
Sol. The situation when the glass plate is inserted between
the lens and the screen, is shown in fig. The lens
forms the image of object O at point I1 but the glass
plate intercepts the rays and forms the final image at I
on the screen. The shift in the position of image after
insertion of glass plate

Screen
Lake Baikal (Baikal) in Siberia, Russia is the deepest
O I1 I lake in the world measuring 1620m deep at its
deepest point. This makes it not only deep but also
the oldest lake in the world estimated to be around 25
10 cm million years old. At over 636 kilometers long and 80
kilometers wide this fresh water lake holds over 20
 1  1  percent of all the fresh water in the world and is
I1I = t 1 −  = (1.5 cm) 1 −  = 0.5 cm.
 n  1.5  second in size only to the Caspian Sea (the caspian is
called a sea but is technically a lake).
Thus, the lens forms the image at a distance of 9.5 cm
from itself. Using To put things into perspective the lake is so big that if
all the rivers in the world flowed into its basin it
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 would take almost 1 year to fill. We all know Siberia
– = , we get = – = –
v u f u v f 9.5 10 isn’t the warmest of places so you can imagine what
or u = – 190 cm. a phenomenal site it is when in the winter months the
lake freezes over holding ice up to 115 meters thick.
i.e. the object should be placed at a distance of Now that’s a lot of ice!
190 cm. from the lens.

5. A candle is placed at a distance of 3 ft from the wall. WHICH IS THE HIGHEST

Where must a convex lens of focal length 8 inches be WATERFALL IN THE WORLD ?
placed so that a real image is formed on the wall ?
Sol. According to formula for refraction though a lens
36 – v v

f = 8"

d = 3 ft = 36"

1 1 1 1 1 1 The highest waterfall in the world is the Angel Falls

– = or – =
v u f v − (36 − v) 8 in Venezuela. At a towering height of 979m did you
know that each drop of water takes 14 seconds to fall
1 1 1 36 − v + v 1
or + = or = from the top to the bottom. The water flows from the
v 36 − v 8 v(36 − v) 8 top of a “Tepui” which is a flat topped mountain with
or, v2 – 36 v + 8 × 36 = 0 vertical sides.
or v = 12" or 24" = 1 ft or 2 ft. The waterfall which despite being known to the local
indians for thousands of years was originally called
∴ u = 24" or 12" = 2 ft or 1 ft
the “Churun Meru” but for some reason they were
Hence, lens should be placed at either 1 ft or 2 ft renamed by an American bush pilot called Jimmy
away from the wall. Angel, who noticed them in 1935 whilst flying over
the area looking for gold.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 27 DECEMBER 2011

 P HYSICS F UNDAMENTAL F OR IIT-J EE
Fluid Mechanics & Properties of Matter
KEY CONCEPTS & PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
Fluid Mechanics :
Fluid statics :
Pressure at a point inside a Liquid : p = p0 + ρgh
where p0 is the atmospheric pressure, ρ is the density
of the liquid and h is the depth of the point below the
free surface.
p0
h v1
p
ρ
Pressure is a Scalar : The unit of pressure may be
atmosphere or cm of mercury. These are derived
units. The absolute unit of pressure is Nm–2. Normal
atmospheric pressure, i.e, 76 cm of mercury, is
approximately equal to 105 Nm–2.
Thrust : Thrust = pressure × area. Thrust has the unit
of force.
Laws of liquid pressure
(a) A liquid at rest exerts pressure equally in all
directions.
(b) Pressure at two points on the same horizontal line
in a liquid at rest is the same.
(c) Pressure exerted at a point in a confined liquid at
rest is transmitted equally in all directions and
acts normally on the wall of the containing vessel.
This is called Pascal's law. A hydraulic press
works on this principle of transmission of
pressure.
The principle of floating bodies (law of flotation) is
that W = W´, that is, weight of body = weight of
displaced liquid or buoyant force. The weight of the
displaced liquid is also called buoyancy or upthrust.
Hydrometers work on the principle of floating
bodies. This principle may also be applied to gases
(e.g., a balloon).
Liquids and gases are together called fluids. The
important difference between them is that liquids
cannot be compressed, while gases can be
compressed. Hence, the density of a liquid is the
same everywhere and does not depend on its
pressure. In the case of a gas, however, the density is
proportional to the pressure.
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
Fluid dynamics :
1 2 p
Bernoulli's Theorem : v + gh + = a constant
2 ρ
for a streamline flow of a fluid (liquid or gas).
Here, v is the velocity of the fluid, h is its height
above some horizontal level, p is the pressure and ρ
is the density.
p1
p2
h1
v2 h2
v2 > v1 p2 < p1
According to this principle, the greater the velocity,
the lower is the pressure in a fluid flow.
It would be useful to remember that in liquid flow,
the volume of liquid flowing past any point per
second is the same for every point. Therefore, when
the cross-section of the tube decreases, the velocity
increases.
Note : Density = relative density
or specific gravity × 1000 kg m–3.
Surface tension and surface energy :
Surface Tension : The property due to which a
liquid surface tends to contract and occupy the
minimum area is called the surface tension of the
liquid. It is caused by forces of attraction between the
molecules of the liquid. A molecule on the free
surface of a liquid experiences a net resultant force
which tends to draw it into the liquid. Surface tension
is actually a manifestation of the forces experienced
by the surface molecules.
If an imaginary line is drawn on a liquid surface then
the force acting per unit length of this line is defined
as the surface tension. Its unit is, therefore, newton /
metre. This force acts along the liquid surface. For
curved surfaces, the force is tangent to the liquid
surface at every point.
Surface Energy : A liquid surface possesses
potential energy due to surface tension. This energy
per unit area of the surface is called the surface
energy of the liquid. Its units is joule per square
metre. The surface energy of a liquid has the same
numerical values as the surface tension. The surface
28 DECEMBER 2011
 tension of a liquid depends on temperature. It
decreases with rise in temperature.
Excess of Pressure : Inside a soap bubble or a gas
bubble inside a liquid, there must be pressure in
excess of the outside pressure to balance the tendency
of the liquid surface to contract due to surface
tension.
1 1
p(excess of pressure) = T  +  in general
 r1 r2 
where T is surface tension of the liquid, and r1 and r2
are the principal radii of curvature of the bubble in
two mutually perpendicular directions.
For a spherical soap bubble, r1 = r2 = r and there are
two free surfaces of the liquid.
4T
∴ p=
r meniscus is convex, since the angle of contact is
For a gas bubble inside a liquid, r1 = r2 = r and there
is only one surface.
2T
∴ p=
r
For a cylindrical surface r1 = r and r2 = ∞ and there
are two surfaces.
2T
∴ p=
r theorem, so it is not surprising that much of the
Angle of Contact : The angle made by the surface of
a liquid with the solid surface inside of a liquid at the
point of contact is called the angle of contact. It is at
this angle that the surface tension acts on the wall of
the container.
The angle of contact θ depends on the natures of the
liquid and solid in contact. If the liquid wets the solid
(e.g., water and glass), the angle of contact is zero. In
most cases, θ is acute (figure i). In the special case of
mercury on glass, θ is obtuse (figure ii).
θ θ
fig. (i) fig. (ii)
Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube : In a thin
(capacity) tube, the free surface of the liquid becomes
curved. The forces of surface tension at the edges of
the liquid surface then acquire a vertical component.
T θ meniscus θ T
θ θ
h Bernoulli's equation and solve for the unknowns. In
r two speeds in terms of cross-sectional areas of pipes
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
The upward force by which a liquid surface is pulled
up in a capillary tube is 2πrTcos θ, and the downward
force due to the gravitational pull on the mass of
liquid in the tube is (πr2h + v)ρg, where v is the
volume above the liquid meniscus. If θ = 0º, the
meniscus is hemispherical in shape. Then v =
difference between the volume of the cylinder of
radius r and height r and the volume of the
hemisphere of radius r
2 3 1 3
= πr3 – πr = πr
3 3
When θ ≠ 0, we cannot calculate v which is generally
very small and so it may be neglected. For
equilibrium
(πr2h + v) ρg = 2πrT cos θ
When a glass capillary tube is dipper in mercury, the
obtuse. The surface tension forces now acquire a
downward component, and the level of mercury
inside the tube the falls below the level outside it. the
relation 2T cos θ = hρgr may be used to obtain the
fall in the mercury level.
Problem Solving Strategy
Bernoulli's Equations :
Bernoulli's equation is derived from the work-energy
problem-solving strategy suggested in W.E.P. also
applicable here.
Step 1: Identify the relevant concepts : First ensure
that the fluid flow is steady and that fluid is
incompressible and has no internal friction. This case
is an idealization, but it hold up surprisingly well for
fluids flowing through sufficiently large pipes and for
flows within bulk fluids (e.g., air flowing around an
airplane or water flowing around a fish).
Step 2: Set up the problem using the following steps
Always begin by identifying clearly the points 1
and 2 referred to in Bernoulli's equation.
Define your coordinate system, particular the
level at which y = 0.
Make lists of the unknown and known quantities
1 1
in Eq. p1 + ρgy1 + ρv12 = p2 + ρgy2 + ρv22
2 2
(Bernoulli's equation)
The variables are p1, p2, v1, v2, y1 and y2, and the
constants are ρ and g. Decide which unknowns
are your target variables.
Step 3: Execute the solutions as follows : Write
some problems you will need to use the continuity
equation, Eq. A1v1 = A2v2 (continuity equation,
incompressible fluid), to get a relation between the
29 DECEMBER 2011
 or containers. Or perhaps you will know both speeds F
and need to determine one of the areas. You may also
dV
need to use Eq. = Av (volume flow rate) to find
dt
F F
the volume flow rate.
Step 4: Evaluate your answer : As always, verify that
the results make physical sense. Double-check that
you have used consistent units. In SI units, pressure is F V
in pascals, density in kilograms per cubic meter, and (c) Shear strain = φ
speed in meters per second. Also note that the
pressures must be either all absolute pressure or all
gauge pressures.
φ
Properties of matter :
Shear strain
Key Concepts :
Stress : Stress-strain graph :
The restoring force setup inside the body per unit From graph, it is obvious that in elastic limit, stress is
area is known as stress. proportional to strain. This is known as Hooke's law.
Restoring forces : If the magnitude of applied ∴ Stress ∝ Strain
deforming force at equilibrium = F ∴ Stress = E .strain
F stress
Then, Stress = ∴ E=
A strain
In SI system, unit of stress is N/m2. where E is proportionality dimensional constant
Difference between pressure and stress : known as coefficient of elasticity.
(a) Pressure is scalar but stress is tensor quantity. Plastic
(b) Pressure always acts normal to the surface, but region
Breaking
stress may be normal or tangential. strength B C
(c) Pressure is compressive in nature but stress may Elastic A
Stress

be compressive or tensile. limit

Strain :
change in dimension
Strain =
original dimension
O Strain
∆L Types of coefficient of elasticity :
(a) Longitudinal strain =
L
logitudinal stress
L (a) Young's modulus = Y =
longitudinal strain
F F
F FL
Longitudinal strain is in the direction of ∴ Y= =
deforming force but lateral strain is in ∆L A∆L
A
perpendicular direction of deforming force. L
Poisson ratio :
lateral strain ∆d/D
σ= = L
longitudinal strain ∆L/L
Here ∆d = change in diameter.
∆V ∆L
(b) Volumetric strain =
V F
volumetric stress
(b) Bulk modulus = B =
volumetric strain
Compressibility = 1/B

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 30 DECEMBER 2011

 F shear stress Surface tension :
(c) Modulus of rigidity = η = =
Aφ shear strain F
T=
(d) For isothermal process, B = P. L
F Here L = length of imaginary line drawn at the
surface of liquid. and F = force acting on one side of
φ line (shown in figure)
φ
(a) Surface tension does not depend upon surface
F area.
(e) For adiabatic process, B = γP (b) When temperature increases, surface tension
decreases.
Adiabatic bulk modulus
(f) =γ (c) At critical temperature surface tension is zero.
Isothermal bulk modulus
(g) Esolid > Eliquid > Egas
F
(h) Young's modulus Y and modulus of rigidity η
exist only for solids.
(i) Bulk modulus B exist for solid, liquid and gas. L
(j) When temperature increases, coefficient of F
elasticity (Y, B, η) decreases.
1 3 9 Rise or fall of a liquid in a capillary tube :
(k) + =
B η Y
2T cos θ
(l) Y = 2(1 + σ)η h=
rρg
(m) Poisson's ratio σ is unitless and dimensionless.
Here θ = angle of contact.
1 r = radius of capillary tube
Theoretically, –1 < σ <
2
ρ = density of liquid
1 For a given liquid and solid at a given place,
Practically, 0<σ<
2 hr = constant
(n) Thermal stress = Yα∆θ Surface energy :
(o) Elastic energy stored, Surface energy density is defined as work done
1 1 1 against surface tension per unit area. It is numerically
U= × load × extension = Fx = kx2 equal to surface tension.
2 2 2
= stress × strain × volume W = work = surface tension × area
For twisting motion, (a) For a drop of radius R, W = 4πR2T
1 (b) For a soap bubble, W = 8πR2T
U= × torque × angular twist
2 Excess pressure :
1 1 2T
= τ × θ = cθ2 (a) For drop, P =
2 2 R
Elastic energy density, 4T
(b) For soap bubble, P =
1 1 R
u= × stress × strain J/m3 = Y × strain2J/m3
2 2 Viscosity :
Thermal stress = Yα∆θ and Thermal strain = α∆θ (a) Newton's law of viscous force :
Work done in stretching a wire : dv
F = – ηA
1 dy
(a) W = F∆L
2 dv
where = velocity gradient
1 dy
(b) Work done per unit volume = × stress × strain
2 A = area of liquid layer
(c) Breaking weight = breaking stress × area η = coefficient of viscosity
The unit of coefficient of viscosity in CGS is poise.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 31 DECEMBER 2011

 (b) SI unit of coefficient of viscosity Sol. Draw a horizontal line through the mercury-glycerine
= poiseuille = 10 poise. surface. This is a horizontal line in the same liquid at
rest namely, mercury. Therefore, pressure at the
(c) In the case of liquid, viscosity increases with
points A and B must be the same.
density.
(d) In the case of gas, viscosity decreases with
density. h
(e) In the case of liquid, when temperature increases,

10 cm
viscosity decreases.

(1 – h)
(f) In the case of gas, when temperature increases,
viscosity increases.
A B
Poiseuille's equation :
Pπr 4 Pressure at B
V=
8ηL = p0 + 0.1 × (1.3 × 1000) × g
where V = the volume of liquid flowing per second Pressure at A
through a capillary tube of length L and radius r = p0 + h × 800 × g + (0.1 – h) × 13.6 × 1000g
∴ p0 + 0.1 × 1300 × g
η = coefficient of viscosity
= p0 + 800gh + 1360g – 13600 × g × h
and P = pressure difference between ends of the tube ⇒ 130 = 800h + 1360 – 13600h
Stoke's law : 1230
⇒ h= = 0.096 m = 9.6 cm
The viscous force acting on a spherical body moving 12800
with constant velocity v in a viscous liquid is
F = 6πηrv 2. A liquid flows out of a broad vessel through a narrow
where r = radius of spherical body vertical pipe. How are the pressure and the velocity
of the liquid in the pipe distributed when the height
Determination of η : of the liquid level in the vessel is H from the lower
2r 2 (ρ − σ)g end of the length of the pipe is h ?
η= Sol. Let us consider three points 1, 2, 3 in the flow of
9v
water. The positions of the points are as shown in the
where r = radius of spherical body moving with figure.
constant velocity v in a viscous liquid of coefficient Applying Bernoulli's theorem to points 1, 2 and 3
of viscosity η and density ρ
and σ = density of spherical body •1
Critical velocity (v0) :
kη x
v0 = H
ρr •2 h
where k = Reynold's number for narrow tube, k ≈ 1000.
(a) For stream line motion, flow velocity v < v0. •3
2
(b) For turbulant motion, flow velocity v > v0. p0 1 2 p 1
+ v 1 + gH = + v 22 + g (h – x)
ρ 2 ρ 2
p 1
= 0 + v 32 + 0
ρ 2
Solved Examples By continuity equation
v 1A1 = A2v 2 = A2v 3
1. A vertical U-tube of uniform cross-section contains Since A1 >> A2,v1 is negligible and v2 = v3 = n (say).
mercury in both arms. A glycerine (relative density p0 p 1
1.3) column of length 10 cm is introduced into one of ∴ + gH = 2 + v2 + g (h – x)
ρ ρ 2
the arms. Oil of density 800 kg m–3 is poured into the
other arm until the upper surface of the oil and p0 1 2
= + v
glycerine are at the same horizontal level. Find the ρ 2
length of the oil column. Density of mercury is
∴ v = 2gH (i)
13.6 × 103 kg m–3.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 32 DECEMBER 2011

 p0 p = 4.99 × 10–3 cm
and + gH = 2 + gH + g (h – x)
ρ ρ Also, elastic limit for copper = 1.5 × 109 dynes/cm2
⇒ p0 + p2 + ρg (h – x) If d' is the minimum diameter, then maximum stress
⇒ p2 = p0 – ρg (h – x) (ii) F 4F
on the wire = =
Thus pressure varies with distance from the upper πd '2 / 4 πd' 2
end of the pipe according to equation (ii) and velocity
is a constant and is given by (i). 4F
Hence, = 1.5 × 109
πd' 2
3. Calculate the difference in water levels in two 4F 4 × 5.0 × 1000 × 980
communicating tubes of diameter d = 1 mm and or d'2 = 9
=
d = 1.5 mm. Surface tension of water = 0.07 Nm–1 π × 1.5 × 10 3.142 × 1.5 × 109
–4
and angle of contact between glass and water = 0º. = 41.58 × 10
2T cos θ d' = 0.0645 cm.
Sol. Pressure at A = p0 –
r2
5. A uniform horizontal rigid bar of 100 kg in supported
(Q pressure inside a curved surface is greater than
horizontally by three equal vertical wires A, B and C
that outside)
each of initial length one meter and cross-section
2T cos θ 1 mm2. B is a copper wire passing through the centre
Pressure at B = p0 –
r1 of the bar; A and C are steel wires and are arranged
1 1 symmetrically one on each side of B YCu = 1.5 × 1012
∴ pressure difference = 2T cos θ  −  dynes / cm2, Ys = 2 × 1012 dynes/cm2. Calculate the
 r1 r2  tension in each wire and extension.
Sol. The situation is shown in figure. Because the rod is
B A horizontally supported, hence extensions in all the
wires must be equal i.e., strains in all the wires are
equal as initial lengths are also equal.
Stress
As Y =
Strain

Let this pressure difference correspond to h units of C

A B
the liquid. S Cu S
1 1
Then 2T cos θ  −  = ρgh
 r1 r2  100 Kg
2T cos θ  1 1  FCu / A
⇒ h=  − 
ρg  r1 r2 
Hence, YCu =
Strain
… (1)

2 × 0.07  1 1  Fs / A
∴ h=  −3
− −3
 = 4.76 mm and Ys = … (2)
1000 × 9.8  1× 10 1.5 × 10  Strain
YCu FCu 1.5 3
4. A mass of 5 kg is suspended from a copper wire of 5 ∴ = = = or 4FCu = 3FS ...(3)
mm diameter and 2 m in length. What is the YS FS 2 4
extension produced in the wire ? What should be the According to figure, we can write
minimum diameter of the wire so that its elastic limit
2FS + FCu = 100 g or 2 × (4/3) FCu + FCu = 100 g
is not exceed ? Elastic limit for copper = 1.5 × 109
dynes/cm2. Y for copper = 1.1 × 1012 dynes/cm2. or [(8/3) + 1] FCu = 100 g
Sol. Given that Y = 1.1 × 1012 dynes/cm2, ∴ FCu = (3/11) × 100g
L = 2m = 200 cm, d = 5 mm = 0.5 cm = (3/11) × 100 Kgwt = 27.28 Kgwt
or r = d/2 = 0.25 cm, F = 5.0 × 1000 × 980 dynes. and FS = (4/3) FCu = (4/3) × (3/11) × 100g
FL = (400/11)g = 36.36 Kgwt
Y= Extension in each wire,
πr 2l
FL 5.0 × 1000 × 980 × 200 FCu L 27280 × 980 × 100
or l = = l= = = 0.178 cm
πr 2 Y 3.142 × (0.25) 2 × 1.1× 10 2 AYCu 10 − 2 × 1.5 × 1012

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 33 DECEMBER 2011

 KEY CONCEPT

Organic
Chemistry CARBOXYLIC ACID
Fundamentals

Acidity of carboxylic acids. (1.27Å) which is nearly intermediate between C O

Fatty acids are weak acids as compared to inorganic and C—O bond length values. This proves resonance
acids. The acidic character of fatty acids decreases in carboxylate anion.
with increase in molecular weight. Formic acid is the
O –
strongest of all fatty acids. O
The acidic character of carboxylic acids is due to H C H C Na+
resonance in the acidic group which imparts electron OH O
deficiency (positive charge) on the oxygen atom of
Formic acid Sodium formate
the hydroxyl group (structure II).
It is important to note that although carboxylic acids
O O– and alcohols both contain –OH group, the latter are
+
R C O H not acidic in nature. It is due to the absence of
R C O H
resonance (factor responsible for acidic character of
I II –COOH) in both the alcohols as well as in their
Non-equivalent structures (Resonance less important) corresponding ions (alkoxide ions).
R—O—H R—O– + H+
O–
Alcohol Alkoxide ion
R C O+H + (No resonance) (No resonance)
Relative acidic character of carboxylic acids with
The positive charge (electron deficiency) on oxygen
common species not having —COOH group.
atom causes a displacement of electron pair of the
O—H bond towards the oxygen atom with the result RCOOH > Ar—OH > HOH > ROH >
the hydrogen atom of the O—H group is eliminated HC CH > NH3 > RH
as proton and a carboxylate ion is formed. Effect of Substituents on acidity.
Once the carboxylate ion is formed, it is stabilised by The carboxylic acids are acidic in nature because of
means of resonance. stabilisation (i.e., dispersal of negative charge) of
O O– carboxylate ion. So any factor which can enhance the
R C R C dispersal of negative charge of the carboxylate ion
O– O will increase the acidity of the carboxylic acid and
Resonating forms of carboxylate ion (Equivalent structures)
vice versa. Thus electron-withdrawing substitutents
(Resonance more important) (like halogens, —NO2, —C6H5, etc.) would disperse
the negative charge and hence stabilise the
–
O carboxylate ion and thus increase acidity of the
R C parent acid. On the other hand, electron-releasing
O substituents would increase the negative charge,
destabilise the carboxylate ion and thus decrease
Resonance hybrid of carboxylate ion
acidity of the parent acid.
Due to equivalent resonating structures, resonance in –
carboxylate anion is more important than in the O
parent carboxylic acid. Hence carboxylate anion is X C
more stabilised than the acid itself and hence the O
equilibrium of the ionisation of carboxylic acids to The substituent X withdraws electrons, disperses negative
the right hand side. charge, stabilises the ion and hence increases acidity
RCOOH RCOO– + H+ –
O
The existence of resonance in carboxylate ion is Y C
supported by bond lengths. For example, in formic O
acid, there is one C=O double bond (1.23 Å) and one
C—O single bond (1.36Å), while in sodium formate The substituent Y releases electrons, intensifies negative
both of the carbon-oxygen bond lengths are identical charge, destabilises the ion and hence decreases acidity

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 34 DECEMBER 2011

 Now, since alkyl groups are electron-releasing, their Comparison of nucleophilic substitution (e.g.,
presence in the molecule will decrease the acidity. In hydrolysis) in acid derivatives. Let us first study the
general, greater the length of the alkyl chain, lower mechanism of such reaction.
shall be the acidity of the acid. Thus, formic acid O O
(HCOOH), having no alkyl group, is about 10 times
(i) Addition step
stronger than acetic acid (CH3COOH) which in turn R C Z + Nu R C Nu
is stronger than propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH) and
so on. Similarly, following order is observed in Z
chloro acids. O
Cl Cl (ii) Elimination step
R C Nu + Z
Cl C CO2H > Cl C CO2H (where Z= —Cl, —OCOR, —OR, —NH2 and Nu=
A nucleophile)
Cl H
Nucleophilic substitution in acid derivatives
pKa 0.70 1.48 O O OH
H H Nu H+
R C R' R C Nu R C Nu
> Cl C CO2H > H C CO2H
R' R'
H H (where R' = H or alkyl group)
pKa 2.86 4.76 Nucleophilic addition on aldehydes and ketones
Decreasing order of aliphatic acids The (i) step is similar to that of nucleophilic addition
(i) O2NCH2COOH > FCH2COOH > ClCH2COOH in aldehydes and ketones and favoured by the
> BrCH2COOH presence of electron withdrawing group (which
would stabilise the intermediate by developing
(ii) HCOOH > CH3COOH > (CH3)2 CHCOOH
negative charge) and hindered by electron-releasing
> (CH3)3CCOOH group. The (ii) step (elimination of the leaving group
(iii) CH3CH2CCl2COOH > CH3CHCl.CHCl.COOH Z) depends upon the ability of Z to accommodate
> ClCH2CHClCH2COOH electron pair, i.e., on the basicity of the leaving
group. Weaker bases are good leaving groups,
(iv) F3CCOOH > Cl3CCOOH > Br3CCOOH hence weaker a base, the more easily it is removed.
Benzoic acid is somewhat stronger than simple Among the four leaving groups (Cl–, –OCOR, –OR,
aliphatic acids. Here the carboxylate group is and –NH2) of the four acid derivatives, Cl– being the
attached to a more electronegative carbon (sp2 weakest base is eliminated most readily. The relative
hybridised) than in aliphatic acids (sp3 hybridised). order of the basic nature of the four groups is
HCOOH > C6H5COOH > CH3COOH. –
NH2 > –OR > –O.COR > Cl–
Nucleophilic substitution at acyl carbon : Hence acid chlorides are most reactive and acid
It is important to note that nucleophilic substitution amides are the least reactive towards nucleophilic
(e.g., hydrolysis, reaction with NH3, C2H5OH, etc.) in acyl substitution. Thus, the relative reactivity of acid
acid derivatives (acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters derivatives (acyl compounds) towards nucleophilic
and amides) takes place at acyl carbon atom substitution reactions is
(difference from nucleophilic substitution in alkyl ROCl > RCO.O.COR > RCOOR > RCONH2
halides where substitution takes place at alkyl carbon Acid Acid Esters Acid
atom). Nucleophilic substitution in acyl halides is chlorides anhydrides amides
faster than in alkyl halides. This is due to the
OH– being stronger base than Cl–, carboxylic acids
presence of > CO group in acid chlorides which
(RCOOH) undergo nucleophilic substitution
facilitate the release of halogen as halide ion.
(esterfication) less readily than acid chlorides.
δ–
O
δ– δ+ δ–
R C Cl R Cl
δ+
Alkyl chloride
Acid chloride

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 35 DECEMBER 2011

 KEY CONCEPT
Physical
Chemistry CHEMICAL KINETICS
Fundamentals
The temperature dependence of reaction rates :
The rate constants of most reactions increase as the
temperature is raised. Many reactions in solution fall
somewhere in the range spanned by the hydrolysis of
methyl ethanoate (where the rate constant at 35ºC is
1.82 times that at 25ºC) and the hydrolysis of sucrose
(where the factor is 4.13).
(a) The Arrhenius parameters :
It is found experimentally for many reactions that a
plot of ln k against 1/T gives a straight line. This
behaviour is normally expressed mathematically by
introducing two parameters, one representing the
intercept and the other the slope of the straight line,
and writing the Arrhenius equaion.
Ea
ln k = ln A – ......(i)
RT
The parameter A, which corresponds to the intercept
of the line at 1/T = 0(at infinite temperature, shown in
figure), is called the pre-exponential factor or the
'frequency factor'. The parameter Ea, which is
obtained from the slope of the line (–Ea/R), is called
the activation energy. Collectively the two quantities
are called the Arrhenius parameters.
ln A
Slope = –Ea/R
ln k
1/T
A plot of ln k against 1/T is a straight line when
the reaction follows the behaviour described by
the Arrhenius equation. The slope gives –Ea/R
and the intercept at 1/T = 0 gives ln A.
The fact that Ea is given by the slope of the plot of
ln k against 1/T means that, the higher the activation
energy, the stronger the temperature dependence of
the rate constant (that is, the steeper the slope). A
high activation energy signifies that the rate constant
depends strongly on temperature. If a reaction has
zero activation energy, its rate is independent of
temperature. In some cases the activation energy is
negative, which indicates that the rate decreases as
the temperature is raised. We shall see that such
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
behaviour is a signal that the reaction has a complex
mechanism.
The temperature dependence of some reactions is
non-Arrhenius, in the sense that a straight line is not
obtained when ln k is plotted against 1/T. However,
it is still possible to define an activation energy at any
temperature as
 d ln k 
Ea = RT2   .......(ii)
 dT 
This definition reduces to the earlier one (as the slope
of a straight line) for a temperature-independent
activation energy. However, the definition in eqn.(ii)
is more general than eqn.(i), because it allows Ea to
be obtained from the slope (at the temperature of
interest) of a plot of ln k against 1/T even if the
Arrhenius plot is not a straight line. Non-Arrhenius
behaviour is sometimes a sign that quantum
mechanical tunnelling is playing a significant role in
the reaction.
(b) The interpretation of the parameters :
We shall regard the Arrhenius parameters as purely
empirical quantities that enable us to discuss the
variation of rate constants with temperature;
however, it is useful to have an interpretation in mind
and write eqn.(i) as
k = Ae − E a / RT .......(iii)
To interpret Ea we consider how the molecular
potential energy changes in the course of a chemical
reaction that begins with a collision between
molecules of A and molecules of B(shown in figure).
Ea
Potential energy
Reactants
Products
Progress of reaction
A potential energy profile for an exothermic
reaction. The height of the barrier between
the reactants and products is the activation
energy of the reaction
36 DECEMBER 2011
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 37 DECEMBER 2011
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XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 38 DECEMBER 2011

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 39 DECEMBER 2011
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 40 DECEMBER 2011
 As the reaction event proceeds, A and B come into
contact, distort, and begin to exchange or discard
atoms. The reaction coordinate is the collection of
motions, such as changes in interatomic distances and
bond angles, that are directly involved in the
formation of products from reactants. (The reaction
coordinate is essentially a geometrical concept and
quite distinct from the extent of reaction.) The
potential energy rises to a maximum and the cluster
of atoms that corresponds to the region close to the
maximum is called the activated complex. After the
maximum, the potential energy falls as the atoms
rearrange in the cluster and reaches a value
characteristic of the products. The climax of the
reaction is at the peak of the potential energy, which
corresponds to the activation energy Ea. Here two
reactant molecules have come to such a degree of
closeness and distortion that a small further
distortion will send them in the direction of products.
This crucial configuration is called the transition
state of the reaction. Although some molecules
entering the transition state might revert to reactants,
if they pass through this configuration then it is
inevitable that products will emerge from the
encounter.
We also conclude from the preceding discussion that,
for a reaction involving the collision of two
molecules, the activation energy is the minimum
kinetic energy that reactants must have in order
to form products. For example, in a gas-phase
reaction there are numerous collisions each second,
but only a tiny proportion are sufficiently energetic to
lead to reaction. The fraction of collisions with a
kinetic energy in excess of an energy Ea is given by
the Boltzmann distribution as e − E a / RT . Hence, we
can interpret the exponential factor in eqn(iii) as the
fraction of collision that have enough kinetic energy
to lead to reaction.
The pre-exponential factor is a measure of the rate at
which collisions occur irrespective of their energy.
Hence, the product of A and the exponential factor,
e − E a / RT , gives the rate of successful collisions.
Kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions :
In some cases reactants can give rise to a variety of
products, as in nitrations of mono-substituted
benzene, when various proportions of the ortho-,
meta-, and para- substituted products are obtained,
depending on the directing power of the original
substituent. Suppose two products, P1 and P2, are
produced by the following competing reactions :
A + B → P1 Rate of formation of P1 = k1[A][B]
A + B → P2 Rate of formation of P2 = k2[A][B]
The relative proportion in which the two products
have been produced at a given state of the reaction
(before it has reached equilibrium) is given by the
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
ratio of the two rates, and therefore of the two rate
constants :
[P2 ] k
= 2
[P1 ] k1
This ratio represents the kinetic control over the
proportions of products, and is a common feature of
the reactions encountered in organic chemistry where
reactants are chosen that facilitate pathways
favouring the formation of a desired product. If a
reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium, then the
proportion of products is determined by
thermodynamic rather than kinetic considerations,
and the ratio of concentration is controlled by
considerations of the standard Gibbs energies of all
the reactants and products.
The kinetic isotope effect
The postulation of a plausible mechanism requires
careful analysis of many experiments designed to
determine the fate of atoms during the formation of
products. Observation of the kinetic isotope effect, a
decrease in the rate of a chemical reaction upon
replacement of one atom in a reactant by a heavier
isotope, facilitates the identification of bond-breaking
events in the rate-determining step. A primary
kinetic isotope effect is observed when the rate-
determining step requires the scission of a bond
involving the isotope. A secondary isotope effect is
the reduction in reaction rate even though the bond
involving the isotope is not broken to form product.
In both cases, the effect arises from the change in
activation energy that accompanies the replacement
of an atom by a heavier isotope on account of
changes in the zero-point vibrational energies.
First, we consider the origin of the primary kinetic
isotope effect in a reaction in which the rate-
determining step is the scission of a C–H bond. The
reaction coordinate corresponds to the stretching of
the C–H bond and the potential energy profile is
shown in figure. On deuteration, the dominant
change is the reduction of the zero-point energy of
the bond (because the deuterium atom is heavier).
The whole reaction profile is not lowered, however,
because the relevant vibration in the activated
complex has a very low force constant, so there is
little zero-point energy associated with the reaction
coordinate in either isotopomeric form of the
activated complex.
Ea(C–H)
Potential energy
C–H
C–D
Ea(C–D)
Reaction coordinate
41 DECEMBER 2011
 UNDERSTANDING
Inorganic Chemistry
1. An inorganic halide (A) gives the following Bi + NaSnO3 + H2O + 3NaCl
reactions. (G) Black ppt.
(i) The cation of (A) on raction with H2S in HCl 2Bi + 6HCl → ∆
2BiCl3 + 3H2
medium, gives a black ppt. of (B). (A) neither
gives ppt. with HCl nor blue colour with (G) (A)
K4Fe(CN)6. Hence,
(ii) (B) on heating with dil.HCl gives back (A) is BiCl3,
compound(A) and a gas (C) which gives a black (B) is Bi2S3,
ppt. with lead acetate solution. (C) is H2S,
(iii) The anion of (A) gives chromyl chloride test. (D) is Bi(NO3)2,
(iv) (B) dissolves in hot dil. HNO3 to give a solution, (E) is Bi(OH)3, (F) is BiOCl and (G) is Bi
(D). (D) gives ring test.
(v) When NH4OH solution is added to (D), a white 2. A colourless solid (A) on heating gives a white solid
precipitate (E) is formed. (E) dissolves in (B) and a colourless gas (C). (B) gives off reddish-
minimum amount of dil. HCl to give a solution of brown fumes on treating with H2SO4. On treating
(A). Aqueous solution of (A) on addition of water with NH4Cl, (B) gives a colourless gas (D) and a
gives a whitish turbidity (F). residue (E). The compound (A) on heating with
(vi) Aqueous solution of (A) on warming with (NH4)2SO4 gives a colourless gas (F) and white
alkaline sodium stannite gives a black precipitate residue (G). Both (E) and (G) impart bright yellow
of a metal (G) and sodium stannate. The metal colour to Bunsen flame. The gas (C) forms white
(G) dissolves in hydrochloride acid to give powder with strongly heated Mg metal which on
solution of (A). hydrolysis produces Mg(OH)2. The gas (D) on
Identify (A) to (G) and give balanced chemical heating with Ca gives a compound which on
equations of reactions. hydrolysis produces NH3. Identify compounds (A) to
Sol. Observation of (i) indicates that cation (A) is Bi3+ (G) giving chemical equations involved.
because it does not give ppt. with HCl nor blue Sol. The given information is as follows :
colour with K4Fe(CN)6, hence it is neither Pb2+ nor (i) A Heat
→ B + C
Cu2+. Since anion of (A) gives chromyl chloride test, Colourless Solid Colourless
hence it contains Cl– ions. Thus, (A) is BiCl3. Its Solid gas
different reactions are given below : ∆
(i) 2BiCl3 + 3H2S → Bi2S3 + 6HCl (ii) B + H2SO4 → Reddish brown gas
∆
(A) (B) (iii) B + NH4Cl → D + E
(ii) Bi2S3 + 6HCl → 3H2S + 2 BiCl3 Colourless gas
(B) (C) (A) (iv) A + (NH4)2SO4 →∆
F + G
∆
(iii) Bi2S3 + 8HNO3 → 2Bi(NO3)3 + 2NO olourless gas White
(B) (D) + 3S + 4H2O Residue
(iv) Bi(N O3)3 + 3NH4OH → (v) E and G imparts yellow colour to the flame.
(D) Bi(OH)3 ↓ + 3NH4NO3 (vi) C + Mg Heat
→ White powder
(E) White ppt.
∆
H
2O
→ Mg(OH)2
Bi(OH)3 + 3HCl → BiCl3 + 3H2O H O
(vii) D + Ca Heat
→ Compound  
2
→ NH3
Dil. (A)
Information of (v) indicates that (E) and (G) and also
BiCl3 + H2O → BiOCl + 2HCl
(A) are the salts of sodium because Na+ ions give
(A) (F)
yellow coloured flame. Observations of (ii) indicate
Bismuth oxychloride that the anion associated with Na+ in (A) may be
(White turbidity) NO3–. Thus, the compound (A) is NaNO3.
(v) BiCl3 + 2NaOH +Na2[SnO2] → The reactions involved are as follows :
(A)

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 42 DECEMBER 2011

 (i) 2NaNO3 →∆
2NaNO2 + O2 ↑ H2S + 2HNO3 → 2NO2 + 2H2O + S (D)
(A) (B) (C) (C) White turbidity
(ii) 2NaNO2 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2HNO2 CuSO4 + H2S → CuS ↓ + H2SO4
(B) Dil. (E) (B) (F)
3HNO2 → HNO3 + H2O + 2NO↑ Black ppt.
2NO + O2 → 2NO2 ↑ 3CuS + 8HNO3 →
Reddish brown Dil. 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O
Fumes Cu++ + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+
(iii) NaNO2 + NH4Cl → NaCl + N2 ↑ + 2H2O (G) Blue colour
(B) (E) (D) [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 4CH3COOH →
∆ Cu2+ + 4CH3COONH4
(iv) 2NaNO3 + (NH4)2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2NH3
Cu2+ + [Fe(CN)6]4– → Cu2[Fe(CN)6]
(A) (G) (F) (H)
2HNO3 Chocolate colour
∆ H O
(v) O2 + 2Mg → 2MgO 
2
→ Mg(OH)2 CuSO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4 ↓ + CuCl2
(C) (E) White ppt.
∆ Insuluble in HNO3
(vi) N2 + 3Ca → Ca3N2
(D) Hence,
Ca3N2 + 6H2O → 3Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3 ↑ (A) is FeS, (B) is H2S, (C) is HNO3, (D) is S,
Hence, (E) is CuSO4, (F) is CuS, (G) is [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 and
(H) is Cu2[Fe(CN)6]
(A) is NaNO3,
(B) is NaNO2,
4. (i) An inorganic compound (A) is formed on passing
(C) is O2,
a gas (B) through a concentrated liquor containing
(D) is N2, Na2S and Na2SO3.
(E) is NaCl,
(ii) On adding (A) into a dilute solution of AgNO3, a
(F) is NH3 and (G) is Na2SO4. white ppt. appears which quickly changes into
3. A black coloured compound (A) on reaction with dil. black coloured compound (C).
H2SO4 gives a gas (B) which on passing in a solution (iii) On adding two or three drops of FeCl3 into
of an acid (C) gives a white turbidity (D). Gas (B) excess of solution of (A), a violet coloured
when passed through an acidified solution of a compound (D) is formed. This colour disappears
compound (E), gives ppt.(F) which is soluble in quickly.
dilute nitric acid. After boiling this solution an excess (iv) On adding a solution of (A) into the solution of
of NH4OH is added, a blue coloured compound (G) is CuCl2, a white ppt. is first formed which dissolves
produced. To this solution, on addition of CH3COOH on adding excess of (A) forming a compound (E).
and aqueous K4[Fe(CN)6], a chocolate ppt. (H) is Identify (A) to (E) and give chemical equations for
produced. On addition of an aqueous solution of the reactions at steps (i) to (iv)
BaCl2 to aqueous solution of (E), a white ppt. Sol. (i) The compound (A) appears to be Na2S2O3 from its
insoluble in HNO3 is obtained. Identify compounds method of preparation given in the problem.
(A) to (H).
Na2S + Na2SO3 + I2 → 2NaI + Na2S2O3
Sol. From the data on compounds (G) and (H), it may be
(B) (A)
inferred that the compound (E) contains cupric ions
(Cu2+), i.e., (E) is a salt of copper. Since the addition or Na2SO3 + 3Na2S + 3SO2 → 3Na2S2O3
of BaCl2 to (E) gives a white ppt. insoluble in HNO3, (B) (A)
it may be said that the anion in the salt is sulphate ion (ii) White ppt. of Ag2S2O3 is formed which is
(SO42–). Hence, (E) is CuSO4. hydrolysed to black Ag2S
The gas (B) which is obtained by adding dil. H2SO4 Na2S2O3 + 2AgNO3 → 2NaNO3 + Ag2S2O3 ↓
to a black coloured compound (A), may be H2S since White ppt
it can cause precipitation of Cu2+ ions in acidic Ag2S2O3 + H2O → Ag2S + H2SO4
medium. The black coloured compound (A) may be (C)
ferrous sulphide (iron pyrite). (iii) A violet ferric salt is formed.
Hence, the given observation may be explained from 3Na2S2O3 + 2FeCl3 → Fe2(S2O3)3 + 6NaCl
the following equations.
(D)(violet)
Fe S + H2 SO4 → FeSO4 + H2S
(iv) 2CuCl2 + 2Na2S2O3 → 2CuCl + Na2S4O6 + 2NaCl
(A) Dil. (B)
White ppt.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 43 DECEMBER 2011

 2CuCl + Na2S2O3 → Cu2S2O3 + 2NaCl
3Cu2S2O3 + 2Na2S2O3 → Na4[Cu6(S2O3)5]
(E) SCIENCE TIPS
or 6CuCl + 5Na2S2O3 → Na4[Cu6(S2O3)5] + 6NaCl
(E)
• What is the expression for growing current, in LR
Hence,
(A) is Na2S2O3,  − t
R
circuit ? ® I = I0  1 − e L 
(B) is I2 or SO2,  
 
(C) is Ag2S,
(D) is Fe2(S2O3)3 and • What is the range of infrared spectrum ?
(E) is Na4[Cu6(S2O3)5]. ® This covers wavelengths
from 10–3 m down to 7.8 × 10–7 m
5. A white amorphous powder (A) on heating yields a • What is the nature of graph between electric field
colourless, non-combustible gas (B) and solid (C). and potential energy (U) ?
The latter compound assumes a yellow colour on ® The nature of the graph
heating and changes to white on cooling. 'C' dissolves will be parabola having
in dilute acid and the resulting solution gives a white symmetry about U-axis
precipitate on adding K4Fe(CN)6 solution.
'A' dissolves in dilute HCl with the evolution of gas, • Why no beats can be heard if the frequencies of
which is identical in all respects with 'B'. The gas 'B' the two interfering waves differ by more than ten ?
turns lime water milky, but the milkiness disappears ® this is due to persistence
with the continuous passage of gas. The solution of of hearing
'A', as obtained above, gives a white precipitate (D) • Why heating systems based on steam are more
on the addition of excess of NH4OH and and passing efficient than those based on circulation of hot
H2S. Another portion of the solution gives initially a water ? ® This is because steam
white precipitate (E) on the addition of sodium has more heat than water
hydroxide solution, which dissolves on futher a the same temperature
addition of the base. Identify the compounds A, B, D
and E. [IIT-1979] • Can the specific heat of a gas be infinity ? ® Yes
∆
Sol. (i) ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2 • What is the liquid ascent formula for a capillary ?
(A) (B) 2T cos θ r
®h= –
(ii) ZnO + 2HCl → H2O + ZnCl2 γpg 3
(C) (soluble) where h is the height through
(iii) 2ZnCl2 + K4[Fe(CN)6] which a liquid of density ρ and
→ 4KCl + Zn2[Fe(CN)6]↓ surface tension T rises in a
(white ppt) capillary tube of radius r
(iv) ZnCO3 + HCl → CO2 + ZnCl2
• What is the expression for total time of flight (T)
(A) (soluble)
2u sin θ
(v) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O for oblique projection ? ®T=
g
(B) (Milky)
(vi) CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2 • The space charge limited current iP in the diode
value is given by ® iP = k Vp3/2
(soluble)
(vii) ZnCl2 + H2S  4 NH OH
→ 2HCl + ZnS↓ • What is an ideal gas ? ® An ideal gas is one in
(white) which intermolecular
forces are absent
(viii) ZnCl2 + 2NaOH → 2NaCl + Zn(OH)2↓
(white) • Can a rough sea be calmed by pouring oil on its
(ix) Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2 surface ? ® Yes
sod. ziniate • What is the expression for fringe width (β) in
(soluble) Young's double slit experiment? ® β=Dλ/d where
D is the distance between the
source and screen and d is
distance between two slits

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 44 DECEMBER 2011

 Set

`tà{xÅtà|vtÄ V{tÄÄxÇzxá 8
This section is designed to give IIT JEE aspirants a thorough grinding & exposure to variety
of possible twists and turns of problems in mathematics that would be very helpful in facing
IIT JEE. Each and every problem is well thought of in order to strengthen the concepts and
we hope that this section would prove a rich resource for practicing challenging problems and
enhancing the preparation level of IIT JEE aspirants.
By : Shailendra Maheshwari
Solutions will be p ublished in next issue Joint Director Academics, Career Point, Kota

1. Show that the six planes through the middle point of 1

each edge of a tetrahedron perpendicular to the
opposite edge meet in a point.
8. ∫
If n ≥ 2 and In = (1 − x 2 ) n cos mx dx, then show that
−1
m2In = 2n(2n – 1) In–1 – 4n(n – 1) In–2.
2. Prove that if the graph of the function y = f (x),
defined throughout the number scale, is symmetrical 9. Find the sum to infinite terms of the series
about two lines x = a and x = b, (a < b), then this 3 5 7 9 11
function is a periodic one. + + + + + ........ ∞
4 36 144 400 900
3. Show that an equilateral triangle is a triangle of 10. ABC is a triangle inscribed in a circle. Two of its
maximum area for a given perimeter and a triangle of sides are parallel to two given straight lines. Show
minimum perimeter for a given area. that the locus of foot of the perpendicular from the
centre of the circle on to the third side is also a circle,
4. Let az2 + bz + c be a polynomial with complex
concentric to the given circle.
coefficients such that a and b are non zero. Prove
that the zeros of this polynomial lie in the region
|z|≤
b
+
c MEMORABLE POINTS
a b
• The vector relation between linear velocity and
5. An isosceles triangle with its base parallel to the → → →
x2 y2 angular velocity is ® v =ω× r
major axis of the ellipse + = 1 is
a2 b2 • In the case of uniform circular motion the angle between
circumscribed with all the three sides touching the → → →
ω and r is always ® 90º(hence | v | = ωr
ellipse. Find the least possible area of the triangle.
• The relation between Faraday constant F, Avogadro
6. If one of the straight lines given by the equation number N and the electronic charge e is ® F = Ne
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 coincides with one of those
given by a′x2 + 2h′xy + b′y2 = 0 and the other lines • Depolariser used in Lechlanche cell is
represented by them be perpendicular, show that ® Manganese dioxide
ha´b´ h´ab´
= • The absorption or evolution of heat at a junction of
b´− a´ b−a
two dissimilar metals when a current is passed is
7. Prove that known as ® Peltier effect
 n  m  n   m + 1  n  m + 2 • The part of the human ear where sound is transduced
    +     +     + .........
0 n  1   n   2  n  is the ® Cochlea
.... to (n + 1) terms • Similar trait resulting from similar selection pressure
 n  m  n  m  n  m acting on similar gene pool is termed
=     +     2 +     22 + ........
 0  0  1  1   2  2  ® Parallel evolution
..... to (n + 1) terms • Group of related species with the potential, directly
or indirectly, of forming fertile hybrids with one
another is called ® Coenospecies

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 45 DECEMBER 2011

 MATHEMATICAL CHALLENGES
SOLUTION FOR NOVEMBER ISSUE (SET # 7)

3. The line PQ always passes through (α, β) so it is

1. Let the line be y = 2x + c
y –β = m(x – α)
 9 − c 9 + 2c  Let the circle be x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky = 0
Point A  , 
 6 3  Joint equation of OP and OQ.
 2c − 3 + c − 6  ( y − mx)
Point B  ,  x2 + y2 – 2 (hx + ky) =0
 −3 −3  β − mα
 c + 6 5c + 12  P
Point C  , 
 3 3 
1  2c − 3 c + 6  O
mid point of B & C is .  + ,
2  −3 3  (h,k)
1  − c + 6 5c + 12   9 − c 2c + 9 
 +  =  , Q
2 +3 3   6 3 
which is point A, so AB and AC are equal.  2k  2  h − mk   2hn  2
1 −  y – 2   xy + 1 +  x = 0
A  β − mα   β − mα   β − mα 
It must represent y2 – x2 = 0
2. b h − mk
a so = 0 ⇒ m = h/k ...(1)
β − mα
C 2k 2hm
B D and 1– = –1 –
β − mα β − mα
1 AB 1 AC ⇒ β – mα – 2k = –β + mα – 2hm
a +b = . + .
AB AB AC AC ⇒ –β + mα + k – hm = 0
1 1 ⇒ –β + k + h/k(α – h) = 0 (using (1) in it)
= AB + AC
AB2 AC 2 ⇒ k2 – βy + αh – h2 = 0 so required locus is
1 1 x2 – y2 – αx + βy = 0
= (AD + DB) + (AD + DC)
AB 2 AC 2  π π
4. As |f (x)| ≤ |tan x| for ∀ x ∈  − , 
 1 1  DB DC  2 2
=  +  AD + +
 AB 2 2
AC  BD.DC CD.CB so f (0) = 0
so |f (x) – f (0)| ≤ |tan x|
 1 1   DB DC  1 divides both sides by |x|
=  2
+ 2
 AD +  + 
 BC
 AB AC   BD CD  f ( x ) − f ( 0) tan x
⇒ ≤
 1 1  x x
= AD .  + 
 BD.DC CD.CB  f ( x ) − f ( 0) tan x
⇒ lim ≤ lim
AD  1 1  x →0 x x →0 x
= . + 
CD  BD CD  ⇒ |f (0)| ≤ 1
1 1 1
AD DC + BD ⇒ a1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + a n ≤ 1
= . 2 3 n
BC BD.CD
n
ai
=
AD
BD.CD
=
AD
2
=
AD 1
.
AD AD
⇒ ∑i ≤1
AD i =1
1
so it is vector along AB with magnitude . 5. Let the number is xyz, here x < y and z < y.
AD Let y = n, then x can be filled in (n – 1) ways.
1 (i.e. from 1 to (n – 1)) and z can be filled in n ways
|a +b | =
AD (i.e. from 0 to (n – 1))

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 46 DECEMBER 2011

 here 2 ≤ n ≤ 9 3 (tan A . tan B . tan C)1/3
so total no. of 3 digit numbers with largest middle and for a triangle tan A + tan B + tan C
digit = tan A . tan B . tan C
9 9 9 so (tan A . tan B . tan C)2/3 ≥ 3
= ∑
n=2
n(n − 1) = ∑n=2
n2 – ∑n
n=2
⇒ tan A . tan B . tan C ≥ 3 3
⇒ tan2A + tan2B + tan2C
9.10.19 9.10
= – ≥ 3(tan A. tan B tan C)2/3 ≥ 3.3
6 2
a2 b2 c2
= 285 – 45 = 240 so from (1), 2 + 2 + 2 ≥ 144.
240 r1 r2 r3
required probability =
9 × 10 × 10
8. Z1, Z2, Z3 are centroids of equilateral triangles ACX,
8 ABY and BCZ respectively.
=
30 Z − Z A iπ/6
4 Z1 – ZA = (ZC – ZA) 1 e
= ZC − ZA
15
ZA x
6. The region bounded by the curve y = log2(2 – x) and the
inequality (x – |x|)2 + (y – |y|)2 ≤ 4 is required area is A Z1
y
Z2
(–1,log23)
B C
ZB ZC
Z3

(–1,0) (1,0) z
(3/2,–1)
(0,–1) 1  3 i 
Z1 – ZA = (ZC – ZA) + ...(1)
1 0 3  2 2 
1
∫ log ∫ (2 − 2
y
= 2 (2 − x) dx + ) dy + π similarly,
4
−1 −1
1  3 i 
2 1 π Z2 – ZA = (ZB – ZA) − ...(2)
= log 2 3 − + 2 log 2 3 + 2 – + 3  2 2 
ln 2 2ln2 4
1 i
e2 e π So, Z1 – Z2 = (ZC – ZB) + (ZC + ZB – 2ZA)
= – log2 +2+ sq units 2 2 3
27 4 ...(3)
A 1
similarly Z2 – Z3 = (ZA – ZC)
2
F E i
7. + (ZA + ZC – 2ZB) ..(4)
M 2 3
To prove ∆xyz as equilateral triangle, we prove that
B C (Z3 – Z2)eiπ/3 = Z1 – Z2
D
1
So, (Z3 – Z2)eiπ/3 = ( (ZC – ZA)
2
∠BMC = 2∠BAC = 2∠BMD 1
i 3 
BD BC BC a – (ZA + ZC – 2ZB))  + i
so tan A = = = = 2 3 2 2 
MD 2MD 4r1 4r1  
1 i
a2 = (ZC – ZB) + (ZC + ZB – 2ZA)
so = tan2A 2 2 3
r12
= Z1 – Z2
a2 b2 c2
so + +
r12 r22 r32
= 16 (tan A + tan2B + tan2C)
2
...(1)
Now as tan A + tan B + tan C ≥

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 47 DECEMBER 2011

 a
1 − r cos u
9. Tr = 2 ∫ 1 − 2r cos u + r 2
du. ...(1) FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
a
0
OF AIR
1 − 2r cos u + r 2 − r 2 + 1
= ∫
0
1 − 2r cos u + r 2
du

a
 1− r2 
= ∫
1 +
 1 − 2r cos u + r 2
0
 du


= a + (1 – r2) ×
a
sec 2 u / 2
∫ (1 + r
0
2
)(1 + tan 2 u / 2) − 2r (1 − tan 2 u / 2)
a
sec 2 u / 2
= a + (1 – r2) ∫ (1 + r )
0
2
tan 2 u / 2 + (1 − r ) 2
a
1− r2 sec 2 u / 2 du
=a+
(1 + r ) 2 ∫ (1 − r ) 2
Did you know that the air we breathe isn’t just
0 tan 2 u / 2 + oxygen, infact it’s made up of a number of different
(1 + r ) 2 gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide,
Let tan u/2 = t
argon, neon and many others. Each of these
tan a / 2
1− r2 2 dt gases carry useful properties so separating them
so, Tr = a +
(1 + r ) 2 ∫ 1− r
2
from the air around us is extremely beneficial.
0 t2 +
1+ r The process is called fractional distillation and
tan a / 2
2(1 − r ) 1 + r  −1  1 + r
2
 consists of two steps, the first relies on cooling the
=a+  tan  t 
air to a very low temperature (i.e. converting it into
(1 + r ) 2 1 − r   1− r  0
a liquid), the second involves heating it up thus
2(1 + r )(r − 1) π
Now lim Tr = a – = a–π allowing each gas within the mixture to evaporate at
r →1 + (1 + r )(r − 1) 2
its own boiling point. The key to success here is that
2(1 − r )(r + 1) π every element within air has its own unique boiling
and lim Tr = a + = a+π
r →1+ (1 + r )(r − 1) 2 temperature. As long as we know these boiling
a
temperatures we know when to collect each gas.
and (from (1)) T1 = ∫ du = a
0 So what are the real world benefits of separating
Hence lim Tr, T1, lim Tr form an A.P. with and extracting these gases? Well liquid oxygen is
r →1+ r →1−
used to power rockets, oxygen gas is used in
common difference π.
breathing apparatus, nitrogen is used to make
10. Let α, β, γ be the three real roots of the equation fertilizers, the nitric acid component of nitrogen is
without loss of generality, it can be assumed that
used in explosives.
α ≤ β ≤ γ. so
x2 + ax2 + bx + c = (x – γ) (x2 + (a + γ) x + (γ2 + aγ + b)) The other gases all have their own uses too, for
where – γ (γ2 + aγ + b) = c, as γ is the root of given example argon is used to fill up the empty space in
equation, so x2 + (a + γ) x + (γ2 + aγ + b) = 0 must most light bulbs (thanks to its unreactive nature).
have two roots i.e. α and β. So its discriminant is non Carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers and is
negative, thus
great for putting out fires in burning liquids and
(γ + a)2 – 4(γ2 + aγ + b) ≥ 0 ⇒ 3γ2 + 2aγ – a2 + 4b ≤ 0
electrical fires. There really are too many uses to list
− a + 2 a 2 − 3b
so γ ≤ but suffice it to say that fractional distillation is an
3
extremely useful process for humans the world
so greatest root is also less than or equal to
over.
− a + 2 a 2 − 3b
.
3

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 48 DECEMBER 2011

 Students' Forum
Expert’s Solution for Question asked by IIT-JEE Aspirants
MATHS
1. A man parks his car among n cars standing in a row, The line of intersection OC of the planes OAC and
his car not being parked at an end. On his return he OBC, i.e., y + z = 0 & x + y = 0, is given by x = – y = z,
finds that exactly m of the n cars are still there. What x–0 y–0 z–0
is the probability that both the cars parked on two i.e., = = . ...(ii)
1 –1 1
sides of his car, have left?
The line of intersection OB of the planes OBC and
Sol. Clearly, his car is at one of the crosses (×).
OAB, i.e., x + y = 0 and z + x = 0, is given by
|× × × . . . × × ×| – x = y = z,
The number of the ways in which the remaining
x–0 y–0 z–0
m–1 cars can take their places (excluding the car of i.e., = = . ...(iii)
the man) = n–1Cm–1 {Q there are n – 1 places for the –1 1 1
m – 1 cars}. The number of ways in which the The line BC is the intersection of the planes
remaining m – 1 cars can take places keeping the two O (0,0,0)
places on two sides of his car vacant = n–3Cm–1 1,1,–1 P
∴ the required probability A
n –3
n( E ) C m –1 C
= = n –1
n( S ) C m –1
(0,0,a)
(n – 3) ! (m – 1) ! (n – m) !
= ×
(m – 1)!(n – m – 2) ! (n – 1) ! Q
1,–1,0
(n – m)(n – m – 1) B
= .
(n – 1)(n – 2) x + y = 0 and x + y + z = a
⇒ y = – x, z = a
2. Show that the shortest distance between any two x y z–a
opposite edges of the tetrahedron formed by the ⇒ = = . ...(iv)
1 –1 0
planes y + z = 0, z + x = 0, x + y = 0 and x + y + z = a
2a Similarly, CA has the equations
is . y + z = 0, x + y + z = a
6
x–a y z
Sol. Clearly, the planes y + z = 0, z + x = 0 and x + y = 0 ⇒ = = ...(v)
pas through the origin O(0, 0, 0,). 0 1 –1
O AB has the equation z + x = 0, x + y + z = a
x y–a z
⇒ = =
–1 0 1
C
Let PQ be the shortest distance between OA and BC,
A and its line has the direction cosines l, m, n.
Then using perpendicularity, l .1 + m. 1 + n . (–1) = 0
B
and l . 1 + m (–1) + n . 0 = 0
The line of intersection OA of the planes OAC and
OAB, ⇒ l + m – n = 0 and l – m = 0
i.e., y + z = 0 and z + x = 0, l m n l2 + m2 + n2 1
⇒ = = = = .
is given by x = y = – z, i.e., 1 1 2 2 2 2 6
1 +1 + 2
x–0 y–0 z–0
= = . ...(i)
1 1 –1

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 49 DECEMBER 2011

 1 1 2 ( y '– x' ) 2 1 y '–x'
∴ l= ,m= ,n= . + + + =1
6 6 6 2 4 2
∴ the shortest distance PQ 1 1 1
= projection of OC on the line PQ or {(x' + y')2 + (y' – x')2} + + (y' – x' – x' – y')
2 2 2
= |(x2 – x1) l + (y2 – y1)m + (z2 – z1)n| 3 3
+ 3(y'2 – x'2) – + . 2x' = 1
1 1 2 2a 2 2
= ( 0 – 0) + (0 – 0) + ( a – 0) =
6 6 6 6
or x'2 + y'2 – 2 x' + 3y'2 – 3x'2 + 3 2 x' = 2
Similarly, other shortest distances between opposite
edges are or 4y'2 – 2x'2 + 2 2 x' = 2

1 2 2 2a or x'2 – 2y'2 – 2 x' + 1 = 0

(0 – 0) + ( a – 0) + (0 – 0) ' i.e., '
6 6 6 6 ∴ the changed equation of the locus is
(obtained by dropping dashes)
2 1 1 2a
and (a – 0) + (0 – 0) + (0 – 0) ' i.e., . x2 – 2y2 – 2 x + 1 = 0.
6 6 6 6
Hence, the problem. 4. A wheel with diameter AB touches the horizontal
ground at A. The rod BC is fixed at B, ABC being
3. Find the changed equation of the locus x2 + 6xy + y2 = 1 vertical. A man from a point P on the ground at a
when the lines x + y = 0 and x – y + 1 = 0 are taken as distance d from A, finds that the angle of elevation of
the new x and y axes respectively. C is α. The wheel turns about the fixed centre O of
Sol. Here the lines x + y = 0 and x – y + 1 = 0 are the wheel such that C turns away from the man and
perpendicular to each other. its angle of elevation is β when it is about to
disappear. Find PC when C is about to disappear.
x – y +1
So, take x' = ...(i) Sol. When C is about to disappear, let it be at C' and then
12 + (–1) 2 PC' touches the wheel at Q.
C' C
x– y
and y' = ...(ii)
12 + 12
From (i), x – y + 1 = 2 x' ...(iii)
B Q
From (ii), x + y = 2 y' ...(iv) B'

(iii) + (iv) ⇒ 2x + 1 = 2 ( x'+ y ' ) Ο

A'
x'+ y ' 1 β/2 β α
∴ x= –
2 2 Α d P
From the question, we have to find PC'.
(iv) – (iii) ⇒ 2y – 1 = 2 (y' – x')
Clearly, PQ = PA = d and OC' = OC = AC – r,
y '–x' 1 r being the radius of the wheel.
∴ y= +
2 2 AC
In the ∆CAP, tan α = ; ∴ AC = d tan α
∴ Putting these in the equation of the locus, we get d
 x'+ y ' 1 
2
 x'+ y ' 1 
2
 y '–x' 1  ∴ OC + r = d tan α; ∴ OC' = d tan α – r
 –  + 6 –   + 
 2 2  2 2  2 2 ∴ C'Q = OC' 2 –OQ 2 = (d tan α – r ) 2 – r 2
2
 y '– x' 1  ∴ PC' = PQ + C'Q = d + (d tan α – r ) 2 – r 2 ...(i)
+  +  = 1
 2 2 Also, from the ∆OAP,
( x'+ y ' ) 2 1 x'+ y ' β r β
or + – tan = ; ∴ r = d tan .
2 4 2 2 d 2
β
 y ' 2 – x' 2 1 1  ∴ PC' = d + d 2 tan 2 α – 2d tan α . d tan
+ 6 – + ( x'+ y '– y '+ x' ) 2
 2 4 2 2 

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 50 DECEMBER 2011

 {from (i)} 1
Putting 1 + = z,
 β  x4
= d 1 + tan 2 α – 2 tan α. tan 
 2  –4 dx 1
5
dx = dz, i.e., 5
=– dz
x x 4
 β 
= d 1 + tan α. 1 – 2 cot α . tan  . 1 –1 1 –3 / 4
 2  ∴ I= ∫z 3/ 4
.
4
dz = –
4
z ∫dz

2 1
n
 c 
5. If n ∈ N and ck = Ck find the value ofn

k =1
k . k  .
 c k –1 
∑ 3
=–
1
.
4 1
+c
z4

n 4
ck Ck n! (k – 1) !(n – k + 1) !
Sol. = n
= . 1
1
ck –1 C k –1 k !( n – k ) ! n!  1 4
= – z4 + c = – 1 + 4  + c
n – k +1  x 
=
k 1

n 2 n 2 (1 + x 4 ) 4
 ck   n – k +1 =– + c.
∴ ∑ k . c
k =1
3
 =

k –1 
∑ k .
k =1
3
k


x
(b) Here we have second and third roots of x.
n
= ∑ k (n – k + 1)
k =1
2
The LCM of 2 and 3 = 6
So, Put x = z6; then dx = 6z5 dz
n
= ∑ k{(n + 1)
k =1
2
– 2(n + 1)k + k 2 } ∴ I= ∫z 3
z3
+ z2
. 6z5dz

n n n
z6
= (n + 1)2 ∑
k =1
k – 2(n + 1) ∑
k =1
k2 + ∑
k =1
k3 =6 ∫ z +1
dz

n(n + 1)(2n + 1) ( z 6 – 1) + 1
= (n + 1) .
n(n + 1)
2
2
– 2(n + 1) .
6
=6 ∫ z +1
dz

n 2 (n + 1) 2 ( z 3 + 1)( z 3 – 1) dz
+
4
= 6 ∫ z +1
dz + 6 ∫ z +1
=
n(n + 1) 2 
2
2 n
.(n + 1) – (2n + 1) + 
3 2
∫
= 6 ( z 2 – z + 1)( z 3 – 1) dz +6log(1 + z)

= 6 ∫ (z 5
– z 4 + z 3 – z 2 + z – 1) dz + 6log (1 + z)
n(n + 1) 2 6(n + 1) – 4(2n + 1) + 3n
= .
2 6  z6 z5 z 4 z3 z 2 
1 =6 – + – + – z  + 6 log (1+z)+ c
= n(n + 1) 2 . (n + 2)  6 5 4 3 2 
12
6 5/ 6 3
dx =x– x + x 2 / 3 – 2x1/2 + 3x1/3 – 6x1/6
6. Evaluate (a) ∫x 2
(1 + x 4 ) 3 / 4
5 2
+ 6 log (1 + x1/6) + c
x
(b) ∫ x +3 x
dx

dx
Sol. (a) I = ∫  1 
3/ 4
x 2 .x 3  4 + 1
x 
1 dx
= ∫ 1 
3/ 4
.
x5
.
1 + 4 
 x 

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 51 DECEMBER 2011

 MATHS MONOTONICITY,
MAXIMA & MINIMA
Mathematics Fundamentals

Monotonic Functions : or negative according as f (x) is monotonic increasing

A function f (x) defined in a domain D is said to be or decreasing at x = a.
(i) Monotonic increasing : So at x = a, function f (x) is
 x < x 2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) ≤ f ( x 2 ) monotonic increasing ⇔ f ´(a) > 0
⇔  1 ∀ x1, x2 ∈ D
 x1 > x 2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) ≥ f ( x 2 ) monotonic decreasing ⇔ f ´(a) < 0
y (ii) In an interval : In [a, b], f (x) is
y
monotonic increasing ⇔ f '(x) ≥ 0
monotonic decreasing ⇔ f '(x) ≤ 0 ∀ x ∈ (a, b)
constant ⇔ f '(x) = 0
x x Note :
O O
(i) In above results f ´(x) should not be zero for all
 x < x 2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) >/ f ( x 2 ) values of x, otherwise f (x) will be a constant
i.e., ⇔  1 ∀ x1, x2 ∈ D
 x1 > x 2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) </ f ( x 2 ) function.
(ii) Monotonic decreasing : (ii) If in [a, b], f ´(x) < 0 at least for one value of x
and f ´(x) > 0 for at least one value of x, then f (x)
 x < x 2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) ≥ f ( x 2 ) will not be monotonic in [a, b].
⇔  1 ∀ x1, x2 ∈ D
 x1 > x 2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) ≤ f ( x 2 ) Examples of monotonic function :
y y If a functions is monotonic increasing (decreasing ) at
every point of its domain, then it is said to be
monotonic increasing (decreasing) function.
In the following table we have example of some
monotonic/not monotonic functions
x x
O O Monotonic Monotonic Not
increasing decreasing monotonic
 x < x 2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) </ f ( x 2 )
i.e., ⇔  1 ∀ x1, x2 ∈ D x3 1/x, x > 0 x2
 x1 > x 2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) >
/ f ( x2 )
x|x| 1 – 2x |x|
A function is said to be monotonic function in a ex
e –x
ex + e–x
domain if it is either monotonic increasing or
monotonic decreasing in that domain. log x log2x sin x
Note : If x1 < x2 ⇒ f (x1) < f (x2) ∀ x1, x2 ∈ D, then sin h x cosec h x, x > 0 cos h x
f (x) is called strictly increasing in domain D and [x] cot h x, x > 0 sec h x
similarly decreasing in D.
Method of testing monotonicity : Properties of monotonic functions :
(i) At a point : A function f (x) is said to be If f (x) is strictly increasing in some interval, then in
monotonic increasing (decreasing) at a point x = a of that interval, f – 1 exists and that is also strictly
its domain if it is monotonic increasing (decreasing) increasing function.
in the interval (a – h, a + h) where h is a small If f (x) is continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in
positive number. Hence we may observer that if f (x) (a, b), then
is monotonic increasing at x = a then at this point f ´(c) ≥ 0 ∀ c ∈ (a, b) ⇒ f (x) is monotonic increasing
tangent to its graph will make an acute angle with in [a, b]
x-axis where as if the function is monotonic
decreasing there then tangent will make an obtuse f ´(c) ≥ 0 ∀ c ∈ (a, b) ⇒ f (x) is monotonic
angle with x-axis. Consequently f ´(a) will be positive decreasing in [a, b]

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 52 DECEMBER 2011

 If both f (x) and g (x) are increasing (or decreasing) in Least value = min. {f (a), f (b), f (c)}
[a, b] and gof is defined in [a, b], then gof is where x = c is a point such that f´(c) = 0.
increasing.
If a continuous function has only one maximum
If f (x) and g (x) are two monotonic functions in [a, b] (minimum) point, then at this point function has
such that one is increasing and other is decreasing its greatest (least) value.
then gof, it is defined, is decreasing function.
Monotonic functions do not have extreme points.
Maximum and Minimum Points :
Conditions for maxima and minima of a function
The value of a function f (x) is said to be maximum at
Necessary condition : A point I = a is an extreme
x = a if there exists a small positive number δ such
point of a function f (x) if f ´(a) = 0, provided f ´(a)
that f (a) > f (x)
exists. Thus if f ´(a) exists, then
y
x = a is an extreme point ⇒ f ´(a) = 0 or
f ´(a) ≠ 0 ⇒ x = a is not an extreme point
But its converse is not true i.e.
f ´(a) = 0 ⇒ / x = a is an extreme point.
For example if f (x) = x3, then f ´(0) = 0 but x = 0 is
x
O (a) (b) (c) not an extreme point.
Also then the point x = a is called a maximum point Sufficient condition : For a given function f (x), a
for the function f (x). point x = a is
Similarly the value of f (x) is said to be minimum at x = b a maximum point if f ´(a) = 0 and f´´(a) < 0
if there exists a small positive number δ such that a minimum point if f´(I) = 0 and f ´´(a) > 0
f (b) < f (x) ∀ x ∈ (b – δ, b + δ) not an extreme point if f ´(a) = 0 = f ´´(a) and
Also then the point x = b is called a minimum point f ´´´(a) ≠ 0.
for f (x) Note : If f ´(a) = 0, f ´´(a) = 0, f ´´´(a) = 0 then the
Hence we find that : sign of f(4)(a) will determine the maximum or
minimum point as above.
(i) x = a is a maximum point of f (x)
Working Method :
 f ( a ) – f (a + h) > 0
⇔  Find f ´(x) and f ´´(x).
 f ( a ) – f (a – h) > 0 Solve f ´(x) = 0. Let its roots be a, b, c, ...
(ii) x = b is a minimum point of f(x) Determine the sign of f ´´(x) at x = a, b, c, .... and
 f (b) – f (b + h) > 0 decide the nature of the point as mentioned above.
⇔  Properties of maxima and minima :
 f (b) – f (b – h) > 0
If f (x) is continuous function, then
(iii) x = c is neither a maximum point nor a minimum
point Between two equal values of f (x), there lie atleast
one maxima or minima.
 f (c ) – f (c + h )  Maxima and minima occur alternately. For example
 
⇔  and  have opposite signs. if x = –1, 2, 5 are extreme points of a continuous
 f (c ) – f (c – h )  function and if x = –1 is a maximum point then x = 2
 
will be a minimum point and x = 5 will be a
Where h is a very small positive number. maximum point.
Note : When x passes a maximum point, the sign of dy/dx
The maximum and minimum points are also changes from + ve to – ve, where as when x passes
known as extreme points. through a minimum point, the sign of f ´(x) changes
A function may have more than one maximum from –ve to + ve.
and minimum points. If there is no change in the sign of dy/dx on two sides
A maximum value of a function f (x) in an of a point, then such a point is not an extreme point.
interval [a, b] is not necessarily its greatest value If f (x) is maximum (minimum) at a point x = a, then
in that interval. Similarly a minimum value may 1/f (x), [f (x) ≠ 0] will be minimum (maximum) at that
not be the least value of the function. A minimum point.
value may be greater than some maximum value If f (x) is maximum (minimum) at a point x = a, then for
for a function.
any λ ∈ R, λ + f (x), log f (x) and for any k > 0, k f (x),
The greatest and least values of a function f (x) in
an interval [a, b] may be determined as follows : [f (x)]k are also maximum (minimum) at that point.
Greatest value = max. {f (a), f (b), f (c)}

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 53 DECEMBER 2011

 MATHS
FUNCTION
Mathematics Fundamentals

Definition of a Function : f + g, f – g, fg, f /g, fog

Let A and B be two sets and f be a rule under which and they are defined as follows :
every element of A is associated to a unique element
(f + g) (x) = f (x) + g(x)
of B. Then such a rule f is called a function from A to
B and symbolically it is expressed as (f – g) (x) = f (x) – g(x)

f :A→B (f g) (x) = f (x) f (g)

or f
A → B (f /g) (x) = f (x)/g(x) (g(x) ≠ 0)

Function as a Set of Ordered Pairs (fog) (x) = f [g(x)]

Every function f : A → B can be considered as a set Formulae for domain of functions :

of ordered pairs in which first element is an element Df ± g = Df ∩ Dg
of A and second is the image of the first element.
Thus Dfg = Df ∩ Dg

f = {a, f (a) /a ∈ A, f (a) ∈ B}. Df/g = Df ∩ Dg ∩ {x |g(x) ≠ 0}

Domain, Codomain and Range of a Function : Dgof = {x ∈ Df | f(x) ∈ Dg}

If f : A → B is a function, then A is called domain of D = Df ∩ {x |f (x) ≥ 0}
f
f and B is called codomain of f. Also the set of all
images of elements of A is called the range of f and it Classification of Functions
is expressed by f (A). Thus
1. Algebraic and Transcendental Functions :
f (A) = {f (a) |a ∈ A}
Algebraic functions : If the rule of the function
obviously f (A) ⊂ B. consists of sum, difference, product, power or
roots of a variable, then it is called an algebraic
Note : Generally we denote domain of a function f by
function.
Df and its range by Rf.
Transcendental Functions : Those functions
Equal Functions : which are not algebraic are named as
Two functions f and g are said to be equal functions transcendental or non algebraic functions.
if 2. Even and Odd Functions :
domain of f = domain of g Even functions : If by replacing x by – x in f (x)
there in no change in the rule then f (x) is called
codomain of f = codomain of g
an even function. Thus
f (x) = g(x) ∀ x. f (x) is even ⇔ f (– x) = f (x)
Algebra of Functions : Odd function : If by replacing x by – x in f (x)
If f and g are two functions then their sum, there is only change of sign of f (x) then f (x) is
difference, product, quotient and composite are called an odd function. Thus
denoted by
f (x) is odd ⇔ f (– x) = – f (x)

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 54 DECEMBER 2011

3. Explicit and Implicit Functions : Function Period
Explicit function : A function is said to be sin x, cos x, sec x, cosec x, 2π
explicit if its rule is directly expressed (or can be
expressed( in terms of the independent variable.
tan x, cot x π
Such a function is generally written as sinnx, cosn x, secn x, cosecn x 2π if n is odd
y = f (x), x = g(y) etc. π if n is even
Implicit function : A function is said to be tann x, cotnx π∀n∈N
implicit if its rule cannot be expressed directly in
terms of the independent variable. Symbolically |sin x|, |cos x|, |sec x|, |cosec x| π
we write such a function as
|tan x|, |cot x|, π
f (x, y) = 0, φ(x, y) = 0 etc.
|sin x| + |cos x|, sin4x + cos4x π
4. Continuous and Discontinuous Functions : 2
|sec x| + |cosec x|
Continuous functions : A functions is said to be
|tan x| + |cot x| π
continuous if its graph is continuous i.e. there is
2
no gap or break or jump in the graph.
Discontinuous Functions : A function is said to
x – [x] 1
be discontinuous if it has a gap or break in its Period of f (x) = T ⇒ period of f (ax + b)= T/|a|
graph atleast at one point. Thus a function which
is not continuous is named as discontinuous. Period of f1(x) = T1, period of f2(x) = T2

5. Increasing and Decreasing Functions : ⇒ period of a f1(x) + bf2(x) ≤ LCM {T1, T2}

Increasing Functions : A function f (x) is said to

Kinds of Functions :
be increasing function if for any x1, x2 of its
domain One-one/ Many one Functions :

x1 < x2 ⇒ f (x1) ≤ f (x2) A function f : A → B is said to be one-one if

different elements of A have their different
or x1 > x2 ⇒ f (x1) ≥ f (x2)
images in B.
Decreasing Functions : A function f (x) is said to
Thus
be decreasing function if for any x1, x2 of its
domain  a≠b ⇒ f (a) ≠ f (b)

f is one-one ⇔  or
x1 < x2 ⇒ f (x1) ≥ f(x2)
 f (a) = f (b) ⇒ a=b

or x1 > x2 ⇒ f (x1) ≤ f (x2)
A function which is not one-one is called many
Periodic Functions :
one. Thus if f is many one then atleast two
A functions f (x) is called a periodic function if there different elements have same f -image.
exists a positive real number T such that
Onto/Into Functions : A function f : A → B is
f (x + T) = f (x) ∀ x said to be onto if range of f = codomain of f
Also then the least value of T is called the period of Thus f is onto ⇔ f (A) = B
the function f (x).
Hence f : A → B is onto if every element of B
Period of f (x) = T (co-domain) has its f –preimage in A (domain).
⇒ Period of f (nx + a) = T/n A function which is not onto is named as into
Periods of some functions : function. Thus f : A → B is into if f (A) ≠ B. i.e.,

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 55 DECEMBER 2011

 if there exists atleast one element in codomain of f Domain and Range of some standard functions :
which has no preimage in domain.
Function Domain Range
Note :
Polynomial R R
Total number of functions : If A and B are finite function
sets containing m and n elements respectively, Identity R R
then function x
total number of functions which can be defined Constant R {c}
from A to B = nm. function c
Reciprocal R0 R0
total number of one-one functions from A to B function 1/x
 n P if m≤n x2, |x| R R+ ∪ {0}
=  m
 0 if m>n x3, x |x| R R
Signum R {–1, 0, 1}
total number of onto functions from A to B
function
(if m ≥ n) = total number of different n groups of
x + |x| R R+ ∪ {0}
m elements.
x – |x| R R– ∪ {0}
Composite of Functions :
[x] R Z
Let f : A → B and g : B → C be two functions, then
x – [x] R [0, 1)
the composite of the functions f and g denoted by gof,
x [0, ∞) [0, ∞)
is a function from A to C given by gof : A → C,
(gof) (x) = g[f (x)]. ax R R+
Properties of Composite Function : log x R+ R

The following properties of composite functions can sin x R [–1, 1]

easily be established. cos x R [–1, 7]

Composite of functions is not commutative i.e., tan x R – {± π/2, ± 3π/2, ...} R

cot x R – {0, ± π. ± 2π, ..... R
fog ≠ gof
sec x R – (± π/2, ± 3π/2, ..... R – (–1, 1)
Composite of functions is associative i.e.
cosec x R – {0, ±π, ± 2π, ......} R –(–1, 1)
(fog)oh = fo(goh)
sinh x R R
Composite of two bijections is also a bijection. cosh x R [1, ∞)
Inverse Function : tanh x R (–1, 1)
If f : A → B is one-one onto, then the inverse of f i.e., coth x R0 R –[1, –1]
f –1 is a function from B to A under which every b ∈ B sech x R (0, 1]
is associated to that a ∈ A for which f (a) = b. cosech x R0 R0
–1 –1
Thus f : B → A, sin x [–1, 1] [–π/2, π/2]

f –1(b) = a ⇔ f (a) = b. cos–1x [–1, 1] [0, π]

–1
tan x R (–π/2, π/2}
–1
cot x R (0, π)
–1
sec x R –(–1, 1) [0, π] – {π/2}
–1
cosec x R – (–1, 1) (– π/2, π/2] – {0}

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 56 DECEMBER 2011

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 57 DECEMBER 2011
 Based on New Pattern
a

IIT-JEE 2012
XtraEdge Test Series # 8
Time : 3 Hours
Syllabus :
Physics : Full Syllabus, Chemistry : Full Syllabus, Mathematics : Full syllabus
Instructions :
Section - I
• Question 1 to 6 are passage based questions. +4 marks will be awarded for correct answer and –1 mark for wrong
answer.
• Question 7 to 9 are Reason and Assertion type question with one is correct answer. +4 marks and –1 mark for
wrong answer.
• Question 10 to 15 are Numerical Response Question (single digit Ans. type) +4 marks will be awarded for
correct answer and –1 mark for wrong answer.
• Question 16 to 18 are Numerical Response Question (four digit Ans. type) +6 marks will be awarded for
correct answer and –1 mark for wrong answer.

(C) If the speed of water is 4 m/sec then direction is which

PHYSICS 3
he should row his boat is cos–1   w.r.t. bank
4
This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has 3 multiple (D) If the speed of water is 4 m/sec then direction in
choice questions. (Questions 1 to 6) Each question has 4
3
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONE OR which he should row his boat is sin–1   w.r.t bank
MORE THAN ONE may be correct. Mark your 4
response in OMR sheet against the question number of
2. The velocity of boatman is still water is 3m/sec and
that question. + 4 marks will be given for each correct
river is flowing at 2 m/sec. To cross the river in
answer and – 1 mark for each wrong answer.
minimum time.
Passage # 1 (Ques. 1 to 3) (A) The boatman should move at an angle
→ 2
There is a river which is flowing at the rate v r . If a θ = sin–1   w.r.t bank
3
→
boatman starts to row his boat at the speed v br with (B) The boatman should move at an angle
respect to river then the velocity of boatman with 2
θ = cos–1   w.r.t bank
→ → →
respect to ground can be given by, v b = v br + v r . 3
Now a boat can travel at a speed of 3m/s in still (C) the batman should move at an angle 90º w.r.t bank
water. A boatman has to across the river to reach the (D) None of these
other side. Now give the answer of following 3. Two boats A & B move away from a buoy anchored
question at the middle of river along the mutually
perpendicular 1 straight lines : the boat A along the
1. The boatman wants to cross the river in such a way river & boat B across the river. Having moved off an
that he should cover the shortest possible distance. equal distance from the buoy the boats returned.
(A) If the speed of water is 2m/sec then direction in which Then the ratio of times of boats tA/tB. If the velocity
2 of each boat w.r.t flow of water ‘x’ times greater than
he should row his boat is cos–1   w.r.t. bank the stream velocity tA/tB is -
3
x x
(B) If the speed of water is 2m/sec then direction in which (A) (B)
2
x −1 x2 +1
2
he should row his boat is sin–1   w.r.t bank 1 1
3 (C) (D)
2
x −1 x2 +1

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 58 DECEMBER 2011

Passage # 2 (Ques. 4 to 6) 9. Assertion (A) : Work done by the static friction is
If two masses A & B are drawn in their attached always zero.
 0.2t  2 Reason (R) : when the body is stationary, there is no
cables with a =  m / sec where t is in second. → →
 3  displacement. Hence w = F ⋅ S = zero
This section contains 6 questions (Q.10 to 15).
+4 marks will be given for each correct answer and –1
mark for each wrong answer. The answer to each of the
D questions is a SINGLE-DIGIT INTEGER, ranging
from 0 to 9. The appropriate bubbles below the
C respective question numbers in the OMR have to be
darkened. For example, if the correct answers to
E question numbers X, Y, Z and W (say) are 6, 0, 9 and 2,
A h B respectively, then the correct darkening of bubbles will
4. The speed of block ‘E’ when it reaches a height of look like the following :
h = 4 m starting from rest is X Y Z W
(A) 4 m/sec (B) 2 m/sec 0 0 0 0
(C) 1 m/sec (D) None of these 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
5. The approx speed of pulley D is 3 3 3 3
(A) – 2.5 m/sec (B) – 3.5 m/sec 4 4 4 4
(C) – 4.5 m/sec (D) – 5.5 m/sec 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
6. If vA = KvD then K, is
7 7 7 7
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
This section contains 3 questions numbered 7 to 9,
(Reason and Assertion type question). Each question
contains Assertion and Reason. Each question has 4 10. A particle starts oscillating simple harmonically from
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE its equilibrium position then the KE of the particle is
is correct. Mark your response in OMR sheet against ‘n’ times the P.E. of particle at the time T/12, find the
the question number of that question. + 4 marks will be value of n (T : time period)
given for each correct answer and – 1 mark for each 11. A bird flies for 4 sec with a velocity of
wrong answer. |t – 2| m/sec in a straight line where t is in second the
The following questions given below consist of an distance covered by the bird is ….. (in m)
"Assertion" (A) and "Reason" (R) Type questions. Use
the following Key to choose the appropriate answer. 12. An object of mass 0.2 kg executes SHM along the x-
(A) If both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the axis with a frequency 25/π Hz. At the position
correct explanation of (A). x = 0.04 m, the object has K.E., 0.5 J and P.E.,
(B) If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the 0.4 J. The amplitude of oscillation in cm will be …...
correct explanation of (A). (PE is zero at mean position)
(C) If (A) is true but (R) is false. 13. Difference between nth & (n + 1)th Bohr's radius of
(D) If (A) is false but (R) is true. H atom is equal to its (n – 1)th Bohr's radius. The
value of n is ……..
7. Assertion (A) : A lighter and a heavier bodies
moving with same momentum and experiencing 14. In the arrangement shown in the figure m1 = 1kg m2
same retarding force have equal stopping times. = 2 kg. Pulley are mass less & strings are light for
Reason (R) : For a given force and momentum, what value of M, the mass m1 moves with constant
stopping time is independent of mass. velocity (in kg)
8. Assertion (A) : The shortest wavelength of x-rays M
emitted from x-ray tube is independent of voltage
applied to tube.
Reason (R) : wavelength of characteristic spectrum
depends upon the atomic number of target. m1
m2

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 59 DECEMBER 2011

15. A block of mass 1 kg is attached to one end of a electron easily. The oxidation state of any element
spring of force constant k = 20 N/m. The other end of can never be in fraction. If oxidation number of any
the spring is attached to a fixed rigid support. This element comes out be in fraction, it is average
spring block system is made to oscillate on a rough oxidation number of that element which is present in
horizontal surface with µ = 0.04. The initial different oxidation states.
displacement of block from the (Eq.) mean position 1. The oxidation state of Fe in Fe3O4 is -
is a = 30 cm. How many times the block will pass (A) 2 and 3 (B) 8/3
from the mean position before coming to rest ? (C) 2 (D) 3
(g = 10 m/sec2)
1
This section contains Numerical response type questions N 3
(Q. 16 to 18). +6 marks will be given for each correct 2. N–H, In this compound HN3 (hydrazoic acid),
answer and –1 mark for each wrong answer. Answers to N
2
this Section are to be given in the form of nearest integer-
oxidation state of N1, N2 and N3 are -
in four digits. Please follow as per example : (i.e. for
answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492; 92.5 write (A) 0, 0, 3 (B) 0, 0, –1
0092; 2.1 write 0002) (C) 1, 1, –3 (D) –3, –3, –3
235
16. If 92 U reactor takes 30 days to consume 4 kg of fuel 3. Equivalent weight of chlorine molecule in the
and each fission gives 185 MeV of unstable energy equation
then find the output power [× 107 W] 3Cl2 + 6NaOH → 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
17. A bullet in fired at a plank of wood with a speed of (A) 42.6 (B) 35.5
200 m/sec. After passing through the plank, its speed (C) 59.1 (D) 71
is reduced to 150 m/sec. Another bullet of same mass
& size but moving with a speed of Passage # 2 (Ques. 4 to 6)
100 m/sec is fired at the same plank. What would be Secondary and tertiary alcohols always give E1
the speed of bullet after passing through the plank ? reaction in dehydration. Primary alcohols whose β-
Assume that the resistance offered by plank is same carbon is 3º or 4º also give E1 reaction. However, the
for both the bullets. primary alcohols whose β-carbon is 1º or 2º give E2
18. If the end of the cord A is pulled down with 2m/sec reaction. Dehydrating agents like conc. H2SO4, Al2O3
then the velocity of block will be : anhydrous ZnCl2 are used.
( × 10–1 m/sec) The reactivity of alcohols for elimination reaction lies
in following sequence :
Tertiary alcohol > secondary alcohol > primary
alcohol
Electron attracting groups present in alcohols
increase the reactivity for dehydration. Greater is the
A –I effect of the group present in alcohol, more will be
its reactivity. Both E1 and E2 mechanism give the
product according to Saytzeff's rule, i.e., major
product is the most substituted alkene.
2 m/sec
OH
B
CH3 – CH – CH – CH3 conc. H2SO4
Above 413K
CHEMISTRY CH3
CH3 – C = CH – CH3 + CH3 – CH – CH = CH2
This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has 3 multiple CH
CH3 CH3
choice questions. (Questions 1 to 6) Each question has 4
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONE OR Major product Minor product
MORE THAN ONE may be correct. Mark your
response in OMR sheet against the question number of 4. Arrange the reactivity of given four alcohols in
that question. + 4 marks will be given for each correct decreasing order for dehydration.
answer and – 1 mark for each wrong answer. OH OH NO2
Passage # 1 (Ques. 1 to 3)
Redox reactions are those in which oxidation and NO2
reduction take place simultaneously. Oxidising agent (a) (b)
can gain electron whereas reducing agent can lose

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 60 DECEMBER 2011

 OH OH 7. Assertion (A) : The value of van der Waals constant
'a' is larger for ammonia than for nitrogen.
Reason (R) : Hydrogen bonding is present in
ammonia.
NO2 NO2
(c) (d) 8. Assertion (A) : 3-hydroxy - butan-2-one on
(A) a > b > c > d (B) d > c > b > a treatment with [Ag(NH3)2]⊕ cause precipitation of
(C) c > b > d > a (D) b > c > a > d silver.
CH3 Reason (R) : [Ag(NH3)2] ⊕ oxidises 3-hydroxy
butan-2-one to butan-2-3-dione
5. In the reaction, CH3 – C – CH2OH conc. H2SO4
9. Assertion (A) : HBr adds to 1,4-pentadiene at a
CH3 faster rate than to 1,3-pentadiene
the product obtained will be : Reason (R) : 1,4-pentadiene is less stable than
(A) CH2 = C – CH2 – CH3 1,3-pentadiene.
CH3
This section contains 6 questions (Q.10 to 15).
(B) CH3 – C = CH – CH3 +4 marks will be given for each correct answer and –1
mark for each wrong answer. The answer to each of the
CH3
questions is a SINGLE-DIGIT INTEGER, ranging
CH3 from 0 to 9. The appropriate bubbles below the
(C) CH3 – CH – CH = CH2 respective question numbers in the OMR have to be
darkened. For example, if the correct answers to
(D) all of these question numbers X, Y, Z and W (say) are 6, 0, 9 and 2,
6. Which of the following dehydration product is/are respectively, then the correct darkening of bubbles will
correct ? look like the following :
CH2OH X Y Z W
conc.H2SO4 0 0 0 0
(A) ∆ 1 1 1 1
CH3 CH3 CH3 2 2 2 2
(B) CH3 – C — CH – CH3 conc. H2SO4 CH3 – C – CH = CH2 3 3 3 3
∆
CH3 CH3 4 4 4 4
conc. H2SO4 5 5 5 5
(C) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
∆ 6 6 6 6
CH3 – CH = CH – CH3 7 7 7 7
CH3 CH3 8 8 8 8
CH conc.H2SO4
(D) 3
9 9 9 9
OH ∆ CH3
10. Equal volumes of 0.02 M AgNO3 & 0.02 M HCN
This section contains 3 questions numbered 7 to 9, were mixed. If the [Ag+] at equilibrium was 10–n.
(Reason and Assertion type question). Each question Find n. Given Ka(HCN) = 4 × 10–10, Ksp(AgCN)
contains Assertion and Reason. Each question has 4 = 4 × 10–16.
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE
is correct. Mark your response in OMR sheet against 11. Haemoglobin contains 0.25% iron by weight.
the question number of that question. + 4 marks will be The molecular weight of haemoglobin is 89600.
given for each correct answer and – 1 mark for each Calculate the number of iron atoms per molecule of
wrong answer. haemoglobin.
The following questions given below consist of an
12. Two liquids A and B form an ideal solution at
"Assertion" (A) and "Reason" (R) Type questions. Use
temperature T. When the total vapour pressure above
the following Key to choose the appropriate answer.
the solution is 600 torr, the amount of A in the
(A) If both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the
vapour phase is 0.35 and in the liquid phase is 0.70.
correct explanation of (A).
What is the vapour pressure of pure A ? Express your
(B) If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the answer after divide actual answer by 100.
correct explanation of (A).
(C) If (A) is true but (R) is false. 13. The value of x in the complex Hx[Co(CO)4] is
(D) If (A) is false but (R) is true.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 61 DECEMBER 2011

14. Calculate the emf of the cell B, one or more than one choice is (are) correct out of
Cd|Cd2+ (0.10M)1|| H+(0.20M)| Pt, H2(0.5 atm) 4 choices and the student is awarded 3 marks if he
[Given: EºCd2+/Cd = – 0.403 V, (she) ticks only the correct choice and all the correct
2.303RT choices. There is no negative marking.
= 0.0591] 1. In how many ways can a student answer to any
F
Round off your answer after multiplying actual question of section B
answer by 10. (A) 11 (B) 5C2 + 5C4 (C) 24 – 1 (D) 15

15. Calculate enthalpy change (in calories) adiabatic 2. If a student attempts 3 particular questions-one from
compression of one mole of an ideal monoatomic gas section A and two from section B, the probability
against constant external pressure of 2 atm starting that he will get marks in only two questions is
from initial pressure of 1 atm and initial temperature (assuming all ways to answer a question to be
of 300 K. (R = 2 cal/mol degree) Give your answer equally likely)
after divide actual answer by 100. 31 23 23
(A) (B) (C) (D) None
900 900 484
This section contains Numerical response type questions
(Q. 16 to 18). +6 marks will be given for each correct
3. The probability that a student gets 10 marks if he
answer and –1 mark for each wrong answer. Answers to
attempts only 4 questions is
this Section are to be given in the form of nearest integer-
3 3
in four digits. Please follow as per example : (i.e. for 1 1 4 1
answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492; 92.5 write
(A)   (B)  
5  15  3  11 
0092; 2.1 write 0002)
3 3
16. A current of 4 A flows in a coil when connected to a  1  1 1 
(C) 16  (D)  
12V dc source. If the same coil is connected to a  60  4  15 
12V, 50 rad/s ac source a current of 2.4 A flows in
the circuit. Also find the power developed in the Passage # 2 (Ques. 4 to 6)
circuit if a 2500 µF capacitor is connected in series a a
with the coil.
∫ ∫
f ( x) dx = ( f ( x) + f (− x)) dx
17. A capacitor of capacity 2 µF is charged to a potential −a 0
difference of 12V. It is then connected across an a

inductor of inductance 0.6 mH. What is the current in

the circuit at a time when the potential difference
(i) If f(x) is odd, then ∫ f ( x) dx = 0
−a
across the capacitor is 6.0 V ? a a

18. A ball of mass 100 g is projected vertically upwards

(ii) If f(x) is even, then ∫
−a
∫
f ( x) dx = 2 f ( x) dx
0
from the ground with a velocity of 49 m/s. At the
same lime another identical ball is dropped from a This is one of the important property for the
height of 98 metre to fall freely along the same path integrable function f(x)
1
as that followed by the first ball. After some time the
∫ (x + x | cos x |)(sin −1 x 2 ) dx is equal to :
3
two balls collide and stick together and finally fall to 4.
ground. Find the time of flight of the masses. −1
(g = 9.8 m/s2) (A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) 2

1/ 4

MATHEMATICS 5. If ∫  16 x 2 + 16 x + 41 + 40 x 2 + x + 1 +
−1 / 4 
This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has 3 multiple  1
choice questions. (Questions 1 to 6) Each question has 4 16 x 2 + 16 x + 41 − 40 x 2 + x + 1  cosx dx = k sin ,
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONE OR  4
MORE THAN ONE may be correct. Mark your then the value of k is :
response in OMR sheet against the question number of (A) 10 (B) 0 (C) 20 (D) 30
that question. + 4 marks will be given for each correct
π/ 4

∫ ( 1 + sin 2 x + )
answer and – 1 mark for each wrong answer.
6. 1 − sin 2 x dx is equal to
Passage # 1 (Ques. 1 to 3)
−π / 4
An objective test contains two sections : A and B
each consisting of 10 questions. In section A, only 4
(A) 2 (B) 2 2 (C) 4 2 (D)
one choice out of 4 choices is correct and student is 2
awarded 1 mark for every correct answer. In section

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 62 DECEMBER 2011

This section contains 3 questions numbered 7 to 9, (Reason
and Assertion type question). Each question contains
Assertion and Reason. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B),
(C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE is correct. Mark your
response in OMR sheet against the question number of that
question. + 4 marks will be given for each correct answer
and – 1 mark for each wrong answer.
The following questions given below consist of an
"Assertion" (A) and "Reason" (R) Type questions. Use
the following Key to choose the appropriate answer.
(A) If both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A).
(B) If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
correct explanation of (A).
(C) If (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) If (A) is false but (R) is true.
7. Assertion (A) : Let f (x) be an even function which
x find the value of (B + C + D)/10.
is periodic, then g (x) = ∫ f (t ) dt is also periodic.
a triangle at its middle point and passes through the
Reason (R) : If α(x) is a differentiable and periodic
function, then α′(x) is also periodic.
8. Assertion (A) : The locus represented by xy + yz = 0
is a pair of perpendicular planes.
Reason (R) : If a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and
a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 are perpendicular then
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
9. Assertion (A) : Locus of center of a variable circle
touching two circles (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 25 and
(x – 2)2 + (y – 1)2 =16 is an ellipse.
Reason (R) : If a circle S2= 0 lies completely inside
the circle S1= 0 then locus of center of a variable circle
S = 0 which touches both the circles is an ellipse.
This section contains 6 questions (Q.10 to 15).
+4 marks will be given for each correct answer and –1
mark for each wrong answer. The answer to each of the
questions is a SINGLE-DIGIT INTEGER, ranging
from 0 to 9. The appropriate bubbles below the
respective question numbers in the OMR have to be
darkened. For example, if the correct answers to
question numbers X, Y, Z and W (say) are 6, 0, 9 and 2,
respectively, then the correct darkening of bubbles will
look like the following :
X Y Z W
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
10. The position vectors of two points A and C are
9iˆ − ˆj + 7kˆ and 7iˆ − 2 ˆj + 7 kˆ respectively. The point
of intersection of the lines containing vectors
AB = 4iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ and CD = 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ is P. If vector
PQ is perpendicular to AB and CD and PQ = 15
units, then possible position vectors of Q are
x1iˆ + x2 ˆj + x3 kˆ and y1iˆ + y 2 ˆj + y3 kˆ . Find the value
3
of ∑ (x + y ) .
i =1
i i
x −1 y −3 z−4
11. Let image of the line = = in the
3 5 2
plane 2x – y + z + 3 = 0 be L. A plane
7x + By + Cz + D = 0 is such that it contains the line L
and perpendicular to the plane 2x – y + z + 3 = 0 then
12. A circle touches the hypotenuse of a right angled
middle point of shorter side. If 3 unit and 4 unit be
the length of the sides and 'r' be the radius of the
circle, then find the value of '3r'.
13. The remainder when 2740 is divided by 12
14. Let f (x) = x3 – x2 – 3x – 1 and h(x) = f (x)/g(x)
where h is a function such that
(a) it is continuous every where except when x = – 1
(b) lim h(x) = ∞ and (c) lim h(x) = 1/2
x →∞ x → –1
FInd lim (4h(x) + f (x) + 2g(x)).
x →0
15. In a triangle ABC, if sin A cos B = 1/4 and
3 tan A = tan B, then cot2A =
This section contains Numerical response type questions
(Q. 16 to 18). +6 marks will be given for each correct
answer and –1 mark for each wrong answer. Answers to
this Section are to be given in the form of nearest integer-
in four digits. Please follow as per example : (i.e. for
answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492; 92.5 write
0092; 2.1 write 0002)
16. The vertices B and C of a triangle ABC lie on the
lines 3y = 4x and y = 0 respectively and the side BC
passes through the point (2/3, 2/3). If ABOC is a
rhombus, O being the origin. If co-ordinates of vertex
A is (α, β), then find the value of 5(α + β).
17. Number of different words that can be formed using
all the letters of the word "DEEPMALA", I two
vowels are together and the other two are also
together but separated from the first two.
18. If a complex number z satisfies the conditions
 4i 1+ i 2 – 3i 
z – 4i  
= 1 and z =  x + – 1 + i – 2i 3 + 4i  ,
z + 4i 
 – 2 – 3i – 3 + 4i 0 
then x =
63 DECEMBER 2011
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 64 DECEMBER 2011
 Based on New Pattern

IIT-JEE 2013
XtraEdge Test Series # 8
Time : 3 Hours
Syllabus :
Physics : Full Syllabus, Chemistry : Full Syllabus, Mathematics : Full syllabus
Instructions :
Section - I
• Question 1 to 6 are passage based questions. +4 marks will be awarded for correct answer and
-1 mark for wrong answer.
• Question 7 to 9 are Reason and Assertion type question with one is correct answer. +4 marks and –1 mark for
wrong answer.
• Question 10 to 15 are Numerical Response Question (single digit Ans. type) +4 marks will be awarded for
correct answer and –1 mark for wrong answer.
• Question 16 to 18 are Numerical Response Question (four digit Ans. type) +6 marks will be awarded for
correct answer and –1 mark for wrong answer.

3. If some of heat is allowed to escape to surrounding

PHYSICS (temperature of surrounding is 20ºC) then this
amount of steam (mentioned in question 22) is
This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has 3 multiple increase the temperature to -
choice questions. (Questions 1 to 6) Each question has 4 (A) greater than 80ºC (B) less than 80ºC
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONE OR
(C) equal to 80ºC (D) can't say anything
MORE THAN ONE may be correct. Mark your
response in OMR sheet against the question number of Passage # 2 (Ques. 4 to 6)
that question. + 4 marks will be given for each correct
answer and – 1 mark for each wrong answer. A body of mass 1 kg moving along x-axis has
velocity 4 m/s at x = 0. The acceleration and
Passage # 1 (Ques. 1 to 3) potential energy of body varies as shown in
In espresso coffee machines steam is passed into milk diagrams.
at room temperature for a brief time interval. Some
of the steam condenses and the temperature or milk a(m/s2) U(J)
rises. Since the time for which the steam is passed is
120
brief, one can ignore the heat lost to the environment 2
and assume that the usual assumption of calorimetry :
Heat lost = Heat gain is valid. 4 8 4 8 x(m)
x(m)
–120
1. Steam at 100ºC is passed into milk to heat it. The
amount of heat required to heat 150 g of milk from
4. Work done by conservative forces when body moves
room temperature (20ºC) to 80ºC is (specific heat of
from x = 0m to x = 8m is –
capacity of milk = 4.0 kJ kg–1 K–1 specific latent heat
(A) 0 J (B) 120 J (C) 240 J (D) – 240 J
of steam = 2.2 MJ kg–1 , specific heat capacity of
water = 4.2 × 103 J kgK–1) 5. Work done by external forces when body moves
(A) 3.6 × 104 J (B) 3.6 × 103 J from x = 0m to x = 8m is –
2
(C) 3.6 × 10 J (D) None of these (A) 120 J (B) – 120 J
(C) – 112 J (D) None of these
2. How many grams of steam condensed into water in 6. The change in kinetic energy when body moves from
above question - x = 0m to x = 8m is –
(A) 1.57 g (B) 15.7 g (A) 256 J (B) 240 J
(C) 157 g (D) None of these (C) 128 J (D) 120 J

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 65 DECEMBER 2011

This section contains 3 questions numbered 7 to 9, 10. If y = 4x2 – 4x + 7. Find the minimum value of 'y'.
(Reason and Assertion type question). Each question
contains Assertion and Reason. Each question has 4 11. A block of mass 1 kg starts slipping on a circular
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE track of radius 2m and it is observed that when θ =
is correct. Mark your response in OMR sheet against 60º its speed is 4 m/s as shown in figure. Assuming
the question number of that question. + 4 marks will be size of block to be O r = 2m
given for each correct answer and – 1 mark for each negligible and coefficient of
friction between block and θ
wrong answer.
The following questions given below consist of an track is 0.5 frictional force
"Assertion" (A) and "Reason" (R) Type questions. Use (in N) on block when v
the following Key to choose the appropriate answer. θ = 60º is (g = 10 m/s2) –
(A) If both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A). 12. A projectile is fired with speed 'u' at angle 60º with
(B) If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the horizontal. Velocity of projectile when it makes an
correct explanation of (A). angle 120º with initial direction of velocity is u' then
(C) If (A) is true but (R) is false. ratio b/w u : u' is .
(D) If (A) is false but (R) is true. 13. A block of mass 'm' is hanged vertically by a wire.
Potential energy stored in wire u1. Potential energy
7. Assertion (A) : In the flow-tube as the cross-section
stored in wire is u2. When mass hanged is doubled.
area decreases the flow velocity increases.
Ratio u2 : u1 is.
Reason (R) : In ideal fluid flow the total energy per
unit mass remains constant. 14. An electrically heating coil is placed in calorimeter
containing 360 gm of H2O at 10ºC. The coil
8. Assertion (A) : When a spring is elongated work consumes energy at the rate of 90 W. The water
done by spring is negative but when it compressed equivalent of calorimeter and the coil is 40 g. The
work done by spring is positive. temperature of water after 10 minutes will be n/8.5
Reason (R) : Work done by spring is path then find the value of 'n' -
independent. 15. Variation of pressure at certain point is space is given
9. Assertion (A) : If in some case work done by a force by :
is path independent then it must be conservative. P = P0 is 2πt cos 212 πt sin (220πt – π/2)
Reason (R) : Work done by conservative forces in a The Beat Frequency is -
round trip must be zero. This section contains Numerical response type questions
(Q. 16 to 18). +6 marks will be given for each correct
This section contains 6 questions (Q.10 to 15). answer and –1 mark for each wrong answer. Answers to
+4 marks will be given for each correct answer and –1 this Section are to be given in the form of nearest integer-
mark for each wrong answer. The answer to each of the in four digits. Please follow as per example : (i.e. for
questions is a SINGLE-DIGIT INTEGER, ranging answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492; 92.5 write
from 0 to 9. The appropriate bubbles below the 0092; 2.1 write 0002)
respective question numbers in the OMR have to be 16. A conical container of radius R
darkened. For example, if the correct answers to R = 1m and height H = 5m is
question numbers X, Y, Z and W (say) are 6, 0, 9 and 2, filled completely with liquid.
respectively, then the correct darkening of bubbles will There is a hole at the bottom of
look like the following : H
container of area π × 10–3 m2 (see
X Y Z W figure). Time taken to empty the
conical container (in sec) is……
0 0 0 0 ………….. Take g = 10 m/s2 –
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 17. A pendulum of length l is
3 3 3 3 given a horizontal velocity
4 4 4 4 kgl at the lowest point of
5 5 5 5 vertical circular path as O
6 6 6 6 shown. In the subsequent
7 7 7 motion the string gets slag at l
7
8 8 8 8 a certain point and the
pendulum bob strikes the v = kgl
9 9 9 9 point of suspensión then the
value of k is –

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 66 DECEMBER 2011

18. A small body is released from point A of the smooth 2. Instead of developing a catalyst, why didn’t Haber
parabolic path y = x2. Where y is vertical axis and x increase the rate of the reaction by raising the
is horizontal axis at ground as shown. The body temperature ?
leaves the surface from point B. If g = 10 m/s2 then (A) The Haber process is exothermic, so raising the
the total horizontal distance travelled by body before temperature would have lowered the rate of the
it hits ground is – reaction
y (B) The Haber process is exothermic, so raising the
temperature would have reduced the yield of the
A reaction
(C) Higher temperatures would have caused an
B
increased in pressure lowering the yield of the
reaction
–2m O +1m x (D) Higher temperatures might have decomposed the
hydrogen

3. Which of the following graphs could also accurately

CHEMISTRY reflect the establishment of equilibrium between
nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia ?
This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has 3 multiple
choice questions. (Questions 1 to 6) Each question has 4
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONE OR H2

Conc
MORE THAN ONE may be correct. Mark your (A) NH3
response in OMR sheet against the question number of N2
that question. + 4 marks will be given for each correct
answer and – 1 mark for each wrong answer. Time
Passage # 1 (Ques. 1 to 3)
The Haber Process shown below : N2
Conc
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2 NH3(g) (B) NH3
In 1912 Fritz Haber developed the Haber process for H2
making ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. His
development was crucial for the German war effort Time
of world War Ι, providing the Germans with ample
H2
Conc

fixed nitrogen for the manufacture of explosives.

The Haber process takes place at 500° C and 200 (C) NH3
atm. It is an exothermic reaction .The graph below N2
shows the change in concentrations of reactants and
products as the reaction progresses. Time
N2
Conc
Concentration

(D) NH3

A H2
B Time
C Passage # 2 (Ques. 4 to 6)

Time Entropy is measure of degree of randomness. Entropy

1. Even at the high temperatures, the conversion of
nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia was slow. In
order to make the process industrially efficient Fritz
Haber used a metal oxide catalyst. Which of the
following did not accomplished by use of the metal
oxide catalyst ?
(A) The rate of production of ammonia increased
(B) The energy of activation was raised
(C) The equilibrium shifted to the right
(D) activation energy equals to zero
is directly proportional to temperature. Every system
tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or
disorder. Entropy is measure of unavailable energy.
Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature
The ratio of entropy of vapourisation and boiling
point of substance remains almost constant.
4. Which of the following process have ∆S = – ve ?
(A) Adsorption
(B) Dissolution of NH4Cl in water
(C) H2 → 2H
(D) 2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 67 DECEMBER 2011

5. Observe the graph and identify the incorrect
statement(s)
Β ∆Svap
Entropy
Α ∆Sfusion
T1 T2
Temperature
(A) T1 is melting point, T2 is boiling point
(B) T1 is boiling point, T2 is melting point
(C) ∆Sfusion is more than ∆Svap
(D) T2 is lower than T1
6. The law of Thermodynamics invented by Nernst,
which helps to determine absolute entropy is
(A) Zeroth law (B) 1st law
nd
(C) 2 law (D) 3rd law
This section contains 3 questions numbered 7 to 9, (Reason
and Assertion type question). Each question contains
Assertion and Reason. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B),
(C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE is correct. Mark your
response in OMR sheet against the question number of that
question. + 4 marks will be given for each correct answer
and – 1 mark for each wrong answer.
The following questions given below consist of an
"Assertion" (A) and "Reason" (R) Type questions. Use
the following Key to choose the appropriate answer.
(A) If both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A).
(B) If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
correct explanation of (A).
(C) If (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) If (A) is false but (R) is true.
7. Assertion (A) : At zero degree Kelvin the volume
occupied by a gas is negligible.
Reason (R) : All molecular motion ceases at 0 K.
8. Assertion (A) : Compressibility factor for hydrogen
varies with pressure with positive slope at all
pressures.
Reason (R) : Even at low pressures, repulsive forces
dominate hydrogen gas.
9. Assertion (A) : Enthalpy of graphite is lower than
that of diamond.
Reason (R) : Entropy of graphite is greater than that
of diamond.
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
This section contains 6 questions (Q.10 to 15).
+4 marks will be given for each correct answer and –1
mark for each wrong answer. The answer to each of the
questions is a SINGLE-DIGIT INTEGER, ranging
from 0 to 9. The appropriate bubbles below the
respective question numbers in the OMR have to be
darkened. For example, if the correct answers to
question numbers X, Y, Z and W (say) are 6, 0, 9 and 2,
respectively, then the correct darkening of bubbles will
look like the following :
X Y Z W
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10. For the Ca atom calculate total No. of e– which have
m = –1
11. The molecular formula of a non-stoichiometric tin
oxide containing Sn (II) and Sn (IV) ions is Sn4.44O8.
Therefore, the molar ratio of Sn (II) to Sn (IV) is
approximately
12. How much volume (in mL) 0.001 M HCl should we
add to 10 cm3 of 0.001 M NaOH to change its pH by
one unit ?
13. What is the sum of total electron pairs (b.p. + l.p.)
present in XeF6 molecule ?
14. The number of geometrical isomers of
CH3CH=CH–CH=CH–CH=CHCl is.
15. No. of π bond in the compound H2CSF4 is.
This section contains Numerical response type questions
(Q. 16 to 18). +6 marks will be given for each correct
answer and –1 mark for each wrong answer. Answers to
this Section are to be given in the form of nearest integer-
in four digits. Please follow as per example : (i.e. for
answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492; 92.5 write
0092; 2.1 write 0002)
16. The ion An+ is oxidised to AO3– by MnO4–, changing
to Mn2+ in acidic solution. Given that 2.68 × 10–3 mol
of An+ requires 1.61 × 10–3 mol of MnO4–. What is
the value of n ?
17. Standard heat of formation of HgO(s) at 298 K and at
constant pressure is –90.8 kJ mol–1. Excess of
HgO(s) absorbs 41.84 kJ of heat. Calculate the mass
of Hg (in g) that can be obtained at constant volume
and at 298 K. (Hg = 200.6g mol–1)
68 DECEMBER 2011
18. A near ultraviolet photon of 300 nm is absorbed by a
gas and then re-emitted as two photons. One photon
is red with wavelength 760 nm. What would be the
wavelength (in nm) of the second photon ?
MATHEMATICS
This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has 3 multiple
choice questions. (Questions 1 to 6) Each question has 4
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONE OR
MORE THAN ONE may be correct. Mark your
response in OMR sheet against the question number of
that question. + 4 marks will be given for each correct
answer and – 1 mark for each wrong answer.
Passage # 1 (Ques. 1 to 3)
A circle C1 of radius 2 units rolls on the outerside of
the circle C2 : x2 + y2 + 4x = 0, touching it externally.
1. If the line joining the centres of C1 and C2 makes an
angle of 60º with the x-axis, equation of a common
tangent to them is -
(A) x + 3y–2=0
(B) 3x–y+4+2 3 =0
6. If BL2 + CM2 + AN2 = x and CL2 + AM2 + BN2 = y
then
(A) x + y = 0
(B) x – y = 0
(C) x + y = 24R2 – 2(a2 + b2 + c2)
(D) none of these
This section contains 3 questions numbered 7 to 9,
(Reason and Assertion type question). Each question
contains Assertion and Reason. Each question has 4
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE
is correct. Mark your response in OMR sheet against
the question number of that question. + 4 marks will be
given for each correct answer and – 1 mark for each
wrong answer.
The following questions given below consist of an
"Assertion" (A) and "Reason" (R) Type questions. Use
the following Key to choose the appropriate answer.
(A) If both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A).
(B) If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
correct explanation of (A).
(C) If (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) If (A) is false but (R) is true.

(C) 3x–y–4+2 3 =0 7. Assertion (A) : If a, b > 0 and a3 + b3 = a – b, then

a2 + b2 < 1
(D) 3x–y–4–2 3 =0 1
Reason (R) : If a, b > 0, then ab < (a + b)
2
2. Area of the quadrilateral formed by a pair of tangents
from a point on C3 to the circle C2 with a pair of radii
at the points of contact of the tangents is - 8. Assertion (A) : The line bx – ay = 0 will not meet the
x2 y2
(A) 2 3 sq. units (B) 4 3 sq. units hyperbola 2 – 2 = 1 (a > b > 0)
a b
(C) 3 sq. units (D) 3 3 sq. units Reason (R) : The line y = mx + c does not meet the
x2 y2
3. If the line joining the centres of C1 and C2 is hyperbola 2 – 2 = 1 if c2 = a2 m2 – b2.
perpendicular to the x-axis; equation of the chord of a b
contact of the tangents drawn from the centre of C2 to
the circle C1 is - 9. Assertion (A) : The solution set of the inequality
(A) y – 2 = 0 (B) y + 2 = 0  x 2 + x 
(C) y – 3 = 0 (D) y + 3 = 0 log 0.7  log 6 < 0 is (– 4, – 3) ∪ (8, ∞).
 x + 4 

Passage # 2 (Ques. 4 to 6) Reason (R) : For x > 0, loga x is an increasing function
AL, BM and CN are diameter of the circumcircle of a if a > 1 and a decreasing function if 0 < a < 1.
triangle ABC. ∆1, ∆2, ∆3, and ∆ are the areas of the
triangles BLC, CMA, ANB and ABC respectively, This section contains 6 questions (Q.10 to 15).
+4 marks will be given for each correct answer and –1
4. ∆1 is equal to
mark for each wrong answer. The answer to each of the
(A) 2R2 sin A cos B cos C questions is a SINGLE-DIGIT INTEGER, ranging
(B) 2R2 sin A sin B cos C from 0 to 9. The appropriate bubbles below the
(C) 2R2 cos A cos B sin C respective question numbers in the OMR have to be
(D) 2R2 sin A sin B sin C darkened. For example, if the correct answers to
question numbers X, Y, Z and W (say) are 6, 0, 9 and 2,
5. ∆1 + ∆2 + ∆3 is equal to respectively, then the correct darkening of bubbles will
(A) 2∆ (B) 3∆ look like the following :
(C) ∆ (D) none of these

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 69 DECEMBER 2011

 X Y Z W
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Elements Named for Places
2 2 2 2
This is an alphabetical list of element toponyms or
3 3 3 3
elements named for places or regions. Ytterby in
4 4 4 4 Sweden has given its name to four elements: Erbium,
5 5 5 5 Terbium, Ytterbium and Yttrium.
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 • Americium : America, the Americas
8 8 8 8 • Berkelium : University of California at Berkeley
9 9 9 9
• Californium : State of California and University
10. If two of the lines represented by of California at Berkeley
x4 + x3 y + cx2 y2 – xy3 + y4 = 0
bisect the angle between the other two, then the value • Copper : probably named for Cyprus
of |c| is • Darmstadtium : Darmstadt, Germany
11. For n > 3, a, b ∈ R, let
• Dubnium : Dubna, Russia
n
n(n – 1)...(n – r + 1)
S(n, a, b)= ∑
r =0
(–1) r
r!
(a – r) (b – r) • Erbium : Ytterby, a town in Sweden
• Europium : Europe
 1 1
Find S  5, , 
 2 7 • Francium : France

12. Find the degree of the remainder when x2007 – 1 is • Gallium : Gallia, Latin for France. Also named
divided by (x2 + 1) (x2 + x + 1). for Lecoq de Boisbaudran, the element's
discoverer (Lecoq in Latin is gallus)
13. Let l be the length of the interval satisfying the
inequality • Germanium : Germany
1
log6(x + 2) (x + 4) + log1/6 (x + 2) < log 6 (7). • Hafnium : Hafnia, Latin for Copenhagen
2
Find the value of l. • Hassium : Hesse, Germany
14. The number of pairs (x, y) satisfying the equation • Holmium : Holmia, Latin for Stockholm
sin x + sin y = sin (x + y) and |x| + |y| = 1 is.
• Lutetium : Lutecia, ancient name for Paris
15. If a = ( 0, 1, – 1) and c = (1, 1, 1) are given vectors,
the |b|2 where b satisfies a × b + c = 0 and a . b = 3 is. • Magnesium : Magnesia prefecture in Thessaly,
Greece
This section contains Numerical response type questions
(Q. 16 to 18). +6 marks will be given for each correct • Polonium : Poland
answer and –1 mark for each wrong answer. Answers to
this Section are to be given in the form of nearest integer- • Rhenium : Rhenus, Latin for Rhine, a German
in four digits. Please follow as per example : (i.e. for province
answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492; 92.5 write
0092; 2.1 write 0002) • Ruthenium : Ruthenia, Latin for Russia
16. The number of natural numbers which are smaller • Scandium : Scandia, Latin for Scandinavia
than 2.108 and which can be written by means of the
digits 1 and 2 is ............. . • Strontium : Strontian, a town in Scotland
1 • Terbium : Ytterby, Sweden
17. If z = ( 3 – i), find the smallest value of positive
2 • Thulium : Thule, a mythical island in the far
integer n for which (z89 + i97)94 = zn.
north (Scandinavia?)
18. If α + β = γ and tan γ = 22, a is the arithmetic and b is
• Ytterbium : Ytterby, Sweden
the geometric mean respectively between tan α and
a3 • Yttrium : Ytterby, Sweden
tan β, then the value of is equal to -
(1 – b 2 ) 3

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 70 DECEMBER 2011

 MOCK TEST PAPER-1
CBSE BOARD PATTERN
CLASS # XII
SUBJECT : PHYSICS , CHEMISTRY & MATHEMATICS
Solutions will be p ublished in next issue
General Instructions : Physics & Chemistry
• Time given for each subject paper is 3 hrs and Max. marks 70 for each.
• All questions are compulsory.
• Marks for each question are indicated against it.
• Question numbers 1 to 8 are very short-answer questions and carrying 1 mark each.
• Question numbers 9 to 18 are short-answer questions, and carry 2 marks each.
• Question numbers 19 to 27 are also short-answer questions, and carry 3 marks each.
• Question numbers 28 to 30 are long-answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
• Use of calculators is not permitted.
General Instructions : Mathematics
• Time given to solve this subject paper is 3 hrs and Max. marks 100.
• All questions are compulsory.
• The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three sections A, B and C.
Section A comprises of 10 questions of one mark each.
Section B comprises of 12 questions of four marks each.
Section C comprises of 7 questions of six marks each.
• All question in Section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as per the exact requirement of the question.
• There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 4 questions of four marks each and
2 question of six marks each. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.
• Use of calculators is not permitted.

PHYSICS 10. Explain how the interference fringe width in young's

double slits experiment will change if
1. What is the phase difference between two points on a (i) separation between the two slits is decreased
wave front (ii) wavelength of light increased.
2. Why stars seems to be twinkling ? 11. In an atom, two electrons moves around the nucleus
3. Name the characteristics of electromagnetic wave that in a circular orbit of radius R and 4R. Calculate the
(i) increases ratio of speeds of two electrons.
(ii) remains constant
12. Which type of semiconductor is better out of
in the electromagnetic spectrum as one moves from
p-type and n-type ?
infrared to ultraviolet region.
4. What is total energy of an electron revolving in first 13. Relate input frequency and output frequency of a half
orbit of Hydrogen atom . wave rectifier and a full wave rectifier
5. What are digital and analog signals ?
14. Define the term modulation index for an AM wave.
6. Name any two basic properties of electric charge. What would be the modulation index for an AM
wave for which the maximum amplitude is a while
7. Out of the two bulbs marked 25 W and 100 W which
the minimum amplitude is 'b' ?
one has higher resistance ?
8. What is displacement current ?. 15. Distinguish between point to point and broadcast
communication modes. Give one example of each
9. A thin glass prism has a minimum deviation δm in air.
State with reason, how the angle of minimum 16. Why does the conductivity of a semi conductor
deviation will change if the prism is immersed in a change with the rise in temperature ?
liquid of refractive index greater than 1

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 71 DECEMBER 2011

17. An electric dipole is held in uniform electric field.
(i) Show that no translatory force acts on it.
(ii) Derive an expression for the torque acting on it.
18. Define angle of dip at a given place. What is the
value of angle of dip on the equator ?
19. When a Uranium nucleus (U238) originally at rest
decays by emitting alpha particle having speed u.
Find the recoil speed of residual nucleus.
20. If focal lengths of objective and eye-piece lens of a
compound microscope is 2cm and 3cm respectively
and distance between both the lenses is 15cm then
calculate distance of object from objective lens if
final image forms at infinity.
21. If a gas is at temp T, then derive an expression for
debroglie wavelength of its molecule of mass m.
22. For a common emitter transistor amplifier current
gain is 72. Calculate the base current for which
emitter current is 8.9mA.
23. Give one use of each of the following
(i) microwaves
(ii) infra-red waves
(iii) ultraviolet radiation
(iv) gamma rays.
24. State the principle of potentiometer with the help of
circuit diagram, describe a method to find the
internal resistance of a primary cell.
r parallel combinations of capacitors.
25. A proton is shot into the magnetic field B = 0.8ˆjT
with a velocity (2 × 106 î + 3 × 106 ˆj) ms–1. Calculate
the radius and pitch of the helix path followed by
proton.
26. Derive an expression for the torque on a rectangular
coil of area A, carrying a current I placed in a
magnetic field B. The angle between the direction of
B and vector perpendicular to plane of coil is θ.
27. Using Kirchhoff's laws in the given network, calculate
the values of I1, I2 and I3.
A B C
5Ω I1 3Ω I2
2Ω I3
12V 6V
F E D is sec–1.
28. With the help of ray diagram, explain the
phenomenon of total interval reflection. Obtain the
relation between critical angle and refractive index of
the medium.
OR
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
Why objective lens of an astronomical telescope is of
large size ? what defects can be remoned by using
reflecting telescope in place of refracting telescope ?
IF length of an astronomical telescope is 100 cm and
its magnifying power is 19 then calculate focal
lengths of objective and eye-piece lens.
29. Explain with the help of a labelled diagram, the
principle, construction and working of a transformer.
OR
An a.c. generator consists of a coil of 50 turns and
area 2.5 m2 rotating at an angular speed of 60 rad s–1
in a uniform magnetic field B = 0.30 T between two
fixed pole pieces. The resistance of the circuit
including that of the coil is 500 Ω. (i) Find the
maximum current drawn from the generator. (ii) What
will be the orientation of the coil w.r.t. the magnetic
field to have (a) maximum (b) zero magnetic flux. (iii)
Would the generator work if the coil were stationary
and instead the poles were rotated with same speed as
above.
30. Calculate the electric field intensity for following points
due to a uniformly charged non-conducting sphere.
Represent the results by graph –
(A) at any point outside the sphere
(B) at any point on the surface of sphere
(C) at any point inside the sphere.
OR
What is a Capacitor ? Explain its principles. Derive
the relations for equivalent capacity of series and
CHEMISTRY
1. Write the IUPAC names of the following :
Br
OH
COOC2H5
2. How would you convert methylamine into
ethylamine ?
3. What are essential amino acids ? Give two example.
4. What is meant by the term peptization ?
5. Identify the reaction order if the unit of rate constant
6. In an alloy of gold and cadmium if gold crystallizes
in cubic structure occupying the corners only and
cadmium fits into edge centre voids, what is the
formula of the alloy ?
72 DECEMBER 2011
7. Which oxide of nitrogen has oxidation number of N 19. Name the reagents which are used in the following
same as that in nitric acid. conversions :
(i) A primary alcohol to an aldehyde
8. What is froth floatation for which ores it is used ? (ii) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol
(iii) Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromopheno
9. Explain as to why haloarenes are much less reactive
than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution 20. Give the structures of following polymers.
reactions. (A) Perlon (B) Orlon (C) Neoprene

10. Assign a reason for each of the following statements : 21. What are tranquilizers ? Explain with example
(i) Alkylamines are stronger bases than arylamines tranquilizers are neurologically active drugs which are
(ii) Acetonitrile is preferred as solvent for carrying used to reduce strain or anxiety.
out several organic reactions.
22. Name any three fat soluble vitamins & their
11. Write one chemical equation each to exemplify the deficiency disease.
following reactions :
(i) Carbylamine reaction 23. (a) State the products of electrolysis obtained on the
(ii) Hofmann bromamide reaction cathode and the anode in the following
cases : [2 + 1]
12. Identify A and B in the following : (i) A dilute solution of H2SO4 with platinum
CH2Br electrodes.
(ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver
CN– LiAlH4
(i) A B electrodes
(b) Write the cell formulation and calculate the
(ii) R2CO NH3
A
Ni/H2
B standard cell potential of the galvanic cell in
which the following reaction takes place :
13. Write any two feature which distinguish Fe2+ (aq) + Ag+ (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) + Ag (s)
physisorption from Chemisorption. Calculate ∆rGº for the above reaction.
[Given : E oAg + / Ag = + 0.80 V ;
14. The decomposition of a compound is found to follow
a first order rate law. If it takes 15 minutes for 20% of E oFe3+ / Fe 2 + = + 0.77 V ; 1 F = 96500 C mol–1]
the original material to react,
calculate- 24. (a) Explain each of the following with a suitable
(i) Specific rate constant. example :
(ii) the time at which 10% of the original material (i) Paramagnetism (ii) Frenkel defect in crystals
remains unreacted. (b) An element occurs in bcc structure with cell edge
300 pm. The density of the element is
15. Prove that the time required for the completion of 5.2 g cm–3. How many atoms of the element does 200
3/4th of the reaction of first order is twice the g of the element contain ?
time required for the completion of half of the
reaction. 25. (a) Describe the preparation of KMnO4 from
pyrolusite ore.
16. When a certain conductivity cell was filled with 0.1 M (b) Among ionic species, Sc+3, Ce+4 and Eu+2, which
KCl, it has a resistance of 85 Ω at 25ºC. When the one is good oxidizing agent ?
same cell was filled with an aqueous solution of 0.052 (Atomic numbers : Sc = 21, Ce = 58, Eu = 63 )
M unknown electrolyte the resistance was 96 Ω.
26. (a) Assign a reason for each of the following
Calculate the molar conductivity of the unknown
statements :
electrolyte at this concentration. (Specific
(i) Di-methyl amine is stronger base than
conductivity of 0.1 M KCl = 129 × 10–2 ohm–1cm–1).
tri-methyl amine in aq. solution.
(ii) Explain why ? Benzamide is more basic in
17. Give methods of preparation of XeO3 and XeOF4.
comparision to acetamide.
18. Explain giving reason : (b) How would you convert aryl amine into
(i) Copper (I) is diamagnetic whereas copper (II) is cynobenzene.
paramagnetic
(ii) K2PtCl6 is a well known compound whereas the
corresponding Ni compound does not exist.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 73 DECEMBER 2011

27. (a) Why chelated complexes are more stable than
unchelated complexes ? MATHEMATICS
(b) Write IUPAC names of :
(i) K3 [Al(C2O4)3]
(ii) [Mn (H2O)6] S Section A

28. You are provided with four reagents :

LiAlH4, I2/NaOH, NaHSO3 and Schiff's reagent 1. Find order and degree of diff. equation
2
(a) Write which two reagents can be used to  dy  1
distinguish between the compounds in each of the   + =2
 dx  dy
following pairs :
dx
[3+2=5]
(i) CH3CHO and CH3COCH3
∫ tan
−1
(ii) CH3CHO and C6H5CHO 2. Evaluate : x dx .
(iii) C6H5COCH3 and C6H5COC6H5
(b) Account for the following :
(i) The order of reactivity of halogen acids with ether 3. Find unit vector in the direction of vector
→
is HI > HBr > HCl. a = 2 iˆ + 3 ĵ + k̂ .
(ii) The pKa value of chloroacetic acid is lower than
the pKa value of acetic acid.
→ → → →
Or 4. If a = iˆ + ĵ – 3 k̂ and b = ĵ + 2 k̂ . Find |2 b × a |
(a) An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon,
11.63% hydrogen and the rest is oxygen. The
molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does 5. Find the angle between the two planes
not reduce Tollens' reagent but forms an addition 3x – 6y – 2z = 7 and 2x + 2y – 2z = 5
compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and
gives a positive iodoform test. On vigorous 6. Construct a matrix of order 3 × 3, whose element aij
oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acids. is given by rule aij = (i + j)2.
Deduce the possible structure of the organic
compound. 7. Find a matrix X such that A + 2B + X = 0, where
(b) State reasons for the following : 2 − 1 − 1 1
(i) Monochloroethanoic acid has a higher pKa A=   ; B =  0 2 .
 3 5   
value than dichloroethanoic acid.
(ii) Ethanoic acid is a weaker acid than benzoic
acid.
sin 10º − cos 10º
8. Find value of .
29. (a) Density of 0.8 M aqueous solution of H2SO4 is sin 80º cos 80º
1.06 g mL–1. Calculate the concentration of
solution in (i) mol fraction (ii) molality (molar 9. Let f = {(1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 1), (3, 2)} and
mass of H2SO4 = 98 g mol–1). g = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)} then find gof (1).
(b) Heptane and octane form ideal solution. At 373
K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid 10. Find derivative of sin–1 (2 x 1 − x 2 ) w.r.to x.
components are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa,
respectively. What will be the vapour pressure,
in bar, of a mixture of 25.0 g of heptane and 35.0
g of octane ? Section B

30. (a) Explain the following giving reasons : 11. A and B are mutually exclusive events of an
(i) H3PO3 is diprotic. experiment. If P (Not A) = 0.65, P (A ∪ B) = 0.65
(ii) Nitrogen does not form pentahalides and P (B) = p. Find the value of p.
(iii) SF6 is well known but SH6 is not known
(b) Complete the equations : x 1 + sin x cos x 
(i) XeF6 + PF5 →
12. Evaluate ∫e 
 cos 2 x
 dx.

(ii) AlN + H2O →
cos θ
13. Evaluate ∫ (2 + sin θ)(3 + sin θ) dθ
OR

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 74 DECEMBER 2011

 3x + 1
Evaluate : ∫ 2x 2
− 2x + 3
dx . Section C
23. The bag A contains 5 red and 3 green balls and bag B
14. Find the diff. equation of the family of curves contains 3 red and 5 green balls. One ball is drawn
y = a sin (bx + c), a and c being parameter. from bag A and two from bag B. Find the Probability
OR that of the three balls drawn two are red and one is
green.
dy
Solve the differential equation : x − y − 2x 3 = 0 .
dx 24. Find area between x2 + y2 = 4 and line x = 3 y in
→ → →
15. If a = iˆ – ĵ + 2 k̂ , b =2 iˆ + ĵ – 3 k̂ , c = iˆ +2 ĵ – k̂ , first quadrant
OR
→ → → → → → → → →
verify that a × ( b × c ) = ( a . c ) b –( a . b ) c . Find the area of the region
[(x, y) : y2 ≤ 4x, 4x2 + 4y2 ≤ 9]
16. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through
→ 25. Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line
the intersection of the planes r .(2 iˆ –7 ĵ + 4 k̂ ) =3
x y −1 z − 2
→ = = .
and r .(3 iˆ – 5 ĵ + 4 k̂ ) + 11=0 and passing through 1 2 3
the point (–2, 1, 3). 26. A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and
OR radios. He has only Rs 5,760 to invest and has a
Find the distance of the point (2, 3, 4) from the plane space for at most 20 items. A fan costs him Rs. 360
3x + 2y + 2z + 5 = 0, measured parallel to the line and a radio Rs. 240. His expectation is that he can
x+3 y−2 z sell a fan at a profit of Rs. 22 and a radio at a profit of
= = Rs. 18. Assuming that he can sell all the items he
3 6 2
buys, how should he invest his money for maximum
profit ? Translate the problem as LPP and solve it
17. Using properties of determinats, prove that graphically.
1+ a 1 1
 1 1 1 27. Evaluate the following integrals as limit of sums
1 1+ b 1 = abc 1 + + + 
 a b c 2
1 1+ c
∫ (x
1 2
+ 3) dx .
OR 0
4 − 5 − 11 1 − 1 0 
If A = 1 − 3 1  find A–1 28. Given that A = 2 3 4 and
2 3 − 7  0 1 2
 2 2 − 4
18. If f (x) = cos x, g(x) = x2, then show that
B = − 4 2 − 4 find A.B. Use this to solve the

fog (x) ≠ gof (x)
 2 − 1 5 
19. Show that curve xy = a2 and x2 + y2 = 2a2 touch each following system of equations
other. x–y=3
2x + 3y + 4z = 17
20. Find the derivative of xex from first principle. y + 2z = 7
OR
21. If cos y = x cos (a + y), then prove that Using matrix method solve the following system of
linear equations
dy cos 2 (a + y )
= . 2x – 3y + 5z = 11
dx sin a 3x + 2y – 4z = –5
22. Determine f (0) so that function f (x) is defined by x + y – 2z = –3
(4 x − 1) 3 29. If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side
f (x) = becomes continuous at x = 0.
 x  x2  of right angled triangle is given, show that the area of
sin   log1 + 
 triangle is maximum when the angle between them is
4  3  π/3.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 75 DECEMBER 2011

 XtraEdge Test Series
ANSWER KEY
IIT- JEE 2012 (December issue)
PHYSICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans A,C C A D A A A D D
Ques 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans 3 4 6 4 8 7 0012 0049 0005

C HE M ISTR Y
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans A B A C A,B A,B,C A A D
Ques 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans 4 4 3 1 4 6 0108 0001 0041

MATHEMATICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans B,C,D A C,D C C B,D D C D
Ques 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans 6 3 5 9 6 3 0012 1440 0000

IIT- JEE 2013 (December issue)

PHYSICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans A A B C B D B D D
Ques 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans 6 7 1 4 5 4 0200 0004 0008

C HE M ISTR Y
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans B,C,D B A A B,C,D D C A B
Ques 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans 4 1 1 6 1 4 0002 0094 0496

MATHEMATICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans A,B,C B C,D A C B,C B C A
Ques 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans 6 0 3 5 6 6 0766 0010 1331

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 76 DECEMBER 2011