අ�යයන ෙපා� සහ�ක ප�ර (උස� ෙපළ) �රාෙයෝ�කව �භාගය - 2018

fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu (cah; ju) gapw;rpg; guPl;ir – Mb> 2018
General Certificate of Education (Adv.Level) Practice Examination – July, 2018
තා�ෂණෙ�දය සඳහා ��යාව I පැය ෙදක�
njhopEl;gtpaYf;fhd tpQ;Qhdk; I 67 T I Neuk;: ,uz;L kzpj;jpahyk;
Science for Technology I Time: Two hours

mwpTWj;jy;fs;: Grade – 13 (2018 Batch)

∗ vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil jUf.
∗ tpilj;jhspy; jug;gl;Ls;s ,lj;jpy; ckJ Rl;nlz;iz vOJf.
∗ 1 njhlf;fk; 50 tiuAs;s tpdhf;fs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) vd vz;zplg;gl;l tpilfspy; rhpahd
my;yJ kpfg;nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J> mjidf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ijj; jug;gl;Ls;s
mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F mika tpilj;jhspy; Gs;sb (X) ,LLtjd; %yk; fhl;Lf.
∗ (fzpg;ghd;fs; gad;gLj;j ,lkspf;fg;glkhl;lhJ)

1. tspkz;ly iejuridg; gjpf;ff; $ba RahjPdthop gw;wPupah vJ?

1. Salmonella 2. Nitrobacter 3. Azotobacter 4. Rhizobium 5.Acetobacter

2. xU Ez;zq;fp gw;wpa rpy tplq;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

(1) ,tw;Wf;F xl;rprd; mD$ykhdnjhd;wy;y. Fiwe;jsT xl;rprd; Rthrpj;jYf;F NghJkhdJ.
(2) rf;jpia gpwg;gpf;f xl;rpridg; gad;gLj;jhjit
(3) nehjpj;jy; nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bait.
Nkw;gb tpguq;fSf;F nghUj;jkhd Ez;zq;fp gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

(1) 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (2) 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 (3) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

(4) 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 (5) 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

3. caphpay; gPilnfhy;ypfs; njhlHghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

(A) − ,it #oy; Neaj;jd;ikAilad.
(B) − capHg;gPil ehrpdpfs; jw;Nghija cyfpy; caphpay; Mgj;ij tpistpf;f$bad
(C) − Esk;Gfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) tif tpj;jpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

,f;$w;Wf;fSs; rhpahdJ vJ?

(1) A kl;Lk; rhpahdJ (2) A Ak; B Ak; rhpahdit
(3) A Ak; C Ak; rhpahdit (4) B Ak; C Ak; rhpahdit
(5) A Ak; B Ak; C Ak; rhpahdit

4. guk;giuayF(kugZ) kPspizg;G njhopEl;gk; (Genetic Recombinant Technology) njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk;

$w;WfSs; gpioahd $w;W vJ?
(1) Njitahd guk;giuayif ntl;b Ntwhf;fpf;nfhs;sg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nehjpaj; njhFjp fl;Lg;gl;l mf
epAf;fpspNaR (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒) MFk;
(2) ntl;bnaLf;fg;gl;l 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 rq;fpypapd; ghfj;ij Ntwhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F n[y; kpd;kPs;flj;jy; %yk; ghpfhpg;G
nra;ag;gLk;.
(3) mq;fpapd; njhpTnra;ag;gl;l guk;giuayif gpupj;njLf;f 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 nghypkNuR nehjpak; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
(4) Njitahd guk;giuayif; nfhz;l DNA ghfj;ij gpsh];kpl;Lld; njhlu;GgLj;j 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ypNf];
(DNA Ligase) nehjpak; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
(5) kPs; ,izg;G nra;ag;gl;l gpsh];kpl;bDs; nrYj;Jtjw;Ff; fhuzk; gw;wPupaf; fyq;fspy; gpshRkpl;Lf;fs;
RahjPdkhf kPs;ngUf;fkilAk;.

5. FSf;NfhRg; ghif Guf;;NuhRg; ghfhf khw;Wtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU nehjpak; clw; gUkidf;

Fiwf;Fk; czTfspy; (Slimming food) rpwpa msTfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e; nehjpak; vJ?

(1) nrYNyR (Cellulase) (2) ypg;NgR (Lipase) (3) fhNghitjNuR (Carbohydrase)

(4) INrhkNuR (Isomerase) (5) GNuhw;wpNaR (Protease)

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6. jug;gl;l %yf;$w;Wf; fl;likg;G ngaHr;NrhbfSs; gpioahff; fhl;LtJ vJ?
(1) FSf;NfhR(my;NlhR) (2) FSl;lhkpf;fkpyk; (3) fPw;NwhR (,Ui`l;nwhf;rp mrw;Nwhd;)

(4) Guf;NuhR (5) Nyhhpf;fkpyk;

7. Njq;fhnaz;izapypUe;J rtHf;fhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpujhd ,urhad myFr; nraw;ghL

(Chemical Unit operation) gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

(1) fhu ePHg;;gFg;G (2) eLepiyahf;fy; (3) xl;rpNaw;wy;

(4) fyf;Fjy; (5) vRj;juhf;fy;

8. capu;Bry; khjpupNahd;W B60 vdg; ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd;%yk; fUjg;gLtJ>

(1) 40% capu; BrYk;; 60% ngw;Nwhypa BrYk; mlq;fpAs;sJ vd;gjhFk;.
(2) 60% capu; BrYk;; 40% ngw;Nwhypa BrYk; mlq;fpAs;sJ vd;gjhFk;.
(3) 60% jhtu vz;nzAk; 40% nkjNdhYk; mlq;fpAs;sJ vd;gjhFk;.
(4) 60% nkjNdhYk; 40% jhtu vz;nzAk; mlq;fpAs;sJ vd;gjhFk;.
(5) 100% capu; Bry;

9. A(aq) + 2B(aq) → 3C(aq) vDk; jhf;fj;jpd; t Neukhw;wj;jpdhy; jhf;ftPjj;Jf;fhd Nfhitiar; rhpahff;

fhl;LtJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

3
(1) ∆A(aq) ×t (2) ∆B(aq) (3) 3×∆C(aq) (4) 3×∆C(aq) × t (5) ∆A(aq) ×t ×
2
2t t
10. Kjyhd mDNrgpfs; vd;git mq;fpnahd;wpd; tsu;r;rp> tpUj;jp> ,dg;ngUf;fk; Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ Neubahfj;
njhlu;GWk; ,aw;ifahd cw;gj;jpfshFk;. Kjyhd mDNrgp tifiar; Nruhj Nrjdr; Nru;itf; $l;lk;
gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
(1) [pd;[Nuhy; (2) Gujq;fs; (3) vjNdhy;
(4) Rf;FNuhR (5) iwNghgpnstpd; (tpw;wkpd; B2 )

11. gpd;tUk; gy;gFjpaq;fSs; xLq;fy; gy;gFjpaj;ijj; jUtJ

(1) nghypj;jPd; (2) nug;Nyhd; (3) nghyp];ijhpd;
(4) nghyp INrhgphpd; (5) Ngf;iyl;L

12. ,aw;if cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis Kjd;ik mDNrg cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs; vdTk; JizaDNrg cw;gj;jpg;
nghUl;fs; vdTk; NtWgphpf;fyhk;. Kjd;ik> Jiz mDNrg cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd NrHitfis KiwNa rhpahff;
Fwpg;gJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
(1) tpw;wkpd;fs;> fhNghitjNuw;Wfs;
(2) mw;fnyapl;Lf;fs;> NjHg;gpndhapl;Lf;fs;
(3) gpstpndhapl;Lf;fs;> eWkz vz;nza;fs;
(4) fhNghitjNuw;Wf;fs;> Gujq;fs;
(5) Gujq;fs;> eWkz vz;nza;fs;.

13. ntg;gapaf;ftpaypy; jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhFjpapd; ,ay;G gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

(1) #oYld; rf;jp kl;Lk; gupkhw;wkiljy;

(2) #oYld; gjhu;j;jq;fs; gupkhw;wkiljy;
(3) #oYld; rf;jpAk; rlg;nghUl;fSk; gupkhw;wkiljy;
(4) #oYld; rf;jpAk; gjhu;j;jq;fSk; gupkhw;wkilahjpUj;jy;
(5) mfpyk; KOtJk; mlq;fpapUj;jy;

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14. jhf;fnkhd;wpd; Vtw;rf;jpapy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJ>
(1) ntg;gepiy (2) jhf;fpfspd; msT (3) jhf;fpfspd; nrwpT
(4) jhf;fpfspd; ngsjpfj; jd;ik (5) jhf;fq;fspy; gq;nfLf;Fk; Cf;fp

15. Nru;itfis Ntwhf;fp ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf fljhrp epwg;gjptpay; El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mbf;NfhLk;

fiug;ghd; fiury; kl;lKk; rhpahf mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. epwg;gjpapy;jhs; nghJthf Nthl;r;nkd; jhs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. epwg;gjpapaypy; ,j;jhs; gad;gLj;jf; fhuzk; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

(1) fljhrpj; Jz;lhdJ ngUkstpy; nrYNyhR ehu;fisf; nfhz;ljhy; mjpYs;s ePH %yf;$Wfs; epiyahd
mtj;ijahfj; njhopw;gly;
(2) fljhrpj; Jz;lhdJ ngUkstpy; nrYNyhR ehu;fisf; nfhz;ljhy; ,aq;Fk; mtj;ijahfj; njhopw;gly;
(3) kapHj;Jisf;ftHr;rp fhuzkhf epiyahd mtj;ijapy; NtW jputq;fs; mirahky; ,Uf;f ,J
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
(4) ,aq;Fk; mtj;ijahf ePH %yf;$Wfs; fhzg;gly;.
(5) GtpaPHg;G tpirapdhy; jputj;ij mg;gbNa mirahky; itj;jpUg;gjw;F

16. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ J}a cw;gj;jp nrad;Kiwg; gad;ghlhFk;?

(1) epyf;fupapdhy; ,af;fg;gLk; mdy; kpd;dpiyaq;fspypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gLk; fopT thAtpypUe;J SO2
thAit tbj;J ePf;fpa gpddu;; tpLtpj;jy;.
(2) czT rikg;gjw;fhfg; nghJthd Kiwiaj; jtpu;j;J mKf;ftLg;igg; gad;gLj;jy;.
(3) xU jlit gadgLj;jpa gpd;du; fopj;njhJf;fg;gLk; gpshj;jpf;Fg; Nghj;jy;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
gad;gLj;jj;jf;f fz;zhbg; ghj;jpuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;.
(4) xU jlit gad;gLj;jpa gpd;du; fopj;njhJf;Fk; fhgd; kpd;fyj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
kpd;Ndw;wf;$ba Nrkpg;Gf; fyj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
(5) jfLfis ntl;Ltjw;nfd Nyru; njhopy;Dl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

17. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; fhyepiy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd vd;gjw;fhd rhd;whff; fUjKbahjJ.

(1) g+NfhsuPjpahff; fUJk;NghJ Fwpg;gpl;l gpuNjrnkhd;wpd; Fiwthd gfw;fhy> ,uhf;fhy vz;zpf;if
gbg;gbahff; Fiwtile;Js;sik.
(2) mz;kpj;j jrhg;jq;fspy; Gtpapd; ruhrup ntg;gepiy 0.85℃ ,dhy; mjpfupj;Js;sik.
(3) kj;jpaNfhl;bw;F mz;kpj;j gpuNjrq;fs; rpytw;wpy; fpilf;Fk; kiotPo;r;rp gbg;gbahff; Fiwtile;Js;sik.
(4) madkz;lyj;ijr; rhu;e;j gpuNjrq;fspy; mjpfstpy; Gay; Vw;gly;.
(5) vy; - epNdh epiyik Vw;gly;.

18. cUtpy; cs;s Kf;Nfhzp ABC apd; gug;gsT

(1) 2√33 cm2 (2) 7 cm2 (3) 14 cm2
(4) 28 cm2 (5) 66 cm2

19. fpilahd jiuapd; kPJ epiyf;Fj;jhd ,uz;L fk;gpfisf; nfhz;L ABC nrq;Nfhz
Kf;Nfhz mwptpj;jw; gyifnahd;W epiyf;Fj;jhf epWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. AC = BC = 3√2
Mapd; AE fk;gj;jpd; cauk; 2m MFk;. CD fk;gj;jpd; cauj;ijj; jUtJ>
(1) 3m (2) 4m (3) 5m
(4) 6√2m (5) 8√2m

a
20. tan θ = b Mapd; cos 𝜃𝜃apd; ngWkhdk; gpd;tUdtw;Ws; vJ?
𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎
(1) � � (2) √𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 (3) (4) (5)
𝑎𝑎 �𝑎𝑎2 +𝑏𝑏 2 �𝑎𝑎2 +𝑏𝑏 2 �𝑎𝑎2 −𝑏𝑏 2

21. mUfpYs;s 𝑄𝑄� = 90° Mff; nfhz;l 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 vDk; nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzpnahd;wpy; 𝑅𝑅� =
37°Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> QR ,d; ngWkhdj;ijj; jUtJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ? (Sin
370 = 0.6)

(1) 4cm (2) 6cm (3) 8cm

(4) 10cm (5) 12cm

22. xU tFg;gpYs;s 5 khztHfspd; jpzpTfspd; ,il 49kg MFk;. ,d;ndhU tFg;gpYs;s 8 khztHfspd;
jpzpTfspd; ,il 54kg MFk;. ,t;tpUtFg;G nkhj;j khztHfspdJ ruhrhp ,ilj; jpzpT
(1) 41.5 kg (2) 52.1 kg (3) 54.8 kg (4) 49.7 kg (5) 51.5kg

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23. xU tFg;gpy; gj;J khztHfs; ngw;w fzpjghl ghPl;irapy; ngw;w ,Wjpg;Gs;spfs; 𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑥𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑥10 vdpd;>
∑10
𝑖𝑖=1(𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 55) = −8 MFk;. ,jpypUe;J ,Wjpg;Gs;spfspd; ,iliaj; jUtJ
(1) 54.2 (2) 55 (3) 44 (4) 52.4 (5) 68.75

24. gpd;tUk; rkd;ghLfisf; fUJf.

1
A. y= − x
2
1
B. y= x
2
1
C. y = − x + 2016
2
,r;rkd;ghLfspy; NfhL y = 2x ,w;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhd xU NeHNfhl;bd; rkd;ghL/ rkd;ghLfs;
(1) A khj;jpuk; (2) B khj;jpuk; (3) C khj;jpuk;
(4) A,B khj;jpuk; (5) A,C khj;jpuk;

25. P≡11, 0, Q≡3, 4 Mfpatw;wpd; eLg;Gs;sp R MFk;. RO ,d; (O vd;gJ cw;gj;jpg; Gs;spahFk;) eLg;Gs;spapd;
Ms;$Wfs; vit?
2 1 1
(1) (2, - 1) (2) (7, 2) (3) �2 , 1 � (4) (14, 4) (5) �3 , 1�
3 3 2

26. njf;fhl;bd; jsj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,UGs;spfspd; Ms;$Wfs; B ≡(2,3), C ≡(4, 7) MFk;. AB = BC MFkhW ,Ug;gpd;
Gs;sp A apd; Ms;$Wfs;>
(1) (3, 5) (2) (0, -1) (3) (6, 10) (4) (2, 4) (5) (-1, 0)

27. fPOs;s tplaq;fisf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sTk;

A - td;nghUs;fSf;Fk; nkd;nghUs;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa njhlu;ig Vw;gLj;jy;.
B - er;R epuy; (itu];) fSf;F vjpuhfr; nraw;gLjy;.
C - Njly; nghwpahfr; nraw;gly;.
D - Gwtl;lr; rhjdq;fisf; (Peripheral Devices) fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
NkYs;stw;wpy; gzpnray; Kiwiknahd;wpd; nray; / nray;fs; vit?
(1) A Ak; B Ak; (2) A Ak; D Ak; (3) B Ak; C Ak;
(4) A Ak; C Ak; D Ak; (5) A Ak; C Ak;

28. gl;bapy; FwpaPl;L (bar code) thrpg;G mlq;FtJ>

(1) tUtpisTr; rhjdnkhd;W (2) cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdnkhd;W (3) ,af;fpr; rhjdnkhd;W
(4) nrayhf;f rhjdnkhd;W (5) Nkw;$wpa vJTky;y

29. ,af;f Kiwikj; njhFjpnahd;whtJ>

(A) Windows (B) Linux (C) MS – DOS (D) Excel

(1) A kw;Wk; B (2)A kw;Wk; C (3) C kw;Wk; D (4)A,B kw;Wk; C (5)Nkw;$wpa midj;Jk;

30. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; fzpdpnahd;wpd; epidtf Kfhikj;Jtk;> gzp Kfhikj;Jtk;> Nfhg;G Kfhikj;Jtk; Mfpa
nraw;ghLfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ vJ?
(1) Kiwtopahf;fp (2) gpuNahf nkd;nghUs; (3) gzpnray; Kiwik
(4) tiufiy gadu; ,ilKfk; (5) jw;Nghf;Fg; ngWtop epidtfk;

31. mr;Rg;nghwpnahd;wpy; gpd;tUk; ,ay;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

A mr;rpLk; NghJ xyp ntspg;gLfpwJ
C mr;Rg; gpujpfs; juk; FiwthdJ
,e;j mr;Rg; nghwpahdJ> gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
(1) Gs;sp mikTU mr;Rg;nghwp (Dot matrix)
(3) Nyru; mr;Rg;nghwp (Laser - Jet)
(5) jpiur;rl;lf mr;Rg;gyit (Screen printer)
B mr;rpLk; Ntfk; ke;jkhdJ
D mr;rply; nryT rhu;gstpy; FiwthdJ
(2) ikg;gPr;R mr;Rg;nghwp (Ink - Jet)
(4) ntg;g mr;Rg;nghwp (Thermal printer)

32. tiyj;jsnkhd;iw ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fupa jdpj;Jtkhd (unique) ngau; vd;d?

(1) IP Kftup (2) Ms;fsg; ngau; (Domine Name) (3) cyfshtpatiy (www)
(4) ts ,lq;fhl;b (URL) (5) kpd;dQ;ry; Kftup.

33. tpupjhs; nkd;nghUnshd;wpy; rpw;wiwnahd;wpy; (Cell) GFj;jg;gl;Ls;s rhu;Gf;F cjhuzk; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
(1) = A3 + B1 (2) = A1+B3*A10 (3) = Count(A1:A5)
(4) SUM (A5:A10) (5) = 45+60

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34. kpd;dQ;rypy; gy;NtW ,izaq;fs; %yk; ngwg;gLk; Njitaw;w fbjq;fis jLj;Jf; nfhs;s gad;gLtJ.
(1) Inbox (2) Sent Items (3) Attach (4) Spam (5) CC

35. http://www.doenets.lk vd;gJ

(1) Nritafk; (a server)
(2) rPuhd ts ,Ug;gplq;fhl;b (Uniform Resource Locator)
(3) tiyaikg;G xd;wpd; mZfy; FwpKiw (access code of a network)
(4) epWtdnkhd;wpd; kpd;mQ;ry; Kftup (an email address of an organization)
(5) mjpfhuk; ngw;w Nritafk; (Proxy server)

36. ,e;jg; gzpj;jhspd; C2 rpw;wiwapy; = (A1-B1)/A2 + B1 vd vOJtjhy;

fpilf;Fk; ngWNgW ahJ?
(1) 31 (2) 25 (3) 75
(4) 6 (5) 55

37. fzpdp nkd;nghUnshd;iwg; ghtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ fzpdp jk;gpj (Stuck) epiyia mile;jJ.
,d;nkd;nghUis %btpLtjw;fhd “Task manager” rhsuj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fupa rhtpr; Nru;khdk; vJ?
(1) Alt + Ctrl + T (2) Alt + Ctrl + Delete (3) Ctrl + Alt + End
(4) Alt + Ctrl + F4 (5) Ctrl + Alt + Backspace

38. NtzpaH ,Lf;fpnahd;wpd; ,U Gwj;jhilfSk; JUg;gpbj;Js;sikahy; mjd; NtzpahpdJk;> gpujhd

mstpilapdJk; G+r;rpag; Gs;spfs; ,uz;Lk; tpyfpapUf;fpd;wd. ,f;fUtpiaf; nfhz;L ngWk; mstPLfisj;
jpUj;Jtjw;F>
(1) G+r;rpatOit thrpg;Gld; $l;lNtz;Lk;
(2) G+r;rpatOit thrpg;gpypUe;J fopf;f Ntz;Lk;
(3) cgfuzj;jpd; ,opntz;zpf;ifia thrpg;Gld; $l;lNtz;Lk;
(4) cgfuzj;jpd; ,opntz;zpf;ifia thrpg;gpypUe;J fopf;f Ntz;Lk;
(5) gy thrpg;Gfisg; ngw;w gpd;G mjd; ruhrhpiaf; fzpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

39. ghY}l;bnahd;wpd; ,jaj;jpy; xt;nthU Jbg;gpd;NghJk;> Vwf;Fiwa 20 fpuhk; ,uj;jkhdJ> 0.10 nrf;fd; Neuj;jpy;
0.25ms −1 fjpapypUe;J 0.35ms −1 ,w;F MHKLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,Ujaj; jirehhpdhy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ruhrhp
tpirapd; gUkidj; jUtJ>
(1) 0.002N (2) 0.02N (3) 0.2N (4) 2N (5) 200N

40. xU nghUs; 8W rf;jpia 10 epkplq;fSf;F ngWfpd;wJ. ,r;rf;jpiag; gad;gLj;jp 3kg nghUis vt;tsT
cauj;Jf;F caHj;j KbAk;?
(1) 260m (2) 240m (3) 160m (4) 540m (5) 200m

41. 120kg jpzpTila cyq;F thD}Hjp xd;W 4.5ms −1 khwhNtfj;jpy; gazQ;nra;fpd;wjhapd;> mjd; vQ;rpdpd; tY
vt;tsT?
(1) 5.4 kW (2) 6.3 kW (3) 7.3 kW (4) 8.3 kW (5) 9.3 kW

42. J}a gjhHj;jnkhd;W khwh tPjj;jpy; ntg;gj;ij cWQ;Rk;NghJ>

mg;gjhHj;jj;jpd; ntg;gepiy (θ) vjpH Neuk; (t) cldhd khwiy
tiuG fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,g;gjhHj;jjpd; jpz;k jput mtj;ij ,uz;L
epiyfspYk; ,Uf;ff;$ba ntg;gepiy>

(1) 30℃ (2) 70℃ (3) 110℃

(4) 150℃ (5) 190℃

43. jpz;k cUisnahd;wpd; Miu 0.051m ck; cauk; 0.003m ck; MFk;. ,t;TUisahdJ mlHj;jpfs; KiwNa
3 3
1950 kg/m ck; 1470 kg/m ck; nfhz;l ,U ntt;NtW gjhHj;jq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;tpU gjhHj;jq;fSk;
rkfdtsT NrHf;fg;gl;L Mf;fg;gl;l ,t;TUisapd; jpzpT>
(1) 8.4 ×10-2 kg (2) 6.5 ×10-2 kg (3) 4.2 ×10-2 kg
-2 -2
(4) 7.1×10 kg (5) 5.3 ×10 kg

44. ,yl;rpa epiykhw;wp xd;wpdJ Kjd;ikr;RUs; 240𝑉𝑉 ,y; 0.1A Xl;lj;ij vLf;fpd;wJ. ,e;epiykhw;wpapdJ>
Jizr;RUspdJ gag;G Nthy;w;wsT 12𝑉𝑉 MapUg;gpd;> Jizr;RUspYs;s Xl;lk;>
(1) 0.005𝐴𝐴 (2) 0.1𝐴𝐴 (3) 1.5𝐴𝐴 (4) 2𝐴𝐴 (5) 2.4𝐴𝐴

-5-
45. 25𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ePsKs;s fk;gpahdJ 0.4𝑇𝑇 gha mlu;j;jpAila rPuhd Gyj;jpy; nrq;Fj;jhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 3𝐴𝐴 Xl;lj;ij
fhTk; NghJ mjdpy; nraw;gl;l tpiriaf; fhz;f?
(1) 3𝑁𝑁 (2) 1𝑁𝑁 (3) 0.4𝑁𝑁 (4) 0.3𝑁𝑁 (5) 30𝑁𝑁

46. ,sQ;#l;L jpz;kg; nghUnshd;W Rw;whlYf;fhd ntg;g ,og;G tPjkhdJ>

(a) mjdJ Nkw;gug;Gg; gug;gstpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk;.
(b) mjdJ ntg;gf;nfhs;sstpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk;.
(c) mjdJ ntg;gf;flj;Jjpwdpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; .
,f;$w;Wf;fspy;>
(1) 𝑎𝑎 khj;jpuk; cz;ikahdJ (2) 𝑏𝑏 khj;jpuk; cz;ikahdJ
(3) 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 khj;jpuk; cz;ikahdJ (4) 𝑎𝑎, 𝑐𝑐 khj;jpuk; cz;ikahdit
(5) 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐 vd;gd cz;ikahdit

47. cUthdJ> Fohnahd;wpy; gpRf;Fikaw;w> mKf;Fk; jftw;w ghapapd;

gha;r;riyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mb 𝑃𝑃2 ghAk; ghapapd; mKf;fkhdJ NkNy
𝑃𝑃1 ,y; cs;s mKf;fj;jpw;F rkk;. cs;EioAk; ghapapd; fjp 𝑣𝑣1 =
2m/s MFk;. FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gfs; 𝐴𝐴1 : 𝐴𝐴2 ,w;fhd tpfpjj;ijj;
jUtJ>
(1) 2:1 (2) 4:1 (3) 8:1 (4) 4:3 (5) 1:2

48. xU kPf;flj;jpf;Fj; jdp ntg;gepiy (T) ,w;Fk; jilj;jpwd; (ρ) ,w;FkpilNa cs;s khwiy kpf ed;whf
tifFwpg;gJ

49. glj;jpYs;s tiyNtiyg;ghnlhd;wpy;> 𝑃𝑃, 𝑄𝑄 Mfpatw;Wf;Ff; FWf;Nf

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; mOj;jNtWghL 150𝑉𝑉 MFk;. Gs;spfs; 𝑅𝑅, 𝑆𝑆 Mfpatw;Wf;Ff;
FWf;NfAs;s mOj;jNtWghL.
(1) 25V (2) 50𝑉𝑉 (3) 100𝑉𝑉 (4) 150𝑉𝑉 (5) 200𝑉𝑉

50. nrg;G fk;gpAk; rpypf;fd; gspq;Fk; 50K ntg;gepiyapypUe;J miwntg;gepiyf;F

tUk; tiu ntg;gg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,t;tpU gjhHj;jq;fs; gw;wpa gpd;tUk;
$w;Wf;fisf; fUJf
A. nrg;gpdJ jilj;jpwd; Fiwtila rpypf;fdpdJ jilj;jpwd; mjpfhpf;Fk;
B. nrg;gpdJ jilj;jpwd; mjpfhpf;;f rpypf;fdpdJ jilj;jpwd; FiwtilAk;
C. ,t;tpU gjhHj;jq;fspd; jilfs; mjpfhpf;Fk;
D. ,t;tpU gjhHj;jq;fSk; cNyhff; flj;jpfshFk;.
,f;$w;Wf;fSs;>
(1) a kl;Lk; cz;ikahdJ (2) b kl;Lk; cz;ikahdJ
(3) a, d Mfpad kl;Lk; cz;ikahdit (4) b, c Mfpad kl;Lk; cz;ikahdit
(5) b, c, d Mfpad kl;Lk; cz;ikahdit

*************************

-6-
 අ�යයන ෙපා� සහ�ක ප�ර (උස� ෙපළ) �රාෙයෝ�කව �භාගය - 2018
fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu (cah; ju) gapw;rpg; guPl;ir – Mb> 2018
General Certificate of Education (Adv.Level) Practice Examination – July, 2018

තා�ෂණෙ�දය සඳහා ��යාව I I පැය �න�

njhopEl;gtpaYf;fhd tpQ;Qhdk; II %d;W kzpj;jpahyk;
Science for Technology II 67 T II Three hours

gFjp 𝐀𝐀 − mikg;Gf; fl;Liu Grade – 13 (2018 Batch)

∗ vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; ,j;jhspNyNa tpil jUf.
∗ xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; tplg;gl;Ls;s ,lj;jpy; ckJ tpilfis vOJf. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lk; ckJ
tpilfSf;Fg; NghJkhdJ vd;gijAk; tphpthd tpilfs; mtrpakpy;iy vd;gijAk; ftdpf;f.

gFjp 𝐁𝐁, 𝐂𝐂, 𝐃𝐃 − fl;Liu

∗ 𝐁𝐁, 𝐂𝐂, 𝐃𝐃 Mfpa xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; xt;nthU tpdh tPjk; njhpe;njLj;J ehd;F
tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk; tpil vOJf. ckf;F toq;fg;gLk; jhs;fis ,jw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jf.
,t;tpdhj;jhSf;nfd toq;fg;gl;l NeuKbtpy; vy;yhg; gFjpfisAk; 𝐀𝐀 MdJ 𝐁𝐁, 𝐂𝐂, 𝐃𝐃 Mfpa
gFjpfSf;F NkNy ,Uf;Fk;gbahf xUkpf;f ,izj;Jg; ghPl;ir Nkw;ghHitahshplk; ifaspf;f.

∗ tpdhj;jhspd; gFjpfs; 𝐁𝐁, 𝐂𝐂, 𝐃𝐃 Mfpatw;iw khj;jpuk; ghPl;ir kz;lgj;jpypUe;J ntspNa vLj;Jr; nry;y
mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.
 gFjp 𝐀𝐀 - mikg;Gf;fl;Liu
(vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;fSf;Fk; ,j;jhspNyNa tpil jUf)
1.
(a) gw;wPhpahf;fs; xl;rprd; rhHghff; fhl;Lk; njhlHGfSf;fika gpujhdkhf ehd;F Rthrg; gy;tifikiaf;
nfhz;ld. fPNoAs;s ml;ltizapy; epuy; A apy; jug;gl;l me;ehd;F Rthrg; gy;tifikf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
Ez;zq;fpfis njhpe;njLj;J epuy; B apy; vOJf.
Lactobacillus spp Mycobacterium spp Clostridium spp Escherichia coli Azotobacter spp

epuy; A epuy; B
Rthrg; gy;tifik cjhuzk;
fl;Lg;gl;l fhw;wpd;wptho; NfhYU gw;wPhpah
iejurd; gjpf;Fk; NfhsTU fhw;Wtho; gw;wPhpah
fhw;Wr;Rthrj;jpy; FSf;NfhRj; jfdj;jpy; <LgLk;
gw;wPhpah
rf;jp gpwg;gpj;jYf;fhf xl;rpridg; gad;gLj;jhJ
nehjpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gw;wPhpah
xl;rprd; mw;w epiyikfspd; fPo; nehjpj;jiy
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gw;wPhpah

(b) Ez;zq;fpfs;; gy;NtW cw;gj;jpf; ifj;njhopy;fs; gad;gLfpd;wd. rpy Ez;zq;fpfs; rhHe;j cw;gj;jpfs;
ml;ltizapy; jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;wpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Ez;zq;fpfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. nghUj;jkhd
Ez;zq;fpfisj; njhpe;njLj;J ml;ltiziag; G+Hj;jp nra;f.
Corynebacterium glutamicum Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acetobactor aciti
Lactobacillus lactis Penicillium chrysogenum
ifj;njhopYw;gj;jp gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Ez;zq;fp
(i) Ez;ZapHnfhy;yp cw;gj;jp

(ii) japH cw;gj;jp

(iii) fhrNeha;j; jLg;G kUe;J

cw;gj;jp
(iv) ,iyrPd; cw;gj;jp

(v) tpdhfphp cw;gj;jp

(c) guk;giuayF khw;w njhopEl;gj;jpdhy; kpf caH ju mq;fpfis cUthf;fk; nra;af;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
guk;giuayF nghwpapay; njhopEl;gj;jpy; gpd;tUk; nehjpaq;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;fisj; jUf.

(i) vd;Nlh epAf;fpspNaR : …………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) iyNfR (ypNfR) :. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) gpd;tUk; %yf;$w;Wf;fl;likg;Gf;fisf; fUJf.

A B
(i) NkNy cs;s fl;likg;Gfs; A, B vd;gd caphpay; %yf;$wpy; vt;tif kh%yf;$w;Wj; njhFjpf;Fs;
cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.
A : ……………………………………… B: ……………………………………..

(ii) fl;likg;G A jhtuq;fspy; khj;jpuk; fhzg;gLk;. ,f; fl;likg;G %yf;$wpd; ifj;njhopy; hPjpahd
gad;ghLfs; ,uz;L jUf.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 2 of 7
(iii) fl;likg;G B ,d; mbg;gil myF gpujhd rq;fpypAld; NrHe;jpUf;Fk; xOq;Ff;fika ehd;F tifahd
fl;likg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ehd;F tiff; fl;likg;Gf;fisAk; ngahpLf.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) fl;likg;G 𝐵𝐵 ,d; caphpay; hPjpapyhd Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.
(a) Rz;zf;fw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ePwhj Rz;zhk;G (CaO) cw;gj;jp
nra;Ak; ghuk;ghpa #isiatpl jpwd;kpf;f RoYk; #isiaf;
nfhz;L ePwhj Rz;zhk;ig cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Kiwia
mUfpYs;;s glk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,q;F RoYk; cUis
fpilAld; rha;thf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J mjd;
mr;irg;gw;wpr; Royf;$baJ. ,r;RoYk; cUis ,urhad
jhf;fmiwahFk;. #isapy; nkNjd; thA jfdkilAk; NghJ
Rz;zf;fy; gphpifailaj; Njitahd ntg;gk; njhlHr;rpahf
toq;fg;;gLfpd;wJ.

(i) ,g; nghwpaj;jpy; Rz;zf;fw;fis J}shf;fp ,Ltjd;

mD$yk; vd;d?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Rz;zhk;Gf;;fy;ypypUe;J (CaCO3) ePwhj Rz;zhk;ig (CaO) cw;gj;jpg; gphpifahdJ gpd;tUk; rkd;ghl;by;
fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;gphpifahdJ 900 ℃apy; epyTtJld; miwntg;gepiy 30℃ Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
CaCO3apd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT = 0.9 J g -1 ℃-1

CaCO3(s)→ CaO(s) + CO2(g)

a. xU nkw;wpf; njhd; CaCO3 ia 900 oC ntg;gepiy tiu cau;j;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd ntg;gj;jpd; msitf;
fzpf;f.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
b. xU nkw;wpf; njhd; CaCO3 ,id xU kzpj;jpahyj;jpDs; CaO(s) Mf khw;Wk; rpwpa njhopw;rhiyapy; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gLk; ePwhj Rz;zhk;gpd; jpzpitf; fzpf;f. ( CaCO3 ,d; %yu;jpzpT 100 g/mol> CaO ,d; %yu;jpzpT
56 g/mol, CO2 ,d; %yu;jpzpT 44 g/mol )

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………

Page 3 of 7
 c. Nkw;gbj; jhf;fj;jpd; jhf;f ntg;gk; 177.8 kJ MFk;. xU njhd; CaCO3 ia CaO(s) Mf khw;Wtjw;F toq;fg;gl
Ntz;ba nkhj;j ntg;;gj;jpd; msT vt;tsthFk;?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………

(b) vhpNrhlhit (NaOH) ifj;njhopy; uPjpapy; cw;gj;jp nra;tJ gy;NtW cw;gj;;jp eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s
Kbfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkd;wfl;Lf;fyj;jpd; glk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

(i) Nkw;Fwpj;j vhpNrhlh cw;gj;jpapd; mbg;gil ahJ?

.………………………………………………………………………………………………………
. .……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………
(ii) mNdhl;lhfTk; fNjhl;lhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;Lk; nghUs;fis vOJf.

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………
(iii) mNdhl;bYk; fNjhl;bYk; eilngWk; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd ,urhadr; rkd;ghLfis vOJf.

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………

(iv) Nkw;Fwpj;j nrad;KiwapNy 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵 Mfpatw;wpypUe;J ntspNaWk; thAf;fis Fwpg;gpLf.

. .……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………

(v) cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy; cUthFk; gf;ftpisTfspd; gad;ghLfs; xt;nthd;W tPjk; jUf.

. .……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………
. .……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………

(vi) cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy; E apw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUs; vJ? ,jd; nraw;ghL vd;d?
. .……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………
(vii) Nkw;Fwpj;j cw;gj;jpapd; gpujhd tpisnghUs; vhpNrhlhtpd; ,uz;L gad;ghLfisj; jUf.

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….

Page 4 of 7
3. ghlrhiy Ma;T$lj;jpy; fyit Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp XH cNyhfj;jpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;sitj;
Jzptjw;fhd xU ghpNrhjidf;fhf gpd;tUk; cUg;gbfs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
• fyf;fpAld; $ba ntg;gf;fhtypl;l xU fNyhhpkhdp>
• Kfitapy; Fwpg;gpl;lsT ePH>
• ntg;gkhdp xd;W>
• 100℃ ,w;F ntg;gkhf;fg;gl;l rpwpa cyH cNyhff; Fz;Lfs;
(a) ,g;ghpNrhjidapy; ntg;gKiwahff; fhtyplg;gl;l fNyhhpkhdpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjd; mD$yk; xd;iwf;
Fwpg;gpLf.

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
(b) ,g;ghpNrhjidf;F ckf;F Nkyjpfkhfj; Njitg;gLk; Ma;T$l cgfuzk; ahJ?

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
(c) ,g;ghpNrhjidapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Muk;g gbKiwfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. (miw ntg;gepiy 30℃)
(i) fNyhhpkhdpapd; jpzpT
(ii) ePH nfhz;l fNyhhpkhdpapd; jpzpT

Vida gbKiwfis vOJf.

(iii) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
(iv) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
(v) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) fNyhhpkhdpapDs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ePhpd; msT kpfr; rpwpajhf ,Uf;f$lhJ ,jw;fhd fhuzk; xd;iwf;
Fwpg;gpLf.

…………….……………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….

(e) fNyhhpkhdpapDs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ePhpd; msT kpfg; nghpajhf ,Ue;jhy; Vw;glf;$ba ,lH xd;iwf;
Fwpg;gpLf.

.………………………………………..….………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………..………………………………………………………………….……….
(f) ghpNrhjidapypUe;J gpd;tUk; ngWkhdq;fs; fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• cNyhff; Fz;Lfspd; jpzpT = 0.3kg
• fNyhhpkhdp + fyf;fp + ePH Mfpad ngWk; ntg;gk; = 2400 kJ
• cNyhff; Fz;Lfspd; ntg;gepiyf; FiwT = 64℃
(i) NkYs;s juTfisf; nfhz;L cNyhfj;jpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssitj; Jzpa gad;gLj;jf;$ba
Nfhitia vOJf.
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….

(ii) NkYs;s juTfisf; nfhz;L cNyhfj;jpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssitf; fzpf;f.

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
(g) ,g;ghpNrhjidf;Fj; Njitahd 100℃ ,w;F ntg;gkhf;fg;gl;l cNyhff; Fz;Lfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F
cNyhff; Fz;Lfis 100℃ If; nfhz;l ePHj;njhl;bapy; itj;J ntg;gkhf;fy; nghUj;jkhdjy;y.
,jw;fhd ,uz;L fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
Page 5 of 7
 (h) ,g;ghpNrhjidapy; rpwpa cNyhff; Fz;LfSf;Fg; gjpyhf cNyhj; J}isg; gad;gLj;jy; cfe;jjh?
,y;iyah vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(i) Mk; /,y;iy : …………………………………………………….
(ii) ckJ tpilf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf. …………………………………………………..

4. jputnkhd;wpd; mlHj;jpia mstpLtjw;F Ma;T$lj;jpy; gad;gLj;jj;jf;fJk; epiw ,lg;gl;lJk; nky;ypa

Rtiu cilaJkhd Nrhjidf;Foha; xd;W mUNf cUtpw; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. jhs; kpy;ypkPw;wH mstpil
xd;W Nrhjidf; Fohapd; cl;RthpNy epiyf;Fj;jhf xl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. mbg;gFjpapy; kzy; ,lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Fohapd; kPjpg; gFjpahdJ ePuhd FWf;Fnt;Lg; gug;gsT A iaf; nfhz;lJ.

(a) Muk;gj;jpNy kziy ,l;L epiwapl Ntz;bajd; mtrpak; ahJ?

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
(b) FohapNy kzy; ,lg;gl;l gFjpapd; fdtsT V Ak; kzYld; Nrhjidf;Fohapd; jpzpT M ck; MFk;.
m vDk; $Ljyhd xU jpzpT ,f;Foha;f;Fs; ,lg;gLk;NghJ mstpilapNy jput kl;lj;jpd; thrpg;G 𝑙𝑙
MFk;. jputj;jpd; mlHj;jp ρ vdpd;> 𝑙𝑙 ,w;Fk; m ,w;FkpilNaAs;s njhlHGilikiaf; fhl;Lk;
Nfhitnahd;iw vOJf.
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….…
(c) tiuG xd;iw tiue;J jputj;jpd; ρ iaj; JzpaNtz;bAs;sJ.
(i) ,jw;fhf (b) apNy ngw;w Nfhitia kPs xOq;FgLj;Jf.
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
(ii) kPs xOq;FgLj;jpa Nfhitf;F mr;Rf;fisf; Fwpj;J xU gUkl;lhd tiuig fPNo tiuf.

Page 6 of 7
 (iii) ,t;tiugpypUe;J vq;qdk; jputj;jpd; mlHj;jpiaj; Jzpayhk; vdf;$Wf.
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
(iv) ,t;tiugpypUe;J jputj;jpd; mlHj;jpiag; ngwj; Njitg;gLk; Nkyjpf mstPL ahJ?
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
(v) ,t;tstPl;ilg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s ePH gad;gLj;jf;$ba Ma;T$lfUitiag; ngahpLf.
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……

(d) jputq;fspd; mlHj;jpiaj; Jzpag; gad;gLj;Jk; ePukhdp cUtpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J

nghpa mfd;w Fkpo; xd;iwAk; msTNfhbl;l (juq;fzpj;j) xLq;fpa jz;L xd;iwAk;
nfhz;lJ.
(i) ePukhdpapd; mbapNy mfd;w Foha; ,Ug;gjw;fhd fhuzj;ij vOJf.

.……………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) ePukhdpapd; jz;L xLq;fpajhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) ePukhdpia epiyf;Fj;jhf kpjf;fr; nra;a ifahasg;gl;Ls;s cghak; ahJ?

.…………………………………………………………………………………………………
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) ePukhdpiaj; J}a ePupy; kpff;ftpLk; NghJ mJ Fwp 𝐴𝐴 tiuf;Fk; mkpo;jpUf;Fk;. gpd;dH> mjidr; nrwpe;j
cg;Gf;fiury; xd;wpy; kpjf;ftpLk;NghJ> mJ Gs;sp B tiuAk; Njq;fhnaz;izapy; kpjf;ftpLk;NghJ
Gs;sp 𝐶𝐶 tiuAk; mkpo;e;jpUf;Fnkdpy;> B, C Mfpa Gs;spfis NkNy jug;gl;l glj;jpy; Fwpf;f.

Page 7 of 7
 අධ්යයන ප ොදු සහතික ත්ර (උසස් ප ළ) ප්රොපයෝගිකව විභොගය - 2018
fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu (cah; ju) gapw;rpg; guPl;ir – Mb> 2018
General Certificate of Education (Adv.Level) Practice Examination – July, 2018

තොක්ෂණපේදය සඳහො විද්යොව II

Grade – 13
njhopEl;gtpaYf;fhd tpQ;Qhdk; II
Science for Technology II (2018 Batch) 67 T II
fl;Liu
 𝐁, 𝐂, 𝐃 Mfpa gFjpfs; xt;nthd;wpYkpUe;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU tpdhitNaDk; njhpTnra;J ehd;F
tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk; tpil vOJf.
 xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; 15 Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;

gFjp 𝐁 − fl;Liu
5.
A. fPNo xU juTj;njhFjpnahd;W jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jidg; gad;gLj;jp fPOs;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpiljUf.
7, 13, 5, 16, 13, 11, 20, 3, 17, 6, 23
(i) juTj;njhFjpapd; tPr;irf; fhz;f.
(ii) juTj;njhFjpapd; ,ilaj;ijf; fhz;f.
(iii) juTj;njhFjpapd; fhyiz ,iltPr;irf; fhz;f.
(iv) juTj;njhFjpapd; ,iliaf; fhz;f.

B. xU tFg;gpy; ,UgJ khztHfs; ngw;w fzpjghl ghPl;irapy; ngw;w ,Wjpg;Gs;spfs; 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … … . , 𝑥20 vdpd;>
∑20
𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 65) = −8 MFk;. ,jpypUe;J
(i) ,Wjpg;Gs;spfspd; ,iliaf; fzpf;f.
(ii) fPo;tUk; epaksthf;fy; %yk; ngWk; ,ilg;ngWkhdk; (a) apy; ngw;w ,ilia tpl NtWgLk; tpjj;ij
fzpg;Gf;fspdhy; fhl;Lf
(a) xt;NthH ,Wjpg;Gs;spAlDk; 5 Gs;spfisf; $l;Ljy;
(b) xt;NthH ,Wjpg;Gs;spAlDk; 10% Gs;spfis mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jy;

C. mbapd; Miu 30 𝑐𝑚 ck; cauk; 36 𝑐𝑚 ck; MfTs;s nghs;shd $k;gpd; kj;jpapy;

mbf;Fr; rkhe;jukhf ntl;b mfw;wpr; rhbnahd;W mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpjk; cUtpy;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
(i) rhbapy; epug;gf;$ba ePupd; fdtsT vt;tsT?
(ii) mikf;fg;gl;l rhbapy; ePiu epug;g> ntl;bafw;wg;gl;l $k;Gg;gFjp
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lnjdpd;> rhbapy; ePu; epuk;g vj;jid jlit ePiu Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?

6.
A.
(i) 3 kPw;wH MiuAila xU %ba Nfhsj;jhq;fpapdJk; 3 kPw;wH MiuAk; 4 kPw;wH cauKk; nfhz;l xU
%ba nrt;tl;l cUisj; jhq;fpapdJk; fdtsTfs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W rknkddf; fhl;Lf. (tpilia π
apy; fzpf;f)
(ii) Nfhsj;jhq;fpapw;Fk; nrt;tl;l cUisj; jhq;fpapw;Fk; epwg;G+r;R G+Rtjw;fhd nryT xU rJu kPw;wUf;F
&.2000.00> &.1500.00 MFk;. ,j;jhq;fpfs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; epwg;G+r;R G+Rtjw;fhd nryitf; fzpf;f.

B. jug;gl;l cU cUistbtj;ijAk; mjd;Nky; cUisapd; tpl;lj;jpw;Fr; rkkhd

tpl;lKs;s miuf;Nfhsj;ijAk; nfhz;L Mf;fg;gl;l cNyhfg;nghUshFk;.

(i) mt;TNyhfg;nghUspd; GwNkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fzpf;f.

(ii) ,t;TUtpd; nkhj;jf; fdtsitsf; fzpf;f.

-8-
C. mUfpNy jug;gl;l Ms;$w;Wg; glj;ij gad;gLj;jp>
(i) AD Nfhl;Lj;Jz;lj;jpd; ePsk; ahJ?
(ii) AD Nfhl;Lj;Jz;lj;jpd; eLg;Gs;spapd; Ms;$Wfs;
ahJ?
(iii) AD f;F BC rkhe;jukhapd; NeHNfhL BC apd;
rkd;ghL vd;d?
(iv) Gs;sp C apd; Ms;$Wfs; ahJ?
(v) BC f;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhfTk; Gs;sp C ,w;$lhfTk;
nry;Yk; NeHNfhl;bd; rkd;ghl;il fhz;f.

gFjp 𝐂 − fl;Liu
7.
A. ghuk;ghpa kUe;Jfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit %ypiffSld; gy;NtW ,aw;if %yg;nghUs;fisr; NrHj;Jj;
jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,r;NrHitfspy; capH ,urhadr; NrHitfs; mlq;fpAs;sd.
(i) ,aw;if cw;gj;jp nghUl;fs; vdg;gLgit ahit?
(ii) ,aw;ifahf xsljq;fs; cw;gj;jpnra;af;$bajhf ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ,urhadKiw xsljq;fs;
cw;gj;jpahf;fYf;F VJthd ,uz;L fhuzq;fis RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
(iii) ,aw;ifahd JizaDNrgg; nghUnshd;iw xsljkhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba
%d;W tplaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf
(iv) MlhNjhilapypUe;J JizaDNrgg; nghUis gphpj;njLf;Fk; gbKiw fPNo jug;gLs;sJ.
gbKiwfs; nrad;Kiwfs;
1 jhtu ,iyfisj; Jz;Lfshf;Fjy; + 10% mrw;wpf;fkpyj;ijr; NrHj;jy;
2 20 epkplq;fspd; gpd;dH Fsputply; + mNkhdpahf;fiuriyr; NrHj;jy;
3 kj;jpk KidTf; fiug;ghidg; gad;gLj;jp fiuriyg; gphpj;njLj;jy;
4 fiug;ghid Mtpahf;fy;
5 gspq;Ffis Ntwhf;fpj; J}a;ikahf;fp tpisnghUl;fis Nrhjpj;jy;
(a) JizaDNrgpfs; vd;why; vd;d?
(b) MlhNjhilapYs;s JizaDNrgpfshd my;fnyhapl;Lfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(c) NkNy ePH Fwpg;gpl;l JizaDNrgpapypUe;J kdpjd; ngwj;jf;f Kf;fpa ed;ik vJ?
(d) NkNy gbKiw 1 ,y; mrw;wpf;fkpyk; NrHf;fg;gLtjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; $Wf.
(e) gbKiw 3 ,y; Ma;T$lj;jpy; nghJthfg; gad;gLj;Jk; fiug;ghidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(f) gbKiw 3 ,d; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(g) gbKiw 5 ,y; tpisnghUl;fis Nrhjpf;fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba nghUj;jkhd xU epwg;ggjpapay; El;g
Kiwiaf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(h) gbKiw 5 ,y; tpisnghUl;fs; Nrhjpf;fgLtjd; fhuzk; vd;d?
B.
(i) Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;F Mf;fThpikr; rhd;wpjo; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F Gj;jhf;fk; G+Hj;jpnra;a Ntz;ba Njitg;ghLfs;
%d;iwAk; jUf.
(ii) Mf;fThpikr; rhd;wpjiog; ngWtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtjq;fs; ,uz;il vOJf.
(iii) Mf;fThpikr; rhd;wpjio ngw;w cw;gj;jpahsUf;Ff; fpilf;ff;$ba rpwg;Ghpikfs; %d;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf

8.
A. tspkz;lyj;jpd; cyu; tspapd; fl;likg;ig mNrjd> thAepiyg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; khw;Wfpd;wd.
(i) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l thAepiyg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; %yk; Vw;gLk; gpujhd #oy; gpur;rpidfspy; xsp ,urhadg;
GfhH jtpHe;j ,uz;L gpur;ridfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(ii) xsp ,urhadg; GfhH vd;why; vd;d vd RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
(iii) xsp ,urhadg; Gfhiuj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; gpujhd tspkhrhf;fpfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(iv) Nkw;gb khrhf;fpfs; fhuzkhf xspapy; ,urhad GfhH; Vw;gLk; tpjj;Jf;fhd nghwpKiwiar; RUf;fkhfj;
jUf (rkd;ghLfs; NghJkhdJ)
(v) xspapay; ,urhad J}kq;fspd; mghafukhd tpisTfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf.

-9-
 B. ntt;NtW fhyepiyfSf;F <LnfhLf;f$bajhfTk; ePzl; fhyq;fsSf;F epiyngwf;$bajhfTk;
epwg;G+r;Rf;fs; jahhpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba El;gKiwfisf; nfhz;bUf;fNtz;Lk;.
(i) epwg;G+r;Rf;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjw;fhd mbg;gilf; fhuzq;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(ii) epwg;G+r;Rf;fisj; jahhpf;Fk; NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;glNtz;ba tplaq;fs; ,uz;ilj; jUf.
(iii) epwg;G+r;Rf;fspd; ehd;F mbg;gilf; $Wfspy; gpizg;Gf; fhuzpfs;> fiug;ghd; Mfpad jtpHe;j Vida
,uz;ilAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
(iv) epwg; G+r;rpidg; G+rpa gpd;du; cyu;thd gilnahd;W vt;thW cUthfpd;wJ vdr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
(v) fiug;ghdpy; fiuaf;$ba ,ay;gpd; mbg;gilapy; G+r;Rtiffs; ,Utifg;gLk;. ,t;tpU tiffisAk;
Fwpg;gpl;L mjd; ,ay;GfisAk; jUf.
(vi) epwg;G+r;Rf;fspd; gpd;tUk; epwq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s nghJthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; mNrjd ,urhadg;
gjhHj;jq;fs; xt;nthd;iwAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
(a) nts;;is epwk;
(b) kQ;ry; epwk;
(c) fWg;G epwk;
(vii) ahjhapDk; Nkw;gug;gpw;F G+r;R G+rg;gLk; nghOJ Kjypy; G+rg;gLtJ KjyhtJ gilahFk;. ,k; KjyhtJ
gil G+rg;gLtjdhy; fpilf;Fk; mD$yq;fs; %d;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.

gFjp 𝐃 − fl;Liu
9. XH Mfha tpkhdk; epyj;jpypUe;J voj; Njitahd epiyf;Fj;Jtpir ,uz;L tpirfspdhy; toqg;gLfpd;wJ.
NgZapapd; tpisT fhuzkhf xUtpir cz;lhFk; mNjNtis kw;iwaJ tpkhdj;jpd; ,wf;iffspd; kPJ
tsp %yf;$Wfs; NkhJifapdhy; cz;lhfpd;wJ.
A.
(i) NgZapapd; rkd;ghl;il vOjp Nfhl;ghl;ilf; $Wf.
(ii) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l rkd;ghl;bd; xt;nthU cWg;igAk; tiuaWf;f.
(iii) NgZapapd; Nfhl;ghL typjhtjw;fhd epge;jidfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf.

B. tpkhdk; xd;wpd; ,wf;ifapd; FWf;Fntl;LKfg; gug;gig cU fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

(i) NkNy ePH Fwpg;gpl;l Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; toikahd Kiwapy; ,t;tpwf;ifapd; kPJ Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;
mKf;f NtWghLfisAk; Ntfq;fisAk; fhl;lf;F$bajhf> thpg;glj;ij tpilj;jhspy; tiue;J mjpy;>
caH mKf;fk; 𝑃1 > Fiwe;j mKf;fk; 𝑃2 > caH Ntfk; 𝑉1 , Fiwe;j Ntfk; 𝑉2 Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;f
(ii) tpkhdj;jpy; cUthFk; caHj;Jtpir vt;thW gpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd tpsf;Ff.

C. tpkhdj;jpd; fjp 𝑣1 MfTk; tpkhdj;jpd; ,wf;ifapd; Nky; gFjpapy; fjp 𝑣2 MfTk; tspapd; mlHj;jp 𝜌0
MfTk; ,wf;iffspd; gypjg; gug;G A MfTk; ,Ug;gpd;>
(i) tpkhdj;jpy; jhf;Fk; caHj;Jk; tpir F ,w;fhd Nfhitia 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝜌0 , A rhHgpy; ngWf
(ii) v1 =200 ms-1 , v2 =250 ms-1 , ρ0 =1.2 kgm-3 , A=250m2 MFkhW ,Ug;gpd; caHj;Jk; tpir F If; fzpf;f.
(iii) Mfha tpkhdj;jpd; jpzpT 2.60 × 106 kg Mapd; NkNy (ii) ,y; c;s mNj fjpahf Mfhatpkhj;jpy;
fhzg;gbd;> ,wf;iffspd; kPJ jhf;Fk; Njwpa epiyf;Fj;J caHj;J tpiriaf; fzpf;f.

D. mlHj;jp 𝜌 MfTs;s NgZapapd; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;fikAk; gha;kk; xd;W thpg;gl;lj;jpy; fhl;lgl;lthW khWfpd;w

FWf;Fntl;ilf; nfhz;l FohapD}lhf mUf;Nfhl;Lg; gha;r;riy epfo;j;Jfpd;wJ. Fohapd; mr;R fpilahf
cs;sJ. A Gs;spapy; mKf;fk; 𝑃1 Ntfk; 𝑣1 MfTk; Gs;sp B apy; mKf;fk; 𝑃2 Ntfk; 𝑣2 MfTk;
,Uf;fpd;wjhapd;

- 10 -
 (i) Gs;spfs; A, B Mfpatw;wpf;fpilapyhd mKf;f khw;wk; ∆𝑃 ,w;fhd Nfhitia Ntfq;fs; 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 mlHj;jp
𝜌 rhHgpy; ngWf.
(ii) 1250 kgm-3 mlHj;jpAs;s jputk; xd;W A, B Mfpa Gs;spfspD}L (r1 =0.1 m, r2 =0.04m) glj;jpYs;sgb
gha;fpd;wJ. Foha;fspd; KidfSf;F FWf;NfAs;s mKf;ftpj;jpahrk; 1 × 105 Pa Mf
fhzg;gl;ljhapd;> Fohapd; Gs;spfs; A, B Mfpa Gs;spfspy; jputj;jpd; Ntfq;fs; V1 , V2 Mfpatw;iwf;
fzpf;f.
(iii) jputg;gha;r;ry; tPjj;ijf; fhz;f.

10.
A. fpilahd ,Oitf; nfhz;Lnry;yp gl;b (Conveyer belt) %yk; 20kgs −1 vDk; tPjj;jpy; jhdpa kzpfs;
flj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gl;bif 1.2ms −1 vDk; khwhf; fjpapy; ,aq;Fk;NghJ>
(i) gl;b ,aq;Ftjw;F Njitahd tpiriaf; fzpf;f.
(ii) gl;bapypUe;J jhdpaq;fs; tpOk;NghJ> xt;nthU nrf;fdpYk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ,af;fr; rf;jpiaf; fzpf;f.
(iii) mNj fjpapy; gl;b ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUg;gjw;F Njitahd tYitf; fzpf;f.
(iv) NkNy (𝑖𝑖), (iii) Mfpatw;wpy; tpilfs; NtWgLkhapd; mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

B. jug;gl;l glj;jpy; ,ioapd; jil 𝑅1 = 144 Ω MFkhW> 120V

kpd;toq;fYld; ,aq;FkhW kpd;FkpohdJ> 100.0 Ω thpirapyhd khWk;
jil 𝑅2 cld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
(i) kpd;Fkpo; khWk; jilap ,izf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fk; ahJ?
(ii) kpd;Fkpo; khWk; jilapd; mjpjho;> kw;Wk; mjpAaH tPr;rpy; tY
tpuaq;fisf; fzpf;f.
(iii) kpd;Fkpopd; tYtpuak; 50W MapUf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy;> khWk; jilap 𝑅2
ngWkhdk; vt;tsthf fl;lhak; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.?

C. cU (a) ,y; fhzg;gLk; XH cNyhf ciwapd; ntg;gKiwahff; fhtyplg;gl;l mbapd; kPH XH ,yj;jpudpay;
cgfuzk; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;Tgfuzk; 50𝑊 vDk; tPjj;jpy; ntg;gj;ij tpuakhf;Ffpd;wJ. ,t;ntg;gk;
ciwapd; Nky; jfl;bD}lhf khj;jpuk; ntspNa gha;fpd;wJ. ciwapd; Nky; jfL jbg;G 2mm IAk; gug;gsT
2𝑐𝑚2 IAk; cila xU nrt;tf cNyhfj; jflhFk;. KOj; njhFjpAk; 30℃ ntg;gepiyapy; cs;s XH
miwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

(i) cWjpepiyapy; ciwapd; Nky; jfl;bd; cs;Nkw;gug;G> GwNkw;gug;G Mfpatw;wpd; ntg;gpepiyfs; KiwNa
100℃, 98℃ MFk;. ciwapd; jputpaj;jpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhw;iwf; fzpf;f.
(ii) cgfuzj;jpd; tpidj;jpwDs;s ghJfhg;ghd nraw;ghl;Lf;F cfe;j nghwpEl;gj;jpd; %yk; ciwapd;
Nkw;gug;gpd; ntg;gepiy 40℃ ,y; Ngzg;glNtz;Lkhapd;>
(a) Nky;jfl;bd; Gw Nkw;gug;gpd; ntg;gepiyiaf; fzpf;f.
(b) ntg;gj;ij tpidj;jpwDld; ntspNaw;Wtjw;fhf cU (b) ,y; fhzg;gLfpd;wthwhd nghwpEl;gk;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J ciwapd; Nky; jfl;bd; GwNkw;gug;Gld; njhFifapy; cs;s XH cNyhff;
fQ;Rfj;jpD}lhf ePiu mDg;Gtjd; %yk; Nky; jfl;bd; GwNkw;gug;G FspHr;rpahf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
cWjpepiyapy; fQ;Rfj;jpd; EiotopapYk; ntsptopapYk; ePhpd; ntg;gepiyfs; KiwNa 30℃, 35℃
MFk;. ntg;gk; Rw;whlYf;F ,of;fg;glhtpl;lhy;> fQ;Rfj;jpD}lhf ntg;gk; ghAk; tPjj;ijf;
fpNyhfpuhk;/nrf;fd; (kgs-1 ) ,y; fzpf;f.
(ePhpd; jd;ntg;gf;nfhs;ssT 4.2×103 Jkg-1 ℃-1 MFk;)

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