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  • A Which Corresponds To Adding: - Reuy - Reeyly

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    Supriya
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    1) The document discusses the quantum Hall effect and how applying a uniform vector potential leads to a quantized Hall conductivity in integer multiples of e^2/h. 2) It notes that this derivation is surprisingly simple given the accuracy of the quantization, and that the key assumption is that applying the vector potential only transfers integer numbers of electrons. 3) It gives an example where this assumption breaks down for a partially filled Landau level of free electrons, where the gauge transformation would redistribute electrons in the bulk rather than transfer them.

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    General Document 293

    Original Title

    00714___98875cab05b648f4e21c943d37decc71

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    1) The document discusses the quantum Hall effect and how applying a uniform vector potential leads to a quantized Hall conductivity in integer multiples of e^2/h. 2) It notes that this derivation is surprisingly simple given the accuracy of the quantization, and that the key assumption is that applying the vector potential only transfers integer numbers of electrons. 3) It gives an example where this assumption breaks down for a partially filled Landau level of free electrons, where the gauge transformation would redistribute electrons in the bulk rather than transfer them.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    6 views1 page

    A Which Corresponds To Adding: - Reuy - Reeyly

    Uploaded by

    Supriya
    1) The document discusses the quantum Hall effect and how applying a uniform vector potential leads to a quantized Hall conductivity in integer multiples of e^2/h. 2) It notes that this derivation is surprisingly simple given the accuracy of the quantization, and that the key assumption is that applying the vector potential only transfers integer numbers of electrons. 3) It gives an example where this assumption breaks down for a partially filled Landau level of free electrons, where the gauge transformation would redistribute electrons in the bulk rather than transfer them.

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    of 1

    698 Ch.

    12 Quantum Hall Effect

    due to the uniform increment SAX of the vector potential is

    (12.85)

    According to our assumption, the change in the energy of the system is


    due to the transfer of an integer number r of electrons via the potential
    drop U, (the Hall voltage)

    6W = -reUy = -reEyLy. (12.86)

    The increment of A which corresponds to adding 40 to 4auxis

    (12.87)

    Putting these in (12.85), the Hall conductivity is found to be

    (12.88)

    Apparently we have proven that, once the starting assumption is granted,


    the Hall conductivity is quantized in integer multiples of e 2 / h . This is
    a very powerful result and we may feel a little surprised that its deriva-
    tion (which we admittedly just sketched) can be done so simply. Here
    two remarks can be made. On the one hand, since the quantization is
    extremely accurate, and independent of experimental details, it is ex-
    pected that it should follow from very general principles. On the other
    hand, the crucial point is to find a justification for the simple-sounding
    starting assumption which, in retrospect, is seen to be essentially equiv-
    alent to saying that there is a QHE.
    First let us take an example when the assumption is not valid. If we
    take a partially filled Landau level, and free electron^'^, the gauge trans-
    formation (12.84) will reshuffle the electrons in the bulk of the sample.
    The energy change can be ascribed to the infinitesimal displacement
    l4 ‘Tree” means: non-interacting, and not subject to either a periodic, or a disor-
    dered, potential in the bulk. An edge potential is needed t o confine the electrons to
    the sample in the y-direction, but its effect can be incorporated in the argument.

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