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‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺞ‬
- ‫ﻫـ‬١٤٢٦ ‫ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﻋﺎﻡ‬-
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 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻫـ‬١٤٢٦ ‫ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﻋﺎﻡ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٤٢٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫?؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ،،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤٢٦
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

٤٣٧ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

The Effective Factors of Forming Mental Image about Saudi

Agencies Working in Hajj: An Applied Study on 1426 Pilgrims

Dr. Safran S. Al-Maqathi

Abstract

Muslims gather in Makkah every year to perform the fifth pillar

of Islam, Al-Hajj. The rituals of Hajj are linked to certain activities and
behaviors upon the arrival of pilgrims to Makkah and until they leave.
Through their staying in Makkah, the pilgrims are exposed to direct
interaction with Saudi citizens, groups, organizations, and governmental
agencies that work in Hajj season to provide services for them.

Under geographic and multicultural differences, the importance

of studying cognitive, emotional, and behavioral variables is necessary to
understand how they affect the pilgrims' mental image about the real
uniqueness of Saudi Arabia. This study observed the 1426 Hajj Arab
pilgrims' attitudes about Saudi Agencies and how this can affect their
mental image.

This study relied on Mental Image Formation Theory which

provide a description of internal and external processes that form mental
image. The findings of this study are congruent with previous studies
which assert the importance of personal communication and experiences
on mental image. Thus, results revealed that pilgrims hold positive
mental image about Saudi Arabia.
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 W
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺞ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﻨﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ ﹼﻠ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٩٧W‫א‬F‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﹺﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻉ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺘﻄﹶﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹺﻦ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
The independent and F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eintervening variables
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤٢٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

٤٣٩ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،The attitudes studiesFF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٢٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ? ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ -١
  ‫א‬EThe Mental Image Formation TheoryF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٤٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EThe Mental imageF ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٤١٤،‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
The  ‫א‬‫א‬
Credible) (Reality
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W،&،FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬EThe cognitive aspectF‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٤١ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EThe affective aspectF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬EThe behavioral aspectF‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬،F‫א‬Ethe predispositionsF
KE٢٠٠٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EThe stereotypeF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،&،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٢W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬EThe individual levelF‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬The group levelFF‫א‬‫א‬ -٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٤٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬EThe Media levelF‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٤١٤
The value)   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
EFishbienF‫א‬‫؛‬E(Expectancy Model
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KBettman et alFF
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬١٤٢٦ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٤٣ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EReinforcementF‫؛‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
  ، 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K?١١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٢٠٠١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٤٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٧٢W
 
‫א‬٪٢٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٤٦‫א‬٪٥١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬F٪٤٥٪٤٦‫א‬
 KE١٨٢ J١٣٩،٢٠٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ J٢
 K?٢٠٠١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
K٢٠٠١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

٤٤٥ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٪١{٥‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪٥{٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٪١{٢‫א‬‫א‬K٪١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٠٣،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨٨ J٥٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ J٣
 K?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
‫א‬‫א‬ G
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
 K
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٤٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٨،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?ERobar ShavanF ‫א‬ J٥
 K?‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ J٦
 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
EBBC world.DWF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
١٣، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٤
،١٩٩٩،F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥٩٧ J٥٨٧
 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ J٧

٤٤٧ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧٣ J٢٠١،٢٠٠١
 W‫א‬‫א‬J
 W٢٠٠١Husbands & Mckechine‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٢٠٠١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٤٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KEHusbands & Mckechine, 2001F‫א‬‫א‬
 W٢٠٠١KMasako Kihara et al‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،١٩٩٩
 ٦٣٠‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KEKihara, M. 2001F‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W٢٠٠٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٤٩ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٨٠٠ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ،NGOs ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٢W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 W٢٠٠٢‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٠٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
KE٢٠٠٢W،F‫א‬
 W٢٠٠٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٥٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٩٩‫א‬
‫؛‬ENon-profit organizationsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٢٠٠٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KEThe public policy research center (2003F
 W٢٠٠٤‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E٢٠٠٤W،‫א‬FK‫א‬

٤٥١ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W٢٠٠٥Paul c. light‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١٨٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٥ -‫أ‬
 K٪٢٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KELight, C. P.(2005F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EThe overall imageF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
،EThe Organizations) traits  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٥٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EThe direct Experience)
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EThe Micro LevelF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬EThe Macro LevelF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EThe value Expectancy ModelF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٤٢٦‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤٢٦
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،ELF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٥٣ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
L‫א‬‫א‬L
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٥٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
‫א‬EThe descriptive studiesF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬EDescriptive and analytical surveyF
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٤٢٦
، ‫א‬‫א‬٨٦٢‫א‬،EThe Availability SampleF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬EThe QuestionnaireF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EDirect InterviewF‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 W

٤٥٥ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫• א‬
،٤‫א‬‫א‬،٥‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬،٢‫א‬‫א‬،٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?W ‫א‬،E١‫א‬
K?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
،٤‫א‬‫א‬،٥‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬ ،٢‫א‬‫א‬،٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?W ‫א‬،E١‫א‬
K?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
،٤‫א‬‫א‬،٥‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬،٢‫א‬‫א‬،٣‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬،E١‫א‬
 K?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٥٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،xSPSSz
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
W‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F

٪ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

٪٧٨{٤ ٦٧٦ 

٪٢١{٦ ١٨٦ 

٪١٠٠ ٨٦٢ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٪٢١{٦‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬٪٧٨{٤
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

٤٥٧ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E٢F

E٪F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

٤{٩ ٤٢ ٢٠–١٠

١٦{٢ ١٤٠ ٣٠–٢١

٢٩{٩ ٢٥٨ ٤٠–٣١

٢٤{٢ ٢٠٩ ٥٠–٤١

١٥{٠ ١٢٩ ٦٠–٥١

٧{١ ٦١ ٧٠–٦١

٢{٧ ٢٣ ٧٠

١٠٠ ٨٦٢ ‫א‬

٤٠–٣١‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٩{٩
‫א‬K٪٢٤{٢٥٠–١٤
 ٥٠–٣١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٥٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

١{٥ ١٣ ‫א‬
٣{٦ ٣١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥{٦ ٥٠ ‫א‬
K١ ١ 
٢{٤ ٢١ 
٢{٤ ٢١ ‫א‬
٣{١ ٢٧ ‫א‬
٧{٣ ٦٣ 
١٢{٥ ١٠٨ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢{٢ ١٩ 
٣{٨ ٣٣ 
٩{٠ ٧٨ ‫א‬
٢{٣ ٢٠ 
٢{٦ ٢٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
١{٣ ١١ 
٥{٢ ٤٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
٣{٩ ٣٤ ‫א‬
٢{٠ ١٧ 

٤٥٩ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

١٧{٧ ١٥٣ 
٧{٢ ٦٢ ‫א‬
K١ ١ 
K١ ١ ‫א‬
٠{٦ ٥ 
K١ ١ 
K١ ١ 
٠{٩ ٨ 
K١ ١ ‫א‬
K١ ١ ‫א‬
١{٠ ٩ 
K١ ١ 
K١ ١ 
٠{٣ ٣ 
١٠٠ ٨٦٢ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪١٧{٧K
‫א‬K٪١٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٦٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬K٪٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٧{٢‫א‬٪٩
‫א‬K٪٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٪١{٥‫א‬٠٪٢
‫א‬٪١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤F

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

٦{٠ ٥٢ 
٨{٥ ٧٣ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٩{٤ ١٦٧ 
٢٤{٥ ٢١١ 
١٣{٦ ١١٧ 
٢٤{٠ ٢٠٧ 
٤{١ ٣٥ 
١٠٠ ٨٦٢ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪١٩ K  ‫א‬٪٢٤{٥٪٢٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬٪٤{١٪٨{٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K٪٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٦١ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

٪٤٥ ٣٨٩ ‫א‬‫א‬
٪٥٥ ٤٧٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
٪٦٢ ٣٣٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
٪٣٢ ٢٧٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٣ ١١٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
٪٢٣ ١٩٩ ‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٦ ١٣٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٠ ٨٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
٪٣ ٢٤ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٢‫א‬‫א‬٪٤٥‫א‬‫א‬
K٪١٠‫א‬٪١٣‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬٪١٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٦٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
E٪F
E٪F E٪F E٪F E٪F
٣٧{٩ ٣٢{٦ ٢٣{٣ ٢{٤ ٣{٧ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
٢٣{٠ ٣٥{٣ ٣٠{٠ ٧{٩ ٣{٨ ‫א‬ ٢
‫א‬

‫א‬
٣٢{٣ ٣٥{٣ ٢٥{١ ٤{٥ ٢{٩  ٣
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
١٥{٥ ١٧{٥ ٣٠{٤ ١٥{٢ ٢١{٣ ‫א‬ ٤
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
٣٠{٣ ٤٠{٥ ٢٠{٨ ٥{٦ ٢{٩ ‫א‬ ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٤٦٣ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
E٪F
E٪F E٪F E٪F E٪F
٢٢{٠ ٣٠{٧ ٣٢{٨ ٨{٢ ٦{١  ٦
‫א‬
‫א‬
٢٥{٥ ٣٧{٤ ٢٨{٧ ٦{٦ ١{٩  ٧
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
٣٤{٥ ٣٢{٥ ٢٤{٦ ٥{٦ ٢{٩  ٨
‫א‬‫א‬
٣٥{٧ ٣٦{٤ ٢٠{٦ ٤{٣ ٢{٩ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٩
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
٣٢{٤ ٣٤{٩ ٢٥{٥ ٤{٥ ٢{٧ ‫א‬ ١
 ‫א‬ ٠
‫א‬
٤٢{٨ ٣٤{٠ ١٨{٧ ٣{٢ ١{٣ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١
‫א‬‫א‬ ١
‫א‬
٣٢{٨ ٣٣{٥ ٢٣{٧ ٥{٣ ٤{٦ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٦٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
E٪F
E٪F E٪F E٪F E٪F
٤٢{٨ ٣٥{٧ ١٦{٩ ٣{١ ١{٤  ١
 ‫א‬ ٣
‫א‬
٤٣{٥ ٣١{٢ ١٧{٤ ٥{٩ ٢{٠ ‫א‬ ١
 ٤
٤٥{٨ ٣٢{٣ ١٥{٤ ٤{٨ ١{٧ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١
 ٥
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٢٪٤٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪٢‫א‬ ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 

٤٦٥ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٧F
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
E٪F
E٪F E٪F E٪F E٪F
٣٠{٣ ٣١{٩ ٢٨{٣ ٥{٥ ٤{١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
‫א‬
٢٨{٩ ٣٦{٨ ٢٦{٧ ٤{٥ ٣{١ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
٣٠{٥ ٣٢{٩ ٢٦{١ ٦{٤ ٤{١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
‫א‬

٢٠{١ ٣٠{٢ ٢٨{١ ١٠{٣ ١١{٤ ‫א‬ ٤
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٣{٤ ٣٦{٩ ٢٩{٤ ٦{٨ ٣{٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٧{٠ ٤٠{٣ ٢٥{٦ ٥{٠ ٢{١ ‫א‬ ٦
‫א‬‫א‬
٣٨{٣ ٢٨{٨ ٢٤{١ ٥{٣ ٣{٥ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
‫א‬
٣٩{٢ ٣٥{٠ ٢٠{٦ K٣٦ ١{٥ ‫א‬ ٨
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٦٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
E٪F
E٪F E٪F E٪F E٪F
٤٥{٠ ٣٣{٢ ١٦{٠ ٤{٤ ١{٤ ‫א‬ ٩
‫א‬
٣٩{٨ ٣٢{٥ ٢٠{٢ ٥{٠ ٢{٦ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٩{٠ ٢٩{٨ ٣٢{١ ٤{٨ ٤{٢  ١١
‫א‬‫א‬
٢١{٥ ٣٦{٥ ٢٧{٨ ١٠{٠ ٤{٢ ‫א‬‫ א‬١٢
‫א‬‫א‬
٣٣{٤ ٣٤{٢ ٢٤{١ ٤{٥ ٣{٧ ‫א‬ ١٣
‫א‬
٢٩{٩ ٣٥{٠ ٢٦{٩ ٥{٢ ٢{٩ ‫א‬ ١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٢{١ ٢٩{٧ ٢١{٦ ٣{٨ ٢{٨  ١٥

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٥ K  ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٦٧ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٪٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١،٥٪١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٢١
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٨F
 ‫א‬   
‫א‬ 
E٪F E٪F E٪F E٪F E٪F
٣٢{٥ ٢٠{١ ١٩{٦ ١٣{٣ ١٤{٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١

٣٦{٨ ٢٨{٠ ١٧{٣ ١٠{٧ ٧{٣ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢

‫א‬‫א‬
٥٠{٩ ٢٢{٦ ١٧{٣ ٦{٦ ٢{٦ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣

٤٢{٣ ٢٥{٥ ٢٠{٩ ٦{٤ ٤{٩ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤

‫א‬‫א‬
٣٥{٠ ٢٤{٠ ٢٠{٤ ١٢{٢ ٨{٤ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٥

٤١{٥ ٢٤{٠ ١٨{٠ ٨{٥ ٨{٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦

‫א‬
٣٠{٦ ٢٤{٩ ٢٠{٦ ١٢{٢ ١١{٦ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
‫א‬‫א‬
٤٢{٩ ٢٢{٥ ١٩{٠ ٧{٥ ٨{٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٨

٥٥{٨ ٢٢{٢ ١٢{٣ ٥{٧ ٤{١ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٩

٤٠{٦ ٢٣{٢ ٢٠{٣ ٩{٤ ٦{٥ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠

‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٦٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٥{٨‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪٤٢{٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٤٢
K٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
٥{١ ٤٤ 

٤١{١ ٣٥٤ 

٢٥{٩ ٢٢٣ 

٧{٣ ٦٣ ‫א‬

٢٠{٦ ١٧٨ 

١٠٠ ٨٦٢ ‫א‬

٤٦٩ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٤١،١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٪٢٥{٩
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E١٠F
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫א‬
K١٧٣ ‫א‬‫א‬
 JK٠٣١ K١٢٩ ‫א‬‫א‬

٠{٦٧٥GG  JK٠٤٥ K٠٩١ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٠{٠٠١‫א‬ ‫א‬GG

W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٧٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪١٥{٥٪٣٧{٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٠٪٣{٨٪٢{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٥
 K
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٢٪٤٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪٦{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬٪١{٩٪١{٣‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
K٪٣٢٪٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬
٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٧١ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٤٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
٪١١{٤‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬٪٤{٢٪١{٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠{٣‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٤{١
‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠{٥‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٪٤{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٩{٢‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٪١{٥‫א‬
‫א‬٪٢٩{٩‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K٪٢{٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٧٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 K٪١٤{٥،‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٢{٥ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٦{٨ J
 K٪٧{٣
 K٪٢{٦،‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٠{٩  J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٤٢{٣  J
 K٪٤{٩
 K٪٨{٤،‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٥  J
 K٪٨،‫א‬‫א‬٪٤١{٥  J
 K٪١١{٦،‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠{٦  J
 K٪٨،‫א‬‫א‬٪٤٢{٩  J
 K٪١٤{٥،‫א‬٪٥٥{٨  J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٤٠{٦  J
 K٪٦{٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٪٩٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪٤١W
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٧{٣، ٪٢٥
K

٤٧٣ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٤ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٪١٤
K٪١١{٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬
،K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٧٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 W‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٢٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٧٥ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٤٢٥F،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٤ J٢١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٢F،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٧٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬K

 K١٨٢ J١٣٩W٤،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬KE١٤١٤F،‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K١K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٠F،
 K٥٤ J١W٣،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٢٠٠٢F،&،
، ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?W ‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥٠٩،٢٠٠٢‘?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٣F،
، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨٨ J٥٦W٢،‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٩F،
W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،–‫א‬–‫א‬
 K٥٩٧ J٥٨٧W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٢F،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٨ J٢٦‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٠F،
F‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٤F‫א‬،

٤٧٧ ٢٠٠٨ J١٤٢٨‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WKKF،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٢W١٧٦،E‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٣F‫א‬،

  ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٧٣ J٦٧٢W،?‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٨F،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠١F،
W١٢،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K٢٧٣ J٢٠١
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Centre for political studies and public opinion research (2002). 
Attitudes toward non-governmental organizations,(online), available:
www.emins.org/papers/iss.emins-6.pdf.datehttp://
Kdate Of search: 21/2/2006
Husbands, W.& Mckechine, A.(2001). scan of research on 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٧٨
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