Structure of the Earth

The earth consists of 4 main layers:

 crust - outer layer, broken into sections caled tectonic plates, it is the thinnest layer
 mantle - thickest layer and consists of molten rock
 outer core - molten & about 3000 degrees C.
 inner core - solid due to the immense pressure and is about 5000 degrees C.
 Both the inner & outer core consist of iron & nickle.
Formations of Volcanoes

Shield volcanoes

with slopes of a few degrees at the further lower end, and medium height slopes of about 10 degrees
which flattens at the summit of the volcano. The gentle slope in Shield volcanoes is produced by basaltic
lava flows of low viscosity. This type of lava can flow over long distances before it cools down and
solidifies.

Composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes)

formed from high viscosity basaltic lava. This type of lava flows slowly due to its high density
composition. Over time, high viscosity lava builds up steep-sided conical mountains. During the process
of formation of this type of volcanoes, basaltic lava eruptions flow slowly and harden faster than low
viscosity lava, providing in each eruption a thick basaltic layer on which successive basaltic lava layers
build up. Composite volcanoes are mostly found on the continental plates.

How does wind form?

Wind is air in motion. Wind forms when the sun heats one part of the atmosphere differently than
another part. This causes expansion of warmer air, making less pressure where it is warm than where it
is cooler. Air always moves from high pressure to lower pressure, and this movement of air is wind.

During the day at a coast, the sun heats the air above the land more quickly than the air above water.
The warm air over the land expands and rises. Cooler air from the ocean moves toward the land to take
the place of the rising air, and makes a "sea breeze" that cools beachgoers in the summer.