Ném ethné Dr.

Hock Ildikó

ANGOL SZÓ BELI

É R E T T S É G I FELAD ATO K

KÖZÉPSZINT

Székesfehérvár, 2006
 Anyanyelvi lektor: Dr. Paul Titchmarsh

© Némethné Dr. Hock Ildikó, 2006

© Lexika Kiadó Kft.
8000 Székesfehérvár, Martinovics u. 9.
Tel., fax: (22) 501-993
www.lexika.hu
lexika@t-online.hu

Felelős kiadó, alkotószerkesztő: Dr. Szalai Elek

Műszaki szerkesztő, fedélterv: Mohai István

Rendelési kód: LX-0115

ISBN 978 963 9357 56 3

Nyomtatás és kötés a Szekszárdi Nyomda Kft.-ben készült

Felelős vezető: Vadász József
Munkaszám: 10.0272
 E lő szó
Tisztelt Olvasó!

Jelen könyv célja, hogy segítséget nyújtson mindazoknak, akik az ÚJ KÖZÉP SZINTŰ
ANGOL SZÓBELI ÉRETTSÉGIRE készülnek. Kurzuskönyvnek is kiváló olyan tan­
folyamokhoz, ahol a hallgatók nemcsak feladatokat szeretnének begyakorolni az
újfajta érettségire, hanem nehézségek nélkül szeretnék teljesíteni a szóbeli vizsga
teljes követelményrendszerét.

Tartalmát tekintve ugyanis a tankönyv segítségével az olvasó megtanulhat minden, az

érettségi kilenc témájában felmerülő kérdésekre adható válaszlehetőséget. A szituációs
feladatoknak is széles skáláját kínálja és a megoldások segítségével egyúttal meg is
tanítja a leggyakrabban előforduló hétköznapi élethelyzetek szó- és kifejezés fordula­
tait. Hasonló összeállítás jellemző a könyv harmadik részére, amelyben - az érettségi
feladatainak megfelelően - két-három megegyező témájú kép kerül összehasonlításra.
Itt is minden témához ajánlunk minta megoldásokat, amelyek nagy segítséget
nyújtanak az adott képek összevetéséhez és kompetens leírásához szükséges szókincs
elsajátításához.

A könyv felépítése tökéletesen igazodik a középszintű szóbeli érettségi vizsgák

szerkezetéhez. A vizsga időtartama 15 perc. A vizsgán az alábbi feladattípusok fordul­
hatnak elő: (1) társalgás; (2) szituációs feladat; (3) önálló témakifejtés segédanyagok
(vizuális és verbális) alapján.

Az első feladatban, a társalgásban, a vizsgázó néhány olyan kérdésre válaszol, ame­

lyek saját személyéhez, közvetlen környezetéhez és hétköznapi tevékenységeihez kap­
csolódnak. A társalgás három témát érint röviden. A második feladat, a szituációs fel­
adat során a vizsgázónak a mindennapi élet helyzeteihez hasonlító szituációban kell
részt vennie, amelyben partnere a vizsgáztató. A harmadik feladatban, az önálló téma­
kifejtésben, a vizsgázónak azt kell megmutatnia, hogy képes-e hétköznapi, élet-
tapasztalatokhoz kapcsolódó témákban gondolatait, véleményét részletesen, összefüg­
gően kifejteni képek és irányító szempontok alapján.

Jelen könyvünk mindehhez ideális felkészülési lehetőséget biztosít. Sikeres haszná­

latához eredményes munkát kíván a Szerző.

Némethné Hock Ildikó

Veszprémi Egyetem, Angol Tanszék
 ____________ CONVERSATION
PERSONAL PARTICULARS, FAMILY

CONVERSATION
1. Személyes vonatkozások, család

PERSONAL PARTICULARS, FAMILY

■ A vizsgázó személye, életrajza, életének fontos állomásai
PERSONALITY, AUTOBIOGRAPHY, IMPORTANT STAGES OF LIFE
■ Családi élet, családi kapcsolatok
FAMILY LIFE, FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
■ A családi élet mindennapjai, otthoni teendők
EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE FAMILY, HOUSEHOLD CHORES
■ Személyes tervek
PLANS FOR THE FUTURE

QUESTIONS
1. Where do you live?
2. When and where were you born?
3. How tall are you?
4. What do you weigh?
5. What do you do?
6. What schools did you attend as a child?
7. Did/do you enjoy school? Why? Why not?
8. What kind of personality have you got?
9. What do you look like?
10. What sign of the Zodiac are you?
11. How big is your family?
12. Who do you live with?
13. How many sisters or brothers have you got?
14. How many people are there in your family altogether?
15. Who are they?
16. How old are your parents?
17. What are their jobs?
18. Do you spend a lot of time with your family?
19. What do you do when you are together?
20. Are your grandparents still alive?
21. How often do you see them?
22. Have you got any aunts/ uncles/ in-laws/ nephews/ nieces/ cousins/ children?
23. How often do you see your relatives?
24. Which of them do you like best? Why?
25. What do you most like and dislike about family life?

5
CONVERSATION____________________________________________________
PERSONAL PARTICULARS, FAMILY

26. Who does m ost of the housework in your family?

27. W hat do you help your mother with?
28. W hat jobs does your father do around the house?
29. W hat housework do you like/ hate most?
30. W hat labour-saving devices do you know?
31. Which of them do you often use?
32. W hat are your plans for the future?
33. W hat would you like to become?

MODEL ANSW ERS

1. I live in a detached house at 32 Dózsa Street Veszprém ./ I live on the first floor of a
big block of flats at 7 Viola Street, Veszprém.

2. I was born in a medium-sized/small/big town/village in the w est/east/south/north of

Hungary on 20th August, 1988. (on the twentieth of August nineteen eighty-eight).

3 -4 . I am 5 ft 10 ins (five foot ten /five feet ten inches)/ 175 centimetres tall. I weigh 10
stone/sixty-five kilos.

5. I am a schoolgirl/schoolboy/student and I attend the local secondary school.

6. After the nursery I went to primary school, where I studied for eight years. At the age
of fourteen I was accepted at a secondary gram mar/technical school/vocational
school, where I have just finished my studies and I am taking the school-leaving
examinations at the moment. I hope I will be successful.

7. a) I love school. You know you are young and carefree and you don’t really have much
responsibility. Our class was a good group and the boys were fond of mischief.
Altogether there was a good atmosphere.

7. b) I don’t particularly enjoy being a schoolgirl/schoolboy. Firstly because I don’t like

studying, and secondly, because I hate doing the stupid homework they give us every
day. I like doing what I am interested in and dislike being told what to do.

8. a) I am quite energetic and sometimes a bit bossy. I am hard-working, talkative and for
most of the time I am happy. I am sociable, but shy, and I am interested in politics
and people.

8. b) I am quite witty and talkative. I have a good sense of humour. I think I am

imaginative, sociable and independent. I am interested in nature and travelling.

9. I am not very tall. I have straight/ wavy/ curly, long/ sh ort/ medium-length fair/
dark/ brown/ grey/ red hair and blue/ brown/ dark eyes. I have got an oval/ round/
long face with a big nose and small ears. I have a small/ long beard and a moustache.
My complexion is rather pale/rosy. I think I am the right weight/ I am a bit
overweight/ fa t/ plump/ I am slim/ far too thin for my height.

10. I am an Aires/ a Taurus/ Gemini/ Cancer/ L eo/ Virgo/ Libra/ Scorpio/ Sagittarius/
Capricorn/ Aquarius/ Pisces.

11. a) I come from a rather small family. Unfortunately, I am an only child; I haven’t got
any brothers or sisters.

11 . b) I come from quite a large family. I have got two elder sisters and a younger brother.
They are all single.

6
 ______________C O N V ER SA TIO N
PERSONAL PARTICULARS, FAMILY

12. I live together with my two younger brothers, my parents and m y grandm other, who
is an old age pensioner.

13. I have got a younger brother. He is in the first year of prim ary school. I have also got
a sister, who is th ree years older than me.

1 4 -1 5 . Altogether there are five people in our family: my grandfather, who is still quite
young and energetic; my m other, father, my elder brother and me.

1 6 -1 7 . My father is forty-nine years old. He is the personnel executive of a big trading

com pany/; he is a clerk / a g e n t/ m an ag er/ businessm an/ law yer/ doctor etc. My
m other is forty-five. She is a housewife/ accou n tan t/ teach er e tc ./; she is between
jobs.

1 8 -1 9 . W e usually have dinner together. Over dinner we discuss what has happened to each
of us during the day. A t the week-ends we go on outings together or we go and visit
those members of the family who don’t live with us.

20. a) Thank goodness both my grandmother and grandfather are alive. My grandfather still
goes out to work and my granny is an old age pensioner.

20. b) Unfortunately, my grandfather died four years ago, but my grandm other is alive and
well. She is sixty-three and she lives with us. She is an excellent cook and we all love
her cakes.

21. I quite often see my grandparents. They don’t live far from us and I go and see them
as often as I can. A t the weekends my parents and I always have lunch with them .

22. My father has got two sisters and my mother has got a brother. This m eans th a t I
have got two aunts and an uncle. My uncle is single but my aunts both have two
children. They are my cousins. I am not married so I haven’t got a father- o r a
mother-in-law. My brother, though, has a wife, whose sister is my sister-in-law. They
have got a daughter, who is my little niece.

23. I don’t often see my uncle; I meet him only on family occasions. I quite often see my
niece/ nephew, though. W e always spend Sunday afternoons together talking, playing
or watching TV.

24. a) I like my auntie best. She is so understanding and caring. She never com es to our
place without bringing some small presents for my younger brother and me.

24. b) I like my little niece best. She is just three months old and she is really cute. I love
the way she smiles at me.
25. W h at I like m ost about family life is the way we spend Sunday afternoons. W hen the
weather is nice, we go and take long walks in the countryside. W hen it is cold, we
stay at home; talk or play board games or cards. W hat I hate m ost about family life is
the fact th at you can’t have your privacy whenever you want it. There is always
somebody disturbing you when you want to be on your own.
2 6 -2 7 . In our family, m ost of the housework is done by my mother. I often help her with the
cleaning, cooking, washing up, shopping and ironing. I always clean my own room ; I
dust the furniture, hoover the carpets, polish the floor and air all the rooms.
28. My father doesn’t do much. He looks after the garden, washes the car and fixes
dripping taps or broken shelves. At the week-ends he does some D.I.Y..
29. I like cooking/ watering the flowers/ decorating the ro o m s/ laying the table very
much. W hat I hate is making the bed/ washing/ cleaning the windows/ ironing the
clothes.

7
 CONVERSATION
PERSONAL PARTICULARS, FAM ILY

30-31. I know about the washing-machine, sewing-machine, dishwasher, hoover, electric

cooker, microwave oven, deep frier, electric iron, floor-polisher, refrigerator, spin-
drier, blender, percolator, coffee-grinder, hair-drier, etc.; but I use only a few of them
regularly. These are the cooker, refrigerator and the percolator.
32-33. a) I don’t know what to take up as a career yet, but I think I would like to go on to a
university or college. I love children so I may want to become a teacher either in a
nursery or in a primary school.
32-33. b) After leaving this grammar school, I would like to study at one of the universities,
either the university of law or medicine. I would like to become a lawyer or a doctor.

VOCABULARY LIST
1. detached house családi ház
block of flats tömbház
2. medium-sized közepes méretű
3-4. ft=foot (feet) egy láb (kb. 30 cm)
ins (inches) hüvelyk (kb. 2,5 cm)
to weigh, -ed súlyban nyomni
stone kb. 6,5 kg
5. to attend, -ed sg. jár vhová
primary school általános iskola
secondary school középiskola
local helyi
nearby közeli
6. nursery óvoda
to be accepted at felvesz
secondary grammar school gimnázium
secondary technical school szakközépiskola
vocational school szakmunkásképző
at the moment jelenleg
7. responsibility felelősség
carefree gondtalan
mischief pajkosság
atmosphere légkör, hangulat
particularly különösebben
firstly először, elsősorban
8. energetic energikus
bossy parancsolgató
talkative beszédes
for most of the time többnyire
sociable társaságkedvelő
witty szellemes
to have a good sense of humour jó humorérzéke van
9. straight/ wavy/ curly egyenes/ göndör/ hullámos
beard szakáll
moustache bajusz
pale/ rosy complexion sápadt, rózsás arcbőr

8
 ____________CONVERSATION
PERSO N A L PA RTIC U LA RS, FA M ILY

overw eight túlsúlyos

plump duci

10. A ries Kos

T aurus Bika
Gemini Ikrek
C an cer Rák
Leo Oroszlán
Virgo Szűz
Libra M érleg
Scorpio Skorpió
S agittariu s Nyilas
C apricorn Bak
Aquarius Vízöntő
Pisces Halak

11. unfortunately sajnos

an only child egyke

12. younger broth er öcs

old age pensioner nyugdíjas

1 4 -1 5 . altogether összesen
still m ég mindig
elder brother báty

1 6 -1 7 . personnel executive személyzetis

trading company kereskedelmi tá rsa sá g
clerk hivatalnok
agent ügynök
lawyer jogász
accountant könyvelő
between jobs munkanélküli
1 8 -1 9 . to discuss, -ed megvitat
outing kirándulás
20. thank goodness hála istennek
to be alive élni
to go out to work eljár dolgozni
granny nagyi
excellent kiváló
cook szakács
22. au n t/ auntie nagynéni
uncle nagybácsi
brother-in-law sógor
sister-in-law sógornő
mother-in-law anyós
father-in-law após
in-laws házasság által szerzett rokonok
cousin unokatestvér (szülők testvérének
fia v. lánya)
nephew /n iece unokaöcs /-húg
23. on family occasions családi alkalmakkor

9
CONVERSATION
PERSONAL PARTICULARS, FAMILY

24. understanding megértő

caring gondoskodó
cute aranyos
25. board game társasjáték
to play cards kártyázni
privacy magánélet
to disturb, -ed zavarni
to be on one’s own egyedül van
26-27. housework házimunka
cleaning takarítás
washing up mosogatás
ironing vasalás
to dust the furniture leporolja a bútort
to hoover the carpets kiporszívózza a szőnyegeket
to polish, -ed fényesít
to air, -ed kiszellőztet
28. to look after the garden kezeli a kertet
to fix, -ed megjavít
dripping tap csöpögő csap
broken shelf törött polc
D.I.Y. (Do-It-Yourself) barkácsolás
29. to decorate a room szobát díszít, berendez
to lay, laid, laid the table megterítem az asztalt
to make the bed beágyazni
30-31. sewing machine varrógép
dishwasher mosogatógép
hoover / vacuum cleaner porszívó
electric cooker
elektromos tűzhely
microwave oven
mikrohullámú sütő
deep-frier
olajsütő
spin-drier
centrifuga
blender
robotgép
32-33. to take sg up as a career
hivatásul választ
to go on to university
egyetemre megy
college
főiskola
nursery
óvoda
university of law
jogi egyetem
university of medicine
orvostudományi egyetem
lawyer
jogász

10
 CONVERSATION
MAN AND SOCIETY

2. Ember és társadalom

MAN AND SOCIETY

■ A másik ember külső és- belső jellemzése
LOOKS AND PERSONALITY
■ Baráti kör
FRIENDS
■ A tizenévesek világa: kapcsolat a kortársakkal, felnőttekkel
LIFE OF TEENAGERS, THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH PEERS AND ADULTS
■ Női és férfi szerepek
MALE AND FEMALE ROLES
■ Ünnepek, családi ünnepek
HOLIDAYS AND FAMILY OCCASSIONS
■ Öltözködés, divat
CLOTHING AND FASHION
■ Vásárlás, szolgáltatások
SHOPPING AND SERVICES

QUESTIONS
1. How do you get on with your classmates?
2. What is the teacher-student relationship like in your school?
3. What is your form-teacher like?
4. Do you like him/her?
5. What does your favourite type of man/girl look like?
6. What do your parents look like?
7. How do you get on with them?
8. How do you get on with your friends?
9. What is your best friend like?
10. Have you or your friends ever had any experience of the generation gap?
11. What are some of the problems teenagers have?
12. Can you explain why many school leavers with good results cannot enter
universities?
13. How much freedom should children have in their choice of career?
14. How many jobs are women responsible for?
15. Can a woman fulfil the duty of a wife, mother and a career woman?
16. Who “wears the trousers” in your family?
17. What jobs are typically the husband’s responsibility?
18. What family occasions do you celebrate?
19. How do you celebrate birthdays?
20. What is the greatest family festival for you?
21. How do you celebrate Christmas?
22. How do you celebrate Easter?

11
MAN AND SO C IETY

23. How do you celebrate New Year’s Eve?

24. How many public holidays do we have?
25. What do we celebrate on these days?
26. What do you wear in winter?
27. What do you wear in summer?
28. What clothes do men wear?
29. What clothes do women wear?
30. What is fashionable for young people today?
31. What are you wearing now?
32. How often do you go shopping?
33. W hat do you buy every day?
34. What can you get in a supermarket?
35. How do you do your shopping there?
36. What shops are there in the main street of your town?
37. What can you buy in a big department store?
38. What services are provided by a post office?
39. How can you send a parcel/ letter?
40. How do you address an envelope in Hungary?
41. Are you on the phone?
42. How do you make a telephone call from a public phone-box?

MODEL ANSWERS
1. a) I get on very well with my classmates. They are a nice bunch of people and I really
like them. I am good friends with some of them and if we have problems we solve
them together. They are quite bright, hard-working and helpful and I like being with
them.

1. b) I get on all right with most of my classmates but I am good friends with only a few of
them. Some of the boys are still very childish and mischievous. But my friends are all
kind and helpful and I can always rely on them.

2. a) I think the teacher-student relationship is ideal in our school. I like all my teachers,
especially my English teacher. She is really nice and I enjoy her lessons very much.
She is also a very well-qualified language teacher.

2. b) I don’t think that the teacher-student relationship is particularly good in our school.
Most of our teachers just give orders and don’t take the trouble to understand our
problems. They like some students better than others and have their favourites in
each class.

3 -4 . My form-teacher is a nice woman of about 3 0 /4 0 /5 0 . She doesn’t keep her distance

and is very kind to everybody. I think she is a really good teacher and we all enjoy
her lessons very much. She teaches us English/history/maths.

5. a) My favourite type of man is tall and slim. He has brown eyes and brown hair. He
does not necessarily have to have a moustache and he hasn’t got a beard either.

5. b) My favourite type of girl is slim. She has blue eyes and fair hair. She is emotional and
attractive.

12
 CONVERSATION
MAN AND SOCIETY

6. a) My mother is a short, plump woman. She is in her late forties and is very careful
about her appearance. She has long hair, which she usually wears in a bun. She has a
round face with a small nose and big blue eyes.

6. b) My father is quite tall and stout. He has a square face, with a sharp nose and brown
eyes. His hair is thinning and he has already got a few grey hairs.

7. a) I get on quite well with my parents. They trust me and let me do what I want. They
give me a lot of freedom so I hardly ever have any quarrels with them. They treat me
like an adult and I can always turn to them for help and advice.

7.b ) I don’t get on very well with my parents, we often quarrel about unimportant things.
They don’t understand my problems and they are not very tolerant, either. They like
giving orders to me and still treat me like a child.

8. I get on very well with most of my friends. They are really nice. They are always
ready to help and they always listen to my problems. I enjoy talking to them when I
have some time off from my studies.

9. a) My best friend is a fairly emotional person. He/she expresses his/her emotions easily.
He/she is an extrovert. He/she likes lively conversations. He/she is a cheerful and
sociable person.

9. b) My friend is understanding and patient with people. He shows imagination; he often

makes well-balanced decisions and, just like me, he copes with new situations well. I
think he is also sociable and loves keeping company. He has a good sense of humour
and he is usually cheerful.

9. c) My friend is somewhat absent-minded and easily gets into a rage. She also tends to be
moody and she is quite sensitive to what is happening around her.
She often feels depressed and she likes leaving things till tomorrow. At the same
time, she is really understanding and co-operative. She always speaks her mind and is
never very sentimental.

10. Yes, I suppose everybody has. The generation gap is by no means a modern
phenomenon. The young have always reacted against the accepted beliefs of their
elders. I myself was a rebel in my younger days and mostly had a difference of
opinion with my mother. I was very critical of my parents and of the world around
me, but never of myself. To tell you the truth I still don’t know why my mother was
dead against me going steady with a boy at the age of 16. I think it is just natural.

11. By the time they are 16 or 17 they almost certainly have experienced some
disillusionment with adult society, being very sensitive to social injustice. They would
like to be given unrestricted freedom at one moment and would like to be told what to
do the next. They feel that their parents do not understand them, which leads them to
ignore parental counsel. That’s why they often feel frustrated about their own affairs.
Teenagers need extra attention both from parents and teachers otherwise they may
easily turn to drugs or violence.

12. Unfortunately, there are fewer university places in Hungary than are needed. At
certain universities there are 3 or 4 applicants for every place, while admission to
others is quite easy to get. Understandably there is a lot of competition and
sometimes even the best students fail to stand the strain and give up.

13. a) Parents should have a say, but the final decision should be left up to the student.
After all it is his/her life and he/she should know what he/she wants to do with it.

13
 CONVERSATION
MAN AND SOCIETY

13. b) It goes without saying that the child cannot take responsibility of decision-making
concerning his future life. Parents should tell him/her what career to choose because
they have more experience of life and only they know what is good for their child.
After all they know the child better than he/she does himself/herself and can more
easily decide what kind of job he/she is suited to.
14. If a woman goes out to work, she is responsible for at least three jobs. Some women
hold high positions and are good mothers and housewives at the same time.

15. a) Women work in nearly all jobs nowadays, but as a result of this they are rarely free
to do the one thing in life which women most desire, that is, to give their undivided
attention to the home and the family. I think that a career girl is basically a
frustrated housewife.

15. b) It all depends on the husband’s attitude. If he shares the responsibility of bringing up
a child and caring for the family with his wife, which should ideally happen in every
family, women will be less exhausted and more efficient both at work and at home.
16. My father/mother/husband/wife does. Important decisions are always made by
him/her and poor mother/father can hardly have a say.
17. Men are usually good at decorating the flat and repairing household devices. A
handyman can fix a dripping tap, replace a burnt-out light bulb, paste wallpaper,
repair a leaking water-pipe.
18. We celebrate birthdays, name-days, wedding anniversaries and mother’s day.
19. I either buy or make a present for my father’s or my mother’s birthday. On my
birthday, my mother usually prepares a chocolate layer cake with candles on it. We
always have some relatives or friends coming in the afternoon, wishing me many
happy returns of the day. Sometimes I give a little party and invite my classmates to
it.

20. For me, Christmas is the greatest family festival, when we celebrate the birth of Jesus
Christ.
21. Two or three weeks before Christmas people send cards to all their friends and
relatives wishing them a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. On Christmas Eve
the Christmas tree is decorated and children are given a lot of presents. On the first
and second day of Christmas families have big meals and visit each other in the
afternoons.
22. On Easter Sunday we have ham and hard-boiled eggs for breakfast. Lunch is a big
meal too; we usually have chicken soup, pork, beef or veal cutlet with some rice or
potatoes. On Easter Monday the boys go and sprinkle the girls with perfume or water.
In return the girls give them painted eggs or chocolate Easter bunnies.
23. On New Year’s Eve most people go to parties where they sing and dance till morning.
Others stay at home and watch television. I always stay up until at least midnight,
when we drink champagne and wish each other a Happy New Year.
24-25. On March 15th we celebrate the Hungarian Revolution and W ar of Independence of
1848-49. May 1st is the spring holiday. August 20th is the day of our first king,
Stephan. On October 23rd we celebrate the declaration of the Hungarian Republic
and the revolution of 1956.
26. In winter you must wear warm clothes. In cold weather people wear hats, gloves,
scarves, warm sweaters and trousers, thick overcoats and winter boots.

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 MAN AND SOCIETY

27. In summer it is enough to put on a light dress or a T-shirt with shorts or a skirt. On
our feet we wear sandals.
28. A man wears a shirt, a pair of trousers, a tie, a suit or a jacket. On his feet he wears
socks and a pair of leather shoes.
29. A woman wears a blouse, a skirt or a dress or a suit, a pair of tights or stockings.
30. Jeans never go out of fashion. They are very popular with young people in all colours.
They are worn with long T-shirts. Tight trousers, leggings and mini skirts are also
fashionable today. Girls like wearing fashion ear-rings, bracelets and necklaces.
31. I am wearing a white shirt/ blouse and black trousers/ a black skirt. I have a pair of
black socks/ nylon tights on my legs. On my feet I am wearing brown/ black shoes. I
also have a gold necklace around my neck and a watch on my wrist.

32. I go shopping every day/ every other day/ twice a week/ at the week-end. / I often do
the shopping on my way home from school/ work.
33. Every day I buy bread or rolls, milk or cocoa, some cold cuts and the basic food for
supper and breakfast.
34. In a supermarket you can get different kinds of bread, rolls, cakes; dairy products
such as milk, cream, sour cream, cheese, cottage cheese, yoghurt and butter; groceries
like, for example flour, cereals, tea, sugar and spices; fresh meat, smoked meat and
sausages as well as fruit, vegetables and sweets.

35. When I do the shopping in a supermarket I get a basket or a trolley first. Then I walk
from shelf to shelf and fill my basket with the things I need. When I have finished I
join the queue (if there is one) at the cash-desk and pay for the goods I have in my
basket.
36. There is a stationer’s, a sports shop, a record and video shop, a kitchenware shop, a
chemist’s, a glassware shop, a bookshop, a shoeshop, and an electrical store, a
haberdashery, a perfumery, a ladies’ wear shop, a men’s wear shop, two big
department stores and a post office in the main street of my town.

37. In a big department store you can get clothes and shoes for men, women and
children, sports and leather goods, toiletries and jewellery, haberdashery, coats and
underwear, household goods and electrical appliances, etc.

38. At the post office you can buy stamps, postcards, envelopes, newspapers. You can also
send letters, parcels, money orders and telegrams. There are always some telephone
boxes at a post office from where you can make calls. You can also subscribe to
newspapers and magazines which the postman then will deliver to your house.

39. Letters can be sent by registered post or if the letter is urgent you send it express. If
you want to send a parcel you have to fill in a parcel form. The parcel is always
weighed before you pay for it.

40. You write the addressee’s name on the right-hand side of the envelope in the middle.
Under that we write his/her town/village, street, house number. In the bottom right-
hand corner we write the postal code. The sender’s name and address go in the left-
hand corner of the envelope.
41. I have been on the phone for ... years./ Unfortunately, I am not on the phone yet.

42. You pick up the receiver and wait for the dialling tone. Then you put a twenty-forint
coin or your phone card into the slot and dial the number. If the line is engaged or
the number won’t answer you hang up and try again later.

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CONVERSATION
MAN AND S O C IE T Y

V O CABU LARY L IS T
1. to get on well with jól kijön vkivel
classmate osztálytárs
bunch of people embercsoport
bright okos
hard-working szorgalmas
to be friends with sy barátkozik vkivel
childish gyerekes
mischievous pajkos
to rely (relied) on sy számít vkire
2. teacher-student relationship tanár-diák viszony
well-qualified jólképzett
to give orders parancsokat osztogat
to take the trouble veszi a fáradságot
3 -4 . form teacher osztályfőnök
5. necessarily feltétlenül
emotional érzelmes
attractive vonzó
6. plump kövérkés, duci
to be in one’s late forties 48 és 50 között van
to be careful of one’s appearance ügyel a külsejére
bun konty
stout köpcös, kövér
square négyszögletes
to thin, -ned ritkul
hair hajszál

7. to trust, -ed sy bízni vkiben

freedom szabadság
hardly ever aligha
to quarrel, -led vitatkozni
to treat, -ed kezelni
to turn to sy for advice tanácsot kér vkitől
to give orders parancsokat osztogat
adult felnőtt

8. off study a tanulás mellett

9. emotional érzelmes
extrovert nyitott személyiség
lively élénk
cheerful vidám
sociable társaságkedvelő
understanding megértő
well-balanced kiegyensúlyozott
to cope with boldogul vmivel
a good sense of humour jó humorérzék
absent-minded szórakozott
to get into a rage dühbe gurul
moody változó hangulatú
to feel depressed lehangolt

16
 CONVERSATION
MAN AND SO C IE T Y

to speak one’s mind megmondja, amit gondol

to keep company társaságba jár
10. modern phenomenon modern jelenség
to react, -ed reagál
accepted belief meggyőződés
to rebel, -led, rebel lázad, lázadó
in my younger days fiatalkoromban
to have a difference of opinion with sy más véleményen van
to be critical of kritikus vkivel szemben
to be dead against sg kifejezetten ellene van
to go steady with jár vkivel
to disguise one’s feelings elrejti az érzelme
11. to experience sg megtapasztal vmit
disillusionment kiábrándultság
social injustice társadalmi igazságtalanság
unrestricted freedom korlátlan szabadság
to ignore, -d nem vesz figyelembe
parental counsel szülői tanács
frustrated meghiúsult, sikertelenséget érző
extra attention külön figyelem
to turn to sg vmihez nyúl
drug kábítószer

12. applicant jelentkező

a lot of competition nagy versengés
to stand the strain bírja a terhelést
few university places kevés egyetemi hely
to set a high standard magas követelményt támaszt
superficial knowledge felszínes tudás

13. to have a say van beleszólása

final decision végső döntés
it goes without saying magától értetődik
decision-making döntéshozatal
experience of life élettapasztalat
to be suited to a job alkalmas egy állásra

14. a mother of three 3 gyermek anyja

to cope with megbirkózik vvel
to go out to work eljár dolgozni
to hold a high position magas beosztása van

15. undivided attention osztatlan figyelem

career girl sikeres hölgy
frustrated sikertelen
to bring up a child gyermeket nevel
a slave of the family a család rabszolgája
to care for ellát, törődik vele
ideally optimális esetben
exhausted kimerült
 C O N V E R SA T IO N
MAN AND SO C IETY

16. to make a decision döntést hoz

to have a say van beleszólása
to give orders parancsolgat

17. to wash the car kocsit mos

to decorate the flat berendezi a lakást
handyman ezermester
household devices háztartási eszközök
to repair/fix/mend javít
to clean the cellar kitakarítja a pincét
to remove the bulbs kicseréli a villanykörtét
to drip, -ped csöpög
to stick, stuck, stuck on wallpaper felragasztja a tapétát
to leak, -ed folyat
waterpipe vízvezeték
to do up the house felújítja a házat
to drive a nail in szöget bever
18. wedding anniversary házassági évforduló
mothers’ day anyák napja
19. chocolate layer cake csokitorta
candle gyertya
Many happy returns of the day! Boldog születésnapot!
20. family festival családi ünnep
to celebrate, -d megünnepel
21. Christmas Eve karácsony előestéje
Christmas tree karácsonyfa
to decorate, -d feldíszít
22. hard-boiled egg főtt tojás
chicken soup tyúkhúsleves
pork disznóhús
beef marhahús
veal cutlet borjúszelet
to sprinkle, -d meglocsol
in return viszonzásul
bunny húsvéti nyuszi
23. champagne pezsgő
24-25. revolution and war of independence forradalom és szabadságharc
declaration kikiáltás
26. gloves kesztyű
scarf, scarves sál, sálak
thick vastag
overcoat nagykabát
winter boots téli csizma
27. to put on felvesz
light dress könnyű ruha
T-shirt póló
sandals szandál

18
 CO N V ERSA TIO N
M AN AND S O C IE T Y ”

28. suit öltöny

leather shoes bőrcipő

29. suit itt: kosztüm

tights harisnyanadrág
stockings harisnya

30. fashionable divatos

to go out of fashion kimegy a divatból
leggings cicanadrág
fashion ear-rings bizsu fülbevaló
bracelet karkötő
necklace nyaklánc

31. socks zokni

wrist csukló
wrist-watch karóra

32. on one’s way home útban vhová

to go shopping vásárolni megy

33. roll zsemle

basic food alapvető élelem

34. dairy product tejtermék

groceries fűszeráru
cereals gabonanemű (reggeli étel)
smoked meat füstölt hús
sausage kolbász
sweets édességek

35. basket kosár

trolley bevásárlókocsi
to fill, -ed megtölt
to join the queue beáll a sorba
cash desk pénztár
36. stationer’s papírbolt
kitchenware konyhafelszerelés
chemist’s gyógyszertár
glassware üvegáru
electrical store műszaki áruház
ladies’ wear női divatáru
department store áruház
men’s wear férfi divatáru
37. leather goods bőráruk
toiletries pipereszerek
jewellery ékszerek
haberdashery rövidáru
underwear alsóruházat
electrical appliances műszaki berendezések
38. envelope boríték
parcel csomag
telephone box telefonfülke
to make a call telefonhívást végez

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EN VIRO N M EN T

to subscribe to sg megrendel (újságot)

to deliver, -ed kézbesít

39. by registered post ajánlva

urgent sürgős
parcel form csomagfeladó vevény
to weigh, -ed megmér

40. addressee címzett

bottom alsó (itt)
postal code irányítószám
sender feladó

41. to be on the phone van telefonja

not yet még nem

42. to pick up the receiver felveszi a kagylót

dialling tone tárcsahang
phone card telefonkártya
slot nyílás
to dial, -led tárcsáz
the line is engaged foglalt a vonal
to hang hung, hung up leteszi a kagylót

3. Környezetünk

ENVIRONM ENT
■ Az otthon, a lakóhely és környéke (a lakószoba, a lakás, a ház bemutatása)
THE AREA W HERE YOU LIVE (ROOMS, FLAT, HOUSE)

■ A lakóhely nevezetességei, szolgáltatások, szórakozási lehetőségek

SIGHTS, SERVICES, FACILITIES FOR ENTERTAINMENT

■ A városi és a vidéki élet összehasonlítása

CITY L IFE , COUNTRY LIFE

■ Növények és állatok a környezetünkben

THE FLORA AND THE FAUNA AROUND US

■ Környezetvédelem a szűkebb környezetünkben: Mit tehetünk környezetünkért

vagy a természet megóvásáért?
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, WHAT CAN YOU DO TO PROTECT THE
IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS?

■ Időjárás
W EATH ER

Q UESTIO N S
1. W here do you come from? W here do you live?
2. W h at is your tow n/ village like?
3. W h at is the region like? W hat is the flora and the fauna like?
4. W h at is your tow n/ area famous for?

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 CONVERSATION
ENVIRONMENT

5. Is it mainly an industrial or an agricultural area?

6. What are the old parts of your town like?
7. Are there any buildings of historic or architectural interest in your area?
8. How many inhabitants are there?
9. What facilities are there in your area?
10. Are you happy to live there?
11. Where would you prefer to live: in a town or in the country? Why?
12. Do you live near/ far from the centre?
13. Do you live in a house or in a flat?
14. What kind of house/ flat is it?
15. Is there a garden around it?
16. What is there in the garden?
17. How many rooms are there in your flat/ house?
18. How big are the rooms?
19. How is your room furnished?
20. How big is your kitchen?
21. How is it furnished?
22. Have you got a living-room?
23. What is it like?
24. What things are there in your bathroom?
25. Have you got an attic/ cellar/ balcony?
26. What do you use them for?
27. What kinds of ornaments do you like?
28. Have you got a telephone/ colour TV/ DVD/ CD player/ home computer?
29. What kind of heating is there?
30. What kind of floor covering have you got?
31. What different types of housing do you know?
32. What kinds of pollution have you heard of?
33. What can you do to protect your environment?
34. What is selective waste collection
35. Do you have it in the area where you live?
36. What sort of weather do you like most?
37. Which is your favourite season? Why?
38. What is the weather like in spring?
39. What happens to trees and plants in spring?
40. What is the weather like in summer?
41. What do people often do in summer?
42. What do you wear on the beach?
43. Which season do you like the least? Why?
44. What happens to trees and plants in autumn?
45. What is the weather like in autumn?
46. How do you protect yourself from the rain?

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ENVIRONMENT

47. What is the weather like in winter?

48. Do you like cold weather?
49. Compare the climate of England with that of Hungary.

MODEL ANSWERS
1. I come from the western/ eastern/ southern/ northern part of Hungary. I come from
a town/ village called... . I live there at 20 Kossuth Street.

2. a ) My town is an old historic town so it has a lot of monuments. It is an important

cultural and administrative centre in the Transdanubian region.

2. b) My town is a big industrial town in the north of the country. It is a busy and lively
town, but sometimes a bit too noisy for me.

2. c) My village is in an agricultural area where most of the inhabitants work on the land
or raise animals. It is a nice and quiet place and I like living there very much.

3. a) The ground is mainly flat there. If you go outside the town and look around you can
see the land stretching away into the distance. It is an impressive but monotonous
landscape. It has quite rich flora but it is not particularly spectacular. There is now a
highway that runs north-south across the country.

3. b) It is an area of low hills and nice green valleys. Oak forests occupy the slopes of the
hills which are the natural habitats of lots of different species of animals such as
eagles, falcons, foxes, hares and deer. There are waterfalls and cool brooks running
down from the mountains. It is a charming landscape, but unfortunately it has lost
some of its beauty since tourists began to visit the area.

4. a) The area is famous for its food-processing industry and good cuisine. There are some
folk customs and traditions that have been preserved and even the young put on
national folk costumes on holidays. The area is also famous for embroidered table­
cloths and cushions.

4. b) Our area is basically a paradise for tourists. It has also played a crucial part during
the stormy years of our country’s history. Lake Balaton, which has a charm of its
own, attracts a lot of visitors from year to year. North of the lake, on the slopes of the
Badacsony hills are the special vineyards which produce Grey Friar, the famous wine.
Around the lake new hotels have been built, motels have been opened in the most
attractive spots, well-equipped camping sites have been established. The lake is
flanked by an almost continuous line of holiday resorts with beaches, sports centres,
boat houses, weekend cottages and private summer villas.

5. a) It is an agricultural area, where nearly half the population works on the land growing
crops and raising animals. Farmers use machines and advanced methods to produce
the largest possible amount of food. They grow wheat, maize, barley and oats, as well
as root crops like sugar beet, carrots and turnips. Others raise livestock, mainly pigs
and cattle.

5. b) It is an industrial area, in fact one of the largest unbroken industrial areas in

Hungary. It is an important centre of the smelting industry for which much of the
iron ore is supplied by the nearby mines. There is also a power plant in the
neighbourhood, which uses local lignite. The main product of the chemical works is
fertilisers.

6 -7 . My town is an old historic town, which consequently has a lot of monuments. It was
in Veszprém that the first Hungarian bishopric was founded. The castle area became

2 2
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ENVIRONMENT

a palace for the queen, who was always crowned by the bishop of Veszprém. Most of
the present landscape of the area was developed during the reconstructions of the
baroque period. There are lots of buildings of both historical and architectural
interest here, for instance the Fire Tower, the Heroes’ Gate, the Bishop’s Palace, the
Cathedral of St, Michael and Gizella’s Chapel.

8. The population of our town/ village is about 80,000 (eighty thousand) /250,000 (two
hundred and fifty thousand) /1,500 (one thousand five hundred). But it doubles in
summer, when there are always a lot of tourists coming to visit the town.

9. Next to our block there is a kindergarten, two well-tended playgrounds for children
and a sports ground for ice skating in winter and football in summer. Shopping
facilities, including a supermarket, a post office, a chemist’s are near at hand and
there is a cinema too. Coming down the main street you can see playing fields and
beyond them a big park. We also have a recreation centre with sports grounds, a
small swimming pool and swings and slides for the children. Not far from us there
are excellent restaurants, a live theatre, an art gallery, a cinema and even a night
club.

10. a ) I am very happy to live in this town. Firstly, because it is located in a lovely area and
secondly, because the town itself is beautiful. It is neither too big nor too small and it
offers very good shopping and entertainment facilities.

10. b) I don’t like my town very much. It is far too big and dirty for me. There is always a
lot of traffic and the air is polluted. The streets are full of people who are always
rushing somewhere.

11. a) I would prefer to live in the country. People in the country are a lot friendlier than
town people. They are close to nature and they can take long walks in the forests or
in the fields whenever they wish to. Life is peaceful and quiet in the country; there is
no noise, pollution or people rushing about.

11. b) I would prefer to live in a town. Towns are lively places, where there is always
something interesting happening. There is a wide choice of shops, cinemas, theatres,
restaurants and discos. You can go out to a different place every night if you want to.
Life is exciting there.

12. a) I live on a housing estate which is quite a long way from the centre. But there are
buses that take you to the centre. They run every ten minutes.

12. b) I don’t live far from the centre; it doesn’t take more than five minutes to get from my
place to the centre.
13-14. I live in a house with a big garden/ a two-room flat on the third floor of a big block of
flats. It is a detached house in a nice part of the town/ a freehold flat/ a council flat.
15-16. We have a big garden behind the house and a small one in front of it. Part of the
garden is a lawn. In the orchard we have an apple, peach, sour cherry, apricot and a
pear tree. In the vegetable garden we grow carrots, onions, parsnips, garlic, green
peppers and tomatoes. In the front garden we have flowers; mainly roses and tulips.
17. We have eight rooms; two bedrooms, a living-room, a study, a hall, a bathroom, a
kitchen and a small pantry.
18. Some of the rooms are quite big. The biggest one is thirty square metres, the smallest
is six.

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 ENVIRONMENT

19. There is a bed by the wall next to the window. My desk is right beside the bed. At the
desk there is a chair and a standard lamp. The wall opposite the window is covered
with shelves.
20-21. Our kitchen is not very big; it is three and a half metres by three. There is a dining
table by the window. Around the table there are chairs. The dresser is next to the
chairs, by the wall. Opposite the window is the sink. On one side of the sink there is a
gas cooker, on the other there is a big cupboard.
22-23. We have a big/ small living room. It is light and cosy. It faces the front garden and
the street. There are nice curtains on the windows and. a big carpet on the floor. The
walls are white and the furniture is dark brown. The settee and the armchairs are
light brown. There are plants and pictures on the walls.
24. We have a white/ blue/ green tub in the bathroom and there is hot and cold running
water. The washbasin is beside the tub and over the washbasin there is a mirror. The
bathroom shelf is next to the mirror. On the shelf we have toothbrushes, toothpaste,
sprays, shampoo and some body lotion. The towels are on a rack next to the
washbasin.
25-26. We have an attic at the top of the house. We use it as a store-room. We also have a
cellar, where we used to keep coal and wood for heating. Our house/ flat has a big/
small balcony and there are beautiful flowers on it.
27. I like all kinds of ornaments such as ceramics, china figures, pictures, bronze vases,
candlesticks and ashtrays, nice table lamps and wall rugs.
28. Unfortunately, we are not on the phone, but there are two mobile phones in the
family. One belongs to my father, the other is owned by my mother, but it is usually
me who uses it. / Yes, we have a telephone and a colour TV with a big screen.
Unfortunately, we haven’t got a DVD yet but we have two CD players; one in the
living-room and one in the children’s room. We also have two personal computers,
which we use regularly.

29. There is floor heating/ convector heaters/ electric heaters/ central heating/ fireplaces
in our house/ flat.
30. The kitchen floor is tiled/ covered with lino. The bathroom floor is tiled. In the living-
room and the bedrooms we have floor boards/ wall-to-wall carpets.
31. People can live in blocks of flats/ terraced houses/ semi-detached houses/ detached
houses/ bungalows/ cottages/ etc.

32. I have heard of air, water and soil pollution. In general, the larger the city the higher
the degree of air pollution, which is caused mainly by factories or by fumes from cars
and from other means of transport. Even rivers are dirtier in a city than in the
country. All types of pollution can be very dangerous for plants and animals as well
as for human health. This is why we must avoid polluting our environment in any
way.

33-35. The first thing I can do is that I don’t litter the streets, but try to put the rubbish into
the dustbin. Hopefully, I find one when I need it. Our household could also select
waste. The only problem is that there’s no selective waste collection yet in the area
where I live. I also pay attention to buying products which have been recycled and I
always ask the shop assistants not to put the products into plastic bags for me. I
rather put them into a box or a carrier bag.

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ENVIRONMENT

36-37. a) I like it when it is sunny and the temperature is not lower than twenty/ fifteen
degrees. My favourite season is spring because it is warm again after the long, cold
winter days.
36-37. b) I like it when it is hot, bright and sunny. My favourite season is summer because you
are never cold in summer. You don’t have to put on many clothes and you don’t have
to go to school either.
38. In spring the weather is usually bright and sunny. But sometimes it can get cloudy
and windy. Occasionally there can be heavy rainstorms with thunder and lightning.
39. In spring the snow melts and nature awakens from its winter sleep. The trees begin
to grow leaves and the flowers begin to bloom.
40. It is usually hot in summer. The sun is shining and the temperatures are over thirty.
Occasionally there are showers but they don’t last long. After the shower the sky is
blue again and it is even hotter than before.
41. Most people take their holidays in summer and go to Lake Balaton or to the seaside
to enjoy the nice weather. When they are on the beach they either lie in the sun or
swim in the cool water.
42. On the beach women wear a bathing suit or a bikini (sometimes a topless one) and
perhaps a sun-hat. Men wear swimming trunks.
43. a) I don’t like autumn because it is the rainiest season. I hate it when it is rainy and
cloudy.
43. b) I like winter the least because it is very cold outside. I hate it when it is frosty.
44. In autumn the leaves of trees slowly become yellow, brown and red and then they fall.
There is some fruit, though, which we harvest in autumn. Some of these are plums,
pears, apples, grapes and nuts.
45. It is often foggy and cloudy in autumn. It is quite cold especially in November. There
is sometimes frost. It often rains and occasionally there is strong wind.
46. You can use an umbrella or put on a mackintosh to protect yourself from the rain.
47-48. In winter the temperatures are usually below zero. It is cold and frosty. It often
snows and the roads become slippery. I always feel cold in such weather. I don’t like
cold weather because I have to wear warm clothes and still I am half frozen when I go
to work in the morning.
49. The weather is wet and rainy in England. It is usually very changeable. It is colder in
summer and milder in winter than in Hungary. It rains more but it rarely snows.

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VOCABULARY LIST
2. historic town történelmi város
monument emlékmű
administrative centre közigazgatási központ
Transdanubian region Dunántúl
industrial ipari
busy forgalmas
lively élénk, eleven
noisy zajos
agricultural mezőgazdasági
area terület, vidék
inhabitant lakos
to raise, -d nevel, tenyészt
3. flat ground sík vidék
to stretch, -ed elterül
monotonous egyhangú
landscape táj
flora növényvilág
spectacular látványos
low hill domb
valley völgy
oak forest tölgyerdő
slope lejtő, hegyoldal
habitat élőhely
species faj, fajok
waterfall vízesés
brook patak
4. food-processing industry élelmiszer feldolgozó ipar
cuisine konyha(művészet)
folk customs népszokások
to preserve, -d megőriz
embroidered hímzett
table-cloth asztalterítő
cushion díszpárna
paradise for tourists turista paradicsom
crucial döntő, fontos
stormy years viharos évek
to attract, -ed vonz
vineyard szőlőskert
spot hely
to establish, -ed létrehoz, alapít
to be flanked by közrefog, szegélyez
holiday resort üdülőhely
weekend cottage hétvégi ház
5. agricultural area mezőgazdasági vidék
crop termény
to raise animals állatokat tart
wheat búza
maize kukorica

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e n v ir o n m e n t

barley árpa
oat zab
root crop gumós növények
sugar beet cukorrépa
livestock élőállat, jószág
cattle szarvasmarha
industrial area ipari terület
unbroken folytonos
smelting industry kohászat
iron ore vasérc
power plant erőmű
lignite barnaszén, lignit
fertiliser műtrágya
aluminium foundry alumínium kohó
6-7. architectural építészeti
historic town történelmi város
consequently következésképpen
bishopric püspökség
bishop püspök
to found, -ed megalapít
to crown, -ed megkoronáz
reconstruction újjáépítés
baroque period barokk korszak
cathedral székesegyház
chapel kápolna
8. population népesség, lakosság
to double, -d megduplázódni
9. facility szolgáltatás, lehetőség
kindergarten óvoda
well-tended playground szépen kezelt játszótér
ice skating korcsolya
recreation centre szabadidő központ
swings hinta
slide csúszda
art gallery művészeti galéria
10. to be located elhelyezkedik, található
neither ... nor sem ... sem
to offer, -ed kínál
shopping and enterainment facilities vásárlási és szórakozási lehetőségek
dirty piszkos
polluted szennyezett
to rush, -ed sietni, rohanni
11. a lot friendlier sokkal barátságosabb
to be close to sg közel van vmihez
forest erdő
peaceful békés
a wide choice of sg széles választék
to go out elmegy szórakozni
exciting izgalmas

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ENVIRONMENT

12. housing estate lakótelep

to be a long way messze van
to run, ran, run itt: közlekedni
13-14. house with a garden kertesház
two-room flat kétszobás lakás
block of flats tömbház
detached house különálló kétszintes ház
freehold flat öröklakás
council flat tanácsi lakás
15-16. lawn gyep
orchard gyümölcsöskert
peach tree őszibarackfa
sour cherry meggy
apricot sárgabarack
pear körte
to grow, grew, grown termel
carrot sárgarépa
onion hagyma
parsnip fehérrépa
garlic fokhagyma
green pepper zöldpaprika
tulip tulipán
17. study dolgozószoba
pantry kamra
18. square metre négyzetméter
19. desk íróasztal
standard lamp állólámpa
to cover, -ed befed, beborít
20-21. by itt: -szor
dining table ebédlőasztal
dresser tálaló
sink mosogató
gas cooker gáztűzhely

22-23. cosy kényelmes, barátságos

to face, -d sg itt: néz vhova
curtain függöny
carpet szőnyeg
furniture bútor
settee kanapé
light brown világosbarna

24. bath-tub fürdőkád

hot and cold running water hideg, meleg folyóvíz
washbasin mosdó
mirror tükör
toothpaste fogkrém
body lotion testápoló
towel rack törölközőtartó

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ENVIRONMENT

25-26. attic padlásszoba

store-room raktár
cellar pince
coal szén
27. ornament díszítés
such as mint például
ceramics kerámia
china porcelán
vase váza
candlestick gyertyatartó
ashtray hamutálca
wall rug faliszőnyeg
28. to bo on the phone van telefonja
screen képernyő
Hi-Fi tower hi-fi torony
home computer személyi számítógép
regularly rendszeresen
29. floor heating padlófűtés
electric heater villanykályha
central heating központi fűtés
fireplace kandalló
30. tile itt: járólap
lino műpadló
floor board padló
wall-to-wall carpet padlószőnyeg
31. terraced house sorház
semi-detached house társasház
bungalow különálló egyszintes ház
32. soil pollution talaj szennyezés
degree of air pollution a levegő szennyezés mértéke
to be caused okozza
fume füst
dangerous veszélyes
as well as éppúgy, mint
to avoid, -ed elkerül

33-35. to litter, -ed szemetelni

rubbish szemét
hopefully remélhetőleg
household háztartás
selective waste collection szelektív szemét gyűjtés
to recycle, -d újrahasznosít
plastic bag műanyag zacskó
carrier bag szatyor

36-37. temperature hőmérséklet

not lower than nem alacsonyabb, mint
degree fok
bright világos, fényes

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ENVIRONMENT

38. to get cloudy befelhősödik

windy szeles
occasionally időnként
heavy rainstorm nagy vihar (esővel)
thunder dörgés
lightning villámlás

39. to melt, -ed elolvad

to awaken, -ed felébred
leaf, leaves levél, levelek
to bloom, -ed virágzik

40. shower zápor

to last, -ed tart vmeddig
hotter than before melegebb, mint valaha

41. to take one’s holiday kiveszi a szabadságát

seaside tengerpart
to lie in the sun napozik

42. to wear, wore, worn hord, visel

bathing suit fürdőruha
topless felsőrész nélküli
swimming trunks fürdőnadrág

43. the rainiest season a legesősebb évszak

the least a legkevésbé
it is frosty fagy
44. to become yellow megsárgul
to fall, fell fallen leesik
to harvest, -ed betakarít
plum szilva
pear körte
nut dió
45. foggy ködös
especially különösen
frost fagy
46. to protect oneself védi magát
umbrella esernyő
mack (mackintosh) esőkabát
47-48. below zero nulla fok alatt
slippery csúszós
in such weather ilyen időben
to be half frozen félig meg van fagyva
still mégis
to freeze, froze, frozen megfagy, befagy
49. wet nedves
changeable változékony
mild enyhe
rarely ritkán

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SCHOOL

4. Az iskola

SCHOOL
■ Saját iskolájának bemutatása (sajátosságok, pl. szakmai képzés, tagozat)
YOUR SCHOOL, SPECIAL FEATURES, VOCATIONAL TRAINING,
SPECIALISED TRAINING PROGRAMMES
■ Tantárgyak, órarend, érdeklődési kör, tanulmányi munka
SUBJECTS, TIME-TABLE, INTERESTS, STUDIES
■ A nyelvtanulás, a nyelvtudás szerepe, fontossága
LANGUAGE LEARNING, IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF SPEAKING A
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
■ Az iskolai élet tanuláson kívüli eseményei, iskolai hagyományok
EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, SCHOOL TRADITIONS

QUESTIONS
1. Did/do you do well at school?
2. Which year are you in?
3. Did/do you enjoy school? Why? Why not?
4. What are your favourite subjects?
5. Which are the ones that you don’t like?
6. How many periods do you normally have a day?
7. What do you do in the English lessons?
8. What out-of-class activities are you involved in?
9. What are your main interests?
10. Does your school offer any possibilities for club life?
11. What educational and recreational facilities does your club provide for the
students?
12. Do you attend any programmes?
13. Which do you enjoy most?
14. What else do you take part in?
15. What possibilities are there for learning English in Hungary?
16. What courses can you choose from in bigger towns?
17. What English speaking and teaching programmes are there on TV?
18. Do you ever use the TV or the radio for learning English?
19. How can you improve your language abilities by doing this?
20. What other possibilities do the media offer?
21. What do they all help you with?
22. Why are you studying English?
23. Which languages are taught in Hungary?
24. When does a child start studying a foreign language?
25. What alternatives does he/she have?
26. What choices are offered to children in secondary schools?

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27. How many languages do pupils have to study in a secondary grammar school?
28. Do you think that the teaching of English is efficient in Hungarian secondary
schools? Why? Why not?
29. Are you a good language learner?
30. What types of secondary schools are there in Hungary?
31. Is it common for pupils to have to learn things by heart? What sorts of things?
32. How much homework do you usually have?
33. Is there a lot of specialisation in grammar schools?
34. What is the system of optional classes?
35. What happens if you are absent?
36. What is your school building like?
37. What kind of laboratories are there?
38. How are they equipped?
39. Who was the school named after?
40. Do you have a uniform?
41. What important events are there in your school during the year?

M O D EL A N SW ER S
1. a) I think I do quite well at school; I don’t have any grades worse than three and I
always prepare conscientiously for the lessons. I have quite a good memory that’s why
I usually perform very well on tests. But I am far too anxious when I am asked to
give an oral presentation.
1. b) I am afraid I don’t do very well at school. I prefer reading and going out with friends
to studying. I can hardly bring myself to sit down and study long hours in the
afternoons as most students in our school do.
2. I have just finished the twelfth year of secondary school. / I have just finished the
fourth year of secondary school.
3. a) I love school. You know you are young and carefree and you don’t really have much
responsibility. Our class is a good group and the boys are fond of mischief. Altogether
there is a good atmosphere.
3. b) I don’t particularly enjoy being a schoolgirl/schoolboy. Firstly because I don’t like
studying and secondly because I hate doing the stupid homework they give us every
day. I like doing what I am interested in and dislike being told what to do.
4 -5 . My favourite subjects are languages (German, English, French, Italian) /arts subjects
(history, Hungarian literature, Hungarian grammar, arts, music etc.)/science subjects
(maths, physics, chemistry, geography, biology etc.). My strong point is English and
my weak point is maths. I don’t even like to think of it. Otherwise I try to do my best
in every subject but I am obviously a lot better at the ones I am interested in.
6. Normally we have six periods a day with a long break between the second and the
third lessons. There are some days though when we have more than six but we are
allowed to leave quite early on Fridays, when we have only five.
7. I enjoy English lessons very much because the atmosphere is always very relaxed and
yet we learn a lot. We often play language games and do role-plays. We hardly ever
speak Hungarian unless we do some translation. When we learn a new grammar

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SCHOOL

structure we do quite a lot of drills and grammar exercises. Sometimes we read texts
which we have to learn by heart.
8. I take private lessons in English and music twice a week and I go to a basketball
work-out every other weekday. There are study circles in the afternoon and I regularly
attend the one in maths.
9. I am interested in languages/ sport/ films/ plays/ music/ computer programming/
astronomy etc. I am fond of reading and I have a lot of books at home. I like playing
ball games and going on outings.
10 - 11. Our school has a club, which is extremely popular with the student body. It not only
provides entertainment, such as video shows, concerts and discos, but a wide choice
of amateur art activities like painting, sculpture, pottery, music, dancing and acting
as well. Especially popular are the musical and theatrical groups. Those who like
singing join the choir and those who have exceptionally fine voices and a good ear for
music go in for solo singing. Those who make dancing a hobby have a choice of ballet,
folk dancing or acrobatic rock-and-roll. Most students seem to prefer theatricals.
Some of their amateur productions have won the praise of professionals.
12-14. I love films, so I regularly attend the showings of the latest films which are usually
run on Wednesday afternoons. From time to time the club has lectures on music and
literature with recitals by outstanding musicians or actors. Because I like music and
literature, and I also recite poetry myself, I go to these programmes whenever I can.
My favourites, however, are the meetings with prominent personalities working in the
fields of politics or the economy. I also love taking part in outings and weekend tours.
15-16. First of all you can learn English at school, both in primary and secondary school or
even at university. If you are not a student any more you can go to evening classes and
get as many as four to ten English lessons a week. In bigger towns there are courses
for all levels: beginners, intermediate and advanced. These courses are usually cheaper
than the ones offered by private teachers, from whom you can get one-to-one tuition if
you wish. The idea of self-study is favoured by some of those who are false beginners
and think that a language can be acquired alone without the help of an expert teacher.
17-19. Most satellite channels offer English or German speaking programmes and there are
quite a few language teaching programmes on Hungarian TV too. Follow Through was
a successful series and now American programmes seem to be popular with children.
Unfortunately the BBC news is always broadcast late in the evening so I can’t see it
every time. I always watch the financial news on Sunday afternoons, which helps me
to learn the language and get interesting information about the world economy as
well. I often listen to the BBC radio news and enjoy the speakers’ beautiful
pronunciation and intonation. The more I listen to the English broadcasts the more I
am able to catch and grasp.
20- 21 . You can get the leading English and American newspapers at post offices and there is a
daily called ‘Daily News’ which covers the latest Hungarian and foreign news in English
and German. One of Hungary’s leading papers also has a regular language teaching
program in its Tuesday and Friday issues. They can all help you to master the language
if you read them regularly and don’t give up after the first hardships.
22. I am studying English so that I can communicate with people from different parts of
the world and to read native writers in the original. If you speak a world language
you can make friends during your travels and even through letters by corresponding
with boys and girls from other countries. You can apply for scholarships if you want
to continue your studies in the U.S. and on the whole, your possibilities are much

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wider. You are no longer considered to be an educated person without the knowledge
of at least one foreign language.
23-25. The most widely taught language in Hungary is German. There is no school, let it be
primary or secondary, without at least one or two teachers of German. English is also
quite popular, especially among youngsters. When a child reaches the age of 8 and
enters the third year of primary school, he or she starts studying a foreign language.
The child is offered a choice, which is usually between German and English. Children
can even specialise in either of them if they wish and can get more than the average
number of lessons a week in the chosen language.
26-27. In most secondary schools, especially in the bigger ones a choice of three or four,
sometimes even five or more foreign languages is offered to the pupils. These
languages are German, English, French, Italian, Spanish and perhaps Russian or
Latin. In a secondary grammar school pupils have to study two foreign languages and
they usually choose English and German.
28. a) As for me, I think that the teaching of English is quite efficient in Hungarian
secondary grammar schools as there are a lot of pupils between 14 and 18 who
manage to pass the intermediate level state language exam. Most pupils opt for
additional English classes in the third and fourth years and thus they can get five or
more English lessons a week. There are also annual competitions in English and if
you are among the first ten students you are granted free admission to university.
28. b) I don’t really think that the teaching of English is efficient enough in Hungarian
secondary schools. It is impossible to acquire a language in three 45-minute periods a
week with twenty to thirty students in a group.
29. a. I think I am a good language learner as I enjoy using foreign words and language is a
constant source of delight for me.
29.b. I am not sure if I am a good language learner. It is definitely hard work for me and I
would need a bit more speaking practice and perhaps more confidence to be able to
feel at home in any language.
30-35. Hungarian secondary schools fall into three categories: Secondary Grammar,
Secondary Technical or Vocational Schools. I myself attend a Secondary Grammar
School and I think these schools are very competitive in Hungary. We have three
hours’ homework every night and sometimes it takes even longer because we have to
learn poems from a Hungarian author or texts in a foreign language by heart. All of
us are expected to specialise at the age of sixteen in order to concentrate on the
subjects that we need for university entrance. There are additional lessons offered to
us in the subjects that we opt for and they are usually the ones that we will need for
our future career. It is not compulsory to make your choice, but once you have chosen
you have to attend these lessons throughout the whole school year. If you are not
there, you are marked absent in the attendance register and you will be given a
warning later if your absence has not been excused by a doctor’s note.
36-40. Our school building lies next to the main road of .../in the centre of . .. . It is a big,
white-coloured, two-storey building with a large/small school yard and a garden
around it. On the ground floor you can find the assembly hall, some classrooms and
the school canteen. The school library is in the basement, as well as the buffet, where
we can buy sandwiches, milk, cocoa and the basic articles needed for school work
such as books, notebooks, pens, pencils, rubbers, compasses, rulers or paper pads.
Most classrooms are on the first and second floors while the headmaster’s office and
the staff room are in a separate corridor on the first floor. Our school has also got

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SCHOOL

some special laboratories such as language, music, physics, chemistry, biology and
arts and crafts labs. These labs are quite well equipped. In the language lab, for
example we have a television and a video, cassette players with headphones and all
the necessary dictionaries, thesauruses and reference books. We also have a computer
room, where we can study computer techniques and programming. There are good
facilities for sports activities as well. We have a large school gymnasium and different
playing fields around the school. The school was named after a famous Hungarian
scientist /politician/ writer/ poet/ artist called ... . He/she was an outstanding figure
in the ... century and promoted ... . The school took his/her name to pay homage to
his/her personality and brilliant findings/work in the field of ... . We have a school
uniform, which means a white blouse, a black skirt for girls and a dark suit for boys.
We used to have to wear school gowns while in the school building but, fortunately,
they are not compulsory any more.
41. Not long after the beginning of the school year there is a ball organised for the first-
year pupils to initiate them into school life. Then during the year we commemorate all
the public holidays and important events of Hungarian history with some productions
prepared and performed by different classes. Every year in February or March there
is a party organised in honour of the school-leaving students. Both humorous skits
and some serious programmes are performed by the third-year students and each
school leaver is presented with a blue ribbon marking the years they have spent in
school. Then a big school ball is held, the greatest attraction of which are the ball-
opening dances. In May the school-leaving ceremonies continue and the fourth-year
students wander around the school to take leave of everything and everybody they
have had any contact with since their first day at school. The last phase of these
ceremonies is the final party or school-leaving feast which is always held after the
final exams. Each form goes out to a nice restaurant with their teachers and they eat
and drink to their hearts’ content to make the end of the school years memorable.

VOCABULARY L IS T
1. to do well at school jól tanul
grade jegy, osztályzat
to prepare, -d felkészül
conscientiously lelkiismeretesen
that’s why ezért
to perform, -ed teljesít
anxious ideges
to give an oral presentation felel
2. Which year are you in? Hányadik osztályba jársz?
3. responsibility felelősség
carefree gondtalan
mischief pajkosság
atmosphere légkör, hangulat
particularly különösebben
firstly először, elsősorban
4-5. favourite subjects kedvenc tantárgyak
arts subjects humán tárgyak
science subjects reál tárgyak
art rajz
music ének

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SCHOOL

strong/ weak point erős/ gyenge pontja

otherwise egyébként
obviously nyilvánvalóan

6. period tanóra
long break nagyszünet
7. relaxed atmosphere kötetlen légkör
role-play nyelvi szerepjáték
by heart kívülről
8. to take private lessons magánórákat vesz
work-out edzés
study circle szakkör
9. computer programming számítógép programozás
astronomy csillagászat
ball games labdajátékok
outing kirándulás
10-11. body testület
pottery fazekasság
solo singing szólóének
theatrical színpadi szereplés, előadás
to win the praise of elnyeri az elismerését
12-14. recital szólóest
outstanding musician kiemelkedő zenész
to recite poetry verseket szaval
prominent jelentős, fontos
outing kirándulás
15-16. level szint
beginner / intermediate / advanced kezdő, közép, felső
one-to-one tuition egy diák, egy tanár oktatás
self-study önálló tanulás
false beginner álkezdő
to acquire, -d elsajátít
17-19. pronunciation kiejtés
to catch, caught, caught / grasp, -ed megért, felfog
20-21. to master a language jól beszél egy nyelvet
hardship nehézség
22. in the original eredetiben
scholarship ösztöndíj
on the whole összességében, általában
23-25. youngsters fiatalok
to specialise in tagozatra jár, szakosodik
27-28. to pass an exam sikeres vizsgát tesz
intermediate level state language exam középfokú állami nyelvvizsga
to opt, -ed for választ vmit
additional további, plusz
annual competition évenkénti verseny
to be granted megad, garantál

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admission belépés, felvétel

to acquire, -d elsajátít
lack of hiánya vnek
prevalent (el)uralkodó
to be in short of sg kevés van vmiből
teaching aid tanítási segédeszköz
photocopier fénymásoló

29. constant állandó

source of delight örömforrás
to feel at home in a language otthon érzi m agát egy nyelvben

30-35. vocational school szakmunkásképző

competitive versenyképes
by heart kívülről
compulsory kötelező
throughout the whole year egész éven át
to mark sy absent beír vkit hiányzónak
attendance register hiányzási napló
to excuse one’s absence igazolja a hiányzását

36-40. school yard iskolaudvar

assembly hall gyűlésterem
basement alagsor
compasses körző
ruler vonalzó
paper pad papírtömb
staff room tanári szoba
arts and crafts lab gyakorlati terem , rajzterem
thesaurus fogalomköri szótár
computer techniques számítógép-kezelés
programming programozás
outstanding figure kiemelkedő alak
to promote, -d előmozdít, tám ogat
to pay homage to tisztelettel adózik
finding felfedezés
uniform egyenruha
gown köpeny

41. to initiate, -d beavat, felavat

alternate váltakozó, egymást váltó
skit paródia, humoros darab
school leaver végzős tanuló
ribbon szalag
school ball iskolabál
attraction látványosság
ball-opening dance nyitótánc
school-leaving ceremonies ballagás
to take leave of elbúcsúzik
phase szakasz
school-leaving feast bankett
final exams érettségi vizsga
to one’s h eart’s content amennyit csak kíván
memorable emlékezetes

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WORK

5 . A m u n k a v ilá g a

WORK
■ Diákmunka, nyári munkavállalás
STUDENTS AT WORK, SUMMER JOBS
■ Pályaválasztás, továbbtanulás, vagy munkába állás
CHOOSING YOUR CAREER, STUDY OR WORK

QUESTIONS
1. Have you ever worked in a job? (Have you ever had a job?)
2. How did you like it?
3. What kind of job was it?
4. How long did you work?
5. Was it a well-paid job?
6. How many days' paid holiday did you get?
7. What time did you start and finish work every day?
8. How did you normally spend the day at work?
9. Did you have any breaks during the day’s work?
10. What was the place like?
11. What is the difference between jobs and professions?
12. Name some skilled and unskilled jobs.
13. What would you write in a letter of application if you applied for a job?
14. Where can you find job advertisements?
15. Who can help you to find the job you are looking for?
16. Is it easy to find a job nowadays?
17. What happens if you have found the right job?
18. Who talks to the applicant at a job interview?
19. When did you last go to a job interview?
20. What did you agree on?
21. Were you informed about your responsibilities?
22. Did you accept the job?
23. What do you consider the most important thing about a job?
24. What would you say is less important?
25. How important is money to you?
26. What does work mean to you?
27. When do Hungarian school children have to decide what career to take up?
28. Do you think they are mature enough to do so?
29. Who should guide young people in their career choices?
30. What are you going to do when you leave secondary school?
31. What are you going to take up as a career? Why?
32. In what way is university training different from the kind of education you get in
a secondary school?
33. What kind of tertiary schools are there in Hungary?

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W ORK

M O D EL A N SW E R S
1. Yes, I have. It was last summer when I worked as a secretary/ guide/ salesgirl/
postman/ waiter for a month.
2 -3 . a) I liked working as a secretary/ guide/ salesgirl/ postman/ waiter. It was a varied job
and I never got bored with it even if it was quite tiring at tim es. I m et lots of
interesting people and I didn’t really feel that I was working.

2 -3 . b) I didn’t particularly liked my job. It was very tiring and boring. I was doing the same
things all the time, which I found depressing.
4. I worked for one/ two months and I enjoyed/ hated every m om ent of it. I usually
started work early in the morning/ at seven a.m./ late afternoon and worked until
noon/ half past four/ dawn.
5. To tell you the truth I was not satisfied with the money they paid me. I got forty/
fifty/ sixty thousand before tax, which is not much for a whole m onth’s work. I really
worked a lot and I was always very tired after work.

6. I didn’t get any paid holidays since it was only a tem porary job for me.
7. I worked full time/ part time. So I started work at six/ seven/ eight and finished it a t
two/ half past three/ half past five./ I worked flexible hours so I started and finished
work at different tim es every day.

8-9. a) When I got to the place, I soon started work. At twelve or half past twelve I had a
short lunch break for half an hour. I went down to the canteen and had a quick lunch
there. At about four I stopped, closed up the place and went home.

8-9. b) When I arrived at the place at a quarter to six. I got dressed, had some coffee and
started work at six o’clock sharp. I worked until nine when I stopped for a short time
to have breakfast. I bought some rolls and milk in the canteen. After breakfast I went
back and worked for five more hours.
10. The place where I work is quite small and it is full of old office furniture. Fortunately,
the windows are big so it is light enough to work comfortably all day. There are three
desks in the office; mine is by the window. On my desk there is a computer, which I
use every day.

11. The jobs that need university qualification are called professions. The people who
work in offices are sometimes called white-collar workers and they have to use their
brains. People in the professions are called professors, teachers, doctors, lawyers,
engineers, artists, researchers, etc.

12. Skilled workers are those who have learnt a trade such as a car mechanic, computer
operator, technician, turner, baker, butcher, beautician, hairdresser, barber, tailor,
cook, shop assistant, driver, railwayman, painter, glazier, bricklayer, plumber,
carpenter, joiner etc. Unskilled jobs, such as the job of a factory hand or an office
cleaner do not need special training.

13- In a letter of application I would give a kind of profile containing information about
my qualifications, schooling, exam results, present and previous experience, present
salary and perhaps I would give the dates when I am free for an interview.

1 4 - 17. If you want to find a job, you must look at the advertisements in the newspapers,
magazines or periodicals. If you can’t find the right job for you in them, there are
careers offices or employment agencies that may still help you and offer you the kind
of job you are looking for. But it is not very likely today when unemployment is

39
WORK

growing. If you are lucky and you think you have found the right job, you send your
curriculum vitae with your qualifications and details of your previous jobs and go for
an interview.

18-22. At a school it is usually the headmaster, or, in a company, the personnel manager
who interviews the applicants. I last went to an interview before I took up my present
job. I agreed with the personnel officer on my starting salary, the office hours and the
lunch break, the amount of paid holiday I would be entitled to. He also showed me
round the office and told me what my responsibilities would be. He also said that
there were good prospects of advancement and that promotion would depend entirely
on my ability and industry. As the job and the conditions appealed to me I accepted
that I would be on probation for the first three months. W e agreed that if my
probationary period was satisfactory I would be taken on the permanent staff and
would then become entitled to annual salary increments.

23-26. a) I think I can only make a success of my job if I am interested in it. So this is the
most important thing is to know that you are doing the right job. Of course, you
should be adequately paid for your work so that you don’t have to work on the side.
It’s good to have responsibility and freedom in decisions as well as a chance of
promotion. But all this is futile if the atmosphere is that of suspicion, ill-will and
grudges.

2 3 -2 6 . b) Money talks. This is my philosophy. So I don’t bother much about the conditions,
colleagues or bosses. I should get wages high enough to support my family and not to
have to do a second job after work. I think high pay and high bonuses are the most
important things about a job.

2 7 -2 8 . Hungarian school children have to decide what career to take up at the age of 13 or
14, that is they have to choose from among the three possible kinds of secondary
schools (grammar, technical or vocational). I am not convinced that these 13-14-year-
old children are sufficiently mature to choose a career for themselves. Those who
leave primary school do not have the slightest idea of what career to choose in life so
they try to delay their decisions and a considerable number of them enrol at
secondary grammar schools and make the final decision two years later.

29. In the old days it was taken for granted that sons would follow their father’s trades or
professions and thus they took up the occupation that best suited the interests of the
family. Nowadays most young people are encouraged to choose their own careers
according to their personal abilities and interests. I think both teachers and parents
should stimulate the interest of young people in many directions so that they have a
range of fields to choose from. Young people are often poor judges of their own
abilities and need a lot of guidance to be able to find the type of career th at they are
most suited to and are most interested in.

3 0 -3 1 . After leaving this grammar school I would like to study at one of the universities. I
simply can’t tell you what I am going to take up as a career. Well, I have thought of
becoming a teacher of ... . My parents do not share this idea, they want me to become
a doctor /... They may be right, because a doctor’s /... work is more respected and
acknowledged than that of a teacher / ... . But I am not really persuaded by them
saying that I would earn more money and would have a better life as a doctor /... .
This job is simply not for me. I would rather go in for teaching than medicine as a
career. I have no doubts about the poor financial prospects, but, you know, money is
not everything. It is much more important for me to do something l really love.

40
 CONVERSATION
W ORK

32. At the university students are there to obtain a highly academic qualification as well
as to extend their knowledge of one or two subjects in their own ways. To do this
efficiently there are libraries, laboratories, lecture rooms at your disposal. The
university semesters are shorter than secondary school terms and the students are
free to do what they like in the vacations. They usually have lots of oral exams,
though, on the material of the lectures they attended during the semesters.
Attendance at lectures is not always compulsory, but it is advisable to keep a high
profile at seminars. During a semester students are given assignments and have to
write several essays which have to be presented to their tutors.
33. The best known institutions are the following: University of Economics/ Technology/
Medicine/ Arts and Sciences; Academy of Fine Arts /Music/Applied Arts/Film and
Theatrical Arts, Naval/Military Academy, Teacher Training College, College of Trade
and Catering/Foreign Trade/Finance and Accountancy/ Agriculture/ Horticulture/
Forestry/ Physical Education; Training College for Kindergarten Teachers; Ballet
Institute; College of Advanced Technology.

V O C A BU LA RY L IS T
1. guide idegenvezető
salesgirl/ salesman eladó
2 -3 . varied változatos
to get bored with sg beleunni vmibe
tiring fárasztó
depressing lehangoló
4. present jelenlegi
dawn hajnal
5. to tell the truth az igazat megvallva
to be satisfied with elégedett
before tax bruttó
6. paid holiday fizetett szabadság
tem porary ideiglenes, átm eneti
7. to work, -ed full tim e teljes munkaidőben dolgozik
to work part tim e részm unkaidőben dolgozik
to work flexible hours kötetlen m unkaidőben dolgozik

8 -9 canteen m unkahelyi ebédlő

close up bezár
sharp pontosan
roll zsemle
fo r five m ore hours m ég öt ó rá t

10. office fu rniture irodabútor

fortu nately szerencsére
light enough elég világos
com fortably kényelm esen

11. un iversity qualification egyetem i végzettség

profession hivatás
w hite-collar w orker szellem i m u nkás
to do brainw ork szellem i m u n k át végez
re se a rc h e r k u tató
WORK

12. sk illed w o rk e r s z a k k é p z e tt m u n k á s

tr a d e szak m a

s u c h as m in t p é ld á u l

c a r m e ch a n ic a u tó s z e re lő

c o m p u te r o p e r a to r szá m ító g é p -k e z e lő

tu r n e r e s z te r g á ly o s

b e a u tic ia n k o z m e tik u s

ra ilw a y m a n v a s u ta s

g la z ie r ü v eg es
b ric k la y e r kőm ű ves
p lu m b e r v íz v e z e té k -sz e re lő

c a r p e n te r ács
jo in e r a s z ta lo s
u n sk illed sz a k k é p z e tle n

f a c to r y h a n d segédm unkás

c le a n e r ta k a r ító
s p e c ia l tr a in in g sp e c iá lis k é p z é s

13. p ro file s z a k m a i ö n é le tr a jz
q u a lific a tio n s s z a k k é p z e tts é g
s ch o o lin g isk o lai v é g z e tts é g
p re v io u s e x p e r ie n c e k o rá b b i t a p a s z t a l a t
p r e s e n t s a la r y je le n le g i fiz e té s

1 4 -1 7 . jo b a d (v e r tis e m e n t) á llá s h ir d e té s
c . v . (c u r r ic u lu m v ita e ) ö n é le tra jz
e m p lo y m e n t a g e n c y m u n k a k ö z v e títő ü g y n ö k s é g
u n e m p lo y m e n t m u n k a n é lk ü lis é g

1 8 -2 2 . s ta r tin g s a la r y k ezd ő fiz e té s

p e r s o n n e l o ffice r sz e m é ly z e ti v e z e tő
o ffice h o u r s m u n k a id ő
p r o s p e c ts o f a d v a n c e m e n t e lő re ju tá s i k ilá tá s o k
to b e e n title d to m eg ille ti
to sh o w , -ed r o u n d k ö rb e v e z e t
p r o m o tio n e lő lé p te té s
e n tir e ly te lje s m é rté k b e n
in d u s try s z o r g a lo m
p r o b a tio n a r y p e rio d p ró b a id ő
s a tis f a c t o r y k ielég ítő
p erm an en t á llan d ó
p e r m a n e n t s ta f f á lla n d ó m u n k a e rő
a n n u a l s a la r y in c r e m e n ts . É v e n k é n ti f iz e té s e m e lé s

2 3 -2 6 . to m a k e a s u c c e s s o f s ik e r r e v isz
a d e q u a te m e g fe le lő , e le g e n d ő
to w o rk o n th e s id e / to do a s e c o n d jo b m e llé k á llá s a v a n
futile h iá b a v a ló
s u sp icio n g y a n ú , g y a n ú s ít á s
ill-will r o s s z i n d u la t
g ru d g e ir ig y s é g
m o n e y ta lk s a pén z b eszél
w ag es f iz e té s (t e lje s ítm é n y u t á n )

42
 CONVERSATION
WORK

to support one’s family eltartja a családját

bonus jutalék
27-28. sufficiently mature kellőképpen érett
the slightest idea leghalványabb elképzelés
considerable jelentős
to enrol, -led beiratkozik
29. to take sg for granted biztosra vesz
trade szakma
to guide, -d irányít, vezet, tanácsot ad
ability képesség
to stimulate, -d ösztönöz, stimulál
range of fields sokféle terület
poor judge of rossz bírája vnek
guidance segítség, tanácsadás
30-31. respected elismert
to go in for vmilyen pályára megy
medicine orvostudomány
poor financial prospects rossz anyagi küátások
32. to obtain, -ed szerez
academic qualification tudományos képzettség
lecture room előadóterem
to be at one’s disposal rendelkezésére áll
vacation vakáció, szünet
advisable tanácsos
to keep a high profile gyakran megjelenik
assignment feladat
tutor tanár
33. University of Economics közgazdaságtudományi egyetem
University of Technology műszaki egyetem
University of Medicine orvosi egyetem
University of Arts and Sciences tudományegyetem
Faculty of Arts/Divinity/Natural Sciences/Law
bölcsészettudományi/ teológiai/
természettudományi/ jogi kar
Academy of Fine Arts /Music/Applied Arts/Film and Theatrical Arts
képzőművészeti/ zeneművészeti/
iparművészeti/színművészeti főiskola
Naval/Military Academy tengerészeti akadémia/ katonai főiskola
Teacher Training College tanárképző főiskola
College of Trade and Catering/Foreign Trade/Finance and
Accountancy/ Agriculture/ Horticulture/ Forestry/Physical Education
vendéglátóipari/ külkereskedelmi/
pénzügyi és számviteli főiskola,
agrártudományi/ kertészeti/erdészeti
egyetem/ testnevelési főiskola
Training College for Kindergarten Teachers óvónőképző
Ballet Institute balettintézet
College of Advanced Technology műszaki főiskola

43
CONVERSATION
LIFESTYLE

6. Életmód
LIFESTYLE
■ Napirend, időbeosztás
DAILY ROUTINE, TIME MANAGEMENT
■ Az egészséges életmód (a helyes és a helytelen táplálkozás, a testmozgás szerepe
az egészség megőrzésében, testápolás)
HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE
■ Étkezési szokások a családban
MEALS IN THE HOME
■ Ételek, kedvenc ételek
FOOD AND FAVOURITE DISHES
■ Étkezés iskolai menzán, éttermekben, gyorséttermekben
CANTEEN, RESTAURANTS, FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS
■ Gyakori betegségek, sérülések, baleset
COMMON DISEASES, INJURIES, ACCIDENTS
■ Gyógykezelés (háziorvos, szakorvos, kórházak)
CURES (general practitioners, specialists, hospitals)

QUESTIONS
1. When do you usually get up?
2. How do you wake up?
3. What do you do first when you get up?
4. W hat do you do in the bathroom?
5. Who prepares your breakfast?
6. W hat do you usually have for breakfast?
7. How do you go to work/ school?
8. How long does it take to get there?
9. What is your school time-table like?
10. Have you got a morning/ lunch break?
11. Where do you have lunch?
12. W hat do you usually have for lunch?
13. What do you do after school?
14. How do you spend the evenings at home?
15. What time do you usually go to bed?
16. How many hours of sleep do you need?
17. Describe your daily routine on a Sunday.
18. What must you do to keep in good health?
19. What should a healthy diet contain?
20. How many times do you eat a day? What are these meals?
21. What does a lunch usually consist of in Hungary?
22. What are our national dishes?

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LIFESTYLE

23. What do you usually have for supper?

24. What do you keep in the fridge/ larder?
25. Who does the cooking in your family?
26. Can you cook?
27. Do you like cooking?
28. What is your favourite dish?
29. How do you make it?
30. How do you lay the table?
31. Do you often go to restaurants?
32. What do you do when you enter a restaurant?
33. What do you do after that?
34. How do you get your lunch at the canteen?
35. Are you happy with the canteen food?
36. How many courses do you usually have?
37. W hat do you generally take for the first /second/ third course?
38. W hat is Hungarian cuisine famous for?
39. W hat choices do you have if you want to dine out?
40. When do people choose the self-service system?
41. W hat do you do when you go into a self-service restaurant?
42. How do you choose your meal?
43. Where do you pay for the food?
44. W hat are the advantages of these restaurants?
45. Are there any disadvantages?
46. When were you last ill?
47. W hat was the matter with you?
48. Did you go to the doctor’s?
49. How did the doctor examine you?
50. W hat treatment did he prescribe?
51. Where did you get the medicine?
52. How long did it take you to recover?
53. W hat do you do if you have tooth-ache?
54. W hat are the commonest diseases?
55. W hat diseases did you suffer from in childhood?
56. Have you ever been in hospital?
57. Have you had any major operations?
58. W hat are most people operated on for?
59. How are you prepared for an operation?
60. W hat departments are there in a hospital?
61. W hat specialists work in these departments?
62. Have you ever broken any of your bones?
63. W hat happens to people who have broken their arms/legs?
64. When do people need to be rushed to the casualty department?
CO N VERSA TIO N
LIFES T Y L E

M O D EL A N SW ER S
1. On weekdays I usually get up at half past six/ six o’clock because work/ school starts
at seven/ eight o’clock. On Saturdays and Sundays I get up much later, at about nine
or ten.

2. It is usually my mother who wakes me up. But sometimes I set the alarm clock and
when it rings I get out of bed. It is always/ never very difficult for me to get up.

3 -4 . When I get up I go to the bathroom to wash. I wash my face/ neck, ears and hands
and dry myself with a towel. Sometimes I take a shower or have a bath. Then I clean
my teeth, comb my hair and begin to get dressed.

5. My mother does/ I do. Before she leaves she puts my breakfast on the table and I
only have to eat it. / My mother is always in a hurry in the mornings, so she doesn’t
have time to prepare my breakfast.

6. I usually have a sandwich/ buttered toast with jam or honey/ bread and some salami/
scrambled eggs/ soft or hard boiled eggs/ just some fruit for breakfast. I like to drink
milk/ hot chocolate/ tea with milk/ tea with lemon/ white coffee/ black coffee .

7. I go to work/ school on foot/ by bus/ by car/ by tram/ by train/ by underground;/ I

usually cycle to work;/ I go to the bus stop, get on a number 23 bus, and get off right
outside the school/ office.

8. When I walk it takes me about twenty-five minutes to get there. It is much faster
when I take a bus. The journey then doesn’t take more than ten minutes.

9 -1 0 . The lessons normally start at eight o’clock unless we have a seven-o’clock lesson.
Fortunately this happens only once a week. On an average day there are six lessons
with ten-minute breaks in between. The lessons last for forty-five minutes and the
long break after the second lesson lasts for twenty minutes. There is no separate
lunch break; everybody can have lunch when all the lessons are over.

11. On weekdays I always have lunch in the school canteen but at the weekends I have
lunch at home. There is quite good food in the canteen but the amount they give for
lunch is not always enough for me.

12. I usually start with some soup (bean/ lentil/ pea/ meat/ fruit etc.) then I either have
some vegetable sauce or some kind of meat with rice or potatoes. For the third course
I sometimes have fruit or cakes.

13. After school I go home, have a chat with my brother/ sister/friends and sit down to
study for the next day’s lessons. When my mother comes home from work I help her
with the housework.

14. After supper I help my mother to clear the table and wash up the dishes. I f I have a
lot of homework I sit down and study until eight or nine o’clock. Then I watch TV or
read a good book.

15. I usually go to bed at ten o’clock or at half past ten. If I am very tired I try to go to
bed earlier, at about nine.

16. I need at least seven/ eight/ nine hours of sleep every night otherwise I am tired and
grumpy the following morning.

17. On Sunday morning I get up at about nine or ten o’clock. I have a big breakfast then
I go to church. By the time I get home my mother has finished cooking and the family
has lunch together. After lunch I try to spend some time outdoors; I go walking with

46
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LIFESTYLE

my friends or we go to the cinema together. If I don’t feel like going out I watch TV
or relax with an interesting book. I go to bed earlier than on Saturday because on
Monday I have to get up early again.
18. To keep in good health you must try to lead a healthy life. This means that you must
do some sport regularly and have a healthy diet as well.
19.a A healthy diet should contain at least the same amount of fibre as fat. It should also
contain the major nutrients, such as vitamins, protein, calories or iron. It should be
high in vegetables and grains, with a modest amount of meat.

19. b) I think if you are happy with what you are eating then that is your healthy diet. It is
much worse to be continuously worried about your nutrition than to eat what you
actually wish to eat.

20. Normally I eat three/ four times a day. These meals are breakfast, (elevenses), lunch
and supper. I eat the most for lunch and the least for supper.

21. Lunch consists of three courses: first comes some soup (vegetable, meat or fruit
soup). The second course is either some meat (pork, beef, veal, chicken, duck, turkey
or fish ) with potatoes, rice or some vegetable dish made from peas, beans, cabbage or
lentils. The second course may also be some noodles with cottage cheese or pancakes.
The third course is usually some cake or fruit.
22. Our most popular national dishes are Újházi chicken soup, goulash, fish soup, chicken
paprika with sour cream, noodles with cottage cheese, sour cream and bacon, stuffed
cabbage etc.
23. I don’t have a hot meal in the evening unless there is some left-over from lunch. But
normally I just have a sandwich or some cold cuts and eggs for supper. When I am on
a slimming diet I don’t have supper at all.
24. I keep butter, cold cuts, milk, cream, sour cream, cheese, cottage cheese, fresh meat,
fruit and vegetables in the fridge. In the larder I keep flour, cooking oil, sugar, rice,
spices, canned and tinned food, etc.

25. It is usually me/ my mother/ my wife who does the cooking in our family. I quite
often help her, though./ My husband quite often helps me, though.

2 6 -27. a) I am afraid I can’t cook very well. I can prepare some of the basic dishes and I am
very good at making tea and scrambled eggs. But to tell you the truth I don’t like
cooking at all.

2 6-27. b) I think I can cook quite well. I can make very good soups, m eat dishes and vegetable
sauces. I can also bake cakes. I enjoy cooking and I do cook for my family every day.

2 8 -2 9 . My favourite dish is pancakes and they are very easy to prepare. You need some
flour, eggs, some salt, sugar, milk and water. You mix them and fry the liquid in a
frying pan. Then you stuff the pancakes with marmalade, cottage cheese or poppy­
seed.

30. First I put the plates on it. The napkin, the knife and the spoon go on the right-hand
side and the fork goes on the left. I put the glasses and the dessert spoons in front of
the plates.
31. I don’t often go to a restaurant, only if I have some guests or I want to celebrate a
special occasion.

47
CO N VERSATION
LIFESTYLE

3 2 -33. When you enter a restaurant you look for an empty table, sit down and ask the waiter
for the menu. Then you order the dishes you want to have. After having your meal
you ask for the bill, pay it and give a tip to the waiter.

34. In the canteen we join a queue. After taking a tray, cutlery, some paper serviettes and
a glass we pass the various counters and choose what we want to have.

35. a) Naturally, canteen food is not in the same street as what your mother/wife cooks at
home, but I am not particularly choosy or fastidious about what I eat. I eat everything
that is delicious and well-cooked.

35. b) I am not very keen on the food that we get in the canteen, because it is usually a far
cry from what I really like. I have a sweet tooth, but you are rarely given any cakes.
There is too much meat and vegetable sauce.

3 6 -3 7 . Lunch consists of three courses: first comes some soup (clear, vegetable, meat, pea,
bean or fruit soup). I generally take fruit soup, because this is my favourite. The
second course is either some meat (a pork chop, a slice of roast beef, some poultry or
fish, usually tuna-fish) with garnish (mashed potatoes, chips or rice) or with some
vegetable dish made from green peas, split peas, French beans, marrow, spinach or
sorrel. Cabbage is also popular prepared as cabbage with tomatoes or stuffed cabbage.
The second course may also be some noodles, pancakes, strudel (filled with fruit,
cottage cheese, cabbage or poppy-seed), scones or doughnuts. The third course is
always some cake or depending on the season of the year fresh or stewed fruit.

38. The Hungarians take great pride in their fish dishes, made from the delicate pike-
perch caught in Lake Balaton and the many varieties that abound in the Danube. The
Fish Soup is a meal in itself. I think Hungarian cuisine has a good reputation and the
foreigners who come here find our dishes very tasty and delicious. Hungarian
Goulash, for example, is world famous, but there are many other inviting, lesser-
known specialities. Many local dishes are prepared with paprika, which despite its
fiery red colour gives a rather pleasing sweet taste to the food. Among the most
popular national dishes are paprika chicken with sour cream, veal chops cooked in a
paprika sauce, and stuffed cabbage, which is a pure delight for those who like
cabbage. There is also a rich choice of noodles in Hungary: noodles with ground
poppy-seed and sugar, with cabbage or roasted paprika potatoes. Our national dish is
noodles with cottage cheese, sour cream and pieces of roasted bacon. W e Hungarians
are also fond of different soups; we are a soup-eating nation. The m ost popular soup
is Újházi chicken broth. A typical Hungarian lunch is unimaginable without soup.

39. To eat out means to have a meal in a restaurant. If you want to dine out you have the
choice of going to a first-, second-, or third-class restaurant, a self-service restaurant
or in summer to an open-air restaurant.

4 0 -4 3 . People choose the self-service system if they are in a hurry and they want to have a
quick meal. You go into the restaurant and choose the dish you want to eat from the
list hanging on the wall. Then you pick up a tray, knife, fork and spoon and queue at
the counter where the food is on display. You pick out what you want and put it on
your tray, which you have to push along a special rack till you reach the cashier. The
cashier will give you the bill. After paying you take your tray to any table you like.
You can sit alone or with another customer.
4 4 -4 5 . Self-service restaurants have the advantage of offering inexpensive dishes. You can
have a good meal in ten minutes and there is no waiter so you don’t have to give a
tip. What’s more, you never buy a pig-in-a-poke, which quite frequently happens in a

48
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LIFESTYLE

first-class restaurant. The only disadvantage is that you may not always find a free
table as the place may be crowded and noisy.

46-47. a) I was ill about a month/ two weeks/ half a year ago. I had flu/ a bad cold. I had a
headache and a sore throat. My nose was running and I was coughing and sneezing. I
had a temperature of 37.5 (thirty-seven point five degrees). I also had a pain in my
chest.

46-47. b) I can’t remember the time that I was last ill. I have had flu several times in my life
but fortunately, I haven’t been ill for a long time.

4 8 -4 9 . When I had flu I decided to see the doctor. He looked at my tongue and throat, felt
my pulse and listened to my lungs. He gave me a thermometer to take my
temperature. It was quite high. He diagnosed my illness and prescribed some
medicine.

50. The doctor said I had to stay in bed for a few days and take the medicine three times
a day/ twice a day after meals. He also told me to drink a lot of hot tea with lemon
and keep warm.

51. I got all the pills at the nearby chemist’s, went home and went to bed right away.

52. It took me for about a week/ three days to recover. / After following the doctor’s
advice I soon recovered from my illness.

53. I f I have toothache I go to the dentist. The dentist then fills the aching tooth. If it is
too far gone he pulls it out.

54. Perhaps influenza is the commonest disease but there are a lot of people who suffer
from different kinds of allergies. Unfortunately, a large number of people have
nervous breakdowns. The most common causes of death are cancer and heart attack.

55. When I was a child I had mumps/ measles/ scarlet fever/ chicken pox/ whooping
cough.

5 6 -59. I was in hospital when I was a child. I had my tonsils and adenoids removed. I think
this is a very common reason for an operation even in adulthood. Most people,
however, are operated on for appendicitis. Sometimes an emergency operation is
needed. Before the operation the surgeons and the nurses dress in green, wash their
hands and put on masks. You are put on a trolley and taken to the operating theatre
where you get a local or a general anaesthetic. If you get a general anaesthetic you
will be sent to sleep. Sometimes you are given a laxative a day before the operation.

6 0 -61. Physicians work in the department of internal medicine, which is usually the largest
department in a hospital. Then there is the operating theatre, where surgeons work,
and the gynaecology and maternity wards. The urology ward is where your kidney
troubles are treated and if you have any problem with your skin you are sent to the
dermatology department. The ear-nose-and-throat department is usually next to the
eye department, where eye specialists work. Psychiatrists and nerve specialists treat
their patients in the neurology department. People who have difficulty in moving are
looked after in the rheumatology department or sent to a health resort where they get
physiotherapy. The cardiology department and the intensive care unit are usually on
one of the upper floors. The radiology department, the laboratory and the casualty
department are on the ground floor so that they can be easily accessible.

62-63. Fortunately I have never broken any of my bones, but obviously, people who have
broken bones have to go to, or are taken to, hospital for an X-ray. If it is a young
person the bone will set quickly but he will have to have it in plaster for a time, too. If

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it is his leg that is broken he will naturally have to go round on crutches until the
plaster comes off. Once the plaster comes off, he will still have to rest it and walk as
little as possible.
64. People need to be taken to the casualty department if they have had an accident such
as falling down on a slippery road, colliding with a car and bruising their skin, getting
an internal haemorrhage and serious wounds, scalding or burning themselves while
cooking and having third-degree burns and in the case of other serious emergency
situations.

VOCABULARY LIST
1. weekday munkanap
2. to set the alarm clock beállítja az ébresztőórát
to ring, rang, rung csörögni
to get out of bed kikel az ágyból
3-4. to dry oneself megtörölközni
towel törölköző
to take a shower zuhanyozik
to have a bath megfürdik
to comb one’s hair megfésülködik
to get dressed felöltözködik
5. to be in a hurry sietni
to prepare, -d elkészíteni
6. buttered toast vajas pirítós
honey méz
scrambled eggs tojásrántotta
sofb/hard-boiled eggs lágy-/keménytojás
chocolate kakaó
white coffee tejeskávé
7. on foot gyalog
to cycle, -d kerékpározni
to get on/off felszáll/ leszáll
right outside közvetlen előtte
8. to walk, -ed gyalog menni
journey út, utazás
9-10. unless hacsaknem
seven-o’clock lesson nulladik óra
fortunately szerencsére
average átlagos
break szünet
to last, -ed tartani vmeddig
separate külön
to be over befejeződni
11. amount mennyiség
12. bean soup bableves
lentil lencse
pea borsó
 CONVERSATION
L IF E S T Y L E

vegetable sauce főzelék

course fogás
13. to have a chat beszélget
to help sy with sg segít vkinek vmiben
15. to clear the table leszedni az asztalt
dish edény
16. otherwise különben
grumpy morcos
17. outdoors a szabad levegőn
to feel like doing sg kedve van vmihez
to relax, -ed kikapcsolódni
18. to lead a healthy way of life egészségesen él
diet étrend
19. fibre rost
nutrient táplálék
grain rostos, szemes táplálék
modest amount kis mennyiség
nutrition táplálás, táplálkozás
20. elevenses tízórai
supper könnyű vacsora
the least a legkevesebbet
21. to consist, -ed of sg áll vmiből
course fogás
either ... or vagy ... vagy
pork disznóhús
beef marhahús
veal borjúhús
duck kacsa
turkey pulyka
dish étel
lentil lencse
noodles kifőtt tészta
cottage cheese túró
pancake palacsinta

22. national dish nemzeti étel

chicken paprika with sour cream csirkepaprikás
sour cream tejfel
sttuffed cabbage töltött káposztá

23. leftover maradék

cold cuts hideg felvágottak
to be on a slimming diet fogyókúrázik
at all egyáltalán

24. cream tejszín

fresh meat tőkehús
larder élelmiszertároló, kamra
flour liszt
cooking oil étolaj

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fű sz e re k
s p ic e s
k o n z e rv é te l
tin n e d fo o d

to d o th e c o o k in g fő z n i
25.
th o u g h bár

I a m a f r a id a ttó l ta r to k
2 6 -2 7 .
to p r e p a r e , -d e l k é s z í te n i

b a s ic d is h e s a la p é te l e k

to b e g o o d a t s g jó v m ib e n

to te ll th e t r u t h az ig a z a t m e g v a llv a

v e g e ta b l e s a u c e fő z e lé k

to b a k e , -d s ü tn i

2 8 -2 9 . f a v o u r it e kedvenc

to n e e d , -ed szü k ség e v an

to m ix , -ed összek ever

liq u id f o ly a d é k

fry in g p a n p a la cs in ta s ü tő

to s tu f f , -ed m e g tö lt

p o p p y -s e e d m ák

30. n a p k in s z a lv é ta

d e s s e rt sp oo n k isk a n á l

31. to c e l e b r a t e , -d m egünnepel
o cca sio n a lk a lo m

3 2 -3 3 . to e n te r sg b e lé p n i v h o v á
e m p ty ü res
t o o r d e r t h e d is h e s m e g re n d e li a z é te le k e t
to a s k f o r th e bill k éri a sz á m lá t
tip b o rra v a ló

34. s e lf -s e r v ic e ö n k is z o lg á ló
c u tl e r y ev ő eszk öz
s e rv ie tte s z a lv é ta

35. n o t in th e s a m e (l e a g u e ) s t r e e t n e m le h e t e g y n a p o n e m líte n i
ch o o sy f in n y á s
f a s t id i o u s v á lo g a tó s
a fa r c ry fro m tá v o l á ll v m i t ő l
to h a v e a s w e e t t o o t h é d e s s z á jú
v e g e ta b le s a u c e fő z e lé k
y o u r tu rn t e k ö v e tk e z e l

3 6 -3 7 . c le a r soup c s o n tle v e s
co u rse fo g ás
le n til s o u p le n c s e l e v e s
p o rk c h o p d isz n ó h ú s s z e le t
p o u ltr y s z á rn y a s á lla t
tu n a -f is h to n h a l
g a r n ish k ö re t
m a s h e d p o ta to e s k r u m p l ip ü r é
c h ip h a sáb b u rg o n y a
s p lit p e a sá rg a b o rsó

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French bean zöldbab

marrow tök
spinach spenót
sorrel sóska
cabbage with tomatoes paradicsomos káposzta
stuffed cabbage töltött káposzta
noodles kifőtt tészta
pancake palacsinta
strudel filled with cottage cheese túrós rétes
poppy-seed mák
scone pogácsa
doughnut fánk
38. to take pride in büszke vmire
delicate ízletes
pike-perch fogas, süllő
to abound, -ed bővelkedik
cuisine konyhaművészet
reputation hírnév
luscious ízes, fűszeres
inviting csábító, vonzó
lesser-known kevésbé ismert
fiery red tűzpiros
paprika chicken with sour cream paprikás csirke (tejfölösen)
veal stew borjúpörkölt
hearty tápláló, bőséges
pure delight csupa élvezet
to grind, ground 3 őröl
noodles with roasted paprika potatoes krumplis tészta
scrap darabka
broth zöldséges húsleves
unimaginable elképzelhetetlen

39. open-air szabadtéri

self-service önkiszolgáló

40-43. tray tálca

to be on display ki van rakva
to pick out kiválaszt
to push along tol
rack tartó
cashier pénztáros

44-45. inexpensive olcsó

tip borravaló
pig-in-a-poke zsákbamacska

46-47. flu (influenza) influenza

to have a sore throat fáj a torka
my nose is running folyik az orrom
to cough, -ed köhög
to sneeze, -d tüsszent
to have a pain in one’s chest fáj a mellkasa

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4 8 -4 9 . to see the doctor elmegy az orvoshoz

tongue nyelv
to feel one’s pulse megméri a pulzusát
lungs tüdő
thermometer lázmérő
to diagnose, -d diagnosztizál
to prescribe, -d medicine gyógyszert felír

50. three times a day naponta háromszor

tea with lemon citromos tea
to keep, kept, kept warm melegen tartja magát

51. pill tabletta

nearby közeli
chemist’s gyógyszertár
right away azonnal

52. to recover, -ed felgyógyul

to follow, -ed követni

53. toothache fogfájás

dentist fogorvos
to fill, -ed betömni
aching tooth fájó fog
far gone előrehaladott
to pull out kihúzni

54. common disease gyakori betegség

to suffer from a disease betegségben szenved
a large number of számos
nervous breakdown idegösszeroppanás
cause ok
cancer rák
heart attack szívinfarktus

55. mumps mumpsz

measles kanyaró
scarlet fever skarlát
chicken pox bárányhimlő
whooping cough szamárköhögés
5 6 -5 9 . tonsil / adenoids mandula / orrpolip
stretcher hordágy
local anaesthetics helyi érzéstelenítés
laxative hashajtó
to be operated on for sg vmivel megoperálják
6 0 -6 1 . specialist szakorvos
physician orvos
internal medicine belgyógyászat
operating theatre műtő
gynaecology nőgyógyászat
maternity ward szülészet, szülőszoba
dermatology bőrgyógyászat
nerve specialist ideggyógyász
health resort szanatórium

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physiotherapy fizikoterápiás
intensive care unit intenzív osztály
casualty department baleseti sebészet, ambulancia
accessible elérhető
62-63. X-ray röntgen
to set, set, set összeforr
in plaster gipszben, begipszelve
crutches mankó
64. to collide, -d összeütközik
to bruise one’s skin felhorzsolja a bőrét
internal haemorrhage belső vérzés
serious wound súlyos sérülés, seb
scalding forrázás, perzselés
third-degree burn harmadfokú égés

7. Szabadidő, művelődés, szórakozás

F R E E TIME, ENTERTAINMENT
■ Szabadidős elfoglaltságok, hobbik
FR EE TIME ACTIVITIES, HOBBIES
■ Színház, mozi, koncert, kiállítás stb.
THEATRE, CINEMA, CONCERT, EXHIBITION

■ Sportolás, kedvenc sport, iskolai sport

Sport, favourite sport, sport in the school

■ Olvasás, rádió, TV, videó, számítógép, internet

READING, RADIO, TV, VIDEO, COMPUTER, INTERNET

■ Kulturális események
CULTURAL EVENTS

Q UESTION S
1. W hat are your hobbies?
2. W hat else do you like doing in your spare time?
3. W hat other hobbies could you name?
4. How often do you go to the theatre?
5. How did you enjoy your last visit to the theatre?
6. W hat was the play about?
7. Where did you sit?
8. Where else can you sit?
9. W hat happens when you find your seat?
10. W hat can you do during the intervals?
11. Who is your favourite actor/ actress? Why?
12. W hat kinds of films can you see at the cinema?

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13. W hat sort of films do you like?

14. Do you ever watch TV?
15. W hich are your favourite programmes?
16. Which do you prefer: radio or television?
17. When do you usually listen to the radio?
18. Which programmes do you always listen to? Why?
19. W hat kind of music do you like?
20. W hen did you last go to a concert?
21. Who gave the concert?
22. How did you like the perform ance of the musicians?
23. W hat kind o f concerts do you like going to? Why?
24. Have you got one or two favourite perform ers, groups or orchestras a t the
moment? W ho?
25. Do you do any sports regularly?
26. How m any P .E . lessons do you have a week?
27. W hat facilities does your school have for sports?
28. W h at are the basic winter sports?
29. W hat w ater sports do you know?
30. W h at sports events does athletics include?
31. W h at ball gam es do you know?
32. Do you like football?
33. W h a t sports events do you like watching on TV?
34. Do you ever watch video film s or DVDs?
35. W h at are m o st video films/ DVDs like?
36. Have you got a computer?
37. W h a t do you use it for?
38. Do you use the Internet?
39. W h a t can you use it for?
40. W h at w ebsites do you often visit?
41. Do you use the In tern et for chatting?
42. W hich newspapers do you subscribe to?
43. W h at kind of newspapers are there in Hungary?
44. W h at are your newspaper reading habits?
45. W here can you get books from ?
46. W h at can you do in the reading-room of a library?
47. Do you like reading?
48. W hat kind o f books do you like?
49. W ho is your favourite author? Why?
50. Tell the story of the book you la st read.
51. W hat else can you do in your free tim e if you live in a big town?
52. W h at works o f a rt can you see in m ost m useums?
53. W here can you find com m unity centres in Hungary?

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54. What role do they play in the life of a community?

55. What constitutes their basic activity?
56. What are some of the facilities they offer?
57. What do they regularly organise?

MODEL ANSWERS
1. a) My hobby is collecting stamps and keeping pets. I have a big black dog, two cats and
a budgie.

1. b) My hobby is sewing. I make clothes for myself and the other members of the family
too. I also like embroidery and knitting. I have already knitted several scarves and
some pullovers.

2. a) In my spare time I also like collecting coins. I have got a coin from almost every
country in the world. I also like modelling and taking photos.

2. b) In my spare time I like reading and listening to music. I like both modem and
classical music. My favourite piece of music is... and my favourite band is... . When
the weather is nice I like going on trips. I especially like walking in the mountains.
3. Some people like gardening/ bird watching/ mountain climbing/ travelling/ visiting
friends/ doing cross-word puzzles while others prefer drawing/ painting/ writing
poetry/ playing card games/ catching butterflies or playing some sport.

4. a) I quite often go to the theatre. I have a season ticket and I try to watch all the -
performances.

4. b) I don’t like going to the theatre very much. I prefer films to plays so I either go to the
cinema or watch TV at home.

5. a) When I last went to the theatre I saw an interesting play called... . The story was very
exciting and the acting was perfect. I enjoyed every moment of it.

5. b) When I last went to the theatre I saw a boring play directed by... . It was not at all
enjoyable and I hated every moment of it.

6. The play told us the famous story of ... in three acts. It is the story of a young lady/
old man/ married couple/ two lovers who get into a lot of trouble. In the end
everything is settled and the story has a happy ending.

7 -8 . When I last went to the theatre I sat in the stalls. There are very comfortable seats in
the boxes. Over the boxes is the dress-circle, then the balconies and finally the gallery.

9. When you find your seat you look at the programme booklet. Soon after you hear the
bell the lights go out. Then the curtain rises, the actors appear on the stage and the
play begins.
10. During the interval you can go to the buffet, where you can have a nice drink and talk
about the play.

11. My favourite actor/ actress is... . He/ she does very well in every part and he/ she is
really successful. He/ she stars in many excellent films and is very popular with the
public.

12-13. At the cinema you can see a lot of different kinds of films: mainly western/ adventure
films, thrillers/ horror films, detective stories, science fiction, romantic films, love
stories, cartoons etc. I prefer love stories or films about everyday life to thrillers and
horror stories.

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14. a) I don’t often watch TV on weekdays because I have to work/ study a lot. At the week­
ends, when I have more time, I alwuys watch the programmes that interest me.
14. b) I watch TV regularly. When I come home from school/ work I switch it on and when
there is a programme thut interests me I sit down and watch it.
15. My favourite programmes are serials/ political programmes/ documentaries/ quizes/
newsreels/ feature films/ cartoons/ shows, etc.
16. I usually prefer the TV because it is more enjoyable than the radio. But sometimes it
depends on the programme. When there is a good music programme on the radio I
prefer to listen to it and I don’t switch on the TV then.
17-18. I always listen to the radio in the mornings. I switch it on right after getting up and
listen to the morning news and the weather forecast. I also like listening to music and
the morning programme is full of good pieces of music.
19. I like classical music/ jazz/ pop/ rock etc. music. I love operas/ symphonies/
musicals. My favourite piece of music is... / my favourite band is... .
20-24. a) The other day we went to a concert given by the National Philharmonic Orchestra.
They performed Tchaikovsky’s 5th Symphony with ... as conductor. It was splendid
beyond words. Then a violinist called ... played Kreisler’s concerto to the
accompaniment of the orchestra. He is a talented musician with a fine technique. At
the end of the concert the music lovers in the audience were really delighted. I also
like going to recitals but only if the soloist is a good musician. I try to go to vocal
concerts whenever there is one in our town because 1 myself used to sing in a choir
and I still feel attached to this kind of music. I especially like listening to the mixed
choir of our town.
20-24. b) I don’t often go to concerts, but if I do it is usually a pop concert. I quite like pop
music although I would not call myself a fan. The pop concert I last went to was given
by a well-known Hungarian band. I especially enjoyed the way the bass guitarist
played his instrument. The singer, the oboist and the drummer were great too. I like
pop concerts because they allow you to listen to music, meet lots of other young
people and to have a good time.

25. a) I run quite a lot and I especially like jogging in summer and skiing in winter.
Sometimes I try to do some exercise in the mornings but I don’t have enough time to
do it regularly.

25. b) I am afraid I don’t do any sport regularly. I occasionally go swimming at the nearest
swimming-pool or play a ball game with my friends.
26-27. We have three P.E. lessons a week either in the school gymnasium or in one of the
two sports fields outside the school. One field is for football or handball, the other is
either for volley-ball, basketball or tennis.Around the sports fields there are running
tracks.
28. The basic winter sports are skiing, skating and ice-hokey. In winter children like
snowballing and sledging.
29. The water sports I know are swimming, rowing, sailing, wind-surfing, water-skiing,
water-polo and diving.
30. Athletics includes running, hammer throwing, discus and javelin throwing as well as
high jumping and long jumping.

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31. There are quite a few ball games and most of them are very enjoyable to watch or
play. The ones I like are football, handball, volley-ball, basketball, tennis, table-tennis,
badminton, hockey, ice-hockey, water-polo. The ones I have heard about are cricket,
rugby and golf.

32. a) I love football and I often go to football matches. My favourite team is ... but I am not
always happy with the way they play.

32. b) I hate football and I never go to football matches. I think all the Hungarian teams are
very weak and there is nothing enjoyable about the way they play.

33. I like watching most sports especially ball games and athletics. Whenever there is a
world championship I sit in front of the television and cheer for the Hungarian teams
or sportsmen and sportswomen. In winter I love watching figure-skating, especially
ice dancing.

34-35. a) I quite often watch video films / DVDs and I am a regular customer at the video hire
shop. I enjoy action films the most because they are usually very well done and give
you a lot of excitement. I am also fond of horror films, they are macabre and spine-
chilling, and I think somewhere at the back of their minds everybody longs for
adventure and thrills, or even fear.

34-35. b) I hardly ever watch video films / DVDs and I can tell you I hate them. A great many
of these films are full of psychologically aberrant people for whom human life has not
much value.

36-37. Yes, I have a computer at home and I also use it at school and in Internet cafes. I
often use it for word processing and for E-mails. I correspond with quite a few friends
in different parts of the country and also abroad.
38-39. Yes, I regularly use the Internet for getting information about the things I am
interested in. Nowadays it is very important to know what is happening in the world.
I also use it for downloading good films or music.
40. Often, I just sit in front of the screen and surf the Net for fun. If I want to get
informed about a specific event, I try to find a place to get the relevant information
from. I just type in the key word and then choose from the tips offered by a search
website. Usually, I find more information than I need, some of which is often
unreliable. I think I have found a way to decide what to believe and what not.
41. a) I have been chatting on the Internet for some time and I enjoy it a lot. I can chat with
people from all over the world, I can make friends and learn a lot about the ways
other people live and think, even if sometimes it is not their real identity that they
disclose.
41. b) I haven’t used the Internet for chatting yet. I prefer real friends to virtual ones. I may
try it in the future, though.
42. I subscribe to the local daily, a serious national daily and the Radio and TV Times. I
used to subscribe to a serious weekly as well but I don’t like it any more.
43. Hungary has local and national papers. They are either serious or sensational. Some
political parties also have their own newspapers. There are also several weeklies,
dailies and monthlies. These are different magazines and journals.
44. I always start with the articles on home politics. Then I read the international news
and the arts pages. I sometimes read the advertisements and the gossip column. I
never read the sports news.

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45. You can borrow books from a library or you can buy them in a bookshop.
Unfortunately, books are very expensive nowadays, so it is better to use the library. I
need a lot of books for my work/ at school so I often go to the local library.
46. In the reading-room of a library you can read the books that cannot be borrowed.
These are mainly lexicons, encyclopaedias, dictionaries etc. You may also find
newspapers and magazines in a reading-room, but you cannot borrow them either.
47-48. I love reading and I have a lot of books at home. I like reading fiction; mainly short
stories and poems. /I like reading romances/ crime stories/ science fiction/
biographies/ books on history/ books on nature etc.
49. My favourite author is... . All his novels are very interesting and easy to read. I
usually read his books at a sitting because they are so exciting that I can’t put them
down. I love his style and the way he writes.
50. The book I last read was written by... . It was a romance/ crime story/
autobiography/ tale/ adventure story, etc. It is about a... . We learn about his life and
adventures. One of the most exciting parts is when... . In the end the heroes... .
51-52. If you live in a big town you are a lucky chap from the point of view of entertainment
possibilities. You have a rich choice of museums, exhibitions where you can see
paintings, graphics, water-colours and sculptures. By going to permanent or
temporary exhibitions you can keep up with the latest trends in contemporary visual
arts. If you want to dine out or listen to folk or gypsy music there are several
restaurants, pubs, night clubs which you can choose from.
53-57. Most towns and villages have clubs or community centres which cater for the cultural
requirements of the population. They combine recreation and education and do a lot
to help people to develop their talents. They provide entertainment, all sorts of
facilities for amateur science and art activities, organise concerts, shows, theatrical
performances and lectures on political, scientific and cultural topics. They regularly
organise exhibitions of modern art and make efforts to enable museum visitors of
every age to better understand the items on display. Most cultural centres have their
own amateur art groups, folk ensembles, choirs or even orchestras, who quite often
give public performances or concerts. They run astronomy, photo and sewing circles
as well as separate clubs for teenagers and pensioners

VOCABULARY LIST
1. collecting stamps bélyeggyűjtés
pet kedvenc háziállat
budgie papagáj
to sew, sewed, sewn varrni
to embroider, -ed hímezni
to knit, -ted kötni
2. spare time szabadidő
coin pénzérme
modelling modellezés
taking photos fényképezés
piece of music zenedarab
to go on trips kirándulni járni
especially különösen

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3. bird watching madarak figyelése

mountain climbing hegymászás
cross-word puzzle keresztrejtvény
painting festés
writing poetry versírás
card games kártyajátékok
to catch, caught, caught elkap
butterfly pillangó

4. season ticket bérlet

performance előadás
play színdarab

5. exciting izgalmas
acting a színészek játéka
perfect tökéletes
boring unalmas
to direct, -ed rendezni
enjoyable élvezetes

6. famous híres
in three acts három felvonásban
married couple házaspár
to get into trouble bajba keveredik
in the end végül
to be settled elrendeződik, megoldódik

7-8. stalls zsöllye, földszinti ülés

box-es páholy
dress-circle első emeleti páholy
balcony erkély
gallery karzat

9. programme booklet programfüzet

to go out kialszik
curtain függöny
to rise, rose, risen felmegy
to appear, -ed megjelenik
stage színpad
10. interval szünet
buffet büfé

11. part szerep

successful sikeres
to star, -red főszerepet alakít
excellent kiváló
popular népszerű

12-13. adventure film kalandfilm

thriller rémtörténet
science fiction tudományos-fantasztikus történet
cartoon rajzfilm

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14. to interest, -ed érdekel

regularly rendszeresen
to switch, -ed on bekapcsol

15. serial sorozat

documentary dokumentumfilm
quiz rejtvényműsor
newsreel filmhíradó
feature film játékfilm, főfilm

16. to depend, -ed on sg függ vmitől

programme műsor

right after sg közvetlenül vmi után

17-18.
morning news reggeli krónika
weather forecast időjárás-jelentés
piece of music zenedarab, szám

19. to subscribe to a newspaper újságot járat

local daily helyi napilap
serious paper komoly lap
national országos
Radio and TV Times Rádió és TV újság
weekly hetilap
not any more már nem

20-24. bass guitarist basszusgitáros

(musical) instrument hangszer
oboist oboás
drummer dobos
performer előadó

25. jogging kocogás

skiing síelés
to do some exercise egy kicsit tornázik
regularly rendszeresen
occasionally időnként
swimming-pool uszoda

26-27. P.E. (physical education) testnevelés

gymnasium tornaterem
sports field sportpálya
volley-ball röplabda
running tracks futópálya

28. basic alapvető

skating korcsolyázás
to snowball, -ed hógolyózni
to sledge, -d szánkózni

29. rowing evezés

sailing vitorlázás
water-polo vízilabda
diving műugrás, búvárkodás
30. athletics atlétika
hammer throwing kalapácsvetés

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javelin
gerely
high jumping
magasugrás
long jumping
távolugrás
31. badminton
tollaslabda
hockey
gyeplabda
32. team
csapat
enjoyable élvezetes
33. especially
különösen
world championship világbajnokság
to cheer for a team drukkol egy csapatnak
sportsman/ sportswoman sportoló/ sportolónő
figure-skating műkorcsolyázás
ice dancing jégtánc
34-35. to hire, -d bérel
macabre/ spine-chilling hátborzongató
to long, -ed for vágyik vmire
to fill in a gap űrt betölt
aberrant normálistól eltérő
human life emberi élet
36-37. E-mail (Electronic mail) elektromos úton közvetített levél
to correspond, -ed levelez
abroad külföld, külföldön
38-39. nowadays mostanában
to download, -ed letölt
40. screen képernyő
for fun szórakozásból
to get informed informálódik
specific egyedi, sajátos
event esemény
relevant odaillő, passzoló, releváns
key word kulcsszó
tip ötlet, tipp
to search, -ed keresni
unreliable megbízhatatlan
to decide, -d eldönt

41. to chat, -ted társalog, cseveg

identity egyéniség
to disclose, -d felfed
virtual friends virtuális barátok
though bár, ámbár

42. to subscribe to a newspaper újságot járat

local daily helyi napilap
serious paper komoly lap
national országos
Radio and TV Times Rádió és TV újság
weekly hetilap
not any more már nem

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43. sensational paper bulvárlap

party párt
monthly havi lap
journal folyóirat
44. home politics belpolitika
international news nemzetközi hírek
arts művészetek
advertisement hirdetés
gossip column pletykarovat
sports news sporthírek
45. to borrow, -ed kölcsönvesz
library könyvtár
local helyi
46. reading-room olvasóterem
encyclopaedia enciklopédia
dictionary szótár

4 7 -48. fiction szépirodalom

short story novella
poem vers
biography életrajz
book on history történelmi könyv
nature természet

49. novel regény

easy to read könnyen olvasható
at a sitting egyszerre
style stílus

50. autobiography önéletrajz

tale mese
adventure kaland
to learn about sg megtud, megismer
in the end végül
hero-es hős, hősök

5 1 -5 2 . graphic grafika
water-colour vízfesték, akvarell
sculpture szobor
permanent / temporay exhibition állandó / időszakos kiállítás
trend irányzat
contemporary kortárs
gypsy music cigányzene

5 3 -5 7 . community centre művelődési ház

to cater for ellát, gondoskodik vmiről
recreation felüdülés
item on display / exhibit kiállított tárgy
folk ensemble népi együttes
circle szakkör

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TRAVELLING, TOURISM

8 . U ta z á s , tu rizm u s

TRAVELLING, TOURISM
■ A közlekedés eszközei, lehetőségei, a tömegközlekedés
MEANS OF TRANSPORT, FACILITIES, PUBLIC TRANSPORT
■ Nyaralás itthon, illetve külföldön
SUMMER HOLIDAYS IN HUNGARY AND ABROAD
■ Utazási előkészületek, egy utazás megtervezése, megszervezése
PREPARATIONS FOR A JOURNEY, PLANNING AND ORGANISING A JOURNEY
■ Az egyéni és a társas utazás előnyei és hátrányai
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INDIVIDUAL AND PACKAGE
TOURS

QUESTIONS
1. How did you come to school today?
2 . How long did it take you to get here?
3. What kinds of vehicles are used in city transport?
4. How do you use the bus/ tram/ trolley bus in Budapest?
5. How do you use the underground?
6 . How do you get to work/ school every day?
7. How do you like to travel? Why?
8 . When did you last travel by train?
9. Where do you like to sit?
10. Where did you buy the tickets?
11. W hat did you do afterwards?
12. W hat goes on at a railway station?
13. What kind of trains can you travel on in Hungary?
14. Have you ever flown?
15. Did you enjoy flying?
16. What do passengers have to do before boarding the plane?
17. Where do you like to go on holiday?
18. How do you prepare for a journey?
19. W hat things do you pack before leaving?
20. W hat documents do you need if you go abroad?
21. What are you asked to do at the customs?
22. Where can foreigners stay when they are in Hungary?
23. What kind of rooms are there in a hotel?
24. How can you book a room in a hotel?
25. How do you check in?
26. What is the difference between a package tour and independent travel?
27. Which one do you prefer? Why?

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M O D EL A N SW ER S
1. a ) I cam e to school by bus/ coach/ train/ car. I went to the bus stop and got on a
num ber ten bus. I w ent two stops on the bus and I changed fo r bus number thirteen.
I got off at the third stop. Then I turned right and went straight on for about a
hundred m etres.

1. b ) My father drove me here in his car. W e got up quite early in the morning and left
home a t about seven. There was not much traffic on the roads but still my father was
driving very carefully. W hen we got into the town we drove down the main road and
a t the traffic lights we turned right.

2. As I don’t live far from here it didn’t take me more than half an hour to get here. /As
I live quite a long way from here it took me more than two hours to get here by car.

3. In big cities there are several vehicles used in public tran sp ort such as buses, trams,
trolley buses, suburban trains and the underground.

4. You use all these vehicles in the same way. I f you do n o t have a season ticket, you
buy a ticket first and when you get on the bus/ trolley bus or tram you punch it. You
have to keep your ticket while travelling, as inspectors may come and ask you for it.

5. I buy a tick et and put it into a machine at the gates. I go through the gates and go
down to the platform s on an escalator. W hen the train com es, the doors open and I
get on. W hen I get to my destination I get off, go up on the escalator and leave the
station.
6. I go to school/ work on foot every day. Fortunately, I don’t live fa r from the school/
where I work. I also think th a t it is healthier to walk than take a bus. I come out of
the house, turn right into a narrow street, go along th a t street and a t the next
crossroads I turn left. I go as far as the park, cross the park and the school/ my office
is right next to the park. Som etim es when I am in a hurry I take a bus. The bus-stop
is outside our house. I get on the bus, take it two stops and it sets me down at the
school/ a t my office.

7. a ) I like to travel by car, because I think it is the fastest and m ost com fortable form of
transport, I don't like travelling by train because the carriages are usually crowded
and noisy.

7. b) I like to travel by train/ coach, especially when I travel on business. Rail/ coach travel
in Hungary is not very expensive and the trains/ coaches are usually punctual. There
are also cheap fares offered to students and pensioners.

8 -9 . a ) I quite often travel by train, so it was not long ago th at I last took a train. When I
travel by train I like to sit facing the engine and never with my back to the engine.

8 - 9 . b) It is a long time since I last travelled by train. I don’t often take a train but when I do
I like to sit in a non-smoking compartment.

1 0 -1 1 . I bought the tickets at the booking-office at the railway station. A fter that I went to
the right platform and waited for the train to come. Then I got on the train and found
a seat by the window in a second-class com partment. W hen the inspector came I
showed him my ticket.

12. There are usually a lot of people a t a railway station. M ost of them are waiting for
their trains to come. They are either standing on the platform s or sitting in the
waiting-rooms reading newspapers. Others are queuing up at the ticket-offices or at
the ticket m achines.

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13. In Hungary you have the choice of the following kinds of trains: express trains, fast
and slow passenger trains. Express trains are usually through trains while slow
passenger trains stop at every single station.

1 4 -15. a ) I have never flown because I am afraid of flying. I also think that air fares are very
expensive so I go by train or coach instead.

1 4 -15. b) I have flown several times. I think it is a very comfortable and fast way of travelling.
I really enjoy flying especially when I sit next to the window. I love looking at the
clouds or the beautiful scenery underneath.

16. Before boarding the plane, the passengers must check in. Their luggage is weighed
and they get a boarding card. Then they go to the departure lounge, where they have
to wait for some time. W hen their flight is announced they go to the right gate and
get into the plane.

17. a ) I like to go abroad for my holiday. W hen I am on holiday I like to see as many new
things as possible. I enjoy walking around busy towns, going on sightseeing tours and
m eeting as many people as possible. I like going out in the evenings and having a lot
of fun.

17. b) I like to go to nice, quiet places for my holiday. I love spending my holiday in the
country or on a quiet seaside beach. I enjoy lying in the sun all day or taking long
walks along the sea-shore.

18. F irst of all I go to a travel agency and ask them what they can offer. Then I choose
the tour or place that I like and start thinking about what things I will need for the
journey. If I decide to go abroad I have to get all the necessary documents. If I decide
to go on an individual tour I have to arrange the accommodation for myself.

19. Before travelling you have to pack some of your clothes, your toilet goods such as
your toothbrush, comb, razor and perfumery. It is good to take a camera with you as
well.

20. If you want to travel abroad you need a passport and some foreign currency. There
are some countries for which you also need a visa.

21. At the customs you are asked to show your passport and you may also be asked to
show your luggage to the customs officials. If you have something to declare you are
asked to fill in a form and pay some duty on the goods that are not duty-free.

22. Foreigners in Hungary can stay in camping-sites, motels and different kinds of hotel.
In summer they can also stay in guest houses because there are a lot of people who
let their houses to foreigners at that time of the year.

23. In a hotel they can usually offer you a choice of single rooms, double rooms, rooms
with three or more beds, rooms with showers or with baths. If you are in a seaside
hotel some rooms overlook the sea, other rooms may overlook the main road. A room
with a view is always more expensive.

24. You can book a room on the phone or you can write a letter of reservation. W hen you
are booking a room you always agree on the type of the room you want, the price and
the number of nights you are going to spend there.

25. When you arrive at the hotel you check in. You fill in the registration form writing
down your personal particulars, the room number and the number of nights you want
to spend at the hotel. The reception clerk will then give you the key and will show you
up to your room.

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26. In a package tour you travel with others and follow a prearranged itinerary covering
all the famous spots and landmarks. You pay a single, all-inclusive price that covers
everything such as transportation, meals, accommodation, sightseeing tours and
guides. With independent travel you pay as you go and during the journey you can
change your mind if you want to. But you can still find a travel agent and ask him to
work out the details of any itinerary you suggest. He can also give you cost estimates
and secure reservation for you.
27. a) You may call me romantic-minded, but I prefer individual travel to group travel. If
you go on a package tour, you have to be adaptable, you have no time to look at
everything you are interested in properly and the worst thing is when you have a bad
guide. He can spoil all your holiday. Besides, the only thing that travellers seem to be
interested in today is shopping. Whereas on an individual tour I am my own master,
depend on nobody and can always do what I like.

27. b) I definitely prefer package tours to individual ones because you have far less
preparation to make before a package tour. Everything is arranged for you by the
travel agency from the necessary documents to hotel reservations. It doesn’t seem to
be very romantic to me to arrive in a strange town at night with no idea where to go
or stop for the night and not a taxi in sight. This may well happen to you if you travel
alone. Sometimes you have to walk with a heavy rucksack on your back looking for a
proper place to stay for the night. This is not my idea of an ideal holiday.

VOCABULARY LIST
1. coach távolsági autóbusz
to change for átszáll
to get, got, got on felszáll
to get off leszáll
to go straight on megy egyenesen előre
to leave, left, left home eljön otthonról
main road főutca
traffic lights forgalomirányító lámpa
2. as mivel
a long way messze
3. vehicle jármű
public transport tömegközlekedés
tram villamos
suburban train hév
underground földalatti
4. season ticket bérlet
to punch, -ed kilyukaszt
inspector ellenőr
5. gate kapu (itt: metróban)
platform vágány
escalator mozgólépcső
destination célállomás
6. on foot gyalog
to turn into a street befordul egy utcába
narrow keskeny
to go along végigmegy
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crossroads kereszteződés
as far as the park a parkig
to cross, -ed átmegy, átszel
outside előtt, kívül
to put down/ to set down, put, put itt: letesz
7. way of transport közlekedési mód
carriage vasúti kocsi
crowded zsúfolt
noisy zajos
to travel on business üzleti ügyben utazik
rail travel vasúton történő utazás
punctual pontos
cheap fare olcsó menetjegy
pensioner nyugdíjas
8 -9 . facing the engine menetiránnyal szemben
back to the engine menetiránynak háttal
non-smoking nem dohányzó
compartment fülke
10-11. booking-office jegyiroda
seat by the window ablak melletti ülés
second-class compartment másodosztályú fülke
12. waiting-room váróterem
to queue, -d up sorba áll
ticket machine jegyautomata

13. choice választék

passenger train személyvonat
through train közvetlen vonat
every single station minden egyes állomás

14-15. to be afraid of sg fél vmitől

air fare repülőjegy
instead helyett
several times többször
scenery táj
underneath alatt, alul

16. to board a plane felszáll a gépre

to check, -ed in bejelentkezik
to weigh, -ed megmér
boarding card beszállókártya
departure lounge tranzitváróterem
flight járat
to announce, -d bejelent

17. as many as possible a lehető legtöbb

busy forgalmas
sightseeing tour városnéző kirándulás
to have fun jól szórakozik
in the country vidéken
beach strand

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to lie in the sun napozni

sea-shore tengerpart
18. first of all mindenekelőtt
travel agency utazási iroda
to offer, -ed ajánl
to choose, chose, chosen kiválaszt
necessary documents szükséges dokumentumok
individual tour egyéni kirándulás
to arrange, -d elrendez
accommodation szállás
19. to pack, -ed csomagolni
toilet goods pipereszerek
toothbrush fogkefe
comb fésű
razor borotva
perfumery illatszerek
camera fényképezőgép
20. foreign currency valuta
visa vízum
21. customs vámvizsgálat
customs official vámtiszt
to declare, -d vámkezelésre bejelent
to fill, -ed in kitölt
duty vám
duty-free vámmentes
22. camping-site camping
guest house vendégház
to let, let, let kiad
23. single room egyágyas szoba
double room kétágyas szoba
shower zuhany
bath fürdő(kád)
to overlook, -ed néz vmire
room with a view szoba szép kilátással
24. to book, -ed a room szobát lefoglal
reservation foglalás
to agree, -d on megegyezik vmiben
price ár
25. to check, -ed in bejelentkezik
registration form bejelentkező lap
personal particulars személyi adatok
reception clerk fogadóportás
to show, showed, shown up felvezet
26. prearranged előre elrendezett
itinerary útvonal
landmark ismertetőjel, nevezetesség
all-inclusive mindent magában foglaló

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guide idegenvezető
independent travel önálló utazás
cost estimate költségbecslés
to secure, -d biztosít
reservation foglalás
27. adaptable alkalmazkodóképes
to spoil, -ed, or: spoilt, spoilt tönkretesz
to be one’s own master a maga ura
preparation készülődés
rucksack hátizsák

9 . T u d o m á n y és te ch n ik a

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

* Népszerű tudományok, ismeretterjesztés
POPULAR SCIENCES, DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE
■ A technikai eszközök szerepe a mindennapi életben
THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL DEVICES IN EVERYDAY LIFE

QUESTIONS
1. What science subjects do you take at school?
2. W hat is your favourite science subject?
3. Besides school how do you get information about sciences?
4. Do you subscribe to any scientific magazines?
5. Do you watch scientific documentaries or other programmes?
6. In what areas of life do you need modern technology?
7. What household gadgets do you have at home?
8. How do you think our home will change in a century?
9. What future appliances will make our lives easier?
10. Do you think robots will replace humans?
11. Can you imagine that you won’t have to go to school because you will be taught
via the Internet?
12. Will we rely on artificial intelligence in the future?
13. Can you imagine living in a world without electrical gadgets?
14. What role do electrical gadgets play in sports?
15. Is technology important for travelling?
16. What are some everyday objects that your grandparents did not have?
17. How important is your mobile phone for you?
18. Do you have a PC at home?
19. Are you e-literate?
20. How have computers changed our lives?
21. What is virtual reality?

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22. Do you consider flying a great scientific achievement?

23. Do you think we will be able to travel in space in the future?
24. Is there life outside our planet?
25. What do you consider the greatest scientific achievement of all times? Why?
26. Why is it that a lot of scientists leave Hungary to carry out research in a foreign
country?

MODEL ANSW ERS

1. We have Biology, Chemistry, Geography, Physics, Computer Science and Maths at
school. I think they are very important for us if we want to survive on our planet in
the future. It is essential to learn about the basics of science subjects, because you
never know what use they will have in your life later on. Some of my classmates
always complain that these subjects are very useless, but I disagree with them
because life has its little surprises, which may prove that taking these subjects in
secondary school is, in fact, very useful.

2. a) I like Biology very much. I remember the time I first had this subject in primary
school. I had a very good teacher who made almost everybody in class interested in
Biology, I remember that we started with different plants, fruits and vegetables in
fifth grade and we collected a lot of flowers and leaves during the first semester. We
did not even realise that we were learning because we did all that barely using our
books. It was the same with animals later. Our teacher took us to the local zoo and we
studied all the animals very carefully, paying special attention to their habitats and
ways of living. And, of course, there are the humans. Who is not interested in the
human body at the age of fourteen? There was not a single person in class who did
not gasp when we were shown a human skeleton, films about reproduction and
diseases. Then in secondary school I became very much interested in Genealogy and
how we inherit the characteristics of our parents and grandparents.

2. b) Chemistry has always been my favourite. I have decided that I want to study this
subject at university, too. My classmates always argue that it is no fun studying about
things you cannot really see and you only learn formulas of. Still, I think it can be
exciting to carry out experiments with different gases, solids or liquids. I think
chemistry is the subject that really makes you think. I really adore scientists who can
come up with new theories or find new elements. I can imagine myself working in a
laboratory in the future.

2. c) When I was very little, my parents bought me a puzzle with the map of the world on
it and since then I have been very interested in Geography. I always look at maps, try
to locate places and find mountains, rivers and other geographical features. I have
always wanted to visit a lot of places that I have learnt about. So far I have climbed
all the high mountains of Hungary, and I am planning to go mountaineering in the
Alps next summer. I started collecting stones from the places I visit, and I have
become interested in Geology and how our planet was created. I know that in some
countries, for example the United States, Geography is not taught, but I think it is
vital to know about the world we live in.

2. d) Physics is my favourite science subject. Ever since we studied about famous

Hungarian physicists, I have wanted to become one and I have been dreaming of
discovering something that will contribute to this science. I am especially attracted to
Astronomy, which we started studying this year. Now I am collecting money to buy a
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

telescope to examine the universe and find new stars, black holes and comets. Maybe
one day I will be a famous astronomer.

2. e) I love Computer Sciences. If I could, I would sit in' front of my computer all day long.
In our world nowadays, one cannot live without computers. I personally use it for
writing programmes, e-mailing, chatting with my friends and finding information for
my homework assignments. You can find anything you want on the net. If you have
access to the Internet at home, the whole world opens up for you. You can find
friends from all over the globe. You can practise languages with native speakers and
read newspapers in basically any language. It is also possible to download music,
films and pictures.

2. f) I have always enjoyed Maths classes at school. When I was in nursery school, I could
already recognise the numbers up to a hundred and I could count. Wherever I went, I
tried to spot numbers, for example at sports games, bus and house numbers. So when
I started primary school, calculus became my favourite subject. However, I also enjoy
geometry now. It is interesting to calculate the area of triangles, circles, squares and
other different shapes.

2. g) I am not interested in sciences. I favour History and Literature. I just can’t wait to go
to university where I won’t have to deal with Physics or Chemistry any more.

3. a) I watch a lot of television and always switch to the channel which has documentaries
on about the life of animals, or plants. I find such programmes very relaxing since
they do not contain human violence. My parents always buy National Geographic,
which I also read. It is a very good monthly magazine that I can recommend to
anybody interested in sciences.

3. b) As an extracurricular activity I am the member of a science club. We meet every

week and discuss the latest developments in Physics and Chemistry. We are involved
in international projects with other schools from all over Europe. We are trying to
come up with innovations and patents. We have a very good teacher, who helps us
with the research. He does not do the work instead of us but shows us the way.

4. a) My family subscribes to computer magazines and National Geographic. I am really

interested in computer technology and computer games. I read every page of the
magazines that we have. We sometimes get gifts like DVDs or CDs in the package, so
it is really worth having the subscription. As for the National Geographic, I was very
happy when the Hungarian edition first came out. Although I speak English, the
English version of the magazine was hard to come by; moreover, it is very expensive.
In this magazine, you can find exciting articles about animals living in remote places,
usually on the verge of extinction. National Geographic tries to draw our attention to
environmental problems, too. Unfortunately, most people are unconcerned about the
environment. Not only everyday people are uninterested, but politicians are, too. They
do not listen to scientists who are trying to warn them about the dangers threatening
our planet.

4- b) I don’t subscribe to any magazines or newspapers, but when I see an attractive cover
at the newsagent’s, I always buy the edition.

5. a ) I watch a lot of science programmes. We have a satellite dish at home, so we get a lot
of channels. It is also very good that these channels are in English so I can practise
the language. There are several different topics discussed on these channels, for
example, the fight of animals, the development of plants, the mysteries of the
universe and the life of famous scientists who have contributed a lot to the field of
sciences. I think that science programmes are more valuable than soap operas or

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violent movies. They are about the world we live in and there are so many things in
the world that we don't know anything about.
5. b) I usually download movies about nature from the Internet. There are so many good
websites and encyclopaedias that you can browse through in search of scientific films
or pictures. You can find films about space research, for example, the ring of Saturn
or the landings on Mars. There are updated researches about migrating birds, the
breeding of whales and the life of a polar bear family in Canada. If you are interested
in Chemistry, you can find out how to mix different elements or molecules as a part
of an experiment. The bad thing is that anybody can learn to make a bomb from these
websites.
6. a) Modern technology is indispensable in our everyday life. Wherever I go, whatever I
look at has some connection to technology. We don’t even think of the different
things that depend on technology. The electrical appliances at home, our cars,
communication devices and even small everyday objects are related to high-tech. If we
just take a normal day as an example, the morning starts with the alarm clock going
off. Then you might wash your teeth with an electric toothbrush and shave with an
electric razor. You use a toaster to make breakfast and heat your tea in the
microwave oven. As you leave home, you switch on the alarms and start your car. On
the way to work, you listen to a CD in the car or travel by bus, which also has an
onboard computer. Then the rest of your day is the same. We take modern
technology for granted and cannot imagine our life without it.
6. b) Modern technology is important in all walks of life. I believe the most important area
is medical care. It would be unimaginable for doctors to work without modern
equipment. An operating theatre needs the most modern apparatus. Our lives depend
on such equipment.
7. Our kitchen is full of gadgets. We have a dishwasher, a microwave oven, an electric
oven, a percolator, a food processor and, of course, a fridge. And that is just the
kitchen. In the living room there is a TV, a stereo, a DVD player and a VCR. I have a
notebook in my bedroom, which I can take wherever I go, so it makes my life very
comfortable. We also have a vacuum cleaner, a washing machine, a hair-dryer and
other smaller objects.
8. a) I expect big changes to come in the next fifty years. I believe that people will become
more comfortable as they will rely more on technological developments and modem
equipment. I can imagine living in a house, which will be heated by remote control an
hour before I arrive home. The gates and the doors will be automatic, and there will
be retina or touch control devices, which will be able to detect whether the owner
arrives, or somebody else. I think that people will be in constant contact with their
friends using phone programmes from the Internet, which are already available now.
8. b) I have seen examples of modern technology in several films and I believe that most of
the fantasies will come true. I can imagine a society, where there will be no need for
human resources and only robots and machines will carry out the tasks. I don’t know
whether it will be good or bad, but certainly that is the way to the future.
8. c) I am scared to realise that our world is speeding and heading in the wrong direction.
Where will we end up if we continue relying on technology only? People will lose their
friends, there will be no real communities and man will also turn into machines. I
hope that we will realise that we should return to nature and enjoy the good things of
life.

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9. a) I believe that in the future the most important change will be in the kitchen. People
won’t need to cook their food, as it will be done mostly by robots that will prepare
everything for us and instead of us. I have already heard of a device, which is able to
detect the expiration date of food in the fridge. I can also imagine televisions that will
not need a remote control but they will be switched on and off by voice. The channels
will also be changed this way.

9. b) It is very hard to think of what might come in the future. My imagination is endless
and I would be able to talk about artificial intelligence and robots taking over
mankind, but I don’t think that this will become reality. Who would have thought
about an automatic washing machine or a fast car let alone mobile phones or the
Internet 50 years ago? Our grandparents still struggle with the new inventions and it
is hard for them to find their place in this world. W ill we have to face similar
problems in the future? Maybe so.

10. a) I am convinced that in the near future robots and machines will be able to do most of
the things that humans do nowadays. Actually, this has already started as a lot of
factories employ fewer people because modern technology has made it possible for
computers and machines do what was done by humans half a century ago.

10. b) I don’t think that robots will replace humans in the future. It is all right that robots
are capable of doing most of the things we do now, but robots will never have
feelings. Moreover, robots will not be able to come up with new ideas, as thinking will
certainly be the privilege of man. And the most important thing is that you will also
need a person to construct a robot, and that person will have the power to switch the
robot off any time.

11. a) I would love to live in a world in which students could study from home. Yes, I can
imagine that it will happen. You will just sit in front of your computer and the
teacher and your classmates will do the same and the teacher wall instruct you about
what to do. I think that in the future, the emphasis of education will shift to making
the students capable of finding information with the help of the Internet. I have heard
that distance teaching is available in some countries like Australia, because people
live far from each other. It is said to be a rather successful way of teaching, so why
wouldn’t Internet learning succeed as well? Another great advantage would be that
there would be no need for so many teachers because one teacher could teach
hundreds of kids.

11. b) I think it would be a nightmare to live in a world where you would just stare at your
screen all morning and listen to a teacher you have never met in your life. I can't
imagine not going to school in the morning. I would really miss the chance to meet
my friends. I actually enjoy going to school, because that gives me the opportunity to
make new friends. I don’t believe in friendships that are made in chat rooms. I need
to see, feel and smell the person I consider my friend.

12. a) As far as I know, artificial intelligence has always attracted scientists, but they have
not come up with any robot that can work the same way as a human mind. I doubt
that artificial intelligence will become a reality in the near future. There are so many
things that are still unknown about the functioning of our brains. How will we teach
robots to think the way we do, if we don’t know how our brains works?

12. b) I find artificial intelligence very intriguing. I don’t know if it would do us any good to
teach machines to think, but certainly it would be a giant step in high-tech
development. However, I am averse to this idea, because I don’t want a machine to
tell me what to do.

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13. a ) I can surely imagine not having any electrical gadgets around. I can even picture
myself in a world with no cars, no electricity or any o f the inventions of the past two
centuries. Life would he much slower, but there would be less stress, too. W e would
have more time for our families and friends, and we would not neglect them just
because there is a good film on TV.

13. b Now that I am used to having modern technology as part of my life, it would be very
hard to live without it. I like the comfort, which I have by possessing a mobile phone,
a car. a TV or even a pendrive nowadays. I am sure I would not be lost without these
but certainly my life would drastically change. I know there are some people who have
become addicted to such objects, but I am not one of them.

14. Whatever sport you pursue, you need some electrical gadgets. I know that in most
sports there are only timing devices, which are indispensable, but other types of
modern technology are not allowed. However, in some sports like ice hockey, video
cameras play an important role in determining whether a goal is scored or not.
Otherwise, if you ju st want to play for tun, there is no need for any device.

15. Yes, it is. No m atter how you want to travel, you have to use a means of
transportation. Almost every vehicle now has a small onboard computer installed.
Moreover, there are really modern devices nowadays to make the life of a traveller
more comfortable and easier. Some time ago a compass was a great invention, but
now we have the GPS, which makes it almost impossible to get lost wherever you are.
Not only land, but space, sea and air transportation is a lot easier with the help of
this navigation system. I think the big concern about transportation nowadays is how
vehicles will operate in a hundred years, because we will certainly run out of oil by
then. I know that there are alternative technologies now, but they are either
expensive or not widespread.

16. When my grandparents were my age, they lacked most of the things th at we take for
granted nowadays. They did not have a washing machine, so thej7 had to do the
washing by hand. I remember I was very surprised when my grandparents told me
that they had not had a fridge. Now I just can’t imagine living without one. It has
become a habit of mine that when I arrive home, my first stop is in front of the
fridge. I always check what is in it. Not only do people have a fridge now, but they
also have a freezer where they can freeze their food. Such a thing was totally unheard
of fifty years ago. As for entertainment, we turn on the television or our computer if
we want to have some fun. In my grandparents’ time having a radio counted as
luxury. And the list is endless. Most of the things that require electricity did not exist
in their time. If everything changes at the same pace, we will be as surprised in fifty
years as our grandparents are now.

17. I cannot live without my mobile phone. I take it everywhere with me including the
bathroom. It is good that I can be reached any time. Of course, when I am at school I
mustn’t switch it on, but I wouldn’t make a call during the lessons anyway. There are
so many interesting things you can do with a mobile phone. Besides the original
function of making a phone call, you can send short messages, and even pictures to
your friends. There are games on the phone, too, so I ju st can’t get bored. My mobile
phone even has Internet access, however, the speed of the connection is not
satisfactory. Still. I can always check what’s on at the cinema, the result of my
favourite football team’s match and the weather forecast. A lot of people say that a
cell phone damages your brain, but I have a headset, which I use all the time.

18. a ) I don’t have a personal computer at home. I would like to have one but I don’t have
enough money yet. However. I use a computer at school, so I don’t feel that I am

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lagging behind my classmates and friends. Nowadays, it is very important to own a

PC, but most people cannot afford to have one. I think the government should
encourage people more efficiently to buy computers than it does now.

18. b) I got my personal computer for my birthday. I quickly became a fan, but I have not
become an addict. Well, to tell the truth, it is because my parents are very strict
about how much time I spend in front of the screen. I would like to spend more, but I
need to study and do some other activities. Every day I find new and interesting
things on the worldwide web. I can chat with my new friend from Asia or I can play
games with people from all over the world.

19. a) I consider myself an e-literate person, as I know how to use the Internet. In our
modern world, I think, everybody should be aware of the changes in technology and
should follow the new trends, otherwise you will suffer from a big disadvantage in
every area. It is not enough to know how to send an e-mail, it is also important to
know how to browse the net sensibly. You should be able to distinguish real
information from fake. The Internet can be a very useful tool if it is in the hands of a
person who knows how to use it.

19. b) I know how to write and send e-mails, but that’s all. I don’t really feel the need to use
the Internet for any other purposes. I think it is ju st a waste of time to sit in front of
a computer, and it also ruins your eyesight. There are so many good things you can
do. You can do sports, be with your loved ones, go hiking or just sit down on the sofa
and enjoy a good talk with the person you love. It is not as unnatural as chatting with
people who might give you false identities. I have heard of a couple who sat down in
their study to chat on the net, and finally they ended up chatting with each other
under aliases, and both using first names of the opposite sex. Does that lead to
anything good? I don’t think so.

20. a) I think computers have changed our lives in several ways. They have made people
become less interested in real things. They prefer living in a virtual reality, which is
sometimes far from the truth. It seems to me that people are afraid of revealing then-
real selves and always want to be someone else, which can be done with the help of
the Internet. I don’t really like these changes, because this way we will lose our
identities and will be indifferent to others.

20. b) I think the greatest invention of our times was the invention of computers. Now we
use computers everywhere. We rely on them so much that it is hard to imagine life
without a PC. Obviously, it has made our lives more comfortable, because a lot of
things have become more easily accessible this way. A few decades ago people
struggled to produce readable handwriting, but now the struggle is about typing. It is
true, however, that comforts have brought about laziness and carelessness, too. Now,
for example, we don’t have to pay attention to spelling correctly because the spell
check program on the computer is able to correct the mistakes you make.

20. c) My life took a 180-degree turn after I received my first computer. Before that I had
had lots of friends. As I first sat down at my computer, I realised that it is more
interesting than going out with my friends, so after a while I didn’t attend parties and
refused to take calls. I liked my new “toy” so much that I also neglected myself. I
forgot to eat regularly. I was just glued to the screen. And the result? Well. Now, I
have no one to turn to. If I have a problem, I cannot find a shoulder to cry on. My
“new friend” cannot help me. And nor can my distant friends who live in another part
of the globe. The lesson I have learnt from this experience is that you should find a
balance between your PC and your friends. If you can’t, you will be the loneliest
person in the world.

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21. Virtual reality, nomen est omen, is anything but reality. It is a simulation that
enables the user to be in a situation he/she is not in. For example, I once tried a
game of virtual reality with my friends. We received some special equipment and
were divided in teams, and then we were supposed to fight each other. I really felt as
if I were part of that world. In fact, it frightened me, too. I am afraid that in the
future, children, used to such games, will not be able to tell real from unreal. Still, in
recent years, virtual reality devices have improved dramatically due to several new
advances in technology. Now computers have a larger capacity and memory, so more
information can be stored in them. As far as I know it has some good applications as
well. For example, surgeons can use it to teach and practise operations. Moreover,
architects can design anything and take their clients on a virtual tour to show what
the future construction would look like.
22. I believe that flying has changed our history and mankind. I think that the history of
the world can be divided into two periods: one before the first flight took place, and
one after. The invention of planes revolutionised a lot of things. It made it possible
for us to reach remote places, so distances have basically disappeared. Travelling has
become an enjoyable pastime activity. With the help of planes, transportation of
goods is also faster. However, flying has also brought about big changes in warfare. It
is widely used for military purposes such as bombing or spying on another country.
For us, flying had been a luxury until the first low-cost airlines appeared in Hungary.
In some other countries, people commute by aeroplane the way we travel by coach or
train.
23. a) I believe that space travel will be part of people’s everyday lives in the future.
Although, there is a need for safer spaceships and shuttles, because there are so
many problems and tragedies nowadays, due to technical problems. I don’t think that
travelling in space for fun will come very soon, but it will certainly be available in
about a hundred years.
23. b) I don’t think that an average citizen will ever be able to travel in space. Although
there have been some people recently who had the chance to be space tourists, but
you have to be a billionaire to do that.

24. a) I think that there must be life somewhere else in the universe because it is so huge
that we can’t even comprehend its size. I find it unimaginable that we are the only
ones in this enormous space. Obviously, we should not imagine that life is the same
as on Earth. There are probably different forms of life on other planets somewhere in
the distance.

24. b) Being a fan of science-fiction books and movies, I believe in aliens. I have imagined so
many times what I would do if I saw one. I would be a little scared but I would try to
make contact. I also believe in UFOs. Though I have never seen one, there are
thousands of people who claim to have seen and met them, and why would they lie?

24. c) I don’t think there is life on other planets. All the movies and books about aliens are
just a matter of some people’s imagination. People make up stories about encounters
with aliens just to entertain others and make them believe that we are not alone in
the universe. I think we are here on Earth by mistake.

25. a) There are so many scientific discoveries to choose from. I think the discovery of
vitamin C by Albert Szent-Györgyi was an outstanding one. The scientist managed to
get this new vitamin from paprika. As far as I know, vitamin C plays a major role in
the formation of bones and teeth. If you don’t have enough, you could lose your teeth.
It is also said that large doses of this vitamin can prevent flu and colds.

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25. b) I am very much interested in biology and I consider Charles Darwin’s evolutionary
theory the most important theory. He writes about the development of life through
natural selection. His theory serves as the basis of modern thought, though I know
that a lot of people, especially religious one, doubt what Darwin laid down.

25. c) Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the telephone was a milestone in

communication. With the help of his new invention, distances between people
disappeared. It is possible to reach anybody anywhere. The telephone has gone
through a lot of changes in the past century, and I think that Bell would be surprised
to see how modern technology has improved his invention. I wonder if he could make
a call with mobile phones.

25. d) The most important invention is definitely the light bulb by Thomas Alva Edison. In
fact, I consider him the greatest scientist of all times. Besides the bulb, he patented
more than 1000 inventions, for example the gramophone. I think the invention of the
light bulb made it possible to light up our homes and cities, and it became very
practical in other fields as well.

26. It has always been a very unfortunate thing that a lot of scientists leave the country. I
think one word explains it all: money. In western countries, especially the United
States, they are provided with better circumstances to carry out research. They don’t
have to struggle with financial problems and the facilities are also superb. The
phenomenon of western countries attracting scientists from poorer countries is called
the brain drain. Let me mention some Hungarian-born scientists who worked and
lived abroad. They are, for example, Edward Teller, John Neumann, Leo Szilard and
there are more.

V O C A B U L A R Y L IS T
Biology biológia
Chemistry kémia
Physics fizika
Computer science számítástechnika
Maths matematika
to survive, -d túlél
planet bolygó
essential fontos
basics alapok
classmate osztálytárs
to complain, -ed reklamál
to prove, -d bebizonyít
secondary school középiskola

subject tantárgy
grade évfolyam
to collect, -ed gyűjt
barely alig
habitat lakóhely
to gasp, -ed eláll a lélegzete
skeleton csontváz
reproduction szaporodás
disease betegség
genealogy származástan
to inherit, -ed örököl

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 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

characteristic tulajdonság
to argue, -d vitatkozik
formula képlet
experiment kísérlet
gas gáz
solid szilárd
liquid folyékony
to adore, -d csodál
előjön/előhozakodik vmivel
to come up with
theory elmélet
element elem
laboratory laboratórium
puzzle kirakó
to locate, -d elhelyez
mountaineering hegymászás
Geology geológia
physicist fizikus
to discover felfedez
to contribute hozzájárul
Astronomy csillagászat
telescope távcső
universe világegyetem
comet üstökös
astronomer csillagász
access hozzáférés
globe földgömb
to download, -ed letölt
nursery school óvoda
to recognise, -d felismer
to count számol
primary school általános iskola
Calculus számtan
Geometry mértan
to calculate, -d kiszámol
triangle háromszög
circle kör
square négyszög
shape alak
History történelem
Literature irodalom
to deal, dealt, dealt with foglalkozik vmivel
3. channel csatorna
documentary dokumentumfilm
violence erőszak
monthly havi
magazine folyóirat
to recommend, -ed ajánl
extracurricular activity iskolán kívüli tevékenység
member tag
to discuss, -ed megvitat
development fejlődés
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

innovation újítás
patent szabadalmazott találmány
research kutatás
4. to subscribe, -d to előfizet
subscription előfizetés
edition szám (újságé)
version kiadás
article cikk
remote távoli
on the verge of extinction kihalás szélén
environmental környezeti
unconcerned nemtörődöm
environment környezet
danger veszély
to threaten, -ed veszélyeztet
5. satellite dish parabolaantenna
fight harc
mystery rejtély
valuable értékes
nature természet
encyclopaedia enciklopédia
Saturn Szaturnusz
to land, -ed leszáll
to migrate, -d vándorol
to breed, bred, bred szaporodik
whale bálna
polar bear jegesmedve
molecule molekula
bomb bomba

6. indispensable nélkülözhetetlen
electrical appliance elektromos készülék
communications device távközlési eszköz
to go off csörög (óra)
razor borotva
toaster kenyérpirító
microwave oven mikrohullámú sütő
alarm riasztó
onboard fedélzeti
to take sg for granted magától értetődőnek vesz
to switch on bekapcsol
in all walks of life az élet minden területén
medical care egészségügy
unimaginable elképzelehetetlen
operating theatre műtő
apparatus berendezés

7. gadget készülék
dishwasher mosogatógép
oven sütő
percolator kávéfőző
food processor háztartási robotgép
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SCIENCE AN dTt e CHNOLOGY

fridge hűtő
stereo hifi-berendezés
DVD player DVD lejátszó
VCR (video cassette recorder) videomagnó
notebook hordozható számítógép
vacuum cleaner porszívó
washing machine mosógép
hair-dryer hajszárító
8. to rely on bízik
technological műszaki
equipment felszerelés
to heat felmelegít
remote control távirányító
gate kapu
automatic automata
retina retina
to detect, -ed kimutat
constant állandó
contact kapcsolat
technology technológia
fantasy fantázia
society társadalom
human resources emberi erőforrás
robot robot
machine gép
to carry out végrehajt
task feladat
scared ijedt
to head, -ed halad
direction irány
speeding gyorsuló
community közösség
9. to prepare, -d elkészít
instead of helyett
expiration date lejárati idő
imagination képzelet
endless vég nélküli
artificial intelligence mesterséges intelligencia
let alone nem is beszélve
to struggle with erőlködik
invention találmány
10. to be convinced meg van győződve
to employ foglalkoztat
to replace, -d helyettesít
privilege privilégium
to construct, -ed épít
11. emphasis hangsúly
distance távolság
available elérhető
to succeed, -ed sikerül

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nightmare rémálom
screen képernyő
to stare, -d bámul
opportunity lehetőség
to consider, -ed tekint
12. to attract, -ed vonz
to doubt, -ed kételkedik
reality realitás
intriguing érdekfeszítő
to be averse idegenkedő
13. stress stressz
to be used to + ing hozzá van szokva
electricity elektromosság
to neglect, -ed elhanyagol
to possess, -ed birtokol
drastically drasztikusan
to be addicted to függő
14. to pursue, -d űz
timing device időmérő szerkezet
to determine, -d meghatároz
15. means of transportation közlekedési eszköz
vehicle jármű
to install, -ed beszerel
compass iránytű
navigation system helyzetmeghatározó
alternative alternatív
either ... or ... vagy ... vagy ...
widespread elterjedt

16. to lack, -ed híján van

habit szokás
freezer fagyasztó
to freeze, froze, frozen fagyaszt
unheard nem hallott
entertainment szórakozás
luxury luxus
to count, -ed számít
to require, -d igényel
to exist, -ed létezik
pace sebesség

17. mobile phone mobiltelefon

to reach, -ed elér
to make a call hív
original eredeti
function funkció
to get bored unatkozik
connection kapcsolat
satisfactory kielégítő
result eredmény
forecast előrejelzés

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SCIEN CE AND TECHNOLOGY

cell phone mobiltelefon

to damage, -d kárt okoz
18. to lag behind lemarad
personal computer személyi számítógép
navigation system megenged anyagilag
to encourage, -d bátorít
efficiently hatékonyan
fan rajongó
to tell the truth az igazat megvallva
strict szigorú
worldwide web világháló
to chat, -ted beszélget, esetei
19. to be aware of tisztában van
technology technológia
trend tendencia
to suffer from szenved vmitől
disadvantage hátrány
to browse, -d böngészik
sensibly értelmesen
to distinguish, -ed megkülönböztet
fake nem igazi, hamis
tool szerszám
purpose cél
waste of time időveszteség
to ruin, -ed lerombol
eyesight látás
unnatural természetellenes
identity személyiség
to end up kiköt vhol
alias álnév
20. virtual reality virtuális valóság
to reveal, -ed felfed
indifferent közömbös
obviously nyilvánvalóan
accessible elérhető
readable olvasható
typing gépelés
laziness lustaság
carelessness nemtörődömség
to pay attention to figyel vmire
spelling helyesírás
spell check helyesírás ellenőrző
regularly rendszeresen
to be glued to odatapad
to turn to sy hozzáfordul
to have a shoulder to cry on vki vállán sír
distant távoli
experience élmény

21. simulation szimuláció

to frighten megijeszt

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

to tell sg from sg megkülönböztet

advance haladás, fejlődés
capacity kapacitás
to store raktároz
application alkalmazás, felhasználás
surgeon sebész
operation műtét
architect építész
to design tervez
22. mankind emberiség
flight repülés, repülőút
to revolutionise forradalmasít
pastime activity szabadidős tevékenység
to bring about létrehoz, előidéz
warfare hadviselés
military katonai
to bomb bombáz
to spy kémkedik
low-cost airline fapados légitársaság
to commute bejár (pl. munkába)
23. space travel űrutazás
spaceship űrhajó
space shuttle űrrepülőgép
tragedy tragédia
due to vminek köszönhető
technical technikai
average átlagos
citizen polgár
billionaire milliárdos
24. huge óriási
to comprehend megért
enormous hatalmas
science-fiction tudományos-fantasztikus
alien földönkívüli
encounter találkozás
to make up kitalál
by mistake véletlenül
to develop kifejleszt
game theory játékelmélet
quantum theory kvantumelmélet
genius zseni
contribution hozzájárulás
noted neves
theory of relativity relativitás elmélet
hypothesis feltevés
particle részecske
atomic bomb atombomba
Nobel Prize Nobel-díj
radioactivity rádióaktivitás

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

25. vitamin vitamin

outstanding kiváló
formation kialakulás
loose laza
to prevent megelőz
Flu influenza
cold megfázás
evolutionary fejlődési, evolúciós
natural selection természetes kiválasztás
religious vallásos
milestone mérföldkő
to improve javít
definitely minden bizonnyal
light bulb villanykörte
practical praktikus
26. unfortunate szerencsétlen
circumstance körülmény
financial pénzügyi
facility felszerelés
superb szuper
phenomenon jelenség
brain drain agyelszívás

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 SITUATIONS

SITUATIONS
1. You are talking to a friend o f yours whom you have just met in the street. You
h av en ’ seen him fo r ages so now you
■ kindly greet her
■ ask her what she h as been doing since you last met
■ com plim ent h er on her clothes
■ com plim ent her on her appearance
■ tell her that she still h asn ’t lost her looks

- Hello. Long time no see. How are you?

- I am all right, thank you.

- How are things going? W hat has happened to you since I last saw you?

- Well, I got married two years ago.

- That’s great! And you are as pretty as ever. I love your dress. It suits you so
much. You look at least as young as you were when we last met five years ago.

2. Call your friend in England and

■ greet h er
■ tell h er that your husband is in hospital
■ inform h er why h e is there
■ tell h er how he is now and when he can com e hom e
* ask h er i f they are planning to come and visit you in sum mer
• invite h er to com e to Hungary

- Hallo. This is Bea from Hungary speaking. Is that you, Liz?

- Hi, Bea! Good to hear from you. How are you?

- Well, I am O.K. but my husband is in hospital. He has had an operation recently.

Now he is much better and he may come home on Sunday.

- I am sorry to hear that. Say hello to him from me and wish him a quick
recovery.

- Thank you. In fact, I was going to ask you about your plans for the summer. Are
you planning to come and see us? My husband and I would be very happy if you
stayed with us.

- W e’d love to come but we haven’t decided for sure yet.

3. You an d a friend o f yours are walking in the street when you meet your mother. Now
you
■ greet your m other
■ introduce your friend to her
■ tell h er that you are classm ates at school
■ invite your friend over fo r dinner on Sunday

- Hi, Mum. This is my friend, Kate.

- Hello, Kate. How do you do. It’s nice to meet you.

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SITU A TIO N S

- How do you do.

- You know Mum, we are both in the same class. W e are classmates, really.

- I see.
- Kate, why don’t you come and see us.. You know what? Come and have dinner
with us on Sunday.

- Oh, that would be lovely! Thank you.

4, Your English friend is expecting som e guests fo r the week-end. H e is asking you what
to cook fo r them. You
■ advise him to take the guests to a restaurant
■ tell him why you think it is better not to cook at hom e
■ inform him about the prices
■ recom m end a good restaurant to him
■ tell him where to find the place

- I am having some guests at the weekend. I haven’t decided what to cook yet. It’s
always a nuisance. W hat do you think I should buy for the Sunday meal?

- I don’t think you should cook at home at all. Why don’t you take them to a
restaurant?

- But it would cost a fortune to do that.

- Well, not really. I am sure it would not cost a lot more than a four-course lunch
at home. And think about all the trouble that you would have to take.

- You may be right but, to tell you the truth, I don’t know any good restaurants in
this town. I don’t often go out, you know.

- There’s one not far from your place. Do you know where Peter lives?

- Yes, ju st by the hospital, doesn’t he?

- Yes. Well, It’s ju st round the corner from his place. They say it is quite a good
one.

- Thank you, I think I’ll do that.

5. You hav e an English frien d who h as asked you to go to the cinem a with him tonight.
You d o n ’t really feel like going out so you
■ tell him you ca n ’t go
■ be very polite an d give him a g ood reason why
■ prom ise to go with him som e other time

- L et’s go to the cinema tonight. There’s a good film on.

- I am afraid I ’ll have to work hard this evening. We are doing a testpaper in
maths tomorrow.

- But you have the whole afternoon to study.

- Well, I have to study more than usual. This is a very strict teacher. But don’t
worry, I ’ll go with you some other time.

- O.K. I ’ll keep you to that.

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 S IT U A T IO N S

6. Y ou h a v e b een stu dyin g in E n g la n d fo r a y ea r a n d n ow y ou a r e ta k in g le a v e o f th e

fr ie n d s y o u h a v e m a d e there. You
■ sa y g o o d -b y e to th em
■ tell th em h o w m u ch y ou w ill m iss them
■ a s k th em to k e e p co n ta ct
■ in v ite th em fo r a g la s s o f c h a m p a g n e '

- W ell, good-bye to you all ... er ... I am really so rry to leav e you. I t ’s b e e n g re a t
w orking w ith you. I ’m going to m iss you a lot.
- W e a re g o in g to m iss you too.

- I hope we w on’t lo se co n ta ct. Anyway, I hope you w on’t fo r g e t m e a lto g e th e r.

- D o n ’t w orry, we w on’t! W e ’ll alw ays rem em b er you.

- L e t’s d rin k to th a t. W h y d on’t we all go fo r a g la ss o f c h a m p a g n e.

7. Y ou h a v e a n E n g lis h c la s s m a te a t sc h o o l. S h e h a s ju s t j o i n e d th e c la s s a n d d o e s n ’t
k n o w m u c h a b o u t th e w e a th e r in H u n gary. T h e c la s s is p la n n in g to g o o n a th r ee-
d a y s c h o o l o u tin g a n d s h e refu ses to t a k e a n y w a rm c lo th e s w ith h er . Y o u te ll h e r
■ s h e c a n ’t g o w ith o u t ta k in g s o m e w a rm c lo th e s w ith h e r
■ w h a t k in d o f w a rm c lo th e s y o u th in k s h e w o u ld n e e d
■ w h a t th e w e a th e r c o u ld b e lik e in H u n g a ry in O c to b er

- Y o u a re g o in g to m a k e a fo o l o u t o f m e. I w o n ’t ta k e all th o s e c lo th e s w ith m e .

- Y o u c a n ’t go fo r a trip in O cto b er w ith o u t ta k in g a w a rm p u llo v er, a ja c k e t , a h a t

o r a s c a r f, a p a ir o f b o o ts an d a p a ir o f w a rm tr o u s e r s w ith y o u .

- I know w h a t I n e e d . I ’ll h av e m y ja c k e t o n a n d t h a t’ll b e e n o u g h . I d o n ’t w a n t th e

o th e r s to la u g h a t m e w h en th e y s e e m y h u g e b ig s u itc a s e .

- L is te n ! I w o n ’t l e t y ou go a t a ll i f y ou r e fu s e to ta k e th o s e w a r m c lo th e s w ith
y ou . I t c a n g e t q u ite ch illy in th e m o rn in g a n d a t n ig h t in O c to b e r . I t w ill
p ro b a b ly b e v e ry w in d y an d I w ou ld n’t b e s u r p ris e d i f i t r a in e d a ll t h e tim e .

8. C a ll y o u r h o s t fa m ily , w h o m y o u a r e s t a y in g w ith in B r i t a i n a n d t e ll t h e m t h a t
■ y o u w ill g o h o m e fr o m s c h o o l la t e r to d a y
■ g iv e y o u r r e a s o n s w h y
■ g iv e t h e a p p r o x i m a t e tim e w h e n y o u t h in k y o u w ill b e h o m e
■ a p o lo g is e

- Hallo, 435 907.

- Hallo, Fred here. Is that you Mrs Webb?
- Speaking.
- I’m sorry, I won’t be able to come home at the usual time, I am afraid.
- Why? W hat’s happened?
- Some foreign guests have arrived at the school and I’ll have to go out with them
for dinner.
- When do you think you’ll be back?

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 S IT U A TIONS

- I’m really worry to cause you any inconvenience, but I don’t think we’ll be back
before midnight.
- I t’s all right. I’ll just leave the back door open for you. Good-bye.
- Thank you. Good-bye.

9. Your English friend would like to move to Hungary and settle down here. She is
asking you where you think could be a nice p lace to live. You
■ you recomm end either a city or the countryside
■ give your reasons why
■ give all the possible advantages o f the place
■ inform h er about shopping and entertainment facilities

- As you know, I have been thinking for a long time about settling down in
Hungary. Where do you think would be a nice place?

- I don’t think it would be wise to move to a city. Why don’t you choose the
country?

- You know I have always lived in a city and I am used to having everything on
the doorstep.

- The shops in the country are very well supplied. If you bought a house in a small
town or in a village, you would not miss the comforts either. You also have gas
and electricity in these houses and it is so pleasant to live in the countryside.

- I admit that it would be much quieter, but I am used to going out a lot.

- That’s no problem at all. There are no vast distances in Hugary. If you want to
go to the theatre or do your shopping in a big department store you can easily
pop into the nearest town by car.

10. Your English friends are visiting your new hom e in the country. You have been
studying in England fo r a year and now you are taking leave o f the friends you have
m ade there. You tell them
■ how you m anaged to raise money fo r the new house
■ what the house looks like from the inside
■ whether you have enough room fo r the family members
■ about the garden
■ about the conveniences

- W hat a nice, big house you have. It must have cost an enormous sum of money.

- Well, we got a loan from the bank and we managed to save a lot of money by
doing much of the work ourselves. Everybody in the family did their share. We
all worked very hard.

- That’s unbelievable! Everything is so neatly done here. How many rooms are
there?
- We turned the attic into a bedroom so every member of the family has their own
bedroom now. We also have a big sitting-room downstairs plus all the usual
rooms. The house is supplied with all the modern conveniences and what we are
really proud of is the big garden around it.

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 S IT U A T IU ínö

11. Y our friend, h a s invited you to g o a n d visit her. W hen you arrive, though, n o bo d y
an sw ers the d oor. K n o ck on the n eig h bou r’s d oor, w ho is a n E n g lish m an , a n d
■ tell him that you a re really w orried
■ give y ou r reason s why
■ you think there must be som ebody inside
■ give y ou r reason s why you think so

- Good Morning! I am sorry to trouble you. In fa ct I have com e to v isit your

neighbour but nobody answered the door.

- And what can I do for you, young man?

- W ell, to tell you the truth I am quite worried. I m ade an appointm ent with h e r
for eleven o’clock a t her place and now I ’ve rung the bell th ree tim es b u t nobody
answers.

- T h a t’s strange.

- All the m ore so because I can hear th a t the radio is on in th e corrid or and it
sounds as if the water was running in the bathroom .

- Oh, how worrying! I think we had better call the police. T here is a telephone-box
down the street. Ju s t run along and telephone them . I ’ll w ait here.

12. Y our E n glish frien d is askin g you fo r advice. S h e w ants s o m e id e a s o n h o w to

fu rn ish h er living-room. You tell h er
■ w here you w ould p la c e the w all unit
■ w hat colou r curtain to put on the w indow
■ w here you w ould p u t the table
■ w here you w ould h a n g the picture.
■ A lso, give reason s fo r you r choices.

- I have decided to rearrange the sitting-room in our house. I know you have good
taste in in terio r design; could you help me with where to put things?

- Certainly. L et’s see. I think I would put the wall u n it by th e wall opposite th e
door. T h a t seem s to be the b est place fo r it. And ... if I were you I would rep lace
the white curtain on the window with a lilac one. L ilac is m ore fashionab le th a n
white, you know.

- O.K. And where shall I put the round table? In the corner?

- No, no. It should not go in the corner. It should go here, in th e m iddle o f the
room.

- And what about th a t big picture? I think I ’ll ju s t leave it there, on th e wall above
the television.

- It would look much b etter if you hung it above the sofa. T h a t’s it!

13. You a r e h ostin g a n d E n g lish frien d o f yours. S h e is in terested to k n o w w h a t sig h ts

there a re in you r town. N ow you
■ tell h er th at the town h a s a castle
■ d escrib e the castle a n d its buildings
■ say w hether there a re any m useum s a n d o f w hat kin d
■ in form h er a b ou t o th er tourist attraction s a n d p ro g ra m m es
■ tell h er a b ou t a ccom m od ation

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SITUATIONS

- I was wondering what places of interest there are in your home town?
- Well, there is a castle, which is quite old, there is a church built in the
eighteenth century and there are quite a few nice baroque buildings in the
centre.
- I love baroque architecture.
- There is also a Museum of Local History in the park near the centre.
- Are there any special events that tourists can go to?
- Yes, there are the organ concerts in the church in summer and the tournaments
organised in the castle.
- Where can tourists stay?
- The town has a nice hotel surrounded by a big park. It is always full of tourists,
especially in summer.

14. Your English friend does not understand why your family bought a garden plot in
the countiy. Now you are talking about the advantages o f having a plot o f land like
yows. Tell her
■ what you grow in the garden
■ what jobs you especially like doing there
■ that it is a way o f relaxation for you and give your reasons
■ the advantages o f eating home-grown vegetables

- You know I don’t really understand why you bought that plot of land in the
country.
- Well, I have developed it into a vegetable plot. I love messing about in gardens;
especially the hoeing, and the watering. The digging is very good exercise as
well.
- You don’t have to study much after school then?
- You can’t believe how relaxing it is to do some gardening after school.
- Oh, really?
- Yes and what’s more, we can grow everything in the garden that we need in the
kitchen. And this saves a lot of money.
- Hm, now you’re talking!
- On top of all that it’s extremely healthy to be outside in the open air. And don’t
forget that what you grow yourself is always better than what you can get in the
market. At least you know it is free of chemicals.
- O.K. I ’m convinced.

15. You and your English friend are talking about an ideal house to live in. Tell him
■ what kind o f house you would like to live in
■ what you would like to have in the basement
■ what rooms should be there on the ground floor
■ what rooms you would like to have upstairs
 SITUATIONS

- Now, what rooms would you like to have in the house?

- F irst of all I’d like there to be a basement. In the basement I would like to have a
garage, a cellar for storing oil and a boiler-room.
- All right. And how about the ground floor?
- On the ground floor there should be a big sitting-room, two smaller rooms, a
dining-room and a kitchen. In fact I would also like to have a small bathroom
there with a toilet if that’s possible.
- Certainly. Whatever you want.
- W ell then, I want to have three rooms and a big bathroom upstairs. Perhaps
there should be a kitchen there as well. I would like to let this floor in summer,
you know.

16. Your English friend has planned to buy a house or a flat in Hungary but she cannot
really decide between the two. Now you are telling her what you think.
■ say which one you w ouldn’t buy if you were in her p lace
■ give at least three reasons why not
■ say which one you think is better
■ give at least three reasons fo r your choice
■ react naturally to your frien d’s possible objections

- I am going to buy a flat or a house. I can’t really decide between the two. Which
one would you recommend?
- I wouldn’t buy a house if I were you. There are far more problems with a house
than with a flat; you have to do the odd jobs around a house, you have to do the
gardening, moreover, you have to clean the street outside your house if you want
it to be nice and tidy.
- That’s all very true but in a block of flats you have to learn to live with your
neighbours and adjust yourself to their life-style.
- O.K., but life in general is more comfortable in a flat. Ju s t imagine! There is
central heating, no need to heat the flat yourself.
- Yes, but the neighbours...
- Don’t worry about the neighbours. You may have very nice ones. And then ... I
am sure you’ll enjoy life there.
- All right, all right.
- By the way, I think I could offer you a nice and cosy flat on the second floor
facing south.
- Isn’t that your flat by any chance?
- Well, yes ... er ... you know I am going to buy a house.
- Why? W hat’s the matter? Are you not enjoying life in a flat, then?
- But I am. It’s ju st I ... just I can’t stand my neighbours!

17. Your English friend is having a house built but she ca n ’t decide whether sh e should
have a big or a sm all kitchen. She is interested to learn about your opinion. N ow you
are arguing fo r a big kitchen. You
■ tell her that the kitchen seems to have a central role in fam ily life
■ give your reasons why
■ give the nam es o f a few household appliances which also need space

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 - I’ve planned everything about our house. The only problem is that I am in two
minds about the kitchen. Should it be big or should it be small? What do you
think?
- I think a kitchen should certainly be light and big. As big as possible. Everything
seems to happen in the kitchen; you'll spend most of your family life there.
- What do you mean?
- It is good if you can huve your meals in the kitchen so you’ll definitely need a
dining-recess. And think about all the household gadgets you have - the micro-
wave oven, the fridge, the food-mixer, etc., plus the pots and pans and the
cooker. They will take up a lot of space.
- You are right. We don’t have anywhere to put them now.
- Ju st think about it. You may want to buy some more household appliances - a
dishwasher or an electric cooker. They will need some space as well.
- I think you are right. I ’ll have a big kitchen built.

18. Your English friend would like to have fitted carpet in his new living-room. Now you
are trying to talk him out o f it. Tell him that
■ fitted carpets are not very practical to use in living-rooms
■ give at least three reasons why not
■ recommend another way o f floor covering
■ give at least three reasons for your choice
■ react naturally to your friend’s possible objections

- And this is going to be the sitting-room. I would like to have wall-to-wall carpet
here.
- Fitted carpets are really beautiful but they are not very advisable to cover sitting-
room floors with.
- W hat do you mean?
- They get dirty easily and your new wall-to-wall carpet would wear in no time with
all those comings and goings in a sitting-room. Somebody might drop a burning
cigarette or spill some drink on it.
- W hat floor covering do you think I should have then?
- I suggest you should have a parquet floor.
- But I love beautiful carpets. A room looks so much different with a carpet in it.
- You could still have a carpet or two on the parquet floor. And if they get dirty,
they can be cleaned easily.
- All right, you have convinced me.

19. You would like to invite your English friend fo r a Sunday trip in the mountains.
Now you
■ ask him about his plans fo r the week-end
■ invite him fo r the trip
■ say where you are going
■ give a reason fo r your choice
■ tell him how to get there and how long it will last
■ offer an alternative programme in case it might rain
 b lT U A llu i^ io

- Ja c k ! W hat are you doing at the weekend?

- I am going to the cinem a on Saturday but I am not doing anything special on

Sunday. Why?

- Would you like to come with me for a trip on Sunday?

- Trip? W here?

- To the hills ju st outside the town. There is a look-out tow er on the top o f the
highest m ountain, and you get a m agnificent view from there.

- T hat sounds nice. B u t how can we get there?

- W alk, of course. I suppose it would take a day to get th ere and back.

- Are there any restaurants on the way?

- I don’t think so. W e had better take some sandwiches as well as som ething to
drink with us.

- And what if it rains on Sunday?

- Naturally, we won’t go to the mountains if it rains. W e ’ll go to the m useum

instead.

- O.K. T hat sounds fine.

20. You a re giving a birthday party to your frien d s a t the w eeken d. Y ou h a v e d e c id ed to

invite you r E n g lish frien d too. N ow you are talkin g to him . Y ou
■ tell h im w hat you a r e plan n in g to do at the w eek-end
■ invite him fo r the party
■ tell h im w ho else is com ing
■ tell h im w hat tim e the din n er will begin
■ give a list o f p o ssib le activities that h e can do a t th e p arty

- Tom! Are you free on Saturday night?

- Y es, why?

- It’s my birthday on Saturday and I am giving a party. W ould you like to com e?

- W ith pleasure. W ho else are you going to invite?

- I have already invited my classm ates and they have all prom ised to com e.

- Great! W h at tim e shall I come?

- W ell, dinner is at six in the evening, so it would be nice if you could m ake i t by
six.

- W ill there be dancing as well?

- Of course there will. A fter dinner everybody can do w hatever they w ant; d ance,
watch TV, talk, play party games or ju st lie and listen to the CDs I have.

21. You a re hav in g so m e E n glish guests in you r hom e. N ow y ou a r e a b o u t to trea t th em

to som e c a k es w hich you h av e m a d e yourself. You
■ offer them the ca k es
■ react naturally to p o ssib le refu sal
■ say w ho you g o t the recipe from
■ tell them why these c a k es a re sp ecial

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SITUATIONS

- Help yourself to my home-made cakes.

- No, thank you. Cakes are very fattening, you know, and I don’t want to put on
weight. I am on a diet.
- My cakes have very little sugar in them. I got the recipe from my grandma.
These were my favourite cakes when I was a child. And look at me now. I am
quite slim.
- But look! There is some cream in them.
- Well, but they don’t contain sugar, so they aren’t fattening. Ju s t try them once.
- Well, go on then. Ju st one. ... mm, ... They are really delicious. Can I have the
recipe?

22. You are having som e English guests in your hom e when a H ungarian friend o f yours
arrives unexpectedly. You
■ introduce your friend to the company
■ tell them how long you have been friends
■ tell them when you last met
■ tell them what your friend does
■ invite him fo r a glass o f champagne

- Darling! Will you answer the door while I am pouring some wine to the guests?

- O.K., I’ll go.

- Hello, Fred!

- W hat a nice surprise! Hi, Peter! Good to see you back again. Come in. Listen
everybody. This is my dear old friend Peter. W e used to go to school together.
It’s ages since we last met.

- Hello! Nice to meet you all.

- Peter works for a travel agency abroad. Unfortunately, he doesn’t often come
home. Anyway, let’s celebrate his sudden appearance. Come and have a glass of
champagne with us, Peter.

23. You are visiting an English friend o f yours. S h e offers you som e wine and cigarettes.
You
■ veiy politely refuse the wine
■ give your reasons why you w on’t drink
■ say what you would drink instead
■ refuse the offered cigarettes, too
■ say why you d on ’t sm oke anymore

- Hello, Kate.

- Hi, Liz. Come in. Let me help you with your coat. Do sit down.

- Thanks, Kate.

- Would you like something to drink? A glass of wine perhaps?

- No thanks. I don’t drink wine. I have come here by car and I never drink alcohol
when I drive.

- W hat would you like to drink then?

 situatiuinö

- I feel like some cold Coke with a slice of lemon, please.

- Here you are. And now, have a cigarette. This is your favourite brand.
- That’s very kind of you but I gave up smoking about two months ago.
- Oh, did you? That’s great! How did you manage to do that?
- My husband stopped and I decided to stop as well.
- Well done!

24. An English friend o f yours is calling you on the phone to say that she would like to
meet you at eight tomorrow. You
■ answer the phone
■ apologise fo r not being able to meet her tomorrow night
■ give well-founded reasons why not
■ suggest an alternative time for meeting
■ recommend a good programme for the two o f you

- Hallo. This is 345 882.

- Hallo. Could I speak to Chris, please?
- Speaking.
- Hello, Chris. This is Margaret speaking.
- Hi, Margaret! Where are you phoning from?
- I am in the Hilton Hotel. In fact I have just arrived. Do you think we could meet
at eight tomorrow?
- I am afraid I can’t make it tomorrow. I am going to a business meeting and I
can’t really put it off at such short notice. How long are you staying?
- I am planning to stay for a week.
- That’s great! How about meeting the day after tomorrow then?

- Lovely! When?
- I’ll come and pick you up at the hotel at seven o’clock and we’ll go out to have
dinner somewhere nice and pleasant. Is that all right?
- Superb! See you at seven then. Bye!

25. You would like to invite your English friend to a concert. Now you
■ tell h er what kind o f concert it is
■ invite her to the concert
■ say when it is on and what time it begins
■ tell her about the tickets
■ discuss where you would want to sit

- Ann, would you like to go with me to a concert?

- W hat kind of concert do you have in mind?

- A pop concert, of course. A popular band is playing. Your favourites.

- Oh, the Republic! Of course, I would! When is it?

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- Well it is a week today but I am afraid we’ll have to buy the tickets as soon as
possible, otherwise we won’t get any. I expect they’ll have run out in a few days.
- Do you know what time the concert begins?
- As far as I know, it begins at six o’clock in the evening.
- All right, let’s go and get the tickets. Where shall we sit?
- I suggest we should sit in the last row. It’s not that loud there and we can still
see the singers clearly.
- Are you kidding? It’s no use going to a pop concert if you don’t like loud music.
- To tell you the truth, I am only going for your sake.

26. You are late for school. Your class is having an English lesson. Now you are talking
to the teacher. You
■ apologise for being late again
■ give your reasons why
■ react naturally to possible inquires
■ ask her to let you go back home

- You are late again, Miss Kiss. It’s nine o’clock and just for your information
school starts at eight.
- I m really sorry, Miss Great, but my brother felt sick in the morning and I had
to call for the doctor.
- Oh, did you, Miss Kiss? And is he better now?
- Not yet, I am afraid. He has got a high temperature and is lying in bed.
- I am sorry to hear that. Can I help you with anything?
- I would ju st like to ask you to let me go back home, Miss Great.

- That’s all right, Miss Kiss. I wish your brother a quick recovery.

27. You are at the jo b centre looking fo r a suitable job. You are talking to one o f the
clerks. You
■ tell her you haven ’t been able to find the right jo b fo r yourself
■ ask her about retraining programmes
■ tell her what kind o f jo b you would be interested in
■ tell her what languages you speak

- I have been coming to this job centre quite often recently but I haven’t found a
reasonable job for myself yet. Could you please tell me if there are any retraining
programmes?
- Certainly, sir. In what field would you like to work?

- I would really be interested in tourism.

- Do you speak any languages?

- Yes, I speak English quite well. And I speak a little German and Russian.
- Well, sir. Let’s see...
 SITUATIONS

28. You have read a jo b advertisement in the local paper. You want to learn more about
the jo b so now you are visiting the p lace and
■ tell the clerk which jo b you are interested in
■ a sk about the nature o f the jo b
■ ask about the working hours
■ ask about the salary
■ ask when you could com e fo r a job interview

- Good morning, sir.

- Good morning, madam. Can I help you?

- I have read about the job you advertised in the local paper. I’ve come to make
some more enquiries about it.

- Ju s t a moment, madam, I’ll call the personnel manager. Here he comes.

- Good morning, sir. I ’ve come to find out some more details about the job you
advertised yesterday.

- Now, madam. It’s a very interesting and varied job but it requires a lot of
sacrifices. Occasionally, you may have to work at weekends and in the evenings.

- And what are the normal working hours?

- From seven to half past three every weekday.

- How about the salary?

- 150 000 a month before tax.

- That sounds all right. Do you think I could come for a job interview some time?
- All right, madam. Please, call this telephone number and you can make an
appointment.

29. Your English friend would like to change his job because he was offered 40,000
forints m ore elsewhere. Now you are trying to talk him out o f this. You
■ ask him why he wants to change
■ argue against the new company bringing up the following issues:
■ distance from hom e
■ fringe benefits
■ working conditions
■ p ossible privatisation

- I would like to hand in my notice and take up a job at the Babel Works.

- Have you gone off your head?

- On the contrary. They’ll pay 40,000 forints more than I get now.
- Have you considered that the Babel Works are a long way from your place? You
would spend the difference on travelling.
- I’ll buy a season ticket, which makes it a lot cheaper.
- Listen! I know about the working conditions in that factory. They are much
worse than here. W hat’s more, the fringe benefits don’t include lunch.
- To tell you the truth, I could do without the lunch we get here.

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- Anyway, think about it. Don’t rush headlong into it. As far as I know, the Babel
Works are not doing very well. Rumour has it that they are going to be
privatised. What will happen to you then? They will probably lay off a lot of
workers. They might well give you the sack!

30. You have just started to work fo r a big multi-national company. Now you are
forwarding a message to your English colleague. You
■ tell him that the boss wants to see her
■ sympathise with him because the boss seemed to be really angry
■ tell him to take the statistics with her that she h as recently done
■ tell him why the boss needs it

- Jam es!
- Yes?

- The head of department would like to see you personally. He says you should
take the statistics you completed yesterday with you.

- The statistics? Why?

- He would like to check something in them.

- To check something? Why?

- I don’t know. What I know is that I wouldn’t like to be in your shoes. He seems
to be very angry.

- I had better hurry up then.

31. You are working fo r a big multi-national company and now you are introducing a
new colleague to your work mates. You
■ tell them who he is
■ ask them to help him if he has any problems
■ offer your own help too
■ wish him success in his new job

- Well, my dear colleagues, this is Paul. He is going to be your new workmate.

- Hello, Paul. Nice to meet you.

- As he is completely new to the company, please try and help him with the
difficulties he may have in the beginning.

- Of course, we will.

- Obviously, you can come and see me as well if you have a problem that you can’t
solve.

- Thank you, Mr Knowall.

- I wish you success in your new job. And now, don’t hesitate to start work right
away.

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32. You a re w orkin g fo r a big m ulti-natinal com pan y a n d th e m a n a g e r h a s a s k e d y o u to

inform so m e E nglish w orkers abou t the introduction o f a n ew system o f w ork. N o w
you
■ tell them abou t the introduction o f the system o f flex ib le w o rk in g h ou rs
■ inform them abou t w hat it m ean s
■ explain to them th at a t certain tim es they still n ee d to b e h e r e a t w ork
■ tell them they n eed to w ork eight hou rs a d ay on the a v era g e

- Ladies and Gentlem en! The m anagem ent of our com pany have decided to
introduce flexible working hours.

- W hat does th at actually mean?

- This m eans th at everybody may arrive at or leave the office w henever they w ant.
The only requirem ent is that we all are to be here betw een nine o’clock in the
morning and two o’clock in the afternoon. And naturally, everybody is supposed
to work eight hours a day.

33. You a r e in E n g lan d a n d a re callin g the taxi ra n k to o rd e r a tax i f o r to m o rro w

m orning. N ow you
■ tell them w ho you a r e a n d w hat you w ant
■ tell them w here you live
■ tell them w h at k in d o f taxi you w ant
■ a sk them to be pu n ctu al
■ giv e them a rea so n why it is im portan t n ot to b e la te

- Hallo. This is M r Ready speaking. Could I have a tax i b jr seven o’clock tom orrow
m orning, please?

- Certainly, sir. And what’s your address?

- Oh, yes. My address is 34, Carlisle S treet.

- All right, the taxi will be outside your house at seven tom orrow .

- Ideally, the taxi should be quite big because we have a lot of luggage.

- Don’t worry, sir, you’ll be able to pack everything in.

- Please m ake sure th a t the taxi will be here a t seven sharp , as our tr a in leav es a t
h alf past seven from V ictoria S tation and I don’t w ant to m iss it. I t ’s ra th e r
im portant because we are travelling abroad to see our frien d s

- You can tru st us, sir. The taxi will be there.

34. You h a v e fla g g ed dow n a taxi in the street. N ow y ou a r e ta lk in g to th e d riv er. Y ou

■ tell h im w here you w ould lik e to go
■ a sk him to tell you som eth in g a b ou t th e sights
■ a sk him how to get b a ck to the town centre
■ a sk him h ow m uch you ow e him

- Taxi!

- Yes, sir. W here to?

- I would like to go to the castle but I don’t know the way there.

- All right, sir. I’ll take you there.

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- Would you be so kind as to tell me something about the sights in the castle?
- Well, there is an old cathedral in the centre, a Statue of the Holy Trinity, a
beautiful Episcopal Palace, a look-out bastion and lots of baroque houses.
- Thank you very much indeed. And when I have seen all this, how can I get back
to town?
- I am afraid you can’t catch a bus at the castle, so you’ll have to walk for the first
five hundred metres. But then, outside the gate you’ll find a bus stop. Any bus
that stops there will take you back to the town centre.

- All right. How much do I owe you?

- Nine hundred and twenty.
- Here you are. And keep the change.
- Thank you, sir.

35. An Englishman h as asked you on the tram where h e could buy a ticket. Now you are
talking to him. You
■ tell him where bus and tram tickets are sold in Hungary
■ offer him one fo r this journey
■ tell him what might happen if he hasn ’t got a ticket
■ explain to him how to validate the ticket

- Excuse me, madam. Could you tell me where the conductor is?

- Conductor? There are no conductors on the trams in Hungary.

- Where can I buy a ticket then?

- Tickets are sold at the tobacconist’s, at the newsagent’s or at special ticket-

offices. You should have bought one before you got on the tram.
- Oh, really? I didn’t know that.

- Well, I can give you one for now. Here you are. The ticket inspector might get on
the tram any time.

- Thank you very much indeed. And what do I do now?

- You put the ticket in this machine, pull the handle like this and your ticket is
punched. And if the inspector comes, you show it to him.

- Thank you, madam. That’s very kind of you.

36. You are stopped by an Englishman in the street. H e wants to know how to get to
Nyugati Station. Now you are talking to him. You
■ tell him the way by bus
■ warn him that he will need to change to a tram
■ advise him to take a taxi
■ give a reason why it is the best choice

- Excuse me. Could you tell me the quickest way to Nyugati Station, please?
- Certainly. Take a number twelve bus at the stop over there. Go four stops on the
bus then change to a tram that runs along that road. I am sorry, I can’t
remember its number now.

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- Doesn’t that take a long time?

- Obviously, the easiest way to get there is to take a taxi. It saves you time
because you don’t have to change then.
- Thank you.
- Not at all.

37. You are stopped by an English driver in the street. H e wants to know how to get to
the post office. Now you are talking to him. You
■ tell him how to get there by car
■ give him as detailed directions as you can
■ tell him where exactly the post office is
■ describe the building to him

- Excuse me. How can I get to the post-office?

- Drive as far along this road until you come to a big church. Turn left at the
church into a small street. Drive along that street for about two hundred metres.
Then you’ll come to a square.
- Left at the church, along that street as far as the square.
- That’s right. You’ll see the postoffice on the opposite side of the square. You
can’t miss it. It is a large building with several towers.

38. You are at a petrol station in England. Now you are talking to the attendant. You
■ tell him what kind o f petrol and how much o f it you want
■ tell him what else you need for the car
* react naturally to the attendant’s answers
• ask if the price o f petrol is going up again

- Good morning, sir.

- Good morning. Fill it up with unleaded petrol, please.
- Yes, sir. Anything else?
- Have you got any distilled water? The battery needs to be topped up. And I also
need a litre of oil to put in the car.
- Here you are, sir. Will this do?
- Well, this is the most expensive brand. Something cheaper would be better, in fact
- How about this brand, sir?
- Yes, that’ll do. Thank you.
- Now, is it true that the price of petrol is going up again on Monday?
- I don’t think so. Where did you hear that?
- A little bird told me.

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39. You are at a garage in England. Your car is out o f order and now you are talking
to the mechanic. You
■ give him at least three problems with the car
■ ask him to see to them
■ ask him when the car will be ready
■ ask him how much it will be
■ react naturally to what he says
- Good morning, sir. What can I do for you?
- Well, there are some problems with my car. Will you see to it, please?
- Certainly. What exactly has gone wrong?
- The car won't pull properly, the brakes are weak, there is a banging sound
coming from the engine and the windscreen wipers aren’t working.
- Quite a few problems then. It’ll take some time to put them right.
- Anyway, when do you think I could come for the car?
- Some time at the end of next week. How about Friday?
- All right. And how much will it cost me approximately?
- I can’t hazard a guess at this stage, sir.
- O.K. then, try and keep it as cheap as possible. Oh yes, there’s one more thing.
- Yes, sir?
- When you have finished, could you also balance the front wheels, please?
- Yes, sir. You’ll get back a perfect car.

40. You are in Britain and your car has been stolen. Now you are reporting the theft to
the police. You
■ tell the policeman what has happened
■ tell him how it happened
■ tell him what make the car is
■ tell him how old the car is
■ react naturally to the policeman’s further questions

- Excuse me, I’d like to report the theft of my car.

- What make was it, sir?
- It was a white Honda Jazz.
- Where did it all happen?
- The car was parked in the street right outside my house. There was a burglar
alarm installed in it and yet it was stolen.
- How old was the car, sir?
- It was three years old.
- What state of repair was it in?
- It was in quite a good state of repair, although there was a big dent in the front
left mudguard and a small hole in the front windscreen.
- We’ll let you know if we find your car.
 SITUATIONS

41. You a re stopped fo r speeding by a policem an in England. N ow you are talking to

him. You
■ tell the policem an that you h ad n ’t realised you h ad been speeding
■ tell him why you h aven ’t noticed the sign to limit the speed
■ react naturally to the policem an’s further questions
■ try to defen d your case and avoid the fine

- Good morning. Did you realise that you had been speeding?
- Oh, had I? But I have been driving only at 80 km/h. This is the speed limit on
this road, isn’t it?
- Normally, yes. But there are roadworks going on here at the moment and the
sign says the speed limit is 40 km/h.
- I am sorry, sir. I must have missed that sign, otherwise I would have been
driving more slowly.
- I am afraid, I can’t take that into consideration. You should have been more
attentive.
- But look! Can you see any workmen here? They are not working on the road
now.
- That doesn’t matter. I am afraid I’ll have to fine you anyway.

42. You are going shopping when you meet your English friend in the street. Now you
are talking to her. You
■ a sk h er where she is going
■ a sk h er if you can join her
■ recom m end a big supermarket to go to
■ give at least three reasons to go there
■ react naturally to what your friend is saying

- Hi, Vera. Where are you going?

- I am going shopping.
- That’s what I am going to do as well. Can I join you?
- Yes, do. Where shall we go?
- Let’s go to the big supermarket.
- Don’t you think that there are going to be an awful lot of people there at this
time of the day?
- It’s not yet peak time, is it?
- Perhaps not, but anyway, I don’t particularly like doing the shopping there.
- Why?
- Because the shop assistants are not very polite.
- I admit you are right, but there you can get everything under one roof. You don’t
have to walk around the town looking for this and that. Actually I would like to
do all my shopping for the next week. I have to buy everything I need from
lipstick to lager. And the prices are a bit cheaper than anywhere else in town.
- All right then, let’s go there.
- Yes, let’s.

10 5
S IT U A T IO N S

43. You a re in a shop in B ritain an d you want to buy a pu llover fo r yourself. Now you
a re talkin g to the shop assistant. You
■ tell h er w hat you want
■ ask h er w here to fin d the changing room
■ tell h er why it is no g ood an d a sk fo r an other on e
■ ask about the p rice an d say you'll buy it
■ react naturally to w hat the shop assistant is saying

- Can I help you, madam?

- Yes. I’d like a soft, warm, red sweater for myself.

- Here is a lovely one.

- Yes, it’s really nice. Could I possibly try it on?

- Certainly.

- Could you tell me where I can find the changing-room?

- Over there, behind that rack.

- Thank you.

- How does it fit?

- I am afraid it’s a bit small. I like the style, though. Have you got it in a larger
size?

- The larger sizes are all green, madam.

- W ell, green is not one of my favourite colours. Anyway, how much is it?

- 9.99.

- Hm... the price is quite reasonable. I think I ’ll buy it. Apart from the colour, this
is exactly the type of pullover I wanted.

- Here you are, madam, and here is your receipt.

44. You a r e in B ritain an d you n eed to go to the d o cto r’s. N ow you a re talkin g to the
doctor. You
■ tell him w hat the m atter is with you
■ tell him h ow long you h av e h a d the p a in a n d w hen it is the w orst
■ give him a t least two typical sym ptoms that you h av e
■ react naturally to the d o cto r’s fu rther questions

- Good morning, M r W ane. W hat’s the problem?

- I have got a very bad pain in my legs, doctor.

- When did it start?

- I have had it for about a week now and it hurts m ost when I get up in the
morning.

- Do you have the pain all the time?

- Well, it is there virtually the whole tim e and I can’t really walk upstairs without
a lot o f pain.

- Is it bad now?

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- Not too good. It really hurts. Sometimes it’s so bad that it stops me from
working. I have to lie down then.
- Now, where exactly is the pain?
- Ju st here. I tried putting some ointment on it but it didn’t help either.
- All right. Now I want you to lie down here...

45. Your English friend is staying at your house. You want to go out tonight but you
d on ’t exactly know where. Now you are talking to your friend. You
■ suggest going to a disco
■ suggest further alternative ways o f entertainment
■ agree on something that you both want to do
■ react naturally to what your friend is saying

- How about going to the disco?

- I ’m sorry, I don’t really like discos. I'd much rather go to a good concert.
- W hat kind of concert have you got in mind? A pop concert, a jazz concert or an
orchestral concert?
- Well, I really don’t know.
- Listen, why don’t we go to a musical? There are some good ones on.
- Musicals are not for me, I’m afraid.
- Wouldn’t you like to see a good comedy then?
- That sounds perfect to me.
- Great! Let’s book up for the ‘Comedy of Errors’. It’s on at half past six. We have
one and a half hours to get ready for the performance.

46. You are at a hotel in Britain. When you go up to your room you realise that it is not
what you expected. Now you are calling the receptionist and m ake a complaint. You
■ tell h er why you are not satisfied with the room
■ give her at least two reasons
■ tell her what room you asked for when you m ade your booking
■ react naturally to the receptionist’s further questions

- Can I speak to the receptionist, please?

- Speaking.
- This is Mária Nagy in Room 357.
- Yes Madam, can I help you?
- Well, I ’m sorry but I’m not really satisfied with my room.
- W hat’s the problem, Madam?
- When I made my booking, I asked for a room facing the lake, not facing the
street. This room is extremely noisy and I wanted a quiet one.
- A quiet one, Madam?
- Yes, and I asked for a single room with a bath, but this room has just a shower.
- That’s strange, Madam.

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- Of course, it is! What’s more, it hasn’t got a television set or even a radio. I
asked for a big room with a TV and this is a small one without a TV. So I would
like you to put me in a different room.
- Certainly, Madam. And I’m really sorry about all this. I’m sure it’s our fault. I do
apologise.

47. You have invited your English friend to a restaurant. H e would like to eat something
typically Hungarian. Now you are talking to him. You
■ recommend something that you also like
■ tell him what som e Hungarian dishes are like
■ help him to choose the dish to his taste
■ react naturally to your friend’s further questions

- What would you like to have, Jim?

- You know, János, now that I’m in Hungary, I would like to have something
typically Hungarian. What do you recommend?
- Well, let me check the menu again. My favourite is roast duck. It comes with
sauté potatoes and stewed cabbage.
- Umm, that sounds good, but I’m afraid it’s too fat for me now. I ’d rather have
something lighter if you don’t mind. What about this ‘Pince pörkölt’? Is it good?
- Excellent! But this is a really heavy dish. It’s actually beef and potatoes in gravy,
which is quite greasy. If you want to have a typical Hungarian meal, you won’t
get away with a light salad, you know.
- Anyway, let me just have something simple this time. W hat do you say to
‘Rakott burgonya’?
- It really is a simple dish. It’s called potato hot pot and it looks very much like a
steak pie. It contains layers of potatoes, meat, boiled eggs and sour cream. I’m
sure you’ll like it.
- OK then. I’ll settle for a ‘Potato hot pot’. What does it come with?
- You can have any kind of salads or pickles to go with it. If I were you, I’d have it
with pickled gherkins.
- Sounds fine to me.

48. You are walking in the street when you are stopped by a foreigner who wants to get
to a particular place in your town. Now you are talking to him. You
■ give him the directions to the place he wants to go to
■ tell him which is the best way to choose
■ tell him where the stop is
■ tell him where to buy the ticket and how to handle it
■ react naturally to his further questions

- Excuse me, can you tell me which is the quickest way to Kossuth Street?
- By taxi, of course. But you’ll never get a taxi at this time of the day. It’s peak
time now.
- Well, how do you think I could get to Kossuth Street, then?

- Where exactly are you going to in Kossuth Street?

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- Er, near Erkel Street.

- Then what you need is tram 63. It goes down Kossuth Street and you’ll see the
junction after the fourth stop.
- Thank you. And where is the nearest stop for 63?

- From here? Let me see. It’s about a two-minute walk. Go along this street for
about two hundred metres then turn into Bartók Street. On the left you’ll see a
big Post office and the bus stop is right on the opposite corner to the Post office.
You can’t miss it.

- Thank you. Can I get the ticket on the tram?

- You can, but it’s more expensive. If I were you, I ’d buy the ticket at the kiosk.
It’s over there, right outside the cinema.

- And what do I do with the ticket?

- W hen you get on the tram, you will have to validate your ticket by putting it into
a slot machine and punching it. If there is an inspector coming, you’ll be
expected to show the punched/validated ticket to him.

- Thank you very much indeed.

- Not at all.

49. You a re in E ngland an d you want to buy a video cam era. N ow you a re talking to the
sh op assistant. You
■ tell him you do not exactly know what kind o f cam era you want
■ ask him how the cam era he is showing you works
■ ask him abou t the price
■ ask him i f you can pay by credit card
■ react naturally to what the shop assistant is saying

- Are you being attended to, Sir?

- No, I ’m ju st having a look round.

- That’s all right. Is there anything special you are looking for?

- Well, ... actually ... a video camera.

- How much are you thinking of spending?

- I don’t really know, ... but definitely not more than £ 200.

- W hat do you think of this one? It’s small and it’s handy for close shots.

- Yes, it’s very much what I had in mind. Let me see. ... W hat is this button on
the front for?

- This is to switch the camera on.

- Oh, and what is this handle on the side, here. W hat is this for?

- Ju s t to adjust the focus.

- Isn’t it automatic?

- Not for this price, Sir.

- Why? How much is i t ?

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- It’s £ 199.
- Mmm. That sounds reasonable. I think I’ll take it.
- Will you be wanting a cassette?
- Yes, I suppose so.
- Here you are. That’ll be £ 205 in all, £ 199 for the video camera and £ 6 for the
cassette.
- Can I pay by credit card, please?
- Certainly, Sir.

50. You have called your English friend to invite her out fo r a trip at the weekend. Now
you are talking to her. You
■ invite her fo r the trip
■ react naturally to her refusal
■ suggest another time
■ tell her where you are planning to go
■ agree on what to take with you

- Hallo. This is Károly Végh here. Can I speak to Jane, please?

- Hi, Karcsi. This is Jane speaking. How are you?

- Fine, thanks. I'm phoning to invite you out for the weekend. Can you come for a
trip with me on Saturday?

- I’d love to but I’ve got to work, I’m afraid.

- How about Sunday?

- I’m awfully sorry, but I ’ve already fixed an appointment with my friend, Julie,
for Sunday evening.

- Don’t worry, we’ll be back by 6 o’clock at the latest.

- Where are you planning to go?

- There’s a lookout in the nearby hills about 10 miles away from here. We might
as well walk it. And if the weather stays like this for the weekend, I’m sure, we’ll
have a wonderful time.
- That sounds good. I need to get away from work a bit, anyway. W hat shall I take
with me?
- It’s good to have some drink at hand. ... Yes, and a mackintosh ... just in case.
And remember to put on comfortable walking shoes.

- Anything to eat?
- No food at all. It’s a nuisance to carry and, anyway, there are some good
restaurants on the way. We could pop into one or another any time we get
peckish.
- All right then. When and where shall we meet?
- Let’s meet at the filling station near your home at 6 in the morning.
- Right then. See you on Sunday morning.

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51. You a re callin g you r E n glish friend. N ow you a r e talkin g to h e r o n th e p h o n e. Y ou

■ tell h er you can n ot g o an d h av e din n er with h er
■ ap olo g ise a n d give h er a g o o d reason why
■ inform h er abou t the situation
■ react naturally to w hat you r frien d is saying

- 486789.
- This is M arta, here. Is th a t you, Fiona?
- Yes, it’s me. Hello, M arta.
- Hello, Fiona. Sorry to be ringing so late, but I’m afraid I won’t be able to com e
to dinner tomorrow.
- Come on, I ’ve bought five pounds of beef and tons o f vegetables fo r our dinner.
W hat am I supposed to do with so much food?
- I really am sorry. It’s not my fault. My daughter is not feeling well.
- Oh dear, what's up with her?
- I don’t know. She is feeling sick and she’s got a pain in h e r stom ach. S h e m u st
have eaten something.
- W hen did it all start?
- Ju s t this afternoon. She was all right when she left for school th is m orning, but
when she came home she looked pale and she already fe lt awful. I should think
she’s got indigestion.
- Has she seen the doctor yet?
- No, not yet. I had hoped the whole thing would wear o ff in an hour or two, but
actually, it seems to be getting worse.
- Don’t hesitate to call the doctor, then.
- Yes, of course I will.
- And let me know if there’s anything I can do.
- Thanks very much, Fiona.

52. During you r stay in E ngland you bought a radio. N ot m uch later y ou rea lised th a t
there is som ething wrong with it, so you took it back to the shop. N ow you a r e
talking to the shop assistant. You
■ tell him when you bought the radio
■ tell him w hat the problem is with it
■ a sk him i f it could be replaced
■ react naturally to what the shop assistant is saying

- Good morning. I ’ve got a bit of a problem.

- Yes, Sir?
- You see, it’s this radio. I bought it from you yesterday. Do you rem em ber?

- Did I serve you?

- Yes, it was you. Anyway, there seems to be something wrong with the rem ote
control. It won’t work.

- Really?

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- Yes, so I’d be grateful if you could give me another control unit or have this one
fixed if that’s possible.
- Can I have a look at it?
- Yes, here you are.
- Did you drop it, by any chance?
- Well, let me think, er ..., actually... now that you’ve mentioned it ... I think I did.
And the batteries fell out.
- I can see that. You’ve put them back the wrong way.
- Oh, have I? It’s awfully stupid of me. I just don’t know what to say. I do apologise.

53. During your stay in England you developed a terrible p a in in your gum. You decided
to go to the dentist and now you are talking to him. You
■ tell him what the matter is with you
■ tell him how it all started
■ describe your symptoms to him
■ react naturally to the dentist’s further questions

- Good morning. W hat’s the matter?

- I ’ve got a terrible pain in my gum. I think it’s my wisdom tooth coming through.

- How long has this been going on?

- Well, it started about a month ago, when my gum was throbbing for a day or
two. Then it all stopped and I thought it would be all right. B ut the throbbing
came on again last week and the pain started yesterday. I haven’t been able to
eat anything for quite a while now since my throat is terribly swollen.

- Open your mouth, please. ... Yes, I’m afraid you’ll have to go to hospital with
this. Your wisdom tooth needs extracting.

- I don’t think I can stay away from the course for more than a couple of hours.
Couldn’t you do it for me straight away?

- W hat do you mean?

- I mean, couldn’t you ju st make a little incision in the gum?

- Well, the problem is that your gum is very much inflamed. So if I incised it, it
would hurt a lot.

- Never mind the pain, doctor. I want to get it over with as soon as possible.

- Are you sure you’ll be all right?

- Of course I will. Ju s t go ahead.

54. You a re in a shop in B ritain an d you want to buy a p a ir o f trousers fo r yourself.

N ow you a re talking to the shop assistan t You
■ tell h er w hat you want
■ ask h er w here to fin d the changing room
■ ask h er i f they could turn them up
■ ask abou t the price a n d say you fin d it too m uch
■ react naturally to what the shop assistant is saying
 S IT U A T IU in ö

- W hat can I do for you?

- I'm looking for a pair of orange trousers. I think I wear size ten.
- I can do the size, but I ’m afraid I can’t do the colour.
- I don’t mind the colour that much. Actually, any shade o f red will do.
- The red trousers are on this counter and here is a size ten.
- Yes, these are very nice and as far as I can see they are w ashable. Can I try
them on?
- Certainly.
- W here is the fitting room?
- Over there by the small round counter.
- They seem to fit but the legs sure a bit long. Can you turn them up fo r me?
- Y es, we can alter them for you. Do you like the width o f the trousers?
- I suppose so. How much are they?
- £50.
- Oh, they a bit too expensive.
- They are fashion trousers, Madam, and compared to the prices in other shops
they are a good buy.
- Really? I think I’ll settle for something less fashionable then.

55. You w ork a t the E con om ic D epartm ent o f a big m ulti-national com pan y. You n ee d to
get an ap plication form signed by the com pan y’s E n glish rep resen tativ e today. N ow
you a re talking to his secretary on the phon e. You
■ tell h er who you a re an d why you a re callin g
■ tell h er that it is urgent an d say why
■ inform h er that you will call later
■ react naturally to w hat the secretary is saying

- Good morning. I ’d like to speak to Mr Hartley, if I may.

- I’m afraid Mr Hartley is out at the moment. W ho is th at calling, please?
- My name’s Miss Reed, from the Economic D epartm ent of C ontinental M otors.
Would you mind taking a message for Mr Hartley, please?
- Yes, certainly.
- Can you tell him to ring me back as soon as he gets back? It’s really urgent.
- W ait a minute, I’ll find out when he comes back. ... I ’m afraid he won’t be back
till this afternoon.
- That’s too late for me. W here do you think I could find him now.
- I’m sorry, I can’t tell you, Miss Reed.
- Listen, there is an application form here, which has to be signed by M r Hartley as
soon as possible. The deadline for handing it in is today. And he knows about this.
- All I can do is tell him that you rang.

- All right then. Please do so. Still, I think I ’ll call again in h alf an hour.

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56. You and your English friend have just come out o f the cinema. You have seen a film
that you did not like at all. Now you are talking to your friend. You
■ tell your friend what you think about the film
■ give at least two reasons why you think the film was bad
■ tell him why you were bored
■ react naturally to what your friend is saying

- How did you enjoy the film?

- I think it was awful. I’d never have come if I had known it was going to be so
stupid.

- What did you find stupid about it?

- Well, the whole story was absurd. I don’t think anything like this could ever
happen to anyone. I wish we hadn’t stayed till the end. It was a waste of time
and money.
- Well, it wasn’t as bad as all that.

- Yes it was. And you know that as well as I do.

- Actually, the acting was quite good.

- W hat do you mean? There weren’t any popular actors or actresses in it. Not a
single one of my favourites.

- That doesn’t mean that the acting was bad.

- Well, yes, I think you have a point there. But the plot! I got so confused right at
the beginning that I was simply unable to make out what was happening. To tell
you the truth, I was bored stiff and I could hardly wait for it to end.

- Oh, poor you. Why didn’t you say so?

- Don’t tell me you would’ve left for my sake.

- Not really. Actually, ... er ... I quite liked it.

57. You are a visitor to a sm all town in England. You want to go out to the theatre
tonight so you go to a booking office to ask about the perform ances. Now you are
talking to the clerk there. You
■ ask her what she could recommend
■ tell her which play you prefer
■ tell her where you would like to sit
■ ask her about the price o f the ticket
■ react naturally to the clerk’s further questions

- Good morning. Could you recommend a good performance for tonight? You
know I’m a visitor here and I don’t know what’s on.
- Well, there’s a comic show, a musical and a straight play. Which one would you
prefer?

- I think I’d like the straight play best.

- Yes, and where would you like to sit?

- In any of the first few rows in the stalls.

- I’m afraid we haven’t got any tickets left in the stalls.

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- W hat about the dress circle then?

- The dress circle is all right. Here you are. R ight in the middle.

- G reat! How much do I pay for the ticket?

- T h a t’ll be £ 20.

- Here you are.

- Thank you very much.

58. You h a d a n appoin tm en t to m eet you r frien d a t 5. T raffic, h ow ever, h a s d ela y ed y o u

a n d y ou a r e a n h o u r late. N ow you a re talkin g to y o u r frien d . You
■ a p o lo g ise to h e r fo r bein g late
■ give h e r a g o o d rea so n why
■ tell h er you w ere very anxious y ou rself
■ react n atu rally to w hat sh e is saying

- I ’m awfully sorry I ’m late.

- W ell, you should’ve let me know you were going to be so late. I t ’s been ra th e r
chilly standing out here.

- I didn’t know th at myself. A t the underground station I had to queue up for the
ticket, because I realised th at my season tick et had run out and I had no change
for the slot machine.
- Really?
- Y es and when I came out of the underground and got on the bus, i t was craw ling
along a t 2 0 kilom etres an hour. I was beside m yself with rage.
- You should’ve taken a taxi.
- Actually, I nearly did. B ut it wouldn’t have been any faster. T h ere was such a
jam on the road.
- It m ust have been peak period.
- Yes it was. So I decided to take the bus after all. Ju s t im agine! I t took m e 4 0
minutes to get here.
- You should’ve counted on that.
- Of course I should have. But I didn’t. I’m ever so stupid. How can I m ake i t up
to you now?

- Never mind. L et’s go and have a hot tea to warm us up.

59. You w ould lik e to travel fro m L o n d o n to C am bridge. N o w y ou a r e ta lk in g to th e

bookin g clerk a t the railw ay station. You
■ tell him w here you w ould like to g o a n d w hat k in d o f ticket y ou w ant
■ tell him w here you would like to sit on the train
■ a sk him w hen exactly the train leav es a n d w hich p la tfo rm it lea v es fr o m
■ a sk him i f you n eed to ch an g e anyw here
■ a sk him a b ou t the tim e o f arrival

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- A cheap return to Cambridge, please.

- Right, Madam. Which class?
- Second. I’d like a seat by the window in a non-smoker, facing the engine, if I could.
- Yes, here you are.
- W hat time does the train start exactly?
- At 5 o’clock sharp.
- And which platform is it?
- It’s platform 6.
- Where can I find number 6, please?
- When you go out of the booking-office, you turn right and you’ll see the
platforms there. They are all numbered. You can’t miss 6.
- Is it a through train or do I change?
- It’s a through train. You don’t have to change anywhere.
- Great! And what time does it arrive in Cambridge, please?
- At a quarter to seven.
- Thank you very much indeed.
- Not at all.

60. You and your English friend have been invited to a party. Your friend, however, does
not know the people present, so now you are saying a few words about them before
you introduce your friend. You
• tell her about the blonde girl (who she is, what sh e is like)
■ tell her about the man sitting next to h er
* tell her about the boy standing by the window
■ tell her about the girl at the table
■ react naturally to your frien d’s further questions

- Helen, do you know all of these people?

- Most of them, yes. They are a nice lot. Let’s go and meet them.

- Could you ju st tell me first who they are and then introduce me to them?

- All right. Can you see the blonde girl sitting by the stove, wearing a red dress
and a black scarf with a smile on her face?

- Yes, she looks rather glamorous.

- Now, she is Ja k e ’s girlfriend.

- Oh, really? And the chap sitting next to her?

- He’s Tony, a photographer. He’s a jolly character. But stay away from him if you
can. He is said to be a womaniser.

- Come on! I don’t think I’d be in danger.

- Now, the boy standing by the window... Can you see him?

- Do you mean the one in a striped jacket?

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- Yes, yes the one with a beard and a moustache. He’s an old friend of mine. He’s
a nice chap, but he hates parties. He says he’s come for my sake. Actually, he’s a
party pooper.
- And what about the girl at the table? With long dark hair and glasses?
- Oh, Jenny, she’s great. She’s a lot of fun. I ’m sure you’ll like her. She’ll be very
friendly.

- Well, they all seem nice, don’t they.

- Why don’t you come over and meet them? I’ll introduce you to them.

- All right. Let’s go.

61. Your English friend is going to the shops and she offers to do the shopping fo r you
too. Now you are talking to your friend. You
■ thank her fo r doing the shopping for you
■ tell her what you need from the baker’s
■ from the greengrocer’s
■ from the supermarket
■ react naturally to what she is saying

- Hello, Zsuzsi. I’m going to the shops. If there’s anything you need I could buy it
for you.

- That’s very kind of you, Wendy. Are you sure you don’t mind doing the shopping
for me?

- Not at all. I like shopping, you know. And I ’d like to find my way around here a
little bit.

- That’s great, then. Now, let’s see. I need five large rolls. If you could get them
from the baker’s ... so they are nice and fresh.
- OK, I will.

- Two heads of lettuce from the greengrocer’s.

- Right. Anything else from there?
- Yes, some fruit. A kilo of apples and three big peaches. I think the rest could be
bought at the supermarket.
- Which supermarket do you mean?

- I like the one at the corner of Viola Street and Ady Street. It’s opposite the
greengrocer’s. You can’t miss it.

- What shall I get you from the supermarket?

- A tub of margarine, a carton of yoghurt, half a litre of long-life milk, a packet of

flour and a tube of paprika paste.
- Hang on a minute, I’ll have to jot this down.
- Here’s a piece of paper.
- Right then. I’ll be off now.
- That’s lovely. Thank you very much.
- See you in an hour.

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62. Your next door neighbour is an Englishman an d since you a re going out tonight you
want to ask him to look after your baby. Now you are talking to him. You
■ tell him what you want (be polite)
■ tell him when you need baby-sitting fo r
■ tell him what he should do if the baby w akes up
■ thank him fo r his kindness
■ react naturally to the neighbour’s further questions

- Hello, Dan. I’d like to ask you a favour.

- Yes?

- I wonder whether you could look after my baby.

- Well, that would depend on when.

- Actually, it’s tonight. We are going to the theatre, you know.

- I’d like to say yes, but, as a matter of fact, I’m not much of a baby-sitter.

- Never mind that. She’ll have gone to sleep by the time we leave.

- Is she likely to wake up?

- No, I don’t think so. She doesn’t usually.

- And what if she does?

- Don’t worry about it. Ju st pick her up and give her the dummy.

- Will she cry, do you think? I never know what to do with crying babies.

- If she should cry, just give her a little bit of a cuddle and she’ll go back to sleep.

- Shall I feed her by any chance?

- I don’t think she’ll be hungry. But I’ll put out some milk on the table ... just in
case.

- Yes, that’d be wise.

- Now, do you think you could come over in about an hour's time?

- Right. I’ll be there.

- Thanks a lot. That’s very kind of you.

63. You are a hypochondriac type o f person and even during your stay in England you
decide to go to the doctor’s. Now you are talking to him. You
■ tell him what kinds o f diseases you are suffering from
■ tell him about the many symptoms that you have
■ tell him about the accident you have had recently
■ react naturally to the doctor’s further questions

- Good morning, Doctor!

- Good morning! W hat’s the matter with you? You look a bit off-colour.

- I seem to be suffering from all possible diseases: I have insomnia, indigestion

and diarrhoea. I keep getting blinding headaches and sharp pains in my lower
back. To make things even worse, I’ve caught a cold, I’ve got a rather sore
throat, I’m constantly sneezing and coughing and I feel feverish.
 S IT U A T IO N S

- And what about these rashes around your mouth?

- Yes, I ’ve had them for a day or two. Actually, I can’t stop scratching this place
on my chin. And on top of all that I had an accident the other day and I
developed a big bump on the back of my head. Do you think it m ight be m ore
than a bruise?

- W ell, let me examine you first and give you the diagnosis later.

- Yes, doctor, I ’m sorry. You know, I’m ju st so much afraid th a t th e re ’s som ething
wrong with my heart too!

- Rubbish. You may be a bit run down, but nothing m ore serious than that.

64. You a r e staying in E n g lan d fo r the sum mer. N ow you r E n g lish fr ien d a n d y ou a r e
w alkin g in town a n d a re talkin g abou t the w eather in B rita in a n d in H ungary. You
■ tell h im you a re d isappoin ted abou t tod ay ’s w eath er
■ tell him abou t the w eather in Hungary in sum m er
■ tell h im abou t the w eather in H ungary in winter
■ react naturally to w hat your frien d is saying

- Thank God, it seem s to be clearing up.

- Actually, I had thought it would get much warmer today. A t lea st th a t’s what the
weather fo recast said this morning.

- You can never tru st the weather when you are in B ritain . I t ’s so unpredictable.

- It m ust be the wind that makes it feel so cold. I'm freezing.

- Yes, it’s fairly cold for the season. Still, it’s a big im provem ent on what we had
yesterday.

- T h at’s right. W ell, in Hungary, we have a very different clim ate with long spells
o f hot weather and blue skies in summer. Som etim es the countryside gets
parched during the dry days in August.

- U nfortunately, we don’t have long, hot summers like you do. And w hat about the
winters?

- Our w inters can be really cold with blizzards and frost. B u t som etim es, it’s nice
and sunny in winter when you can go out to ski, skate o r toboggan. Children love
that. But, ... why don’t we go inside? It’s not much fun standing out here, even if
it is said to be summer.

- OK. L e t’s go in and have a drink.

65. You a r e in E n g la n d a n d you h a v e taken a taxi fro m th e sta tio n to th e h o tel w h ere
you a r e staying. You a r e su rprised to h e a r th at the fa r e is £ 3 0 . N o w you a r e ta lk in g
to the taxi driver. You
■ express y ou r d is b elief a t the am ou n t o f the fa r e (b e p o lite first)
■ express y o u r an g er w hen you fe el h e w on ’t yield
■ threaten to report it to the p o lice
■ react naturally to w hat the driver is saying

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- You owe me £ 30.

- Thirty pounds? Are you sure?
- Absolutely. You owe me £ 30. That’s the full fare.
- You must be joking. It can’t be that expensive.
- Well, it seems to be.
- £ 30? Do you take me for a fool? Only last week I took a taxi from the station to
this hotel. I know how much the trip should cost.
- Well, ... you know ... look ...
- I have a good mind to call the police.

- Please, don’t do that. I’ve just misread the meter. Look, it’s altogether three
pounds. And you are right, this trip isn’t worth more than that.

- You don’t have to tell me that. I may be a foreigner, but I do know my way
around here.

- Yes, Sir.

66. You are a sk ed by a tourist in B udapest how to m ake a telephone call from a public
p h o n e box in Hungary. Now you are trying to help him. You
■ tell him what to do first when he enters the box
■ tell him w hat kin d o f tone he will h ear
■ tell him w hat num ber to d ial first an d what com es next
■ react naturally to the foreign er’s further questions

- Excuse me, can you tell me how to use this telephone? W hatever I do, I can’t get
through.

- Certainly. Now, let’s pick up the receiver and insert your card into this slot.
Listen, can you hear the dialling tone?

- Y es, I think so.

- Right then. W hat’s the number you wish to speak to?

- I t’s 262 487.

- And what’s the area code?

- Area code? W hat do you mean? I haven’t got any more numbers here.

- T here’s a code for each area. L et’s check it in the directory. Right. So you first
dial 06, which is for long distance calls. Then you hear a kind of musical sound.
Here we go. ... Listen. ... Now you dial the area code and the number you want
to speak to. That’s it.

- W hat’s happening? Is it ringing?

- I ’m afraid the line is engaged. Let’s put down the receiver for the time being and
you could try again in a minute or two.

- Thank you very much.

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67. You a r e w alkin g in the street when you m eet a n o ld E n g lish fr ien d o f yours. N o w
you a r e talkin g to her. You
■ tell h er it is a lon g tim e sin ce you last m et
■ tell h er w here you a re goin g
■ a sk h er i f sh e cou ld jo in you
■ ag ree on a tim e that you could m eet
■ react naturally to w hat you r frien d is saying

- Hi Ja n e . It’s so nice to see you again. You are quite a stranger. W here have you
been?

- I ’ve been away for a while.

- I see. Ja n e , I am ju st going to have dinner somewhere. Now, ... would you like to
come with me?

- I ’d love to, but I'm afraid I can’t. I have to m eet Ja c k a t seven. T hanks all the
same.

- Listen. W hy don’t we get together tomorrow? The two of us, and go fo r a coffee
or som ething. W e haven’t had a good chat for ages now.

- W ell, I don’t think I ’ll still be here tomorrow.

- Come on, I won’t take no for an answer. W e really m ust talk a bit.

- All right then. I ’ll put off my trip till the day after tomorrow.

- G reat. W hen and where shall we meet?

- Outside the cafeteria, at five?

- Look. I ’m going by car. Shall I pick you up a t your place so you won’t have to
take a bus?

- T h at’s very kind of you.

68. You a r e expecting a guest to arrive a t three tom orrow . You, h ow ever, ca n n o t m eet
h e r a t the station. N ow you a re askin g you r E nglish frien d to h elp you out. Y ou
■ tell h im w hen the guest will arrive a t the station
■ tell him why you c a n ’t m eet h er
■ tell h im w hat sh e lo o k s like
■ tell h im w hat clothes sh e will be w earing
■ react naturally to w hat your frien d is saying

- Jam es! I wonder whether you could help me out tomorrow.

- Why? W h at’s the m atter?

- A friend of mine is coming to see me. S h e’ll arrive a t the station a t about th ree
p.m. It’s a very unfortunate coincidence, but I’ll have to go to an interview fo r a
new job at exactly three. Is there any chance o f you m eeting her a t the station?

- It depends on how pretty she is.

- Come on. Stop being silly. Otherwise, ... she really is very pretty.

- I think this would be all right, then. But, how can I recognise her?

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- She’s a twenty-four-year-old blonde. She has shoulder-length hair but she usually
wears it back combed in a pony-tail. At this time of the year her complexion will
be quite tanned, and she’ll probably be wearing some make-up on her eyes and
lips. She’s slim and she is rather on the short side.

- Do you know what she’ll be wearing?

- I’m afraid I don’t. W hat I know is that her favourite colour is white and that she
loves wearing tight trousers and short tops. When the weather is cooler, she
usually puts on a black cardigan. And her sandals or shoes will probably be high-
heeled.
- OK, a pretty, short, slim, fair-haired woman in white. I won’t miss her.

69. Your English friend has been rather tense and exhausted recently. N ow you are
talking to him. You
■ suggest that he consults a doctor
■ give your reasons why
■ tell him what you think h e would need
■ offer your help
■ react naturally to what your friend is saying

- You look rather strained and washed out, Alan. You’d better stop work for a
while or you’ll have a crack-up.
- Don’t exaggerate, Dénes. There’s nothing the matter with me, really. It’s just
that I seem to have caught a bug.

- Well, if I were you I’d consult a doctor, anyway.

- But I have. He gave me a thorough check-up the other day.

- And what did he say?

- He said there was nothing wrong with me and that I would live till I was a
hundred.

- Why do you look so much off-colour, then?

- Actually, he also said that I must be overtired.

- Overtired? That’s an understatement. You are absolutely run down. W hat you
would really need is a nice long holiday to recharge your batteries.

- You know I can’t leave my job at the moment.

- That’s ridiculous. I’m sure you could find a way for yourself to go away
somewhere for a while if you really wanted to. I ’d gladly replace you.
- Would you really?

- Of course, I would.

- Well, let me think it over, and I’ll tell you later.

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70. Your frien d a n d you a re in England. You w ant to rent a c a r f o r y o u r trav els a ro u n d
the country. N ow you a re talkin g to the assistant. You
■ tell him h ow lon g you w ant the c a r fo r
■ tell him w hat c a r you n eed
■ a sk him abou t the costs
■ a sk abou t the insurance
■ react naturally to the a ssista n t’s fu rth er qu estion s

- Can I help you?

- Yes, I wanted to enquire about hiring a car for a week or so.

- W hat kind of car would you like to have?

- I was thinking about a medium-sized one. It’s ju s t fo r th e two o f us, you know.
Now, can you tell me the basic cost?

- The daily rate is £ 32 and the weekly is £ 189.

- W hat about VAT? Is th at included?

- No, I ’m afraid it’s not included. You would have to add 15% to the price.

- And how about insurance? Is that included in the hire charge?

- Yes, yes th a t’s all included.

- F air enough. W ill I be able to have a car for next week?

- Yes, I suppose so. Is your driving licence valid?

- Certainly. There’s no problem there.

- Good. All you have to do now is fill in this form.

- Thank you very much.

- It’s my p leasu re

V O CABULARY L IS T
1. long time no see ezer éve nem láttalak
How are things going? Hogy állnak a dolgok?
as pretty as ever csinosabb, m int valaha
to suit, -ed illik, jó l áll
to lose one’s looks kevésbé jó l néz ki, elveszti a fo rm á já t

2. say hello from me to him üdvözöld a nevem ben

recovery felépülés
in fact valójában
for sure biztosan
3. classmate osztálytárs
I see értem
You know what? Tudod m it?
4. nuisance teher, kellem etlenség
to cost, cost, cost a fortune egy vagyonba kerül
four-course lunch négyfogásos ebéd
to take the trouble veszi a fárad ságot
to tell the truth az igazat megvallva

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5. to be on műsoron van
testpaper in maths matekdolgozat
whole teljes, egész
strict szigorú
some other time vmikor máskor
I’ll keep you to that! Szavadon foglak!
6. anyway akárhogyis
altogether itt: teljesen
loss veszteség
gain nyereség
champagne pezsgő

7. to make a fool out of sy bolondot csinál vkiből

to have sg on van rajta vmi
huge big óriási
suitcase bőrönd
to refuse, -ed visszautasít
chilly csípős, hűvös

8. What’s up? Mi a helyzet? Mi baj?

midnight éjfél
to sit up for sy nem fekszik le, megvár vkit ébren

9. to move, -d to elköltözik vhova

to settle, -d down letelepedni
wise bölcs
doorstep küszöb
to have everything on the doorstep minden könnyen elérhető
well supplied jól ellátott
comfort komfort
electricity villany
to admit, -ted elismer, beismer
vast óriási
distance távolság
department store áruház
to pop, -ped into beugrik

10. enormous óriási

sum of money pénzösszeg
loan kölcsön
managed to sikerült
to do one’s share kiveszi a részét
unbelievable hihetetlen
neatly szépen, rendesen
to turn sg into sg átalakít vmit vmivé
attic padlás
all modern conveniences összkomfort
to be proud of sg büszke vmire

11. to answer the door kinyitja az ajtót

worried aggódó
to make an appointment találkozót beszél meg
to ring, rang, rung the bell csenget
corridor folyosó

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to be on
be van kapcsolva
as if mintha
to sound, ed hangzik
worrying aggasztó
12. to rearrange, -d átrendez
to have a good taste in sg jó ízlése van vmihez
interior design lakberendezés
wall unit szekrénysor
to replace, -d lecserél, felvált
lilac halványlila
to hang, hung, hung lóg, akaszt
13. I wonder érdekelne
places of interest nevezetességek
architecture építészet
event esemény, rendezvény
to organize, -d szervez, rendez
tournament harci játék
to surround, -ed körülvesz
to be full of sg tele van vmivel
14. plot of land telek
to develop, -ed kifejleszt
to mess, -ed about tesz-vesz, babrál
vegetable plot zöldséges kert
to hoe, -d kapál
to dig, dug, dug ás
soil talaj
relaxing pihentető
boring unalmas
what’s more sőt mi több
to grow, grew, grown termel
Now you are talking! Miért nem ezzel kezdted?
on top of all that mindennek tetejébe
extremely rendkívüli módon
in the open air a szabad levegőn

15. basement alagsor, pinceszint

in fact valójában
whatever you want amit csak óhajt
to let, let, let kiad
16. recommend, -ed ajánl
if I were in your place ha a helyedben lennék
far more sokkal több
to do the odd jobs around the house megcsinálja a ház körüli munkákat
moreover sőt mi több
tidy rendes, tiszta
that’s very true így igaz
to adjust oneself to sv alkalmazkodik vkihez
life-style életmód
in general általában véve
to heat, -ed fűt

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cosy kényelmes
by any chance véletlenül
I can’t stand ki nem állhatom

17. to be in two minds about sg nem tud dönteni vmiben

definitely határozottan
dining-recess ebédlősarok
household gadgets háztartási eszközök
pots and pans fazekak és lábasok
to take up a lot of space sok helyet foglal el
household appliances háztartási eszközök
to have a kitchen built konyhát építtet
dishwasher mosogatógép

18. wall-to-wall carpet/ fitted carpet padlószőnyeg

advisable tanácsos
to cover, -ed befed, betakar
to wear, wore, worn elhasználódik, tönkremegy
in no time egy pillanat alatt
comings and goings jövés-menés
to spill, spilt, spilt (or: -ed) kiönt
covering burkolat
parquet floor parketta
a carpet or two néhány szőnyeg
to convince, -d meggyőz

19. nearby közeli

look-out tower kilátótorony
magnificent gyönyörű, pazar
to suppose, -d feltételez
we had better jobban tennénk
naturally természetszerűleg
instead helyette
to join, -ed sy csatlakozni vkihez

20. to give, gave, given a party bulit rendez

workmate munkatárs
classmate osztálytárs
to make it sikerül odaérnie
whatever you wish amit csak kívánsz
party game társasjáték
21. home-made házi, otthon készített
fattening hizlaló
to put on weight hízik
to be on a diet fogyókúrán van
that is ugyanis
recipe recept (ételé)
to contain, -ed tartalmazni
delicious ízletes, finom
22. to pour, -ed tölt, önt
It’s ages since we last met. Ezer éve nem találkoztunk.
to celebrate, -d megünnepel

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sudden hirtelen, váratlan

appearance m egjelenés
23. to help with one’s coat lesegíti a k ab átját
to feel like sg kedve lenne meginni/ m egenni vm it
slice szelet
favourite kedvenc
brand fajta, m árka
some úgy kb.
to m anage, -d sikerül
well done nagyszerű, ügyes
24. I ca n ’t m ake it nem tudom m egoldani
to put, put, put off elhalaszt
at such sh o rt notice ilyen rövid határidővel
to pick sy up elmegy vkiért
superb nagyszerű
25. to have sg in mind vm ire gondol
week today mához egy h étre
otherw ise különben, egyébként
to run, ran , run out kifogy, elfogy
as far as I know m ár am ennyire én tudom
to suggest, -ed javasol
row sor
loud hangos
A re you kidding? Tréfálsz?
it’s no use nincs értelm e
fo r your sake a kedvedért
26. for your inform ation csak hogy tudd/ tu d ja
sick beteg
to lie, lay, lain in bed ágyban fekszik
to take a day off kivesz egy nap szab ad ság o t
let me know tu dassa velem
in due tim e kellő időben
27. job cen tre m unkaközvetítő
recently m ostanában
reasonable elfogadható
th ere is a chance of van rá leh ető ség
retrain in g átképzés
field te rü le t
tourism idegenforgalom
28. to ad vertise, -d m eghird et
local paper helyi lap
to m ake enqu iries érdeklődik
personnel m anag er szem élyzeti vezető
to find, found, found out k id erít
detail részlet
varied változatos
to requ ire, -d igényel
sacrifice áldozat
occasionally id őnk én t
SITUATIONS

working hours munkaidő

salary fizetés
before tax adólevonás nélkül
to hold, held, held tart
post állás, poszt
to let sy know tudatja vkivel
to make up one’s mind elhatározza magát
29. to hand in one’s notice benyújtja a felmondását
to take up a job új állásba lép
to go off one’s head megőrül
just on the contrary pont ellenkezőleg
to consider, -ed tekintetbe vesz
a long way messze
season ticket bérlet
as far as I know már amennyire én tudom
working conditions munkakörülmények
what’s more sőt mi több
to tell the truth az igazat megvallva
fringe benefits szociális juttatások
to include, -d magában foglal
to do without sg megvan vmi nélkül
to rush headlong into sg elkapkodni vmit
to do well virágzik, jól megy
rumour has it beszélik
to privatize, -d privatizál
to lay, laid, laid off elbocsát

30. head of department osztályvezető

personally személyesen
to complete, -d elkészít, befejez
to check, -ed ellenőriz, megnéz
I wouldn’t like to be in your shoes. Nem szeretnék a helyedben lenni.
I had better jobban tenném, ha
to hurry, hurried up sietni

31. colleague/workmate munkatárs

completely tökéletesen
to be new to új vhol
difficulty nehézség
in the beginning kezdetben
obviously nyilvánvalóan
to solve, -d megold
to hesitate, -d habozik
right away azonnal

32. management vezetés

flexible rugalmas
actually ténylegesen
whenever amikor csak
requirement elvárás, követelmény
we are to be here elvárják tőlünk, hogy itt legyünk
naturally természetszerűleg

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33. ideally az lenne az ideális

to pack in becsomagol, berak
to make sure meggyőződik vmiről
sharp itt: pontosan
to miss, -ed lekésni
that is ugyanis
to trust, -ed sy bízik vkiben
34. Would you be so kind as to...? Lenne olyan szíves...?
sight látnivaló, látvány
cathedral székesegyház
holy trinity szentháromság
episcopal palace püspöki palota
look-out kilátó
bastion bástya
baroque barokk
indeed igazán, valóban
to owe, -d tartozni
change aprópénz
35. tobacconist’s dohánybolt
newsagent’s újságos
ticket-office jegyváltó
You should have bought one. Vennie kellett volna egyet.
inspector ellenőr
to pull the handle meghúzza a kart
like this így
to punch, -ed kilyukaszt
to validate érvényesít
36. to change for átszáll
to run, ran run közlekedik
to take long sokáig tart
obviously nyilvánvalóan
to save time időt megtakarít
not at all nem tesz semmit
37. to turn into a street befordul egy utcába
to miss, -ed eltéveszt
conspicuous szembetűnő
38. to fill, -ed up teletölt
unleaded petrol ólommentes benzin
distilled water desztillált víz
to refill, -ed újratölt
battery akkumulátor
Will this do? Ez megfelel?
brand árufajta
to go up felmegy
A little bird told me. Csiripelték a verebek.
39. to see to sg utánanéz, megnéz
to pull, -ed húz
properly megfelelően
banging sound kopogó hang

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engine motor
windscreen wiper ablaktörlő
to put sg right rendbehoz, helyretesz
some time vmikor
to cost, cost, cost kerül vmibe
approximately hozzávetőlegesen
to hazard a guess megkockáztat egy feltevést
at this stage most, jelenleg
to balance, -d centíroz
perfect tökéletes
40. theft lopás, eltulajdonítás
to report, -ed bejelent
what make milyen gyártmányú
burglar alarm riasztó
to install, -ed beszerel
yet mégis
state of repair állapot
dent horpadás
mudguard sárhányó
hole lyuk
windscreen szélvédő

41. to speed, -ed a megengedett sebességnél

gyorsabban hajt
speed limit sebességhatár
normally normális körülmények között
roadworks útépítés
at the moment jelenleg
sign tábla
I must have missed biztos nem vettem észre
otherwise különben
to take sg into consideration számításba vesz
attentive figyelmes
to fine, -d megbírságol

42. to join, -ed sy csatlakozik vkihez

an awful lot of people rengeteg ember
peak time (period) csúcsforgalmi időszak
particularly különösen
to admit, -ted elismer
under one roof egy fedél alatt
lipstick ajakrúzs
lager sörfajta

43. soft puha

to try, tried on felpróbál
changing-room próbafülke
rack fogas
to fit, -ted passzol, méretes
though bár
reasonable elfogadható
apart from sg eltekintve vmitől

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exactly pontosan
receipt blokk

44. all the time / the whole time állandóan

virtually gyakorlatilag
to hurt, hurt, hurt fájni
to lie, lay, lain down lefekszik
ointment kenőcs

45. much rather sokkal inkább

to have sg in mind vmire gondol
orchestral zenekari
they are not for me nem nekem valók, nem szeretem őket
to sound, -ed hangzik
perfect tökéletes
to book up for sg jegyet foglal vmire
Comedy of Errors Tévedések vígjátéka
to be on műsoron van
to get ready elkészül
performance előadás

46. to be satisfied elégedett

to make one’s booking lefoglal
room facing sg vmire néző szoba
extremely nagyon, rendkívüli módon
noisy zajos
single room with bath egyágyas, fürdőkádas szoba
shower zuhanyozó
strange furcsa, különös
what’s more sőt mi több
set készülék
at least legalább
it’s our fault a mi hibánk
I do apologise igazán elnézést kérek

47. typically tipikusan

to recommend, -ed ajánlani
to one’s taste ízlése szerint
to check, -ed ellenőriz, megnéz
menu étlap
favourite kedvenc
roast duck sült kacsa
sauté potatoes sült burgonya
stewed cabbage párolt káposzta
I ’d rather have inkább ennék
light könnyű
simple egyszerű
excellent kiváló
heavy dish nehéz étel
actually igazából, tulajdonképpen
gravy szaft
greasy zsíros
to get away with megússza vmivel
anyway akárhogy is

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What do you say to...? Mit szólsz a ...-hoz?

potato hot pot rakott burgonya
to look like... úgy néz ki, mint a...
steak pie rakott marhahús
layer réteg
sour cream tejfel
to settle for sg vminél megállapodik
to come with sg vmivel együtt adják
pickles savanyúság
to go with it hozzá, mellé
pickled gherkins savanyú uborka
48. to get a taxi taxit szerez
peak time/period csúcsidő
exactly pontosan
junction kereszteződés
stop megálló
to go along végigmegy
to turn into befordul
opposite ellenkező
you can’t miss it nem lehet eltéveszteni
kiosk trafik
outside előtt, kívül
to validate, -d érvényesít
slot machine jegykezelő automata
to punch, -ed kilyukaszt
inspector ellenőr
to expect, -ed elvár
punched/validated ticket lekezelt jegy
49. to attend to sb odafigyel, kiszolgál vkit
to have a look round körülnéz
to look for sg keresni vmit
actually valójában, igazából
to spend, spent, spent költeni
definitely határozottan
to be handy for sg alkalmas, megfelelő vmire
close shot közeli felvétel
it’s very much like sg nagyon hasonlít vmire
to have sg in mind gondol vmire
button gomb
to switch, -ed bekapcsol
handle far, fogantyú
on the side az oldalán
What is it for? Mire való?
to adjust, -ed beállít, megigazít
automatic automata
reasonable elfogadható, reális
I suppose so. Úgy hiszem, igen.
to pay by credit card hitelkártyával fizet
50. to invite sb out elhív vkit
trip túra, kirándulás

132
 How about Sunday? Ne és vasárnap?
awfully szörnyen
to fix an appointment találkozót lebeszél, lefixál
at the latest legkésőbb
lookout kilátó
nearby közeli
We might as well walk it. Akár gyalog is m ehetnénk.
If the weather stays like this... Ha ilyen marad az idő...
to have a wonderful time csodálatosan érzi m agát
to get away from work a bit egy kicsit kikapcsolódik a munkából
at hand kéznél
mackintosh esőkabát
ju st in case mindenesetre
to put on felvesz
walking shoes túracipő
at all egyáltalán
it’s a nuisance to carry kényelmetlen cipelni
on the way útközben
to pop in beugrik
peckish éhes
filling station benzintöltő állomás

51. come on ugyan már, ugyan menj m ár

pound font, kb. fél kiló
tons of rengeteg
W hat am I supposed to do? M it csináljak?
it’s not my fault nem az én hibám
W hat’s up with her? Mi van vele?
to feel sick hányingere van
to have a pain in one’s stomach fáj a gyomra
to leave for school elindul az iskolába
pale sápadt
indigestion gyomorrontás
to wear, wore, worn off elmúlik
to get worse rosszabbodik
to hesitate, -d habozni
let me know tudasd velem
52. a bit of a problem egy kis probléma
to serve, -d kiszolgál
there seem s to be som ething wrong úgy tűnik, hogy vmi baj van
remote control távirányító
it won’t work „nem hajlandó működni”, nem működik
grateful hálás
unit egység
to fix, -ed megjavít
to drop, -ped leejt
by any chance véletlenül
now that you’ve mentioned it most, hogy mondja
battery elem
to fall, fell, fell out kiesik
the wrong way helytelenül, fordítva
to apologise, -d mentegetőzik, elnézést kér

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53. What’s the matter? Mi a probléma?

terrible pain szörnyű fájdalom
gum íny
wisdom tooth bölcsességfog
to come through előbújik, jön
to go, went, gone on tart, zajlik
to throb, -bed lüktet
for a day or two egy-két napig
throbbing lüktetés
to come, came, come on előjön, jelentkezik
for quite a while egy jó ideje
since mivel
to be swollen meg van dagadva
to extract, -ed kihúz, eltávolít
to stay away from sg távol marad vhonnan, nem jár
a couple of hours néhány óráig
straight away azonnal
incision bemetszés, felvágás
to be inflamed be van gyulladva
to incise, -d bemetsz, felvág
to hurt, hurt, hurt fáj
to get it over with túlesik rajta
go ahead gyerünk, induljon, folytassa
54. W hat can I do for you? Mivel szolgálhatok?
to look for sg keresni
to wear, wore, worn hord, visel
size méret
I can do the size. A méretet tudom adni.
I don’t mind the colour that much. A szín annyira nem érdekel.
shade színárnyalat
it will do megjárja, megfelel
counter pult
as far as I can see már amennyire én látom, gondolom
washable mosható
to try, tried on felpróbál
fitting room próbafülke
to fit, -ted passzol, méretre jó
to turn, -ed up felhajt
to alter, -ed átalakít
width szélesség
I suppose so. Azt hiszem, igen.
fashion trousers divatnadrág
compared to sg összehasonlítva vmivel
it’s a good buy jó vétel
to settle for sg beéri vmivel, megállapodik vmi mellett
fashionable divatos

55. if I may ha lehet

to be out nem tartózkodik bent, házon kívül van
at the moment pillanatnyilag
economic department gazdasági osztály
to take a message üzenetet átvesz

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as soon as mihelyt
to get back visszaér
urgent sürgős
to find, found, found out kitalál, rájön
application form kérvény, folyamodvány
to sign, -ed aláír
as soon as possible amint lehetséges
deadline határidő
to hand, -ed in benyújt
still mégis

56. stupid ostoba

a waste of time időpocsékolás
after all tulajdonképpen
You know that as well as I do. Te épp olyan jól tudod, m int én.
acting játék, szereplés
popular népszerű
favourite kedvenc
not a single one egyetlen egy sem
you have a point there abban igazad van
plot cselekmény, történet
to get confused összezavarodik
right közvetlenül
to make, made, made out kivesz, rájön
to tell the truth az igazat megvallva
I was bored stiff halálra untam magam
I could hardly wait for it to end. Alig vártam, hogy vége legyen.
Why didn’t you say so? M iért nem mondtad?
for my sake a kedvemért

57. to recommend, -ed ajánl

performance előadás
to be on műsoron van
comic show vígjáték, viccest
straight play zene nélküli színdarab
row sor
stalls zsöllye
dress circle első em eleti páholy
right in the middle közvetlen középre
58. I’m awfully sorry szörnyen sajnálom
let me know tudasd velem
rather chilly meglehetősen hűvös, csípős
underground station földalatti állomás
to queue, -d up sorba áll
to realise, -d rájön, észrevesz
season ticket bérlet
to run, ran, run out lejár
change aprópénz
slot machine jegykezelő autom ata
to get, got, got on felszáll
to crawl, -ed along csigalassúsággal halad
I was beside m yself with rage. Magamon kívül voltam a dühtől.

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SITUATIONS

to take a taxi taxiba száll

ja m forgalm i dugó, torlódás
peak tim e csúcsidő
a fte r all mindezek után, tulajdonképpen
to cou nt on sg szám ít vmire
I ’m ever so stupid. R ettenetesen ostoba vagyok.
to m ake it up to sb kárpótol vkit
never mind ne is törődj vele
to warm sb up felm elegít vkit

59. se a t by th e window ablak m elletti ülés

non-sm oker nem dohányzó
facing the engine m enetiránnyal szem ben
exactly pontosan
sharp itt: pontban
platform vágány
booking-office jegyváltó iroda
to be numbered meg van számozva
you can ’t m iss it el sem tudja téveszteni
through train közvetlen gyorsjárat
to change, -d átszáll

60. nice lot kedves emberek

to introduce sb to sb bem utat vkit vkinek
blonde szőke
stove kályha
to wear, wore, worn hord, visel
scarf sál
glamorous elbűvölő, bájos
chap fickó, pasas
jolly character vidám figura
to stay away from sb távol tartja m agát vkitől
w omaniser nőcsábász
come on ugyan, menj már
to be in danger veszélyben van
striped csíkos
beard szakáll
moustache bajusz
an old friend of mine egy régi barátom
for my sake a kedvemért
actually valójában, igazából
party pooper „ünneprontó”, nem „bulizó” típus
she’s a lot of fun nagyon mulatságos

61. to go to the shops bevásárolni megy

to mind, -ed kifogásol
not at all egyáltalán nem
to find one’s way around eltalál, kiismeri magát
baker’s péküzlet
roll zsemle
so they are fresh hogy frissek legyenek
head of lettuce fej saláta
peach őszibarack

136
 SITU A TIO N S

greengrocer’s zöldséges üzlet

you can’t miss it el sem tudod téveszteni
tub of margarine doboz m argarin
carton of yoghurt doboz joghurt
long-life milk tartós tej
packet of flour csomag liszt
tube of paprika paste tubus „piros arany”
hang on a minute várj egy kicsit
to jo t, -ted down leír, lejegyez
I’ll be off now. M ost m ár megyek.

62. to ask sb a favour szívességet kér vkitől

I wonder whether you could... Nem tudnál-e..., lennél-e olyan szíves..
to look after sb felügyel rá, gondját viseli
to depend on sg függ vmitől
as a m atter o f fact tulaj donképpen
I’m not much o f a... nem vagyok egy ügyes...
to go to sleep elalszik
to be likely to... valószínű, hogy..., elképzelhető, hogy..
to wake, woke, woken up felébred
to pick, -ed up felvesz
dummy cumi
give sb a b it o f a cuddle egy k icsit m egölelget
to feed, fed, fed etet, táplál
by any chance véletlenül, m indenesetre
to put, put, put out kitesz
just in case ha mégis szükség lesz rá
wise bölcs

63. W hat’s the m atter with you? Mi a baj?

off-colour beteges, rossz színben van
to suffer from a disease betegségben szenved
insomnia álm atlanság
indigestion gyom orrontás
diarrhoea hasm enés
blinding headache őrjítő fejfájás
sharp pain éles fájdalom
lower back derék
to catch (a) cold megfázni
sore throat fájó torok
constantly állandóan
to sneeze, -d tüsszög
to cough, -ed köhög
to feel feverish lázasnak érzi m agát
rash kiütés
to scratch, -ed vakarózik
chin áll
on top of all th at m indennek tetejébe
to have an accident b alesetet szenved
the other day a minap
bump púp, daganat
bruise horzsolás
rubbish ostobaság

137
 SITUATIONS

to be a bit run down egy kicsit ki van merülve

serious komoly
64. to clear, -ed up kitisztul
weather forecast időjárás előrejelzés
to trust, -ed sb/sg megbízik vkiben, vmiben
unpredictable kiszámíthatatlan
I’m freezing. Majd megfagyok.
It’s cold for the season. Az évszakhoz képest hideg van.
improvement javulás
climate éghajlat
spell of hot weather melegfront, meleg időszak
to get parched kisül, kiég
blizzard hóvihar
frost fagy
to toboggan, -ed szánkózni
it’s not much fun nem vmi nagy élvezet
even if még akkor is, ha
65. to owe, -d sb tartozik vkinek
to yield, -ed enged
absolutely tökéletesen, teljesen
fare viteldíj
You must be joking. Ön tréfál.
to take sb for a fool bolondnak néz vkit
to cost, cost, cost kerül vmibe
to have a good mind to do sg szándékoz vmit csinálni
to misread, misread, misread félreolvas, tévesen olvas el
meter mérőóra
to be worth sg vmennyit ér
I know my way around here kiismerem magam itt, ismerem itt a
helyzetet
66. whatever akármi, akármit
to get through összeköttetést teremt, kapcsolják
to pick up the receiver felveszi a kagylót
to insert the card berakja a kártyát
slot lyuk, rés
dialling tone tárcsahang
area code körzetszám
directory telefonkönyv
to dial, -led tárcsázik
long distance call távolsági hívás
here we go itt is van, tessék
the line is engaged foglalt a vonal
for the time being most, jelenleg
67. You are quite a stranger. Régóta nem láttalak. / Alig ismerlek meg-
for a while egy kis ideig
to join, -ed sb csatlakozik vkihez
Thanks all the same. Azért köszönöm.
to have a chat elbeszélget
to put off sg elhalaszt vmit

138
 SITU A TIO N S

cafeteria kávéház, cukrászda

to pick sb up elmegy érte
to help sb out kisegít vkit
68.
unfortunate coincidence szerencsétlen egybeesés
Is there any chance of...? Van rá esély?
to meet sb at the station kimegy vki elé az állom ásra
otherwise amúgy
to recognise, -d felism er
shoulder-length hair vállig érő haj
back-combed tupírozva
pony tail lófarok
tanned complexion barna (napoztatott) arcbőr
lip ajak
to be on the short side alacsony
tight trousers szűk nadrág
cool hűvös
to put, put, put on felvesz
cardigan kardigán
high-heeled magas sarkú
fair-haired világos hajú
69. strained feszült, túlerőltetett
washed out fáradt, kipurcant
to have a crack-up lerobban, beteg lesz
to exaggerate, -d túloz
to catch a bug elkap vmi nyavalyát
to consult a doctor elmegy orvoshoz
check-up kivizsgálás, vizsgálat
the other day a minap
off-colour beteges, színtelen
overtired nagyon fáradt
understatem ent enyhe kifejezés
to be run down le van merülve
to recharge one’s batteries feltöltődik
at the m om ent jelenleg, pillanatnyilag
ridiculous nevetséges
to find a way talál rá módot
gladly örömmel
to replace, -d sb helyettesít vkit
70. to enquire, -d érdeklődik
to hire a car kocsit bérel
medium-sized közepes méretű
basic cost alapdíj
daily rate napidíj
VAT (Value Added Tax) forgalmi adó
to be included benne van
to add, -ed hozzáad
insurance biztosítás
hire charge bérleti díj
driving licence vezetői engedély
valid érvényes
to fill in a form űrlapot kitölt

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PICTURE DESCRIPTION
TRAVELLING

PICTURE DESCRIPTION
1.

TRAVELLING

These pictures show two different means of transport. Compare and contrast them.
Include the following points:
■ What is the inter-city coach service like in Hungary?
■ Why do so many people prefer travelling by coach?
■ What are privately owned coaches hired for?
■ Do you ever travel by train?
■ What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by train?
■ Speak about a journey you made by train.
■ Do you think that in the age of cars there are still many people who choose to
travel by train? If so, why?
■ What is rail transport used for?

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 PIC T U R E D ESCRIPTIO N
T R A V E L L IN G

m o d el d e s c r ip t io n

The first picture shows a double-decker coach. Hungary has quite an extensive inter­
city coach network although they are not typically double-deckers. They, however,
reach all parts o f the country. The vehicles are comfortable and the service is
reasonably rapid. This makes coach travel a preferred means of transport for many
people. P rices are on a par with those for first-class rail travel. Lots of modern
coaches are operated by various companies, which are mainly hired for school trips or
package tours.

In the second picture I can see a modern, probably electric, train, which is usually
faster than the coach. I don’t often travel by train, because I usually travel with my
family and we use the car. Sometimes, when I still take a train, I find the second-class
carriages are not always as clean as they should be. They are often very crowded and
noisy. R ail travel within Hungary is not terribly expensive, however, and it is an
excellent way to get to see the countryside, too. Cheap fares are offered to pensioners,
students and to those working in the public services.

W hen I la st travelled by train, I had bought the tickets the day before and had
reserved two seats. I was sitting facing the engine rather than with my back to the
engine. I chose a seat by the window in a non-smoking com partment You have to
make a seat reservation for express trains in Hungary, but not for fast or slow
passenger trains. After getting on the train, I found my seat in the second
com partm ent in the carriage next to the buffet car. I put my suitcase on the luggage
rack and the train moved off. During the journey an inspector came to clip every
passenger’s ticket. Then I went into the corridor and looked at the beautiful scenery.
There were some people who were smoking, others were trying to get past them while
going or com ing from the buffet car. Fortunately, I didn’t have to change, as it was a
direct train and it did not stop until it got to its destination. The train pulled into the
station exactly on tim e, which was a nice surprise, as the trains on this line are
usually a b it late. The passengers took their luggage off the racks and got off the
train.

I think th a t the railway today still carries the bulk of passenger traffic. There are a lot
of com m uters who can’t afford to use their cars every day, so they choose to travel by
train. Others choose the railway because in a train they always have enough space to
move about and they can be absolutely relaxed and calm, as opposed to in a car,
where they have pay attention to the road while driving.

Apart from passengers, trains also carry goods of many different kinds. Railway
transp ort is still one o f the cheapest ways of carrying freight over long distances.
Freight lin ers are perhaps the fastest and m ost efficient type, as they transport the
goods in special large containers th at can be loaded and unloaded quickly and easily.

VOCABULARY L IS T
com partm ent kupé
carriage (vasúti) kocsi
bulk nagy mennyiség
passenger tra ffic személyforgalom
as opposed to sg vmivel ellentétben
pay attention to figyel vmire

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P ICTURE DESCRIPTION
R
T AVE L L n g

to s i t f a c in g th e e n g in e m e n e tirá n n y a l sz e m b e n ül
to s i t w ith o n e 's b a ck to th e en g in e m e n e tirá n y n a k h á tta l ül
p r e f e r a b ly in kább
s e a t r e s e r v a tio n h elyjegy
f a s t /s l o w p a s s e n g e r tr a in g y o r s -/s z e m é ly v o n a t
to clip , -ped k ily u k aszt
c o rrid o r fo lyo só
sce n e ry táj
g e t p a s t sy elh alad vki m e lle tt
d ire c t tra in k ö zv etlen v o n a t
d e s tin a tio n v ég cél, v é g á llo m á s
to pull in to th e s ta tio n b eérk ezik az á llo m á s r a
ta k e s g o ff s g levesz v m it v m irő l
a p a r t fr o m s g eltek in tv e v m itő l
to c a r r y g o o d s á r u t sz állít
fr e ig h t te h e r, ra k o m á n y
f r e ig h tlin e r te h e rsz á llító
to t r a n s p o r t , -ed szállít
c o n ta in e r ta rtá ly k o cs i
to u n / lo a d , -ed ki-, bepak ol

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
HOUSING

2.

HOUSING

These pictures show two different rooms. Compare and contrast them and talk about
your own room including the following points:
■ How is your room furnished?
■ W hat are the walls and the floor like?
■ What ornaments are there?
■ Where do you keep your belongings?
■ Have you got a convenient working space at home?
■ Speak about the types of housing people can live in.

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
HOUSING

MODEL DESCRIPTION
In the first picture we can see a light and pleasant living room with a big window. It
looks much nicer and cosier than the room in the second picture. There are brown
curtains on the window. The walls are probably papered and the floor is tiled. The
focal point of the room is the elegant dark brown leather suite. The chest of drawers
stands next to the window with some potted plants on it and next to it. A small coffee
table with a glass top stands in front of the suite. It’s a neat and tidy room with a
little child in the middle, sitting on the sofa.

The room in the second picture looks much less comfortable, less spacious and a lot
more untidy. We can see a wall in this room that is almost bare. There is not a single
picture on it. They are whitewashed. It seems to be a multi-purpose room, because
there is a fridge in one corner, a bed in the other and in between there is a desk and
a bedside table. The desk, the table and the floor are crammed with things so you
have the feeling that the owner doesn’t have enough room and that he / she can’t
find a suitable place for his / her belongings. The owner must be a rather untidy
person. I’m sure he / she could put his / her things into the cupboard on the left.
Instead, the whole room looks like a jumble sale.

My room is not that untidy. I try to put everything in order at least twice a week. The
walls in the room are also papered and the wallpaper has a green and white checked
pattern. A thick, grey fitted carpet completely covers the floor. My bed is placed right
next to the door. The bedside table, the wardrobe and the chest of drawers are put
along the wall and the dressing table is opposite the bed. There is a book-case
standing in the corner with the television on one side and the CD player on the other.
I keep my belongings in a built-in cupboard next to my bed. I also have a comfortable
working area by the window with a desk and a swivel chair. The wall next to the desk
is lined with bookshelves and bookcases.

The walls and the shelves in my room are adorned with various ornaments and I
always take the style of the room into consideration when I buy a new piece. I
especially like hand-painted china figures and brass candlesticks and vases.

People can live in sky-scrapers, high-rise blocks, blocks of flats, terraced houses, semi­
detached houses, bungalows, huts, cottages. They can own their flats, which are called
freehold flats. They can rent a flat or a house, or they can share a flat with other
families and live in co-tenancy. Some people live in lodgings.

VOCABULARY LIST
cosy kényelmes, kellemes
tiled kőburkolattal ellátott
potted plant cserepes virág
freehold flat öröklakás
spacious tágas
bare csupasz
wallpaper tapéta
checked kockás
multi-purpose többfunkciós
room hely
belongings cucc, holmi

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
HOUSING
pattern
minta
fitted carpet
padlószőnyeg
focal point
központi rész
suite
garnitúra
owner tulajdonos
checked kockás
to put everything in order mindent rendbe tesz
bedside table éjjeliszekrény
chest of drawers fiókos szekrény
dressing table fésülködő asztal
wardrobe ruhás szekrény
swivel chair forgószék
bare csupasz
to adorn, -ed feldíszít
ornament díszítés
brass candlestick réz gyertyatartó
china figure porcelán figura
to take sg into consideration figyelembe vesz
whitewashed fehérre meszelt
instead ehelyett
jumble sale zsibvásár
to cram, -med telezsúfol
built-in beépített
to line, -d kibélel, tele van
sky-scraper felhőkarcoló
high-rise block magas épület
terraced house sorház
semi-detached house társasház
bungalow egyszintes családi ház
hut kunyhó
co-tenancy társbérlet
to live in lodgings albérletben lakik

145
 PICTUR E DESCRIPTION
SPORTS

3.

SPORTS

These pictures show three different sports activities. Compare and contrast them and
talk about your own attitude to sports including the following points:

■ W hat sports are you interested in?

■ W hat do you do to keep fit?
■ W hat facilities does your school have for sports?
■ How is the gym equipped?
■ W hat sports do you do in winter?
■ Which sports are Hungarians good at?
■ Which are the popular games in Britain?

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
SPO RTS

MODEL DESCRIPTION
All the pictures show some kind of sports activities. In the first two pictures we can
see team ballgames being played, while in the third we can see an individual sport. In
the first picture they are playing handball, in the second they are playing football and
in the third, the person is doing gymnastics. The Hungarian women’s handball teams
are quite good and acknowledged internationally; from year to year both our selected
players and individual teams get into the semi-finals of European or World
Championships.

Men’s football is being played in the second picture. I think the situation of football in
Hungary is g r o w in g fr o m bad to worse, as most teams are extremely weak and
whenever there is a championship they never get further than the qualifying heats.
Sometimes they manage to draw, but in most cases they are defeated by two or three
goals.

In the third picture the woman is doing gymnastics, more exactly a beam exercise.
Other gymnastic exercises for men and women are the vault, uneven parallel bars and
floor exercises. I like watching gymnastics on TV because I find it very spectacular.

I am also interested in sport, especially athletics. I consider this to be the king of

sports. Although I don’t take part in competitions, 1 run quite a lot for my own
enjoyment and fitness. I particularly like jogging, which I often do in the evenings,
and in the mornings, I also take some exercise. Sometimes I play ball games such as
football, handball, volleyball or basketball. Our town has a good tradition in playing
handball, so there are a lot of youngsters, mainly boys, who are training to become
good handball players. I know there are people who are not really interested in sport
and they are not involved in any regular sports activity. But believe that two of the
secrets of healthy living are fresh air and plenty of exercise.

At school we have a lot of opportunities to pursue sports. Our school has a small
swimming-pool, a fair-sized gym and two sports grounds, one for football or handball,
the other is basically for volleyball, but you can also play tennis there. Our gym is
quite well-equipped, we have nearly all the apparatus you need for gymnastics. There
are wall bars and climbing ropes hanging down from the ceiling. There are good
facilities for gymnastics, for example a pair of uneven parallel bars, a vaulting horse,
a pommel horse, a beam and a number of floor mats. We have also got a pair of rings
and several balls and skipping ropes. In winter all the family goes skiing and my
friends often go ice-skating on the nearby rink. If Lake Balaton freezes over, we go
down to the lake to enjoy this fine exercise.

Hungarians are very good at water sports in general and water polo and rowing in
particular. There are some kinds of other sports in which Hungarian competitors
seem to be the best all over the world. These are fencing, the pentathlon, show
jumping and harness horse racing. For the last twenty years there have been few
championships in these branches without at least one Hungarian gold, silver or
bronze medal. We are quite good at handball, too.

The most typical English national sports are cricket, rugby, soccer, golf, tennis and
perhaps darts. Some other sports like motor racing, rowing, horse riding and hockey
are also popular among the British, but undoubtedly their favourite is Association
Football, or what is also called soccer.

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
SPORTS

VOCABULARY LIST
s p o r ts a c tiv ity s p o r t te v é k e n y s é g
a ttitu d e v isz o n y u lá s
fa cilitie s s z o lg á lta tá s o k , le h e tő s é g e k
in te r n a tio n a lly ack n o w le d g e d n e m z e tk ö z ile g e lis m e r t
sem i-fin al elő d ö n tő
q u alify in g h e a t se le jte z ő
s e le c te d te a m v á lo g a to tt
to d raw , d rew , d ra w n d ö n te tle n t já ts z ik
c o m p e titio n v e rs e n y
to g ro w fro m b a d to w o rs e e g y re ro s s z a b b
to d e fe a t, -ed legyőz
p u sh-up / p ress-u p f e k v ő tá m a s z
to k eep fit e d z e tt m a r a d
to b e in v o lved in r e g u la r s p o r ts a c tiv itie s r e n d s z e r e s e n s p o r to l
to p u rs u e a s p o r t s p o r to l
fa ir-s ized g y m e g é sz n a g y to r n a t e r e m
s p o r ts g ro u n d s p o r tp á ly a
w all-b ars b o rd á s fa l
clim b in g ro p e m á s z ó k ö té l
u n e v e n p a r a lle l b a r s f e le m á s k o rlá t
v a u ltin g / p o m m e l h o r s e ló u g rá s , ló le n g é s
beam g e re n d a
flo o r m a t to r n a s z ő n y e g
sk ip p in g r o p e u g r á ló k ö té l
h ig h b a r s n y ú jtó
flo o r e x e r c is e s ta la jto r n a
s p o r ts e v e n ts s p o r te s e m é n y e k
sk iin g s íe lé s
rin k k o r c s o ly a p á ly a
to f re e z e , f ro z e , f r o z e n o v e r b e fa g y
s k a tin g k o r c s o ly á z á s
sw ift m o v e m e n t f ü rg e m o z g á s
s p e cta cu la r lá tv á n y o s
r o w in g evezés
f e n c in g v ív á s
p e n ta th lo n ö ttu s a
s h o w ju m p in g d íju g r a tá s (a k a d á ly p á ly á n )
h a rn e s s h o rse ra c in g f o g a th a jtá s
w o rld c h a m p io n s h ip v ilá g b a jn o k s á g
so ccer fu tb a ll
d a rts cé lb a d o b ó já té k
m o to r ra c in g a u tó v e r s e n y z é s
h o ck ey g y e p la b d a
u n d o u b te d ly k é ts é g te le n ü l
so ccer fo o tb a ll

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
CLOTHING

4.

CLOTHING

These pictures show two men dressed in two different ways. Compare and contrast
their clothing and talk about your own attitude to clothes and fashion including the
following points:

■ W hat clothes do you like wearing for everyday use?

■ W hat clothes do you wear on various occasions?
■ W here do you buy your clothes?
■ W hat do you think of fashion?
■ W hat is fashionable young people nowadays?

MODEL DESCRIPTION
In the first picture I can see a very elegantly dressed, handsome young man. He is
wearing a dark suit with a white shirt and a tie. He is probably dressed up for an
important event in his life, like an examination or a job interview. The man in the
second picture, however, is dressed quite casually; he is wearing a white T-shirt and a
grey sweater. He may be about to take some exercise or go jogging.

For everyday wear, I like sports jackets, a pair of corduroys, pure woollen pullovers,
cotton shirts with striped or checked patterns. / For everyday wear I usually put on a
skirt with a blouse and a cardigan. I also like wearing a suit. I often wear stretch
jeans with knitted sweaters.

I usually buy my clothes in big department stores, because they often hold bargain
sales and sell articles at reduced prices at the end of the winter and summer seasons.
Many shops have clearance sales, too, and you can also find bargain counters in big
shops all the year round and discount stores in each town, selling cheap goods.

I think fashion is especially important for women, because they always like to be well-
dressed and follow fashions to please both themselves and men. The world would be a
dull place if people always wore the same things. That is why I always try to keep up

149
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
CLOTHING

with the latest fashion. But I know there are others, usually men, who do not care much
about fashion. They wear whatever they think is comfortable, practical and attractive.

A fashionably dressed man wears a dark brown or green suit or an orange shirt, with a
sweater and a pair of stretch jeans or corduroys. A well-dressed woman always appears
elegant. She is choosy about clothing and dresses in perfect taste. She usually wears a
brightly-coloured or striped tight pullover with a sweater. The skirt is long, frilled or
gathered. She may also wear tight, flared hipsters which show off her figure well.

VOCABULARY LIST
elegantly dressed elegánsan felöltözött
handsome csinos, jóképű
event esemény
job interview állás interjú
casually lezseren, hétköznapi módon
to be about to készül vmit csinálni
to take some exercise néhány tornagyakorlatot végez
go jogging kocogni megy
corduroys kordnadrág
pure woollen tiszta gyapjú
striped csíkos
checked kockás
baggy bő, húzott
pure tiszta
woollen gyapjú
cotton pamut
knitted sweater kötött pulóver
price reduction árcsökkentés
clearance sale kiárusítás
commodity árucikk
bargain sale leárazás
all the year round egész évben
bargain counter turkáló
discount store diszkont áruház
goods áru
to follow fashion követi a divatot
well-dressed jól öltözött
to please, -d m egelégedésére szolgál
dull unalm as
to keep up w ith/keep pace with lépést ta r t vmivel
practical praktikus
attractive szép, vonzó
choosy válogatós
in perfect taste tökéletes ízléssel
brightly coloured világos, fényes színű
tight szűk
frilled fodros
gathered buggyos, összehúzott
flared trapéz
hipsters csípőnadrág
to show off one’s figure kiemeli az alakját
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
ENTERTAINMENT

5.

ENTERTAINMENT

These pictures show two ways of spending your free time. Compare and contrast
them and talk about your free time activities including the following points:
■ What different kinds of performances are held in a theatre?
■ What kinds of plays do you enjoy most?
■ What plays / concerts have you seen recently?
■ What is the difference between a theatre and a cinema?
■ What kinds of films can you see at the cinema?
■ Which is the best film you have seen in the last year?

151
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
ENTERTAINMENT

MODEL DESCRIPTION
In the first picture I can see the interior of a th eatre or a con cert hall, and in the
second a cinem a. A t the theatre we can see a dram a (tragedy or comedy), an opera,
an op eretta, a musical, a ballet, a variety show, a concert, a m atinee perform ance or
even a puppet show. I enjoy both tragedies and comedies. It doesn’t really depend on
the nature of the play as to whether I like it or not. I think the direction and acting,
along with the m essage of the play, are more im portant.

In an opera, the singers sing arias or sing in chorus, but they never speak. An opera
always begins with an overture and the orch estra plays a very im portant part
throughout the perform ance. Perhaps th at is what’s happening in the first picture at
the m om ent. Som e im portant instrum ents in an o rch estra are the woodwind, strings,
b rass and percussion sections.

I don’t often go to see operas or concerts, but if I do it is usually a pop concert. I

quite like pop m usic, although I would not call m yself a fan. The pop con cert I last
w ent to was given by a well-known English band. I especially enjoyed the way the bass
gu itarist played his instrum ent. I like pop concerts because they allow you to listen to
m usic, m eet lots of oth er young people and have a good tim e.

As I have a season ticket, I have seen virtually all the plays th a t have been performed
by the p erm an en t com pany of our th eatre since the th eatrical season began. W hen I
last w ent to the th eatre, I saw a splendid play, which was an adaptation of a famous
novel w ritten by.... The plot of the play was really enjoyable and rich in surprising
tu rn s. It held the attention of the audience from beginning to end. It was excellently
d irected, which also m ade a deep impression on m e. The audience followed the play
with g re a t in terest.

C inem as do n o t have live perform ances, but the films are projected onto the screens.
The u su al cinem a show consists of a feature film preceded by a newsreel, lots of
com m ercials and p erhaps som e sh o rt films like a popular science film, a travelogue, a
d ocu m en tary o r an anim ated cartoon, for exam ple as well as a tra ile r from the next
film on the p rogram m e. The m ain film is usually cinem ascope and dubbed.

The b est film I have seen th is year was a w estern /ad v en tu re film / thriller / horror
film / science-fiction fantasy / detective film / screen adaptation of a successful novel
entitled ... . The c a st was excellent with ... starrin g ... . He /s h e is a box-office
a ttra ctio n on his / h er own. The film had an in terestin g plot and a significant
m essage. The cam era-w ork was perfect, too. The film was a big h it and all its shows
w ere com plete sell-outs.

VOCABULARY LIST
in terior belső té r
v ariety show revü
puppet báb
n atu re of th e play a darab term észete
direction rendezés
m essage m ondanivaló
overtu re nyitány
o rch e stra zenekar
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
ENTERTAINMENT
throughout the performance az előadás során
at the moment jelenleg
woodwind fafúvós
strings vonósok
brass rézfúvós
percussion ütő(hangszer)
fan rajongó
bass guitarist basszusgitáros
well-known ismert
season ticket bérlet
musical instrument hangszer
perform er előadó
acting szereplés, színjátszás
piece of art műalkotás, mű
talent tehetség
perm anent company állandó társulat
theatrical season színházi szezon
splendid nagyszerű, ragyogó
adaptation feldolgozás
plot cselekmény
rich in surprising turns meglepő fordulatokban gazdag
hold the attention leköti a figyelmet
excellently kiválóan
to make a deep impression on mély benyomást tesz
audience közönség
to follow the play követi a darabot
live performance élő előadás
to project, -ed kivetít
screen vászon
feature film játékfilm
newsreel filmhíradó
commercial reklám
travelogue útleírás, útifilm
animated cartoon rajzfilm
popular science film ismeretterjesztő film
trailer előzetes, filmismertetés
cinemascope szélesvásznú
to dub, -bed szinkronizál
subtitled feliratos
adventure film kalandfilm
screen adaptation of filmváltozata vminek
entitled amelynek a címe
cast szereposztás
box-office attraction vonzza a közönséget
on one’s own önmagában véve
plot cselekmény
significant jelentős
big hit nagy siker
sell-out kasszasiker
P IC T U R E D ESC R IPTIO N
SEASONS

6.

SEASONS

T h ese p ictu res show th e four seasons. Com pare and c o n tra s t them . Include the
following p oin ts:

■ W h ich is y o u r favourite season?

■ W h a t happens to n atu re in spring / autum n?
■ W h a t is the w eath er generally like in spring / sum m er / autum n / winter?
■ W h a t can you typically do in th ese seasons?
■ W h a t do you w ear in sum m er / w inter?
■ W h a t is the clim ate in H ungary / England like?

M ODEL D ESCRIPTIO N
In the pictures you can see the four seasons in the following order; winter, summer,
spring, autum n. My favourite season is spring, because the trees and bushes are filled
with blossom. It smells of flowers everywhere. The nicest spring flowers are snowdrops,
violets, tulips, daffodils, hyacinths and daisies. As we can see in the third picture spring
is also the tim e for trees to bloom. In autum n, however, the leaves of trees slowly
become coloured; in the fourth picture you can see yellowish, brownish and reddish
ones. In November, the last autum n month, they gradually fall off the trees.

The beginning o f autum n is called an Indian sum m er, if th e w eath er is still warm.
Usually it is ju st like sum m er. There is still plenty of sunshine and the evenings are

154
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
SEASONS
warm enough to take long walks. W e say th at autum n is a rich season because the
trees are full of fruit, like apples, pears, plums, nuts, almonds, mulberries, etc., and
m ost of the vegetables are harvested at the beginning of autum n, too. In Hungary, the
grape harvest, what we call a vintage, is a great feast. Friends and relatives come
together to pick the grapes from the vines.

The weather is not exactly settled in spring. It is quite changeable, especially in April.
There can be heavy rain storm s, lasting for a few hours, or scattered showers lasting
for a couple of days. In sum m er it can be very hot, but often there are quick showers
th at follow the h eat waves. There can even be thunderstorm s. Lightning is quite
dangerous and it m ay strike big trees or even houses. In the second picture, however,
the w eather is settled, it is nice and sunny. There is also nice w eather in the fourth
picture although it is not typical in autumn. Then the weather is often rainy and cool.
In October the w eather is very changeable, one day it is as if it were sum m er, the
n ext day it is ju st like winter. In November there is often frost. In winter the
tem p eratu re falls below zero. It often snows and th ere are blizzards and storm y
winds. I often feel cold in such weather.

If the w eather is nice, it is a crim e to stay indoors. May is ju st the right month for
taking walks or going on trips to the countryside. On a sunny day you can lie in the
sun and enjoy the w arm sunshine. I like nature so I try to m ake the b est of the fine
w eather. M ost people take their holidays in sum m er and go to Lake Balaton, the
mountains or to the seaside abroad and enjoy the nice weather.

In sum m er, it is enough to put on a light dress or a T-shirt with shorts or bermudas
and a pair of low-slung shoes or sandals. On the beach, women w ear a bathing suit or
a bikini and perhaps a straw hat. Men wear swimming trunks. In w inter you m ust be
careful not to catch cold. You m ust wear warm clothes and dress warmly. In cold
w eather people wear fur hats or thick, knitted hats and gloves, w arm scarves and
polo-necked sw eaters, cotton stockings or trousers, w inter boots and thick fur-lined
overcoats.

Hungary is in the tem p erate zone and has a continental clim ate. This m eans th at the
w eather is quite easily predictable and there are big differences between the w eather
in the four seasons: spring, sum m er, autum n and winter. Tem peratures above 30°C
m ay occur in Ju ly and August but generally do not last long. Ja n u a ry and Feb ru ary
are the coldest m onths, but even then the average tem p eratu re does not fall below
minus 5°C.

England has a m aritim e climate, which m eans th at the w eather is very wet and rainy
there. It is usually very changeable and it is difficult to forecast with certainty even for
a day or two. It is wet and not too cold at virtually all tim es of the year. It rarely snows
and if it does, it melts when it reaches the ground. Sum m ers are cool and wet too.

VOCABULARY LIST
blossom fa virága
snowdrop hóvirág
daffodil nárcisz
hyacinth jácin t
daisy m argaréta
to bloom, -ed virágzik
Indian sum m er vénasszonyok nyara

155
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
sea so n s

nut dió
almond mandula
mulberry szeder
to harvest, -ed begyűjt, arat, szüretel
grape h arvest / vintage szüret
feast ünnep
to pick grapes szőlőt szed
vine szőlő tőke
settled m egállapodott
changeable változékony
heavy rainstorm s heves esőzések
to last, -ed tartan i
scattered showers helyenkénti záporok
h eat wave m elegfront
for days on end napokon keresztül
thunderstorm m ennydörgés, vihar
lightning villámlás
hot spell meleg időszak
to strike, struck a tree belevág egy fába
frost fagy
blizzard hóvihar
crim e bűn
indoors bent
to go on trips kirándulni m egy
to lie in the sun napozik
to put on felvesz
light dress könnyű ruha
breeches berm uda n adrág
bathing suit fürdőruha
straw h at szalmakalap
swim ming trunks úszónadrág
low shoes félcipő
to dress warm ly rétegesen öltözködik
fur hat szőrm esapka
thick vastag
knitted gloves k ötött kesztyű
scarf, scarves sál, sálak
polo-necked sw eater m agasnyakú pulóver
cotton stockings p am u t h arisn y an ad rág
fur-lined szőrm ebéléses
overcoat nagykabát
tem perate zone m érsék elt égöv
continental clim ate kontinentális éghajlat
predictable m egjósolható
occur, -red előfordul
m aritim e tengeri
average tem p eratu re átlaghőm érséklet
to forecast, forecast, fo recast előre jelez
virtually valójában
wet nedves
to melt, -ed elolvad
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
HOUSING

7.

HOUSING

These pictures show two types of housing. Compare and contrast them. Include the
following points:
■ What is your house / flat like?
■ In which one do you think it is better to live? Why?
■ What are big housing estates like?
■ What are newly-built residential areas like?
■ Where would you prefer to live?
■ What facilities are there in your area?

157
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
H O U SIN G

MODEL DESCRIPTION
Two types of housing are depicted in the pictures; there are blocks of flats in the first
one and a detached house in the second. Most people prefer houses to flats, because
in a house there is more room and more privacy. They like to have a garden in which
to grow flowers or sit on the lawn. I would like to live in a house, too, because a block
of flats is rather densely populated. Sometimes people don’t know their nextdoor
neighbours. But even if you don’t know them you can often hear them , as the walls
are not completely sound-proof. On the other hand in a house you are on your own
and nobody disturbs you. Young children can also feel safer because they can play in
the fenced-off garden and they don’t have to go out to the huge and unfriendly
playing fields.

W e live in a spacious two-storey house, facing south, with a big garden. / W e live in a
2-room flat on the second floor of a five-storey block of flats. / If you look at our
house from outside, the front door is over on the left. This opens directly into a big
room, about five m etres by six m etres. This is the hall. There are doors on either side
of the hall, leading to two smaller rooms, each of which is about th ree and a half
m etres square. These are the study and the bathroom . There are two m ore doors on
the left-hand wall of the hall. The first leads to the kitchen with another small room,
the pantry, opening off it, the second leads to the dining-room. A t the back of the hall,
on the right-hand corner, a flight of stairs leads up to the first floor. The stairs lead
directly into the living-room, about seven m etres square. This has windows in the
south and west walls. Two doors lead to rooms which m easure about three and a half
m etres. These are the bedrooms. Between the two bedrooms, with a door to each is a
small passage-way with built-in cupboards. / Our flat is a sixty-eight square metre
freehold flat. It is not too spacious, just about enough for a family of four. It is
comfortable and equipped with all modern conveniences such as hot w ater, electricity,
gas central heating, drains, and a telephone.

Big housing estates are usually situated on the edges of towns. There are huge blocks
of flats which are faceless and all identical. The flats inside these blocks are usually
too small for the families th at live in them. In the newly-built residential areas,
however, there is a tendency for the flats to be designed with m ore colou r and
individuality. The huge, faceless blocks of flats are changing into something a little
more welcoming.

I would still like to live in the green belt, because it is m uch quieter. In the green belt
there are mainly detached houses, such as bungalows which are m ore personal and
intim ate places th an high-rise blocks. It is also leafier and the trees outside the houses
provide you with the fresh air you lack so much in the centre, or in big housing
estates.

I live on the outskirts of the town on a housing estate. It is quite a long way from the
town centre, but it is n ear a bus route. N ext to our block, th ere is a kindergarten and
two playgrounds for children and a sports ground, for ice skating in winter and
football in sum m er. Shopping facilities, including some superm arkets, a post office, a
chem ist’s and oth er am enities are near a t hand and there is a cinem a, too. Coming
down the m ain stre e t you can see playing fields and beyond them a big park. The
prim ary school my children go to is right n ext to the park and the school has a small
swim ming pool open to the public every afternoon. They are building some lovely
houses on the town boundary and are planning to set up a recreation centre there,
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
HOUSING

with sports grounds, a swimming pool and swings and slides for children. / I live in
the town centre where you can find all the facilities you could w an t - good shopping,
excellent restau ran ts, a live th eatre, an a rt gallery, a cinem a, a night club and even
some sporting events. It is very handy for the shops, too. The only problem is th a t it
is very noisy, especially on weekday afternoons, when th ere is a never-ending stream
of cars on the road in fron t of our building.

VOCABULARY LIST
to depict, -ed bem utat
block of flats em eletes ház
detached house családi ház
room hely
privacy m agánélet
densely populated sűrűn lakott
next-door neighbour közvetlen szomszéd
even if még ha
to be on one’s own egyedül van
sound-proof hangszigetelt
to conduct, -ed vezet
fenced-off elkerített
separation elszigeteltség
to disturb, -ed zavar
feel safe biztonságban érzi m ag át
huge óriási
playing field játszótér
spacious tágas
two-storey kétszintes
to face south délnek néz
directly közvetlenül
five m etres by six 5 x6 m éteres
pantry kam ra
to open off sg vmiből nyílik
square m etre négyzetm éter
flight of stairs lépcsősor
passage-way átjáró, folyosó
freehold flat öröklakás
equipped with sg vmivel felszerelve
with all m odern conveniences minden kom forttal ellátott
drains csatorn a
gas central heating gáz központi fűtés
housing estate lakótelep
to be situated elhelyezkedik, található
on the edge of vm i szélén
faceless szem élytelen
identical egyform a
residential area lakópark
tendency tendencia
individuality egyéniség
welcoming szívélyes
green belt zöldövezet
detached house különálló ház, családi ház

159
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
h o u s in g

bungalow verandás családi ház

intimate meghitt
high-rise block emeletes ház
leafy lombos
to provide, -d ad, ellát
to lack, -ed hiányol
outskirts külváros, külterület
a long way off messze van
route útvonal
kindergarten óvoda
playground játszótér
sports ground sporttelep
facility előnyös lehetőség, szolgáltatás
amenity komfort, pihenést nyújtó
at hand kéznél
public nagyközönség
town boundary a város határa
to set up felállít, létrehoz
recreation centre kultúrpark
swing hinta
slide csúszda
live élő
handy könnyen elérhető
never-ending stream of cars véget nem érő kocsisor
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
FA M ILY F E S T IV A L S

8.

FAM ILY FESTIVALS

These pictures show two different occasions that we celebrate every year. Compare
and contrast them. Include the following points:

■ On what family occasions do you meet your relatives?

■ How do you celebrate birthdays?
■ W hat do you celebrate at Christmas?
■ How do you celebrate Christmas?
■ W hat do you think of buying a lot of presents for your friends and relatives for
Christmas?

161
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
FA M ILY F E S T IV A L S

MODEL DESCRIPTION
In the first picture I can see a chocolate layer cake prepared for somebody’s fiftieth
birthday. In the second it is Christmas; the children are standing next to the
Christmas tree and are looking at the beautifully lit candles on it. Their presents are
underneath the tree; a ball, a doll, a teddy-bear and some nicely wrapped up boxes.
Apparently, they are very happy.

I meet the members of the wider family on birthdays and perhaps on wedding
anniversaries, at weddings, funerals and Christenings. W e always celebrate birthdays.
We have some relatives coming in the afternoon and wishing a happy birthday. My
mother loves baking, so she usually prepares at least three kinds of cakes for the
occasion. It is a quiet family gathering which is spent in eating, drinking and
discussing family m atters. If it is my birthday, I get a lot of E-mails and SMS
messages from my friends and relatives saying many happy returns of the day. If it is
my father’s or m other’s birthday I buy a present, however small, for them. Sometimes
I make the present myself.

At Christmas, we celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, The Saviour of men. On

December 24th, which is Christmas Eve. The Christmas tree, a fir or pine, is decorated
and children are given a lot of presents. Most families go to the midnight service in
church. On the first and second day of Christmas, families have big meals and visit
each other in the afternoons. On Christmas Day, the family gathers round the table to
partake of the traditional Hungarian Christmas lunch. Two things are essential parts
of this meal: stuffed cabbage and poppy-seed cake. The rest of the meal is usually beef
soup followed by pork chops or turkey.

There is nothing more pleasing than giving the right present to your loved ones. I
admit the right present is difficult to find, but it is worth taking the trouble. What
also matters is that a present must be a token of your love and appreciation. These
days, however, the whole business of buying presents is very commercialised. The
shops are the only winners, because right before Christmas people end up buying
things they would never buy under ordinary conditions. And if you wanted to give
good presents it would be necessary to shop carefully and slowly all the year round.

VOCABULARY LIST
chocolate layer cake csoki torta
to light, lit, lit meggyújt
candle gyertya
underneath alatt
doll baba
teddy-bear játék mackó
to wrap, -ped up becsomagol
apparently nyilvánvalóan
wider family tágabb család
wedding anniversary házassági évforduló
funeral temetés
Christening keresztelés
many happy returns of the day boldog születésnapot
to invite sy over meghív, áthív vkit
to bake, -d süt
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
FAM ILY FESTIVA LS

wish a happy birthday boldog születésnapot kíván

at least legalább
family gathering családi összejövetel
to discuss family matters megtárgyalni a családi ügyeket
message üzenet
however small akármilyen apróságot
the birth of Christ Jézus születése
The Saviour a Megváltó
Christmas Eve / Holy Night szenteste
fir tree erdei fenyő
pine tree lucfenyő
to decorate the Christmas tree feldíszíti a fenyőfát
midnight service éjféli mise
to gather round the table összegyűlik az asztal körül
to partake of részesül, eszik vmiből
essential alapvetően fontos
stuffed cabbage rakott káposzta
poppy-seed cake mákos bejgli
dessert édesség
beef soup marhahúsleves
pork chop disznóhús szelet
pleasing megelégedést keltő érzés
your loved ones a szeretteid
to take the trouble veszi a fáradságot
to matter, -ed számít
token jel
appreciation megbecsülés
very commercialised teljesen elüzletiesedett
to end up buying végül megveszi
under ordinary conditions hétköznapi körülmények között
all the year round egész évben

1 63
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
A PPEA R A N C E / H EALTH

9.

APPEARANCE / HEALTH

These pictures show three men. Compare and contrast them. Include the following
points:
■ What do the men in the pictures look like?
■ Do you think looks matter a lot?
■ Do you think people look more attractive if they are thin or fat?
■ Do you think Hungarians eat more or less than necessary?
■ What do they do to become thin?
■ Have you ever been on a diet?
■ What must we do to keep in good health?
■ What kind of health problems do people most often have?

164
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
APPEA RAN CE / HEALTH

MODEL DESCRIPTION
The men in the first picture are in their forties. They are quite tall, heavily built and
broad-shouldered. They are a little overweight. They both have short, straight dark
hair. The one on the right has a short beard and a moustache. His eyes are brown. He
has got a round face, a big nose and big ears. He has a generous mouth and an
expressive face. They both have high foreheads and a smile on their faces. They seem
to be happy, strong and energetic. I think they are fairly good-looking. The man in the
second picture, however, looks ill. He is all skin and bone as if he has had an illness.
He has an oval face with a pointed nose, thin lips and a pale complexion. He has a
strong chin. His face and body look extremely thin as if he hasn’t eaten properly for a
long time. He is examining his meagre body in the mirror. He doesn’t seem to be in
very good health. In fact, he may still be ill.

I am not really conscious of my appearance and I never judge by appearance. Still, I

think looks are important to most people. After all no woman, and no man, either,
wants to look repulsive and unattractive. Men want to be good-looking and women
want to look pretty, charming and beautiful.

Most people like it when they are slim. But in spite of this quite a few of them have to
watch their weight. Dieting has become a fad and people consult calorie charts before
they eat, if they eat anything at all. Some of them suffer from malnutrition munching
biscuits and drinking unsweetened coffee for days on end. Others exhaust themselves
doing exercises and being massaged by machines

I think most people in Hungary eat more than necessary. Our calorie intake is about
double the amount we actually need. People eat a lot of carbohydrates in food like
bread, cakes and sugar, which are very fattening. I think we also eat more meat and
protein than necessary, especially fatty meats, which are favoured by most
Hungarians. That is why there are so many fat people among us.

I have often been on a diet, because I suffer from the miseries of being overweight.
The last time I went on a diet I observed a strict high-protein, no starch diet. I just
cut out the bread and butter and had only one glass of orange juice every morning. I
also exercised 5 days a week in the gym. / I have never been on a slimming diet
because I am on the skinny side. I don’t easily put on weight even if I eat a lot. This
is possibly because I work far too much and I burn up the calories.

People often have health problems in autumn and late winter. They catch a cold or flu
and those who don’t have enough resistance can contract pneumonia. Arthritis and
rheumatism are also caused by cool and wet weather. With the growing amount of
chemicals used in every walk of life the number of patients suffering from hay fever,
allergies and respiratory problems such as bronchitis and asthma, is rising. Tonsillitis
and appendicitis are very common with children as well as food poisoning and
indigestion. A very upsetting tendency is that more and more people suffer from
nervous breakdowns and have crack-ups due to overwork and fatigue. In the most
serious cases people end up in mental hospitals and never recover from their illness.

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PICTURE DESCRIPTION
APPEARANCE / HEALTH

To keep in good health we should first of all not join the rat-race of modern life. We
should avoid stress and tension and do some exercise every day. It is important to
breathe a bit of fresh air and not to sit inside from morning till night. We should try
to avoid fatty meat and animal fats in general so as not to be overweight. Remember
the saying, ‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away’.

VOCABULARY LIST
good-looking elegáns, jóképű (férfi)
appearance általános megjelenés
build testalkat
thin sovány
heavily-built erős testalkatú
overweight túlsúlyos
in one’s forties a negyvenes éveiben van
tall magas
short hair rövid haj
straight egyenes
dark/black sötét/fekete
broad-shouldered széles vállú
brown eyes barna szemek
generous mouth dús, vastag száj
thin lips keskeny ajkak
strong chin markáns áll
pointed nose hegyes orr
oval/round face ovális, kerek arc
moustache bajusz
beard szakáll
energetic energikus
high forehead magas homlok
all skin and bone csont és bőr
pale complexion sápadt arcbőr
extremely rendkívüli mértékben
as if mintha
to eat, ate, eaten properly megfelelően eszik
meagre sovány, aszott
to be in good health jó egészségnek örvend
in fact valójában
to judge by appearance külső után ítél
conscious of one’s appearance érdekli hogy néz ki
repulsive visszataszító
attractive vonzó
good-looking elegáns, jóképű (férfi)
pretty csinos (nő)
charming elbűvölő
beautiful gyönyörű
to watch one’s weight vigyáz a súlyára
fad divatos hóbort
calorie chart kalória táblázat
malnutrition alultápláltság
to munch, -ed majszol
for days on end napokon keresztül
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
A PPEA RA N C E / HEALTH

to exhaust, -ed kifáraszt

to massage, -d masszíroz
calorie intake kalória felvétel
carbohydrate szénhidrát
fattening hizlaló
protein fehérje
fatty meat zsíros hús
to observe a strict diet szigorú diétát tart
starch keményítőt tartalm azó növényből
készült étel
to cut out the bread nem eszik kenyeret
to exercise, -d tornászik
to be on the skinny side csontos, sovány típus
to put on weight hízik
to burn, -ed up eléget, felhasznál
resistance ellenálló képesség
to contract, -ed elkap
pneumonia tüdőgyulladás
arthritis / rheumatism izületi gyulladás / reum a
wet weather nedves időjárás
every walk of life az élet minden területe
hay-fever szénanátha
respiratory légzőszervi
bronchitis légcsőhurut
tonsillitis mandulagyulladás
appendicitis vakbélgyulladás
food poisoning ételmérgezés
indigestion gyomorrontás
upsetting nyugtalanító
nervous breakdown idegösszeroppanás
crack-up idegkimerülés
fatigue fáradtság
mental hospital elmegyógyintézet
to join, -ed csatlakozik
rat-race hajsza, taposómalom
to avoid, -ed elkerül
tension feszültség
to breathe, -d belélegez
from morning till night reggeltől estig
animal fat állati zsiradék
in general általában

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P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N
ACCOMMODATION

10 .

ACCOMMODATION

These pictures show two types of accommodation. Compare and contrast them.
Include the following points:
■ What do you think of camping holidays?
■ Where can campsites usually be found?
■ What facilities does a camping site offer?
■ How can you spend your time there?
■ What advantages does camping have over staying in a hotel?
■ How do you book a hotel room?
■ How do you check in a hotel?

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
ACCOMMODATION

MODEL DESCRIPTION
The pictures depict two types of accommodation; a camping site and a hotel. Both
look really nice and pleasant. I think camping is an ideal way of spending your
holiday and it has become a great pastime for youngsters all over the world. Camp­
sites are usually situated beside clear streams, in green valleys between high
mountains, by a lake or pond, or at the seaside. So all the joys of outdoor sports are
available including water sports and hiking. Camping really provides you with a real
change from everyday life. Apart from hot showers most camping-sites offer other
facilities like flush toilets, drinking water, cooking areas, washing-up facilities,
guarded parking places, electricity, bungalows, restaurants, bathing and fishing
facilities and sports grounds.

I think camping has so much to offer. You can enjoy the absolute freedom and have
none of the headaches of advance hotel booking. For a relatively small sum you can
enjoy comfort. This low cost also makes camping an attractive type of holiday as
opposed to expensive hotels, which are not very popular with average holidaymakers.
It is so exciting to arrive at a camp-site and put up your tent or park your caravan.
You are active all the time and you are close to nature.

You can book a hotel room on the phone, or you can send an E-mail to make a
reservation. If they have vacancies and they are not all booked up, they can usually
offer you a choice of single rooms or suites, rooms with/without showers or private
baths. While booking, you have to make sure what room you want to take, whether
you want one with a view or overlooking the main street, one on the ground floor or
any of the top floors, and whether you just want breakfast or full board.

When you have arrived at the hotel you go up to the reception desk and show your
passport or I. D. to the receptionist. He/she will fill in a registration slip for you and
write your name in the hotel register. If you have not done it previously, it is good to
ask him about the price of the room per night and what meals and facilities this price
includes. Then the reception clerk will give you your key and the porter will show you
to your room and he will also take up your luggage. From then until the day you
decide to leave the hotel a valet will look after your personal needs. He will take your
clothes to the laundry or serve you meals, if you wish. When you decide to leave, you
give your key to the receptionist, check out and settle your bill.

VOCABULARY LIST
to depict, -ed bemutat
accommodation szállás
tent sátor
apart from eltekintve vmitől
flush toilet angol WC
guarded őrzött, őrrel ellátott
bathing fürdés
sports ground sportpálya
camping site kemping
pastime időtöltés
youngster fiatal
to be situated elhelyezkedik
stream patak, folyam

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PICTURE DESCRIPTION
ACCOMMODATION

pond tavacska
joy öröm
outdoor szabad levegőn végzett
hiking túrázás, hegymászás
valley völgy
available elérhető
absolute freedom teljes szabadság
advance booking előre történő lefoglalás
relatively viszonylagosan
small sum kis összeg
comfort kényelem
holidaymaker szabadságát töltő egyén
low cost alacsony költség, ár
attractive vonzó
as opposed to sg vmivel ellentétben
to put up felver
caravan lakókocsi
to book a hotel room hotel szobát lefoglal
reservation (le)foglalás
vacancy üresedés
all booked up tele van, le van foglalva
single room egyágyas szoba
suite lakosztály
to overlook the main street a fő utcára néz
full board teljes ellátás
registration slip bejelentkező lap
hotel register vendégkönyv
previously korábban
to show sy to one’s room felkísér a szobájába
valet hotelszolga
personal needs személyes igények
laundry tisztító
to check out kijelentkezik
to settle the bill kifizeti a számlát

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
SHOPPING

11 .

SHOPPING

These pictures show two types of shopping facilities. Compare and contrast them.
Include the following points:
■ What can you buy in a market place?
■ What is the difference between a supermarket and an ordinary shop?
■ Where do you prefer shopping?
■ Do you prefer self-service or counter service?
■ What are the advantages and disadvantages of supermarkets over small shops?
■ What is a big supermarket like?
■ What counters are there?

171
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
SH O PPIN G

MODEL DESCRIPTION
There are two types of shopping facilities in these pictures. The first one is a market
place, the second is a big supermarket. This is an open-air market place in the main
square of a nice little town. Housewives like going to the market place because the
choice of fresh fruit and vegetables is much wider there than in any shops. At the
stands private farmers sell their own home-grown products, free-range eggs, hens and
ducks. You can be sure that they were not fed on artificial feeds, because their skin is
much yellower. At the stalls you can get tomatoes, green pepper, cucumber, potatoes,
mushrooms, onions, garlic, horse-radish, kale, cauliflower, kohlrabi and other kinds of
vegetables, as well as all the tropical and seasonal fruits. Housewives love bargaining
in the market place and are happy to have got the thing they wanted at the lowest
possible price.

In a supermarket you can get almost everything under one roof. Almost all
supermarkets are self-service shops, which are very popular because you can see
many different varieties of the available products and you make your choice as you
please. I prefer shopping in a supermarket, but I know there are some people who
don’t like it. These people have to walk from shop to shop a long time till they can get
everything, if they haven’t forgotten half of what they originally wanted. Another
advantage of supermarkets is that they have lower prices than small shops. I suppose
this is because bulk sale is cheaper. But sometimes they cut the price of certain goods
so that people will come to them. However, people who are in favour of small shops
argue that their needs are much better looked after in a small shop and that the
assistants are more polite and attentive when serving them.

A large supermarket is usually brightly-lit and well-laid out. The goods are tidily
arranged on trays and long shelves on which the various prices are clearly marked or
the goods themselves are labelled. The shelves are well-stocked with a wide choice of
attractively packed goods, from deep-frozen food to washing powder. As you enter the
first counter is usually for fruit and vegetable, with its fresh fruit, mainly the ones in
season and tangerines, oranges, bananas, pineapples, pruned fruits like figs and
dates, tinned fruit, marmalade and lots of different kinds of vegetables. Next we
usually come to the confectionary shelves with all sorts of sweets, chocolate bars,
cakes, biscuits, fancy cakes, boxes of chocolates, candied peanuts and stuffed sweets.
Then comes the bakery counter, which is always well stocked with fresh white wheat
and brown rye bread, rolls and croissants, etc. After that, we come to the wine
counter, where dry and sweet wines are sold. Further down are the dry groceries,
where you buy flour, cereals, tea, spices and sugar. Everything is sold ready packed.
Vegetable and sunflower oils are sold ready-bottled. In every superm arket there is
also a big dairy counter with a large variety of dairy products: butter, margarine,
eggs, hard and soft cheese, milk, sour cream, sweet cream and fruit yoghurts. Next to
this is the meats and sausages counter. This counter sells ready-to-serve foods such as
roast chicken, prepared meats, French salads, etc. Here one is offered a variety of
sausages, ham, bacon, smoked pork, salami and other cold cuts. A special counter
handles packed meats. M eat is usually sold ready-weighed and packed. There is a wide
choice of fat and lean pork, beef, veal and minced m eat not to m ention semi-prepared,
ready-to-fry and ready-to-serve meats.
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
SH O PPIN G

VOCABULARY LIST
market place piac
stand stand, árusító pult
free-range hen háztájiban nevelt tyúk
artificial feed m esterséges táp
stall bódé
horse-radish retek
kale kelkáposzta
kohlrabi karalábé
tropical fruit déligyümölcs
seasonal szezonális
to bargain, -ed alkuszik
open-air nem fedett, szabadtéri
wide choice széles választék
fresh fruit friss gyümölcs
home-grown otthon term esztett
to feed, fed, fed etet
skin bőr
green pepper zöld paprika
cucumber uborka
onion vöröshagyma
garlic fokhagyma
cauliflower karfiol
the lowest possible price a lehető legalacsonyabb ár
under one roof egy fedél alatt
self-service önkiszolgáló
variety változat
article cikk, árucikk
make one’s choice kiválaszt
as you please ahogy tetszik
to be in favour of kedvel
attentive figyelmes
to serve, -d kiszolgál
available article kapható árucikk
bulk nagy mennyiség
to cut the price leviszi az árat
to look after one’s needs kielégíti vki igényeit
brightly lit fényesen kivilágított
to be well-laid out jó elrendezésű
tidily rendesen, szépen
tray tálca
to mark, -ed jelöl
deep-frozen mélyfagyasztott
washing powder mosópor
to label, -led címkével ellát
well-stocked jól ellátott
attractively packed szépen becsomagolt
to be in season szezonja van
tangerine mandarin
pineapple ananász
pruned fruit aszalt gyümölcs

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P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N
SHOPPING

fig füge
tinned fruit konzerv gyümölcs
confectionary édességek
chocolate bar tábla csokoládé
fancy cake díszített sütemény
candied peanuts cukorral bevont mogyoró
stuffed sweets töltött csoki/ szaloncukor
wheat búza
rye bread rozskenyér
croissant kifli
further tovább
dry groceries száraz csomagolt áru, fűszerek
sunflower oil napraforgó olaj
flour liszt
spices fűszerek
ready-packed előre csomagolt
ready-bottled előre palackozott
dairy products tejtermékek
soft cheese lágysajt
fruit yoghurt gyümölcsjoghurt
sausage kolbász
smoked pork füstölt disznóhús
roast chicken sült csirke
ready-weighed előre kimérve
lean sovány
veal borjúhús
minced darált
cold cuts felvágottak
to handle, -d kezel, bánik vele
not to mention nem is említve
semi-prepared / ready-to-fry félkész
ready-to serve food készétel
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
ROOM S IN TH E HOUSE

12 .

ROOMS IN THE HOUSE

These pictures show two rooms in a house / flat. Compare and contrast them. Include
the following points:
■ How does your kitchen compare with the one in the picture?
■ What labour-saving devices have you got in the kitchen?
■ What do you keep in the kitchen cupboards?
■ How does your bathroom compare with the one in the picture?
■ What do you keep on the bathroom shelves?

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
RO O M S IN TH E H O U SE

MODEL DESCRIPTION
In the first picture I can see a modern, light, spacious kitchen. In the second picture
there is a nicely tiled and furnished bathroom. Our kitchen is not this big - it is of
medium size - but the space is used very efficiently. The various items of kitchen
furniture are conveniently arranged in a continuous line around the walls. In this
sense it is similar to the kitchen in the picture. We cook by gas and we have the gas-
cooker right under the window. Here, the cooker is probably far from the window and
it is electric. There is an extractor fan right above it. In our kitchen, next to the
cooker is the sink unit with its stainless steel sink and the draining-board where I just
pile the already washed up dishes and let them dry. In the kitchen, we also have a
refrigerator with a small deep freeze, which is good for keeping our food fresh and
cool. I can’t see either a sink or a fridge in the kitchen in the picture, they are
probably built in.

Our kitchen is almost fully fitted; unfortunately we do not have a dishwasher, but we
have lots of other devices, which you can now find in nearly all households. In the
kitchen we have a cooker, a fridge, a toaster, a food processor, a mincer, a micro-wave
oven and a deep frier. We keep the washing machine and the hairdryer in the
bathroom while the vacuum cleaner, the floor polisher, the electric iron and the power
tools are kept in the store room.

There is never enough space in the cupboard, as we have a number of small things
that we have to place somewhere in the kitchen. Saucepans, frying pans, casseroles,
jugs, bowls, mugs, the kitchen scales, the mixer, pressure cooker, grater, cruet,
corkscrew and the rolling pin are kept in the kitchen cupboard. On the shelves there
are spices and the ingredients needed every day for cooking like salt, flour, sugar and
cooking oil. The working top of the cupboard has a heat and stain-resistant surface,
which can easily be wiped clean. We keep the coffee grinder and the percolator here.

The bathroom in the picture is really nice and modern. The tiles on the wall are in
accordance with the latest fashion and the towel rack is heated. The washbasin is
built into the white bathroom furniture. The bath tub is also white. At home, we have
a nice, large, green plastic tub in the bathroom and there is hot and cold running
water. The washbasin is beside the tub and over the washbasin there is a mirror. Both
the floor and the walls are tiled but the tiles are not so nice as the ones in the picture.
Between the tub and the wash basin there is a towel rack on the wall and a piled bath
m at on the floor. The soap dish is on the hand basin.

On one of the bathroom shelves we have toothbrushes, toothpaste, deodorants,

sprays, shampoo, bubble-bath mixture, body lotion and a nail brush; and on the other,
which is over the washing machine, we have detergents, washing powder and
furniture polish. We have a boiler/geyser in the bathroom, too, to provide us with
continuous hot water.

VOCABULARY LIST
spacious tágas
nicely tiled szépen kicsempészett
of medium size közepes méretű
space tér
efficiently hatékonyan
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
ROOMS I N THE HOUSE
various különböző
items of kitchen furniture a konyhabútor részei
conveniently arranged kellemesen el vannak rendezve
in a continuous line folyamatosan
in this sense ebben az értelemben
similar to sg hasonlóan vmihez
right közvetlen
electric cooker villanytűzhely
extractor fan szagelszívó
sink unit mosogató
stainless steel rozsdamentes acél
draining board csöpögtető
to pile, -d felhalmoz
let them dry hagyja megszáradni
to be built in be van építve
deep freeze mélyhűtő
labour-saving devices háztartási gépek
fully fitted teljesen felszerelt
household háztartás
dishwasher mosogatógép
food processor konyhai robotgép
mincer húsdaráló
micro-wave oven mikrohullámú sütő
deep fryer olajsütő
vacuum cleaner porszívó
floor polisher padló fényező
electric iron vasaló
power tools elektromos szerszámok
store room tároló
to place, -d elhelyez
saucepan lábas
casserole tűzálló edény
jug korsó
bowl tál
mug bögre, pohár
scales mérleg
pressure cooker kukta
grater reszelő
cruet ecet-, olajtartó üvegek
corkscrew dugóhúzó
rolling pin sodrófa
spices fűszerek
ingredients hozzávalók
working top munkafelület
surface felület
stain-resistant folttaszító
to wipe, -d töröl
coffee grinder kávédaráló
percolator kávéfőző
to follow the latest fashion követi a legújabb divatot
towel rack törölköző tartó
heated fűtött

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P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N
ROOMS IN THE HOUSE

tiled floor kőpadló

plastic tub műanyag kád
washbasin mosdó
vakolat
plaster
piled bolyhos
szappantartó
soap dish
bath mat kilépő
kézmosó
hand basin
toothbrush fogkefe
fogkrém
toothpaste
dezodor
deodorant
bubble-bath mixture habfürdő
testápoló
body lotion
körömkefe
nail brush
detergent / washing powder mosópor
bútorfény
furniture polish
villanybojler
boiler
gázbojler
geyser
folyamatosan
continually
to provide, -d ellát
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
H O BBIES

13 .

HOBBIES

These pictures show two different hobbies. Compare and contrast them. Include the
following points:
■ Why do you think people take up hobbies?
■ What are the most popular hobbies?
■ Have you got any pets?
■ What animals can people keep as pets?
■ What do you think of gardening?
■ What jobs need to be done in the garden from spring tall autumn?
■ What is your garden like?

MODEL DESCRIPTION
In the first picture there is a beautiful big black dog, who looks rather frightening to
strangers, but he/she must be very’ much attached to its owners. He/she is a pure­
bred and is an excellent watch-dog. He/she is lying in the garden and apparently
he/she is fairly satisfied. In the second picture, the man would be cutting the grass if
he did not have an automatic lawn mower. Since he has got one, he can afford to read
the newspaper while it is working.

I think the reason why people take up hobbies is that they feel they must do
something useful in their spare time. A hobby can provide an opportunity to do
something completely different from your usual work or make new friends and
exchange ideas. Moat people pursue these outside interests in order to keep

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 P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N
HOBBIES

themselves amused. Having a suitable pastime for your free hours can be a real
source of pleasure. What’s more a child’s hobby can later become his career.

As far as I know, keeping pets has always been a popular hobby. Gardening is
another one, as well as taking photos, printing and enlarging them. Some further
popular hobbies are angling, knitting, cooking, collecting stamps, napkins, coins;
making soft toys, gifts; drawing, painting or writing poetry, modelling, playing card
games and other party games, or doing sport.

I love animals, but unfortunately I can only afford to have a dog. She is a mongrel but
it does not matter much to me. I love her just the same. Her kennel is right outside
our front door and when she barks, she looks quite frightening, especially to
strangers. She is an excellent watch-dog. Other people keep cats, hamsters, guinea-
pigs, have finches or budgies in cages, or have big tanks with goldfish or terrapins in
them.

I think gardening is a healthy hobby. Some people, especially the elderly, can’t wait to
perform the first jobs in the garden at around the end of February or the beginning
of March. They dig and rake the soil and plant the vegetables and sow some seeds.
From the very moment the first plants come out they have to hoe the beds regularly
to get rid of weeds. They sometimes have to spray the vines. If you are a good
gardener and look after your fruit trees and plants properly, you will have a good
yield in summer and autumn. Every year, by the end of November, they have picked
and gathered everything from the orchard and the vineyard.

Part of our garden is a lawn. On its two sides there are thuyas and hedges and there
is a barbecue in the middle. In the orchard we have a cherry, an apple, a plum, an
apricot tree and three peach trees. In the vegetable garden we have the usual
vegetables like carrots, parsnip, onions and garlic for example. In the front garden we
have flowers, mainly roses, tulips and carnations.

V O C A B U L A R Y L IS T
frightening ijesztő
attached szerető
owner gazda
pure-bred fajtiszta
satisfied elégedett
watch-dog őrző-védő kutya
apparently nyilvánvalóan
automatic lawn mower automata fűnyíró
to afford, -ed megengedheti magának
to take up a hobby új hobbija lesz
completely teljesen
to exchange ideas kicseréli az ötleteit
suitable megfelelő
pastime szabadidő(s tevékenység)
to be amused szórakozni
source of pleasure öröm forrása
to pursue a hobby vmilyen hobbija van
what’s more sőt mi több
to angle, -d horgászni

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
H O BBIES

to knit, -ted kötni

to sew, sewed, sewn varrni
napkin szalvéta
soft toy kitömött játékfigura
modelling modellezés
to print, -ed nyomtat
to enlarge, -d nagyít, kasíroz, keretbe foglal
to collect stamps bélyegeket gyűjt
coin fémpénz
party game társasjáték
card game kártyajáték
mongrel keverék, korcs
it doesn’t matter much nem számít sokat
just the same akkor is
kennel kutyaház
to bark, -ed ugat
hamster hörcsög
guinea-pig tengeri malac
finch pinty
budgerigar / budgie papagáj
cage kalitka
fish tank akvárium
terrapin ékszerteknős
the elderly az idősebbek
can’t wait to... alig várja, hogy...
to perform a job munkát végez
to dig, dug, dug ásni
to rake, -d gereblyézni
soil talaj, föld
to plant, -ed elültet
to sow, sowed, sown seeds magot elvet
from the very moment attól a pillanattól
to come out előbújik, kibújik
to hoe, -d the beds megkapálja az ágyásokat
to get rid of megszabadul
weeds gyomnövények
to spray, -ed permetez
vine szőlőtőke
properly megfelelően
good yield jó termés
to pick, -ed (le)szed
to gather, -ed betakarít, begyűjt
orchard gyümölcsöskert
vineyard szőlőskert
lawn pázsit, gyep
thuya tujafa
hedge élősövény
barbecue kerti sütő
apricot tree sárgabarackfa
parsnip fehérrépa, zöldség
mainly főként
carnation szegfű

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TOURISM

14.

TOURISM

These pictures show two different ways of spending your holidays. Compare and
contrast them. Include the following points:

■ Where do you like to go on holiday?

■ Why do you think so many people travel nowadays?
■ W hat can you do at the seaside?
■ Why do you think so many tourists come to Hungary?
■ W hat are some of the tourist attractions in our country?
■ W hat cultural events can tourists attend?
■ W hat is Budapest like today?
■ W hat would you show a tourist in Budapest?

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T O U R ISM

MODEL DESCRIPTION
The two pictures depict two different ways of spending your holiday; at a lake or at
the seaside and in a city. I like both types of holiday, it depends on my mood which
one I prefer. When I am very tired, I try to break away from it all at least once a
year, usually in summer. Then it is good to find an out-of-the-way place miles from
anywhere, where there is peace and quiet. At other times I take pleasure in visiting
famous sights learning about other peoples, cultures and customs, tasting foreign
food and speaking foreign languages.
In my opinion travelling is the best way of relaxation and recreation. You know if I
stay at home, I can’t help dealing with my work or doing some household chores.
When I am away, I am calm, balanced and undisturbed by anybody and can devote all
my time to my family/friends/myself.

Nowadays everyone is crazy about travelling. People love moving around, they travel
both inland and abroad. There is more money about, which has brought an urge to
see places. People often travel on business, for pleasure, for relaxation, for education
or for their health. I don’t think there are any people in the world who don’t like
travelling. I love it, too. The only problem is that I can’t afford to travel as much as I
would like to. I have neither the money nor the time for it.

The sea is a most popular destination for people all over the world on their annual
holidays. Lots of holidaymakers go to the seaside in the high season. Seaside resorts
have many hotels, youth hostels, boarding houses and private rooms to let offering
bed and breakfast or full board. The most pleasant holiday resorts are by the warm
seas where you can sunbathe and swim in the salty waters. You can always admire
the sight of lovely rocks, sand and the clean sea.

I think one reason why so many tourists come to our country is the hospitality of the
Hungarians. Besides, the Carpathian Basin is at a crossroads for the traveller from
north to south, from east to west. Hungary also has various tourist attractions.
Visitors can enjoy the wonderful sights of Budapest, relax on one of the numerous
beaches of Lake Balaton, go and see the lovely Hungarian villages where traditions of
folk art are preserved and treasured, or visit some of the smaller but beautiful towns
like Veszprém, Kőszeg, Eger or Szentendre. They can go for outings in the romantic
‘Puszta’, the Great Hungarian Plain, where they can see the famous Hungarian stud
farms.

Hungary has a lively cultural life. The most popular cultural events attended by a lot
of tourists seem to be the open-air summer festivals held in different towns, such as
the Szeged Open-air Festival, the Sopron Festival Weeks, the Szentendre Summer or
the Veszprém Castle Concerts, while in spring the greatest event is the Budapest
Spring Festival. Apart from festivals, the Opera House, concert halls, open-air
theatres and museums are also visited by a lot of tourists, who are genuinely
interested in the cultural life of the country.

Today Budapest is a busy metropolis with a population of 2 million people. The city is
extremely rich in historical and cultural monuments, works of art and natural
beauties.

I think I would start the tour of Budapest by taking the tourist up Gellért Hill,
because this is the best point from which to see the panorama of the city. There is

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TO URISM

also a fortress on the top of the hill called the Citadel. Standing high above the city
on the highest point of the hill is the Statue of Liberty. Then I would take the visitor
to the centre of Buda where we can find Castle Hill. In its central square, the Trinity
Square, stands the famous Matthias Church. Next to the church we can see the
bronze statue of King Stephen I. and that of János Hunyadi. Behind the church is the
Fishermen’s Bastion, from which there is a magnificent view of the Danube with the
Houses of Parliament on the opposite bank. One of the best-known monuments in
Pest is the one in Heroes’ Square. It was erected in 1896 to commemorate the 1000th
anniversary of the founding of Hungary.

VOCABULARY LIST
mood hangulat
to break away from it all elszakad a hétköznapi gondoktól
at least legalább
out-of-the-way félreeső
miles from anywhere mérföldekre mindentől
peace and quiet béke és nyugalom
at other times máskor
to take pleasure in örömét leli vmiben
famous sights híres látnivalók
customs szokás
to taste, -ed megkóstol
relaxation kikapcsolódás
I can’t help nem tudom megállni, hogy ne
to deal, dealt, dealt with törődik vmivel
recreation felüdülés
household chore házimunka
balanced kiegyensúlyozott
undisturbed nyugodt
to disturb, -ed zavar
to devote, -d rááldoz, rászán
to be crazy about sg megőrül vmiért
to move, -d around mozog, utazik
inland belföldön
urge belső késztetés
to travel on business üzleti ügyben utazik
destination célállomás
annual éves, évi
holidaymaker szabadságát töltő egyén
high season főszezon
resort nyaralóhely
boarding-house panzió
to let, let, let kiad(ó)
full board teljes ellátás
to sunbathe, -d napozik
salty sós
to admire, -d csodál
sight látvány
rock szikla
hospitality vendégszeretet
Carpathian Basin Kárpát-medence

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 P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N
TOURISM

crossroads útkereszteződés
traveller utazó
tourist attraction idegenforgalmi látványosság
numerous számos
folk art népművészet
to preserve, -d megőriz
to treasure, -d nagyra becsül, kincsként őriz
to go for outings kirándulni megy
stud farm méntelep
lively élénk
to attend, -ed látogat
open-air festival szabadtéri fesztivál
apart from eltekintve
the greatest event a legnagyobb esemény
genuinely őszintén
busy metropolis forgalmas világváros
population népesség
to be extremely rich in sg rendkívül gazdag vmiben
work of art műalkotás
natural beauties természeti szépségek
tour túra
fortress erőd
trinity szentháromság
bronze statue bronzszobor
Fishermen’s Bastion Halászbástya
magnificent ragyogó
on the opposite bank a szemben lévő parton
monument emlékmű
to erect, -ed emel
to found, -ed megalapít
to commemorate, -d megemlékezik
anniversary évforduló
founding alapítás

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 P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N
TELEPHONING

15.

TELEPHONING

These pictures show three different means of telecommunication. Compare and

contrast them. Include the following points:
■ What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a mobile phone?
■ What are the advantages of mobile phones over traditional telephones?
■ Do you know how to use a public phone box?
■ How often do you watch TV in your family?
■ How many channels can you get on TV?
■ What do you think of TV programmes and their effect on young people?

1 86
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
TELEPH O N IN G

MODEL DESCRIPTION
In the first picture I can see a mobile phone, which is now very popular in the world.
In Hungary almost everybody has one. In the second picture, there is a traditional
phone box. The third picture depicts a television set broadcasting an animated
cartoon for children.

It is definitely very useful to possess a mobile phone, because you can be contacted
wherever you are. For instance, if you don’t go home in time, your mother doesn’t
need to worry about you. She will just give you a ring and you can explain to her why
you will be late. I often use my mobile phone for sending SMSs and MMS messages
to my friends. I like this way of communication, because in a few words I can convey
a lot of information. Also, SMS messages are quite cheap to send. The problem with
mobile phones is that people tend to use it in places where they shouldn’t. It is not
good if your phone rings when you are in church, at the cinema, at the bank or in
class.

According to the instructions, with the telephone, you pick up the receiver and wait
for the dialling tone. Then you insert a coin into the slot and begin dialling the
number. If you are calling a place in the same area, you just dial the number, but if it
is in another area you first dial the code for that area and then when you hear a sort
of musical sound you dial the particular number. For these long-distance calls the
charge is usually higher.

Television is part of modern life but it can do a lot of harm if it is not used carefully
and selectively. In our family, for example, my parents watch TV every evening. To
tell the truth I also like watching TV, because it brings the world into your home and
keeps you informed about what is happening. When I get home from school, I usually
switch it on. There is usually a rich choice of programmes. Quite often, the TV is just
on and provides background noise for our everyday activities.

I don’t know exactly how many channels I can get on TV, but there are quite a few.
There are the two national channels, the commercial and the local television
programmes, and lots of satellite channels. Most of the satellite programmes are only
good for language learning. Otherwise, they seem to be more after popularity than
quality. They consider the public to have no taste or intelligence at all. The films are
usually too violent for me and are full of aggression and murder. A great many of
them are also full of psychologically aberrant people for whom human life has not
much value. In my opinion, these films are also responsible for the spread of juvenile
delinquency and the drop in morals, as they poison the minds of the younger
generation.

VOCABULARY LIST
these days mostanában
traditional hagyományos
to depict, -ed bemutat
to broadcast, broadcast, broadcast közvetít
animated cartoon rajzfilm
definitely határozottan
to possess, -ed birtokol
to reach, -ed elér

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P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N
TELEPHONING

for instance például

in time időben
to give sy a ring felhív vkit
message üzenet
to convey, -ed átad
cheap olcsó
to tend to do sg hajlamos rá
decent illő, tisztességes
according to szerint
to pick up the receiver felveszi a kagylót
dialling tone tárcsahang
to insert, -ed bedob
coin fémpénz
clot rés, lyuk
to dial, -led tárcsázni
long-distance call távolsági beszélgetés
area code körzetszám
particular adott
charge díj
to do harm árt
selectively válogatva, szelektíven
to keep sy informed tájékoztat
to switch, -ed on bekapcsol
a rich choice gazdag választék
it is on be van kapcsolva
background noise háttérzaj
to provide, -d nyújt, ad
everyday activities m indennapi tevékenységek
to get a channel fog egy csatornát
quite a few egészen sok
commercial kereskedelmi
local TV helyi TV
satellite műhold(as)
otherwise egyébként
to be after hajt vmit, vágyik rá
popularity népszerűség
quality minőség
the public a közönség
taste ízlés
violent erőszakos
to be full of sg tele van vmivel
murder gyilkosság
a great many sok
aberrant normálistól eltérő
human life emberi élet
value érték
to be responsible for felelős
spread terjedés
juvenile delinquency ifjúkori bűnözés
drop esés, csökkenés
morals erkölcsök
to poison, -ed megmérgez
 P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N
BUILDING YOUR HOME

16 .

BUILDING YOUR HOME

These pictures show two houses. Compare and contrast them. Include the following
points:
* Have you ever seen a house being built?
* What does the bricklayer/ carpenter/ joiner/ tiler/ plumber/ glazier/
electrician/ plasterer/ painter/ decorator do?
* How can you get the money for building a house?
* How often do you redecorate the rooms?
■ What changes have you made in your house since you moved in?
■ How would you advertise your own house/flat if you wanted to sell it?

M O D E L D E S C R IP T IO N
In the first picture I can see a house being built. The walls are bare and the roof is
not ready yet The house in the second picture is a typical bungalow. It is newly built
and it has a beautiful garden. I have often seen buildings and houses being built but
not from the beginning to the end. The man who builds walls is called the bricklayer.
The bricks are stuck together with mortar. The carpenter does the woodwork of the
house. He puts strong wooden beams on the top so that they can support the roof.
Plumbers lay pipes and fix the guttering and drainpipes. Electricians put in all the
wires, lights and sockets. Then the joiner fixes the window-ledges and when the walls
are plastered he fixes the doors and other woodwork. The tiler fixes the tiles and
leaves the house ready for the painters and decorators.

18 9
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
BU ILD IN G YOUR HOME

To be able to have a house built or to buy a ready-made house you need to have
enough money to put down a deposit. The deposit has to cover the cost of the land
and some percent of the cost of the construction. Then you can get a bank loan at
quite a high interest rate and you pay it back in monthly instalments. If you have two
or more children, you may get a state grant, which you do not have to pay back. If
you are a good worker, you may even get an interest-free loan from the company you
are working for.

We do up our house every 5 to 6 years. There are certain things that we do ourselves
but mainly we have things done. Of course there is always a lot that needs doing to a
flat let alone a house. For example we had a new floor put in when we first moved in.
Then we had the doorway raised because it was very low and my father used to keep
banging his head. We also had new, big windows put in the living room and huge
cupboards in the kitchen because there was nowhere to store anything. We had the
small store-room converted into a toilet so that we had one downstairs too. We also
had a staircase built some years ago; before that we used to have outside stairs. There
is a big, light room upstairs which used to be two rooms, but we had a wall taken
down and it does make such a difference. We had all the ceilings lowered on this floor
because they had been far too high. We had the upstairs bathroom completely
redecorated two years ago but I am afraid the ceiling needs repainting again.

I would advertise our house / flat in the following way: Centrally situated magnificent
town residence. Four double bedrooms, luxury bathroom, upstairs and downstairs
toilets, hall, dining-room, kitchen, double garage, beautiful mature garden, gas-fired
central heating. In first-class condition. / The flat that everyone is looking for. Small
but comfortable, cheap to look after. 2 bedrooms and a hall with sliding glass French
windows opening onto a beautiful brick patio. Ultra modem kitchen. Central heating.
Quiet surroundings for only ... forints.

VOCABULARY LIST
a house being built épülő ház
bare csupasz
roof tető
bungalow földszintes családi ház
newly built új építésű
bricklayer kőműves
to stick, stuck, stuck ragaszt
mortar malter, habarcs
carpenter ács
woodwork famunkák
wooden beam fagerenda
to support, -ed alátámaszt
plumber vízvezeték-szerelő
lay, laid, laid pipes csöveket lefektet
to fix, -ed megcsinál, rendbehoz
gutter csatorna
drainpipe vízcső
wire vezeték
light villany
socket foglalat, konnektor
joiner asztalos

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 PICTURE DESCRIPTION
B U IL D IN G Y O U R HOM E

ledge párkány, szegély

to plaster, -ed bevakol
tiler csempéző, burkoló
decorator lakberendező
ready-made kész
to put, put, put down letesz
deposit előleg
to cover the cost of vmi költségeit fedezi
land telek
construction építés, építkezés
bank loan bankkölcsön
high interest rate magas kam at
instalment részlet
state grant állami tám ogatás
interest-free loan kam atm entes kölcsön
to do up one’s flat rendbe hoz, átalakít (lakást)
mainly főként
let alone nem is beszélve
have sg out in berakat, beszereltet
to move in beköltözik
to raise, -d felemel
to bang one’s head beüti a fejét
nowhere to store nincs hova elrakni
to convert into sg átalakít vmivé
staircase lépcsőház
to take down the wall lebontja a falat
it makes such a difference teljesen más
ceiling mennyezet
to lower, -ed leenged
it needs repainting festésre szorul
to advertise, -d hirdet, meghirdet
centrally situated központi fekvésű
residence nagy ház
double kétágyas, dupla
magnificent pompás, nagyszerű
luxury luxus
mature érett
gas-fired gáz fűtéses
central heating központi fűtés
condition állapot
cheap to look after olcsó fenntartású
sliding door tolóajtó
French window dupla tele ablakos
brick téglából épült
patio belső udvar
quiet surroundings csendes környezet

191
 Contents
E L Ő S Z Ó ............................................................................................................................................... 3

CONVERSATION.............................................................................................................................5
PERSONAL PARTICULARS, FAMILY................................................................................... 5
MAN AND SOCIETY...................................................................................................................11
ENVIRONMENT...........................................................................................................................20
SCHOOL.......................................................................................................................................... 31
W ORK..............................................................................................................................................38
LIFESTYLE.................................................................................................................................... 44
FREE TIME, ENTERTAINMENT............................................................................................55
TRAVELLING, TOURISM..........................................................................................................65
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY............................................................................................... 71

SITUATIONS.................................................................................................................................... 87

P IC T U R E D E S C R IP T IO N ......................................................................................................140
TRAVELLING.............................................................................................................................. 140
HOUSING.......................................................................................................................................143
SPORTS.......................................................................................................................................... 146
CLOTHING.................................................................................................................................... 149
ENTERTAINMENT.....................................................................................................................151
SEASONS...................................................................................................................................... 154
HOUSING.......................................................................................................................................157
FAMILY FESTIVALS................................................................................................................ 161
APPEARANCE / HEALTH......................................................................................................164
ACCOMMODATION...................................................................................................................168
SHOPPING.....................................................................................................................................171
ROOMS IN THE HOUSE......................................................................................................... 175
HOBBIES........................................................................................................................................ 179
TOURISM....................................................................................................................................... 182
TELEPHONING........................................................................................................................... 186
BUILDING YOUR HOME........................................................................................................ 189