small Vds: gDS =nCox W/L)(vOV)

rDS=1/gDS-> effective resistance=VDS/ID

Saturation-mode operation will be maintained up to the point that VD exceeds VG by that is, until

Amplifier : vDS = VDD – iDRD

vDS =VDD--(1/2)( knRDvGS – Vt^2)

vGSt= VGS + vgst



Av=dvDS/dvGS at VGB

Av = –knVGS –VtRd

Av = –knVovRD

Id=1/2kn*(vov)^2
Av=2IdRd/vov Avmax= 2Vdd/vov

iD=Vdd/Rd-(1/Rd)*Vd

ID 1/2* kn VGS Vt – 2 1/2knVOV)

VDS VDD – RDID

To ensure saturation-region operation, we must have

VDS VOV

iD 1/2*kn VGS vgs – Vt2

condition for amplification

vgs << 2VOV

gm=id/vgs=kn VGS – Vt



id kn VGS – Vtvgs Feedback VG VGS RSID

VGS VDS VDD – RDID

VDD VGS RDID

I IREF*[W L2/W L1]

gm=iD/vG at vGS VGS

Av=vds/vgs –gmRD