UNIT 0:

WELCOME TO OUR
CLASS

Greeting expressions.
1. Hey, Hey man, or Hi
2. How’s it going? or How are you doing?
3. What’s up?, What’s new?, or What’s going on?
4. How’s everything ?, How are things?, or How’s life?
5. How’s your day? or How’s your day going?
6. Good to see you or Nice to see you

The alphabet.

Phone numbers.
A telephone number serves as an address for switching telephone calls using a system of
destination code routing.Telephone numbers are entered or dialed by a calling party on the
originating telephone set, which transmits the sequence of digits in the process of signaling to
a telephone exchange. The exchange completes the call either to another locally connected
subscriber or via the PSTN to the called party. Telephone numbers are assigned within the
framework of a national or regional telephone numbering plan to subscribers by telephone
service operators, which may be commercial entities, state-controlled administrations, or
other telecommunication industry associations.
(ej. 00-1-212-324-4152)
English instructions.
We use instructions to tell someone how to do something. We usually use imperatives. They
do not sound too direct in this context:

[a cookery class]

Beat four eggs, like this. Then add the flour gradually. Don’t beat the eggs too much though.

[instructions on how to replace a missing button]

Thread your needle with a piece of thread about 25 cm long. Mark the spot where you want
the button. Insert the needle from the back of the fabric and bring it through …
Spoken English:
In speaking, we often use the present simple when we are giving instructions and
demonstrations, and we say like so meaning ‘like this’:

You fold the A4 piece of paper like so. Then you glue some shapes onto this side and sprinkle
some glitter on it like so.

.
The verb Be.

I am We are
Present simple: Affirmative You are You are
He/She/It is They are

Am I? Are we?
Question form: Are you? Are you?
Is he/she it? Are they?

We are not/aren’t
I am not/ I’m not
You are not/aren’t
Negative: You are not/ aren’t
They are not/aren't
He/She/It is not/ isn’t

I was We were
Past simple You were You were
He/She/It was They were

The past participle: been.

Present perfect: has/have been

Past perfect: had been

Classroom verbs.
ASK
LISTEN
POINT
READ
SAY
SPEAK
SPELL
TALK
THINK
USE
WATCH
WRITE
0.9. Classroom objects.
DESK
CHAIR
BOOK
PENCIL
STAPLER
CALCULATOR
BALLPOINT
SCOTCH TAPE
RULER
BLACKBOARD

UNIT I:
PERSONAL
INFORMATION

2. Possessive
adjectives.
Here are all of the possessive adjectives:

mi(s)
my

tu(s)
your (fam. sing.)

su(s)
his, her, your (formal), their

nuestro(-a, -os, -as)

our

vuestro(-a, -os, -as)

your (fam. pl.)

3. Nationalities and
languages.

Country Nationality Language

Argentina Argentine/Argentinean Spanish
Australia Australian English
Bolivia Bolivian Spanish
Brazil Brazilian Portuguese
Cambodia Cambodian Cambodian
4. Months of the year.
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

5. Days of the week.

lunes
Monday

martes
Tuesday

miércoles
Wednesday

jueves
Thursday

viernes
Friday

sábado
Saturday

domingo
Sunday

Addresses.
123 State Street
Apt. 100
Washington, DC
20000

UNIT II:
OUR CLASS
 1. Other ways to

introduce oneself.
My name’s Aaron.
Uh, what’s up guys. My name’s Todd.
Hi, my name’s Sara.

2. More classroom
objects.

Set square
Ruler
Glue
Beaker
Flask
Test tube
Funnel
Binder
Computer
Paper
File holder
Map
Magnifying glass
Clock
Blackboard
Globe

2. The time.
e use It is or It’s to respond to the questions that ask for the time right now.

It is five o’clock. (5:00) or It’s five (less formal)

It is seven o’clock (07:00) or It’s seven (less formal)

It is (a) quarter past eight. (8:15) or eight fifteen (less formal)

It is (a) quarter to three. (02:45) or two forty-three (less formal)

t is nine minutes to three. (2:51)

It’s eight minutes past one. (01:08)

Use the structure: “It’s + hour + minutes”, for example:

It’s eight fifty-five. (08:55)

It’s seven thirteen. (07:13)
 4. The seasons of the
year.

Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

5. Adjectives.

Common adjectives

 Good
 New
 First
 Last
 Long
 great
 little
 own
 other
 old
 right
 big
 high
 different
 small
 large
 next
 early
 young
 important
 few
 public
 bad
 same
 able

6. Prepositions of
location.
Preposition Use Sentences

above higher than sth. The picture hangs above my bed.

across from one side to the other side You mustn't go across this road here.

There isn't a bridge across the river.

after one follows the other The cat ran after the dog.

After you.

against directed towards sth. The bird flew against the window.

along in a line; from one point to another They're walking along the beach.

among in a group I like being among people.

around in a circular way We're sitting around the campfire.

7. Present
continuous.
El present continuous es un tiempo verbal equivalente a las siguientes construcciones del
español: yo estoy cantando, tú estás cantando, él está cantando, etc.

I am reading a magazine.
(yo) Estoy leyendo una revista.

They are dancing Lindy Hop.

(ellos) Están bailando Lindy Hop.

Si el verbo termina en Read Act

consonante, nos Leer Actuar
limitamos a añadir la
terminación final Reading Acting
Leyendo Actuando
Meet Draw
Conocer Dibujar

Meeting Drawing
Conociendo Dibujando
Si el verbo termina en Write Skate
vocal, esta Escribir Patinar
se suprime y
se sustituye por -ING Writing Skating
Escribiendo Patinando

UNIT III:
FOOD:

Food names.
salad
sandwich
bread
steak
tuna steak
fish
shrimp
rice
spaghetti
pizza
hamburger
eggs
cheese
sausages

Prepositions of
location (continued).

Prepositions of place are placed behind the main verb, which is usually the verb "to be"
(being, to be) in any of the past, present or future times and in its simple and
compound forms.

NEXT TO (BESIDE)

Meaning: next to, next to Use: Both "next to" and "beside" can be used
interchangeably. Using one form or another will depend on the speaker and the
context. Examples: The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (The supermarket is
next to the bank.) Sit next to (beside) me. (Sit next to me.)

How many and how

much to express
quantity.

The following expressions are often used in place of 'much' and 'many', especially in positive
sentences.
  a lot of
 lots of
 plenty of
 a great deal of
 a large number of
the majority of

These expressions can are combined with 'of' in the sense of 'most', 'many' or 'much'.

A lot of people enjoy listening to jazz.

A great deal of time is spent understanding these issues.

UNIT IV: (CONT.)

CLOTHINGS

1. Types of clothing.
array
beachwear

black
casuals
combats
civvies
drag
ensemble

3. Other prepositions of
location.

Above / Over
Above and Over have a similar meaning. The both mean "at a higher position than X" but
above normally refers to being directly (vertically) above you.

Planes normally fly above the clouds.

There is a ceiling above you.
There is a halo over my head. ;)
We put a sun umbrella over the table so we wouldn't get so hot.
Our neighbors in the apartment above us are rally noisy.
Over can also mean: physically covering the surface of something and is often used with the
word All as in All over.

There water all over the floor.

I accidentally spilled red wine all over the new carpet.
Over is often used as a Preposition of Movement too.

Under / Below
Under and Below have a similar meaning. They mean at a lower level. (Something is above it).

Your legs are under the table.

Monsters live under your bed.
A river flows under a bridge.
How long can you stay under the water?
Miners work below the surface of the Earth.

Colors.

Red.
Orange.
Yellow.
Green.
Blue.
Purple.
Brown.
Magenta.

5. Descriptions of what

people are wearing.

baggy adjective
baggy clothes are very loose on your body

best adjective
used for referring to your nicest or most expensive clothes that you wear on special occasions

boot-cut adjective
boot-cut trousers become slightly wider at the bottom so that they fit easily over boots

6. “How much” to ask

for prices.

how much does the shirt cost?

it costs four dollars and fifty-nine cents

how much is this shirt?

it is four dollars and fifty.nine cents
8. The use of “a and
an”.

The number one rule is this: if a word is countable (e.g. one book, two books), you must always
use an article (or my, his, etc.):

I read a book. √

I read book.

This is true even if there are adjectives before the noun:

He drives an old car. √

He drives old car.

Never use a or an with a word that is plural (e.g. books, trees) or uncountable (e.g. water,
advice):

I asked her for advice. √

I asked her for an advice.

Note that we use a in front of words that start with a consonant sound (a horse, a carrot) and
an in front of words with a vowel sound (an apple, an elephant).

9. Simple present with

“have

Pronoun Affirmative Negative sentence Question

s sentence

I I have books. I do not have books. Do I have books?

you You have books. You do not have books. Do you have books?

he, she, it He has books. He does not have book Does he have books
s. ?
we, you, They have book They do not have book Do they have books
they s. s. ?

UNIT IV:
CLOTHINGS

10. Types of clothing.

Types of clothes and shoes - thesaurus
Jackets and coats.
Trousers and shorts.
Underwear.
Suits.
Skirts and dresses.
Shoes, boots and slippers.
Parts of shoes, boots and slippers.
Sweaters and waistcoats.
12. Other prepositions of
location.

IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITE

Significado: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante de

Uso: La diferencia entre estas preposiciones la notamos cuando estamos hablando de

personas: “opposite” significa delante y cara a cara, en cambio “in front of” significa delante de
pero no cara a cara.

Ejemplos:

The hotel is in front of the station.(El hotel está en frente de la estación.)

The bank is opposite the market.(El banco está delante del mercado.)
Laura is standing in front of you.(Laura está de pie delante de ti.)
She is sitting opposite me.(Se está sentando en frente de mí.)
UNDER
Significado: debajo de

Ejemplos:

The ball is under the chair.(La pelota está debajo de la silla.)

The dog is under the tree.(El perro está debajo del árbol.)

17. The use of “a and

an”.

a + consonant sound

If the following word starts with a consonant sound, then we say a:

a cat
a game of golf
a human emotion
a Peruvian
a very nice lady

an + vowel sound

If the following word starts with a vowel sound, then we say an:

an apple
an easy job
an interesting film
an old man
an umbrella