Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Printed
in the United States.
ABSTRACT
Transparent discs of yttrium oxide, one centimeter in
diameter by several millimeters thick, have been pro-
duced by hot forging under vacuum at 950°C and I0,000-
12,000 psi for 48 hours. Lithium fluoride, required
to produce full transparency, is eliminated during the
sintering process. Optical absorption spectra of the
hot-forged samples are nearly identical to those
reported for single crystals.
Introduction
865
866 YTTRIUM OXIDE Vol. 2, No. 9
Experimental
Lindsay Code 1116 yttrium oxide was used for the majority
of this work. The average particle size (determined with an
MSA Particle Size Analyzer) was about 3 microns, with 90 per
cent of the sample in the 1-6 micron range. The Y203 powder
was milled with -325 mesh lithium fluoride (3-5 wt per cent)
for 12 hours in a plastic container, using several alumina
milling cylinders to break up agglomerates and acetone as the
milling vehicle. The acetone was removed by evaporation and the
powder was dried at 60°C in vacuum for 12-24 hours. The result-
ing powder was cold pressed at 3000 psi in a ?/8 inch I.D.
conventional steel die.
The arrangement shown schematically in Fig. i was used
ROD
ACUUM PORT
THERMOCOUPLE
;ISTANCE
IG ELEMENT
VACUUM JACk
Fig. I
Vacuum Hot Forging Assembly.
Vol. 2, No. 9 YTTRIUM OXIDE 867
*'//3*
/,'"/' /
.J ,///SINGLE CRYSTAL
¥
,q • /
m
er
-.c
Z
ql
,I,- PRESS FORGED Y,Os \
l-
0_. °
Z
~J
e,,
, , , , , ~\'!
,'~'~,
o
3 4 S Q 7 e 9 I0
WAVELENGTH IN MICRONS
FIG. 3
Infrared transmission. Curves normalized to 1.0 mm sample
thickness. Single crystal data from Ref. 5.