Nijolė Šeikienė

BEGINNER’S STUDY KIT -2

EXERCISE BOOK

Rinkinėlis pradedančiajam
PRATYBŲ SĄSIUVINIS
(Papildytas leidimas)

Panevėžys, 2014
.

Recenzavo: Irena Žalakevičienė Gamtos tyrimų centro Ekologijos instituto Leidybos ir informacijos
skyriaus anglų kalbos redaktorė

Zita Kasperiūnienė Panevėžio kolegijos Technologijos mokslų katedros

lektorė, anglų kalbos dėstytoja

Mokymo priemonė skirta kolegijų studentams (pasirinkusiems anglų kalbą, kaip antrąją
užsienio kalbą), ištęstinių studijų studentams bei visiems pradedantiesiems, kurie pasiryžę įgyti šios
kalbos pagrindus.

I have been unable to trace the copyright holder of the English in Development Work-Book 1.
– „ALIL“ Vilnius, 1992 and would appreciate any information that would enable me to do so.

ISBN 978-9955-722-96-0 ©Nijolė Šeikienė, 2014

©Panevėžio kolegija, 2014
 CONTENTS

SUDARYTOJOS ŽODIS .....................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................5
LESSON ONE ....................................................................................................................................13
LESSON TWO ...................................................................................................................................22
LESSON THREE ...............................................................................................................................37
LESSON FOUR .................................................................................................................................50
LESSON FIVE ...................................................................................................................................64
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL ....................................................................................................81
LITERATŪROS SĄRAŠAS ..............................................................................................................94
 Sudarytojos žodis

BEGINNER’S STUDY KIT -2, tai English in Development Work-book 1 pagrindu sudaryta

mokomoji priemonė skirta norintiems padėti tvirtus anglų kalbos pradmenų pagrindus. Mokymo

priemonę sudaro įvadas ir penkios pamokos. Įvadas yra skirtas taisyklingos anglų kalbos tarties

formavimui. Tai pat šiame skyriuje rasite pagrindines raidžių skaitymo taisykles bei sakinio

skaitymo ypatumus. Įvadą rekomenduoju mokytis kartu su dėstytoju ar mokytoju. Kiekvienos

pamokos pradžioje fragmentiškai išdėstomos pagrindinės struktūros pagal mokymosi temas, kurios

įtvirtinamos vėlesniuose pratimuose. Taip pat yra pateikiama mini pokalbių bei dažniausiai

sutinkamų išsireiškimų. Kiekvienos pamokos pabaigoje yra žodynėlis su tarimu bei vertimu

lietuviškai.

Mokymo priemonę skiriu kolegijos nuolatinių studijų studentams, pasirinkusiems anglų kalbą

kaip antrąją užsienio kalbą, ištęstinių studijų studentams norintiems atnaujinti kalbos vartojimo

įgūdžius, o taip pat ji gali būti naudinga visiems jau pramokusiems anglų kalbos, bet dar

neturintiems tvirtų anglų kalbos gramatikos pagrindų.

Linkiu sėkmės!
 INTRODUCTION
Įvadas

Anglų kalbos abėcėlę sudaro 26 raidės. Šios raidės arba raidžių junginiai gali reikšti daug
daugiau skirtingų garsų. Teisingai perskaityti raidę arba raidžių junginį padeda transkripcija, kurioje
kiekvienas garsas žymimas fonetiniu ženklu, rašomu laužtiniuose skliaustuose. Lentelėse pateikiami
anglų kalbos balsiniai bei priebalsiniai garsai su jų apytikriais atitikmenimis lietuvių kalboje.

PHONETIC SYMBOLS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SOUNDS

Fonetiniai ženklai

Vowels Diphthongs
Balsiams žymėti Dvibalsiams žymėti

[ɪ:] [ɪ] [u] [u:] [ɪә] [eɪ]

atitikmenų
trys litas pulti pūsti veikia
neturi

[з:]
[e] [ә] [ɔ:] [uә] [ɔɪ] [әu]
poetas
atitikmenų [ә:] kovas
atitikmenų
oi!
atitikmenų
neturi atitikmenų neturi neturi
neturi

[æ] [ʌ] [a:] [ɔ] [eә] [aɪ] [au]

atitikmenų
eglė kas? karas tomas kailis kaulas
neturi

Atsiminkite, kad anglų kalboje balsių ilginimas ar trumpinimas tariant, turi prasminę reikšmę.
Pavyzdžiui, palyginkite: sheep [ʃi:p] avis, ship [ʃɪp] laivas; heat [hi:t] karštis, hit [hɪt] trenkti,
suduoti.

Consonants
Priebalsiams žymėti

[p] [b] [t] [d] [tʃ] [dʒ] [k] [g]

[f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ]
[m] [n] [ŋ] [h] [l] [r] [w] [j]

5
 THE ENGLISH ALPHABET
Anglų kalbos abėcėlė

Spausdintinės Ranka Raidžių Spausdintinės Ranka Raidžių

raidės rašytos pavadinimas raidės rašytos pavadinimas
raidės raidės

Aa Aa [eɪ] Nn Nn [en]

Bb Bb [bi:] Oo Oo [әu]

Cc Cc [si:] Pp Pp [pi:]

Dd Dd [di:] Qq Qq [kju:]

Ee Ee [i:] Rr Rr [a:]

Ff Ff [ef] Ss Ss [es]

Gg Gg [dʒi:] Tt Tt [ti:]

Hh Hh [eɪtʃ] Uu Uu [ju:]

Ii Ii [aɪ] Vv Vv [vi:]

Jj Jj [dʒeɪ] Ww Ww ['dʌblju:]

Kk Kk [keɪ] Xx Xx [eks]

Ll Ll [el] Yy Yy [waɪ]

Mm Mm [em] Zz Zz [zed]

Pasakykite paraidžiui savo vardą, pavardę. ............................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................
Pasakykite paraidžiui savo gatvės/vietovės, miesto pavadinimą. .........................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................

6
 THE READING OF SOME CONSONANTS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS
Kai kurių priebalsių ir priebalsių junginių skaitymas

Raidžių pavadinimas Priebalsė arba priebalsių

Tarimas
abėcėlėje junginys
[si:] c prieš e, i, y = [s] kitaip [k]
[dʒi:] g prieš e, i, y = [dʒ]kitaip [g]
[dʒeɪ] j [dʒ]
[eks] x [ks, gz]
['dʌblju:] w [w]
['es'eɪtʃ] sh [ʃ]
['sɪ: 'eɪtʃ] ch [tʃ]
['sɪ: 'keɪ] ck [k]
['tɪ: 'eɪtʃ] th [θ][ð]
['en: dʒi:] ng [ŋ]
['en: 'keɪ] nk [ŋk]
['kju: 'ju:] qu [kw]
['pɪ: 'eɪtʃ] ph [f]

SILENT LETTERS
Neskaitomos raidės

b neskaitoma prieš t – doubt ['daut]

b neskaitoma žodžio gale po m – lamb ['læm], climb ['klaɪm]
g neskaitoma raidžių junginyje gn – sign ['saɪn]
h neskaitoma raidžių junginyje whe, whi – when [wen], which ['wɪtʃ]
gh neskaitoma raidžių junginyje igh – fight [faɪt], right ['raɪt]
k neskaitoma prieš n – know [nәu], knock ['nɔk]
w neskaitoma prieš r – wrong [rɔŋ], write ['raɪt]
w neskaitoma raidžių junginyje who – whole ['hәul], whose ['hu:z]
l neskaitoma raidžių junginyje alk – talk ['tɔ:k], walk ['wɔ:k]

THE READING OF VOWELS IN STRESSED SYLLABLES

Balsių skaitymas kirčiuotame skiemenyje

Pagrindiniai kirčiuoto skiemens tipai:

I – atdaras skiemuo baigiasi balse, pvz., me, by arba priebalse, po kurios eina nebylioji e, pvz.,
mete, bite. Tokio tipo skiemenyse raidė skaitoma taip, kaip ji vadinama abėcėlėje: me [mɪ:], bite
[baɪt].
II – uždaras skiemuo baigiasi priebalse, pvz., pen, pit. Tokio tipo skiemenyse balsė tariama
trumpai, pvz., pen [pen], pit [pɪt].
III – uždaras skiemuo, kuriame po balsės eina priebalsė r. Tokio tipo skiemenyse balsis ilgas: car
[ka:], fork [fɔ:k].
IV – atdaras skiemuo, kuriame po balsės ir priebalsės r eina netariamoji e arba kita balsė. Tokio
tipo skiemenyse balsė skaitoma kaip dvibalsis: care [kɜә], cure [kjuә], during ['djuәrɪŋ].

7
 THE READING OF VOWELS IN OPEN AND CLOSED SYLLABLES
Balsių skaitymas atvirame ir uždarame skiemenyje

Balsė ir jos pavadinimas a [eɪ] e [i:] i [aɪ] o [әu] u [ju:]

Tarimas atdarame skiemenyje [eɪ] [i:] [aɪ] [әu] [ju:]
Pavyzdys name mete mine note mute

Tarimas uždarame skiemenyje [æ] [e] [ɪ] [ɔ]1 [ʌ]

Pavyzdys man met hit not cut

Pagal minėtas skaitymo taisykles naudodamiesi viršuje esančia lentele, perskaitykite

žodžius:

[eɪ] [æ] [e] [i:] [aɪ] [ɪ] [әu] [ɔ] [ju:] [ʌ]
name let till home bun
cake be side nose jut
shave cent nice job jute
came see hide shot huge
Jack egg kite vote plum
scale peck gin pot hull
lace lee wing knob cute
pat gem ice drove hue
cat met gist Ron hung
fame led bid spoke sung
chap key write wrote tuck
hate spend ring woke must
same slept swim stock mute
rang sell sing phone musk
save we shine stone rust
sang left think loft tube
sad set wring stroke use
brake sea wise clock pump
spam press white go shut
sack he Bill stop tune

Perskaitykite ir parašykite transkripciją šiems veiksmažodžiams:

cut run dig drink pick

hide win stand smile write
bathe sit think knit take

1
Uždarame bei atdarame kirčiuotame skiemenyje o dažnai skaitoma [ʌ]: come [kʌm], month [mʌnθ], son [sʌn].
8
 THE READING OF TWO SYLLABLE WORDS
Dviskiemenių žodžių skaitymas

Jeigu dviskiemeniuose žodžiuose tarp balsių yra viena priebalsė, balsė kirčiuotame
skiemenyje skaitoma kaip atvirame skiemenyje (pvz., Cuba ['kju:bә]); jeigu tarp balsių yra dvi
priebalsės, tai balsė kirčiuotame skiemenyje skaitoma kaip uždarame skiemenyje, pvz., letter ['letә].
Nekirčiuotame skiemenyje balsiai redukuojami, t.y. tariami neaiškiai ir trumpiau, o kartais
net visai praleidžiami: sister ['sɪstә], a'side [ә'saɪd], absent ['æbsnt].

Perskaitykite lentelėje esančius žodžius taisyklingai tardami:

[ɪ] [aɪ] [ju:] [ʌ] [e] [ɔu] [ɔ]

sister Cuba at'tempt total
ivy pupil twenty poter
miner public seldom a'lone
silver student forget office
writing muffin ad'dress holding
written summit melow cotton
dining tulip sentence sofa
dinner summon velvet motive
sitting tumour terrace concert
winter custom e'vent a'long
gypsum a'muse ce'ment toner
driver tummy perish follow
ar'rive music medic hospital
be'side plummer welding token
de'cide stupid desktop hopeless
silent studio cellphone rolling-pin
system tuning member tonic
hyphen curious peril toneless
limit cunning meddler bonnet
binding butter terror poster

Balsė y žymi net 3 garsus: [ɪ], [aɪ], [j]

Uždarame skiemenyje ji tariama [ɪ], pvz: pyx ['pɪks]
myth ['mɪθ]
crystal ['kristl]
Atdarame skiemenyje ir vienskiemenio žodžio gale – [aɪ], pvz: type ['taɪp]
hyper ['haɪpә]
cry ['kraɪ]
O žodžio pradžioje – [j], pvz: yes ['jes]
you ['ju:]
yell ['jel]

Perskaitykite šiuos žodžius: my, yet, sky, yard, fly, lynx, yellow, oyster, by, Sydney, nylon,
rye-bread, hymn, hyperactive.

9
 THE READING OF CLOSED AND OPENED SYLLABLES WITH LETTER R
Balsių skaitymas uždarame skiemenyje su raide r

Atdaras skiemuo are ore ere ire ure

Tarimas
[eә] [ɔ:] [ɪә] [aɪә] [juә]
care more here fire cure
Pavyzdys

Uždaras skiemuo ar or er ir ur

Tarimas
[a:] [ɔ:] [ә:] [ә:] [ә:]
car fork term first turn
Pavyzdys

Pagal minėtas skaitymo taisykles naudodamiesi viršuje esančia lentele, perskaitykite žodžius:

-ar [a:] -or [ɔ:] -er [ә:] -ir [ә:] -ur [ә:]
-are [eә] -ore [ɔ:] -ere [ɪә] -ire [aɪә] -ure [juә]
bark born her fire fur
march core term bird curse
charm short verse firm church
charge store person tired burn
card port merge dirty urgent
garden orchard fern third surgeon
shark shore German girl murmer
hare orbit serve birth furious
fare wore mere shirt spur
far torn sphere wire pure
car score cereal mire curious
share horn sermon hire curl
cart organ here shirk lure
care corn fertile chirp purse

Jeigu dviskiemeniuose žodžiuose po kirčiuoto skiemens su priebalsiu r kitas skiemuo

prasideda taip pat priebalsiu r, tai kirčiuotame skiemenyje balsė skaitoma kaip paprastame
uždarame skiemenyje, pvz., hurry ['hʌrɪ], current ['kʌrәnt].

Perskaitykite: ferry, curry, horror, terror, carry, stirrup.

Uždarame skiemenyje po w, wh, qu raidė a žymi garsą [ɔ], pvz.,what ['wɔt], wash ['wɔʃ], squash
[skwɔʃ], o raidžių junginys ar žymi garsą [ɔ:], pvz.,war [wɔ:].
Prieš dvigubą ll arba prieš l, po kurios eina kita priebalsė, raidė a žymi garsą [ɔ:]: ball [bɔ:l],
salt [sɔ:lt].
Perskaitykite: fall, malt, call, tall.

Jeigu prieš junginį or yra w, tai junginys skaitomas [ә:].

Perskaitykite: work [wә:k], word, world, worm.

10
 THE READING OF SOME VOWELS AND VOWELS WITH SOME CONSONANTS
Kai kurių balsių ir balsių + priebalsių junginių skaitymas

[eɪ] [aɪnd]
ai, ay ind
maid, gay kind, grind
[ɔ:] [a:s]
au, aw ass
haul, saw pass, class
[ɪ:] [a:sk]
ee ask
tree mask, cask
[ju:] [u:] [a:st]
eu, ew ast
feud, chew fast, cast
[әu] [pa:θ]
oa ath
loaf, coat path
[ɔɪ] [u]
oi, oy ull (sh)
toil, toy pull, push
[u] (prieš k), [u:] [ɪ:], [e]
oo ea
book, tool tea, bread
[eә] [ɪ:], [eɪ]
air ei
pair, hair seize, eight
[ɪә], [eә] [eɪ]
ear ey
hear, bear they
[ɪә] [әu], [au], [ʌ]
eer ou
deer shoulder, count, country
[ɔ:] [әu], [au]
oar ow
roar show, town
[uә] [aɪ:], [ɪ:]
oor ie
poor, moor pie, piece
[auә] [ә:], [ɪә]
ower ear+prieb.
shower learn, beard
[әuld] [auә], [ɔ:]
old our
cold hour, pour
[aɪld]
ild
wild

Perskaitykite: pail, see, due, fool, choose, neutral, slow, soap, tail, cue, spoon, been, shawl,
deep, week, Jewish, heard, mild, cold, hold, fold, peace, board, bawl, low, cheer, cheap, chief, coal,
heat, hew, lie, boil, few, tower, sheep, hair, peer, boat, meet, fair, sow, tear, dawn, down, near,
niece, law, chair, clear, dear, fear, pear, sneer, beer, hoard, soar, four, power, find, rind, bay, moor,
cause, raid.

–– To be or not to be: that is the question ––

Būti ar nebūti – štai klausimas

11
 THE READING OF SENTENCES
Sakinių skaitymas

Anglų kalboje sakinyje paprastai kirčiuojami reikšminiai, arba savarankiški žodžiai, t.y.
daiktavardžiai, būdvardžiai, skaitvardžiai, veiksmažodžiai, prieveiksmini, jaustukai. Sakinyje
paprastai nekirčiuojami: artikeliai, dalelytės to, there, kai kurie įvardžiai, pagalbiniai ir modaliniai
veiksmažodžiai (išskyrus kai kuriuos atvejus), prielinksniai ir jungtukai.
Žodžius sakinyje tarti izoliuotai negalima. Nekirčiuoti skiemenys (žodžiai) prisišlieja prie
kirčiuoto prieš juos arba po jų einančio skiemens ir tariami greitai. Kad ir kaip būtų keista, labai
svarbu balsius minėtuose nekirčiuojamuose žodžiuose bei skiemenyse redukuoti, t.y. tarti neaiškiai.
Pirmas kirčiuotas skiemuo paprastai turi aukščiausią toną, visi kiti kirčiuoti skiemenys
tariami laipsniškai mažėjančiais tonais, kol tonas paskutiniame kirčiuotame skiemenyje kinta, t.y.
kyla aukštyn arba žemyn. Krintantis tonas paprastai žymi užbaigtą, tvirtą, kategorišką ryžtingą frazę
ir tai dažniausiai vartojamas konstatuojamuose sakiniuose. Kylantis tonas paprastai žymi
neužbaigtą, nekategorišką frazę, kartais juo perteikiama tam tikra potekstė (neryžtingumas,
nerūpestingumas ir kt.).
Ilgesnis sakinys paprastai dalijamas į prasmines grupes, t.y. žodžio arba žodžių junginius,
sudarančius prasminius vienetus (sintagmas), kurie atskiriami vieni nuo kitų tono pakitimu.

12
 LESSON ONE
PLURAL FORMS OF THE NOUNS
Daiktavardžių daugiskaita

[s] [z] [iz]

one book two books one bag two bags one family two families
student students car cars baby babies
map maps word words lady ladies
cat cats room rooms country countries
coat coats apple apples box boxes

PLURAL FORMS OF IRREGULAR NOUNS

Netaisyklingų daiktavardžių daugiskaita

man men child children person people

woman women foot feet tooth teeth
mouse mice life lives knife [naɪf] knives [naɪvz]
half [ha:f] halves [ha:vz] wife [waɪf] wives [waɪvz] leaf ['lɪ:f] leaves ['lɪ:vz]

THE DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES

Žymimasis ir nežymimasis artikelis

The definite article

the

Singular: the girl the apple the man

Plural: the girls the apples the men

The indefinite article

a, an

Singular: a girl an apple a man

Plural: girls apples men

ADJECTIVES WITH NOUNS

Būdvardžiai su daiktavardžiais

the book the girl an apple

the red book the pretty girl a red apple
the red books the pretty girls red apples

a good radio a good car a nice pie a nice apple

a car radio a radio car an apple pie a pie apple

–– We live and learn ––

Kol gyveni, tol mokaisi

13
 THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Asmeniniai įvardžiai

Singular Plural
I we
you you
he
she they
it

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB BE

Veiksmažodžio būti asmenavimas

I am or I’m We are or We’re

You are or You’re You are or You’re
He is He’s
She is or She’s They are or They’re
It is It’s

Examples:

I am tired. John is happy.

He is happy. You are cold.
She is a teacher. The family is big.
We are ready. The houses are big.
They are busy. John and Frank are unwell.
It is a coat. The boys are students.
The boy is a student. The student is ready.

STATEMENTS, QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES

Tiesioginiai, klausiamieji ir neigiamieji sakiniai

Statement: The student is very busy.

Question: Is the student very busy?
Negative: The student is not very busy.

CONTRACTIONS WITH THE VERB BE

Trumpiniai su veiksmažodžiu būti

or
----------- We aren’t I’m not We’re not
You aren’t You aren’t You’re not You’re not
He isn’t They aren’t He’s not They’re not
She isn’t She’s not
It isn’t It’s not

14
EXERCISE 1. Write the plural form.

1. girl ...... girls ............. 8. baby .......................... 15. class .........................

2. book .... books........... 9. man ........................... 16. room ........................
3. dress ......................... 10. box ........................... 17. woman .....................
4. boy ........................... 11. child ......................... 18. student .....................
5. coat .......................... 12. story ......................... 19. family ......................
6. tooth .......................... 13. wife ........................... 20. life ............................
7. church ....................... 14. mouse ........................ 21. foot ...........................

EXERCISE 2. Write a or an before each word.

1. .... a .. lady 7. ........ child 13. ....... family

2. ......... dish 8. ........ egg 14. ....... apartment
3. ......... word 9. ........ student 15. ....... man
4. ......... apple 10. ....... dress 16. ....... e-mail address
5. ......... coat 11. ....... house 17. ....... story
6. ......... orange 12. ....... book 18. ....... car

EXERCISE 3. Write the plural form.

1. the red book ......................................... the red books ...............

2. a white egg ......................................... white eggs ...................
3. the tall boy ...............................................................................
4. a happy girl ...............................................................................
5. an interesting story ...............................................................................
6. a good computer ...............................................................................
7. the red car ...............................................................................
8. a tall man ...............................................................................
9. the small child ...............................................................................
10. the white house ...............................................................................
11. a pretty coat ...............................................................................
12. an orange dress ...............................................................................
13. a difficult word ...............................................................................
14. a big family ...............................................................................
15. a new address ...............................................................................
16. the big car ...............................................................................
17. the big flat ...............................................................................
18. a pretty baby ...............................................................................
19. the tall girl ...............................................................................
20. a good story ...............................................................................

A. Daiva, this is Rebeka.

B. Hi, Rebeka. Nice to meet you!
A. Nice to meet you too!

–– One man is nobody ––

Vienas lauke ne karys
15
EXERCISE 4. Write the plural form.

1. the book ........... .........the books .. 8. a baby ............... ............................

2. a box ................ .........boxes ........ 9. the woman ........ ............................
3. the story ........... ........................... 10. an apple ............ ............................
4. the room ........... ........................... 11. the child ............ ............................
5. a student ........... ........................... 12. an address ......... ............................
6. the boy ............. ........................... 13. the page ............ ............................
7. a bag ................ ........................... 14. a person ............ ............................

EXERCISE 5. Use am, is, or are.

1. She…… busy. .................. She is busy ...............................................

2. I …… a student. .....................................................................................
3. They ……here now. .....................................................................................
4. It ……very easy. .....................................................................................
5. John ……American. .....................................................................................
6. The sun ……very hot. .....................................................................................
7. I ……happy today. .....................................................................................
8. She ……from Japan. .....................................................................................
9. Mary ……pretty. .....................................................................................
10. The boy … a student. .....................................................................................
11. The hat ……very big. .....................................................................................
12. The rooms ……very cold. .....................................................................................
13. Mary and Helen ……students. .....................................................................................
14. The big boxes ……heavy. .....................................................................................
15. The girl … in the room now. .....................................................................................
16. The weather … very nice today. .....................................................................................
17. The people … from England. .....................................................................................
18. John and Frank … from Europe. .....................................................................................
19. We ……in the United States now. .....................................................................................
20. Lithuania ……very small. .....................................................................................

EXERCISE 6.Change the underlined words to the plural.

1. He is here. .................. They are here ............................................

2. The boy is a student. .................. The boys are students ...............................
3. She is from Europe. .....................................................................................
4. It is pretty. .....................................................................................
5. I am ready now. .....................................................................................
6. You are a student. .....................................................................................
7. The girl is in the house. .....................................................................................
8. The house is very big. .....................................................................................
9. The book is interesting. .....................................................................................
10. I am Lithuanian. .....................................................................................
11. The man is a doctor. .....................................................................................
12. The woman is from Japan. .....................................................................................
13. The girl is a student. .....................................................................................
14. It is very difficult. .....................................................................................
15. He is Latvian. .....................................................................................

16
 16. The car is very big. .........................................................................
17. The tall lady is nice. .........................................................................
18. The new camera is here. .........................................................................
19. The American girl is there. .........................................................................
20. The tall boy is a student. .........................................................................

EXERCISE 7. Make questions.

1. He is happy. ..................................... Is he happy? ....................................................

2. She is pretty. ..............................................................................................................
3. You are from Europe. ................................................................................................
4. Mary is very happy. ...................................................................................................
5. They are ready now. ..................................................................................................
6. The boy is small. .......................................................................................................
7. The house is big. ........................................................................................................
8. They are students here. ..............................................................................................
9. Mr Brown is busy now. .............................................................................................
10. Mr and Mrs Smith are here. ......................................................................................
11. English is very easy. ..................................................................................................
12. English is an easy language. ......................................................................................
13. Vanessa and Marek are students. ..............................................................................
14. The English book is interesting. ................................................................................
15. The children are in the house. ...................................................................................

EXERCISE 8. Make negatives.

1. She is ready. …………………..She is not ready…………………………………...

2. English is easy. ..........................................................................................................
3. They are tired. ...........................................................................................................
4. Mr Smith is here. .......................................................................................................
5. She is a teacher. .........................................................................................................
6. I am ready. .................................................................................................................
7. The box is heavy. ......................................................................................................
8. Mr Black is busy today. .............................................................................................
9. The doctor is from Europe. .......................................................................................
10. The tall boy is a good student. ...................................................................................

A. Hello, Ina. A. Simona, it‘s good to see you again.

B. Hi, how are you? B. Hi. How are you?
A. Fine, thank you. And you? A. Not so bad. Simona, this is a new
B. I’m very well, thanks. student Kate Monro.
B. Nice to meet you, Kate.
C. Nice to meet you too, Simona.

–– Knowledge is power ––
Mokslas – didelė galybė

17
EXERCISE 9. Make contractions with the underlined words.

1. She is very pretty. ………………She’s very pretty………………………………..

2. He is not a doctor. .....................................................................................................
3. I am a student here. ...................................................................................................
4. We are from South America. .....................................................................................
5. It is very cold today. ..................................................................................................
6. They are students. ......................................................................................................
7. You are not a teacher. ................................................................................................
8. I am not a doctor. .......................................................................................................
9. They are not ready yet. ..............................................................................................
10. They are not in the room. ..........................................................................................
11. It is a laptop. ..............................................................................................................
12. It is not in the house. .................................................................................................
13. It is not in the room. ..................................................................................................
14. I am not a student. .....................................................................................................
15. He is very handsome. ................................................................................................
16. We are not ready yet. .................................................................................................
17. She is not here now. ..................................................................................................
18. It is quite hot today. ...................................................................................................
19. It is not cold today. ....................................................................................................
20. I am not very tired. ....................................................................................................
21. You are a teacher. ......................................................................................................
22. He is not a teacher. ....................................................................................................
23. She is not a student. ...................................................................................................
24. It is interesting. ..........................................................................................................
25. He is not very tall. .....................................................................................................
26. They are here now. ....................................................................................................

Translate into English.

1. Ar jis amerikietis? ...........................................................................................................

2. Tos didelės dėžės yra sunkios. ........................................................................................
3. Aš – lietuvė......................................................................................................................
4. Ar vaikai kambaryje? ......................................................................................................
5. Tas aukštas vaikinas iš Paryžiaus? ..................................................................................
6. Oras šiandien nuostabus. O taip, malonus.......................................................................
7. Šiandien labai karšta........................................................................................................
8. Mes dar nepasiruošę. .......................................................................................................
9. Ar skanu?.........................................................................................................................
10. Jų nėra auditorijoje. .........................................................................................................
11. Tai nėra lengva. ...............................................................................................................
12. Mokykla yra judrioje vietoje. .........................................................................................

A. See you soon. I hope we meet again.

B. Yes, I‘ll probably see you on Sunday.
A. Yes, let‘s keep in touch.

–– Never too late to learn ––

Mokytis niekada nevėlu

18
Read the emails and put them in the correct order.

(a)
To ......
Subject.
Hi. My name‘s Laura. I am a student in Lithuania but I‘m on holiday in London in England now.
I‘m interested in learning English. Please, write to me (in English).

(b)
To........
Subject.
Hi, Amanda.Thank you for the email. Lithuania is not a big country. It is in the centre of
Europe.The weather is nice here. It is not very cold in winter and quite good in summer.I am in
Brighton with my friend Lukas now.

(c)
To........
Subject.
Hello, Laura.My name is Amanda and I am a student from the United States of America.I am
interested in your coutry. My grandmother is not American. She is from Lithuania from
Kupiškis.Tell more about your country.

(d)
To.........
Subject.
Hello again, Laura. It is always good to hear from you.I hope you like the weather in England too.
Is Brighton a busy place?

1......
2......
3......
4.......

Write an email about you .Write your name, country, hobby, interests.

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

A hungry man, an angry man

Alkanas žmogus piktas

19
 VOCABULARY FOR LESSON ONE

address [ә'dres] adresas interesting ['ɪntrɪstɪŋ] įdomus

always ['ɔ:lwәz,-weɪz] visada it [ɪt] jis, ji (gyvūnams
ir daiktams)
American [ә'merɪkәn] amerikietis Japan [dʒә'pæn] Japonija
and [әnd];kirčiuota ir lady ['leɪdɪ] ponia, dama
forma[ænd]
apple ['æpl] obuolys laptop ['læptɔp] nešiojamas
kompiuteris
baby ['beɪbɪ] kūdikis like [laɪk] panašiai, mėgti
big [bɪg] didelis Lithuanian [ˌlɪθju:'eɪnɪәn] lietuvis, lietuvių
body ['bɔdɪ] kūnas make [meɪk] (pa)daryti,
pagaminti
book [buk] knyga man [mæn] žmogus, vyras
box [bɔks] dėžė men [men] vyrai
boy [bɔɪ] berniukas Mr ['mɪstә] ponas
busy ['bɪzɪ] užsiėmęs,judrus Mrs ['mɪsɪz] ponia
camera ['kæmәrә] fotoaparatas Ms [mɪz] ponia
car [ka:] mašina new [nju:] naujas
child [tʃaɪld] vaikas nice [naɪs] geras, malonus
children ['tʃɪldrәn] vaikai now [nau] dabar
church [tʃә:tʃ] bažnyčia orange ['ɔrɪndʒ] apelsinas,
oranžinė
(spalva)
class [kla:s] klasė, pamoka page [peɪdʒ] puslapis
coat [kәut] paltas, people ['pi:pl] žmonės
apsiaustas place [pleɪs] vieta,padėti
practise [præktɪs] mokytis,užsiimti
cold [kәuld] šaltas pretty ['prɪtɪ] gražus, mielas
country ['kʌntrɪ] šalis, kaimas quite [kwaɪt] gana, ganėtinai
delicious [dɪ'lɪʃәs] nepaprastai ready ['redɪ] pasiruošęs
skanus
difficult ['dɪfɪkәlt] sudėtingas red [red] raudonas
dish [dɪʃ] dubuo, valgis, room [ru:m,rum] kambarys
patiekalas
do [du:] daryti, veikti school [sku:l] mokykla
doctor ['dɔktә] gydytojas she [ʃɪ];kirčiuota ji
forma[ʃi:]
dress [dres] suknelė, small [smɔ:l] mažas
rengti(s)
easy ['i:zɪ] lengvas, student ['stju:dәnt] studentas,
lengvai moksleivis
egg [eg] kiaušinis sun [sʌn] saulė
email ['i:meɪlә'dres] elektroninio tall [tɔ:l] aukštas (apie
address pašto adresas ūgį)
English ['ɪŋglɪʃ] anglas, anglų teacher ['ti:tʃә] mokytojas,
dėstytojas
Europe ['juәrәp] Europa The United [ju'naɪtɪd steɪts JAV
exercise ['eksәsaɪz] pratimas, States of әv ә'merɪkә]
mankštintis America
family ['fæmәlɪ] šeima they [ðeɪ] jie, jos
flat [flæt] butas tired ['taɪәd] pavargęs
from [frәm;kirčiuota nuo, iš today [tә'deɪ] šiandien
forma[frɔm]

girl [gә:l] mergaitė unwell [ʌn'wel] nesveikas,

negaluojantis
good [gud] geras, tinkamas use ['ju:z] naudoti
handsome ['hænsәm] gražus, dailus very ['verɪ] labai
(apie vyrą)
happy ['hæpɪ] laimingas we [wi:] mes

20
 he [hɪ];kirčiuota jis weather ['weðә] oras
forma[hi:]
heavy ['hevɪ] sunkus white [waɪt] baltas
hear girdėti, gauti
žinių,laiškų
here [hɪә] čia woman ['wumәn] moteris
hot [hɔt] karštas women ['wɪmɪn] moterys
house [haus] namas word [wә:d] žodis
I [aɪ] aš yet [jet] dar, vis dar
in [ɪn] į (vidų), vietoje you [ju];kirčiuota tu, jūs
/ namie forma[ju:]

Write the plural form and transcription of the following nouns:

the tree the engineer

the garden the knife
the wife the shirt
the husband the word
the father the floor
the mother the ceiling
the worker the window
the president the apple
the teacher the sofa

Repeat after the teacher:

[f] – [θ] [d] – [ð]

fin - thin day - they

fought - thought doze - those
firm - therm dare - there
first - thirst den - then
free - three dense - thence
furred - third doe - though
loaf - oath bade - bathe
roof - tooth load - lothe
safe - faith

–– Kings have long arms ––

Karaliai viską gali

21
 LESSON TWO
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Paprastasis esamasis laikas

Paprastasis esamasis laikas žymi įprastinius veiksmus, dažnai pasikartojančius arba vykstančius
nuolatos.
STATEMENTS
Tiesioginiai sakiniai
Singular Plural
I work We work
You work You work
He
She works They work
It
Notice the spelling:
Atkreipkite dėmesį į vienaskaitos trečiojo asmens rašybą ir tarimą:
I work I teach I live
It works [s] she teaches [ɪz] he lives [z]

speak speaks (kalba) wash washes (plauna) know knows (žino)

ask asks (klausia) fix fixes (taiso) cry cries (verkia)
write writes ( rašo) exercise exercises play plays (žaidžia)
drink drinks (geria) (mankštinasi) go goes (eina)
Examples:_______________________________________________________________________
I work every day. The teacher knows the answer.
I work in a store. The boy knows the man.
I work hard. The man knows the boys.
He practises English every day. The boy likes the girl.
He studies very hard. The boys like the girl.
NEGATIVES
Neigiamieji sakiniai
Singular Plural
I do not (don’t) work We do not (don’t) work
You do not (don’t) work You do not (don’t) work
He
does not (doesn’t)
She They do not (don’t) work
work
It
QUESTIONS
Klausiamieji sakiniai
Singular Plural
Do I work? Do we work?
Do you work? Do you work?
he
Does she work? Do they work?
it
22
 THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE OF DO AND HAVE
Paprastasis esamasis laikas su do ir have

1 I do We do 1 I have (got) We have (got)

2 You do You do 2 You have (got) You have (got)
He He
has
3 She does They do 3 She They have (got)
(got)
It It

STATEMENTS, QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES

Tiesioginiai, klausiamieji ir neigiamieji sakiniai

Statement: They work every day.

Question: Do they work every day?
Negative: They do not work every day.

Statement: He studies every day.

Question: Does he study every day?
Negative: He does not study every day.

Statement: Tom has a job.

Question: Does Tom have a job?
Negative: Tom does not have a job.

THE WORDS THIS AND THESE, THAT AND THOSE

Žodžiai su parodomaisiais įvardžiais this ir these, that ir those

NEAR THE SPEAKER

Arti/prie/šalia kalbančiojo

this boy this girl this apple this red book

these boys these girls these apples these red books

this cheese this milk this mug this work

these bananas these shoes these days these jobs

–– Practice makes perfect ––

Dirbi ir mokaisi

23
 NOT NEAR THE SPEAKER
Toliau nuo kalbančiojo

that boy that girl that apple that red book

those boys those girls those apples those red books

Examples:
This is a book. That is a flower.
This book is interesting. Those books aren‘t That flower is pretty.
interesting. Are those flowers yellow? No, they‘re orange.
These are apples. Those are oranges. Is that an ID? Yes, it’s an ID.
Is that a box? Yes, this is a box. Are those keys? Yes, they’re keys.
Are these exercises difficult? No,they are
easy.

PREPOSITIONS IN AND ON
Prielinksniai in ir on

The table is in the garden. The book is on the table.

The book on the table is interesting.The book on the table in the garden is interesting.

in The boss is in the office.

The flowers in the garden are white.
Jane lives in the United States.She lives in New York. She works in a big store.

on The picture is on the wall.The picture on the wall is pretty.

The toy is on the floor.The toy on the floor is new. It is lovely.

Notice these special uses.

Atkreipkite dėmesį į šių žodžių vartojimo ypatumus.

These words are singular: money, news, information, the United States.
The money (pinigai) is on the table.
The news (žinia, žinios) is good today.
That information is interesting.
The United States is very big.
The word people (žmonės) is plural, e.g. Those people are from Lithuania.
The word clothes (drabužiai) is only plural, e.g. These clothes are clean.
The word handsome (gražus) usually describes males.
The word good-looking (gražus,žavus) describes males or females.
The words pretty and beautiful describe females, children and objects:
a handsome man a pretty chair
a good-looking man a beautiful child
a good-looking woman a beautiful woman
a pretty girl,woman a beautiful flower

–– After meat, mustard ––

Popiet šaukštai
24
EXERCISE 10.Use this and these.

1. ...this... picture 11. .............. books

2. ...these... words 12. .............. dish
3. ....…….. page 13. .............. women
4. .............. flower 14. .............. child
5. .............. people 15. .............. weather
6. .............. classes 16. .............. news
7. .............. store 17. .............. coats
8. .............. pictures 18. .............. money
9. .............. car 19. .............. boxes
10. .............. church 20. .............. people

EXERCISE 11.Use that or those.

1. ...that... boy 11. .............. word

2. ...those... doctors 12. .............. children
3. .............. girls 13. .............. man
4. .............. women 14. .............. baby
5. .............. box 15. .............. countries
6. .............. language 16. .............. ladies
7. .............. computer 17. .............. dress
8. .............. people 18. .............. news
9. .............. money 19. .............. books
10. .............. students 20. .............. woman

EXERCISE 12.Change these words to the plural form.

1. this book ......these books........ 11. that child ...............................

2. that table ......those tables........
3. this pencil ..............................
4. that school .............................
5. this page ................................
6. this car ..................................
7. that man ................................
8. this house ..............................
9. that picture ............................
10. that woman ...........................
12. that class ...............................
13. that answer ............................
14. that store ...............................
15. that word ...............................
16. this lesson .............................
17. that student ...........................
18. that man ................................
19. this country ...........................
20. that question .........................

A.Excuse me. I think that’s my jacket.

B.Hmm. I don’t think so. I think this is MY jacket.
A. Oh. You’re right. I guess I made a mistake.

–– First think, and then speak ––

Pirma pagalvok, paskui išsižiok

25
EXERCISE 13.Use that or those.

1. ..That .. picture is very interesting. ……That……

2. Is …………book interesting? ………………
3. …………tables are very big. ………………
4. Are………men from Europe? ………………
5. Does………woman like coffee? ………………
6. ………student has a car. ………………
7. ………children are very happy. ………………
8. ………windows are very big. ………………
9. Are………boxes very heavy? ………………
10. Do………girls come from Spain? ………………
11. ………tall girl is very pretty. ………………
12. ………questions are difficult. ………………
13. Is………new student from China? ………………
14. Do………men speak English? ………………
15. ………flowers are very beautiful. ………………
16. Does………boy know………girls? ………………
17. Do you study………book every day? ………………
18. ………women are students here. ………………
19. ………boy is very smart. ………………
20. Do………girls know the answer? ………………

EXERCISE 14. Answer the questions.

Question Answer

1. Is she English? Yes, she is.

2. Is he Lithuanian? No, ………
3. Are we ready? No, ………
4. Is this room 962? Yes, ………
5. Are you tired? No, ………
6. Is it delicious? Yes, ………
7. Are they happy? Yes, ………
8. Are you cold? No, ………
9. Is that interesting? Yes, ………
10. Is he handsome? Yes, ………
11. Am I happy? Yes, ………
12. Is this a map? No, ………

A. Are those your car keys, sir? Student. Excuse me, what page are we on?
B. Oh, yes! Thank you very much. Teacher. Twenty six.

–– Wait and see ––

Pagyvensim – pamatysim
26
EXERCISE 15.Use have or has.

1. He … has …… new shoes. 13. John and Mary ………… a baby.

2. They …………… two books. 14. He and I …………… good friends.
3. John …………… a garden. 15. The men …………… many questions.
4. I ……………… a new CD. 16. The children ………… toys.
5. She …………… a red pencil. 17. The boy …………a new mobile phone.
6. We …………… a good teacher. 18. The women ………… new jobs.
7. You …………… a nice house. 19. The girl …………… a friend.
8. I ……………… a computer. 20. Mr Brown …………… a big house.
9. Mary ………… a red hat. 21. We ……………… three books.
10. Mr Smith ………… a car. 22. The student …………… a laptop.
11. I ……………… many friends. 23. The girl …………… a red mug.
12. We …………… a small camera. 24. She …………… pretty shoes.

EXERCISE 16.Use is or are.

1. The children ........ are .................in the house.
2. The news ............................... very bad today.
3. The people ...................................... here now.
4. The men ....................................... interesting.
5. The woman ................................. very pretty.
6. The family .................................... quite busy.
7. The United States ..................................... big.
8. The people .............................. from Palanga.
9. The money .................................. on the desk.
10. The girl ...................................very beautiful.
................. are .................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

EXERCISE 17.Use in or on.

1. The students are .. in............... the room now. ................. in ...................................

2. Does John work ................................ a store?
3. Is the photograph .................... the front wall?
4. The book ................... the table is interesting.
5. Is the rug .............................. the floor pretty?
6. The two coats are ........................... the chair.
7. The flowers ................. the garden are pretty.
8. Does Ann live .................................... Berlin?
9. The words ........................ this page are easy.
10. The words ................. that book are difficult.
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

A. Is that your car?

B. Yes, it is.
A. How old is it?
B. It‘s twenty-one years old.
A. Wow!

–– To err is human ––
Klysti žmogiška
27
EXERCISE 18. Add words like tall, new, pretty, busy, happy, difficult, easy, tired, interesting,
fine, beautiful, big, good, etc.

1. a ...................... boy ........................... a tall boy; a busy boy ...............................

2. the ................... girl
3. that .................. mobile phone
4. an .................... job
5. the ................... houses
6. those ................ students
7. the ................... box
8. ......................... weather
9. an .................... book
10. these ................ flowers
11. a ...................... man
12. those ................ women
13. the ................... words
14. a ...................... lesson
15. the ................... coat
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

EXERCISE 19.Use do, does, am, are or is.

1. ............Do......... you know many English words? .................. Do ................................

2. ............Is ........... that tall boy from China?
3. .......................... the books on the table interesting?
4. .......................... those students study hard?
5. .......................... the children in the classroom now?
6. .......................... you come from Lithuania?
7. .......................... the money in the drawer?
8. .......................... Bob like milk in the coffee?
9. .......................... that nice family from the United States?
10. .......................... those words seem hard?
11. .......................... Tim and John work hard?
12. .......................... those women students here?
13. .......................... Johnny need new shoes?
14. .......................... Ms Brown from Europe?
15. .......................... Mr and Mrs Smith teach English?
16. .......................... the teacher have a smart phone?
17. .......................... that girl in the College now?
18. .......................... the identity card on the table?
19. .......................... you know Mrs Potter?
20. ........................ students spend much money on books?
21. ..........................I right? Oh, yes, you are.
22. .......................... they ask many questions ?
23. ………………. the church very old?
24. …………….... you have flowers in the garden?
25. ………………..the news good today?
.................. Is ..................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

A.Julia, look at that man over there! He’s my new boyfriend.

B.Oh, right, he’s lovely.

28
Translate into English.

1. Ar jūs iš Londono? .....................................................................................................................

2. Ar knygos įdomios? ....................................................................................................................
3. Ar jūs kilęs iš Latvijos? ..............................................................................................................
4. Ar jūsų bosas malonus? ..............................................................................................................
5. Ar mokaisi iš šios knygos kasdien? ............................................................................................
6. Ar ši mergina studentė? ..............................................................................................................
7. Ar studentai turi nešiojamus kompiuterius? ...............................................................................
8. Ar ponia ir ponas Džonsonai dirba šioje kompanijoje? ..............................................................
9. Ar pažįsti naująjį anglų kalbos mokytoją? .................................................................................
10. Ar jums patinka Lietuva? ...........................................................................................................
11. Ar jie geri draugai? ....................................................................................................................
12. Ar tos merginos čia yra studentės? ............................................................................................
13. Ar tai mobilusis telefonas? ........................................................................................................
14. Ar tai mano pinigai? ..................................................................................................................
15. Ar tos knygos įdomios? .............................................................................................................

Work with a partner to practise making similar dialogues that are at the bottom of the pages.

................................................................................................................................................................
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................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

Student. Excuse me, how do you say this word?

Teacher. It‘s Lithuania.
Student. Can you say that again, please?
Teacher.Yes, it‘s Lithuania.

–– Old friends and old wine and old gold are best ––
Draugas ir vynas – kuo senesnis, tuo geresnis

29
EXERCISE 20. Make contractions with the underlined words.

1. I do not like coffee. . .................................. I don’t like coffee. ...................................................

2. He does not know the girl. . ........................................................................................................
3. They do not study hard. .............................................................................................................
4. She does not smoke cigarettes. ..................................................................................................
5. We do not spend much money. .................................................................................................
6. He is very handsome. ................................................................................................................
7. I am not a boss here. ..................................................................................................................
8. You are a good student. .............................................................................................................
9. He does not have a pencil. .........................................................................................................
10. It is very hot today. ....................................................................................................................
11. He is not tired now. ...................................................................................................................
12. We do not work every day. ........................................................................................................
13. They are not here now. ..............................................................................................................
14. I am not a politician. ..................................................................................................................
15. I do not like milk very much. ....................................................................................................

EXERCISE 21.Use doesn’t, don’t, aren’t, isn’t or am not.

1. The book ……isn’t ……on the table. ....................... isn’t .........................

2. The students …………study very hard. ........................................................
3. The men ………… from Poland. ........................................................
4. I ………… ready yet. ........................................................
5. That woman ………… come from Europe. ........................................................
6. The children ………… in the room. ........................................................
7. Those people ………… like coffee. ........................................................
8. Miss Smith ………… a student here. ........................................................
9. Mr and Mrs Brown ………… study English. ........................................................
10. The money ………… on the table now. ........................................................
11. That student ………… know the answer. ........................................................
12. You ………… from England. ........................................................
13. We ………… know that word. ........................................................
14. Mr Brown ………… busy today. ........................................................
15. Ron ………… work in that store. ........................................................
16. The girls ………… in the front room. ........................................................
17. She ………… have a new car. ........................................................
18. They ………… spend very much money. ........................................................
19. The words on this page ………… difficult. ........................................................
20. We ………… have many friends yet. ........................................................

A. How do you feel today?

B. I feel fine /okay/ great.
A. I’m glad to hear that.

–– Hear much, speak little ––

Daug klausykis, mažai kalbėk
30
EXERCISE 22. Change I to he or she.

1. I know the answer. ............................... He knows the answer. .................................................

2. I’m not ready yet. .......................................................................................................................
3. I like milk very much. ...............................................................................................................
4. I’m very tired now. ....................................................................................................................
5. I don’t know that boy. ...............................................................................................................
6. I’m quite hungry now. ...............................................................................................................
7. I have a new suit. .......................................................................................................................
8. I don’t have a mobile phone. .....................................................................................................
9. I work in a big supermarket. ......................................................................................................
10. I have many friends. ..................................................................................................................
11. I don’t have much money. .........................................................................................................
12. I learn new words every day. .....................................................................................................
13. I’m a student in that college. .....................................................................................................
14. I don’t like coffee very much. ...................................................................................................
15. I write emails every day. ............................................................................................................
16. I have questions. ........................................................................................................................
17. I live in Lithuania. .....................................................................................................................
18. I have an identity card. ..............................................................................................................
19. I’m in the country. .....................................................................................................................
20. I need a friend. ...........................................................................................................................

EXERCISE 23.Change he, she and it to they.

1. He studies very hard. ........................... They study very hard. . ................................................

2. It’s very pretty. ..........................................................................................................................
3. He knows English very well. .....................................................................................................
4. She doesn’t know that man. .......................................................................................................
5. He speaks French very well. ......................................................................................................
6. She’s not very old. .....................................................................................................................
7. He goes to school every day. .....................................................................................................
8. Saulius lives in the United States. .............................................................................................
9. He has a new car. .......................................................................................................................
10. She’s ready now. .......................................................................................................................
11. He doesn’t buy oranges every day. ............................................................................................
12. She doesn’t have a job. ..............................................................................................................
13. It’s in the front room now. .........................................................................................................
14. She works in a big company. .....................................................................................................
15. It’s quite difficult. ......................................................................................................................
16. He doesn’t know the answer. .....................................................................................................
17. She has many problems. ............................................................................................................
18. He lives in a country. .................................................................................................................
19. She doesn’t have a big car. ........................................................................................................
20. It’s quite big. ..............................................................................................................................

A. How do you feel today?

B. So-so. /Not so good./ I feel terrible.
A. I’m sorry to hear that.

–– After joy comes annoy ––

Iš didelio juoko-ašaros
31
EXERCISE 24.Change the underlined words to the plural.
(part one)
1. It is beautiful. ....................................... They are beautiful. . ....................................................
2. The boy isn’t a student. .............................................................................................................
3. That man doesn’t speak French. ................................................................................................
4. The child isn’t in the room. .......................................................................................................
5. This house is very old. ...............................................................................................................
6. That boy isn’t a student. ............................................................................................................
7. Does this book seem hard? ........................................................................................................
8. That woman is a teacher. ...........................................................................................................
9. This word is quite difficult. .......................................................................................................
10. Is the teacher from New York? ..................................................................................................
11. Does he have a new car? ............................................................................................................
12. I don’t like coffee. .....................................................................................................................
13. This word isn’t new. ..................................................................................................................
14. That new car is beautiful. ..........................................................................................................
15. Are you a student here? .............................................................................................................
16. Do you have an email address? .................................................................................................
(part two)
17. He has a new suit. .......................................................................................................................
18. He has a big house. ....................................................................................................................
19. That tall man is a politician. ......................................................................................................
20. This is an easy lesson. ...............................................................................................................
21. Is the house very big? ................................................................................................................
22. Does she work in an office? .......................................................................................................
23. The flower is very beautiful. ......................................................................................................
24. The new student isn’t here yet. ..................................................................................................
25. This car isn’t very big. ...............................................................................................................
26. Are you a doctor? ......................................................................................................................
27. Does he live in Paris? ................................................................................................................
28. She lives in Spain. .....................................................................................................................
29. This house is quite big. ..............................................................................................................
30. That pretty girl is from Poland. .................................................................................................
31. The student in that class is from Italy. .......................................................................................
32. This question is very easy. .........................................................................................................
33. Is that student from Vilnius College? ........................................................................................
34. That new word is difficult. ........................................................................................................
35. Do you live in a flat? .................................................................................................................
Translate into English.
1. Man nelabai patinka pienas. ......................................................................................................
2. Ji nerašo elektroninių laiškų kiekvieną dieną. ...........................................................................
3. Tomas kasdien mokosi naujų angliškų žodžių. . ......................................................................
4. Tautkai gyvena didelėje sodyboje kaime....................................................................................
5. Jis tų pinigų neturi. ....................................................................................................................
6. Mes šio žmogaus nepažįstam. ...................................................................................................
7. Ji nelabai moka prancūziškai. ....................................................................................................
8. Ar tai didelė problema? .............................................................................................................
9. Ji turi naują, raudoną kostiumėlį. ...............................................................................................
10. Ar jie kasdien perka laikraščius? ...............................................................................................
32
EXERCISE 25.Change these statements to questions and negatives.

(part one)

1. They like coffee. ……. Do they like coffee? . …………They don‘t like coffee. ….…………
2. The boy knows the answer. .......................................................................................................
3. The boys work in a store. ..........................................................................................................
4. You know many new words. .....................................................................................................
5. John studies very hard. ..............................................................................................................
6. They go to school every day. .....................................................................................................
7. She asks many questions. ..........................................................................................................
8. They spend much money. ..........................................................................................................
9. Mr Brown speaks very fast. .......................................................................................................
10. You understand the lesson. ........................................................................................................
11. They write many emails. ...........................................................................................................
12. He knows English words. ..........................................................................................................
13. Hope speaks Spanish well. ........................................................................................................
14. The boys like tea. .......................................................................................................................
15. The women come from Europe. ................................................................................................

(part two)

16. Ms Brown teaches English. .......................................................................................................

17. The new student is smart. ..........................................................................................................
18. Helen lives in New York. ..........................................................................................................
19. English is an easy language. ......................................................................................................
20. The men work in a supermarket. ...............................................................................................
21. That’s a new rug. .......................................................................................................................
22. Those people like this country. ..................................................................................................
23. That tall boy is Polish. ...............................................................................................................
24. Mary and Helen are students here. ............................................................................................
25. That student studies every day. ..................................................................................................
26. The English book is interesting. ................................................................................................
27. The baby cries very much. .........................................................................................................
28. The pretty girl is from Paris. ......................................................................................................
29. This seems very difficult. ..........................................................................................................
30. He writes letters every day. .......................................................................................................
31. Jane speaks German. ..................................................................................................................
32. They go there every week. .........................................................................................................
33. It’s an interesting story. .............................................................................................................

A. What a lovely dress.You look great.

B. Thank you.

A. Alice, these are my children. This is Tom and this is Sandra.

B. Hi, Tomas! Hi, Sandra!

–– To carry water into the sea ––

Į mišką malkas vežti
33
EXERCISE 26. Change these statements to negatives and questions.

(part one)

1. I know that word. …… I don’t know that word. ……………Do you know this word? ..............
2. He understands that lesson. .......................................................................................................
3. They go to college every day. ....................................................................................................
4. She asks many questions. ..........................................................................................................
5. Frank writes many letters. .........................................................................................................
6. The men come from Brazil. .......................................................................................................
7. The teacher speaks very fast. .....................................................................................................
8. That boy works very hard. .........................................................................................................
9. I study the lesson every day. ......................................................................................................
10. Those people like the garden. ....................................................................................................
11. I speak French well. ...................................................................................................................
12. Those boys live in Warsaw. .......................................................................................................
13. Mr Smith teaches Russian. ........................................................................................................
14. We know many Italian words. ...................................................................................................
15. John and Jane have many friends. .............................................................................................

(part two)

16. They spend much money. ..........................................................................................................

17. The box is very heavy. ...............................................................................................................
18. She studies every afternoon. ......................................................................................................
19. The tall student is from Spain. ...................................................................................................
20. He speaks that language. ...........................................................................................................
21. That’s an old church. .................................................................................................................
22. Ted works very hard. .................................................................................................................
23. The girls are in the front room. ..................................................................................................
24. The new students understand this. .............................................................................................
25. That woman is a politician. ........................................................................................................
26. Mr Brown flies to England every year. .....................................................................................
27. The English book is on the table. ..............................................................................................
28. I work in a big store. ..................................................................................................................
29. The red pencils are in the drawer. .............................................................................................
30. We need money. ........................................................................................................................
31. Rita has a new boyfriend. ..........................................................................................................
32. These apples are from the garden. .............................................................................................
33. She likes that class very much. ..................................................................................................

A. Are you OK?

B. No, these boxes are in the way. Can I move them?
A. Sure, go ahead.
B. Thanks.Can I use that cart?
A. Yes, help yourself.

–– Laughter, the best medicine ––

Juokas – geriausias vaistas
34
Translate into English.

1. Geri studentai mokosi kiekvieną popietę....................................................................................

2. Politikai skraido į Briuselį kas savaitę. .......................................................................................
3. Ar tie klausimai sunkūs? ............................................................................................................
4. Ši istorija atrodo labai įdomi. .....................................................................................................
5. Ar jūs iš Panevėžio kolegijos? ....................................................................................................
6. Ar lietuvių kalba lengva? ............................................................................................................
7. Ar tiems žmonėms patinka Vilnius? ...........................................................................................
8. Ar jums reikia šių pinigų? ..........................................................................................................
9. Ar turi raktą? ...............................................................................................................................
10. Ar geros šiandien naujienos? ......................................................................................................

Read aloud in pairs and write down your partner‘s answers.

CAC Bank

Bank clerk: Okay, so I need a few details. What‘s your first name, please?
Customer: It‘s Henrikas. .....................................................................................
BC And what‘s your surname?
C Vitkauskas. .....................................................................................
BC How do you spell that, please?
C It‘s V-I-T-K-A-U-S-K-A-S .....................................................................................
BC Lovely. And how old are you?
C I am 43. ……………………………………………………………...
BC Okay…and what‘s your address?
C It‘s 47 Margirio Street, Panevėžys 501638 ..................................................................
BC Thanks. Are you married?
C No, I am single (divorced) …………………………………………………………… ......
BC What‘s your home phone number?
C 45-57 12 83……………………………………………………………………………… ........
BC Thank you very much.

Read the information below and fill in the gaps about yourself.

Emergency Room

My full name is Linda Vidugiris.

My address is 145 Main Street, Rockford, the U.S.A.
My mobile/home phone number is 861334879
My Social Security number is SD045 – 27 – 3968
My full name is .............................................................................
My address is .................................................................................
My mobile/ home number is ..........................................................
My Social Security number is ........................................................

–– A friend in need is a friend indeed ––

Draugą nelaimėje pažinsi

35
 VOCABULARY FOR LESSON TWO
afternoon [ˌa:ftә'nu:n] popietė to miss [mɪs] pasigesti, nesuspėti
answer ['a:nsә] atsakyti, atsakymas mobile ['mәubaɪlfәun] mobilusis telefonas
phone
ask [a:sk] klausti money ['mʌnɪ] pinigai
car [ka:] automobilis much [mʌtʃ] daug (su
bad [bæd] blogas neskaičiuotinais d.)
beautiful ['bju:tɪfәl] gražus mug [mʌg] puodukas
boss [bɔs] viršininkas need [ni:d] reikėti
buy [baɪ] (nu)pirkti news [nju:z] žinios, naujiena
chair [tʃɜә] kėdė old [әuld] senas
China ['tʃaɪnә] Kinija on [ɔn] ant
coffee ['kɔfɪ] kava Paris ['pærɪs] Paryžius
come [kʌm] ateiti Poland ['pәulәnd] Lenkija
company ['kʌmpәnɪ] kompanija pen [pen] rašiklis
country ['kʌntrɪ] šalis politician [ˌpɔlɪ'tɪʃn] politikas
cry [kraɪ] verkti, verksmas pencil ['pensl] pieštukas
coursebook ['kɔ:sbuk] vadovėlis photograph ['fәutәgra:f] fotografija
day [deɪ] diena picture ['pɪktʃә] paveikslas
desk [desk] rašomasis stalas question ['kwestʃәn] klausimas
drawer [drɔ:] stalčius rug [rʌg] kilimėlis
do lessons ruošti pamokas Russia ['rʌʃә] Rusija
every ['evrɪ] kiekvienas seem [si:m] atrodyti
fast [fa:st] greitas shirt [ʃә:t] marškiniai
fine [faɪn] geras, gražus, malonus shoes [ʃu:z] batai
fix [fɪks] taisyti, remontuoti smart [sma:t] gudrus, protingas
floor [flɔ:] grindys, aukštas Spain [speɪn] Ispanija
flower [flauә] gėlė speak [spi:k] kalbėti
fly [flaɪ] skrydis, skristi spend [spend] išleisti, praleisti
friend [frend] draugas store [stɔ:] parduotuvė
front [frʌnt] priekis study ['stʌdɪ] mokytis, studijuoti
garden ['ga:dn] sodas suit [su:t] kostiumas, tikti
German ['dʒә:mәn] vokietis, vokiečių table ['teɪbl] stalas
go [gәu] eiti, vykti tea [ti:] arbata
good-looking ['gud'lukɪŋ] gražus, žavus teach [ti:tʃ] mokyti, mokytojauti
green [gri:n] žalias that [ðæt] tas, anas, tai
hard [ha:d] stropiai, atkakliai these [ði:z] šie, šitie, tai
how [hau] kaip? those [ðәuz] tie, anie, tai
hungry ['hʌŋgrɪ] alkanas there [ðɜә] ten
ID (identity [ˌaɪ'di:] asmens tapatybės kortelė toy [tɔɪ] žaislas
card) try [traɪ] mėginti, stengtis
job [dʒɔb] darbas understand [ˌʌndә'stænd] suprasti
know [nәu] žinoti Warsaw ['wɔ:sɔ:] Varšuva
key [ki:] raktas, klavišas wall [wɔ:l] siena
learn [lә:n] mokytis wash [wɔʃ] plauti
lesson ['lesn] pamoka well [wel] gerai, šulinys
letter ['letә] laiškas, raidė week [wi:k] savaitė
live [lɪv] gyventi window ['wɪndәu] langas
lovely ['lʌvlɪ] mielas, gražus work [wә:k] dirbti, darbas
many ['menɪ] daug (su skaičiuotiniais) write [raɪt] rašyti
milk [mɪlk] pienas yellow ['jelәu] geltonas
Miss [mɪs] panelė year [jɪә,jә:] metai

36
 LESSON THREE
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Esamasis tęstinis laikas

STATEMENTS
Tiesioginiai sakiniai

Singular Plural
Iam working now We are working now
You are working now You are working now
He
She is working now They are working now
It

Esamasis tęstinis gramatinis laikas reiškia veiksmo eigą, vykstančią dabarties momentu, o taip pat
dabarties laikotarpiu, bet nebūtinai kalbamuoju ir dažnai lydimas laiko prieveiksmių: now (dabar),
at the moment (šiuo metu), today (šiandien), this week (šią savaitę), this summer (šią vasarą), this
year (šiemet).

Dabarties momentas: I am writing now.

Dabarties laikotarpis: That man is writing a book about princess Diana. I am learning to
drive a car.

Tačiau veiksmažodžiai, reiškiantys fizinius pojūčius (see, hear), protinę veiklą (know, believe,
seem, understand), troškimus (want, need, wish), jausmus (love, hate, like, feel), nuosavybę (owe,
have, own, belong) ir t.t., bet ne veiksmo eigą ar raidą, vartojami paprastuoju esamuoju gramatiniu
laiku.

Notice the spelling:

Atkreipkite dėmesį į rašybą:

work write run

working writing running

visit visiting come coming begin beginning

study studying live living stop stopping
go going give giving shut shutting

NEGATIVES
Neigiamieji sakiniai

Singular Plural
I am not working now We are not working now
You are not working now You are not working now
He
is not working
She They are not working now
now
It

37
 QUESTIONS
Klausiamieji sakiniai

Singular Plural
Am I working now? Are we working now?
Are you working now? Are you working now?
he
Is she working now? Are they working now?
it

STATEMENTS, QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES

Statement: Peter is playing at the moment.

Question: Is Peter playing at the moment?
Negative: Peter is not playing at the moment.

THE TWO PRESENT TENSES

Dvi esamųjų gramatinių laikų formos

Compare these examples: _______________________________________________________

Palyginkite šiuos pavyzdžius:

I study every day. I go to class two times a week.

I am studying now. I am going to class right now.

Students usually eat lunch at the cafe.

Students are eating lunch at the cafe now.

Sally and Molly work at the store every Sunday.

Sally and Molly are working at the store today.

N.B. Bet hear (girdėti), like (mėgti), know (mokėti, žinoti), want (norėti), believe (tikėti), etc.,
vartojama paprastuoju esamuoju laiku.

I have a dog. I owe you five euros.

She knows the answer. We can hear a noise!
I can see an airplane. Tod wants a cup of coffee.
Children like cold milk. Do you believe in ghosts?

–– Time is money ––
Laikas – pinigai

38
 QUESTIONS WITH THE WORD WHAT
Klausimai su what

Statement: That is a game

Question: Is that a game?
Question with what: What is that?

Statement: Those are games

Question: Are those games?
Question with what: What are those?

What is it? What is this? What are they?

It’s a car key. That’s a laptop. They’re toys.

What is that? What’s that? What are these?

It’s a mug. It’s a coat. Those are oranges.

QUESTION WORDS
Klausiamieji žodžiai

What? [wɔt] kas, koks? (apie daiktą ar reiškinį)

Who? [hu:] kas? (klausiant apie žmogų)
Where? [wɜә] kur? (apie vietą)
When? [wen] kada? (apie laiką)
Why? [waɪ] kodėl? (klausiant apie priežastį)
How many? [hau] [menɪ] kiek? (kiekiui su skaičiuotiniais daiktavardžiais)

Notice the word order:

Atkreipkite dėmesį į žodžių tvarką klausiamajame sakinyje:

Where do you sleep?

What do you do in the library?
How many trees are there in the park?

THE EXPRESSION THERE IS AND THERE ARE

Konstrukcija there is/there are

Singular: There is one student in the classroom.

Plural: There are two students in the classroom.

STATEMENTS, QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES

There are many students in the classroom.

Are there many students in the classroom?
There are not (aren’t) many students in the classroom.

39
Notice this contraction:
Atkreipkite dėmesį į šį trumpinį: there is = there’s

THE PREPOSITIONS TO AND FROM

to We go to school every day.

The president goes to Mexico every year.
He sends many emails to Charles.
He is writing an email to Charles now.
She is talking to Tom right now.
The professor is speaking to the students now.
The students are listening to the professor now.
from Fabio is from Italy.
Fabio comes from Italy.
The student from Poland is nice.
We receive an email from John every weekend.

Idioms
Posakiai

go to bed; Children usually go to bed at nine o‘clock.

be in a hurry; John is always in a hurry. I am in a hurry now.
in general; In general I like this country.
on time; That teacher always comes to the class on time.
pay attention to; Don’t pay attention to it. It is not important.
right now; Sorry, I am busy, I am online right now.

EXERCISE 27. Use this or these.

1. ....this....question 11. ................chairs

2. ....these....people 12. ................books
3. ................house 13. ................tables
4. ................hospital 14. ................page
5. ................flowers 15. ................apple
6. ................computer 16. ................politicians
7. ................dresses 17. ................notebook
8. ................news 18. ................words
9. ................children 19. ................exercises
10. ................answer 20. ................jobs

EXERCISE 28. If necessary use a or an.

1. That’s....a........... narrow door. 11. I’m.....................engineer.

2. That’s....an.........orange.
3. These are........... long pencils.
4. That’s.................umbrella.
5. He’s...................expensive lawyer.
6. She’s...................pretty nurse.
7. Those are............apples.
8. This is.................match.
9. Those are............old books.
10. This is.................overcoat.
12. They’re.............rude employees.
13. That’s.................small camera.
14. This is..............cheap map.
15. Those are........... deep bins.
16. The boy is..........smart.
17. It’s..................clean course book.
18. That’s...............skinny laptop.
19. Those are...........dirty T-shirts.
20. They’re.............polite clerks.

40
EXERCISE 29. Make contractions with the underlined words.

1. They are in the room. ...................................They’re in the room. ............................................

2. I am reading right now. ..............................................................................................................
3. He is not ready yet. ....................................................................................................................
4. There is a book on the table. ......................................................................................................
5. What is that? ..............................................................................................................................
6. We are not studying now. ..........................................................................................................
7. He does not know Tom. .............................................................................................................
8. There is a box on the floor. ........................................................................................................
9. We do not like coffee. ................................................................................................................
10. She is not listening to the professor. ..........................................................................................

EXERCISE 30.Use am, is or are.

1. The boys.............are..........studying right now. .....are.....

2. Helen and Mary.................reading newspapers. ...............
3. I..........................................listening to the radio right now. ...............
4. She.....................................beginning the lesson right now. ...............
5. The baby............................crying now. ...............
6. The men.............................fixing the computer. ...............
7. The sun...............................shining today. ...............
8. Mr Smith............................writing a book. ...............
9. Ms Palin ..........................shopping in that supermarket now. ...............
10. .........................................you learning those new words? ...............
11. .........................................those boys playing on the computer? ...............
12. .........................................he working right now? ...............
13. .........................................the women working in the garden now? ...............
14. .........................................it raining very hard? ...............
15. .........................................the children tired? ...............

EXERCISE 31. Write the –ing form of each verb.

1. work ...... working .............. 11. fix .......................................

2. study ..... studying ..............
3. hold .....................................
4. read ....................................
5. shut ....................................
6. come ..................................
7. watch ..................................
8. pronounce ..........................
9. play ....................................
10. write ...................................
12. shine....................................
13. answer .................................
14. cry ......................................
15. go .......................................
16. live .....................................
17. put ......................................
18. give ....................................
19. rain ......................................
20. begin ...................................

–– Other times, other manners ––

Kiti laikai, kiti papročiai

41
EXERCISE 32.Use there is/there are with these words. Notice the examples.

1. a yellowdesk ............................... There is a yellow desk in the room.......................................

2. 2 greentables ............................... There are two tables in the yard ..........................................
3. a lovely picture .........................................................................................................................
4. old chairs ..................................................................................................................................
5. a smart telephone .......................................................................................................................
6. a big flower .................................................................................................................................
7. 12 people ...................................................................................................................................
8. 18 computers ..............................................................................................................................
9. 3 photographs ............................................................................................................................
10. a window ....................................................................................................................................
11. 3 new maps ................................................................................................................................
12. a small bin ..................................................................................................................................
13. seven chairs ................................................................................................................................
14. 13 students .................................................................................................................................
15. a laptop .......................................................................................................................................
16. several politicians .......................................................................................................................
17. some men ...................................................................................................................................
18. a narrow door .............................................................................................................................
19. many teachers .............................................................................................................................
20. only two chairs ..........................................................................................................................
21. a long rug ....................................................................................................................................
22. 4 young girls ..............................................................................................................................

EXERCISE 33. Complete these sentences.

QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1. What .......is...........that? That .......is an A4 paper pad.

2. What.....................this? That ......... ...........pencil.
3. What.....................those? They ......... shoes.
4. What ....................these? Those ...........magazines.
5. What ....................this? It .......... ..........window.
6. What ....................that? It ........ ............camera.
7. What ....................those? They ........... photographs.
8. What .............. ...............? It ......... ............film.
9. What............... ...............? ............ ........ ........bus.
10. What .............. ...............? ............ ........ maps.
11. What .............. ...............? ............ ........ ........ shirt.
12. What............... ...............? ............ ........ blouses.
13. What. .............. ..............? ............ ........ matches.
14. What .............. ..............? ............ ........ ........ apple.
15. What .............. ...............? ............ ........ chairs.
16. What .............. ...............? ............ ........ ........ umbrella.
17. What .............. ...............? ............ ........ ...... ID (identity card).

A. Oh, I am tired. A. Excuse me…

B. What about a break? B. Yes?
A. That‘s a good idea. A. Is he from Warsaw?
B. Sorry, I don‘t know.

42
EXERCISE 34. Use am not, isn’t, aren’t, don’t or doesn’t.

1. The new book...........isn’t..........on the table. ..................

2. I........................................ listening to the radio right now. ..................
3. I..........................................listen to the radio every day. ..................
4. There..................................a table in that room. ..................
5. It.........................................rain here every week. ..................
6. It........................................ raining outside now. ..................
7. They..................................study every afternoon. ..................
8. The girls............................doing the lessons now. .................
9. She.....................................know that word. ..................
10.Mr and Mrs Williams....... having dinner. ..................
11. They.................................eat here every day. ..................
12. We...................................go to the library every day. ..................
13. John and I........................ready yet. ..................
14.The students.....................like coffee very much. ..................
15.The children.....................playing now. ..................

Match the question words and answers. Complete the questions of your own.

1. What ............................................. ? Jack.

2. Who .............................................. ? Today.
3. Where ........................................... ? A T-shirt.
4. When ............................................ ? In Europe.
5. Why .............................................. ? Because I want.

Read the text and tell your partner about the place where you live.

Panevėžys is on the banks of the river Nevėžis. It is not a big green town with its lovely Old
riverbed, trees and small parks in the very centre of the town. Also, there are a lot of shops, cafes,
restaurants and clubs there.There is a nice Laisvės square with its famous Juozas Miltinis theatre in
the town centre. Panevėžys is my town.

Tourist. Good morning.

Assistant. Hello.Can I help you?
T Yes, please. Do you have a map of the town centre?
A Yes, of course, here you are.
T Thank you. How much is it?
A It‘s one euro.

–– Bad news has wings ––

Blogos naujienos sklinda greitai

43
Translate into English.

1. Auditorijoje yra keletas kompiuterių. ...............................................................................................

2. Ar jie dirba sode savaitgaliais? .........................................................................................................
3. Tie vadovėliai yra labai seni. ...........................................................................................................
4. Ar dabar smarkiai lyja?.....................................................................................................................
5. Mano draugė rašo knygą, apie maisto ruošimą. ...............................................................................
6. Ta sunki dėžė yra ant grindų.............................................................................................................
7. Ar kasdien klausaisi muzikos? .........................................................................................................
8. Kambaryje yra tik dvi kėdės, rašomasis stalas ir šiukšlių dėžė .......................................................
9. Jos kaip tik dabar dirba kompiuteriu. ...............................................................................................
10. Aš mokausi anglų kalbos. .................................................................................................................
11. Aš ne gydytoja, aš – slaugytoja. .......................................................................................................
12. Ar turi nešiojamą kompiuterį? ..........................................................................................................
13. Mano viršininkas kasmet vyksta į Vokietiją.....................................................................................
14. Aš jo nepažįstu. Jis gyvena anoje sodyboje. .....................................................................................
15. Tie vyrai kaip tik dabar remontuoja mašiną. ....................................................................................
16. Ar kasdien eini į parduotuvę? ...........................................................................................................
17. Tie studentai daug mokosi. ...............................................................................................................
18. Aš daug neišlaidauju. 20 litų dienai – pakanka. ...............................................................................
19. Jie paprastai labai užimti. .................................................................................................................
20. Mes dabar nepasiruošę......................................................................................................................

Answer the questions.

1. What’s your first name, please ?

................................................................................................................................................................
2. What‘s your surname ?
................................................................................................................................................................
3. What’s your email address?
................................................................................................................................................................
4. What’s your mobile number?
................................................................................................................................................................
5. Where are you from?
................................................................................................................................................................

A.Can I have your email address, Rita?

B. Sure, no problem. It’s redtop@gmail.com
A. redtop? Is that all one word?
B. Yes, one word.

–– Seeing is believing ––
Kai pamatysiu, tada patikėsiu

44
EXERCISE 35. Change the underlined words to the plural.

1. The box is very big. .............................................. The boxes are very big ......................................
2. That man isn’t a doctor. ...................................................................................................................
3. The student is listening to the news now. ........................................................................................
4. That tall boy comes from Sweden. ..................................................................................................
5. Does he have a car? ..........................................................................................................................
6. She has a new dress. ........................................................................................................................
7. The child is sleeping now. ................................................................................................................
8. Are you a nurse? ...............................................................................................................................
9. This English class isinteresting. .......................................................................................................
10. The child is spelling the words now. ................................................................................................
11. It is a big house. ................................................................................................................................
12. The girl is talking to Mr Brown now. ...............................................................................................
13. What is that? .....................................................................................................................................
14. That man is from Germany. ..............................................................................................................
15. There is a book on the table. .............................................................................................................
16. He knows that answer. ......................................................................................................................
17. The student is pronouncing the words now. .....................................................................................
18. There is a chair in that room. ............................................................................................................
19. This red mobile phone is smart.........................................................................................................
20. He has a new employee. ...................................................................................................................

EXERCISE 36. Use the continuous present tense of each verb.

1. He (open) the package now. ................................ He is opening the package now. .......................
2. John (practise) the lesson now. ........................................................................................................
3. The girls (shop) at the store. ............................................................................................................
4. The children (play) in the yard. .......................................................................................................
5. The men (drop) the boxes on the floor. ...........................................................................................
6. The instructor (give) the magazine to John. ....................................................................................
7. The boys (come) into the house now. ..............................................................................................
8. The students (talk) to the teacher now. ............................................................................................
9. Mr Smith (look) at the website now. ...............................................................................................
10. The professor (begin) the lesson now. .............................................................................................
11. The clerk (count) the money carefully. ...........................................................................................
12. They (learn) the new words now. ....................................................................................................
13. The boy (hit) the ball now. ..............................................................................................................
14. He (run) into the building. ...............................................................................................................
15. She (repeat) the words carefully. .....................................................................................................
16. Frank and John (smile) at the pretty girl. .........................................................................................
17. John and I (carry) the chairs into the room. .....................................................................................
18. The children (look) at the calendar. .................................................................................................
19. The women (shut) the windows in the rooms. .................................................................................
20. The nurse (listen to) the new doctor. ...............................................................................................

A. What’s he doing over there?

B. He’s cleaning the windows.

–– Like father, like son ––

Koks tėvas, toks ir sūnus

45
EXERCISE 37. Change these statements to questions and negatives.

(part one)

1. It is raining now. ………Is it raining now? ... It is not raining now. …………………………
2. He is studying English. ..............................................................................................................
3. There is a multimedia in this classroom. ...................................................................................
4. She is opening the website now. ................................................................................................
5. They are filming the game ..........................................................................................................
6. There are many chairs in that room. ..........................................................................................
7. The women are waiting now. ....................................................................................................
8. There is a big table in that room. ...............................................................................................
9. Mr Williams is beginning the class now. ...................................................................................
10. The boys are eating right now. ...................................................................................................
11. The man is reading a magazine. ................................................................................................
12. There are many students in this class. .......................................................................................
13. Rose is working in the garden now. ..........................................................................................
14. They are coming into the room now. .........................................................................................
15. Those dresses are very cheap. ....................................................................................................

(part two)

16. John is visiting a doctor now. ....................................................................................................

17. There are more chairs in the other room. ...................................................................................
18. The movie is starting right now. ................................................................................................
19. They are working very hard. .....................................................................................................
20. The children are in the front room. ............................................................................................
21. Mr Williams is teaching now. ....................................................................................................
22. The short boy is from France. ....................................................................................................
23. The student from Warsaw is in this class. .................................................................................
24. There are enough towels in the bathroom. ................................................................................
25. They are ready now. ..................................................................................................................
26. The girls are watching TV. ........................................................................................................
27. The boys are fixing the old car. .................................................................................................
28. Iam watching an airplane now. ..................................................................................................
29. The children are playing computer games. ................................................................................
30. Mary is listening to the music. ..................................................................................................
31. These shoes are expensive. ........................................................................................................
32. He is reading the newspaper now. .............................................................................................
33. There is a mistake on this page. .................................................................................................
34. They are pronouncing the new words. .......................................................................................

Write 6 questions about the places near your friend‘s home. Use Is there a…..? and Are there
any…?
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
–– All beginnings are difficult ––
Pradžia galvą laužia

46
EXSERCISE 38. Change these statements to negatives.

(part one)

1. He is reading now. ......................................... He isn’t reading now .........................................

2. They are working hard now. ......................................................................................................
3. You are studying English now. ..................................................................................................
4. It is raining right now. ...............................................................................................................
5. The men are coming into the building. ......................................................................................
6. The sun is shining now. .............................................................................................................
7. She is shopping now. .................................................................................................................
8. It is snowing outside now. .........................................................................................................
9. Pete is holding the ball now. ......................................................................................................
10. The children are sleeping now. ..................................................................................................
11. They are sitting in the room. ......................................................................................................
12. John and Tom are repeating the words. .....................................................................................
13. The students are writing on the A4 paper pads. ........................................................................
14. There is a picture on the wall. ....................................................................................................
15. The package is from Sweden. ....................................................................................................

(part two)

16. I am watching the game now. ....................................................................................................

17. Mr Williams is reading the newspaper. .....................................................................................
18. The students are listening to the teacher. ...................................................................................
19. John is walking with the Italian student. ...................................................................................
20. They are counting the new words now. .....................................................................................
21. There are many people in the shop. ...........................................................................................
22. She is looking at the pictures now. ............................................................................................
23. Mary and Helen are studying in the library. ..............................................................................
24. The umbrellas are in the front room. .........................................................................................
25. The woman is talking to the teacher. .........................................................................................
26. The children are playing in the yard. .........................................................................................
27. There are many chairs in the other room. ..................................................................................
28. Tom is looking at the map now. ................................................................................................
29. The student is working on the computer now.............................................................................
30. The employees are asking questions now. .................................................................................
31. I am smoking a cigarette now. ...................................................................................................
32. Charles is washing the car now. ................................................................................................
33. Those buses are very large..........................................................................................................
34. The boys are hitting the ball now. ..............................................................................................

A. What are the students talking about?

B. They are talking about teachers.
A.How often do they talk about teachers?
B. Always.

–– Love me, love my dog ––

Myli mane, mylėk ir mano šuniuką

47
EXERCISE 39.Use in, on, to, or from.

1. Do they receive a letter …………………….. John every week? from...............

2. Does Charles come ………………………… Mexico? ......................
3. Is the student writing ………………………. A4 paper pad? ......................
4. Is Tom speaking ………………………… Charles now? ......................
5. Are you writing a letter ………………… Frank? ......................
6. Do you go ………………………… Kaunas every day? ......................
7. Are there pretty flowers …………………….. the garden? ......................
8. Is there a picture ……………………… the wall? ......................
9. Is she listening ……………………..... music now? ......................
10. Are the boys ……………………….. a hurry? ......................
11. Do you go ………………………. bed late every night? ......................
12. Does Tom come ………………………. time every day? ......................
13. Do you hear that noise …………………….. the garden? ......................
14. Do they like this country …………………….. general? ......................
15. Is she studying ……………………… the library now? ......................
16. Do you receive a package …………………… them every week? ......................
17. Is he talking ………………….. the new student? ......................
18. Do you come ………………….. Lithuania? ......................
19. Are they listening ……………………… the news now? .....................
20. Are you writing ……………………….. that notebook? ......................
21. Are you writing ……………………….. that page? ......................
22. Do the children always go ………………….. school early? ......................
23. Are you putting the flowers …………………… the bin? ......................
24. Do you send many emails …………………….. those students? ......................
25. Does she always study ………………………. that room? ......................

Translate into English.

1. Dabar nelyja. Sninga. .......................................................................................................................

2. Vaikai žaidžia kompiuterinius žaidimus. .......................................................................................
3. Kiek jie turi naujų darbuotojų? ........................................................................................................
4. Ar ant sienos yra paveikslų? .............................................................................................................
5. Ta aukšta graži moteris yra advokatė. ..............................................................................................
6. Kitame kambaryje yra daug kėdžių. .................................................................................................
7. Ar tie vyrai skuba? ............................................................................................................................
8. Ar kasdien eini vėlai miegoti? ..........................................................................................................
9. Pastate yra daug kambarių. ...............................................................................................................
10. Ar daug siunčiate elektroninių laiškų studentams? ..........................................................................
11. Ar ši biblioteka dirba kasdien? .........................................................................................................
12. Ar Ronas visada dovanoja merginoms gėlių? .................................................................................
13. Dėstytoja kalbasi su studentu. .........................................................................................................
14. Vyrai neša tas sunkias dėžes į autobusą. ..........................................................................................
15. Ar tau patinka darbas sode? .............................................................................................................
16. Mes dabar plauname mašiną.............................................................................................................
17. Filmas prasideda dabar. ....................................................................................................................
18. Vaikai nenori eiti anksti miegoti. .....................................................................................................
19. Ar filmai prasideda laiku? ...............................................................................................................
20. Ar yra A4 formato popieriaus? .........................................................................................................

Conjugate (išasmenuokite +, - , ?): to be in a hurry, to receive an e-mail, to listen to music.

48
 VOCABULARY FOR LESSON THREE
A4 paper pad ['peɪpә pæd] A4 formato bloknotas noise [nɔɪz] triukšmas
about [ә'baut] apie notebook ['nәutbuk] užrašų knygelė
airplane ['ɜәpleɪn] lėktuvas nurse [nә:s] slaugytoja
always ['ɔ:lwәz] visada only ['әunlɪ] vienas, vienintelis
at [әt] prie open ['әupәn] atidaryti
ball [bɔ:l] kamuolys other ['ʌðә] kitas
bathroom ['ba:θrum] vonios kambarys outside ['aut'saɪd] lauke, ore
bedroom ['bedrum] miegamasis overcoat ['әuvәkәut apsiaustas
begin [bɪ'gɪn] prasidėti package ['pækɪdʒ] paketas, siuntinys
breakfast ['brekfәst] pusryčiai pass [pa:s] perduoti
building ['bɪldɪŋ] pastatas play [pleɪ] žaisti, groti
bus [bʌs] autobusas pronounce [prә'nauns tarti
camera ['kæmәrә] fotoaparatas put [put] statyti, dėti
carefully ['kɜәfәlɪ] atsargiai, atidžiai rain [reɪn] lietus, lyti
carry ['kærɪ] nešti, gabenti read [ri:d] skaityti
cheap [tʃɪ:p] pigus receive [rɪ'si:v] gauti, priimti
clerk [kla:k] valdininkas, tarnautojas refuse [rɪ'fju:z] atsisakyti
compare [kәm'pɜә] palyginti repeat [rɪ'pi:t] kartoti
count [kaunt] skaičiavimas, skaičiuoti Saturday ['sætәdɪ] šeštadienis
door [dɔ:] durys school [sku:l] mokykla
drop [drɔp] kristi see [si:] matyti
employee [ˌemplɔɪ'i:] tarnautojas, darbuotojas semester [sɪ'mestә] semestras
engineer [ˌendʒɪ'nɪә] inžinierius send [send] siųsti
enough [ɪ'nʌf] pakankamai, užtektinai seven ['sevn] septyni
expensive [ɪk'spensɪv] brangus several ['sevrәl] keletas
film [fɪlm] filmas, filmuoti shine [ʃaɪn] šviesti
game [geɪm] žaidimas shop [ʃɔp] apsipirkti
give [gɪv] duoti shut [ʃʌt] už(si)daryti
hear [hɪә] girdėti sit [sɪt] sėdėti
hit [hɪt] mušinėti, suduoti sleep [sli:p] miegoti
hold [hәuld] laikyti smell [smel] kvepėti, užuosti
homestead ['hәumsted] sodyba smile [smaɪl] šypsena
hospital ['hɔspɪtl] ligoninė snow [snәu] snigti
into ['ɪntә,'ɪntu] į (vidų) some [sәm] keletas
Italian [ɪ'tælɪәn] italas, italų spell [spel] sakyti paraidžiui
large [la:dʒ] didelis start [sta:t] pradėti
lawyer ['lɔ:jә] advokatas, juristas television ['telɪˌvɪʒn] televizija
library ['laɪbrәrɪ] biblioteka T–shirt [ti:-ʃә:t] sportiniai
marškinėliai
listen to ['lɪsn] klausyti think [θɪŋk] mąstyti, galvoti
long [lɔŋ] ilgas towel ['tauәl] rankšluostis
look [luk] žiūrėti usually ['ju:ʒuәlɪ] paprastai
magazine [ˌmægә'zi:n] žurnalas umbrella [ʌm'brelә] skėtis
map [mæp] žemėlapis visit ['vɪzɪt] aplankyti
match [mætʃ] degtukas want [wɔnt] norėti
Mexico ['meksɪkәu] Meksika wear [weә] dėvėti, vilkėti
more [mɔ:] daugiau, dar watch [wɔtʃ] žiūrėti
movie ['mu:vɪ] kino filmas website ['websaɪt] tinklapis
multimedia [ˌmʌltɪ'mi:dɪә] kompiuterinis projektorius what [wɔt] kas? koks?
music ['mju:zɪk] muzika yard [ja:d] kiemas

49
 LESSON FOUR
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT TENSES

CONTINUOUS SIMPLE
Tęstinis Paprastas

He is working now. He works every day.

Is he working now? Does he work every day?
He is not working now. He does not work every day.

Examples: _______________________________________________________________________

I am studying right now. I study every afternoon.

He is writing a book. He writes a page every day.
It is snowing outside now. It often snows in the winter.
Are you chewing the gum now? Do you chew the gum all the time?
It isn’t raining now. It doesn’t rain every day.

SHORT ANSWERS
Trumpi atsakymai

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER

Is that man a politician? Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t
Is John studying English? Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.
Does that girl like coffee? Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.
Is there a chair in that room? Yes, there is.
No, there isn’t.

THE WORD WHAT WITH THE PRESENT TENSES

Žodis what su esamaisiais laikais

Statement: He wants a car.

Question: Does he want a car?
Question with what: What does he want ?

Statement: He is using the Internet now.

Question: Is he using the Internet now?
Question with what: What is he using?

What is he doing?

–– One hand washes the other ––

Ranka ranką plauna
50
Examples:

What are you doing here? We are singing Lituanian songs.

What do you think about the new boss?
Does the professor want coffee or tea?
What does Alvin do?
What is Alvin doing at the moment?
Is Helen busy?
Oh, I think he is nice.
He wants a cup of coffee.
He teaches English.
He is having coffee in the staff room.
Yes, she is writing a cookery book.

THE IMPERATIVE FORMS

Liepiamoji forma

Commands, orders, directions, and some requests take the imperative form. The word you
does not usually occur. The singular and plural forms are the same.
Įsakymai, nurodymai, komandos ir kai kurie prašymai vartojami liepiamąja forma. Įvardis
you paprastai nevartojamas.

Positive: Open the door. Count to three.

Negative: Don’t open the door Don’t smoke in here.
Positive: Go away! Be careful!
Negative: Don’t go away! Don’t be late!

POLITE FORMS
Mandagūs kreipiniai

Imperative: Open the door.

Polite: Please open the door.
Polite: Open the door, please.
Very polite: Would you please open the door.
Very polite: Would you open the door, please.

Imperative: Don’t open the door.

Polite request: Please don’t open the door.
Don’t open the door, please.

–– No joy without annoy ––

Be skausmo nėra džiaugsmo

51
 SUGGESTIONS WITH LET’S
Skatinamieji sakiniai su Let‘s

Let‘s (do) = let us (do)

Tai junginys, kuris reiškia raginimą, leidimą, prielaidą, įsakymą ir į lietuvių kalbą
yra verčiamas liepiamąja nuosaka.

Positive: Let’s go to the store. Let’s eat.

Negative: Let’s not go to the pub. Let’s not eat.

THE PREPOSITION AT
Prielinksnis at

Examples:

Mr. Smith is looking at the newspaper.

The girls are shopping at the grocery store.
Laura is laughing at the funny joke.
They are sitting at the table.
There is someone at the door now.
But:
John always studies at home.
The boys are at school now.

Idioms
Posakiai

to do a course; I am doing a course on the Internet and with a private teacher.

in person; I like to contact friends in person and by e-mail.
at least; Write at least ten sentences with these new words.
at once; Close the door at once, please!
first of all; Let’s go to a movie. – OK. But first of all, let’s have a snack.
for sale; That pretty new house is for sale. Let’s buy it!
to get ready; The girls are getting ready for the party now.
to get up; He wakes up at 7:00 a.m. andgets up immediately.
to go for a walk; It is too hot here. Let’s go for a walk.
to book; Do you book a hotel on the Internet or on the phone?
to look out; Look out! A car is coming at you very fast!
online; Europeans don’t book hotels online.
to put away; Put away your coat. Don’t leave it on the chair.
right away; Please phone the doctor right away.
to sit down; Sit down here, please. Don’t sit down in that seat.
to take a trip; Let’s take a trip to Italy next year.
to turn off; One light is enough. Please turn off the other one.
to turn on It’s dark here. Please turn on the floor lamp.

–– To buy a pig in a poke –

Katę maiše pirkti

52
EXERCISE 40. Use this or these. EXERCISE 41. Use that or those.
1. ….this…. notebook 1. ….that…. bus
2. ….these... umbrellas 2. ………… news
3. …………. smile 3. ………… music
4. …………. plants 4. ………… libraries
5. …………. sugar 5. ………… people
6. …………. packages 6. ………… bin
7. …………. towels 7. ………… buildings
8. …………. newspaper 8. ………… calendar
9. …………. water 9. ………… games
10. …………. map 10. ………… lawyers

EXERCISE 42. If necessary, add a or an.

1. That’s ……a…… postcard. 11. I am …………. John.

2. Those are ………. bills. 12. They are …………. teachers.
3. These are ………. oranges. 13. Those are …………cheap cameras.
4. This is ………. towel. 14. That’s ………….. interesting
5. They’re ………. lawyers. photograph.
6. He is ………… computer specialist. 15. This is …………. sandwich.
7. That’s ………….. magazine. 16. Doloresa is …………. Spanish.
8. These are ……….. matches. 17. The men are …………. engineers.
9. This is ………… old newspaper. 18. This is ………….. suitcase.
10. Those are ……….. packages of chewing 19. These are …………. T-shirts.
gum. 20. That’s …………… account.

EXERCISE 43.Make contractions with the underlined words.

1. That is a book. That’s ....................... 11. He is very strong. ...................................

2. What is that? .....................................
3. That is a picture. ................................
4. What is this? ......................................
5. That is a bone. ...................................
6. There is a boat here. ..........................
7. What is that? .....................................
8. That is a mug. ....................................
9. What is this? ......................................
10. That is a mirror. ................................
12. I am not a student. ..................................
13. I do not like jokes. .................................
14. We are not tired. ....................................
15. She does not understand. .......................
16. What is he making? ...............................
17. It is not difficult. ....................................
18. There is a piano here. .............................
19. They do not like that. .............................
20. What is she doing? .................................

At a hotel:
A. Good afternoon, I‘d like a room.
B. For how many nights?
A. For one night, please.
B. Single or double, ma‘am?
A. A double, with shower, please.

–– Every day is not Sunday ––

Ne kasdien šventadienis

53
Read the text and answer the questions.

Diana‘s mother Ausma is from Latvia.The family lives in Ryga. She is a politition and she flies to
Brussels every week. The work starts on Mondays at 9a.m. and finishes on Fridays at 5p.m.
Sometimes she works on Saturdays. She likes her job.On Sundays she cooks dinner for the
family.The family stays in at weekends.

1.Is Diana‘s mother a teacher?

2. Does she live in Lithuania?
3.Where does she work?
4.Does she like her job?
5.Do they go out at weekends?

Tell your partner about your family member.

Write your personal information in the documents:

EMPLOYEE PERSONAL DATA

Full name …………………………………

Address ………………………….
Home phone number …………………………….
Mobile …………………………………
Date of birth ………………………………
Place of birth ……………………..

Contact in an emergency ………………..

Home number …………………..
Work number …………………
Mobile ……………………..
Doctor‘s name, address and telephone number.........................

STUDENT CARD

NAME .......................................
PLACE OF STUDY .......................................
COURSE OF STUDY .......................................
CONTACT TELEPHONE NUMBER .......................................
E-MAIL ADDRESS .......................................

This card entitles you to use the facilities of the Student‘s Union, including the library, the computer
centre, and the bar.

54
EXERCISE 44. Use these verbs in orders and directions.
1. shut ..........................................................
Please shut the door. ...........................................
Would you please shut the door. ..........................
2. close .........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
3. write .........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
4. go .............................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
5. sit .............................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
6. give ..........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
7. ask............................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
EXERCISE 45.Use the sentences from exercise 44. Write these negative forms.
1. shut ..........................................................
Don’t shut the door. .............................................
Please don’t shut the door. ..................................
2. close ..........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
3. write ..........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
4. go ..............................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
5. sit ..............................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
6. give ...........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
7. ask.............................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
A. Are you British?
B. No, I’m not. I’m half Irish, half American.
55
8. answer ......................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
9. open .........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
10. call ...........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
11. bring .........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
12. pass ..........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
13. read ..........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
8. answer ......................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
9. open ..........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
10. call ............................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
11. bring .........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
12. pass ...........................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
13. read ...........................................................
.............................................................................
A. Excuse me, is anyone sitting here?
B. No, take it.
EXERCISE 46.Write suggestions with let’s.Use these verbs.
1. have ..........................................................
Let’s have a pizza. ...............................................
2. travel ........................................................
.............................................................................
3. go .............................................................
.............................................................................
4. buy ...........................................................
.............................................................................
5. listen ........................................................
.............................................................................
6. finish ........................................................
.............................................................................
7. learn .........................................................
.............................................................................
8. visit ..........................................................
.............................................................................
9. call ...........................................................
.............................................................................
EXERCISE 47.Use the sentences from exercise 46. Write the negative forms of those suggestions.
1. have ..........................................................
Let’s not have a pizza. .........................................
2. travel ........................................................
.............................................................................
3. go .............................................................
.............................................................................
4. buy ...........................................................
.............................................................................
5. listen ........................................................
.............................................................................
6. finish ........................................................
.............................................................................
7. learn .........................................................
.............................................................................
8. visit ..........................................................
.............................................................................
9. call ...........................................................
.............................................................................
A. I can’t remember this password.
B. Why don’t you write it down?
A. That’s a good idea.
–– Money has no smell ––
Pinigai nekvepia
56
10. sit .............................................................
.............................................................................
11. dance ........................................................
.............................................................................
12. drink .........................................................
.............................................................................
13. wash .........................................................
.............................................................................
14. have a sandwich .......................................
.............................................................................
15. watch ........................................................
.............................................................................
16. play ..........................................................
.............................................................................
17. walk .........................................................
.............................................................................
18. work .........................................................
.............................................................................
10. sit .............................................................
.............................................................................
11. dance ........................................................
.............................................................................
12. drink .........................................................
.............................................................................
13. wash .........................................................
.............................................................................
14. have a sandwich .......................................
.............................................................................
15. watch ........................................................
.............................................................................
16. play ..........................................................
.............................................................................
17. walk .........................................................
.............................................................................
18. work .........................................................
.............................................................................
EXERCISE 48. Give short answers to these questions.

1. Does the man like coffee? Yes, he does. ..............................................................................

2. Is Brenda here? No, she isn’t. ............................................................................
3. Are you ready now? Yes, ..........................................................................................
4. Is there a book on the desk? Yes, ..........................................................................................
5. Does that student work hard? No, ..........................................................................................
6. Are the children sleeping now? Yes, ......................................................................................
7. Does Meg study every night? No, .........................................................................................
8. Do you like milk? Yes, ........................................................................................
9. Is Laura a doctor? No , .........................................................................................
10. Are you working right now? Yes, ..........................................................................................
11. Are there dishes on the table? No, ..........................................................................................
12. Do they like Lithuania? Yes, .........................................................................................
13. Is this car very expensive? No, ..........................................................................................
14. Does he understand English? Yes, .........................................................................................
15. Are there many people here? No, ...........................................................................................
16. Does Miss Brown feel well today? No, ....................................................................................
17. Do dogs like bones? Yes, ........................................................................................
18. Does a tree need water? Yes, .........................................................................................
19. Is there a light in that room? No, ..........................................................................................
20. Do you know the answer? Yes, .........................................................................................

EXERCISE 49. Select the correct verb for each sentence.

1. Is he …………… (work, working) today? ....... working .......

2. Do you ………… (know, knowing) the answer? ............................
3. She’s……………..(study, studying) the new words at the moment. ............................
4. Does he…………. (like, liking) that class? ............................
5. She’s …………….(listen, listening) to the radio. ............................
6. Is Betty …………..(put, putting) away the dishes? ............................
7. Does he …………..(go, going) there now and then? ............................
8. Are they …………..(take, taking) a course in English? ............................
9. Do you ……………(take, taking) many examinations? ............................
10. Is Molly …………..(cash, cashing) a cheque now? ............................
11. I’m ………………..(write, writing) a letter to Mary. ............................
12. Do you ……………(watch, watching) baseball games? ............................
13. Is she ………………(finish, finishing) the work now? ............................
14. Do you always………. (learn, learning) the words? ............................
15. They’re ……………..(read, reading) the paper now. ............................

A. Hey, Jane, it’s me, Mandy! What are you doing?

B. Hi, Mandy. I am surfing the Net at the moment.
A. OK. See you later.

–– Other times, other manners ––

Kiti laikai – kiti papročiai
57
EXERCISE 50. Write the correct words in the blank spaces.

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
with what

1. What ........... is ....... that? That ........... is...............a bank account.

2. What ..........are ...... those? Those ...........................sandwiches.
3. What ...................... he carrying? He’s ............................. a printer.
4. What ...................... you reading? We’re ..........................a magazine.
5. What ...................... you want? I want ..........................glass of water.
6. What ...................... he need? He needs .....................electronic pass.
7. What ...................... ..................? Those ..........................bills.
8. What ...................... ..................? That’s ..........................city park.
9. What ...................... .................. wearing? She’s ...........................a suit.
10. What ......... can .... ....................hear? I ...................................hear a noise.
11. What ...................... ..................holding? They’re ........................a suitcase.
12. What ...................... ..................? That .............................a camera.
13. What ...................... .................. studying? We’re ..........................the examination paper.
14. What ...................... ..................? It’s ...............................watch.
15. What ...................... ..................? They’re T-shirts.

16. What ................. is that .............? That’s a suitcase.

17. What .........................................? Those are shoes.
18. What .........................................? He wants some coffee.
19. What .........................................? They are moving the piano.
20. What .........................................? I am writing a letter.
21. What .........................................? She needs a new dress.
22. What .........................................? This is a printer.
23. What .........................................? We are making snacks.
24. What .........................................? These are photographs.
25. What .........................................? They want a new computer.

26. What........are you studying ..................... ? We’re studying the new words.
27. ................................................................. ? I’m reading a magazine.
28. ................................................................. ? It’s a cheque.
29. ................................................................. ? He’s writing some report.
30. ................................................................. ? She wants some tea.

Translate into English:

1.Atsargiai, prie durų yra siuntinys(paketas). ................................................................................

2.Ar planuojate vykti į kelionę? ....................................................................................................
3.Nedelsdami nusipirkime bilietus į koncertą. ..............................................................................
4.Vaikai, padėkite žaislus į vietą, prašau. ......................................................................................
5.Ar ši sodyba parduodama? .........................................................................................................
6.Neikime pasivaikščioti,verčiau pasiruoškime vakarėliui. ..........................................................
7.Ar Ronas namie? Ne, jis mokykloje. ..........................................................................................
8.Tuoj pat pasakykite apie tai slaugytojai. ....................................................................................
9. Ar sninga? Nepamiršk skėčio. ...................................................................................................
10.Pirmiausia apsilankykime bibliotekoje ir pasiruoškime pranešimui. .......................................

–– Here lies the rub ––

Štai kur šuo pakastas
58
EXERCISE 51. Use in, on, at, to or from.

(part one)

1. The new student is ….from…. Turkey. ..........from ..........

2. The books are ………. the shelf. ............................
3. They are on holiday ………. Italy. ............................
4. How many students are there ………. the classroom? ............................
5. Is there a rug ………. the floor. ............................
6. Ralph comes ………. Europe. ............................
7. We go ………. concerts now and then. ............................
8. Do you go ………. bed late? ............................
9. Does he come ………. school ………. time? ............................
10. Please pay attention ………. this sentence. ............................
11. Those men are always ………. a hurry. ............................
12. Let’s listen ………. the radio news now! ............................
13. They’re looking ………. the car keys. ............................
14. I don’t like TV shows ………. all. ............................

(part two)

15. Is Elizabeth ………. home now? ............................

16. Listen! Someone is ………. the door. ............................
17. They’re laughing ……….. the joke. ............................
18. Finish the homework ………. once! ............................
19. There aren‘t any towels ………. all. ............................
20. I know ………. least two thousand new English words. ............................
21. I usually go ………. sleep right away. ............................
22. We send a letter ………. John once a week. ............................
23. We receive letters ………. John every week. ............................
24. Is Charles talking ………. the teacher? ............................
25. The lawyer ………. Vilnius is here now. ............................
26. The pictures are ………. the side wall. ............................
27. There aren‘t many trees ………. my yard. ............................
28. The words ………. this page are easy. ............................
29. The words ………. that book are hard. ............................
30. ………. general, I like this place very much. ............................
31. The man is looking ………. the city map. ............................
32. Is the student ………. Germany ………. this class? ............................
33. Please sit down ………. this comfortable chair. ..........................

A. Can you give me a hand?

B. Sure, what are you trying to do?
A. Take these books upstairs.
B. Sorry, but I have a bad back.
A.That’s OK. Thanks anyway.

–– As the pay, so the work ––

Koks užmokestis toks ir darbas

59
EXERCISE 52. Change these statements to questions.
(part one)
1. They like coffee. ........................................... Do they like coffee? .............................................
2. He is studying English. ................................... Is he studying English? .....................................
3. Mark speaks very fast. ................................................................................................................
4. It is raining now. .........................................................................................................................
5. The students are working hard. ..................................................................................................
6. John is reading now. ...................................................................................................................
7. She dances very well. .................................................................................................................
8. The teacher‘s family lives in the USA. ......................................................................................
9. They are eating now. ..................................................................................................................
10. I am in a hurry. ...........................................................................................................................
(part two)
11. The movie is starting now. .........................................................................................................
12. Mary studies very hard. ..............................................................................................................
13. They travel to Florida every year. ..............................................................................................
14. The boss is reading the report. ...................................................................................................
15. The children like milk very much. .............................................................................................
16. Mr Smith smokes many cigarettes. ............................................................................................
17. The boys are playing in the room now. ......................................................................................
18. My sister often goes to the movies. ............................................................................................
19. The computer specialist is fixing the printer now. .....................................................................
20. The student is looking at the exam paper. ..................................................................................

EXERCISE 53. Change these statements to negatives.

1. He is eating dinner now. ................................. He isn’t eating dinner now. ...............................

2. We like coffee very much. .........................................................................................................
3. That student works very hard. ....................................................................................................
4. It is snowing outside now. ..........................................................................................................
5. He spends much money every day. ............................................................................................
6. Frank is talking to the teacher. ...................................................................................................
7. Mr White speaks Spanish very well. ..........................................................................................
8. They are looking at the pictures now. ........................................................................................
9. It rains very much in the winter. ................................................................................................
10. I know many English words. ......................................................................................................
11. She is reading the newspaper right now. ....................................................................................
12. They watch television every night. ............................................................................................
13. He is listening to the radio right now. ........................................................................................
14. You are holding the box carefully. .............................................................................................

What do the following words mean?

dark brown orange green pink polka dot white grey

purple blue yellow motley silver gold striped black
checked light red magenta

–– Promise is debt ––
Ką pažadėjai, tą ir ištesėk-

60
EXERCISE 54. Use the correct present tense in each sentence.

Present simple: I work. He studies.

Present continuous: I am working. He is studying.

(part one)

1. He ……………………(like) sandwiches. ......................................................................

2. The men ………………(fix) the car now. ......................................................................
3. The girl ……….(speak) English very well. ......................................................................
4. I ………………….(owe) you fifty cents now. ......................................................................
5. The women ……………(be) from Kaunas. ......................................................................
6. She…………….. (talk) to the teacher now. ......................................................................
7. It………….. (rain) very much in this country. ......................................................................
8. The Petkai often …………..(attend) concerts. ......................................................................
9. The family ……………(open) the suitcases now. ......................................................................
10. We always …………………(go) to bed early. ......................................................................
11. Uncle John ……………(eat) here every night. ......................................................................
12. John and Frank ………(have) dinner right now. . ......................................................................
13. Mary ……………… (need) some money now. ......................................................................
14. They……….(study) for two hours every night. ......................................................................

(part two)

15. Mr Smith ……….(pay) a lot of bills every month. .....................................................................

16. The children ……………(be) very tired tonight. ......................................................................
17. The boy………….. (run) into the building now. ......................................................................
18. The teacher…………. (be) online now. ......................................................................
19. Mrs Williams………… (look) at the map now. ......................................................................
20. Mr Rimkus………. (teach) English from 9 to 11. ......................................................................
21. He ……………….(begin) the class right now. . ......................................................................
22. Ron …………..(fly) to California every winter. ......................................................................
23. Vanessa ……………………(dance) very well. ......................................................................
24. He …………..(watch) football every Saturday. ......................................................................
25. Mrs Smith …………. (talk) to Mr Brown. ......................................................................
26. They …………(come) here several times a week. .....................................................................
27. We ………(put) the boxes on the floor. ......................................................................
28. He …………….(work) thirty-five hours a week. ......................................................................
29. She ……………(know) all the new words now. ......................................................................
30. They………………… (have) a nice party now. ......................................................................
31. John …………..(smile) at that pretty girl. ......................................................................
32. We always …………(do) the lessons carefully. ......................................................................
33. Laima …………(need) a new bag. ......................................................................

A. Josh, hi, it’s Drake. Where are you now? A.Excuse me, can you tell me the time?
B. I am at the café. I am playing chess with Sam. B.Yeah, it’s half past three.
A. OK, see you there. Bye! A.Thanks.

61
Translate into English.

1. Ar dažnai klausai muzikos internete? ..........................................................................................

2. Ar kolegijos teritorijoje daug medžių? .........................................................................................
3. Ar kompiuteriai yra visose auditorijose? ......................................................................................
4. Ar šunims patinka kaulai? .............................................................................................................
5. Aš neperku knygų internetu ir apskritai ten nieko neperku. .........................................................
6. Neuždarykite lango, prašau. ........................................................................................................
7. Aš vis dar esu čia, fakultete. ........................................................................................................
8. Man nepatinka mokytis internetu. ...............................................................................................
9. Ar lankai visas paskaitas? ............................................................................................................
10. Kiek dabar valandų? ...................................................................................................................
11. Ar turite internetinę sąskaitą?........................................................................................................
12. Ar su viršininku bendraujate elektroniniu paštu,telefonu ar asmeniškai?.....................................
13. Jūs man skolinga(s) šventinę vakarienę. .......................................................................................
14. Man reikia elektroninio leidimo. ................................................................................................

Meet my friend Tod McQueen.

Tod is tall and handsome. He isn‘t fat, and he isn‘t thin. He is very rich. Tod‘s car is new and
beautiful, and the house is large and expensive. His neighbours are rich and quiet.Tod isn‘t married.

Tell me about your new friend.

1. Is he/she rich or ............... poor....................?

2.Is he/she tall or .............................................?
3.Is he/she heavy or ..........................................?
4. Is he/she young or ........................................?
5.Is he/she handsome/pretty or ...................................?
6. Is he/she single or ..........................................?

Tell me about your flat/apartment.

7.Is it large or ............................................................?

8.Is it noisy or .............................................................?
9.Is it expensive or .................................................?
10.Is it new or ..........................................................?

Mother: Stop using those bad words, dear.

Son: Shakespeare uses them.
Mother: Well, don‘t play with him any more.

–– East or West – home is best ––

Visur gerai, o namie geriausia

62
 VOCABULARY FOR LESSON FOUR

account [ә'kaunt] sąskaitabanke make [meɪk] daryti, (pa)gaminti

all [ɔ:l] visas, visi, viskas month [mʌnθ] mėnuo
attend [ә'tend] lankyti, dalyvauti morning ['mɔ:nɪŋ] rytas
away [ә'weɪ] šalin move [mu:v] judėti, kraustytis
bill [bɪl] sąskaita už paslaugas next [nekst] kitas
boat [bәut] valtis nine [naɪn] devyni
bone [bәun] kaulas often ['ɔfn] dažnai
bookcase ['bukkeɪs] knygų spinta once [wʌns] vienąkart
but [bәt] bet online ['ɔn'laɪn] internete
calendar ['kælɪndә] kalendorius owe [әu] būti skolingam
call [kɔ:l] šaukti, skambinti paper ['peɪpә] laikraštis, referatas
campus ['kæmpәs] universiteto/kolegijos p.m. lot. (kurią valandą) po pusiaudienio
teritorija
can [kәn] galėti,mokėti pass [pa:s] leidimas
pay [peɪ] mokėti, mokestis
chew [tʃu:] kramtyti piano [pɪ'ænәu] pianinas
city ['sɪtɪ] didmiestis plant [pla:nt] augalas,vazoninė gėlė
classroom ['kla:srum] klasė postcard ['pәustka:d] atvirukas
comfortable ['kʌmfәtәbl] patogus prepare [prɪ'pɜә] ruošti(s)
computer [kәm'pju:tә] kompiuteris printer ['prɪntә] spausdintuvas
concert ['kɔnsәt] koncertas sandwich ['sænwɪdʒ] sumuštinis
cousin [ˌkʌzn] pusbrolis, puseserė sentence ['sentәns] sakinys
course [kɔ:s] mokymo,paskaitų side [saɪd] pusė, šonas
kursas
dance [da:ns] šokti, šokis similar ['sɪmɪlә] panašus
dinner ['dɪnә] pietūs smoke [smәuk] rūkyti
dog [dɔg] šuo snack [snæk] užkandis
each [i:tʃ] kiekvienas sock [sɔk] kojinė
early ['ә:lɪ] anksti someone ['sʌmwʌn] kažkas (apie žmogų)
examination [ɪgzæmɪneɪʃn] egzaminų bilietai/ specialist ['speʃәlɪst] specialistas
paper [peɪpә] užduotys
enjoy [ɪn'dʒɔɪ] mėgautis still [stɪl] iki šiol, vis dar
faculty ['fækltɪ] fakultetas strong [strɔŋ] stiprus
feel [fi:l] jausti sugar ['ʃugә] cukrus
finish ['fɪnɪʃ] baigti, pabaiga suitcase ['sju:tkeɪs] lagaminas
Florida ['flɔrɪdә] Florida tea [ti:] arbata
funny ['fʌnɪ] juokingas ten [ten] dešimt
glass [gla:s] stiklinė thousand ['θauzәnd] tūkstantis
ticket bilietas
here [hɪә] čia (vietoje), štai travel ['trævl] keliauti
history ['hɪstәrɪ] istorija tree [tri:] medis
holiday [ šventadienis,
atostogos
immediately [ɪ'mi:dɪәtlɪ] tučtuojau uncle ['ʌŋkl] dėdė
joke [dʒәuk] pokštas usually ['ju:ʒuәlɪ] paprastai
late [leɪt] vėlyvas water ['wɔ:tә] vanduo
laugh [la:f] juokas, juoktis wear [wɜә] dėvėti
leave [li:v] išvykti where [wɜә] kur?, kame?
let’s (do) [lets] darykime year [jɪә,jә:] metai
light [laɪt] lengvas, šviesa young [jʌŋ] jaunas
like [laɪk] mėgti, panašiai, kaip

63
 LESSON FIVE

THE PERSONAL, PROSSESIVE AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Asmeninių, savybinių ir sangrąžinių įvardžių lentelė

Asmeninių įvardžių Asmeninių įvardžių Savybiniai įvardžiai KIENO? Sangrąžiniai

vardininkas KAS? objektinis linksnis KO? įvardžiai
Paprastieji Absoliutieji
KAM? KĄ? verčiami:
vartojami vartojami be
savęs, sau;
prieš daiktavardžio
pats, pati, etc.
daiktavardį
I – aš me – mane, man my – mano mine myself
manimi, manęs
you – tu you – tave, tau, tavimi, your – tavo yours yourself
tavęs
he – jis him – jį, jam, juo, jo his – jo his himself
she – ji her – ją, jai, ja, jos her – jos hers herself
it – jis, ji (gyvūnams, it – jį, ją, jam, jai its (jo, jos) its itself
daiktams ir
reiškiniams)
we – mes us – mus, mums, our – mūsų ours ourselves
mumis, mūsų
you – jūs you – jus, jums, jumis, your – jūsų yours yourselves
jūsų
they – jie, jos them – juos, jiems, jais, their – jų theirs themselves
jų

THE OBJECT PRONOUNS AFTER VERBS

Asmeninių įvardžių objektinio linksnio naudojimas po veiksmažodžių

The boy likes the girl. The girl likes the boy.
He likes her. She likes him.

Charles knows the word. or He knows it.

The boy likes the girls. or He likes them.
The girls study the lessons. or They study them.

THE OBJECT PRONOUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS

Asmeninių įvardžių objektinio linksnio naudojimas po prielinksnių

Please speak to the boss. Please speak to the nurse.

Please speak to him. Please speak to her.

at the joke or at it for the boy or for him

to those men or to them for the girls or for them

64
 THE WORDS MUCH AND MANY, A LITTLE AND A FEW, A LOT AND LOTS OF.
Kiekybinės reikšmės žodžiai su skaičiuotiniais ir neskaičiuotiniais daiktavardžiais

Not countables Countables Countables/ not countables

Neskaičiuotiniai Skaičiuotiniai
much money many dollars a lot of/lots of buildings
muchbread many sandwiches a lot of/lots of milk
much coffee many cups of coffee a lot of/lots of trees

a little water a few glasses

a little bread a few pieces of bread

+ ? -
Plural countables a lot of/lots of many many
They know a lot of Do they know many They don’t know many
interesting people. interesting people? interesting people.

Uncountables There is lots of snow much much

outside. Is there much snow There isn’t much snow
outside? outside.

Many/much daugiausia naudojama neigiamuose ir klausiamuosiuose sakiniuose, o teigiamuose

sakiniuose – a lot of / lots of.
e. g. A lot of people drive too fast.
Taip pat atkreipkite dėmesį į žodžio time reikšmes: much time (daug laiko) ir many times (daug
kartų).

Plural a few (keletas) (+) There are a few trees in my yard.

countables I have a few friends.
Plural few (mažai) (-) Few people visit him now.
countables I have few friends.
Uncountables a little (šiek tiek, truputis) (+) There is a little coffee, let’s have it.
I have a little time, let’s go for a walk.
Uncountables little (mažai, per mažai) (-) I have very little time for reading.
I have little time, I can’t go for a walk. I understand little of what he is
saying.

Žodžių junginiai a little ir a few paprastai nenaudojami neigiamuose sakiniuose

The words very and too

Junginiai su žodžiais very (labai) ir too (per, per daug, pernelyg)

very hot too hot

very fat too fat
very many students too many students
very much water too much water

65
 THE PRONOUNS SOME, ANY AND NO (NOT ANY)
Nežymimieji įvardžiai some, any ir no (not any)

Statement: There is some/no milk on the table.

Question: Is there any milk on the table?
Negative: There isn’t any milk on the table.

There are some/no students in the room.

Are there any students in the room?
There aren’t any students in the room.

Neiginys no vadinamas pilnu neiginiu, o neiginys not daliniu. Not neigia duotą daiktų skaičių, bet
neneigia šių daiktų buvimo apskritai.

I have (haven’t) much luggage. Aš neturiu daug bagažo.

I have no luggage Aš neturiu bagažo.

Įvardžiai some (kažkoks, tam tikras, truputis, keletas),any (kas nors, kiek nors, koks nors, bet koks)
ir no (joks, jokie) yra nežymimieji įvardžiai ir jie visi reiškia beveik tą patį, tačiau vartojami
skirtingai.

+ ? -
Singular a/an a/an a/an
countables There’s a book on the Is there a book on the There isn’t a book on the
table. table? table.

Plural countables some any not any/no

He has some friends. Does he have any He doesn’t have any friends.
friends? He has no friends.

Uncountables There’s some wine in Is there any wine in There isn’t any wine in the
the bottle. the bottle? bottle. There is no wine in
the bottle.

somebody/someone anybody/anyone anybody/anyone/nobody

(žmonėms)
There is Is there There isn’t anybody/anyone
somebody/someone in anybody/anyone in in the room. There is
the room. the room? nobody in the room.
something(daiktams) anything anything/nothing
He puts something into Does he put anything He doesn’t put anything into
his pocket. into his pocket? his pocket. He puts nothing
into his pocket.
somewhere (vietai) anywhere anywhere/nowhere
I’d like to go Would you like to go I wouldn’t like to go
somewhere hot. anywhere hot? anywhere hot. I would like
to go nowhere.

66
 Tačiau some gali būti naudojamas ne vien tik tiesioginiuose sakiniuose, bet ir klausimuose,
kai jie prasideda žodžiais ‘Would…?’ (reikšti pasiūlymui) ir ‘Could…?’ (reikšti prašymui), t.y., kai
iš pašnekovo tikimasi teigiamo atsakymo arba skatinama atsakyti teigiamai. Todėl some dažnai
vartojamas klausiamuosiuose sakiniuose ką nors siūlant.

Would you like some tea? Gal arbatos?

Could I have some coffee? Norėčiau kavos.

Tuo tarpu any gali būti naudojamas ir tiesioginiuose sakiniuose, kai jis reiškia: bet koks, bet kuris,
bet kada.

You can take any bus. Galima važiuoti bet kuriuo autobusu.
You can come any time. Gali ateiti bet kada.
You can choose any seat. Galima sėsti į bet kurią vietą.

FREQUENCY WORDS
Žodžiai dažnumui apibūdinti

Positive force Negative force

Teigiama prasmė Neigiama prasmė

always frequently sometimes seldom

usually often occasionally never

Atkreipkite dėmesį į jų vietą sakinyje:

Charles is always here after four o’clock.

Is Charles always here after four o’clock?
Charles isn’t always here after four o’clock.
Charles always gets to school on time.
Does Charles always get to school on time?
Charles doesn’t always get to school on time.

Exceptions to the rule (išimtys):

1. Žodžiai frequently , usually, sometimes ir occasionally gali būti vartojami ir sakinio pradžioje,
pvz: Sometimes we use that word in a different way.
2. Žodžių junginys very often taip pat vartojamas ir sakinio pabaigoje, pvz:
Our teacher gives us tests very often.

Žodžiai,turintys neigiamą atspalvį dažnumui nusakyti, paprastai nevartojami neigiamuose bei

klausiamuosiuose sakiniuose.

Žodis never tiesioginiame sakinyje pasikeičia į žodį ever neigiamajame ir klausiamajame sakinyje.

Frank is never there in the afternoon.

Is Frank ever there in the afternoon?
Frank isn’t ever there in the afternoon.

Frank never gets to work on time.

Does Frank ever get to work on time?
Frank doesn’t ever get to work on time.

67
 Idioms
Posakiai

to my(one‘s) mind To my mind you can‘t work well when singing.

to design a website I want to design a website for people to book online.
to be interested in My husband is interested in cars.

to give up He wants to give up smoking.

to go out Do you usually go out on Saturday nights?

to make fun of He makes fun of my pronunciation.

to make a mistake Sorry, it’s easy to make a mistake.

to make noise The children are making too much noise now.

to change (one‘s ) mind What makes you change your mind? The weather, it‘s too hot.

on the one hand On the one hand, Bill likes that car very much.

on the other hand But on the other hand, it’s too expensive.

each other John and Frank know each other very well.

to pick up Please pick up the wastepaper on the floor.

it is high time It’s high time to go. It’s getting dark.

quite a few Are there many students in the classroom? Yes, quite a few.
to be good at My sister is good at physics.

second-hand Charles is looking for a second-hand car.

to spend time on Do you spend much time on the lessons?

to stay in In the evenings we stay in with the family and watch TV.

to throw away Please don’t throw away that old hat.

to some extent To some extent, your statement is true.

to work late How often do you work late?

no/without doubt Without doubt, you are right.

to go on What‘s going on here?

A. Would you like the bill?

B. No, thank you!

68
Match English – Lithuanian sayings.

1.It‘s all Greek to me; ……………………………………………………………………………..

2.The nearer from the church, the further from the God; ………………………………………….
3. Enough is enough; …………………………………………………………………………….…
4.The more I know the more I don‘t know; ………………………………………………………..
5.Hell has no fire escape; …………………………………………………………………………..
6.Put all one‘s eggs into one basket; ………………………………………………………………
7.Buy a pig in a poke; ……………………………………………………………………………...
8.Store is no sore; …………………………………………………………………………………...
9.Take it or leave; …………………………………………………………………………………..
10.Live on beans. ……………………………………………………………………………………

a) Kas per daug tas nesveika;

b) Man tai kaip paukščių kalba;
c) Arti bažnyčia toli Dievas;
d) Iš balos sausas neišlipsi;
e)Viską statyti ant kortos;
f) Pirkti katę maiše;
g) Kuo daugiau žinau, tuo labiau suprantu, kad nieko nežinau;
h) Kaip sau norit;
i) Šiaip taip verstis;
j)Atsarga gėdos nedaro.

EXERCISE 55.Use isn’t, aren’t, don’t or doesn’t.

1. This lesson ………… very difficult. .....................................

2. The students ……… like American coffee.
3. The children ……… playing right now.
4. John ……… know the answer to the question.
5. We ……… listening to the radio now.
6. The men ……… from Palanga.
7. He ……… speak English very well.
8. The children ……… making noise now.
9. Mr Smith ……… teach history.
10. Alice and I ……… very tired.
11. They ……… spend much time on English.
12. We ……… throw away old magazines.
13. William ……… looking forward to his birthday.
14. Those women ……… take time out from the work.
15. These houses ……… for sale.
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................

A. Is this your newspaper?

B. Yes, do you want to read it?
A.Yes, I want to check the football results.
B. No problem.

69
EXERCISE 56. Use the correct present tense of each verb.

1. The sun ........................(shine) now. ........ The sun is shining now. . ..........................
2. The sun .........(get) very hot during the day. ...........................................................................
3. Fiona.......... (play) the piano every evening. ...........................................................................
4. Tom ......(look) forward to a vacation in June. ...........................................................................
5. The children ..........(sleep) every afternoon. ...........................................................................
6. The student......(look up) the word right now. ...........................................................................
7. The boy....... (study) the lessons every day. ...........................................................................
8. Tommy .............(put away) the toys now. ...........................................................................
9. I.....................(read) an interesting book. ...........................................................................
10. Alice............(pick up) the apples in the garden now. .................................................................
11. I............................. (think) you are right. ...........................................................................
12. My children............... (like) shopping too. ...........................................................................
13. Women......................(not play) baseball. ...........................................................................
14. My sister..............(use) the Internet a lot. ...........................................................................
15. My mother.....................(not work) late. ...........................................................................
16. At the moment I.........(talk) on the phone. ...........................................................................
17. Ted..........(not know) how to use a computer. ...........................................................................
18. We................(surf) the Net at the moment. ...........................................................................
19. Ben ...........(not read) magazines, but I...... (enjoy) reading them. .............................................
20. My dad.............(never sit) around doing nothing. ......................................................................

Ask and answer these questions with another student in your class. Give reasons for your
opinions.

In your opinion....

1.Who is the most popular TV star in Lithuania? ...........................................................................

2.Who is the most important person in the world? ..........................................................................
3.What is the best/worst city in your country? ................................................................................
4.Who is the most interesting person in your family? .....................................................................
5.What is the funniest TVprogramme? ...........................................................................................
6.What is the best newspaper? .........................................................................................................
7.What is the most popular car in Lithuania? ..................................................................................
8.Who is the most important person in the history of Lithuania? ...................................................
9.What is the most popular pet? ......................................................................................................
10.What is the most popular food in your family? ..........................................................................

A. Sorry, you can‘t park here. You have to move.

B. Where can we park?
A. There‘s a car park down the street.
B. But it‘s full.
A. Then you have to use a meter.
B. But we can‘t find a meter.
A. Sorry, but that sign means no parking.

–– Eye for eye, tooth for tooth ––

Akis už akį, dantis už dantį

70
EXERCISE 57. Use that, there or what.
1. Is ………… a cheap hotel? ………………………..
2. ……… is he carrying? ………………………..
3. ……… are lots of books in the library. ………………………...
4. Are ……… many students in ……… class? …………, ..…….……
5. Is ……… a dictionary? …………………………
6. ……… do you want? ………………………...
7. ……… are a lot of chairs in the hall. ………………………...
8. ……… are they doing now? ………………………..
9. Are ……… any good places for food? ………………………..
10. ……… is ………? ……………, …………

EXERCISE 58. Add a little or a few.

1. Tommy has money. ....................................... Tommy has a little money. .................................
2. He has friends here. ...................................................................................................................
3. There is water in the bottle. .......................................................................................................
4. There are sandwiches on the table. ............................................................................................
5. I have time, let’s have a cup of tea. ...........................................................................................
6. There are paintings in the room. ................................................................................................
7. There is fruit in the dish. ............................................................................................................
8. People are coming into the building. ..........................................................................................
9. There is butter on the plate. ........................................................................................................
10. I spend time on English each evening. .......................................................................................
11. Guests are always late. ...............................................................................................................
12. I have magazines in the bag. ......................................................................................................
13. My sister has ballpoint pens. ......................................................................................................
14. There is dust on the furniture. . ...................................................................................................
15. She is putting bread, butter and cheese on the table now. .........................................................
EXERCISE 59. Add much, many or very.
1. The man is hungry. ......................................... The man is very hungry. ....................................
2. He drinks coffee every day. .......................................................................................................
3. John eats sandwiches for lunch. .................................................................................................
4. These lessons take time. ............................................................................................................
5. It is important. ...........................................................................................................................
6. She isn’t thirsty. .........................................................................................................................
7. That boy is fat. ...........................................................................................................................
8. Are there people in the office? ..................................................................................................
9. Do you drink coke? ...................................................................................................................
10. The weather in August is hot here. ............................................................................................
11. Does Jane have friends? ............................................................................................................
12. This is a straight road. ...............................................................................................................
13. Are there girls in that class? ......................................................................................................
14. He lives in a big white house. ....................................................................................................
15. People give up smoking. ............................................................................................................
16. These lessons are difficult. .........................................................................................................
17. Is there bread in the kitchen? .....................................................................................................
18. Is the Polish student happy here? ..............................................................................................
19. English is an easy language. .......................................................................................................
20. Are the kids making noise now?.................................................................................................
71
EXERCISE 60. Translate into English. Use much, many or a lot of.
1. Ar mes turime daug pinigų? ......................................................................................................
2. Šie studentai moka daug dainų. .................................................................................................
3. Aš kartais perku daug knygų. ....................................................................................................
4. Ar šaldytuve daug ledo? ............................................................................................................
5. Čia labai daug žmonių. ..............................................................................................................
6. Ar lietuviai valgo daug juodos duonos? ....................................................................................
7. Ar virtuvėje yra daug mineralinio vandens? .............................................................................
8. Čia žiemą daug nelyja, lyja vasarą. ...........................................................................................
9. Aš nedaug dedu cukraus į kavą. ................................................................................................
10. Jauni žmonės paprastai turi daug draugų. ..................................................................................
11. Jis negeria daug kokakolos. .......................................................................................................
12. Daugelis žmonių labai mėgsta TV žinių programas. .................................................................
13. Mes paprastai neturime problemų su bagažu. ...........................................................................
14. Ar Laura gauna daug elektroninių laiškų? .................................................................................
15. Aš vakare paprastai daug nevalgau. ..........................................................................................
16. Italai valgo daug sūrio. ..............................................................................................................
17. Ar daug perkate balto vyno? ......................................................................................................
18. Ar jie kasdien išmoksta daug naujų žodžių? ..............................................................................
19. Aš turiu daug rūpesčių su savo senuoju automobiliu. ...............................................................
20. Mes kalbam nedaug. ..................................................................................................................

EXERCISE 61. Use too, too much or too many.

1. …… too … warm 6. …………… dollars 11. …………… short

2. …………… money 7. …………… children 12. …………… time
3. …………… students 8. …………… work 13. …………… days
4. …………… people 9. …………… big 14. …………… wide
5. …………… rain 10. …………… cake 15. …………… weak
EXERCISE 62. Use very, very little or very few.

1. … very few … students 6. ………… money 11. ………… fat

2. ………… cold 7. ………… time 12. ………… work
3. ………… sugar 8. ………… times 13. ………… coffee
4. ………… hot 9. ………… people 14. ………… books
5. ………… friends 10. ………… happy 15. ………… milk

Choose a, b or c.
1. It’s so messy in here! There are toys .................................................................................................
a. anywhere b. somewhere c. everywhere
2. There are so many students. You can’t sit .........................................................................................
a. nowhere b. anywhere c. something
3. .......................................... likes Lucy! She is very nice.
a. Anybody b. Everywhere c. Everybody
4. I’m not going to the party. I’ve got ......................................................................................to wear.
a. nothing b. something c. anything
5. We never buy milk. ......................................................................................... in my family likes it.
a. Someone b. Everybody c. No one
6. Do you want ...................................................................................................................... to drink?
a. nothing b. anything c. somebody
72
EXERCISE 63. Add too, too much or too many.

1. He eats ice cream. ........................................... He eats too much ice cream. .............................
2. Mr Brown has money. ...............................................................................................................
3. He has luggage. .........................................................................................................................
4. It is cold today. ..........................................................................................................................
5. The car is long. ..........................................................................................................................
6. The students are making noise. ..................................................................................................
7. They don‘t put sugar in the coffee. ...........................................................................................
8. There are pictures on the wall. ...................................................................................................
9. We hear music on the radio. ......................................................................................................
10. There is furniture in the kitchen. ...............................................................................................
11. These exercises take time. .........................................................................................................
12. Those exercises are easy. ...........................................................................................................
13. There are coffee machines on this floor. ...................................................................................
14. He drinks mineral water. ............................................................................................................
15. This cake is sweet. .....................................................................................................................

EXERCISE 64. Use some or any in each blank space.

1. We don’t have …… any …… money. …………………….

2. They don’t want …………… coffee. …………………….
3. The children want ………… dessert now. …………………….
4. John is eating …………… ice cream now. …………………….
5. He doesn’t want ………… sugar in the coffee. …………………….
6. There aren’t ………… chairs in that room. …………………….
7. There are ………… paintings on the wall. …………………….
8. I don’t know ………… words in Spanish. …………………….
9. She doesn’t want …………… cream ice after dinner. …………………….
10. He’s having ………… problems with his car. …………………….
11. I don’t have ………… time right now. ……………………..
12. Do you know ………… new songs? …………………….

EXERCISE 65. Change these statements into negative.

1. He needs some money. ................................... He doesn’t need any money. . ............................

2. She puts some pepper and salt into soups. .................................................................................
3. They have some money now. .....................................................................................................
4. There’s some milk on the table. .................................................................................................
5. There are some sandwiches here. ..............................................................................................
6. Mr Brown knows some Italian. .................................................................................................
7. There’s some paper in the drawer. .............................................................................................
8. We want some coffee now. ........................................................................................................
9. He’s putting some sugar in the coffee. ......................................................................................
10. There are some students in that class. ........................................................................................

–– Mistakes are the best teachers ––

Iš klaidų mokomės

73
Correct the mistakes.

1. There is very few cake in the box. …………………………………………………

2. How much oranges are there in the fridge? ………………………………………………...
3. Rita has got many money. ………………………………………………...
4. There are a little people in the shop. ………………………………………………..
5. Mike hasn‘t got much friends. ………………………………………………...
6. There is few snow on the mountains. ………………………………………………..
7. How much glasses can you see in the picture?……………………………………………….
8. I have got little pencils but a lot of pens. ………………………………………………..
9. There are much animals in the zoo. ……………………………………………….
10. How many cream is there in the bowl? ………………………………………………..

Use a few or a little for each of the nouns in the list.

e.g. a few chairs a little water

chairs sandwiches dictionaries

water honey furniture
tea knives luggage
books children food
chocolate Coke plates
time butter times
bread lemonade ice cream
men salt paper
deer desks months
jam hats suitcases
glasses pepper
Read the text and answer the questions below.
My Daily Routine
Well, I get up at half past six in the morning. Actually, I don‘t like getting up early. I have a shower
and sometimes a bath. After that I have breakfast. I usually have a mug of tea and a sandwich and I
never have coffee in the morning. I start school at eight o‘clock in the morning. At ten minutes to
one we always have lunch with coffee. After studies I get home at half past four. We have supper at
seven o‘clock in the evening. After supper I usually work on the computer, watch TV or listen to
music. I go to bed at eleven o‘clock.

1)What time do you have breakfast?

2)When do you start work or studies?
3)When do you get home after work or studies?
4)Do you have lunch?
5) What do you usually do in the evenings?
6) Do you go to bed at half past eleven?

Tell your partner abaut your daily routine.

–– Appetite comes with eating ––

Apetitas atsiranda bevalgant

74
EXERCISE 66. Reverse the subject and the object.
1. We know her. ...... She knows us. ..........
2. They know us. .... We know them. ........
3. She knows him. ....................................
4. I know you. ..........................................
5. He knows them. ...................................
6. You know me. .....................................
7. We know him. .....................................
8. She knows us. ......................................
9. They know you. ...................................
10. I know him. ..........................................
EXERCISE 67. Substitute pronouns for the underlined words.
1. Do you like this school?
2. John is hitting the ball now.
3. He knows Mr Smith very well.
4. I do not hear the children.
5. Do you see those news cars?
6. Do you know Miss Smith?
7. We are helping mother now.
8. Is he speaking to Mr Adams?
9. Do you know those men?
10. I am helping John with the lesson.
11. We are getting help from charity.
12. I don’t like this guest very much.
13. He is writing the letters now.
14. Does he know Mr and Mrs Smith?
15. I send a letter to Helen and Betty every week.
16. The students like Miss Brown.
17. She’s putting the food on the table.
18. John is answering the question correctly.
19. He buys vegetables at the store.
20. Do they know that womanvery well?
21. The boys are moving the chairs into the room.
22. Do you enjoy the Simpsons very much?
23. Does John know the new students?
24. The boy is giving a toast to the dog.
25. The teacher is reading the story to the students.
11. He knows her. .......................................
12. You know them. ...................................
13. We know you. .......................................
14. She knows them. ...................................
15. They know him. ....................................
16. I know her. ............................................
17. He knows me. .......................................
18. You know him. .....................................
19. We know them. .....................................
20. They know her. .....................................
..................Do you like it? ............................
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EXERCISE 68. Follow the example.

1. Is he helping you? Yes, but …… I’m not helping him .............................................................
2. Are you helping them? Yes, but …… they aren’t helping us ..................................................
3. Am I helping you? Yes, but .....................................................................................................
4. Are they helping her? Yes, but ................................................................................................
5. Are you helping him? Yes, but ................................................................................................
6. Is she helping you? Yes, but .....................................................................................................
7. Are they helping him? Yes, but ................................................................................................
8. Is he helping her? Yes, but .......................................................................................................
9. Are they helping you? Yes, but ................................................................................................
10. Am I helping him? Yes, but .....................................................................................................
75
EXERCISE 69. Substitute pronouns for the underlined words.
1. The chair is comfortable.
2. The tables are quite big.
3. That blouse is very pretty.
4. The work isn’t very hard.
5. This furniture is expensive.
6. The boy is reading the book now.
7. Mat is walking to school with John.
8. The teachers are talking to the students.
9. The children like Miss Smith very much.
10. Does that student know the answer?
11. The employees are answering the questions.
12. Does Mr Smith know that man very well?
13. Miss Smith is explaining the lesson to the students. ..................................................................
14. The child is playing with the toy.
15. The boys are putting things in the box.
16. The students like Mr Brown very much.
17. The students understand the lesson very well.
18. Do Charles and Mary like this season?
19. Are the men speaking to Mary and Helen?
20. Is the woman writing in the notebook?
21. The children are playing with the dog.
22. Is Ms Brown giving the luggage to the man?
23. The men don’t like shopping very much.
24. The childrenare not playinga board gamenow.
EXERCISE 70. Add ever or never.
1. I eat there.
2. That student is on time.
3. They don’t speak to us.
4. Do you make fun of people?
5. She doesn’t save money.
6. We get a good takeaway here.
7. John spends much time on his studies.
8. Does he drink coffee?
9. The sandwiches aren’t expensive.
10. The calendars are cheap.
Asisstant. Good morning.
Customer. Hello. Can I have a coffee with cream?
A Sure. Anything else ?
C And an apple pie, please.
A Eat in or take away?
C Eat in. How much is that?
A It’s five euros sixty five.
C Here you are.
–– Charity begins at home ––
Savi marškiniai arčiau kūno
..............It is comfortable. .......................
..............They are quite big. ....................
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.................. I never eat there. .....................................
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76
EXERCISE 71. Add the indicated words.
(part one)
1. (always)That student is late.
2. (seldom) Tom has fruit for breakfast.
3. (often) The children are very noisy.
4. (usually) Mr Smith walks to work.
5. (seldom) John drinks milk at lunch.
6. (never) That man works very hard.
7. (usually) Are the lessons interesting?
8. (always) Does he come here at 9:00 a.m.?
9. (often) The lessons aren’t difficult.
10. (usually) The water isn’t cold at this time of the year.
(part two)
11. (always) Is there enough food in the fridge?
12. (usually) Do you study the lessons at night?
13. (seldom) We listen to the radio during the day.
14. (often) The men are very busy.
15. (sometimes) I write with a ballpoint pen.
16. (frequently) We are at home in the evening.
17. (always) Do they translate the sentences word for word? ..........................................................
18. (usually) Is it cool in autumn here.
19. (ever) They don't practise the words.
20. (always) Are the dishes on that shelf?
Circle the correct words.
1. A: Marry, is that car your / yours?
B: No, it isn’t me / mine. It’s my father’s.
2. A: Hey Brenda, can you give us / ours/ your new CD?
B: It isn’t mine / her. It’s my brother’s. Let’s ask him / her.
3. A: That’s John’s new T-shirt. Do you like it / her?
B: No, I don’t! Yours / His is better.
4. A: Mrs Black is a very rude woman! Do you know him / her?
B: Yes, I do! She lives next to us / our.
EXERCISE 72. Complete these sentences using idioms.
(part one)
1. Let’s buy a ……………………… car.
2. The two men know……………. other very well.
3. I always say new words ………… and over.
4. In Lithuania people ……………… too much food.
5. To…… mind this second hand car is too expensive.
77
.......... That student is always late. ......
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 6. Children spend a lot of time ………… new words. …………………………..
7. Don’t make fun ………………… that child. ............................................
8. I agree with him …………………. some extent. ............................................
9. …………… doubt, he knows the answer. ............................................
10. First ………… all, let’s ask the teacher. ............................................
11. Is that house …………… sale? ............................................
12. Look…………….! You’re driving too fast! ............................................
13. Babies usually wake …………. quite early. ............................................
14. Does he always get ……… right away? ............................................

(part two)

15. We and our friends always ……… on Saturday nights. ………………………..

16. ……….. the one hand, it’s interesting. ……………………….
17. But ….. the other hand, it’s too difficult. ………………………
18. William wants to ……………… smoking. ……………………….
19. Let’s take a ……………… to Canada next summer. …………………….…
20. Do you always go ………… at the same time? ……………………….
21. He …… never late on Fridays. ……………………….
22. There are ………. few important exercises in this book. ……………………….
23. It’s a lovely day! Let’s go ……… a walk. ……………………….
24. Please …………your mind, we have got tickets to the concert. ……………………..
25. She’s picking ……… the apples in the garden now. ………………………
26. …………………. mind that’s not important. ………………………
27. Please …………………… that book on the floor. ………………………
28. The concert starts at 6 o’clock. ………………… to leave. ……………………….

Translate into English.

1. Ar pažįsti šį žmogų? ..................................................................................................................

2. Aš moku šiek tiek vokiškai.........................................................................................................
3. Studentai dabar neturi laiko. . .....................................................................................................
4. Ar susitinki su draugais savaitgaliais? ........................................................................................
5. Ką veiki šeštadienio rytais? ........................................................................................................
6. Ar jie gerai leidžia laiką vakarėlyje? ..........................................................................................
7. Ar Simsonų šeima draugiška? ....................................................................................................
8. Ar visada eini į sveikatingumo centrą šeštadieniais? .................................................................
9. Aš niekada nevažiuoju autobusu. ...............................................................................................
10. Man didelį kavos, prašau. ...........................................................................................................

Practise with your teacher paying attention to the sound [ә:].

Kartokite šiuos sakinius atkreipdami dėmesį į garsą [ә:].

Turner:‘Are you girls learning German?‘ Murdoch:‘I‘ve missed my turn.‘

Perkins:‘Yes, very earnestly.‘ Burgess:‘ It serves you right.‘

–– A storm in a tea cup ––

Audra vandens stiklinėje

78
EXERCISE 73. Are you a fusspot? (neramus, bruzdalas) Answer the questions.
Use: always,usually, sometimes, seldom, never.

1. Do you get up on time in the morning ? ......... I usually get up on time in the morning. ............
2. Do you put your clothes away in the wardrobe ? .......................................................................
3. Do you close doors and drawers ? ..............................................................................................
4. Do you switch the light off when you leave a room ? ..............................................................
5. Do you have snacks between meals ? ........................................................................................
6. Do you clean your teeth before you go to bed ? .........................................................................
7. Do you clean your shoes ? ..........................................................................................................
8. Do you put litter in a litter bin ? ................................................................................................
9. Do you do your homework on time? .........................................................................................
10. Do you cross the road at a pedestrian crossing ? .......................................................................

Now look to answers and read the comments on your character. Do you agree with them? Why/Why
not?
5 points for each always
4 points for each usually
3 points for each sometimes
2 points for each seldom
1 point for each never
If you scored:
50 – Idon’t believe it. Are you a person or a saint?
40-49 – You are a bit of a fusspot. You are sometimes late or untidy, but you usuallydo the right
thing.
30-39 – You are normal. You are usually on time and you seldom do the wrong thing but perhaps
you should try harder. You aren’t always tidy.
20-29 – Things are not very good for you. You should certainly try harder. You are usually late and
you would probably forget your head, if it wasn’t fixed to your body.
10-19 – Oh, dear. You are a walking disaster. How do you remember to breathe?
Read and translate the texts.
Tom: I‘m a student and I don‘t like cooking. My fridge is pretty disgusting! There are some pizzas
…yeah, five pizzas. They’re all cheese and tomato. That’s my favorite. And there’s some beer. Uh,
one, two, three … yeah, there are five cans of beer. I’ve got some sausages. Mmm. They’re too old. I
cant’t eat those … And some milk. Yeah, that’s OK.

Helen: Well, I’m retired. I live on my own now. Just me and my cat. In my fridge there’s some cat food
for Murka. She doesn’t eat very much nowadays. She’s fourteen, you know. There are some potatoes.
They’re from yestarday’s dinner. There are some sardines on a plate, and they’re for my dinner tonight.
And I’ve got some melon for tonight as well.

Vanessa: I’m a vegetarian, actually. I don’t eat meat or fish. I’ve got some yoghurt. I have yoghurt for
breakfast because it’s very good for you. And there’s some salad. I eat a lot of salad. I’ve got some
beans, and some mineral water. That’s it!

Tell your partner what you have got in your fridge.

79
 VOCABULARY FOR LESSON FIVE

takeaway ['teɪkәweɪ] maistas a lot of [lɔt] daug

išsinešimui
a.m. ante meridiem priešpiet lots of [lɔts] daugybė
agree [ә'gri:] sutikti lovely ['lʌvlɪ] mielas, žavingas
always ['ɔ:lwәz,-weɪz] visada luggage ['lʌgɪdʒ] bagažas
any ['enɪ] bet koks lunch [lʌntʃ] priešpiečiai
August ['ɔ:gәst] rugpjūtis me [mɪ,mi:] aš, mane, man, etc.
ballpoint ['bɔ:lpɔɪnt] tušinukas mistake [mɪ'steɪk] klaida
pen
birthday ['bә:θdeɪ] gimtadienis mother ['mʌðә] mama
bottle ['bɔtl] butelis never ['nevә] niekada
bread [bred] duona night [naɪt] vėlyvas vakaras
butter ['bʌtә] sviestas occasionall [ә'keɪʒnәlɪ] retkarčiais
y
cafe ['kæfeɪ] kavinė o’clock [ә'klɔk] valanda
cake [keɪk] pyragas, tortas office ['ɔfɪs] kontora, biuras
Canada ['kænәdә] Kanada painting ['peɪntɪŋ] paveikslas
chair tʃɜә] kėdė pepper ['pepә] pipiras, -ai
corner ['kɔ:nә] kampas plate [pleɪt] lėkštė
correctly [kә'rektlɪ] teisingai practise ['præktɪs] mokytis
cream [krɪ:m] grietinėlė refrigerator rɪ'frɪdʒәreɪtә] šaldytuvas
dessert [dɪ'zә:t] desertas right [raɪt] dešinė, teisingai
dictionary ['dɪkʃәnәrɪ] žodynas road [rәud] kelias
drive [draɪv] vairuoti salt [sɔ:lt] druska
during ['djuәrɪŋ] per, metu same [seɪm] tas pats
dust [dʌst] dulkės say [seɪ] sakyti
easy [ɪ:zɪ] lengvas seldom ['seldәm] retai, nedažnai
enough [ɪ'nʌf] gana, short [ʃɔ:t] trumpas
pakankamai
ever ['evә] kada nors sometimes ['sʌmtaɪmz] kartais
fall [fɔ:l] kristi, ruduo (Am.E.) song [sɔŋ] daina
fat [fæt] storas, riebus straight [streɪt] tiesiai
few [fju:] keli, keletas summer ['sʌmә] vasara
food [fu:d] maistas sweet [swi:t] saldus
frequently ['frɪ:kwәntlɪ] dažnai them [ðәm] juos
fruit [fru:t] vaisiai thing [θɪŋ] daiktas
furniture ['fә:nɪtʃә] baldai thirsty ['θә:stɪ] ištroškęs
guest [gest] svečias time [taɪm] laikas
help [help] pagalba times [taɪmz] kartai, laikai
her [hә] ją toast [tәust] skrebutis
him [hɪm] jį too [tu:] irgi
ice cream [ˌaɪs'kri:m] ledai true [tru:] tiesa, teisingas
important [ɪm'pɔ:tәnt] svarbus us [әs,ʌs] mus, mums
June [dʒu:n] birželis vacation [vә'keɪʃn] atostogos
keep [kɪ:p] laikyti, vegetable ['vedʒɪtәbl] daržovė
iš(si)laikyti
kitchen ['kɪtʃɪn] virtuvė warm [wɔ:m] šiltas
left [left] kairė weak [wi:k] silpnas
little ['lɪtl] mažas wide [waɪd] platus

80
 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Papildoma medžiaga

PHONETICS
Pratimai fonetinėms treniruotėms
Practise with your teacher paying attention to the sounds in brackets.
Kartokite kartu su mokytoju taisyklingai tardami garsus pažymėtus laužtiniuose skliausteliuose:

[i:] - [ɪ]
eat – it deep – dip heat - hit
eel – ill leap – lip cheap - chip
feet – fit sleep – slip reach - rich
seat – sit least – list keel - kill
beat – bit steel – still peel - pill
peat – pit teen – tinx wheel - will

to eat meat in the rich feast a sick sheep

to meet Pete in the free seat a big tree
to eat cheese in the big tree six feet

[e] – [æ]
ten – tan less – lass peck - pack
den – dan mess – mass beg - bag
lend – land guess – gas Weg - wag
men – man bend – band ate - at
bet – bat pen – pan ren - ran

to sell well a fat cat the best hat

a wet nest a black cap the fat men
the best dress the cat ran the black dress

[ʌ] – [a:]
hut - heart buck – bark harm – hum
duck – dark cup – carp charm - chum
luck – lark cut – cart march – much

a lucky start a sharp arch the funny car

a dusty brush a star mark the lucky star
a funny bus a dark park the darker duck

[ɔ] – [ɔ:]
stock – stork spot – sport caller - collie
not – naught pot – port naughty - knotty
shot - short cot – caught porter - potter

81
 a lost dog a small ball on the lost board
a hot dog a tall wall on the soft paw
a top doll a small hall in the small box

[e] -[ә:] [æ] - [ә:] [ʌ] - [ә:]

ten - turn tan - turn tun - turn

Ben- burn lack - lurk luck - lurk
best-burst flat - flirt bud - bird
bed- bird bad - bird bun – burn

a red bird a black bird a lucky girl

a wet purse a bad firm a dusty pearl
an empty word a sad girl a funny purse

[ɪә] - [eә]
tear - tear fear - fare mere - mare
dear - dare beer - bare beard - bared
Lear - Lare here - hair peer - pair

My dear Claire a beer fair a bare beard

a near pair a beard hair a fair share
a mere fare a fearless mare a severe bear

[ɔɪ] - [ou]
toy - toe join - Joan annoy - a know
boy – bow oiled - old a noise - a nose
coin – cone toiled - told a void - a vote

an old bow a joined row a void vote

the boy’s home a toiler’s vote a coin load
an oiled cone a noisy home a toy’s note

[t] – [d]
lit – lid set - said but - bud
bit – bid net - Ned not - nod
hit – hid wet - wed plot - plod
sit - Sid bat - bad write - ride
seat – seed sat - sad wrote - rode
feet – feed coat - code sight - side

a white side a bad hat a good fruit

a good plate a right side a red man
a night ride a sad lad a hut of mud

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 [p] – [b]
tap - tab nip - nib
cap - cab rip - rib
slap - slab rope - robe
mop - mob ripe - ribe

a cup and a tub to sup in a pub

a nap in the club the crab is in a tub
to step in a tub Bob is in a cab

[k] – [g]
Dick – dig lack - lag frock - frog
pick - pig stack - stag flock - flog
duck - dug back - bag dock - dog
luck - lug rack - rag peck - beg

a black dog a big dog big luck

a dark bug a black jug thick fog
a big log a dark rug Nick’s bag

[s] – [z]
ice - eyes ass - as
rice - rise bus - buzz
price - prize hiss - his
niece - knees loose - lose
peace - peas dose - doze
fleece - fleas purse - purrs

nice eyes nice surprise his niece

Miss Wise a wise nurse Swiss cheese
size six this is ice his eyes

[f] – [v]
five - five a life - alive proof - prove
wife - wive a strife - a strive leaf - leave
life - live a serf – a serve grief – grieve

to live a life a save cave a deaf chef

to give a laugh with five doves the seventh verse
to rough a knife with a rough knife the briefest drive

83
[d] – [ð] [s] -[θ]

day – they sick – thick

doze – those sin – thin
dare – there sink – think
den – then sank – thank
dense – thence sum – thumb
doe – though sane – thane
bade – bathe face – faith
side – scythe pass – path
load - lothe mouse – mouth

[f] – [θ] [t] -[θ]

fin - thin tin – thin
fought - thought tree – three
firm - therm trust – thrust
first - thirst torn – thorn
free-three tank – thank
furred - third ticket – thicket
loaf - oath fate – faith
roof – tooth part – path
safe - faith heart - hearth

a thick fig a thin thorn these things

a free thought a thick thumb those thoughts
to thank Sam a thin sward their thirst

US English and UK English

bathtub bath (vonia) elevator lift (liftas)

a bill a check(in a cafe) (sąskaita) apartment flat (butas)
truck lorry (sunkvežimis) eraser rubber (trintukas)
baggage luggage (bagažas) closet wardrobe (drabužių spinta)
sidewalk pavement (šaligatvis) faucet tap (vandens čiaupas)
line queue (eilė) yard garden (kiemas)
vacation holiday (atostogos) cookie biscuit (sausainis)
trunk (of car) boot (bagažinė) candy sweets (saldainiai)
hood (of car) bonnet (kapotas) garbage rubbish (šiukšlės)
cab taxi (taksi) diaper nappy (vystyklas)
round trip return (kelionė ten ir atgal) panti-hose tights (pėdkelnės)
84
 ARTICLES
Artikelių naudojimas

Anglų kalboje vartojami specialūs daiktavardį nusakantys žodžiai,vadinami artikeliais. Jie į lietuvių
kalbą neverčiami, bet jie teikia tam tikrą informaciją.
Nežymimasis artikelis (a,an) kilo iš žodžio ‘vienas‘ ir yra vartojamas tik su skaičiuotiniais
daiktavardžiais ir tik vienaskaitoje. Jis rodo, kad kalbama apie bet kurį daiktą iš tos pačios grupės
daiktų, pvz., Give me a pencil, please (bet kurį pieštuką).
Žymimasis artikelis (the) kilo iš parodomojo įvardžio‘šitas,šita‘ ir parodo, kad daiktas yra konkretus
bei žinomas kalbančiajam ir klausytojui, pvz., Give me the red pencil, please.

Indefinite article [a, an] (nežymimasis artikelis) naudojamas:

 Su pažyminiu kai daiktavardis yra suskaičiuotinis, e.g. a red apple; a clever boy, an orange
dress, an old book.
 Su daiktavardžiu po junginio ‘there is‘ e.g. There is a restourant near my house.
 Šaukiamuosiuose sakiniuose: What a nice day.
 Po žodžio ‘such‘: He is such a good boy.
 Skaitvardžio ‘one‘ reikšme (reiškiant laiką, atstumą, svorį): in a minute; a kilometre long; a
kilo of bananas.
 Prieš skaitvardžius: a hundred, a thousand, a million, a dozen.
 Su profesijomis: a teacher, a waiter, a doctor.
 Su įvardžiais: a little, a few, a lot of, e.g.Give Ellen a litlle fish.
 Kai kuriuose pastoviuose posakiuose:

a cold in the head – sloga; to be in a hurry – skubėti;

a minute ago – prieš minutę;
an hour later – valanda vėliau;
as a rule – dažniausiai;
in a whisper – pašnibždomis;
it‘s a pity – gaila;
it is a pleasure – malonu;
it is a shame – gėda,apmaudu;
to be at a loss – sutrikti, pasimesti;
to have a bath – išsimaudyti vonioje;
to have a cold – peršalti;
to have a good time – gerai praleisti laiką;
to have a headache/toothache – skaudėti
galvą/dantį;
to have a rest –pailsėti;
to have a smoke – parūkyti;
to have a try – pabandyti;
to pay a visit – apsilankyti.

Definite article [the] (žymimasis artikelis) naudojamas:

 Su kelintiniais skaitvardžiais: the first, the second.

 Su aukščiausio laipsnio būdvardžiais: the biggest, the shortest.
 Su: the following/last/next/same/only; išimtis nurodant laiką: next week, last week.
 Kai yra paaiškinimas: the book on the table, the house where I live.
 Kai žinoma iš konteksto, situacijos ar asmeninės patirties: The letter is very long. Go to the
blackboard, please.
 Su vieninteliais dalykais/objektais: the sun, the moon, the internet.
 Kai būdvardis tampa daiktavardžiu: the rich, the disabled, the young.
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 Su muzikos instrumentais: to play the piano/the guitar.
 Su: the theatre, the cinema, the radio (bet TV), the police.
 Su jūromis, vandenynais, upėmis, kanalais.
 Su viešbučiais, kino teatrais, laikraščiais, žurnalais, laivais, restoranais.
 Su pasaulio šalimis: the West/East/South/North.
 Su pavardėmis daugiskaita, kai kalbama apie visą šeimą: It‘s a pity, but the Tautkai/the Woods
are not here.
 Kai kuriuose pastoviuose posakiuose:
to be out of the question – dėl to negali būti on the one hand .... on the other hand – viena
nė kalbos; vertus ... kita vertus;
to be on the safe side – dėl visa ko, vis dėlto; on the whole – apskritai;
by the way – tarp kitko; to tell the truth – tiesą sakant;
nothing of the kind – nieko panašaus; under the circumstances – tokiomis
sąlygomis.

Zero article - kai prieš daiktavardžius nevartojamas joks artikelis:

 Prieš daiktavardžių daugiskaitą, jei jie reiškia konkrečiai nenurodomus daiktus: Cats can see
in the dark.
 Kreipiniuose: Children, stop talking.
 Su savaitės dienomis, mėnesiais, metų laikais, jeigu nėra paaiškinimo: Spring begins in May;
Are you busy on Friday?
 Valgymo laiko nusakymui: breakfast, dinner, lunch, supper. Dinner is ready.
 Su neskaičiuotiniais (abstraktčiais, medžiaginiais) daiktavardžiais: music, literature, life,
freedom, water, cheese, milk, coffee (jeigu be paaiškinimo). Ann doesn‘t like coffee.
 Prieš vardus ir pavardes. Emily Darvin is interested in politics.
 Prieš daiktavardžius reiškiančius sportinius žaidimus: Do you play golf or football?
 Su švenčių pavadinimais: On Chistmas Day
 Po neiginio no: He has no key in his pocket.
 Mokomieji dalykai: English, History. Economics is a difficult science.
 Giminystės ryšiai: aunt Betty, uncle Tom, kai jie žymi vieno iš pašnekovų šeimos narius ar
gimines: Is mother at home?.
 Gatvės, aikštės, ežerai, atskiros salos, kalnai: I live in Laisvės Square.
 Prieš daiktavardžius school, college, university, bed, church, court, hospital, prison, kai šios
vietos lankomos ir naudojamos pagal paskirtį:When does she come back from college?
 Su kalbų pavadinimais: Can you speak Chinese?
 Su prielinksniu by transporto priemonėms: go/come/ travel by car, by taxi, by train, by bus.
 Kai kuriuose pastoviuose posakiuose:
at hand – po ranka; go to bed – eiti miegoti ;
at home/school – namie/ mokykloje; from head to foot – nuo galvos iki kojų;
at work – darbe; on foot– pėsčiomis;
by chance – atsitiktinai; out of doors – lauke, kieme;
by heart – mintinai; step by step – žingsnis po žingsnio;
by mistake – per klaidą; side by side– šalia.
day by day– su kiekviena diena; from morning till night – nuo ryto iki vakaro

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 NOUNS
Daiktavardžiai
Classification of Nouns
Daiktavardžių rūšys
I Common nouns a girl, people, a river, an apple
Bendriniai daiktavardžiai
Proper nouns Smith, Europe, the United States of America
Tikriniai daiktavardžiai
II Countable nouns a book, a toy, a tree
Skaičiuotiniai daiktavardžiai
Uncountable nouns music, water, weather
Neskaičiuotini daiktavardžiai
III Indvidual nouns a game, a tree, a student
Vienetiniai daiktavardžiai
Collective nouns family (šeima), team (komanda), public (publika),
Kuopiniai daiktavardžiai crew (įgula), army (armija), audience (klausytojai),
crowd (minia), police (policija)

N.B. Kuopiniai daiktavardžiai vartojami su daugiskaitos ir vienaskaitos veiksmažodžiu:

e.g. This basketball team is good. This basketball team are wearing blue T-shirts.

Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns

Skaičiuotiniai daiktavardžiai
Skaičiuotiniai daiktavardžiai vartojami su
nežymiuoju artikeliu (a/an), turi
daugiskaitą, derinami su skaitvardžiais ir
įvardžiais:
a boy, many computers, five oranges, some
pictures, few mistakes, a few days.
Neskaičiuotiniai daiktavardžiai
Neskaičiuotiniai daiktavardžiai neturi
daugiskaitos, nevartojami su nežymimuoju
artikeliu (a/an) ir skaitvardžiais. Kiekiui
nurodyti vartojami šie žodžiai bei posakiai:
a cup of (tea), a piece of (cake), a glass of
(water), some butter, a bottle of (wine, Cola),
a bar of (chocolate), a can of (beer).

Possessive Case
Daiktavardžių savybinis linksnis: sudarymas ir tarimas
Dauguma anglų kalbos daiktavardžių linksniais nekaitomi, tik kai kurie jų gali turėti
savybinį linksnį, kuriuo dažniausiai reiškiami nuosavybės santykiai kalbant apie žmones, ir į
lietuvių kalbą verčiamas kilmininku (kieno?). Savybinis linksnis sudaromas prie daiktavardžio
vienaskaitos ir daugiskaitos (jei daugiskaitoje žodis neturi galūnės -s) pridedant ‘s (apostrofą ir
galūnę -s). Jei žodžio daugiskaita turi galūnę –s, pridedame vien tik apostrofą(‘):
e.g. Tom‘s cat (Tomo katė); men‘s job (vyrų darbas); students‘ room (studentų
kambarys).
Savybinio linksnio galūnės tarimo taisyklės panašios į daiktavardžių daugiskaitos galūnės
-s tarimą, tai yra, galūnė su ‘s arba daugiskaitoje s‘ gali būti tariama trejopai: [s], [z], [ɪz],
priklausomai nuo to ar daiktavardžio galūnė tariama skardžiai ar dusliai:
e.g. Pete‘s [pɪ:ts] dog; children‘s [tʃɪldrәnz] toys; George‘s [dʒɔ:dʒɪz] laptop; girls‘
[gә:lz] books.
Priklausymas (nuosavybės prasme) gali būti reiškiamas ir su prielinksniu of. Ši forma
vartojama dažnai, nes reiškia priklausymą ir asmeniui, ir daiktui bei reiškiniui: e.g. the capital of
Lithuania (Lietuvos sostinė), a picture of dad ( tėčio nuotrauka), the color of the tulips (tulpių
spalva),etc.

87
 THE CARDINAL NUMBERS
Kiekiniai skaitvardžiai

0 – zero ['zɪәrәu] 21 – twenty-one ['twentɪ'wʌn]

1 – one [wʌn] 22 – twenty-two ['twentɪˌtu:]
2 – two [tu:] 30 – thirty ['θә:tɪ]
3 – three [θri:] 31 – thirty-one ['θә:tɪwʌn]
4 – four [fɔ:]
5 – five [faɪv] 40 – forty ['fɔ:tɪ]
6 – six [sɪks] 50 – fifty ['fɪftɪ]
7 – seven ['sevn] 60 – sixty ['sɪkstɪ]
8 – eight [eɪt] 70 – seventy ['sevntɪ]
9 – nine [naɪn] 80 – eighty ['eɪtɪ]
10 – ten [ten] 90 – ninety ['naintɪ]
11 – eleven [ɪ'levn] 100 – one hundred ['hʌndrәd]
12 – twelve[twelv] 900 – nine hundred [naɪn'hʌndrәd]
13 – thirteen ['θә:'ti:n] 1000 – one thousand ['θauzәnd]
14 – fourteen ['fɔ:'ti:n] 9000 – nine thousand [naɪn'θauzәnd]
15 – fifteen ['fɪf'ti:n]
16 – sixteen ['sɪk'sti:n]
17 – seventeen ['sevn'ti:n]
18 – eighteen ['eɪ'ti:n]
19 – nineteen ['naɪn'ti:n]
20 – twenty ['twentɪ]

THE ORDINAL NUMBERS

Kelintiniai skaitvardžiai

1st – the first ['fә:st] 21st – the twenty-first ['twentɪ'fә:st]

2nd – the second ['sekәnd] 22nd – the twenty-second ['twentɪ'sekәnd]
3rd – the third [θә:d] 30th – the thirtieth ['θә:tɪɪθ]
4th – the fourth [fɔ:θ] 31st – the thirty-first ['θә:tɪ'fә:st]
5th – the fifth [fɪfθ]
6th – the sixth [sɪksθ] 40th – the fortieth ['fɔ:tɪәθ]
7th – the seventh [sevnθ] 50th – the fiftieth ['fɪftɪɪθ]
8th – the eighth [eɪtθ] 60th – the sixtieth ['sɪkstɪәθ]
9th – the ninth [naɪnθ] 70th – the seventieth ['sevntɪәθ]
10th – the tenth [tenθ] 80th – the eightieth ['eɪtɪɪθ]
11th – the eleventh [ɪ'levnθ] 90th – the ninetieth [naɪntɪɪθ]
12th – the twelfth [twelfθ] 100th – one hundredth ['hʌndrәdθ]
13th – the thirteenth ['θә:'tinθ] 1000th – one thousandth ['θauzәndθ]
14th – the fourteenth ['fɔ:'ti:nθ]
15th – the fifteenth ['fɪf'ti:nθ]
16th – the sixteenth ['sɪks'ti:nθ]
17th – the seventeenth ['sevn'ti:nθ]
18th – the eighteenth ['eɪ'ti:nθ]
19th – the nineteenth ['naɪn'ti:nθ]
20th – the twentieth ['twentɪɪθ]

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 OPPOSITE ADJECTIVES
Priešingos reikšmės būdvardžiai

angry['æŋgrɪ] piktas merry['merɪ] linskmas

bad[bæd] blogas good[gud] geras
brave[breɪv] drąsus shy[ʃaɪ] drovus
cheap[tʃɪ:p] pigus expensive[ɪk'spensɪv] brangus
clean[kli:n] švarus dirty['dә:tɪ] nešvarus
clever ['klevә] protingas stupid ['stju:pɪd] kvailas
dark [da:k] tamsus light[laɪt] šviesus
deep[di:p] gilus shallow['ʃælәu] seklus
diligent['dɪlɪdʒәnt] darbštus lazy['leɪzɪ] tingus
early['ә:lɪ] ankstyvas late [leɪt] vėlus
fast[fa:st] greitas slow[slәu] lėtas
happy['hæpɪ] laimingas sad[sæd] liūdnas
high[haɪ] aukštas, didelis, smarkus low [lәu] žemas, neaukštas, silpnas
hot[hɔt] karštas cold[kәuld] šaltas
long[lɔŋ] ilgas short[ʃɔ:t] trumpas
narrow['nærәu] siauras wide[waɪd] platus
new [nju:] naujas old[әuld] senas
polite [pә'laɪt] mandagus rude[ru:d] grubus, nemandagus
pretty['prɪtɪ] gražus ugly['ʌglɪ] bjaurus
rich[rɪtʃ] turtingas poor[puә] vargšas
simple['sɪmpl] paprastas complicated['kɔmplɪkeɪtɪd] sudėtingas
small[smɔ:l] mažas,smulkus, menkas large[la:dʒ] didelis, stambus, gausus, platus
thick [θɪk] storas thin[θɪn]; skinny plonas, liesas
true[tru:] teisingas false[fɔ:ls] neteisingas
wet[wet] šlapias dry [draɪ] sausas

DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Būdvardžių laipsniavimas

Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

Nelyginamasis laipsnis Aukštesnysis laipsnis Aukščiausiasis laipsnis

I. Vienskiemeniai ir dviskiemeniai būdvardžiai su galūnėmis –y, -er, -ow, -le

 Aukštesnysis laipsnis padaromas pridedant galūnę -er,o aukščiausiasis laipsnis –

pridedant galūnę –est.
clean → clean + er → the clean + est
clever → clever + er → the clever + est
narrow → narrow + er → the narrow + est

 Jeigu būdvardis baigiasi nebyliaja(netariamaja) – e, pridedant laipsnių galūnes ji

išlieka.
wide → wide + r → the wide + st
simple → simple + r → the simple + st

 Jeigu būdvardis baigiasi priebalse, prieš kurią eina trumpa balsė, ta priebalsė
sudvigubėja.
hot → hot + t+ er → the hot + t + est

89
 Jeigu būdvardis baigiasi –y, tai pridedant laipsnių galūnes –y virsta – i.
heavy → heav + i + er → the heav + i +est

N.B. Būdvardžio aukščiausiasis laipsnis vartojamas su žymimuoju artikeliu the.

II.Dviskiemenių, triskiemenių ir ilgesnių būdvardžių laipsniavimas.

 Aukštesnysis laipsnis sudaromas pridedant more/less, aukščiausias laipsnis – pridedant

the most/the least.
more modern the most modern
modern → →
less modern the least modern

more beautiful the most beautiful

beautiful → →
less beautiful the least beautiful

III.Netaisyklingai laipsniuojami būdvardžiai:

good → better → the best

bad → worse → the worst
little → least → the least

further [fә:ðә] → the furthest [fә:ðәst] (nusakant laiką)

far (tolimas) →
farther [f a:ðә] → the farthest [f a:ðәst ] (nusakant atstumą)

near (artimas) → nearer → the nearest (nusakant atstumą); next(apie laiką, eiliškumą)

older (senesnis) → the oldest (seniausias)

old →
elder (vyresnis) → the eldest (vyriausias, lyginant šeimos vaikų amžių)

later (vėlesnis) → the latest (vėliausias)

late →
latter (antrasis iš dviejų, pastarasis) → the last (paskutinis)

The Use of Degrees of Comparison

Lyginamieji posakiai
Positive as + positive + as
not as + positive + as
not so + positive + as
half as + positive + as
twice as + positive + as
Comparative ... –er + than
more ... + than
Superlative the ... – est + of/in ...
the most ... + of/in ...
90
Russell is as tall as his brother.
She is not as tall as her mother.
Caroline is older than her husband.
Charles is more handsome than his father.
The warmer the weather, the better the
holidays.
Mr Taylor is the best dentist of/in our town.
It was the most exciting holidays of/in my
life.
 Order of Adjectives
Būdvardžių eilės tvarka sakinyje
Opinion Size Age Shape Colour Origin Material + Noun
Nuomonė Dydis Amžius Forma Spalva Kilmė Medžiaga + Daiktavardis
Lovely small old round white Chinese porcelain + cup
beautiful big new square brown French wooden + chest

e.g. It is a lovely small old round white Chinese porcelain cup.

It is a beautiful big new square brown French wooden chest.

THE TIME
Apie laiką

This is a clock. There are two hands on the face of the clock. One hand is long and the other hand
is short. The long hand is the minute hand. The short hand is the hour hand. What time is it?

It is three o’clock sharp. It is twenty minutes to

3.00 a.m. three.
2.40 p.m.
It is half past two.
2.30 p.m. It is quarter past eight.
8.15 a.m.

N.B. Paros skirstymas į rytą, dieną, vakarą ir naktį anglų ir lietuvių kalbose skiriasi.
Anglų kalboje para skirstoma į 2 lygias dalis: iki pietų - a.m ir po pietų – p.m.

2 o‘clock a.m. 2 valanda ryto

2 o‘clock p.m. 14 valanda dienos/po pusiaudienio

Nuo 24.00 iki 12.00 vadinama ‘morning‘ (ryto valandos)

Nuo 13.00 iki 17.00 vadinama ‘afternoon‘ (dienos metas)
Nuo 18.00 iki 20.00 vadinama ‘evening‘ (vakaro valandos)
Nuo 21.00 iki 24.00 vadinama ‘night‘ (vėlyvas vakaras)
12.00- noon yra vidurdienis, o 24.00 midnight- vidurnaktis.

Palyginkite laiko prielinksnių naudojimą anglų kalboje:

in 1978 e.g. What is the date today?

in May - It is the eleventh of August/ August 11th.
in summer
on Monday e.g. When is your birthday?
on July 23 - It‘s on July 17th.
at noon
at half past two

Prielinksnis in reiškia platesnį laiko diapozoną, kuris siaurėja per prielinksnį on iki
prielinksnio at.

91
 THE SEASONS AND MONTHS OF THE YEAR
Metų laikai ir mėnesiai

spring[sprɪŋ] pavasaris autumn['ɔ:tәm] ruduo

March[ma:tʃ] kovas September [sep'tembә] rugsėjis
April ['eɪprәl] balandis October [ɔk'tәubә] spalis
May [meɪ] gegužė November [nәu'vembә] lapkritis

summer['sʌmә] vasara winter['wɪntә] žiema

June [dʒu:n] birželis December [dɪ'sembә] gruodis
July [dʒu:'laɪ] liepa January ['dʒænjuәrɪ] sausis
August ['ɔ:gәst] rugpjūtis February ['februәrɪ] vasaris

THE DAYS OF THE WEEK

Savaitės dienos

Sunday ['sʌndɪ] sekmadienis

Monday ['mʌndɪ] pirmadienis
Tuesday ['tju:zdɪ] antradienis
Wednesday ['wenzdɪ] trečiadienis
Thursday ['θә:zdɪ] ketvirtadienis
Friday ['fraɪdɪ] penktadienis
Saturday ['sætәdɪ] šeštadienis

Read the text and translate:

There are seven days in a week. The first day of the week is Sunday. The last day of the
week is Saturday. There are twelve months and three hundred and sixty-five days in a
year.
In Lithuania, March, April and May are the spring months: June, July and August are the
summer months: September, October and November are the autumn months: December,
January and February are the winter months.
Spring, summer, autumn (fall Am.E.) and winter are the four seasons.

Read the texts and guess the seasons.

It is my favourite season. I like watching birds leaving for the South. Colours of the trees
are usually brown, yellow and gold. (It is……………)
I love this season. The days get longer and warmer and nights shorter. The birds come
back home.We usually work and relax in the farmstead. (It is ………………)
It is usually cold at this time of the year. The days are short and dark. Sometimes there is
lots of snow and children love to make snowmen.(It is………………)
People often spend time on the beach.They usually are on holidays there with their
families and friends. It is the warmest time of the year.( It is ……………..)

92
Learn some rhymes.
Išmokite rimuotų eilėraštukų tarimo tobulinimui.

That is that. Why do you cry, Willie,

This is a thick bat. Why do you cry?
That is that, Why,Willie? Why,Willie?
The thick bat is fat. Why, Willie? Why?

Tee-tick-tee, Mr Parker picked a sack of pickled pepper;

Tee-tick-tee, A sack of pickled pepper Mr Parker picked.
Nick can see
Dick and me.

What annoys a noisy oyster?

Any noise annoys an oyster,
But a noisy noise annoys an oyster most.

Let‘s sing a song:

Išmokite dainelę.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean,

My Bonnie lies over the sea,
My bonnie lies over the ocean,
Oh bring back my Bonnie to me!

Chorus:
Bring back, bring back, bring back my Bonnie to me, to me;
Bring back, bring back, oh bring back my Bonnie to me!

Oh blow ye winds over the ocean,

Oh blow ye winds over the sea,
Oh blow ye winds over the ocean,
And bring back my Bonnie to me.

Learn the old beggar‘s rhyme (usually sung by children on Christmas):

Christmas is coming,
The geese are getting fat,
Please put a penny
In the old man‘s hat.
If you haven‘t got a penny,
A ha‘penny [heɪpnɪ] will do;
If you haven‘t got a ha‘penny,
God bless you.
93
 REFERENCES
Literatūros sąrašas

1. Aprijaskytė R. Intensyvus anglų kalbos pagrindinių žinių kartojamasis kursas. –

Kaunas, 1991.
2. English in Development. Work-book 1. – „ALIL“ Vilnius, 1992.
3. Mitchell H. Q. Top grammar. Elementary 2. – MM publications, 2006.ISBN 10 0582-
82501-6
4. Simon le Maistre, Carina Lewis. Language to go. Elementary. – Longman, 2005.ISBN
0582 40396 0
5. Tekorienė D. Anglų kalbos gramatika. – Vilnius, 2000. ISBN5-415-01537-X
6. Tuomaitė Virginija, Žindžiuvienė Ingrida. Anglų kalba visiems.– Kaunas „Šviesa“,
2002, ISBN 5-430-03388-X.
7. Molinsky J. Steven, Bliss Bill, Graham Carolyn. Side by Side. Activity workbook.
Second edition.– Prentice hall regents, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632, 1990,
ISBN 0-13-811696-2.
8. Ṥwierczyṅska, Dobrosᵻawa. Ṥwierczyṅski, Andrzej. Patarlių žodynas. Vilnius, 2000.
ISBN 9986-16-178-9

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