16.Problem 11.

6 page 515 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: X= 2,000mg/L= 2kg/m3
V= 1,640 m3
c= 5 days
Required: QWXW
Solution:
𝑿𝑽
𝜽𝒄 =
𝑿𝒘 𝑸𝒘
2kg
𝑿𝑽 ( 3 )(1,640 𝑚3 )
𝑚
𝑿𝒘 𝑸 𝒘 = = = 𝟔𝟓𝟔𝒌𝒈/𝒅𝒂𝒚
𝜽𝒄 5𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

17.Problem 11.10 page 515 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: V=450mL
Dry weight = 3g MLSS
Required: Sludge volume index (SVI)
Solution:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 450𝑚𝐿
𝑆𝑉𝐼 = = = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒎𝑳/𝒈
𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 3𝑔 𝑀𝐿𝑆𝑆

18.Problem 8.4 page 350 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: Cdischarge= 2mg/L
Criver= 8mg/L
DOsat= 9mg/L
Required: D
Solution:
Qriver= Qdischarge=Q
(𝑄𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 )(𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 )+(𝑄𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 )(𝐶𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 )
𝐷𝑂𝑎𝑐𝑡 =
𝑄𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 +𝑄𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
(𝑄𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 )(8mg/L)+(𝑄𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 )(2mg/L) 10𝑚𝑔/𝐿(𝑄)
𝐷𝑂𝑎𝑐𝑡 = = = 5𝑚𝑔/𝐿
2𝑄 2𝑄
9mg 5𝑚𝑔
𝐷 = 𝐷𝑂𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝐷𝑂𝑎𝑐𝑡 = − = 𝟒𝒎𝒈/𝑳
L 𝐿

19.Problem 8.10 page 350 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: x= 40km
U = 20km/day
L0= 20mg/L
kL= 0.2/day
Required: LT
 Solution:
𝑥 40𝑘𝑚
𝑡= = 20𝑘𝑚 = 2 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑈
𝑑𝑎𝑦
−𝑘 −0.2/day
( 𝐿) ( )
𝐿 𝑇 = 𝐿0 [𝑒 𝑡 ] = 20mg/L [𝑒 2𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 ] = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝒎𝒈/𝑳

20.Problem 8.12 page 350 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: 𝑘𝐿 = 0.05. 𝑑𝑎𝑦
U=20 km/day
BOD=50 mg/L

Required: 5-day carbonaceous BOD

Ultimate carbonaceous remaing 10 km downstream
Solution:
0.05
− ∗5𝑑𝑎𝑦
a. 50 mg/ L *(1 − 𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ) =11mg/L
𝑥 10𝑘𝑚
b. 𝑡 = = = 0.5 days
𝑈 20𝑘𝑚/𝑑𝑎𝑦

0.05
− ∗5𝑑𝑎𝑦
CBOD downstream= 50 mg/L*𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑦 =49 mg/L

21.Problem 2.1 page 49 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given:
Mchlorine= 17 lb
V water= 5 million gallons
R =0.20mg/L
Required:
a. Aqueous Concentration of Chlorine in mg/L
b. Chlorine demand in mg/ L

Solutions:
𝟏𝟕𝒍𝒃/𝒅𝒂𝒚 𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝒈 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒈 𝟏 𝒈𝒂𝒍
a. 𝟔
∗ ∗ ∗ = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏 𝒎𝒈/𝑳
𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍/𝒅𝒂𝒚 𝒍𝒃 𝟏𝒈 𝟑.𝟕𝟖 𝑳

b. 0.41 mg/ L -0.20 mg/L. =0.21 mg/L

22.Problem 2.4 page 49 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given:
Standard requires <1 coliform/ 100 mL
Required:
Is the water safe if it contains 9 coliforms/ L ?
Solutions :
9 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐿
∗ = 𝟎. 𝟗 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒔/𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎𝑳
𝐿 10 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑠 (100 𝑚𝐿)
The water is safe since it is less than the standard.

23.Problem 2.5 page 49 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given :
Conc. of ammonia= 9 mg N/ L
Conc of nitrite= 0.5 mg/L
Required: Convert these concentrations
to mg 𝑁𝐻3 /𝐿 and mg𝑁𝑂2− /L

Solutions:

9 𝑚𝑔𝑁𝐻3 − 𝑁 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑁𝐻3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁 17 𝑔 𝑁𝐻3

∗ ∗ ∗ = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗 𝒎𝒈 𝑵𝑯𝟑 /𝑳
𝐿 1𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁 14 𝑔 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝐻3

0.5 𝑚𝑔𝑁𝑂2 − 𝑁 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑁𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁 46 𝑔 𝑁𝑂2

∗ ∗ ∗ = 𝟏. 𝟔 𝒎𝒈 𝑵𝑶𝟑 /𝑳
𝐿 1𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁 14 𝑔 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑂2

24.Problem 2.6 page 49 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: Nitrate Concentrations
C1=0.01mg NO3-N C2=1.3mg NO3-N C3=20.0mg NO3-N Climit=44. 3mg
NO3-/L
 Required: Do any concentration exceed 44.3 ppm level
Solution:
44.3𝑚𝑔 𝑁𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁 14.0 𝑔 𝑁
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐿 62.0 𝑔 𝑁𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁
= 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝒎𝒈 𝑵𝑶𝟑 − 𝑵 /𝑳
*C3 exceeds the limit

25.Problem 2.27 page 50 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: TS=200ml/L TDS = 30 mg/L FSS = 30
mg/L
Required: a.) total suspended solids concentration
b.) Does this sample have appreciable organic matter?
Solution:
a.) TSS= TS – TDS = 200 - 30 = 170 mg/L
b.) VSS= TSS – FSS = 170 – 30 = 140 mg/L
* Because volatile solids consist primarily of organic matter, it can be
concluded that approximately 70% (140/200) of the solids are organic

26.Problem 4. 1 page 154 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: Q= 4000 m3/day Cin= 25 mg/L V= 20000 m3
k= 0.25/day
Required: Cout
𝑑𝑚
Solution: = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡 ± 𝑚𝑟𝑥𝑛
𝑑𝑡
0 = 𝑄𝐶𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑉𝑘𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑚3 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3
0 = 4000 𝑥25 − 4000 𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 −
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝐿 𝑑𝑎𝑦
1
20000𝑚3 𝑥0.25 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑑𝑎𝑦
Cout = 11 mg/L

27.Problem 4. 10 page 155 (Mihelcic reference book)

Given: 𝑄̇ = 600𝑚3 /𝑑𝑎𝑦 V = 25000 L
Required: aeration time
𝑚3
𝑉 2𝑥 25000𝐿 𝑥 24ℎ
1000𝐿
Solution: = 𝑚3
𝑥 = 𝟐𝒉
𝑄 600 𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑑𝑎𝑦
28. Problem 4. 11 page 155 (Mihelcic reference book)

𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝜃 = 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛; 𝐶𝑖𝑛 = 100 ; 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 1 ; 𝑄 = 1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐿 𝐿

a) 1st order decay in PFR

𝐶𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
𝐶𝑜

1 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛/𝐿
= 𝑒 −𝑘(30 min)
100 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠/𝐿

Solving k;
𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓/𝒎𝒊𝒏

b) Hydraulic residence time equals 30 min

𝑉
𝜃= = 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑄
𝑉
30 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑽 = 𝟑𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍

c) For a CMFR

𝐶𝑖𝑛
𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 =
𝑘𝑉
1+ 𝑄

𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 100 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠/𝐿

1 =
𝐿 0.15/𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑉
1+
1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛

Solving for V;

𝑽 = 𝟔𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍

d) The CMFR should be better handling if your concern is handling

variable loadings.

𝑚𝑔
e) 𝐶ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.20 ; 𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 0.15 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
𝐿
 𝑚𝑔 1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙 3.78 𝐿 𝑔 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 24 ℎ
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 = (0.20 + 0.15) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑥 𝑥
𝐿 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑎𝑙 10 𝑚𝑔 ℎ 𝑑𝑎𝑦

𝒈
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑨𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏. 𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟑
𝒅𝒂𝒚

29. Problem 4. 11 page 155 (Mihelcic reference book)

𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝜃 = 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛; 𝐶𝑖𝑛 = 100 ; 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 1 ; 𝑄 = 1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐿 𝐿

a) 1st order decay in PFR

𝐶𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
𝐶𝑜

1 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛/𝐿
= 𝑒 −𝑘(30 min)
100 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠/𝐿

Solving k;
𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓/𝒎𝒊𝒏

b) Hydraulic residence time equals 30 min

𝑉
𝜃= = 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑄
𝑉
30 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑽 = 𝟑𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍

c) For a CMFR

𝐶𝑖𝑛
𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 =
𝑘𝑉
1+ 𝑄

𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 100 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠/𝐿

1 =
𝐿 0.15/𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑉
1+
1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛

Solving for V;

𝑽 = 𝟔𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍

 d) The CMFR should be better handling if your concern is handling
variable loadings.

𝑚𝑔
e) 𝐶ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.20 𝐿 ; 𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 0.15 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
𝑚𝑔 1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙 3.78 𝐿 𝑔 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 24 ℎ
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 = (0.20 + 0.15) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑥 𝑥
𝐿 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑎𝑙 10 𝑚𝑔 ℎ 𝑑𝑎𝑦

𝒈
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑨𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏. 𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟑
𝒅𝒂𝒚

30. Problem 9.9 page 392 (Mihelcic reference book)

a)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 2,500,000 𝑔𝑝𝑑 (0.8)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 2,000,000 𝑔𝑝𝑑

𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 2,000,000 𝑔𝑝𝑑 − 227,000 𝑔𝑝𝑑

𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 1,773,000 𝑔𝑝𝑑

1,773,000 𝑔𝑝𝑑
𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = = 46 𝑔𝑝𝑐𝑑
38,500 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒

Forecast water use:

𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 46 𝑔𝑝𝑐𝑑 (38,500 + 15,000) = 2,461,000 𝑔𝑝𝑑

𝐼 𝑔𝑝𝑑
= 8500 𝑥 (26.7 + 6.5) = 282,200 𝑔𝑝𝑑
𝐼 𝑚𝑖

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 2,461,000 + 282,200 = 𝟐, 𝟕𝟒𝟑, 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒈𝒑𝒅

b) Yes, the treatment plant should be increased.