კონფერენცია უცხოეთის ქართული მემკვიდრეობა

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri
s a e r T a S o r i s o k o n f e r e n c i a
ucxoeTis qarTuli memkvidreoba
moxsenebaTa Tezisebi
20 - 24 seqtemberi
Tbilisi
2 0 1 1
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro
SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondi
redaqtori
buba kudava
saredaqcio jgufi
liana axobaZe, Tamar oTxmezuri, goCa saiTiZe, mzia surgulaZe,
mixeil qavTaria, nino qavTaria, ariane Wanturia
ISBN 978-9941-9198-0-0
© xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, 2011.
National Centre of Manuscripts
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e
Georgian Heritage Abroad
Abstracts of Papers
september 20 - 24
TBILISI
2 0 1 1
NAtional centre of manuscripts
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF GEORGIA
SHOTA RUSTAVELI NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Editor
Buba Kudava
editorial group
Liana Akhobadze, Arian Chanturia, Mikheil Kavtaria, Nino Kavtaria,
Tamar Otkhmezuri, Gocha Saitidze, Mzia Surguladze
sarCevi
cisana abulaZe
wm. miwis qarTuli samonastro Temis istoriis
osmaluri sabuTebi ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos
biblioTekidan............................................................................................. 17
qeTevan asaTiani
proxore qarTvelis `wmida mowameTa wigni~.................................... 18
habibola azimi
PxelnawerTmcodneobis principebi (iraneli da aRmosavlTis
sxva xalxebis gamocdileba)................................................................... 19
maia baramiZe, meri cincaZe

marginaluri ganmartebebi ioane sinelis `klemaqsis~
petre gelaTeliseul TargmanSi.......................................................... 20
bruno baumgartneri
ramdenime naklebad cnobili arqiteqturuli Zegli
istoriul qarTul provinciebSi – taosa da klarjeTSi......... 22
nana burWulaZe
qarTvelebi sinis mTaze – axali masalebi qarTul-sinuri
xatebis Sesaxeb............................................................................................ 24
gia gelaSvili
ingliseli Jurnalisti henri nevinsoni
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb................................................................................. 26
5
nato gengiuri
giSis eklesia istoriul hereTSi da misi daTariRebis
sakiTxi........................................................................................................... 27
giorgi gociriZe
qarTuli eTnografiuli//eTnologiuri koleqciebi
sankt-peterburgis ganZsacavebSi......................................................... 28
rozeta gujejiani
Tanamedrove eTnokulturuli procesebi qojaelisa da
saqarias mxaris qarTvelTa Soris (TurqeTis respublika)....... 30
rusudan dauSvili
daviT vaCnaZis werilebi.......................................................................... 31
mariam didebuliZe
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kedlis mxatvrobis Zeglebi
tao-klarjeTSi da maTi gadaudebeli konservaciis
aqtualuri sakiTxebi................................................................................ 33
tatiana dudenko
mirgorodis daviT guramiSvilis saxelobis literaturul-
memorialuri muzeumi, rogorc unikaluri movlena ukrainis
kulturul cxovrebaSi............................................................................ 35
eka duRaSvili, qeTevan tatiSvili

RvTismSoblis miZinebis Tema sinuri tradiciis
qarTul xelnawerebSi............................................................................... 37
albert ten kaatu

qarTuli memkvidreoba sazRvargareT –
parizis leqcionari.................................................................................. 38
maria kaligeru
A X saukunis qarTveli gadamweri da amkinZveli sinas mTaze.... 42
maia karanaZe
adreuli qarTuli ydebi gracSi.......................................................... 43
vladimer kekelia, irma xositaSvili

Jer. Geo. 49 xelnaweris minawerebi da xanTubisZe//xanTumisZeTa
sagvareulos moRvaweobis geografiuli areali........................... 44
6
eqvTime koWlamazaSvili
aTonis, klarjeTisa da parxlis mravalTavTa
originaluri homiletikis qronologiisaTvis............................... 46
buba kudava
kavkasiZeebis cixe (axali masala tao-klarjeTis
arqiteqturis, ferwerisa da epigrafikisaTvis)............................ 48
Teo m. van linti

qarTuli kulturuli memkvidreobis uordropiseuli
koleqcia bodles biblioTekaSi (oqsfordi).................................. 51
basili lurie
barsaba ierusalimeli qristesa da eklesiebis Sesaxeb –
misi Janri da liturgikuli arsi........................................................ 51
roin malaymaZe, uCa oqropiriZe

murad kasapis wigni osmaleTSi mcxovreb qarTvelebze............. 53
esma mania
ùcxoobaSi yofna~, rogorc specifikuri diskursi
ucxoeTidan gamogzavnili piradi werilebis magaliTze........... 54
mzia marsagiSvili
ierusalimis jvris monastris ori freskis Sesaxeb
(`petre iberi~ da ìoane lazi~)........................................................... 56
Tamar mesxi
CvenTvis ucnobi qarTuli Zegli saberZneTSi?
(`panaRia tornikiu~).................................................................................. 58
naTia mirotaZe
ucxoeTis mwignobruli kerebi da bibliis qarTuli
Targmani: esTeris wignis qarTuli versiebi................................... 59
Sorena murusiZe
qarTuli politikuri emigraciis monawileoba visbadenisa
da Starnbergis konferenciebSi (1591-1952 ww.).............................. 61
naTia nacvliSvili
„onofre ganSorebulis“ cxovrebis qarTuli versiebi............... 63
7
paata nacvliSvili
aleqsi fanCuliZe – erTaderTi holandieli
1956 wlis olimpiadaze............................................................................ 65
rusudan niSnianiZe
erTi saintereso ucnobi arqivis Taobaze....................................... 67
qeTevan pavliaSvili
istoriuli cnobebi „ivironis“ uZravi qonebis
dabrunebisaTvis brZolaze (XIX s.)..................................................... 69
nugzar papuaSvili
grigol feraZe – solomonis `qebaTa qebis~ mTargmneli
da komentatori.......................................................................................... 71
giorgi JuJunaSvili, guram kutalaZe

saqarTelos farglebs gareT arsebuli siZveleTsacavebis
aRweriloba v. maWaraZis dRiurebSi................................................... 72
maia rafava
grigol oSkeli – tao-klarjeTis literaturuli
skolis moRvawe........................................................................................... 75
gela saiTiZe
ucnobi dokumentebi mixeil TamaraSvilis dekanoz
daviT RambaSiZesa da eqim vaxtang RambaSiZesTan
urTierTobis istoriidan (XIX-XX saukuneebis mijna)................. 76
goCa saiTiZe, iza aRlaZe

germaneli mecnieri da mogzauri gustav rade qalaq
arTvinisa da misi Semogarenis Sesaxeb (1893 w.)............................. 78
aleqsandre saminski
moxatuli xelnawerebi kaliposidan bizantiuri xelovnebis
perspeqtivaSi............................................................................................... 80
nestan sulava
filipe beTlemelis sagaloblis TvalTa da
ferTametyveleba qristianuli ferweris konteqstSi................ 83
levan uruSaZe
qarTuli kulturis dauRalavi popularizatori
(elene wereTeli)........................................................................................ 85
8
stig simeon froiSovi
ioane zosime – X saukunis ganswavluli gadamweri...................... 86
Tamaz futkaraZe
Psisxlis aRebis tradicia da pirovnebis socialuri
statusis transformaciis zogierTi sakiTxi
(borCxisa da murRulis masalebis mixedviT).................................. 87
eTer qavTaraZe
grigol robaqiZis axali saarqivo masalebi.................................... 89
nino qavTaria
vatikanis biblioTekis qarTuli oTxTavis gaformeba
(Vat.Iberico I) da Savi mTis mxatvruli skolis tradiciebi......... 90
merab RaRaniZe
Teofile xucesmonazvniseuli „metafrasis~ Sesavali da
anderZi: teqstebis struqtura da Teologiur-sulieri
Sinaarsi.......................................................................................................... 92
nino yuloSvili
heruli saflavebis qvebi da mravalenovani epitafiebi,
rogorc „politkoreqtuli“ eTnologiis kvlevis wyaro.......... 94
lela SaTiriSvili
cnobebi XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi ruseTidan
siZveleebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb............................................................ 97
maia SaorSaZe
qarTlis mTavarepiskoposisa da mitropolitis, romanoz
erisTavis, Rvawli XVIII saukunis saqarTvelo-ruseTis
diplomatiuri, politikuri da kulturuli
urTierTobebis fonze............................................................................. 98
nana Cikvatia, daviT Sengelia

arsen iyalToelis manganas monasterSi moRvaweobis
Sesaxeb ........................................................................................................ 101
dali CitunaSvili
¡
`gamokrebulni sada Tve swavlani wmidaTa mamaTani~ –
nacnobi da ucnobi avtorebi
(aTonis ivironis monastris #17 xelnaweri)................................ 102
9
naili CelebaZe
eTnografiuli etiudebi qarTul musikalur folklorSi
(Termes (TurqeTi) muhajirTa folkloris mixedviT)............... 103
Tina ceraZe, lela xoferia

axali Rvino Zvel TxierSi, anu axali literaturuli
paradigma tradiciuli Janris wiaRSi (wameba largvisis
arqimandritis pafnotisa).................................................................... 105
ana WeiSvili
safrangeTSi daculi qarTuli arqeologiuri da
eTnografiuli koleqciebi.................................................................. 107
nino WiWinaZe
sinis mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qarTuli ferweruli
xatebis mxatvruli sistemebi.............................................................. 108
dodo WumburiZe
ruseTis agresia saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
1918-1924 wlebSi da Jurnali „mxedari“.......................................... 110
reza xanifuri
kaligrafia da damwerloba xelnawer kulturaSi...................... 111
Tamar xundaZe
mefeTa gamosaxulebani tao-klarjeTis xuroTmoZRvrul
qandakebaSi.................................................................................................. 112
oTar janeliZe
spiridon kedias arqivi – qarTuli emigraciis
sagulisxmo matiane................................................................................. 113
10
Contents
Tsisana Abuladze
Ottoman Documents on the History of the Georgian Monastic
Community in the Holy Land from the Library of the Greek
Patriarchate in Jerusalem.................................................................................... 17
Ketevan Asatiani
Prochorus the Georgian’s “Book of the Holy Saints”...................................... 18
Habibollah Azimi
Principles of Manuscriptology
(The Knowledge of Eastern and Iranian Scholars)........................................... 19
Maia Baramidze, Mary Tsintsadze

From the Black Mountain to Gelati: marginal comments in Petre Gelateli’s
translation of John Climacus of Sinai’s “Ladder to Paradise”......................... 20
Bruno Baumgartner
Some less known architectural monuments in the former Georgian
provinces Tao and Klarjeti.................................................................................. 22
Nana Burchuladze
Georgians on Mountain Sinai. New Materials on Georgian-Sinaiticicons....... 24
Gia Gelashvili
The English Journalist Henry Nevinson about Georgia.................................... 26
Nato Gengiuri
The Gishi Church in Historical Hereti and the Question of Dating it............ 27
Giorgi Gotsiridze
Georgian Ethnographic-Ethnological Collections in the Depositories of
Sankt-Peterburg.................................................................................................... 28
11
Rozeta Gujejiani
Modern Ethnocultural Processes among the Georgians of Kojael and
Sakaria (Republic of Turkey)............................................................................. 30
Russudan Daushvili
David Vachnadze’s Letters.................................................................................. 31
Mariam Didebulidze
Medieval Georgian Wall Paintings in Tao-Klarjeti and Questions of
their urgent conservation..................................................................................... 33
Tatiana Dudenko
The Mirgorod Literary-Memorial Museum of David Guramishvili,
a unique Development in the Cultural Space of Ukraine................................. 35
Eka Dughashvili, Ketevan Tatishvili

The Theme of Dormition of the Virgin Mary in Georgian Manuscripts
of the Sinaitic Tradition...................................................................................... 37
Albert ten Kaatu

Georgian heritage abroad: the case of the Paris Lectionary............................. 38
Maria Kalligerou
A Georgian scribe and bookbinder in 10th century Sinai................................ 42
Maia Karanadze
Early Georgian Bindings at Graz....................................................................... 43
Vladimer Kekelia, Irma Khositashvili

Adscripts to the Jer. Geo 49 MS. and the Georgraphic Area of
the Activity of the Khantubisdze//Khantumisdze House................................... 44
Ekvtime Kochlamazashvili
Towards the Chronology of the Original Homiletics of
the Polycephalons of Mt. Athos, Klarjeti and Parkhali.................................... 46
Buba Kudava
The Fortress of the Kavkasidzes (New Materials on the Architecture,
Painting and Epigraphy of Tao-Klarjeti)............................................................ 48
Theo M. van Lint

The Wardrop Collection of the Georgian Cultural Heritage
in the Bodleian Library at Oxford..................................................................... 51
12
Basil Lourie
Barsabas of Jerusalem, On Christ and the Churches:
Its Genre and Liturgical Contents...................................................................... 51
Roin Malaqmadze, Ucha Okropiridze

Murad Kasapi’s Book on Georgians Living in Turkey..................................... 53
Esma Mania
“Being in Foreign Lands”, a specific Discourse as Exemplified
by the Private Letters sent from Abroad........................................................... 54
Mzia Marsagishvili
About Two Frescos of the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem
(“Peter the Iberian” and “John the Laz”).......................................................... 56
Tamar Meskhi
A Georgian Monument, Unknown to us in Greece (“Panagia Tornikiou”)..... 58
Natia Mirotadze
Foreign Literary Seats and the Georgian Translation of the Bible:
Georgian Versions of the “Book of Esther”...................................................... 59
Shorena Murusidze
The Participation of the Georgian Political Emigration
in the Conferences of Wiesbaden and Stanberg (1951-1952).......................... 61
Natia Natshvlishvili
The Georgian Versions of Euthymius the Athonite’s Translation of
the “Life of Onophrius the Recluse”................................................................. 63
Paata Natsvlishvili
Aleksi Panchulidze – the Only Dutchman at the 1956 Olympic Games........ 65
Rusudan Nishnianidze
Concerning One Interesting Unknown Archive................................................. 67
Ketevan Pavliashvili
Historcal Evidence on the Struggle for the Retrieval of
the Real Estate of “Iviron” (19th c.)................................................................... 69
Nugzar Papuashvili
Grigol Peradze: Translator and Commentator of Solomon’s
the “Song of Songs”........................................................................................... 71
13
Giorgi Zhuzhunashvili, Guram Kutaladze
The Description of the Depositories Outside of Georgia in
V. Macharadze’s Diaries...................................................................................... 72
Maia Rapava
Grigol Oshkeli: Member of the Tao-Klarjeti Literary School.......................... 75
Gela SaitidzE
Unknown Documents in the History of Mikheil Tamarashvili’s
Contacts with Deacon David Ghambashidze and the Physician Vakhtang
Ghambashidze (Turn of the 19th-20th Centuries)................................................ 76
Gocha Saitidze, Iza Aghladze

The German Scholar and Traveller Gustav Radde about
the Town of Artvin and its Environs (1893)..................................................... 78
Aleksandr Saminsky
Illuminated manuscripts from Kalipos in a perspective of Byzantine art....... 80
Nestan Sulava
Symbolic Meaning of Stones and Colors of the Hymn
by Philipe Bethlemeli in the Context of Christian Painting............................. 83
Levan Urushadze
The indefatigable popularizer of the Georgian culture (Elene Tsereteli)......... 85
Stig Simeon Frøyshov

Iovane Zosime: Profile of an Erudite Georgian Scribe of 10th c. Palestine.... 86
Tamaz Putkaradze
Merab Megrelishvili, The Tradition of Blood Feud and come
Questions of the Transformation of a Person’s Social Status
(according to the materials of Borchkha and Murghuli).................................. 87
Eter Kavtaradze
New Archival Material of Grigol Robakidze.................................................... 89
Nino Kavtaria
The Design of the Vatican Library Georgian Four Gospels
(Vat. Iberico I) and the Traditions of the Artistic School
of the Black Mountain........................................................................................ 90
14
Merab Ghaghanidze
The Introduction and Colophon of the “Metaphrasis” of Theophilus
the Priest-Monk: the Structure of the Text and Theological-Spiritual
Content ................................................................................................................ 92
Nino Quloshvili
Heretian Gravestones and Multilingual Epitaphs, as a Source of Research
in “Politically Correct” Ethnology..................................................................... 94
Lela Shatirishvili
Evidence on the Returning of Antiquities from Russia in the 1920s.............. 97
Maia Shaorshadze
The Activity of Romanoz Eristavi, Archbishop and Metropolitan of Kartli,
against the Background of 18th century Georgian-Russian Diplomatic,
Political and Cultural Relations.......................................................................... 98
David Shengelia, Nana Chikvatia

About the Activity of Arsen Iqaltoeli at the Monastery of Mangana............ 101
Dali Chitunashvili
A Collection of the Teachings of the Holy Fathers. Known and
Unknown Authors (17 MSS of the Iviron Monastery on Mt. Athos)........... 102
Naili Chelebadze
“Ethnographic Studies in Georgian Musical Folklore”
(According to the Muhajirs of Terme (Turkey)............................................... 103
Tina Tseradze, Lela Khoperia

New Wine in an Old Wineskin, or a New Literary Paradigm
in the Depth of the Traditional Genre (the Martyrdom of Paphnoti,
the Archimandrite of Largvisi)......................................................................... 105
Ana Cheishvili
The Georgian archaeological and ethnographic collections in France........... 107
Nino Chichinadze
The Artistic Systems of the Georgian Painting Icons of
the Monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai............................................. 108
Dodo Chumburidze
Russian Aggression against Georgia in 1918-1924 and
the Magazine “Mkhedari”..................................................................................110
15
Reza Khanipour
Calligraphy and Script in the Manuscripts.......................................................111
Tamar Khundadze
The Images of Kings in the Architectural Sculpture of Tao-Klarjeti..............112
Otar Janelidze
The Archive of Spiridon Kedia: a Noteworthy Chronicle
of the Georgian Emigration...............................................................................113
16
cisana abulaZe
xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
wm. miwis qarTuli samonastro Temis istoriis

osmaluri sabuTebi ierusalimis berZnuli
sapatriarqos biblioTekidan
1. wm. miwis qarTuli samonastro Temis XVI-XVIII saukuneebis

istoriis 100-ze meti sxvadasxva formularis sabuTi inaxeba
ierusalimis berZnuli marTlmadidebluri sapatriarqos bib
lioTekaSi. maTi umravlesoba XVII saukunisaa.
2. sabuTebi krZalavs jvris monastris meCeTad moxseniebas,
adasturebs qarTvelTagan valis mTlianad gastumrebas; nebas
rTavs, SekeTdes jvris monastrisa da masze damokidebuli wm.
nikolozis, wm. basilis, wm. Teklas, wm. Tevdores da uflis
aRdgomis eklesiis dazianebuli kedlebi; uflebas iZleva,
gaSendes vazi jvris monastris midamoebSi, SeiZinon wm.
nikolozis eklesiis axlos mdebare s¢meonis saxli; àwesrigebs~
davas qaqulis savakufo miwebze, qristianuli Temebis
dapirispirebas qarTvelebTan jvris, golgoTisa da svetis
(amudis) monastrebis gamo. exeba aRdgomis eklesiaSi daculi
nivTebis kuTvnilebaze somxebTan davas.
3. osmalo xelisufalTa gadawyvetilebebis (huqmi, firmani,
hujaTi) v-ze qarTveli ber-monazvnebis xeliT minawerebi, Zi
riTadad, XVI saukunisaa: èse wigni naibisa aris~ (1521), `brZaneba
iovane maxareblis, juaris mamis barnabasgan aRebuli~ (1568),
`xuanTqris brZanebis suraTi juaris monastrisaTuis micemuli~
(1524).
17
4. XVII saukunidan wm. miwaze arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-
monastrebis iuridiuli da ramdenadme realuri mflobelic
berZnuli marTlmadidebluri sapatriarqoa. igia sulTnis
uzenaes karze gagzavnili Txovnisa Tu saCivris avtorica da
pasuxis adresatic.
qeTevan asaTiani
saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
proxore qarTvelis `wmida mowameTa wigni~
didi britaneTis wignsacavebSi daculia qarTul xelnaw-

erTa Zvirfasi koleqciebi. eqsponatebs Soris aris sxvadasxva
tipis uZvelesi xelnawerebi da saarqivo masala, romelTa qron-
ologia moicavs X-XIX saukuneebs.
koleqciebs Soris gamorCeuli adgili uWiravs britaneTis
nacionalur biblioTekaSi dacul bodles wignsacavs. aq sxva
xelnawerTa Soris inaxeba XI saukunis hagiografiuli krebuli,
romelic gadawerilia ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastris
aRmSeneblis proxores mier. igi am uaRresad mniSvnelovani sa-
suliero moRvawis CvenTvis cnobili erTaderTi avtografia. is
gankuTvnili iyo ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastrisaTvis.
nusxaSi Setanili teqstebis nawili gamoqveynebulia, Tumca
mTlianad krebuli jer kidev jerovan Seswavlas moiTxovs. am-
Jamad xelnaweri srulad aris gadawerili. krebulis erTiani
saxiT warmodgenam da misma pirveladma Seswavlam Semdegi
daskvnebis gamotanis saSualeba mogvca:
es aris erTaderTi xelnaweri, romelsac misi gadamweri Tu
Semdgeneli Tavad uwodebs `wmida mowameTa wigns~. rogorc
cnobilia, qarTul sinamdvileSi cnoba amave dasaxelebis xel
naweris Sesaxeb mogvepoveba `SuSanikis wamebaSi~.
samecniero sazogadoebaSi kargad aris cnobili, rom xelnaw-
eri arsebiTad or nawilad iyofa: pirvel nawilSi mxolod mam-
akacTa `wamebebi~ Sedis (ori gamonaklisis garda), xolo meore
18
nawilSi mxolod dedaTa `cxovrebebi~, ufro zustad ki apofTeg-
muri Txrobebia warmodgenili. kvlevam gviCvena, rom Tumca `wame-
bebi~ kalendaruli principiT, TveTa ricxvebis mixedviT aris
dalagebuli da mTeli wlis sakiTxavebs warmoadgens, magram
`cxovrebebis~ nawilSi kalendaruli Tanmimdevroba grZeldeba
da ireva swored iq, sadac apofTegmuri „cxovrebebi~ iwyeba.
sayuradRebo isicaa, rom krebulSi weliwadi ierusalimuri
tradiciis mixedviT martSi, anu xarebis Tves iwyeba da ara qris-
teSobis Tves, rogorc es konstantinopolur saRmrTismsaxuro
praqtikaSi iyo miRebuli. es faqti liturgikuli TvalsazrisiT
gansakuTrebul axsnas moiTxovs, manamde ki sruliad naTelia, rom
saqme gvaqvs uZvelesi periodidan hagiografiaSi kargad cnobil
struqturul modelTan, romelic Sevsebulia rogorc uZvelesi,
ise axali TargmanebiT: krebuli Seicavs rogorc winareaTonur,
ise aTonelTa mier im droisaTvis axladnaTargmn teqstebs. am
ukanaskneli faqtiT ki, xelnawerSi TvalnaTliv isaxeba aTonisa
da ierusalimis qarTvelTa monastrebis cxoveli urTierToba.
amgvarad, `wmida mowameTa wignis~ saxiT saqme unda gvqondes
ramdenime gansxvavebuli tradiciis matarebel qarTul xelnaw-
erTan.
Habibollah Azimi
National Library of Iran. Tehran
Principles of Manuscriptology
(The Knowledge of Eastern and Iranian Scholars)
Manuscripts are known as materials for research used to study the history of
civilization, science, art and industry among nations. The production of books in
the form of manuscripts written by scientists of each country and the thematic
content of handwritten books, imply both the scientific-cultural background of
countries and the history of different sciences among each ethnicity and nation.
With respect to the appearance and development of handmade papers which were
produced in workshops and also making wooden, paper and leather bindings by
19
manuscript producers, the history of these industries and arts among owners of
industry and profession, can be evaluated through manuscripts.
Furthermore, with the emergence of calligraphy, ornamentation, decoration
and using these arts in manuscripts, precious art books have been produced and
studying each of them can prepare the ground for research in the history of art and
its position in the civilization of nations. Now, regarding the role of Iranians and
other Muslims and Eastern peoples in producing and developing science from the
second century of Hijra (8th century AD) with the production of paper in Samarqa-
nd and Bukhara and its spread in other lands and regarding the emergence of great
scientists in Eastern countries and writing numerous scientific works in Persian and
Arabic especially from the fourth century on and concerning the appearance of cal-
ligraphy and creation of special decorations and ornamentations for the Holy Quran
and Diwans of great poets and religious books among Iranians and Eastern from
the fifth century on, it can be said that Iranians have had a special position among
eastern in the production and illumination of manuscripts.
There are a large number of Persian manuscripts in the Indian Subcontinent,
Pakistan, Central Asia and Turkey, again, most of which haven’t been catalogued
due to the lack of manuscript cataloguers. This also stresses the significance of
educating manuscript experts and composing required resources.
The present research aims at identifying important and necessary topics re-
lated to Eastern manuscripts including codicology and Bibliography especial codi-
cology issues.
maia baramiZe, meri cincaZe

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis universiteti. saqarTvelo
marginaluri ganmartebebi ioane sinelis

`klemaqsis~ petre gelaTeliseul TargmanSi
marginaluri ganmartebebi – xelnaweris arSiebze moTavse

buli mcire zomis eqspoziciuri xasiaTis SeniSvnebi – qarTul
elinofilur mTargmnelobiT tradiciaSi sistemis saxiT iCens
Tavs da pirvelad ucxoeTis samonastro keraSi, Sav mTaze,
efrem mciris Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerebSi dasturdeba.
20
ganmartebebis arSiebze darTvis meTodi SedarebiT gvian
del ma elinofilurma skolam, gelaTurma mTargmnelobiTma
tradiciamac imemkvidra. ioane sinelis `klemaqsis“ – `samoTxis
kibis“ (Scala paradisi) petre gelaTeliseuli Targmani, romelic
elinofiluri mTargmenlobiTi meTodiT aris Sesrulebuli, ux-
vad Seicavs marginalur ganmartebebs, romlebic, umeteswilad,
leqsikologiuri xasiaTisaa.
Tavis mxriv, leqsikologiuri SeniSvnebi sxvadasxva saxisaa.
• axsnilia berZnulidan transliteraciiT gadmotanili, Zve
li qarTuli mwerlobis adrindel ZeglebSi iSviaTad xmarebu-
li, leqsikuri erTeulebi: anavsia¡, delto¡, diadima¡, endalma,
erani, zmilaki, karkino, kolluro¡, palmosi, politi, soro...
• ganmartebulia berZnulidan momdinare, SedarebiT nakle
bad cnobili kalkuri kompozitebi: zedmiwevna – Wiri, queS
daweseba – morCileba, wuenTmoqmedi – mzarauli...
• axsnilia gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT, mxatvruli datvirTviT
xmarebuli sityvebi: ganmgzavreba – sikudili, ukana¡skneli –
sikudilisa Jami, mteri – sxeuli, ZaRli – eSmaki, maswavleli
– s¢nidisi...
• warmodgenilia berZnuli polisemiuri sityvis is mniS-
vneloba, romelic am sityvas mocemul konteqstSi aqvs: ganxil-
va – ganzraxva, mdgomoba – wesi, STamavleneli – momagonebeli...
• dakonkretebulia nacvalsaxelebsa da zedsarTavebSi na-
gulisxmebi mniSvnelobebi: erTi saTnoeba – simdable, didi me-
saidumloe – pavle, winaukmo – urCi (morCilis sapirispiro)...
• leqsikuri erTeulebi axsnilia sinonimuri mniSvnelobis
sityvebiT: gamoTxoa¡, gamoTxoveba – jmna¡, ganaTleba – swavla,
mecnier qmna; damZimeba – Sewuxeba, Txova – vedreba...
leqsikologiuri SeniSvnebis garda, petre gelaTelTan das-
turdeba aseve frazaTa Sinaarsobrivi ganmartebebic. mTargm-
neli zog SemTxvevaSi komentars urTavs ioane sinelis ama Tu
im azrsa Tu Segonebas.
marginaluri SeniSvnebiT ìswave Suenieri~, `Seiswave~, `Se
iswave yoveli adgili~ mTargmneli mkiTxvelTa yuradRebas
amaxvilebs Txzulebis mxatvrul Tu azrobrivad gansakuTre-
bulad mniSvnelovan pasaJebze.
21
bunebrivia, aseTi – leqsikologiuri da Sinaarsobriv-azro-
brivi komentarebiT petre gelaTeli qarTvel mkiTxvels uad-
vilebda berZnuli Txzulebis zusti, TiTqmis sityva–sityviTi
Targmanis gagebas, misi sxvadasxva pasaJis, leqsikuri sinonime-
bisa Tu gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT xmarebul sityvaTa gaazre-
bas. amasTan erTad, icavda Savi mTa – gelaTis saRvTismetyvelo
– mwignobruli skolebis mTargmnelobiT tradicias – zustad
gadmoeRo saTargmni teqsti.
Bruno Baumgartner
Institut für Byzanzforschung University of Vienna.
Vienna, Austria
Some less known architectural monuments in the

former Georgian provinces Tao and Klarjeti
The exploration of the medieval Georgian provinces Tao and Klarjeti was
dominated by their difficult position in the region between Turkey and Russia.
My own researches in Tao-Klarjeti began with a journey to Eastern Anatolia
in 1982, and since this time I travelled five times into this region to localize nearly
all places described at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century by
Georgian and Russian scholars.
My following presentation doesn’t want to show you the well-known monu-
ments of Tao-Klarjeti. I want to show how many Georgian monuments outside of
the territory of modern Georgia still exist.
I. The valley of the Tortum River (Georgian Tortomis Cqali)
Here are situated some less known interesting churches and fortresses:
Soxtoroti (now Doruklu): Takaišvili saw here in 1917 a simple single-naved
church used as a mosque. In 1990 I could find some poor remains of the northern
wall: But only the rubble and mortar core between the exterior and interior shell of
the wall was visible.
22
Not far away lies the village Ekeki, (Vişneli), where till the early 60s a re-
markable cruciform domed church from the end of the 10th cent. still existed. This
church is now totally vanished.
Dikkale: The most interesting fortress in the valley of the Tortum River is the
so-called Dikkale (“steep fortress” in Turkish). Sargisian called it Encouza-Berd, a
name obviously connected with the nearby village Üngüzek, now Dikyar.
Isi: The small village Isi, (Altincanak), reveals the ruins of a remarkable
Trikonchos-Church, which in 1986 was used as a magazine for hay. – In 1988 the
church was abandoned.
Tortumkale: The mighty fortress of Tortum is situated on a rocky elevation at
a left affluent of the Tortum River.
II. The valley of the Çoruh River
In the valley of the Çoruh River we can find an extraordinary concentration of
five medieval fortresses. Therefore I suggest that here has been the frontier between
the Armeno-Byzantine and the Georgian regions.
The three fortresses Nihah, Oşnak and Kaskin near the river must have been in
the hands of the Armenians and the Byzantines, because east of them the fortress
Peterek, (Çevreli) - the Georgian name perhaps was Irisiscixe – obviously shows
the appearance of a Georgian fortress, This suggestion is supported by the fact that
only in short distance to the east we can find typical monuments of Georgian art as
Otxta Eklesia and Parxali.
Ersis: Temur Xucišvili on his Archaeological Map of Tao-Klarjeti called this
fortress Kačeti, but gave no source for this name. I think that Ersis, the former name
of the village Kiliçkaya, was also the name of our fortress, which undoubtedly
must has been the centre of the gawar Arseacpor (“Valley of Arsis”), the Georgian
Asispori, of the early medieval Armenian province of Tayk.
III. The region of the Oltu River
Köroğlu Kalesi: A small fortification situated on the rocky outcrop of a hill
in the middle of a forest. Perhaps only a watch-tower at the road from Oltu to the
Çoruh River
Anzavi: Above the village Anzavi (Kayaalti) I saw the ruins of a fortress and
a single-naved church.
Kineposi: Below the village Kineposi, (Elmadüzü) are situated the remains of
four churches already described by Takaišvili in1907 and Thierry in recent times.
It undoubtedly was an old Georgian monastery.
23
Alabalik: In the neighbourhood of the village Alabalik a few kilometres out-
side of the valley of the Oltu River I discovered in 1986 the ruins of an unknown
monastery.
Taoskari: In the valley of a right affluent of the Oltu River (Çalagutsuyu) is
situated the important church of Taoskari.
Vačedzori: The monastery of Vačedzori is one of the least investigated archi-
tectural monuments of Tao-Klarjeti. We need here many further researches, and it
would be necessary to liberate the main church from the surrounding trees and all
annex-buildings.
nana burWulaZe
saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
qarTvelebi sinis mTaze – axali masalebi

qarTul-sinuri xatebis Sesaxeb
ucxoeTis qarTuli memkvidreobis kvali sinis mTis wm.

Eekaterines monasterSi gansakuTrebulad mkafiod Cans. weri-
lobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT, sinaze qarTvelebs VI-VII saukunee-
bidan moukidebiaT fexi; Tumca, savaraudoa, rom qarTveli mom-
locvelebi gacilebiT adrec stumrobdnen uflis gamocxadebis
am wminda miwas.
sinis mTaze qarTvelTa aqtiuri moRvaweobis utyuar sabuTs
warmoadgens, pirvel yovlisa, wm. ekaterines monastris wign-
sacavSi daculi asobiT qarTuli xelnaweri, romlebic, karga
xania, cnobilia da am monastrisa da, saerTod, sinaze qarT-
velTa mosagreobis Sesaxeb mdidar cnobebs Seicavs.
sinis qarTuli memkvidreobis Taobaze msjelobisas, xel-
nawerebTan erTad, angariSgasawevia is xatebic, romlebic inaxeba
(an inaxeboda) wm. ekaterines monastris saganZurSi da romlebic,
pirdapiri Tu iribi mtkicebulebiT, qarTveli ber-monazvnebis
mier iyo Seqmnili. maT Sorisaa XI-XII saukuneebSi ioane To£abis
mier naxati berZnul-qarTulwarwerebiani uZvelesi saweliwdo
24
oTxkaredi, uZvelesi “dRe gankiTxvis” xati da xati, romelze-
dac uflis vnebisa da saswaulebis ciklebi da RvTismSoblis
xuTi saswaulmoqmedi saxea warmodgenili (maT Sesaxeb weren g.
Dda m. sotiriuebi, k. vaicmani, n. SevCenko, z. sxirtlaZe, n. WiWin-
aZe, o. etingofi, m. Llidova da sxv.). sinur-qarTul xatebs Sorisaa
agreTve XII saukunis kankelis arqitravi (epistilioni) aTormeti
dResaswaulis scenebiT, romelic berZnul-bizantiuri xatweris
Sedevradaa miCneuli (g. Dda m. sotiriuebi, k. vaicmani, n. SevCenko
da sxv.) da romelzedac ukanasknel xanebSi qarTveli mxatvris av-
tografi aRmoCnda (n. burWulaZe). amasTan, XIX saukuneSi, p. uspen-
skisa da a. muraviovis mier sinidan ruseTSi Catanil (aw daRupul)
XI-XII saukuneebis siwmindeebs Sorisac iyo qarTulwarwerebiani
ramdenime karedi xati, romelTa nawilebi dResac wm. ekaterines
monasterSi inaxeba da cnobilia, rogorc berZnul-bizantiuri
ferweris nimuSebi. qarTuli warwerebi aqvs XIV saukunis `vedre-
bian~ mravalkaredsac, romelzedac saqarTvelos eklesiis wmin-
danebi mravlad gamousaxavT.
am xatebis gverdiT sinur koleqciaSi aris iseTebic, rom-
lebsac mxolod berZnuli warwerebi aqvT, magram mxatvrul-
ikonografiuli niSnebiT uaxloesi paralelebi eZebneba XI-XIII
saukuneebis qarTuli monumenturi da miniatiuruli mxatvro-
bis ZeglebSi (atenis sionisa da gelaTis taZris moxatuloba-
ni, gelaTisa da jruWis II oTxTavebi, grigol RvTismetyvelis
homiliebis krebuli da sxv.). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom isini aseve
kargad èwerebian~ Tanadroul konstantinopolur da sakuTriv
sinur xatweris nimuSTa wreSic.
aRniSnuli masala, saistorio wyaroebis monacemebTan er-
Tad, safuZvels gvaZlevs, ganvacxadoT, rom XI-XIII saukuneebSi
sinaze arsebobda qarTvelTa samxatvro saxelosno (am sityvis
pirobiTi mniSvnelobiT), romlis sakmaod mravalricxovani mxa
tvruli produqcia erT-erTi saukeTeso nawilia sinuri da,
saerTod, bizantiuri xatebis saganZurisa da romelic Semoq-
medebiT urTierTobaSi iyo wamyvan samxatvro centrebTan ro-
gorc konstantinopolSi, aseve saqarTveloSi.
is, rom es asea, mtkicdeba zemo svaneTSi bolo xans gamov-
lenili xatebis erTi jgufiT. Aam jgufSi Semavali Zeglebi –
25
teqnikur-teqnologiuri, ikonografiuli da stiluri Tvalsaz-
risiT identuria sinis mTis ucnobilesi Sedevrebis. Ees faqti ki
gansakuTrebulad TvalsaCinos xdis saqarTvelo-sinas Soris ka-
vSirs da gviCvenebs qarTvelebis didad angariSgasawev wvlils
rogorc sinis wminda mTis, ise bizantiis sasuliero-samxatvro
kulturis qmnis procesSi.
gia gelaSvili
ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
ingliseli Jurnalisti henri nevinsoni

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
1. nevinsoni (1856-1941 ww.) cnobili ingliseli Jurnalisti

da mwerali oqsfordis kolejisa da universitetis damTavrebis
Semdeg gadavida londonSi. kiTxulobda leqciebs istoriaSi.
1897 wels nevinsoni `deili qroniklis~ TanamSromelia. ro-
gorc Jurnalistma, saxeli gaiTqva reportaJebiT burebis omis
Sesaxeb. 1905-06 wlebSi msaxurobda ruseTSi, 1907-1908 wlebSi
indoeTSi `manCester gardianis~ korespondentad. man dawera
30-ze meti wigni da mravali statia. misi statiebi – `kavkasiis
tvirTi~ da `ruseTi da saqarTvelo~ – moviZieT q. oqsfordSi,
bodles biblioTekis uordropTa koleqciis fondebSi.
2. nevinsoni saqarTveloSi pirvelad Camovida 1906 wels.
varlam CerqeziSvilma igi gaacno ilia WavWavaZes da sxva qar-
Tvel moRvaweebs; moatara kaxeTi da alixanov-avarskis mier
aoxrebuli guria. ruseTSi dawyebulma revoluciam 1905 wels
gaamZafra ganapira mxareTa brZola socialuri da erovnuli
TavisuflebisTvis. revoluciasTan brZolis gaZlierebis miz-
niT, daiwyo damsjeli eqspediciebis TareSi. gansakuTrebiT ga-
manadgurebeli iyo am razmebis veluri moqmedeba guriaSi. rac
naxa da moismina nevinsonma gadarCenili mosaxleebisgan – rusu-
li xelisuflebis mier Cadenili danaSaulebani – piruTvnelad
26
aRwera vrcel statiaSi `kavkasiis tvirTi~. nevinsoni daaskvnis:
`mTeli arsi iyo patara daucvel provinciaze SurisZieba, ro-
melmac gabeda uareyo rusuli despoturi sistema..~ nevinsoni
kargad gaecno saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis
programas uSualod zogierTi moTavisgan. nevinsoni saocari
simpaTiiT ganewyo qarTvelebisadmi da am mogzaurobis Semdeg
gaxda kidec saqarTvelosa da qarTvelobis megobari.
3. meore statia – `ruseTi da saqarTvelo~ (1923 w.) – exeba
im gausaZlis mdgomareobas, rac bolSevikuri reJimis damyare-
bas mohyva saqarTveloSi: qarTuli konstituciisa da demokra-
tiuli Tavisuflebebis gauqmeba, Cekas terori da a. S.
nato gengiuri
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrias da kinos saxelmwifo
universiteti. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
giSis eklesia istoriul hereTSi da misi daTariRe-

bis sakiTxi
istoriul hereTSi, dRes ki azerbaijanis sazRvrebSi moqceul

teritoriaze mdebare giSis eklesia sakmaod kargadaa Semonaxuli.
is kupelhales tipis nagebobaa da dResac gumbaTianad dgas.
Zeglis Sesaxeb informacia ramdenime gamocemaSi gvxvdeba, magram
misi safuZvliani gamokvleva dRemde ar Catarebula. eklesia
mravalmxriv sainteresoa. cnobilia, rom giSis saepiskoposo
kaTedra ukve VI saukuneSi arsebobda. Semdgom X-XII saukuneebs
Soris periodSi kaTedra sxvagan, q. nuxaSi, gadaitanes, Tumca
saepiskoposos Zveli saxeli SerCa. dRes SemorCenili giSis
patara eklesia sakaTedro taZars ar unda warmoadgendes.
arqiteqturul-mxatvruli Taviseburebebi miuTiTebs, rom is
arc VI saukunisa unda iyos, safiqrebelia, rom mogviano periodSi
aris aSenebuli. magram kerZod ra periodSi, am sakiTxis dadgenaa
Cveni naSromisa da moxsenebis Tema.
27
g. CubinaSvilma Zegli XI saukuniT daaTariRa, magram mTeli
rigi Taviseburebebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq saqme ufro gviani
periodis nagebobasTan unda gvqondes. eklesiis stilisturi
analizis, paraleluri masalis moxmobis da sxva monacemis
safuZvelze, gamovTqvamT mosazrebas, rom eklesiis mSeneblobis
TariRi XV-XVI saukuneebSi unda veZioT.
giorgi gociriZe
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.
saqarTvelo
qarTuli eTnografiuli//eTnologiuri koleqciebi

sankt-peterburgis ganZsacavebSi
qarTuli xalxuri kulturisa da erovnuli memkvidreobis

kvlevisa da warmoCenisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs sazRvar-
gareT, ucxoeTis qveynebSi gabneuli eTnografiuli koleqciebis
gamovlinebasa da mis samecniero mimoqcevaSi Semotanas. es exeba
rogorc materialuri, ise aramaterialuri – sulieri – kul-
turis amsaxvel saganZurs (xelnawerebs, musikalur sakravebs,
simboloebs, sabrZolo iaraRsa da aRWurvilobas, samosels,
sameurneo iaraRs, gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis nimuSebs da sxv.),
romelTa sruli aRwera, sistemaSi moyvana, kodificireba da
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa fasdaudebeli mamuliSviluri
saqmea.
im ucxoeTis samecniero-kulturul centrebs Soris, sadac
aseTi saxis qarTuli koleqciebia daculi, sankt-peterburgis
ganZsacavebia: e. w. „kunstkamera“ da „sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa
eTnografiuli muzeumi.“ saganZuris didi nawili saqarTvelodan
sxvadasxva dros (ZiriTadad, XVIII-XIX saukuneebSi) iqna gatanili,
rogorc kerZo pirTa `Semowirulobis~, aseve „nadavlis~ gziT
mopovebuli. erTaderTi oficialuri dokumenti (wigni), romel-
Sic mocemulia aRniSnuli koleqciis nusxa, 1981 wels gamoce-
muli katalogi-saZiebeli „Народы кавказа~, romelic Sedgenilia
28
sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa muzeumis imdroindeli TanamSrom-
lebis mier (e. studeneckaia, l. vinogradovi, n. soboleva, e.
torCinskaia, a. natansoni. redaqtori s. aviJanskaia). koleqciis
mopovebaSi uSualo monawileoba miuRiaT „leningradis skolis“
iseT aRiarebul mecnier-mkvlevrebs, rogorebic iyvnen e. Selin-
gi, v. gardanovi, b. kuftini, b. mileri da sxvebi. rac Seexeba
„kunstkameras“ (anu mikluxo maklais saxelobis eTnografiul
muzeums), aq kavkasiuri da maT Soris qarTuli masalebi iuri
da sofio marebis koleqciebSia Sesuli.
1988-1989 wlebSi akad. giorgi Citaias iniciativiTa da
xelSewyobiT, saSualeba momeca, gavcnobodi orive muzeum-
Si mowyobil eqspoziciebs. kavkasiis xalxTa eTnografiuli
koleqciebi ufro masStaburad sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa muze-
umSi, sam did darbazSi iyo warmodgenili (Crdilokavkasiuri,
daRestnuri, amierkavkasiuri). dasaxelebuli katalogic am
saqmis mixedviTaa Sedgenili. amdenad, es nusxa mniSvnelovani
wyaroa rogorc sakuTriv qarTvelologiuri, ise zogadkavka-
siologiuri kvlevisaTvis.
rogorc eqspoziciis vizualurma daTvalierebam, aseve
katalogis Sinaarsis gacnobam damarwmuna, rom koleqciebis
garkveuli nawili arasworad iqna ganmartebuli da pasporti-
zebuli. daSvebulia garkveuli uzustobebi, kerZod, eTnikuri
kuTvnilebis sakiTxebSi (mag., eqspoziciaSi qarTul samosels
miwerili hqonda „Cerqezulis“ saxeli), Secdomebi SeiniSneba
katalogSic. maSin maspinZelTa mxridan iTqva, rom es xarvezebi
Semdgom eqspoziciebSi gaswordeboda, magram gavida 25 welze
meti da, ramdenadac vici, araferi Secvlila, qarTvel mecni-
erTagan ki es problema sagangebod aravis ukvlevia.
mimaCnia, rom dRes, XXI saukunis dasawyisSi, sayovelTao
globalizaciisa da vesternizaciis fonze, sazRvargareT dacu-
li unikaluri eTnologiuri memkvidreobis mimarT mecnieruli
da saxelmwifoebrivi interesi gansakuTrebiT unda gaZlierdes,
unda dadgindes am koleqciebis bedi, metadre, Tu im faqtor-
sac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg
CvenTvis ucnobi darCa dasaxelebuli muzeumis statusi, misi
Tanamedrove mdgomareoba. amocanis gadawyveta ki saxelmwifoe-
brivi zrunvis sagnad unda iqces.
29
rozeta gujejiani
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis
qarTuli universiteti. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
Tanamedrove eTnokulturuli procesebi qojaelisa

da saqarias mxaris qarTvelTa Soris (TurqeTis
respublika)
warmodgenili iqneba TurqeTis respublikaSi 2010-2011

wlebSi Sekrebili eTnografiuli masalis analizi. eTnografiu-
li eqspediciebi Sedga centralur TurqeTSi da Seswavlil iqna
e. w. muhajirobis Sedegad marmarilos zRvis regionSi Casaxle-
bul qarTvelTa STamomavlebis eTnografiuli yofa (qojaelis
regioni, saqarias regioni).
naSromSi saubari iqneba ar mxolod qarTul sasoflo dasax-
lebebze, aramed am mxareebis qalaqur qarTul kulturazedac,
vinaidan eTnikur qarTvelTa dasaxlebebi arsebobs am re-
gionebis mTavar qalaqebSic (adabazari, hendeki, aqiazi, izmiTi,
guljekSi da sxv.).
eTnologiuri kvelevis Sedegad gamovlenil iqna tradi-
ciuli qarTuli yofisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mravali magali-
Ti (tradiciuli qarTuli dasaxlebis tipi, sacxovrebeli da
sameurneo nagebobebi, saojaxo da sameurneo inventari, kultu-
rul-sameurneo tipi, socialuri da sulieri yofis zogierTi
elementi, kvebiTi sistema da sxv.).
naSromSi yuradReba maxvildeba mimdinare eTnokulturul
procesebze – TvalsaCinoa TurqeTis qarTvelTa nawilis mzaoba
qarTuli identobisa da kulturis SenarCunebisaTvis. vlindeba
eTnikur fesvebTan dabrunebisa da kulturuli urTierTobeb-
is gaRrmavebis tendenciebi. amgvari procesebi gansakuTrebiT
SeiniSneba qalaqebSi Tavmoyril eTnikur qarTvelTa Soris.
am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia qojaelis mxaris qarTvelTa iniciativa
qarTuli enis kursebis gaxsnis Taobaze. qalaq izmiTSi adgilo-
briv qarTvelTa TxovniT, qalaqis municipalitetma daafinansa
qarTuli enis Semswavleli kursebi, sadac dedaenas euflebian
30
sxvadasxva asakisa da socialuri mdgomareobis qarTvelebi.
amJamad yalibdeba `qarTuli kulturis saxlebi~ da saTvisto-
mo. mimdinareobs am qalaqSi adre arsebuli qarTuli xalxuri
cekvis ansamblis aRdgenis procesi. qarTuli enisa da qarTu-
li identobis sakiTxebs mieZRvna 2011 wels qalaq adafazarSi
samecniero konferencia `deda ena~. konferencias organizeba
adgilobrivma moRvaweebma gauwies da momxseneblebic TurqeTis
qarTvelebi iyvenen.
Tanamedrove eTnokulturul procesebze dakvirveba kv-
lavac grZeldeba da igegmeba kompleqsuri eTnografiuli eqs-
pediciebi.
am etapze gamovlenili kvlevis Sedegebi moxsenebaSi war-
modgenili iqneba foto da videomasaliTac.
rusudan dauSvili
saqarTvelo
daviT vaCnaZis werilebi
1. Tsu-s qarTuli emigraciis muzeumis fondebSi daculia

cnobili samxedro, politikuri da sazogado moRvawis, emi-
grant daviT (daTa) vaCnaZis (1884-1967), ori werili.
2. daviT vaCnaZe daibada 1884 wels. 1902 wels daamTavra
Tbilisis kadetTa korpusi, Semdeg – peterburgis samxedro
saswavlebeli. 1907 wels samxedro samsaxuridan gadadga da
sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi aqtiurad Caeba. 1912 wels revaz
gabaSvilTan erTad daaarsa erovnuli mimarTulebis Jurnali
`klde~. monawileobda pirvel msoflio omSi. 1914 wels JenevaSi
petre surgulaZis mier daarsebul `saqarTvelos damoukide-
blobis komitetis~ wevrs, giorgi maCabels, exmareboda german-
uli wyalqveSa navebis eqspediciebiT saqarTveloSi iaraRisa da
fulis SemotanaSi. 1917 wels gaxda saqarTvelos erovnul-de-
31
mokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli, misi centraluri
komitetis wevri. didi Rvawli dasdo saqarTvelos eklesiis av-
tokefaliis aRdgenas.
3. 1917 wlis noemberSi daviT vaCnaZe `qarTuli erovnuli
sabWos~, 1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri gaxda. aqtiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos jaris or-
ganizaciaSi. 1918 wlis ivnisSi saqarTvelos mTavrobam daniSna
`germaniis saimperatoro samxedro-diplomatiur misiasTan~
saqarTvelos respublikis rwmunebulad. noemberSi xelmZRvan-
elobda germaniis misiis saqarTvelodan uvneblad gayvanas.
4. 1919 wels daviT vaCnaZe monawileobda somxeTTan omSi
polkovnikis CiniT. 1921 wlis TebervalSi wiTeli armiis Tav-
dasxmis dros 400 moxalisisagan Seadgina razmi. okupaciis
Semdeg samSobloSi darCa da okupantTa winaaRmdeg brZola
ganagrZo. exmareboda qaquca ColoyaSvils partizanuli omis
organizebaSi, samxedro centrs – svaneTisa da xevsureTis aja-
nyebebis momzadebaSi. 1922 wels, sxva qarTvel politikur moR-
vaweebTan erTad, daapatimres da metexis cixeSi Casves. mZime
avadmyofobam gadaarCina sazRvargareT iZulebiT gasaxlebas.
5. 1923 wels `damkomis~ samxedro centris daxvretis Sem-
deg daviT vaCnaZe iatakqveSeTSi gadavida. 1924 wlis Teber-
valSi, erovnul-demokratiuli partiis davalebiT, osmaleTSi
saidumlod gadavida. stambolSi Caeba saidumlo organizacia
`damkomisa~ da 1924-1926 wlebSi moqmedi `kavkasiis ganmaTavi-
suflebeli komitetis~ saqmianobaSi.
6. 1927 wels daviT vaCnaZe safrangeTSi gaemgzavra. cxov-
robda italiasa da germaniaSi. iyo erovnul-demokratiuli
partiis sazRvargareTuli biuros wevri. eweoda antikomunis-
tur politikur da publicistur saqmianobas. aris 4 wignisa
da 30-mde statiis, agreTve mogonebebis avtori. monawileobda
parizis saTvistomos saqmianobaSi. didi roli Seasrula `somex-
qarTvelTa kavSiris~ (uniinis) SeqmnaSi.
7. meore msoflio omis dros daviT vaCnaZe monawileobda
berlinSi germaniis sagareo saqmeTa saministros aRmosavleTis
saqmeebis komisris, graf Sulenburgis, iniciativiT `qarTuli
politikuri komitetis~ dasaarseblad gamarTul SekrebaSi
32
(àdloniada~). germaniis kapitulaciis Semdeg gadavida miunx-
enSi, amerikul zonaSi. germaniis gayofis Semdeg federaciul
respublikaSi dasaxlda. gardaicvala 1967 wels, dakrZalulia
germaniaSi, esenSi.
8. daviT vaCnaZis cxovreba da is organizaciebi, romelTa
saqmianobaSic is monawileobda, Seswavlili araa. Cven mier
moZiebuli werilebi parizSi stambolidanaa gagzavnili. pirve-
li werilis (1924 wlis 22 aprili) adresatia saqarTvelos de-
mokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania,
meore werilisa (1924 wlis 10 agvisto) – safrangeTSi yofili
elCi da okupaciis Semdeg sruluflebiani ministri akaki Cxen-
keli. orive werili agvistos ajanyebamdea gagzavnili. werilebi
pirvelad Semodis samecniero brunvaSi. maT didi mniSvneloba
aqvT d. vaCnaZis biografiis dasazusteblad, agreTve agvistos
ajanyebis mzadebaSi erovnul-demokratiuli partiis wvlilis,
`stambolis politikuri komisiisa~ da misi `samxedro komisiis~
rolis Sesaswavlad.
mariam didebuliZe
g. CubinaSvilis sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa
dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kedlis mxatvrobis

Zeglebi tao-klarjeTSi da maTi gadaudebeli
konservaciis aqtualuri sakiTxebi
warmodgenili moxsenebis mizania, farTo sazogadoeb-

is yuradReba mivapyroT tao-klarjeTSi SemorCenili Sua
saukuneebis qarTuli kedlis mxatvrobis Zeglebis savalalo
mdgomareobas. isini iziareben im arqiteqturuli nagebobebis
mZime xvedrs, romelTa kedlebsac amkoben, zog SemTxvevaSi ki
maTi mdgomareoba xuroTmoZRvrebisazedac uaresia TviT masa-
lis meti mowyvladobisa da klimaturi zemoqmedebisagan metad
33
daucvelobis, adamianTa vandalizmisa da regularuli movlis
ararsebobis gamo.
tao-klarjeTis kedlis mxatvrobis Zeglebis dacva-gadarCe-
nisaTvis saswrafo zomebis miRebis aucilebloba maTi maRali
istoriul-mxatvruli RirebulebiTac aris ganpirobebuli. am
Zeglebis istoria mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos is-
toriis umniSvnelovanes momentebTan, kerZod, IX-X saukunee-
bSi qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis gaerTianebisken mimarTul
mZlavr moZraobasTan, romelic swored am istoriuli mxaridan
wamoiwyes bagrationTa gvaris warmomadgenlebma.
amave dros, am moxatulobaTa mniSvneloba scdeba mxolod
qarTuli xelovnebis farglebs da, zogadad, bizantiuri da aR-
mosavleTqristianuli kulturis SeswavlisTvis fasdaudebel
da zogjer unikalur masalas gvawvdis, vinaidan am periodis bi-
zantiuri Zeglebi Zalian cotaa SemorCenili. amave dros, isini
mowmoben aqtiur kulturul da mxatvrul urTierTkavSirs im
mravalricxovan da mdidar kulturebs Soris, romlebic yvaoda
axlo aRmosavleTSi.
saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleT regionSi Camoyalibebulma
ferwerulma skolam iseve, rogorc am regionis xuroTmoZRvre-
bam, didwilad gansazRvra Sua saukuneebis qarTuli xelovneb-
is Semdgomi ganviTareba. misi ayvavebis xana X-XIII saukuneebs
moicavs, zogadad, Sua saukneebis qarTuli mxatvrobis gan-
viTarebis erTiani suraTis farglebSi mkafiod gamoxatuli
Taviseburi saxiT gamoirCeva.
amJamad moxatulobaTa met-naklebad dazianebuli fragmen-
tebi SemorCenilia oTxTa eklesiis, xaxulis, oSkis, iSxnis, nia-
komis, tbeTis, opizis, esbekis, dolisyanis, solomon-kalas da
sxva taZrebSi. amave skolas miakuTvneben manglisisa da kumur-
dos taZarTa freskebs.
dResdReobiT, rogorc iqna, daiwyo seriozuli molaparake-
bebi TurqeTTan mis teritoriaze amJamad arsebuli qarTuli
kulturis Zeglebis konservaciis Taobaze. es unikaluri Sesa-
Zlebloba maqsimalurad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da, xuroT-
moZRvrebasTan erTad, misgan ganuyoflad unda daisvas kedlis
mxatvrobis konservaciis sakiTxi.
34
ramdenadac SesaZlebelia am freskebis fizikuri mdgomare-
obis martivi daTvalierebis safuZvelze Sefaseba, is sagangaSoa
TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi.
aucileblad migvaCnia winasaproeqto kvlevis Catareba
freskebis daavadebebisa da maTi mizezebis dasadgenad da Se-
sabamisi samkurnalo RonisZiebebis dasagegmad. es ki moiTxovs
xaraCoebis gamarTvas, detalur foto da grafikul fiqsacias,
sqemebisa da, sadac SesaZlebelia, kalkebis gakeTebas, uaxlesi
teqnologiebiT aRWurvil laboratoriul kvlevas, arsebuli
ferweruli masalis Semadgenlobis dadgenas da sxva.
migvaCnia, rom Zalian sasurvelia saerTaSoriso organiza-
ciebis CarTva (mag., ikromis), raTa gamoyenebul iqnes maT xelT
arsebuli kvlevis teqnikuri saSualebebi.
cxadia, amis paralelurad, ufro farTod unda gaiSalos
samecniero kvleva, rasac Cveni centris TanamSromlebi ukve
aTwleulze meti xania awarmoeben.
tao-klarjeTis kedlis mxatvrobis Zeglebis fizikuri ga-
darCena saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saqmed unda iqces.
Tatyana Dudenko
Director of the Mirgorod Literary-Memorial Museum of David Guramishvili.
Mirgorod, Ukraine
The Mirgorod Literary-Memorial Museum of David

Guramishvili; a unique Development in the Cultural
Space of Ukraine
1. David Guramishvili in Mirgorod District.

The biography of David Guramishvili, an outstanding Georgian poet of the
18th century, whose poetry is today an inalienable page of the great Book of world
literature, is inseparably linked to Ukraine, Mirgorod.
Here, in a small Ukrainian town the poet spent the last years of his hard life,
writing his immortal book “Davitiani”, and here he completed his course of life.
35
Today the soil of Mirgorod keeps the remains of the great son of the Georgian
people in sacred custody; a street and a library proudly bear his name, two statues
of the poet have been erected in the town, and in 1969 the Museum of David Gu-
ramishvili was opened.
2. History of the founding of the Museum.
The Museum was founded through the effort of the Ukrainian and Georgian
men of letters, scholars, and students of the local lore. Among them were: P. Tychi-
na, P. Panch, M. Bazhan, D. Kosarik, I. Gurin, Acad. A Baramidze, and the muse-
ums of Poltava, Kiev and Georgia.
3. The fonds of the Museum.
The exposition and fonds of the Museum boast over 2000 exhibits on the life
and work of the Georgian poet, on his contemporary Georgia and Ukraine, in par-
ticular the Mirgorod district, editions of “Davitiani” of various years, paintings,
decorative and applied art. The antiquities rouse a special interest of the visitors:
Georgian folk musical instruments, dress and footwear, items of folk life, collection
of Georgian coins of the 17th-18th centuries, specimens of arms, etc. The number of
exhibits is increasing constantly. The emergence of many of them is connected with
an interesting and instructive history.
4. The activity of the Museum in the context of Ukrainian-Georgian interrela-
tions.
The main line of activity of the Museum is to acquaint the visitors with the bi-
ography of David Guramishvili, to popularize his works, and promote the strength-
ening of Ukrainian-Georgian cultural links. The Museum welcomes the poet’s
fellow-countrymen from Georgia, renews, keeps up and establishes new relations
with representatives of the Georgian diaspora in Ukraine. Many joint events are
held. The Museum serves as a meeting place with the homeland - a corner of Geor-
gian on Ukrainian soil.
The collaborators of the Museum also take part in the events organized by the
Georgian side.
5. The Museum of David Guramishvili is one of the centres of the cultural life
of the resort town of Mirgorod.
Apart from excursions, wide cultural and mass work is carried on: exhibitions
of literary and art works, presentations, competitions, meetings with writers, liter-
ary and theatre evenings, master classes. A literary club functions at the Museum.
A wide circle of active Mirgorodians is enlisted in the activities of the Museum.
36
6. The Mirgorod Literary-Memorial Museum of David Guramishvili is today
living a rich and diverse spiritual life. It is a beauty of Mirgorod. The Museum
is full of vitality, creative plans, and looking ahead with confidence and befet-
tingly representing the great and ancient culture of the Georgian people, the life
and works of the great David Guramishvili being a small part of it. The Museum
of the Georgian poet on Ukrainian soil is unique; it has a great future, as well as
our two peoples. The Museum of David Guramishvili will in the future too fullfil
its lofty mission of promoting and strengthening friendship between the Ukrainian
and Georgian peoples.
eka duRaSvili, qeTevan tatiSvili

RvTismSoblis miZinebis Tema sinuri tradiciis

qarTul xelnawerebSi
RvTismSoblis miZinebisadmi miZRvnili homiletikuri da

himnografiuli teqstebi Cndeba IX-X saukuneebis sinur xelnaw-
erebSi. sinuri mravalTavi (864 w.) Seicavs ioane oqropiris ori
homiliis uZveles qarTul Taragmanebs, sinuri tradici isa
ve
himnografiul krebulebSi (sin.-1, sin.-34, sin.-14, sin.-64-65) gvxvde
ba ioane damaskelisa da kozma ierusalimelis himnografiuli
kanonebis agreTve uZvelesi qarTuli Targmanebi.
samecniero gamokvlevebis mixedviT, cnobilia, rom himno-
grafiis erT-erT wina safexurs warmoadgens homiletika. bizan-
tiurma himnografiam wyarod wminda werilis garda, homiletika
gamoiyena. aqedan gamomdinare, teqstobrivad am ori Janris na-
warmoebebs bevri ram aqvT saerTo.
Cvens moxsenebaSi ganxilulia RvTismSoblis miZinebis sa-
globlebisa da homiliebis qarTuli Targmanebis mimarTeba-
ni berZnul originalebTan. kozma ierusalimelis mariamobis
himnografiuli kanonis ori qarTuli Targmani, romlTagan
adreuli uZveles iadgarSi dasturdeba, Sedarebulia berZnul
37
dedanTan da gamovlenilia qarTuli Targmenebis gansxvavebuli
xasiaTi. sagaloblebis uZvelesi qarTuli Targmanebi dedan-
Tan mimarTebiT garkveul teqstobriv Taviseburebebs avlens.
qarTveli mTargmnelebi SeZlebisdagvarad cdiloben original-
Tan formobrivi da teqstobrivi sizustis dacvas, magram qar-
Tuli Targmanebi SeiZleba CavTvaloT dinamikur-ekvivalentur
(Tavisufal) Targamanebad, romlebSic berZnuli dednis saleq-
so sazomi zogjer daculia, zogjer – ara.
moxsenebaSi ganxilulia agreTve RvTismSoblis miZinebis
Temaze dawerili homiliis qarTuli Targmani, es teqsti sinuri
mravalTavis mixedviT ekuTvnis ioane oqropirs. m. v. esbrokis
gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli apokrifuli homiliis av-
tori aris ioane Taesalonikeli – VI saukunis moRvawe.qarTuli
Targmani ki am berZnuli teqstis arqetips warmoadgens. xoli
meore homilia sxvadasxva enaze Semonaxuli apokrifuli frag-
mentebis msgavsia SedgenilobiT. mariamobis homiliebis qarTu-
li Targmanebis zusti dedanebi dadgenili ar aris.
moxsenebaSi ganxilulia sinur xelnawerebSi arsebuli saga-
loblebisa da homiliebis mixedviT RvTismSoblis aRmniSvneli
epiTetebi da Sedarebebi. gamoyofilia is mxatvruli saxeebi,
romlebic gvxvdeba rogorc homiliaSi, ise sagaloblebSi. ganx-
ilulia maTi qarTuli Targmanebis Taviseburebani.
Albert ten Kaatu

Paris, France
Georgian heritage abroad:

the case of the aris Lectionary
This Lectionary has many peculiar readings and deserves therefore an exten-
sive treatment. At the First Symposium of Manuscripts we made a short inventory
of the variants in the lectionary-text of the Gospel of John. Now we turn to a chap-
ter in the Gospel of Matthew to look for the origin of the multitude of variants, even
38
within the Georgian text-tradition. We will compare its text with the Adish, Opiza,
Tbeti and Mcxeturi manuscripts, but will accent mostly the unique variants. How
the Paris Lectionary treated the text-tradition as used in Jerusalem. It is well known
that the Georgian version of this liturgy was made after the Armenian and in use till
the 11th century. But its variants are so special that we will look for them carefully
and compare them also with all other ancient versions existing. This we will do in
the appendix, otherwise it would be too much for a short presentation of chapter
25 in this Gospel. Within the Kartuli Gospel-text-tradition the Lectionary sides
mostly with the Tbeti manuscript, as it appears in the addition of da saZilesa,
“da sdzelisa”, “and a bride”, as in Ad*/Tb, in the first verse. This is in particular
clear in the first parable. But almost everywhere it goes with all traditions in their
differences, as appears in vs. 11, where three different affiliations are visible in
one verse:
Mt 25,11:1 Semdegomad maTsa movides sxuanica2 qalwulni da
etyodes:3 ufalo,4 gangvuRe Cuenca!5
So the Kartuli tradition of this Gospel remains fluent for such a long time.
At least five different tendencies become visible in this chapter:
a simplifying one(A),
an actualizing one(B),
a harmonising one(C),
a Georgianisation-one(D) and
an explaining one(E);
also, there is some carelessness in copying visible(F).
Of all these tendencies we will produce an example.
In 25,1 the actualising (B) appears in the variant concerning maT, “the”, vir-
gins, referring probably to a well-known subject. In the same verse the variant
aRinTes, “lighted”, is simplifying(A) a complicated Greek phrase.
In 25,3 and 4 the inversion of these verses is unique: it could refer to the
necessity of making the whole story more logical (E), because the story goes
1
Semdgomad maTsa “shemdgomad mathsa”, id.Tb/M; Ad: ukyanaisknel “ukqa-
naysknel”, “at last”; Op: amissa merme “amissa merme”,“to this again”.
2
sxuanica “skhuanica”, “other, however”; Ad: sxuani “skhuani”, “other”.
3
etyodes “ethqodes”, “they said”; Ad/M: ityodes “itqodes”, “they said it”.
4
Ad/Op/Tb/M add: ufalo “upalo”, “Lord!”.
5
Cuenca “chuenca”; Ad/M: Cuen “chuen”, “for us”.
39
further to warn the foolish ones, and at the same time could stress the wise. The
use of sanTelni, “lights”, is sign of Kartulisation(D), known in the majority
of the Georgian text-tradition, while the Mcxeta manuscript uses the Greek vari-
ant: lamparni maTni, “lamparni mathni”, “the lamps”. In the verse 4(3) there
is a unique simplification(A), omitting the phrase “having taken their lights”,
lamparni maTTa Tana; M: “lamparni maththa thana”, “with their lamps”.
In 25,6 the variant da mivegebvodiT, “da mivegebvodith”, “let us meet” ,
is simplifying(A) the Greek and could be also actualizing(B), because the hearers
were not able to “go” literally, for the meeting of the Lord.
In 25,9 the variant aw “ats”, “now!”, is a clear actualization(A). In the same
verse the variant adding zeTi, “zethi”, “oil”, is clearly explaining(E).
In 25,11 the omission of one mention of ufalo, “upalo”, “Lord!”, is
simplifying(A).
In 25,12 the variant of mentioning the verb in the future tense, “will answer
and say”, “miugos da hrquas”, is referring to the last judgement and so an explain-
ing variant(E).
In 25,15 the variant explaining “talent” as “pound”, talanti, romel ars
qanqari, “talanti romel ars kankari”, while Ad/Op/Tb/M mention only qanqari
“kankari”, “pound”, is a clear Kartulisation and also a sign of harmonizing with
Luke 19,16-(C). In the same verse the transposition of the end to next verse is a
case of carelessness(F).
In 25,16 the variant adding at the end qanqari “kankari”, “pound”, is an
explaining one(E). Ad/Op/Tb: omit it according to Greek B; M has: talanti,
“talanti”, “talent”. This variant points to affiliation with the Greek Caesarean text-
type, including also the Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus.
In 25,19 the variant maT Tana, “math thana”, “with them” ; (Op/Tb: maT
monaTa Tana, “math monatha thana”, “with the servants”, M: monaTa maT
Tana, “monatha math thana”), follows exactly the Greek, but simplifies the Geor-
gian.
In 25,20 adding “only”, -Ra “-gha” (Ad/Tb: om.), after “other” the manuscript
stresses humility, an actualizing tendency(B).
In 25,23 the mention of ufalman, “upalman”, “the Lord” (Ad/Tb/M:
ufalman misman, “upalman misman”, “his lord”; Op: ufalman Tuisman,
“upalman twisman”, “his own lord”), refers to a well-known entity.
In 25,27 savaWrosa, “savatchrosa”, “the market”, (cf. Lk 19,23), where
Ad has: vaWarTa, “vatcharta”, “merchants”, is a variant harmonizing with Luke
40
19,23(C). Omitting “the mine” in the same verse appears to be a simplification(A),
or dresses a more modest picture of the Lord(E).
The addition of TualTai, “thualthay”, “the eyes”, (Ad/Op/Tb/M: om.) in
25,30 is an explaining variant(E).
In 25,32 there is an important omission due to carelessness(F): LgeoP* omits:
viTarca ganarCinis, “vitarca ganartchinis”, “as separates”; Ad: viTarca
mwyemsman-Ra ganarCinis, “vitarca mtsqemsman-gha ganartchinis”, “as a shep-
herd only is selecting”; Op/Tb: viTarca igi rai mwyemsman ganarCinnis igi,
“vitarca igi ray mtsqemsman ganartchinnis igi”, “as when a shepherd is selecting
them”, M: viTarca igi mwyemsman, “vitarca igi mtsqemsman…”, “as he, some
shepherd is...” Also there is a tendency to generalize “the” sheep and “the” goats by
omitting the accentuation -Ra/rai, as in the Latin versions.
In 25,34 the variant dasabamiTgan, “dasabamithgan”, “from beginning”(Ad:
dabadebiTgan, “dabadebithgan”, “from creation”, is much more historicising
and explaining than the Greek(E).
In 25,36 there is another case of parablepsis(F): the editor of LgeoP corrects
adding: da momxedeT me; sapyrobilsa viyav, “da momxedeth me; sapqro-
bilsa viqav”, “and you looked after me; I was in jail”.
In 25,41 the variant dawyeulno, “datsqeulno”, “damned” (Ad/Op/Tb/M:
wyeulno, “tsqeulno”, “cursed ones”), is much more stressing and thus explaining
the actuality of the message.
This is only a selection of variants. For the complete picture, we refer to our
appendix.
Where come all these variants in this special Kartuli version from? Do they
originate from Georgia and have their origin in the liturgical use of the Gospel? It
is likely. In reading and preaching the Gospel was explained to the hearers. In this
direction point also the many resemblances with the Diatessaric traditions and the
harmonisations. Also the more explicite references to the last judgment point to this
liturgical origin. So the Georgian heritage abroad took over the Jerusalem-tradition,
but gave it its own flavor.
41
Maria Kalligerou
Oxford Conservation Consortium. Oxford, Great Britain
A Georgian scribe and bookbinder

in 10th century Sinai
During the period from the eighth century to the fourteenth century the pres-
ence of Georgian monks at St. Catherine’s Monastery in Sinai is quite evident, in
particular from the large group of manuscripts written in Georgian which have
remained until today in the library of the monastery, at least some of which can be
demonstrated to have been written at Sinai.
This paper is based on a collection of more than eighty Georgian manuscripts
preserved at St Catherine’s monastery in Sinai, as well as some other manuscripts
of Sinaitic provenance now found elsewhere. Among these a group of dated manu-
scripts share a similar binding structure and have a number of features in common,
some of which have not be found in any other mediaeval bindings. This group is
also very important as it contains some of the earliest dated Georgian manuscripts
in the collection, which are moreover still in their original bindings.
In addition, the dates of these manuscripts are very close (in the late tenth
century), and they reveal the regular presence of a known scribe’s hand, namely
John Zosimas. Zosimas’ role is confirmed by the dated and signed colophons that
he wrote, and his hand has been recognised in many manuscripts. The aim of this
paper is to examine those manuscripts that he is known to have written, in order to
try and trace those that he may have bound himself, or ordered to be bound accord-
ing to his own specifications.
My research is based not only on the information about the binding that Zo-
simas provides in the colophons. I also try to follow his bookbinding activities
through the techniques and materials that have been used in this group of manu-
scripts related to Zosimas.
This paper will discuss in detail one binding from this group as a representa-
tive case, describing its structure and from a combination of this analysis with
textual and scribal data, elucidating its history. This volume, and the larger group
to which it belongs, thus constitutes an important source of information both about
Georgian bindings in this period and mediaeval bindings in general.
42
maia karanaZe
adreuli qarTuli ydebi gracSi
2011 wels xelnawerTa erovnulma centrma avstriidan mi-

iRo Suxardtiseuli qarTuli koleqciis digitaluri aslebi.
rogorc cnobilia, dasaxelebuli koleqcia Seicavs VII-XI sauku-
neebiT daTariRebul 5 xelnawersa da 3 calkeul furcels. aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom TiToeuli maTgani, rogorc Cans, rveulebad
iyo akinZuli da ydaSi Casmuli, razedac metyvelebs xelnawerTa
furclebze SemorCenili rveulebrivi paginaciis, „grekaJis“ (V
formis CanaWeri yuaze), arSiebis CamonaWris kvali, romlebze-
dac minawerebi xSir SemTxvevaSi dazianebulia (mag., ix.: xanmeti
leqcionari (Graz Geo. #2058/1), 40v-41r da 48v-49r), zogierT xel-
nawerze darTuli Semmosvelis anderZi: Graz Geo. #2058/1, mesamed
mmosvelis – ioane-zosimes – anderZiani furceli inaxeba birmin-
gemSi (Ming. Geo. 7), Graz Geo. #2058/3, xelnaweris mmosvelis ander-
Zidan SemorCenilia mxolod oTxi aso „lcyT“ 164 (173*).
Suxardtiseul xelnawerTagan tyavis yda SemorCa mxolod or
wigns (Graz Geo. #2058/2 da Graz Geo. #2058/3).
moxsenebis mizania, warmoadginos gracSi daculi X saukuniT
daTariRebuli Graz Geo. #2058/3 xelnaweri wignis ydis tipolo-
giuri analizi.
Graz Geo. #2058/3 xelnaweris yda identuria sinuri ydebis,
romelTa tyavis tvifruli zedapiri gaformebulia qristianuli
aRmosavleTisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli wreSi Caxatuli tolgverda
jvrebiT, naxats Seadgens wris segmenti. Cvens xelT arsebuli ma-
salis safuZvelze, qarTul xelnawerebSi, ZiriTadad, gvxvdeba
ioane-zosimes gadaweril (Sin. Geo.O. 47, Sin. Geo.O. 34, Sin. Geo.O.
38, Sin.Geo.N. 20) da Semosil xelnawerebSi (Sin. Geo.O. 32-57-33; Sin.
Geo.O. 46; Sin.Geo.N. 26). jvrebi gamoirCeva ornamentuli saxis erT-
gvarovnebiT. isini erTi Semsruleblis xelze miuTiTebs da maT
avtorad ioane-zosime miviCnieT. am mosazrebas isic uWers mxars,
rom xelnawer Sin 47-Si gamosaxul jvrebsa da ornamentebSi gvx-
43
vdeba daqaragmebuli „lcyT“. sityvis „locva-yavT“ oTxi asoTi
daqaragmeba damaxasiaTebelia ioane-zosimes anderZTa xelweri-
saTvis (Sin. Geo.O. 6, 169v, 223r; Sin. Geo.O. 47, 1r, 12v, 30r; Sin. Geo.O. 38,
131r, 144r; Sin Geo.O. 66, 83v; Sin. Geo.O. 34, 4v, 5r, 11r-v, 69v; Sin. Geo.O.
15, 84r; Sin. Geo.O. 52, 99r-v; Sin. Geo.O. 32-57-33, 175r-v; Sin. Geo.O. 26,
96r, 101v; Graz #2058/3, 164 (173*);M Ming. Geo. 7,8).
tyavis tvifruli yda, romelic dReisaTvis aqvs Graz Geo.
#2058/3 xelnawers, Cveni azriT, gakeTebulia 981 w. ioane-zosimes
mier. rogorc Cans, igi agrZelebda im samwignobro tradicias, ro-
melic sinis mTaze damkvidrebulma qarTvelma mwignobarma bereb-
ma memkvidreobiT miiRes sabawmidis monastridan.
X saukuniT daTariRebuli fsalmunis (Graz Geo. #2058/2) ty-
avgadakruli amotvifruli ydis zedapiri Zlier dazianebulia.
tyavze zedapirulad ikiTxeba mcire zomis ovaluri moyvanilo-
bis „Semavsebeli“ tvifrebi da ori xazisgan Semdgari wre, rac
„xazovani“ tvifris teqnikiTaa miRebuli; wignis Sekvrisas gamoy-
enebuli unda iyos xis dafebis „sworxazovani“ anu vertikaluri,
mimagrebis wesi.
Graz Geo. #2058/2 xelnaweris yda, yvela niSnis mixedviT, XIII-XIV
saukuneebiT unda daTariRdes, vfiqrobT, teqstic am dros unda
iyos gacxovelebuli (51v, 54v, 61v, 87v, 103v).
vladimer kekelia, irma xositaSvili

Jer.Geo. 49 xelnaweris minawerebi da xanTubisZe//

xanTumisZeTa sagvareulos moRvaweobis geografi-
uli areali
ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi dacu-

li xelnaweri Jer.Geo.49 etratze Sesrulebuli jruW-parxlis
redaqciis oTxTavia. dawerilia ori sxvadasxva xeliT. ZiriTadi
xeli XI saukunisaa.
44
214 v-ze erTi xeliT miwerilia mosaxseneblebis rigi. nusx-
uri paleografiulad XVI saukunisaa.
• sfiridons S(eu)ndos R(merTma)n. T(an)amecxedr(e)sa missa
TinaTins S(eu)n(do)s R(merTma)n.
• ZeTa m(a)TTa y(ovel)T(a)ve S(eu)n(do)s R(merTma)n.
• sfiridonis Zm(a)sa abdulmesx yofilsa ahrons S(eu)n(do)s
R(merTma)n.
• missa meuRleyofilsa gaans S(eu)n(do)s R(merTma)n.
• m(a)Tsa Zesa ajafbers da missa meuRl(e)sa burduxans S(eu)
n(do)s R(merTma)n.
• miZnaZorisa winamZRuarsa xanTubisZes zo|simes S(eu)n(do)s
R(merTma)n, misTa micv(a)l(e)b(u)lTa yovelTave S(eu)n(do)s
R(merTma)n.
• misa bersa b(a)rTlomes da misTa deda-m(a)m(a)Ta S(eu)n(do)s
R(merTma)n, | da misTa Zm(a)Taca S(eu)n(do)s R(merTma)n.
mocemul teqstSi mosaxsenebelTa ori jgufi gamoiyofa. pi-
rvel jgufSi sfiridoni da misi naTesavebi moixsenebian, xolo
meore jgufis mosaxseneblebi miZnaZoris winamZRvars, mis bersa
da maT naTesavebs ekuTvniT.
Cveni yuradReba meore jgufis mosaxseneblebma miiqcia.
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi ierusalimuri warmoma-
vlobis XVI saukunis H-2338 xelnaweris 2r-ze miwerilia miZna-
Zoris winamZRvar zosimes mosaxsenebeli. Cveni azriT, H-2338
da Jer.Geo.49 xelnawerebis zosime miZnaZoreli erTi da igive
piri unda iyos. amasTan kavSirSi, sainteresoa Q-1487 xaxulis
svinaqsaris sarestavraciod gamoyenebuli werili, romel-
ic paleografiulad XV-XVI saukuneebiT TariRdeba. werilis
adresatic sulieri mama zosimea, romelsac werilSi gadmoce-
muli mdgomareoba patronisaTvis unda moexsenebina. Znelia da-
bejiTebiT imis Tqma, Tu vis ekuTvnis kidev erT ierusalimur
xelnawerze, H-2211 49 v-ze, Sesrulebuli miZnaZoris winamZRvar
xanTumisZis mosaxsenebeli, romelic aseve XVI saukunis xeliT
aris naweri. mosaxsenebelSi mxolod gvari weria.
XVI saukuneSi xanTumisZe-xanTubisZeTa sagvareulos warmo-
madgenlebi saeklesio moRvaweTa rigSi gvevlinebian, magali-
45
Tad, A-502 da A-503 xelnawerebi gadawerilia iordane grigo-
lis Ze xanTubisZis mier. A-503 xelnaweris 302 v-ze Cawerilia
winamZRvar ioseb xanTubisZis vrceli saojaxo mosaxsenebeli.
savaraudod, iosebic miZnaZorTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli.
Jer.Geo.49 xelnaweris minawerebi azustebs xanTubisZeTa
sagvareulos moRvaweobis geografiul areals da XVI saukuneSi
miZnaZoris sasuliero keris istoriis Sesaswavlad saintereso
masalas warmoadgens.
eqvTime koWlamazaSvili
aTonis, klarjeTisa da parxlis mravalTavTa

originaluri homiletikis qronologiisaTvis
sazRvargareTis qarTul savaneebSi – aTonis mTis, klar

jeTisa da parxlis monastrebSi, damzadebul X-XI saukuneebis
sam mravalTavSi, naTargmn homiletikur ZeglebTan erTad,
ramdenime originaluri homiliacaa Setanili, saxeldobr, ioane
bolnelis saxeliT warwerili sakiTxavebi, gankuTvnili didi
marxvis kvira dReebisaTvis. maTi avtoris (ioane bolnelis)
vinaobisa da biografiis (Tundac mxolod moRvaweobis drois)
Sesaxeb saistorio wyaroebs pirdapiri cnobebi ar SemounaxavT.
aTonis, klarjeTisa da parxlis mravalTavebis damzadebis
drois mixedviT, eWvmiutanlad mxolod is SegviZlia davaskvnaT,
rom ioane bolnelis moRvaweobis zeda qronologiuri zRvari
X saukunea, radganac pirvelad am dros Cndeba misi saxeli,
magram igi sakuTriv am saukunis moRvawea Tu ufro wina xanisa,
amis dadgena oden misi Txzulebebis Semcvel xelnawerTa asakze
dayrdnobiT SeuZlebelia.
bolnelis zedwodebiT Zvel qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi
moixsenebian bolnisis episkoposebi. bolnisi erT-erTi uZvelesi
46
saepiskoposo saydaria, romelzedac, juanSeris cnobiT,
mRvdelmTavari ganuwesebia mefe vaxtang gorgasals, taZris
ageba ki sxvadasxva wyaroebiT bakur da farsman mefeebs miewereba
(V s.). radganac mravalTavebSi Setanili homiliebis avtorebi,
erTi-ori gamonaklisis garda, mRvdelmTavrebi arian, unda
vivaraudoT, rom ioane bolnelis zedwodeba (`bolneli~) mis
samRvdelmTavro pativs mowmobs da ara, ubralod, sadaurobas.
homiliebis teqstebis kvlevaze dayrdnobiT, mecnierebaSi
gamoiTqva erTmaneTisagan didad gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi
ioane bolnelis moRvaweobis xanis Sesaxeb. mkvlevarTa erTi
nawili mis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas VII saukuniT aTariRebs,
sxvani – X saukuniT.
m. van esbroki da àTonis mravalTavis~ gamomcemelni,
romlebic ioane bolnelis moRvaweobas VII saukunes akuTvneben,
ZiriTadad emyarebian am avtoris homiliebSi dafiqsirebul
liturgikul kalendars (kerZod, rvakvirian marxvas), rac,
saistorio wyaroebis Tanaxmad, VII saukunis movlenaa.
m. van esbrokis daTariReba ar gaiziara `klarjuli mra
valTavis~ gamomcemelma T. mgalobliSvilma. arsebiTad,
man veraferi daupirispira m. van esbrokis argumentacias,
garda imisa, rom scada rvakviriani marxvis dadastureba
X saukuneSic da amas daurTo ioane bolnelis moRvaweobis
X saukuniT dasaTariRebeli `mTavari argumenti~ – bolnisis
taZris ezoSi aRmoCenili X saukunis saflavis qva, romelzedac
ioane bolneli episkoposi ixsenieba. am lapidarul warweras
zogjer ioane bolnelis qronologiis dasadgen `myar
argumentad~ moixsenieben, Tumca ki, rogorc Cvens moxsenebaSi
davasabuTebT, xsenebuli warwera araTu `myari~ argumentia
zemoTaRniSnuli miznebisaTvis, aramed masze dayrdnoba
sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis – sruliad usafuZvloa, xolo m. van
esbrokisa da àTonis mravalTavis~ gamomcemelTa mosazreba,
rom ioane bolnelis qronologiis dasadgenad amosavali unda
iyos mis homiliebSi dafiqsirebuli VII saukunis liturgikuli
kalendari, savsebiT damajerebelia.
am mosazrebis dasabuTebas SevecdebiT Semdegnairad:
47
1. warmovaCenT rvakviriani marxvis X saukuneSi daSvebis
alogikurobas.
2. radgan rvakviriani marxva monofizituri tradiciis
gamovlenas warmoadgens, amaze dayrdnobiT, gamovTqvamT Tval
sazriss, rom swored es kalendari unda iyos mizezi imisa,
rom Semdgomi xanis homiletikur krebulebSi ioane bolnelis
homiliebi aRar SeutaniaT, maTi avtoris aRmsareblobaSi
daeWvebis gamo.
3. warmovaCenT im faqts, rom ioane bolneli ar moixsenieba
X-XI saukuneebis arc erTi mwerlis mier, romlebic mraval
Tanadroul swavlulsa da mwignobars moixsenieben, es ki
naklebad mosalodneli iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi, ioane bolneli
X saukunis moRvawe rom yofiliyo.
amrigad, ioane bolnelis moRvaweobas da, Sesabamisad, aTonis,
klarjeTisa da parxlis mravalTavTa originalur homiletikas
Cven, m. van esbrokis kvaldakval, vaTariRebT VII saukuniT.
buba kudava
kavkasiZeebis cixe
(axali masala tao-klarjeTis arqiteqturis,
ferwerisa da epigrafikisaTvis)
1. istoriul tao-klarjeTSi araerTi mniSvnelovani cixes-

imagrea SemorCenili. es logikuricaa, radgan aRniSnuli re-
gioni saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos erT-erTi mTavari
karibWe iyo. cixeTa umravlesoba, eklesia-monastrebisgan gan-
sxvavebiT, ar aris Seswavlili. maT ricxvSia e. w. `kavkasiZeebis
cixec~, romelic Sua saukuneebSi saqarTvelos erT-erTi uki-
duresi samxreTi simagre unda yofiliyo.
2. cixis istoriuli saxelwodeba ucnobia. dReisaTvis moix-
senieba rogorc `kavkasiZeebis cixe~ (sagvareulos mixedviT)
48
an òTxTa eklesiis cixe~ (monasterTan Tu amave saxelwodebis
sofelTan siaxlovis gamo). Tanamedrove Turquli saxelwodeba
`Teqqale~ (èuli cixe~) kargad gamoxatavs mis xasiaTs. cixe mde-
bareobs imiertaoSi, Woroxis piras, speridan taoSi Semomaval
gzaze, yoveli mxridan kldeebiT mozRudul borcvze. cixis
Sesaxeb faqtobrivad erTaderTi informacia daculia eqvTime
TayaiSvilis 1917 wlis eqspediciis angariSSi. masze asvla im
drosac rTuli yofila, magram eqspediciis wevrma ilia zdanev-
iCma moaxerxa cixeSi SeRweva da mcire, Tumca faseuli infor-
maciis Camotana. mas Semdeg kavkasiZeebis cixeze mkvlevarTagan
aRaravin yofila.
3. cixis Seswavla 2003 wels, samxreT kavkasiisa da anatoli-
is kvlevis centris eqspediciisas (buba kudava, bondo kupataZe,
goCa saiTiZe, jaba samuSia) vcadeT, Tumca alpinisturi aRWur-
vilobis uqonlobis gamo mxolod gare daTvaliereba SevZeliT.
cixeze asvla 2005 wels movaxerxe, dokumenturi filmis – èrTi
Woroxis Svilebi~ (avtori – giorgi kalandia) gadaRebisas.
moxsenebis mizania samecniero sazogadoebas gaacnos cixeze
mopovebuli axali masala: dadasturda, dazustda an Sesworda
eq. TayaiSvilis angariSSi mocemuli informacia; gairkva dRem-
de ucnobi detalebi; gakeTda kompleqsisa da misi taZris zog-
adi aRweriloba. miRebuli suraTi mowmobs, rom saWiroa cixis
sagangebo Seswavla, miT ufro, rom Woroxis xeobis es nawili
uaxloes wlebSi wyliT ifareba.
4. cixe Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan samxreT-dasavleTisken wa-
grZelebuli, rTuli gegmarebis kompleqsia. mas sxvadasxva sir-
Tulis kedeli icavda, rac gamowveuli iyo rogorc reliefiT,
ise samxreTidan momavali gzisken orientirebiT. citadeli ara-
Tanabari donis monakveTebisgan Sedgeboda. mas mTel perimetrze
sxvadasxva simaRlis kedeli sazRvravda. yvelaze ufro gamagre-
buli mxareebi samxreTi da dasavleTi iyo, saidanac cixes da-
matebiTi kedlebi da burjebi icavda (Cans, karibWec am mxares
iyo). citadelis teritoriaze wylis rezervuari da akldama (?)
davafiqsireT.
5. kompleqsis yvelaze saintereso nageboba eklesiaa (daaxl.
4,5 x 6,5 m). Sirimis qvis perangisagan igi naxevrad SemouZarcvavT.
49
samSeneblo masalis, nagebobis proporciebisa da gegmis (swor-
kuTxedSi Cawerili, naxevarwriuli afsidiT daboloebuli dar-
bazi) mixedviT, is oTxTa eklesiis (X s.) axlo periodisa unda
iyos. fasadebze ar aris raime warwera an dekori, Tumca taZars
aqa-iq SerCenia sagangebod damuSavebuli karnizis qvebi. gan-
ZismaZieblebs aqac amouRweviaT – iataki gadauTxriaT, kedle-
bidan zogan qvebic gamouRiaT.
6. samwuxarod, 1917 wlis Semdeg freskebis mdgomareoba
gauaresebula. dasavleT kedelze ganirCeva xareba da Soba
(zdaneviCs naTlisRebad miuCnevia), wmindanTa rigi (erTgan Cans
berZnuli ganmartebiTi warweris kvalic). sakurTxevlis sarkm-
lis wirTxlebze Zveli aRTqmis 2 winaswarmetyvelia (erTi, sa-
varaudod, daviT mefe), niSebSi ki or-ori wminda mama (da ara
angelozebi). samxreT kedelze TiTqmis araferi darCenila. ga-
nadgurebula CrdiloeT kedlis zeda registric (`12 mociqu-
li~), dazianebula qveda registrSi gamosaxuli qtitorebis
figurebic, Tumca irkveva, rom aq ara 3, aramed 5-6 figuraa,
romlebic taxtze mjdomi RvTismSobliskenaa mimarTuli (xom
ar iyo taZari RvTismSoblis saxelobis?).
7. samwuxarod, eklesiidan cnobili erTaderTi, murvan
kavkasiZiseuli warwera ganadgurebula, Tumca qtitorebis ga-
mosaxulebebTan aRmoCnda araerTi saintereso mosaxseniebeli
xasiaTis nakawri warwera. maTi umravlesoba asomTavrulia,
magram gvxvdeba mxedruliT Sesrulebuli nimuSebic. paleo-
grafiuli monacemebisa da taos am nawilSi kavkasiZeTa damkv-
idrebis qronologiis gaTvaliswinebiT, warwerebi daaxloebiT
XV-XVI saukuneebiT unda daTariRdes.
50
Theo M. van Lint
The Oriental Institute. Oxford. Great Britain
The Wardrop Collection of the Georgian Cultural

Heritage in the Bodleian Library at Oxford
In my presentation I will describe the contribution made by Oliver and Mary

Wardrop to the study of the Georgian cultural heritage in the United Kingdom,
and in particular their legacy as it is kept in the Wardrop Collection at the Bodle-
ian Library at Oxford, one of the greatest University Libraries in the world. This
important archival and manuscript collection contains manuscripts, some of rare
quality,and many items related to the excellent work that the Wardrops did in trans-
lating Georgian literature and in making the general public in the United Kingdom
more familiar with Georgian culture in general. To this will be added a brief de-
scription of the state of Georgian Studies at the University of Oxford.
Basil Lourie
Revue de patrologie, d’hagiographie critique et d’histoire ecclésiastique.
St. Petersburg. Russia
Barsabas of Jerusalem, On Christ and the Churches:

Its Genre and Liturgical Contents
The early Christian text On Christ and the Chrurches (late 2nd or early 3rd cent.)
attributed to some Barsabas of Jerusalem is known only in Georgian translation,
in the only manuscript Iviron 11 (10th cent., going back to an earlier asomtavruli
model; translation can be dated to the second half of the 5th cent.). The first study
of this text together with the editio princeps was presented in 1982 by Michel van
Esbroeck. Since then, only two particular topics of this work were studied: exegesis
of Josephus (F. Manns, 1984) and anti-Jewish polemics (D. Bumazhnov, 2009).
The peculiar composition of the work and its genre remain unexplained.
51
In the present study I propose an interpretation of the text as a Christian re-
working of a Jewish Second Temple apocalyptic frame especially close to that of
2 Baruch and 4 Ezra and also used in the early Christian Apocalypse of John. The
structural similarity of the three latter apocalypses is well known; elsewhere, I pro-
posed a reconstruction of the calendrical scheme which was, in slightly different
modifications, used in 2 Baruch and 4 Ezra (Lourié 2011). Unlike them, the Apoca-
lypse of John does not contain an explicit calendrical calibration in time intervals
(save the mention of “Lord’s Day” in 1:10) but it also contains seven great visions
sometime subdivided into seven episodes; thus, its structure is especially close to
that of 2 Baruch.
The sermon of Barsabas is, too, composed from seven major parts dedicated
to the seven great prophets. These parts are subdivided into 28 “mysteries” (said-
umloÁ) in an uneven way. The resulting structure turns out to be especially close
to that of the 2 Baruch. The differences are explainable by the calendrical motives;
van Esbroeck’s supposition that one or two “mysteries” were dropped out during
the manuscript transmission of the text is unnecessary.
Scenes Barsabas of Jerusalem Weekdays John 2 Ba- 4

Prophets §§ Mysteries Bars 2 Bar ruch Ezra
Christ 1–2 Sun Thu Sun Thu Tue
I Adam 3–10 4 Thu Thu 7 7 1
II Noah 11 1 Fri Thu 7 7 7
III Abraham 12 1 Sat Thu 7 7 7
IV Sarah 13 1 Sun Fri 1 1 7
V Isaac 14–28 13 Sat Sat 7 1 1
VI Jacob 29–40 7 Sat Sat 1 7 7
VII Moses/Christ 41–44 1 Sun Sun 1 1 3
Σ 28 31 31 33
Most important calendrical features. 1. Christ is Sunday. In a more archa-

ic exegesis preserved by Clement of Alexandria quoting an earlier source (Strom
6:16:145; Stählin 506), Christ is the light and a “day” but this day is the Sabbath
(such is the Christian understanding of the fourth commandment). In Barsabas,
Christ is still the light and a “day” but this day is “the First from Sabbath” = Sunday
(pirveli SabaTi, §2; not “the first week,” cf. pirvelsa SabaTsa in Mk 16:9).
This is an additional argument for a third-century dating. 2. Midpentecost. In the
52
same manner as in both 2 Baruch and 4 Ezra, the seventh part of Barsabas’ sermon
is dedicated to Moses and is related to the Pentecost. The calendrical setting of all
these texts is the second half of the Pentecost period. However, the first visions in
2 Baruch and 4 Ezra are related to specific dates important in the Second Temple
period, whereas the beginning of the sermon of Barnabas is related to the Midpen-
tecost: the Sunday of the corresponding week and the commemoration of Noah
whose relation to the Midpentecost is traceable back to the third century although
may have pre-Christian roots.
Genre. Unlike John, 2 Baruch, and 4 Ezra, Barsabas’ work is not an apoca-
lypse. Instead, it is an inverse apocalypse where the prophecies of the past (“mys-
teries”) are examined and proclaimed as fulfilled. We know, at least, one work of
the same or similar genre, the sermon of John II of Jerusalem on the encaenia of the
Sion basilica in 394 (preserved in Armenian).
roin malaymaZe, uCa oqropiriZe

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis universiteti. saqarTvelo
murad kasapis wigni osmaleTSi mcxovreb

qarTvelebze
TurqeTSi, saqarTvelosTan megobrobis asociaciis egidiT,

2010 wels gamoica murad kasapis maRalpoligrafiul doneze
Sesrulebuli monografia „qarTvelebi osmaleTSi~ (Murat Kasap,
Osmanli Güvcüleri, Gürcistan Dostluk Dernegi (Georgian Friendship Associa-
tion), Istanbul, 2010).
upirveles yovlisa, misasalmebelia avtoris daintereseba
TurqeTis respublikaSi mcxovrebi Cveni TanamoZmeebis isto-
riiTa da qarTuli problematikiT. avtors didi Sroma gauwevia
TurqeTSi moRvawe 1100-ze meti qarTuli warmoSobis pirovne-
baTa biografiuli istoriis SeswavlaSi, amaTgan 17 osmaleTis
saxelmwifos didvaziri (sadrazami) yofila (gv.34-63), 9-iani-
CarTa aRalari (gv. 64-65), 6 – sazRvao admirali (gv. 66-71), 14
– osmaleTis sulTnis saxelmwifo mrCeveli (naziri) (gv. 73-101),
173 – veziri, ministri, Tu maRali rangis samxedro da admin-
53
istraciuli moxele (gv. 103-178), 13 – TurqeTis respublikis
mejlisis deputati (gv. 179-185), 6 – Seixulislami (gv. 186-193),
345 – gamoCenili swavluli, xelovani, mecnieri (gv. 194-286) da
sxva. wignSi mniSvnelovani adgili aqvs daTmobili agreTve os-
maleTis fadiSahTa qarTveli dedebisa (gv. 433-443) da sulTnis
karTan naTesaobiT dakavSirebul pirovnebaTa istoriebs.
wignSi gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva saarqivo masala, saistorio
wyaroebi, literatura da sxva monacemebi. wigns erTvis maRal
poligrafiul doneze Sesrulebuli istoriul pirovnebaTa
portretebi, individualuri saojaxo fotoebi, rac murad kasa-
pis naSroms gansakuTrebiT sainteresosa da mimzidvels xdis.
murad kasapis monografia „qarTvelebi osmaleTSi“ Turqu-
li istoriografiis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia. igi saWiro wignia
qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis, qarTuli istoriuli mecnierebisT-
vis. Aamitomac misi saTanado doneze gadmoqarTuleba saSuri
saqme iqneba. amiT qarTveli mkiTxveli, sakiTxiT daintersebuli
mkvlevari ukeT gaecnoba TurqeTSi mcxovreb TanamemamuleTa
istorias, yofa-cxovrebas.
Aamgvari gamocemebi xels Seuwyobs ori qveynis samecniero
Zalebs Soris kontaqtebis damyarebasa da maT TanamSromlobas,
rac orive mxarisaTvis iqneba sasაrgeblo.
esma mania
ùcxoobaSi yofna~, rogorc specifikuri

diskursi ucxoeTidan gamogzavnili piradi
werilebis magaliTze
ùcxoobaSi yofna~ garda imisa, rom specifikuri sazoga-

doebriv-politikuri da emociuri mdgomareobaa, diskursis
formirebisTvis Tavisebur sistemasac gvTavazobs. es sistema,
bunebrivia, Zlier gansxvavdeba diskursisagan – `samSobloSi~.
54
es garemoeba sinqronulad ar exmianeba im damokidebulebas,
rac, sakmaod cnobili Teoriebis Tanaxmad, `samSoblos, ro-
gorc gardauvalobas~, `patriotizms, rogorc Tandayolil
biologiur instinqts~ ganixilavs. ùcxoobaSi yofna~ rTuli
fsiqologiuri mocemulobaa da is erTgvari indikatoricaa
zemoT miTiTebuli Teoriebis misaReboba-miuReblobis dasa-
dastureblad.
adamianis cnobierebaSi Zalian bevr obieqts aqvs `sazRvari~
(filosofiuri gagebiT). `sazRvris gadalaxva~ ara mxolod saa-
zrovno sferos interesia, aramed instinqturicaa. miuxeda-
vad amisa, `Sida sivrcis daZleva~ Semecnebis sakmaod maRali
xarisxis maCvenebelia. am gadasaxedidan `gareT yofna~ erTgvari
fsiqologiuri komforticaa. Tumca am gziT `gareT yofna~
srulebiTac ar emTxveva ùcxoobaSi yofnas~. es ukanaskneli
semantikuradac uaryofiTi terminia da adekvaturad exmianeba
am garemoebis sazogadoebriv Tu pirovnul bunebas.
ùcxoobaSi yofnas~ gare faqtorTa zemoqmedebis, iZulebis,
Zaldatanebis niuansi axlavs. es ki iseT specifikur literatu-
rul diskurss ganapirobebs, sadac naTlad Cans e. w. geografi-
uli SemozRudulobiT gamowveuli gardauvalobis gancda.
swored es faqtori gvevlineba emigrantuli sazogadoebebis
erT-erT yvelaze mZime fsiqologiur problemad.
geografiuli SemozRuduloba ukavSirdeba Tavisuflebis
deficits. swored amis gamoa, rom avtorebi ùcxoobaSi~ erT-
gvar apokalifsur suraTebs xataven. isini am ganwyobebis gad-
mosacemad yvelaze xSirad ritorikuli SekiTxvis meTods iy-
eneben. es gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxi, garda imisa, rom ritorikis,
faqtobrivad, pasuxgaucemel paTetikas eyrdnoba, erTgvari
Sekruli, mojadoebuli, gamosavlis armqone wris SegrZnebasac
qmnis. es dausrulebeli brunva, Tavisi uaryofiTi emociuri
SinaarsiT, aRemateba dros, rogorc astralur fenomens. amis
gamo avtorebi xSirad eTnocentruli poziciebidanac msjelo-
ben da sakuTar samSoblos iseT binarul opoziciaSi aqceven,
rogoricaa `saqarTvelo da msoflio~. es konteqsti, arcTu
iSviaTad, Zalian axlos dgas nacionaluri identobis mZafr,
zogjer zRvargadasul aRqmasTan.
55
teqstebis kvlevis es meTodi SesaniSnavad aTvalsaCinoebs
rogorc maTi avtorebis sulier mdgomareobasa da emigraciaSi
arsebul viTarebas, aseve sazogadoebrivi interesebis veqtor-
sac.
moxsenebaSi sakvlev wyarod aRebulia, erTi mxriv, episkop-
os kirion saZagliSvilis gadasaxlebidan arqimandrit tarasi
kandelakisa da dekanoz ioseb CijavaZis, xolo, meore mxriv,
eqvTime TayaiSvilis emigraciidan irodion sonRulaSvilisa
da niko maris saxelze gamogzavnili werilebi. qronologiuri
CarCo moicavs 1906-1940 ww.
moxsenebaSi Sedarebulia sasuliero da saero pirebis, iZu
lebiT gadasaxlebuli da emigraciaSi nebayoflobiT (!) wasuli
moRvaweebis saazrovno procesis msgavseba-gansxvavebani da Ta-
viseburebani. sakvlevad wyarod aRebulia piradi werili, sadac
urTierToba gauSualebelia da gantvirTulia socialur-poli-
tikuri wnexisa Tu koniunqturisagan. werilobiTi urTierTobis
es forma analitikurad ufro sandoa, vidre sajaro gamosvlebi
da monologebi.
Tanamedrove msoflioSi `samSoblo~ erTgvarad atrofire-
buli cnebaa. miwas, gens, sisxls, `patrias~ dRes anaqronizmis
markerebi aqvs. is, rac am faqtorebis namdvil arss avlens,
swored sazRvrebs garedan xedvis rakursi, ùcxoobaSi yofnis~
literaturuli diskursia.
mzia marsagiSvili
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
ierusalimis jvris monastris ori freskis Sesaxeb

(`petre iberi~ da ìoane lazi~)
1. ierusalimis jvris monasterSi daculi, saxelis gareSe

datovebuli „petre iberisa~ da „ioane lazis~ freskebis Sesax-
eb dRevandel samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva mosazreba
56
arsebobs. am freskebze da monastris danarCen kedlis mxatv-
robaze dakvirvebis Sedegad Segveqmna safuZveli, gamogveTqva
erTgvarad gansxvavebuli mosazreba.
2. eklesiis centraluri karis Sida mxridan marcxena wirTx-
lze gamosaxuli usaxelo freska, Cveni varaudiT, ar unda iyos
arc petre iberis maswavleblisa da Tanamoazris, ioane lazis,
gamosaxuleba da arc jvarcmuli, wamebuli berisa an sqemosani
monazvnis simbolo, rogorc es aris gaziarebuli mkvlevarTa
umravlesobis mier da miRebuli dReisaTvis. vfiqrob, freska
warmoadgens yovelgvari mankierebisagan gaTavisuflebuli da
mxolod am gziT miRweuli sulieri gaZlierebis filosofiur-
emociur simbolur gamosaxulebas, romelic SeiZleba beric
iyos da rwmeniT gaZlierebuli eriskacic.
wirTxlis sxva freskebTan erTad (marjvena mxares solomon
brZenisa da zeda wirTxlze ori angelozis sazeimo gamosaxule-
ba), es freska, Cveni varaudiT, gverdiT miwerili fraziTurT
lukas saxarebidan aris simarTlisa da siZlieris simbolod
aris moxmobili da eklesiis erTian sqema-Sinaarss warmoadgens.
3. centraluri karis CanaSenze, nikifore irbaxis jvris
monasterSi moRvaweobis amsaxveli cnobili qarTul-berZnuli
warweris qveS gamosaxulia, aseve saxelis gareSe datovebuli,
petre iberad miCneuli ucnobi beri. Cveni varaudiT, es Sesa-
Zloa iyos swored nikifore irbaxis is gamosaxuleba, romelzec
timoTe gabaSvilma konkretuli adgilis miuTiTeblad aRniSna:
„mun xatia jvaris mama nikifore~.
vfiqrob, niko CubinaSvilma miiCnia ra saxelis gareSe da-
tovebuli beris gamosaxuleba petre iberis portretad, ra
Tqma unda, nikifore irbaxis freska veRar ipova da, amis gamo,
is dRemde dakargulad iTvleba.
4. amrigad, ierusalimis jvris monatris centraluri Sesas-
vleli karis wirTxlis freskebSi TiTqos Cans erTiani sqema-
Sinaarsi, xolo am kompoziciis zeda fenaze gamosaxuli ucnobi
beri, Cveni varaudiT, mე-18 saukunis moRvawis, jvris monatris
momxatav-ganmaaxleblis nikifore irbaxis freskaa.
57
Tamar mesxi
aRmosavleTmcodneobis instituti. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
CvenTvis ucnobi qarTuli Zegli saberZneTSi?

(`panaRia tornikiu~)
saberZneTSi, mdinare aliakmonis sanapirosTan aRmarTul

patara borcvze mdebareobs monasteri, saxelwodebiT `panaRia
tornikiu~, anu `yovladwmida Tornikesi~. mkvlevarni monastris
saxelwodebas soflis Zvel saxelwodebas ukavSireben. Tumca
arc imas gamoricxaven, rom es saxeli sofels monastris gav-
leniT darqmeoda. amasTan, gamoTqvamen varauds, rom, SesaZloa,
sofelsac da taZarsac saxelwodeba mieRo bizantiaSi cnobili
somxuri warmomavlobis Tornikiosebis sagvareulodan. iqve
axseneben ioane-Tornikes saxelsac, magram saboloo daskvnisa-
gan Tavs ikaveben.
samonastro kompleqsis (zomebi: 35×22) nagebobaTa Soris uZ-
velesi mTavari taZaria. mkvlevarni mas X-XI saukuneebiT aTari-
Reben. taZari orsarTuliania, mcire zomis (7×4,5). Sesasvleli
dasavleTidan aqvs. nagebia adgilobrivi qviT, yovelgvari mo-
sarTavisa da samkaulis gareSe. gadaxurulia kramitiT. aqvs
naviseburi saxuravi. SemorCenili warwerebis Tanaxmad, monas-
tris sxva nagebobebi XIV, XVI da XVIII saukuneebs ganekuTvneba.
1936 wlidan monasteri gauqmebulia.
taZari yuradRebas ipyrobs moxatulobis mxrivac. igi moux-
atavT 1481 wels. stilis mixedviT, kastoriis xatmwerTa skolis
adreul nimuSad miiCneven.
saistorio wyaroebis simwiris miuxedavad, arsebobs safuZve-
li, monastris amSenebeli ioane-Tornike iyos. am azris sasarge-
blod metyvelebs mkvlevarTa dakvirvebebic:
1. mTavari taZari ver Tavsdeba saberZneTis cnobil arqite-
qturul tipebSi. 2. bizantiur epoqaSi orsarTuliani taZrebi
iSviaTia (magaliTebad asaxeleben baCkovos, boJanas da mTava-
rangelozTa taZars TesalonikeSi). 3. taZari uSualod ekvris
58
galavans, rac mxolod aTonis mTis monastrebSi gvxvdeba (p. vo-
RiaZis).
moxsenebis mizania qarTvel xelovnebaTmcodneTa dainter-
eseba `panaRia tornikius~ arqiteqturiTa da ferweriT. war-
modgenili iqneba fotomasala.
naTia mirotaZe
ucxoeTis mwignobruli kerebi da bibliis qarTuli

Targmani: esTeris wignis qarTuli versiebi
esTeris wignis qarTuli Targmani, romelic adreul peri-

odSive sxvadasxva samwerlobo keraSi Sesrulda, asaxavs ber-
Znuli teqstis ganviTarebis yvela safexurs.
berZnulad esTeris wignis ori teqsti arsebobs. pirveli
maTgani (e. w. septuagintas teqsti) lisimaqem Seasrula ieru-
salimSi, meore ki misi gadamuSavebiT aris miRebuli. mas luki-
anurad miiCnevdnen, radgan am tradiciis teqstTa Semcvel
xelnawerebSia warmodgenili (is mokle teqstad, L teqstad da
alfa teqstadac moixsenieba). unda arsebuliyo mesame teqstic,
romlis kvalic laTinuri Targmanis zogierT ikiTxvisSi Cndeba.
e. w. septuagintas teqstis berZnuli Targmanis Sesrulebis
ad
gi lisa da mTargmnelis Se sa
xeb informacias iZleva mTargm-
neliseuli ko lofoni. e. w. lukianuri teqstis avtorisa da
Seqmnis adgilis Sesaxeb ki azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. erTi mosaz-
rebiT, is antioqiuri warmomavlobis unda iyos, sxva mosazre-
biT ki, is filon aleqsandriels unda Seeqmna romSi ebraelTa
mefis, agripasaTvis.
qarTul mTargmnelobiT tradiciaSi esTeris wignis isto-
riis yvela etapia warmodgenili.
I. e. w. septuagintas esTeris wignis Targmani xuT wyaroSi
aris daculi, teqstis xasiaTis mixedviT ki, sami jgufi gvaqvs:
59
1. A-646, A-570, H-885 (Tavis mxriv, A-570 da H-885 ufro axlos
dgaს er Tma
neT
Tan) – swored es unda yofiliyo Tavdapirveli
Targmanis teqsti.
2. A-51 – mcxeTis biblia, romelic, rogorc cnobilia, sabam
somxur‑laTinur wyaroebze dayrdnobiT Seqmna. is, teqstobrivi
TvalsazrisiT, pirvel jgufs uaxlovdeba, mis gadamuSavebas
warmoadgens.
3. baqaris bibliis (gamocemulia 1743 wels baqaris mier mos-
kovSi) esTeris wigni teqstobrivi TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeba pirveli ori jgufisagan.
II. esTeris wignis e. w. lukianuri teqstis qarTuli Targmani
mxolod oSkis bibliaSia (Ath. 1, 978 w.) warmodgenili. am teqstis
qarTuli ver siis arseboba mxars uWers Tvalsazriss esTeris
wignis berZnuli Tar gmanis antioqiuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb
da nak leb sarwmunos xdis mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac, is
filon aleqsandriels unda Seeqmna romSi.
III. rac Seexeba esTeris wignis mesame teqstis kvals, ro-
melic laTinur TargmanSi dasturdeba, qarTulSic iCens Tavs.
e. w. septuagintas esTeris wignis qarTuli Targmanis I da II
teqstobriv jgufSi arsebuli ikiTxvisebi siaxloves laTinur
TargmanTan avlens.
riT unda avxsnaT esTeris wignis teqstis aseTi mraval fe
rovneba? esTeris wignis qarTuli Targmanebi safuZvels gva-
Zlevs vivaraudoT, rom, zogadad, bibliuri wignebi qarTulad
iTargmna sxvadasxva kul turul garemoSi – palestinasa da an-
tioqiaSi. Targmanis teqstis Semdgomi istoria (recenzireba) ki
gviandel kulturul kavSirebze miuTiTebs: dasavlur-kaToli-
kursa (vulgata, somxuri Targmani) da slavurze.
60
Sorena murusiZe
qarTuli politikuri emigraciis monawileoba

visbadenisa da Starnbergis konferenciebSi
(1591-1952 ww.)
civi omis dros amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi ssrk-s wi-

naaRmdeg e. w. „fsiqologiuri omis“ taqtikas mimarTavda. aSS-Si
sabWoTa kavSirSi Semavali erebis emigraciis daxmarebis mizniT,
arsdeboda sazogadoebrivi komitetebi. maT Soris iyo „bol-
Sevizmis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli amerikuli komiteti“, romelic
sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa emigrantuli organizaciebis gaer-
Tianebasa da „antibolSevikuri centris“ Camoyalibebas isaxavda
miznad.
1951 wlis noembris dasawyisSi visbadenSi „komitetis“ orga-
nizebiT sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa emigrantuli organizaciebis
monawileobiT pirveli konferencia Catarda. „amerikulma
komitetma“ visbadenis konferenciaze qarTvelebidan „qarTuli
erovnuli sabWo“ miiwvia. visbadenis mizani bolSevikuri reJi-
mis winaaRmdeg sabWoTa kavSiris emigrantuli organizaciebis
gaerTianeba iyo.
visbadenis TaTbirze imsjeles: 1. erovnul sakiTxze; 2. mo-
mavali gaerTianebis saxelwodebasa da 3. organizaciul mowyo-
baze.
konferenciis monawileebma miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT cnes
erovnebaTa TviTgamorkvevis ufleba plebiscitis, erovnuli
damfuZnebeli krebis an saerTo rusuli damfuZnebeli krebis
gziT.
konferenciis monawile, erTi mxriv, 5 rusuli organiza-
ciisa da, meore mxriv, sxva erovnebaTa emigrantuli gaer-
Tianebis delegatebi ver SeTanxmdnen im saxelmwifoebisTvis
damoukideblobis uSualod aRiarebaze, romelTac hqondaT su-
vereniteti mopovebuli, am uflebas rusi emigrantebi mxolod
saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi cnobdnen.
61
ver SeTanxmdnen saxelwodebazedac, rusuli organizacie-
bi iTxovdnen „ruseTis“, xolo danarCeni emigrantuli orga-
nizaciebi – „ssrk“-s moxseniebas.
organizaciis mowyobis sakiTxSi uaryves upartio sazogado
moRvaweebis miRebis sakiTxi, rasac, momaval gaerTianebaSi um-
ravlesobis mopovebis mizniT, rusi emigrantebi uWerdnen mxars.
konferenciaze airCies paritetuli komisia, romelsac unda
ezruna, visbadenis TaTbirze Riad darCenili sakiTxebis irgv-
liv SeTanxmebis miRwevis mizniT, morigi TaTbiris mowvevaze.
visbadenis konferencia iyo pirveli SemTxveva, roca rusi
da ararusi emigrantuli gaerTianebebi saTaTbirod Seikribnen,
aq miRebuli deklaracia ki – pirveli politikuri aqti, rusebi-
sa da sxva erTa warmomadgenlebis mier dadebuli bolSevikuri
reJimis winaaRmdeg. manamde rusuli politikuri emigrantuli
gaerTianebebi ara Tu cnobdnen saqarTvelos damoukideblobas,
aramed ibrZodnen am uflebis winaaRmdeg. arc erTi rusuli or-
ganizacia ar aRiarebda ruseTis imperiis daSlas.
morigi konferencia Catarda StarnbergSi 1952 wlis 19-21
ivniss, mizani kvlav antibolSevikuri centris Seqmna iyo. kon-
ferencia dasrulda radiokomisiisa da politikuri erTaSori-
si komisiis SeqmniT. politikuri komisiis saqmianoba plenumis
mowveviT dasrulda. plenumze sabWoTa kavSirSi Semavali erebis
emigrantuli organizaciebis warmomadgenlebisagan Seiqmna „sa-
koordinacio centri“, romelmac winaaRmdegobebis fonze ori
weli imuSava da daiSala.
qarTveli emigrantebis nawili („qarTuli erovnuli sabWo“,
social-demokratiuli, social-federalisturi paritiebi) mi-
iCnevda, rom amerikis mxardaWeris miReba maTgan garkveul
kompromisebze wasvlas moiTxovda, maTi azriT, visbadenis,
Starnbergis konferenciebSi monawileoba da „sakoordinacio
centrSi“ gawevrianeba, anu rusul emigraciasTan TanamSrom-
loba, swored am daTmobas warmoadgenda, radgan am movlenebis
ukan „amerikuli komitetis“ interesebi iyo. qarTuli emigra-
ciis nawili ki rusul emigraciasTan molaparakebebis gamarT-
vas saqarTvelos damoukideblobis Ralatad da suverenitetis
62
eWvqveS dayenebad afasebda, radgan rusuli organizaciebi saqa-
rTvelos damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg ibrZodnen.
qarTveli emigrantebis monawileoba visbadenisa da Starn-
bergis konferenciebSi istoriografiaSi Seswavlili ar aris. es
istoriuli faqtebi mniSvnelovania qarTuli politikuri emi-
graciis saqmianobis Seswavlis, meore msoflio omis Semdeg daw-
yebuli civi omis dros qarTuli emigraciiT aSS-is mTavrobis
dainteresebisa da sabWoTa kavSiris yvelaze mravalricxovan da
gavlenian rusul emigraciasTan urTierTobis sakiTxis kvlevis
TvalsazrisiT.
naTia nacvliSvili
„onofre ganSorebulis“ cxovrebis qarTuli

versiebi
onofre ganSorebuli (mZovari, didi, megvipteli...) iseTive

didi meudabnoea, rogorebic arian – antoni didi, makari megvi-
pteli, pavle Tebeli, paxomi didi, efTvime didi da sxvani.
am wminda mamis cxovreba misi gardacvalebisTanave (†400 w.)
dawerila sxva monazonTa sulierad gasamxneveblad da maTi rw-
menis kidev ufro gansamtkiceblad. Txzulebis avtori Tavad
aris teqstSi moTxrobili ambebis mxilveli da amitom Txroba
Tavidan bolomde pirvel pirSi mimdinareobs.
qarTul mTargmnelobiT tradiciaSi IV-V saukuneebis av-
toris, pafnuti monazvnis Txzulebis – ònofre ganSorebu-
lis cxovrebis~ – ramdenime redaqcia (kimenuri, metafrasuli,
svinaqsaruli) dasturdeba. am Txzulebis kimenuri redaqci-
is Targmani aTonis mTargmnelobiTi skolis cnobil warmo-
madgenels, efTvime aTonels ekuTvnis. „cxovrebis“ berZnuli
da laTinuri teqstebi Sesulia „Acta Sanctorum“-Si, Jun. III, 24-30.
berZnulad arsebobs agreTve filoTeos konstantinopoleli
63
patriarqis mier dawerili onofres „cxovreba“ da nikolaos
xucesmonazonis mier dawerili „cxovreba“, romlebic gamouce-
melia.
„onofre ganSorebulis cxovrebis~ efTvime aToneliseuli
Targmanebis Semcveli xelnawerebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgin-
da, rom am Txzulebis kimenuri redaqciis efTvimeseuli Targ-
manis garda, arsebobs kidev erTi redaqcia, romelic specialu-
rad gadaumuSavebiaT paterikuli krebulisTvis (Jer. 36, XIII-XIV).
sainteresoa, rom is gadaukeTebiaT Zalian maleve, xelnaweri
XIII-XIV saukunisaa.
metafrasuli redaqcia (quT.3), korneli kekeliZis varau-
diT, sxva TxzulebebTan erTad, ioane qsifilinoss dauweria,
qarTulad ki ioane petriwis erT-erT Segirds uTargmnia (XII
saukuneSi) gelaTis monasterSi. am Targmanebs dednis mniS-
vneloba aqvs, radgan berZnuli metafrasebis dednebi dakar-
gulia (k. kekeliZe).
rac Seexeba onofre ganSorebulis svinaqsarul `cxovrebas~,
igi Sesulia giorgi mTawmidlis `did svinaqsarSi~.
Cveni kvlevis mixedviT, „onofre ganSorebulis cxovrebis“
axlad gamovlenili redaqcia sakmaod gansxvavebulia sxva ki-
menuri redaqciebisgan (Ath.-40, A-1104, A-128, Jer.-2, Jer.-140, Jer.-149
da sxv.) moculobis TvalsazrisiT, rac miRweulia teqstidan
frazebisa Tu sityvebis, zogjer ki mniSvnelovani terminebis
amoklebiT. avtori faqtebs mkveTrad da Seulamazeblad gad-
moscems, moswons efTvimeseuli „kleba¡“, rac gvafiqrebinebs,
rom misi mizani iyo, swrafad da advilad aRqmadi yofiliyo
teqsti (advilad dasamaxsovreblad Tu ukve wakiTxulis swra-
fad aRsadgenad).
saerTod ki, cnobilia, rom monastrebSi Seqmnili paterikebi
amave monastrebis tipikonebze iyo morgebuli.
efTvime aToneliseuli „onofre ganSorebulis cxovrebis“
qarTuli teqsti dRemde gamoucemelia. Cven davadgineT kri-
tikuli teqsti 6 xelnaweris mixedviT. amasTanave, gamosacemad
momzadebuli gvaqvs axladmikvleuli Semoklebuli kimenuri
(Jer.-36), metafrasuli (quT.3) da svinaqsaruli teqstebi.
64
paata nacvliSvili
grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
aleqsi fanCuliZe – erTaderTi holandieli

1956 wlis olimpiadaze
1. ungreTis cnobili movlenebis gamo, rig sxva qveynebTan

erTad, holandiamac boikoti gamoucxada 1956 wlis olimpia-
das, romlis maspinZelic melburni iyo. im olimpiadis pro-
gramiT gaTvaliswinebuli cxenosanTa asparezobebi stokholmSi
Catarda xuTi TviT adre, radgan avstraliis kanonmdeblobiT,
qveyanaSi cxenebis SeyvanisTvis mkacri da xangrZlivi karan-
tini iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, rac SeuZlebels xdida melburnSi
cxenosanTa gamosvlas. ungreTis movlenebi ukve olimpiadis
stokholmuri nawilis dasrulebis Semdeg moxda da amitom
boikoti cxenosnebs ar SexebiaT. holandiis Rirsebas stok-
holmSi erTaderTi sportsmeni icavda, romlis saxeli da gvari
olimpiur analebSi asea Setanili: Alexix Pantchoulidzew. cxen
„laskarze“ amxedrebulma 67 wlis gadamdgarma polkovnikma
fanCuliZem cxenis gawvrTnaSi 586,5 qula moagrova da 28-e ad-
gili daikava 36 monawiles Soris. Tumca holandias olimpiuri
Cempionebic hyavs cxenosnobaSi, fanCuliZes am qveynis sportis
istoriaSi mainc gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia, rogorc mel-
burnis TamaSebis erTaderT holandiel monawiles, erTi mxriv,
da rogorc uxuces holandiel olimpiels, meore mxriv. Tumca,
rogorc irkveva, misi saxeli holandiaSi mxolod cxenosnobasa
da olimpiadas rodi ukavSirdeba.
2. aleqsi fanCuliZis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi dRemde arafe-
ria cnobili, misi saxelic ki aravis gaugia. igi 1888 wlis 18
seqtembers daibada ruseTSi, daba piatigorskSi, ruseTis armiis
general-leitenantis, evgeni fanCuliZis ojaxSi. fanCuliZeTa
gvaris es Sto, romelmac ruseTs oTxi gubernatori, Tavadazn-
aurobis sami winamZRoli da oTxi generali misca, imereli
Tavadis, daviT maTes Ze fanCuliZisgan iRebs dasabams. daviT
fanCuliZe mcenskis gubernatori yofila, xolo misi samive vaJi
generali iyo. orma – ivanem da simonma – 1812 wlis omSi gamoi-
65
Cines Tavi, xolo SuaTana, aleqsi, mTeli 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi
saratovis gubernatori iyo da misi biusti dResac dgas qala-
qis centralur parkSi. kidev erTi aleqsi fanCuliZe – sara-
tovis gubernatoris SviliSvili da holandieli olimpielis
babua – `deistvitelni statski sovetniki~, saratovis guber-
niis Tavadaznaurobis winamZRoli da Cernigovis gubernatori
gaxldaT. am Stos warmomadgenelTa umravlesoba kavaleriaSi
msaxurobda, da vinc ara, isic SesaniSnavi mxedari iyo. kavaler-
isti iyo aleqsi evgenis Ze fanCuliZec, romelic husarTa polk-
Si msaxurobda da rom ara 1917 wlis revolucia, romelsac igi
polkovnikis CiniT Sexvda, isic, saxelovan winaparTa msgavsad,
generali gaxdeboda. samxedro karieris paralelurad axal-
gazrda oficeri cxenosnobasac misdevda, rogorc sportis
saxeobas, da 1914 wels venis didi prizic ki mougia. revolu-
ciis Semdeg aleqsi fanCuliZe fineTis gavliT daniaSi gaiqca,
saidanac oTxi wlis Semdeg germaniaSi gadavida. meore msoflio
omis damTavrebisTanave igi holandiaSi dasaxlda da 1949 wels
am qveynis moqalaqeobac miiRo.
3. ruseTidan ltolvili aleqsi fanCuliZe aRmosavleT
prusiaSi dauaxlovda fon lipe-bisterfeldTa didgvarovan
ojaxs. princma bernhard lipe-bisterfeldma da misma meuRlem
armgard fon gramma rekenvaldSi, TavianT mamulSi Seifares
rusi oficeri da TavianTi vaJebis – bernhardisa da aSvinis –
cxenosnobis maswavleblad gaamweses. 1934 wels ojaxis ufro-
sis gardacvalebis Semdeg polkovniki fanCuliZe jer mamulis
movla-patronobaSi exmareboda princesa armgards, mere ki maTi
urTierToba TanacxovrebaSi gadaizarda. aleqsi fanCuliZes,
romelsac princesa moferebiT „Culis“ eZaxda, didi gavlena
hqonda Tavis ufros Svilobilze, princ bernhardze. es gav-
lena kidev ufro gaZlierda mas Semdeg, rac bernhardma co-
lad SeirTo niderlandis taxtis memkvidre, princesa iuliana,
xolo misi taxtze asvlis Semdeg „Culi“ mniSvnelovan rols
asrulebda qveynis samefo karis cxovrebaSi, rogorc princ-
konsortis uaxloesi megobari, mrCeveli da mesaidumle. fan-
CuliZeze bevrs werda holandiis presa niderlandis samefo
ojaxs Tavsdatexili ori cnobili skandalis – griit hofman-
66
sisa da „lokhidis“ saqmeTa gamo. princma bernhardma, romelic
1954-1974 wlebSi cxenosnobis saerTaSoriso federaciis pre-
zidenti iyo, didad Seuwyo xeli mamobils misi mravalwliani
ocnebis ganxorcielebaSi da olimpiur TamaSebSi yovelgvari
SesarCevi turnirebis gareSe miaRebina monawileoba egreT wo-
debuli „uaild kardiT“. aleqsi fanCuliZe 1968 wlis 10 aprils
gardaicvala. TavgadasavlebiT aRsavse misi cxovreba ruseTSi,
germaniasa Tu holandiaSi, mravali idumali, dRemde burusiT
moculi epizodiTac aris sayuradRebo.
4. naSromi warmoadgens aleqsi fanCuliZis cxovrebis Ses-
wavlis pirvel cdas. dRemde ucnobi masalis publikacia bevr
saintereso siaxles Seicavs ucxoeTis qarTvelTa istoriis Ses-
wavlis TvalsazrisiT.
rusudan niSnianiZe
saqarTvelo
erTi saintereso ucnobi arqivis Taobaze
kulturaTa gzajvaredini – arcTu iSviaTad es ganmarteba

bunebrivia XX saukunis qarTuli emigraciis araerTi warmo-
madgenlis saqmianobis Sefasebisas. es konteqsti zedmiwevniT
zustad asaxavs realobas. evropasa da amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi araerTi qarTuli warmomavlobis adamiani moRvawe-
obda. maTi cxovrebisa da saqmianobis amsaxveli masalebi sxva-
dasxva saxelmwifo Tu kerZo arqivSia daculi. amjerad, erTi
maTganis Sesaxeb.
qarTuli warmomavlobis amerikeli mwerlisa da moqanda-
kis – giorgi (jorj) papaSvilis gvar-saxeli Setanili iyo iseT
seriozul gamocemebSi, rogorebicaa: Who’s Who in American Arts
aseve, Who’s Who in American Literature of the 20-th century. giorgi
(jorj) papaSvili moqandake gaxldaT. misi cnobili gamofen-
67
ebia: pensilvaniis saxviTi xelovnebis akademia, filadelfiis
xelovnebis muzeumi, redingis saxelmwifo muzeumi da xelovneb-
is galerea, araerTi universiteti (lihais), vudmoris galerea.
moqandakis gardacvalebamde ramdenime wliT adre (1971) uiliam
penis memorialur muzeums retrospeqtul Cvenebaze giorgi pa-
paSvilis 60 namuSevari gautania.
amerikaSi bestselerad aRiarebuli giorgi da helen ueit
papaSvilebis wigni Ànything Can Happen” – `yvelaferi SeiZle-
ba moxdes~ 15 evropul enaze iTargmna, maT Soris – iaponur,
Cinur da urdus enebzedac. is erTxmad, pativiT iqna wardge-
nili wodebaze Book of the Month Club (wigni Tvis klubisaTvis),
rogorc friad warmatebuli. mwerlis meuRles wignis maRazia
hqonda alenTaunSi. qals wera exerxeboda da bevrsac muSaobda.
igi sakuTari gvar-saxeliTac gamoscemda wignebs, magram popu-
laruli mxolod isini iyo, romlebsac meuRlesTan TanamSrom-
lobis Sedegad gamoscemda.
giorgi (jorj) da helen ueit papaSvilebis arqivi, rogorc
aRmoCnda, daculia amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, pensilvania-
Si, lihais universitetis specialur koleqciaSi. masalebi saar-
qivo departaments gadaeca mwerlis meuRlis gardacvalebis
(1996) Semdeg (giorgi-jorji gardaicvala bevrad adre, 1978
wels). is ramdenime nawiladaa dayofili.
arqivi mniSvnelovania bevri TvalsazrisiT: aq daculia
xelnawerebi, epistolaruli memkvidreoba: mimowera gamomcem-
lebsa da agentebTan, aqvea araerTi literatoris recenziac
wignebisa da namuSevrebis Sesaxeb; inaxeba agreTve ara mxolod
profesionalTa an mTargmnelTa werilebi, aramed mkiTxveli
sazogadoebis mier gagzavnili baraTebic; anu Tavmoyrilia is
Sefasebebi, romlebic savsebiT ucnobia qarTveli mkvlevrebi-
sTvis. amave nawilSi Tavad elenes piradi arqivia daxarisxebu-
li, romelic bevr sagulisxmo faqts inaxavs.
saarqivo aRwerebiT vigebT, rom meore nawili moicavs pa-
paSvilis namuSevrebis fotoebs, gamofenebis programebsa da
katalogebs; agreTve mimoweras am sferoSi.
gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmod mimaCnia arqivSi daculi fo-
toebi da slaidebi, romelic, vfiqrob, araerTi moulodnelo-
68
bis winaSe dagvayenebs, vinaidan naTeli moefineba garkveul
kontaqtebs, sadac araerTi mniSvnelovani gvari aRmoCndeba.
giorgi (jorj) da helen papaSvilebis SemoqmedebiTi memkv-
idreobis Seswavla mniSvnelovani furcelia qarTuli da ameri-
kuli kulturis istoriaSi.
qeTevan pavliaSvili
saqarTvelo
istoriuli cnobebi „ivironis“ uZravi qonebis

dabrunebisaTvis brZolaze (XIX s.)
1. gvian Sua saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli

rTuli politikuri procesebis Sedegad, ucxoeTis qarTuli
sulierebis kera – „ivironi“ – xelisuflebis yuradRebis miRma
darCa, ris gamoc mas berZnuli agresia moemZlavra.
2. aTonis „ivironSi“ faqtobrivi monopolia berZeni sam-
Rvdeloebis xelSi aRmoCnda; seriozuli safrTxe Seeqmna „ivi-
ronis“ ekonomikur baziss – uZrav qonebas, romelic msoflio
saqristianos sxvadasxva adgilebSi mdebareobda – ZiriTadi ma-
terialuri wyaro saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi mefe-dide-
bulTagan „ivironisaTvis“ Sewiruli mamulebi iyo.
3. XIX saukunidan ruseTis imperiis mier saqarTvelos
politikurma dapyrobam da qarTuli eklesiis TviTmoweseobis
gauqmebam, imperiis interesebSi ucxoeTis qarTuli savaneebic
moaqcia. ruseTis xelisufleba „ivironis“ berZnebisagan dac-
vis ambiciiT moqmedebda. aRniSnuli qmedebebi urTierTgansx-
vavebuli intensivobiT mimdinareobda: Tu XIX saukunis 60-ian
wlebSi ruseTis imperia, daZabuli saSinao da sagareo viTare-
bidan gamomdinare, saTanado yuradRebas ver uTmobda „ivirons“
da iq berZnebi mZlavrobdnen, 80-ian wlebSi viTareba imperiis
69
sasargeblod Seicvala. XX saukunis 10-ian wlebSi ki berZnebi
„ivirons“ srulad daepatronnen.
4. ruseTis imperiis politikurma aRzevebam aToneli ber-
Znebis wminda mTaze batonobisaTvis ambiciebi saeWvo gaxada.
5. qarTuli savanisaTvis brZola erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
safuZveli gaxda ruseTisa da saberZneTis eklesiebis dapirisp-
irebisa. ruseTis eklesiis mier „ivironze“ qarTvelebis isto-
riuli uflebis dabrunebis moTxovna, faqtobrivad, niSnavda
imperiis brZolas „kuTvnil“ savaneze uflebamosilebis aRi-
arebisaTvis. aseTi ambicia erT-erTi gansaxilveli sakiTxi iyo
1874-1875 wlebis cnobili e.w. „panteleimonis procesze“, ramac,
ruseTis gamarjvebis gamo, „ivirons“ axali „mzrunveli“ – ru-
seTi – gamouCina.
6. „ivironis“ kavkasiaSi kuTvnili uZravi qonebis sakiTxma
„didi samkuTxedis“ Camoyalibeba gamoiwvia. „ivironis“ isto-
riuli mamulebisaTvis sxvadasxva mizniTa da gansxvavebuli
meTodebiT ibrZodnen saqarTvelo, ruseTi da saberZneTi. sa-
mive mxarisaTvis uZrav qonebas „ivironis“ flobaSi gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba hqonda.
7. sruliad qarTveli sazogadoebis mecadineobam saqarT-
velos uZravi qonebis „ivironis“ qarTvelTa sargebelSi da-
brunebisaTvis brZolam aqtiuri xasiaTi SeiZina XIX saukunis
meore naxevridan.
8. aToneli berebis aqtiuri qmedebebi XIX saukunis 50-
iani wlebidan intensiur xasiaTs iZens. berZeni berebi „ivi-
ronisTvis“ Sewiruli saqarTvelos mamulebidan yovelwliurad
iRebdnen gasamrjelos, aTonis berZnul monastrebs axmardnen
da piradi interesebisTvisac ki iyenebdnen.
9. berZnul-rusuli saeklesio dapirispirebis dros ruse-
Tis xelisufleba kompromisul politikas avlenda berZnebis
mimarT. imperiis xelisufleba arafrad agdebda qarTveli
sazogadoebis moTxovnas kavkasiis mamulebis berZnebze gadace-
mis SeCerebaze. ruseTis imperiis aseTma midgomam gaaaqtiura
berZnebis mier saqarTveloSi aTonis miwebis Sesyidvis procesi.
10. qarTveli sazogadoebis mwvave reaqcia imperiis sasuli-
ero da saero xelisuflebas ubiZgebda sagangebo brZanebule-
70
bebis gamocemisaken, rac iTvaliswinebda aTonis uZravi qonebiT
rogorc berZnebis, ise qarTvelebis mxridan sargeblobas.
11. aToneli berZnebis mier saqarTveloSi „ivironis“ kuTvni-
li miwebis kerZo pirebze gayidvam „ivirons“ sabolood mouspo
materialur-ekonomikuri berketi, rasac misi damoukideblobis
statusic Seewira. aTonis mTis wesis Tanaxmad, monastris kuT-
vnileba-damoukideblobis sakiTxi, sxva mravalTan erTad, gan-
isazRvreboda misi materialuri bazisiT. „ivironis“ am bazi-
sis dakargvam, misi saqarTvelosaTvis kuTvnilebis sakiTxic
uaryofiTad gadawyvita. amis Semdeg „ivirons“ dauflebuli
berZnebi Tavad ganagebdnen misi rogorc administraciuli, ise
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis beds.
nugzar papuaSvili
sulxan-saba orbelianis universiteti. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
grigol feraZe – solomonis `qebaTa qebis~

mTargmneli da komentatori
1. mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba, romelic XX saukunis qarTul

politikur emigraciaSi mimdinareobda, saTanadod Seswavlili
da Sefasebuli araa. es, pirvel rigSi, im saeklesio wreebis
misamarTiT iTqmis, romlebic amave epoqis dasavleT evropis
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi arsebobda. am miznisaTvis saWiroa masalis
Segroveba da analizi.
2. sagangebo kvlevis sagnad ar qceula agreTve aRniSnuli
emigraciis erT-erTi yvelaze TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis, wm.
grigol feraZis, mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba.
3. aRsaniSnavia, rom gr. feraZem ara marto mSobliuri enis
werilobiTi Zeglebi da teqstebi Targmna sxva enebze (T. Wum-
buriZis sadisertacio naSromi), aramed sapatio sityva man qar-
Tuli Targmanis istoriaSic Tqva. amis nimuSia solomon brZenis
avtorobiT cnobili kanonikuri wignis `qebaTa qebis~ miseuli
71
Targmani mimoxilviTa da ganmartebebiT, romelic warmodge-
nilia qarTvel marTlmadidebel emigrantTa JurnalSi `jvari
vazisa~ (#N2, 1932, gv. 35-48).
4. naSromi, savaraudod, Sesrulebulia im dros, rodesac
mTargmnelma kavSiri daamyara `britaneTis bibliur sazogadoe-
basTan~ (1929-1931). mis mizans mTeli kanonis axal qarTul enaze
ametyveleba warmoadgenda, risTvisac, Cans, seriozul nabijebs
dgamda. dasaxuli gegmisa da amocanis Sesabamisad, igi Zveli
aRTqmis kanonikur teqstebs dednidan Targmnida, magram sep-
tuagintasTanac ajerebda da qarTul saeklesio tradiciasac
uwevda angariSs.
5. sakiTxi, Tu ratom daiwyo gr. feraZem bibleistur-
mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba maincdamainc `qebaTa qebiT~, Si-
naarsobrivad da stilurad am erTob rTuli wigniT, im samrev-
loSic mwvaved daisva, romlis winamZRvari igi gaxda.
6. irkveva, rom is am wigns did mniSvnelobas aniWebda da pas-
toralur praqtikaSi mas xSirad iyenebda.
7. `qebaTa qebis~ grigol feraZiseuli teqsti aris bibliis
axal qarTul enaze Targmnis pirveli cda (analogiuri cdebis
Sesaxeb jerjerobiT mxolod iribi cnobebi mogvepoveba) da,
amasTanave, esaa pirveli bibliuri wigni qarTul enaze, ro-
melic uSualod ebrauli enidan iTargmna.
giorgi JuJunaSvili, guram kutalaZe

saqarTvelo
saqarTelos farglebs gareT arsebuli siZveleT-

sacavebis aRweriloba v. maWaraZis dRiurebSi
1. saistorio wyaroTa erT gansakuTrebulad saintere-

so saxes warmoadgens dRiurebi. dRiuri erTgvarad intimuri
sferoa, gulwrfeli da emociuri, piradi STabeWdilebisa da
misgan aRZruli sulieri ganwyobis mafiqsirebeli. igi ar iqmne-
72
ba publikaciis mizniT, Tumca ki xSirad mainc sajaroobisaTvis
aris ganwiruli. dRiuri moklea, sxartuli da informaciula-
dac tevadi, romelic zogjer striqonTa Sorisaa gauCinarebu-
li da moxelTebas, gamomzevebas saWiroebs. am saxis dokumentTa
mecnieruli sandooba da avtorTa obieqturoba daeWvebas ar im-
saxurebs. Tumca, vimeorebT, sifrTxile da kritikuli analizi
aucilebelia.
2. am kategoriis saistorio wyaroTi Cveni gataceba erT-
ma konkretulma, mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT metad Rirebulma,
masalam ganapiroba. profesor v. maWaraZis pirad arqivze muS-
aobisas wavawydiT mecnieris Canawerebs, SedgenilT sxvadasxva
dros, gansxvavebul movlenaTa analizisa Tu samecniero Semo-
qmedebiTi mivlinebebis angariSebis momcvels da maTi Seswav-
lis saWiroebac vigrZeniT. es dRiurebi gasuli saukunis meore
naxevris qarTuli saistorio mecnierebis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis, zogadad, qarTveli inteligenciis Tavgadasava-
lia, profesoris mier gancdili, misi TvalzomiT aRqmuli da
Sefasebulic.
3. profesor v. maWaraZis dRiurebi uZvirfasesi wyaroa
ucxoeTis (dR. ruseTi, ukraina, moldova, rumineTi, somxeTi)
siZveleTsacavebSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb daleqili masalebis
Sesaxeb. dRiurebi pirobiTad SeiZleba daiyos sam nawilad
marSrutebis Sesabamisad: I marSruti, sadac aRwerilia 1962
wlis pirveli mogzauroba: Tbilisi, moskovi, kievi, kiSiniovi
(benderi), odesa, nikolaevi (oCakovi, olvia), xersoni, dneprop-
etrovski, kremenCugi, poltava, mirgorodi (zubovka), xarkovi,
simferopoli (evpatoria, ialta, baxCisarai, sevastopoli, qer-
Ci), krasnodari, Tbilisi; imave wlis II naxevarSi (1 agvistodan)
mogzauroba marSrutiT: erevani (marneuli, axtala, alaverdi,
sanaiani, Tumaniani, kalagerani, kirovakani, spitaki, leninakani),
Semdeg (15 agvistodan) CrdiloeT kavkasiasa (vladikavkazi, na-
lCiki, piatigorski, Cerkeski, kislovodski, stavropoli, geor-
gievski, mozdoki, yizlari, grozno) da astraxanSi; mesame dRi-
uri yvelaze vrcelia da masSi aRwerilia mecnieris 1968-1969
wlebis 10-Tviani mivlineba rumineTSi.
73
4. moviyvanT dRiurebSi mimoxiluli siZveleTsacavebis
aRwerilobas: „15 ivnisi (paraskevi) – diliT TbilisSi mol-
davuri wignebi gavgzavne. Semdeg muzeumSi vimuSave. muzeumma
pirdapiri masala Cemi TemisaTvis ver momca, magram saintere-
so iyo masalebis gacnoba – muzeumSia fotofirebi rumiancev-
isa da bagrationis werilebisa da gankargulebebisa, romlebic
ruseT-TurqeTis oms exeba; 23 ivnisi (SabaTi) – dilis 8 saaTze
vtoveb nikolaevs da manqaniT mivdivar xersonisaken (gzaSi ma-
gondeba 20 wlis winaT – 1942 wlis 20-23 ivniss am gzaze rogor
migverekebodnen germanelebi). 25 ivnisi (orSabaTi) – vmuSaob
arqivSi xelnawerebze. „meJevoi” kancelariis fondebi mdidar
masalebs Seicaven samxreTis raionebis dasaxlebebis Sesaxeb –
aq mamulebi miuRiaT Tv. baratovs (baraTaSvils) ingulecze,
Tv. bagrations (1898 wels – 6 aTasi destina); Zvel rukebzea s.
baratovka; Tavadis qali baratova iTxovs – eklesiis aSenebas
da nakveTis Secvlas baRisa da venaxis gasaSeneblad. baratovis
mamulebi ixsenieba 1778-1792 wlebSi (mimowerac exeba 1778-82 da
1792 wlebs); garda amisa, ukrainis axal rukaze ixsenieba laSqa-
revani (iqneb aq laSqarevis mamuli iyo?). 29 ivnisi (paraskevi)
- dnepropetrovskis muzeumis fondebze vimuSave. 30 ivnisi (Sa-
baTi) – diliT arqivSi mivdivar. saqmeebi TiTqos davamTavre,
magram aRmoCnda, rom yofila gadarCenili daRupuli saqmeebis
aRwerilobani, es saqmeebi mowmoben, rom omamde bevrs ipovida
kaci...).
matenadaranSi muSaoba 2 agvistos daviwye. imTaviTve
siZneleebis winaSe aRmovCndi – xelnawerebisa da dokumentebis
aRweriloba mxolod somxur enazea (garda erevnis fondis
qarTuli sabuTebisa). gavecani ericianis (Tbiliseli somexi
yofila, romelsac qarTuli sabuTebi Seugrovebia) fondis
qarTuli sabuTebis aRwerilobas da gamoviwere sabuTebi. na-
SuadRevs davaTvaliere istoriuli muzeumis ganyofileba. 3
agvisto (paraskevi) – vimuSave qarTul sabuTebze...
Cavedi orjonikiZeSi. diliT adre qalaqis daTvalierebas
Sevudeqi. 9 saaTze arqivis direqtorma – Cven araferi gagvaC-
nia, radgan yizlaris komendatis fondis damuSaveba (speciali-
stebis uyolobis gamo) ver SevZeliT da mamedovmac gvajobao
74
(maxaCkalaSi waiRoo), Cveni kuTvnili mozdokis komendantis
fondi ki TbilisSi gaqvT da ar gvibrunebeno... stavropolis mx-
areTmcodneobis muzeumi 1904 wlidan arsebobs, magram sakmaod
mdidaria... viTxove SeesworebinaT sqema («Арабские торговые пути
на Кавказе в Х веке»), romelic istoriuli sinamdvilis gayalbe-
baa – X saukuneSi iseTi somxeTi ar arsebula, romelic samxreT
saqarTvelosa da qarTls moicavda. amasTan mivuTiTe, gasinjeT
wyaroebi da literatura (mxolod ara sabWoTa enciklopediis
statia «Армения», sadac yvelaferi gayalbebulia-meTqi)“.
maia rafava
grigol oSkeli – tao-klarjeTis literaturuli

skolis moRvawe
grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebi – yvela Targmnilia ber-

Znuli enidan xuTi sxvadasxva mTargmnelis mier. Ggamonakliss
warmoadgens ori homilia: Or-7 da Or-27, romlebic Targmnilia
somxuri enidan grigol oSkelis mier. grigol oSkeli X s. moR-
vawe Cans. M
1. oSkelis Targmanebi Semonaxulia orad or xelnawerSi:
A-87 (XI s.) da S-1696 (XI s.). A-87 xelnaweri gadawerilia tao-
klarjeTis skolis kaligrafiuli xeliT 1071 wlis axlo xanebSi
mariam (marTayofilis) dakveTiT. teqstologiur-kodikologi-
uri analiziT gairkva, rom grigol oSkelis Targmanebi xel-
nawerSi CarTulia mogvianebiT imave gadamweris an imave skolis
sxva kaligrafis mier.
2. S-1696 xelnaweri gadawerilia cnobili moRvawis, petre
petrik-yofilis mier, daaxloebiT 1065-1080 wlebSi. safiqrebe-
lia, rom orive xelnaweri gadawerilia konstantinopolSi. A-87
da S-1696 xelnawerebis Seswavlam gamoavlina, rom grigol oS-
75
kelis Targmanebi daculi unda yofiliyo sxva xelnawerebSic,
romelTac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.
3. grigol oSkelis Targmanebis mTargmnelobiTi stili
gansxvavdeba nazianzelis TxzulebaTa sxva qarTveli mTargm-
nelebis stilisagan. igi bevrad Tavisufal Targmans warmoad-
gens, vidre efTvimesa da daviT tbelis, miT umetes, efrem mc-
iris Targmanebisagan. Or-7-is oSkeliseuli Targmanis zogierTi
monacemis mixedviT ki, SesaZleblad migvaCnia somxuri (da, Sesa-
bamisad, berZnuli) originalis gansxvavebuli versiis arsebobis
daSveba.E es faqti uaRresad sayuradReboa, radgan Enazianzelis
TxzulebaTa gansxvavebuli versiebis arsebobis sakiTxi Zalze
aqtualurad ganixileba Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi.
gela saiTiZe
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
ucnobi dokumentebi mixeil TamaraSvilis dekanoz

daviT RambaSiZesa da eqim vaxtang RambaSiZesTan
urTierTobis istoriidan (XIX-XX saukuneebis mijna)
1. gamoCenili mkvlevris, patr mixeil TamaraSvilis, Rvawli-

sa da damsaxurebis Taobaze qarTveli eris winaSe farTod aris
informirebuli Cveni sazogadoebrioba, Tumca samuSao jer am
mimarTulebiT kidev bevria. amis saSualebas iZleva saqarT-
velos xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi misi piradi saar-
qivo fondi. araerT qarTvel moRvawesTan m. TamaraSvilis wer-
ilobiTi urTierTobis gacnoba kidev ufro axleburi kuTxiT
warmoaCens mis saxelsa da saqmeebs.
2. amjerad yuradRebas SevaCerebT Jurnal „mwyemsis“ redaq-
tor-gamomcemlis, dekanoz daviT RambaSiZisa da misi Svilis,
eqimisa da sazogado moRvawis, qarTuli emigraciis TvalsaCino
warmomadgenlis, vaxtang RambaSiZis, werilebze mixeil TamaraS-
vilisadmi.
76
3. werilebi, romelTa saerTo raodenoba aTs aRemateba, 1899-
1910 wlebs ganekuTvneba. amjerad gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
gavamaxvilebT daviT RambaSiZis mier 1899 wlis 19 noembersa da
1901 wlis 24 noembers zestafonidan da vaxtang RambaSiZis mier
1900 wlis 26 noembers da 1907 wlis 22 aprils gagzavnil wer-
ilebze. maTSi araerT saintereso sakiTxzea yuradReba gamax-
vilebuli, romlebic ara marto pirad urTierTobebs hfenen
naTels, aramed saerTo qarTul saqmeebsac Seexebian.
4. magaliTad, daviT RambaSiZis pirvel werilSi gacxade-
bulia is STabeWdilebebi, romlebic mas romSi yofnis dros
miuRia. kerZod, didi survilis miuxedavad, romis papis naxva,
am ukanasknelis SeuZlod yofnis gamo, ver mouxerxebia. d. Ram-
baSiZes moswonebia is, rom „igi ar emorCileba saero wodebis
pirs, an misi xaTrisaTvis qristes mcnebas uars ar yofso“; di-
dad usiamovnebia, agreTve, „frangTa“ (gulisxmobs kaTolikeebs
– g. s.) samRvdeloebis wes-wyobilebiT da maTi eklesiuri wese-
biT“ da sxv.
meore werilSi daviT RambaSiZe mixeil TamaraSvils atyo-
binebs, rom „qarTvel frangebs mouvidaT neba qarTuli wirva-
locvisa. maT aRtacebas sazRvari ara aqvs. es moaxerxa mTa-
varmarTebelma, romelsac erTma gorelma qarTvelma frangis
mRvdelma moaxsena yvelaferi... madloba RmerTs, rom amdeni
qarTveli ar gaasomxes“.
5. rac Seexeba vaxtang RambaSiZis 1900 wlis 26 noembris
werils, esaa erTgvari angariSi axlobeli adamianisadmi imas-
Tan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor SeZlo man SveicariaSi samTo ku-
rortebis daTvaliereba, raTa Semdgom maTi msgavsi saqarT-
veloSi daefuZnebina (am droisaTvis eqimi vaxtang RambaSiZe
emzadeboda kurort patara cemis dasaarseblad – g. s.). „sana-
toriebis saqme mindoda dawvrilebiT gamecno praqtikulad da
kidec Sevasrule es mizani. Tumca didi imedi ara maqvs aq misi
ganxorcielebis, magram mainc Sevisrule es sawadeli da Tu ve-
ras gavxdebi, TavSi mainc damirCes am saqmis codna“, – wers v.
RambaSiZe.
meore werilSi (1907 wlis 22 aprili) vaxtang RambaSiZe
sTxovs mixeil TamaraSvils, raTa daexmaros mas italiur enaze
77
gamomavali „saxalxo samkurnalo da higienuri gamocemebis SeZe-
nasa da gamogzavnaSi“, sadac moTavsebul masalebs gamoiyenebda
„qarTuli samkurnalo furclis“ gamocemisas. kerZod, weril-
Si naTqvami iyo: „minda, davumtkico Cvens mtersa da moZules,
rom qarTuls enazedac SesaZlebelia samecniero Jurnalis ga-
mocema“ da sTxovda: „egeb raime cnobebi gqondesT amokrebili
patrebis eqimobazed Zvelad. didis madlobiT gamoviyenebT
masalad“-o da sxv.
6. moxsenebaSi mokled iqneba yuradReba gamaxvilebuli mama-
Svil daviT da vaxtang RambaSiZeebis Rvawlsa da damsaxurebaze
mSobeli qveynis winaSe, gansakuTrebiT ki, eqim vaxtang Ramba-
SiZeze, romelmac Tavisi cxovrebis didi nawili emigraciaSi
gaatara da qarTveli emigrantebis mkurnali da nugeSismcemeli
iyo mudam. mis xelSi dalia suli Cvenma erovnulma gmirma qa-
quca ColoyaSvilma da bevrma sxva gamoCenilma mamuliSvilma...
goCa saiTiZe
iza aRlaZe
germanisti. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
germaneli mecnieri da mogzauri gustav rade qalaq

arTvinisa da misi Semogarenis Sesaxeb (1893 w.)
1. ruseT-osmaleTis 1877-1878 wlebis omis Semdeg ruseTis

imperiam SeierTa òsmalos saqarTvelos~ ramdenime provincia:
klarjeTi, aWara, kola, artaani, SavSeT-imerxevi, taos nawili.
maTma dabrunebam dedasamSoblosTan qarTveli sazogadoebrio-
bis udidesi sixaruli gamoiwvia. 1878-1921 wlebSi, sanam dasax-
elebuli provinciebi jer ruseTis, xolo Semdeg saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda, aq mog-
zauroba da maTi aRwera saxelmwifoSi mcxovreb nebismier mo-
qalaqes SeeZlo.
78
swored am periodSi Seqmnes TavianTi naSromebi dimitri
baqraZem, zaqaria WiWinaZem, eqvTime TayaiSvilma da niko mar-
ma; qarTul periodikaSi – `droebaSi~, ìveriaSi~ da sxv. – ga-
moaqveynes araerTi statia sergei mesxma, solomon aslaniSvil-
ma (`bavreli~), levan mWedliSvilma, aleqsandre naTaZem, daviT
wereTelma, ivane gvaramaZem (`vinme mesxi~), ivane jaianma, ale-
qsandre yifSiZem (`froneli~), vasil koptonaSvilma, sergi gor-
gaZem, vladimer gogiaSvilma da sxv.; òsmalos saqarTveloSi~
imogzaures da mas sagangebo gamokvlevebi miuZRvnes cnobilma
rusma mkvlevrebma – evgeni veidenbaumma, praskovia uvarovam da
sxv. aRniSnul publikaciebSi moTxrobili da aRwerili iyo omis
Semdeg SemoerTebul mesxeTis teritoriaze mosaxle qarTveli
mahmadianebis yofa-cxovreba, regionis xuroTmoZRvruli Ze-
glebi da a. S.
2. XIX saukunis 70-90-iani wlebis òsmalos saqarTvelos~
Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebs vpoulobT am periodis ramden-
ime dasavleTevropeli mecnieris gamokvlevebSic. maTgan gan-
sakuTrebiT gamovyofdiT gamoCenili germaneli mogzauris,
bunebismetyvelis, eTnografis, geografiuli mecnierebis pop-
ularizatoris, `kavkasiis muzeumis~ (amJamad akad. simon jana-
Sias sax. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis) damaarseblisa da
direqtoris, kavkasiaSi samuzeumo saqmis erT-erTi fuZemdeb-
lis, peterburgis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondentis
– gustav rades (1831-1903 ww.) – naSromebs.
g. rade TbilisSi 1863 wels dasaxlda. im droisaTvis TiTqmis
sruliad Seuswavleli iyo kavkasiis flora, fauna, eTnografia,
geografia. aRniSnuli xarvezis gamosworeba g. radem ikisra,
risTvisac sruliad mkafio, gansazRvruli samoqmedo programa
Seadgina da mas gardacvalebamde, TiTqmis 40 wlis ganmavloba-
Si, axorcielebda. g. radem kavkasiis Seswavlis mizniT pirve-
lad 1864 wels kolxeTis dablobze, md. rionis, cxeniswylisa
da enguris xeobebSi imogzaura. SemdgomSi man sxvadasxva dros
kidev 17 samecniero eqspedicia moawyo, romelTa drosac TiTq-
mis mTeli kavkasia Seiswavla. eqspediciebis amsaxvel Sedegebs
g. rade aqveynebda rogorc wignebis, ise statiebis saxiT cno-
bil rusul da germanulenovan samecniero gamocemebSi.
79
3. erT-erTi kompleqsuri samecniero eqspedicia g. radem
moawyo 1893 wlis 3 aprilidan 16 agvistomde kolxeTis dablobze,
aWaraSi, Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze. mogzaurobis dRi-
uri man eqspediciis wevrTan, `kavkasiis muzeumis~ mcvelTan - e.
kenigTan - TanaavtorobiT gamoaqveyna 1894 wels goTaSi gamoma-
val cnobil germanul samecniero JurnalSi `Dr. A. Petermanns Mit-
teilungen aus Justus Perthes Geographischer Anstalt~ (#112), saxelwodebiT
`Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiro da misi kulturuli ganviTa-
reba ukanaskneli 30 wlis manZilze~ (`Das Ostufer des Pontus und seine
kulturelle Entwicklung im Verlaufe der letzten dreissig Jahre~). g. rades aRniS-
nuli naSromi Cven aRmovaCineT 2005 wels germaniaSi, zaarlandis
universitetSi, samecniero mivlinebis dros da am moxsenebiT
pirvelad Semogvaqvs samecniero brunvaSi.
metad farToa naSromSi (igi Sedgeba Sesavlisa da 6 Tavisagan)
ganxiluli sakiTxebis speqtri. Cven momavalSi vgegmavT g. rades
am metad mniSvnelovani naSromis srulad Targmnasa da saTanado
sakvlevi aparatis darTviT samecniero mimoqcevaSi Semotanas.
4. amjerad Cvens gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs naSromis
mesame TavSi arsebuli cnobebi amJamad TurqeTis respublikis
SemadgenlobaSi moqceuli qalaq arTvinisa da misi Semogarenis
Sesaxeb (gv. 36-49), sadac g. radem 1893 wlis 22-23 maiss imogzaura.
ALeksandr Saminsky
Andrey Rublev Museum. Moscow, Russia
Illuminated manuscripts from Kalipos

in a perspective of Byzantine art
Three illuminated Gospel manuscripts issued from the Georgian Monastery

of the Virgin in Kalipos near Antioch have come down to us: A 484 and S 962 in
the National Center of Manuscripts, Tbilisi, both dated from 1054, and No. 76 at
the Museum of History and Ethnology in Kutaisi, from 1060. Originated from the
same foundation during a short period of time, the manuscripts, instead of consti-
80
tuting a homogenous group, are strikingly different as to their miniatures. In the
splendid volume A 484 the evangelists’ portraits, judging by their style and quality,
have been painted by an outstanding artist from Constantinople. In the small but
lavishly decorated book S 962 another excellent artist from the Byzantine capital
seems to have been at work. Yet neither his only miniature nor the second one
painted by an apprentice has no evident connection to the evangelists in A 484.
In the Kutaisi Gospel the ornament-like treatment of folds of the evangelists’ gar-
ments reminding of Georgian chasing points to a master who had recently come
to Antioch from Georgia. In figure types of the evangelists this painter followed
Byzantine practice but no impact of the miniatures in the luxurious books written
in Kalipos a few years earlier can be detected in his miniatures. The only conclu-
sion that could be drawn from the materials observed so far, as long as we stay
within the Kalipos group, is that by the 1050’s – 1060’ there was no established
tradition of miniature painting in the Georgian Monastery of the Virgin. The fact
is remarkable as the Monastery was a prolific center of literary activity attested in
documents since 1040.
However, if we look at them in a broader perspective of Byzantine art, the
manuscripts from Kalipos will represent a consistent picture. A key to the prob-
lem is the Greek Gospel Lectionary in Florence, Laurenziana Library, Med. Palat.
244, for it was this manuscript that had once served as a model for the painter of
Kutaisi No. 76. The Florence Lectionary must have been intended for an important
cathedral to be read by a high dignitary of the church on the most important events
of the church calendar. For this reason it contains an unusually narrow selection of
lections for twenty two days of the year only, and the text is written throughout in
gold on large sheets of excellent parchment, ten lines of spectacular script per page.
In the early fourteenth century the manuscript was donated from Constantinople to
Trebizond to be read in the cathedral of the city, and belonged to the Metropolitan.
Three centuries earlier it may have served the same purpose in the Cathedral of St.
Peter in Antioch.
The Florence Lectionary has been recently identified as a twin of the manu-
script in Moscow, Historical Museum, Syn. 511.1 This book was brought to the
1
А. В. Захарова, «Греческое Евангелие-апракос из Государственного истори
ческого музея. История, кодикология, текст и декоративное оформление»,
in Художественное наследие. Хранение, исследования, реставрация, No. 20
(Moscow, 2003), pp. 7-19.
81
Russian capital by the Metropolitan Cyprian in1391 from the library of St. Sophia
Cathedral in Constantinople.1 It seems likely that both exceptional manuscripts
have been created in the immediate circle of the Constantinopolitan Patriarch to be
used in the Great Church, and, by means of distribution to great ecclesiastical cen-
ters of the Orthodox world, to enforce the unity of liturgical practice. Antioch, as
the capital of the huge ancient Patriarchate reconquered by the empire in 969 after
three centuries of Muslim occupation, was the most important object of Byzantine
ecclesiastical policy of assimilation during late tenth and eleventh century.
The Florence and Moscow Lectionaries have been tentatively dated to late
1160’s – 1070’s. The Georgian copies of the Florence miniatures in the Kutaisi
Gospel attest a date no later than 1060 for its model and most probably for the mod-
el’s sister manuscript in Moscow, as it seems to have been written first. While the
composition of St. John miniature in Tbilisi Gospel A 484 from 1054 still follows
a tradition established in the Macedonian age, the iconography of this evangelist in
both Lectionaries heralds a new age in the development of Byzantine art. The two
manuscripts must have been written a few years later than Tbilisi A 484, close to
the moment, when the Florence copy was sent from Constantinople to Antioch and
served as a model for the miniatures of Kutaisi Gospel.
The origin and date of the Byzantine model used for the Kutaisi Gospel exem-
plify what sort of Byzantine book-painting Georgian monks in Kalipos were inter-
ested in. It was the latest and most accomplished art of Constantinople practiced at
the Patriarchal See that attracted their attention. The testimony is corroborated by
the refined quality of miniatures in Tbilisi A 484 and S 962. Viewed in this perspec-
tive, the Georgian Monastery of the Virgin in Kalipos seems to have been a true
foyer of Constantinopolitan miniature-painting in Antioch.
1
А. Л. Саминский, «Евангелие из библотеки Святой Софии Константинопольской
в Москве конца XIV века». The article is submitted for publication in Россия и
Христианский восток, vol. IV (Moscow).
82
nestan sulava
saqarTvelo
filipe beTlemelis sagaloblis TvalTa da

ferTametyveleba qristianuli ferweris
konteqstSi
1. sinis mTis or qarTul xelnawerSi, iadgarebSi – Sin-59

da sin.-64 – daculia filipe beTlemelis yovladwminda RvTism-
Soblis mier macxovris Sobisadmi miZRvnili Teqvsmetmarcvliani
maRali SairiT Sesrulebuli cametstriqoniani mravalmxriv
mniSvnelovani sagalobeli. masSi cameti striqonis arsebobas
simboluri datvirTva aqvs, igi macxovrisa da misi Tormeti
mowafis aluziaa. filipe beTlemelis sagalobeli X saukunis
sinur xelnawerSi dacul georgis sagalobelTan (sin.-34) erTad
qarTuli leqsmcodneobis TvalsazrisiTac sayuradReboa, rad-
gan isini maRali SairiT Sesrulebuli sagaloblebia.
2. sagalobeli TvalTa da ferTa saxismetyvelebiTi Tvals-
azrisiT iqcevs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas. masSi yovladwminda
RvTismSobeli ramdenime Zvirfasi Tvlis xat-saxiTa da ferebiT
warmoidgineba, rac uSualod ukavSirdeba qristianul ferw-
eras. sagulisxmoa, rom sagaloblisa da ferweris mimarTebaTa
kvleva momavlis perspeqtivad gvesaxeba, filipes sagalobeli
ki am TvalsazrisiT myar safuZvels iZleva, risTvisac saWi-
roa freskul xelovnebasa da xatebTan sagaloblis SedarebiTi
Seswavla. filipes sagaloblis Tematikis, ferebis, Zvirfasi Tv-
lebis saxismetyvelebis gaTvaliswinebiT igi Seswavlilia yov-
ladwminda RvTismSoblis ivironis xatTan, gelaTur freskasTan,
agreTve, RvTismSoblis mier macxovris Sobis xatebTan Sedar-
ebiT, romlebzedac RvTismSobeli erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul
ferebSia warmosaxuli.
3. sagalobelSi moxseniebuli Zvirfasi Tvlebi – iakinTi
da Zoweuli – bibliuri aaronis samkerdulze ganlagebul 12
TvalTagan uaRresad mniSvnelovania, radgan swored maTi meS-
83
veobiT simbolurad moiniSneba yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa da
misgan macxovris Sobis saidumlo.
4. sagalobelSi yovladwminda RvTismSobeli oqrosferisa
da mewamulis SerwymiTaa warmoCenili, xolo Zvirfas TvalTa-
gan iakinTi da Zoweuli orgvari gaazrebis saSualebas iZleva,
radgan isini sakraluri mniSvnelobisaa; erTi mxriv, rogorc
Zvirfasi Tvlebi, simbolurad yovladwminda RvTismSoblis ge-
nealogias aRniSnaven, meore mxriv, rogorc Zvirfas TvalTa
ferebi, simbolurad qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis kvalobaze
zesTasoflur, zeciur arsebobas, sulierebas miuTiTeben.
5. am Zvirfas TvalTa simbolurobas droisa da sivrcis
TvalsazrisiTac ganvixilavT, radgan iakinTi da Zoweuli,
rogorc Tvlebi da rogorc ferebi, erTdroulad yovladw-
minda RvTismSoblis saxeobriv sivrcul samyarosa da mis mier
macxovris Sobis misteriis maradiulobas gulisxmobs. Zoweu-
liT yovladwminda RvTismSobelTan dakavSirebuli wminda ad-
gili – nazareTi xarebis adgilad warmoisaxeba, radgan swored
aq amcno gabriel mTavarangelozma mariams momavali RvTism-
Sobloba; iakinTi ki, rogorc iudas CamomavalTa Tvali, be-
TlemSi macxovris Sobis winaswarmetyvelebasa da RvTisagan mis
gamorCeulobaze miniSnebaa.
84
levan uruSaZe
saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
qarTuli kulturis dauRalavi popularizatori

(elene wereTeli)
naSromi eZRvneba belgiaSi moRvawe cnobili qarTveli

musikismcodnis, evropaSi qarTuli musikaluri kulturis dau-
Ralavi popularizatoris, elene (ela) wereTlis (1911-1975),
saintereso da mravalmxriv cxovrebas. sagulisxmoa, rom 2011
wlis 9 ivniss Sesrulda 100 weli misi dabadebidan. samwuxarod,
am SesaniSnavi mandilosnis mniSvnelovani Rvawli qarTuli kul-
turis winaSe ucnobia qarTveli sazogadoebisTvis. mas icnobs
specialistTa viwro wre.
naSromi efuZneba qarTul emigrantul publikaciebs, evro-
pis kulturologiuri gamocemebis monacemebsa da moxsenebis
avtoris ojaxSi arsebul informacias el. wereTlis Sesaxeb.
elene wereTeli, romelic warmoSobiT gaxldaT WiaTuris
raionis sofel sveridan, aqtiurad ikvlevda qarTuli musikal-
uri kulturis istorias da eweoda mis farTo popularizacias
1960-1975 wlebSi. igi arCeuli iyo belgiis musikismcodneobis
samefo sazogadoebisa da parizis eTnomusikis Semswavleli
sazogadoebis namdvil wevrad. leqciebs kiTxulobda briuseli-
sa da luvenis universitetebis studentebisTvis. garda amisa,
eweoda nayofier mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobas. misi statiebi da
Targmanebi qveyndeboda evropul samecniero periodikaSi da qa-
rTul emigrantul gamocemebSi (JurnalebSi „bedi qarTlisa“ da
„kavkasioni“). evropis wamyvan centrebSi xSirad tardeboda misi
sajaro leqciebi, romlebic eZRvneboda qarTul musikalur
kulturasa da mxatvrul literaturas.
el. wereTels mWidro urTierToba hqonda qarTuli emigra-
ciis gamoCenil warmomadgenlebTan: mixeil (mixako) wereTelTan,
viqtor da giorgi nozaZeebTan, kalistrate da nino saliebTan,
markoz tuRuSTan, kita CxenkelTan, irakli oTxmezurTan….
elene wereTeli dakrZalulia belgiis qalaq surbrodSi.
85
Stig Simeon Frøyshov
Faculty of Theology, University of Oslo. Norway
Iovane Zosime: Profile of an Erudite Georgian

Scribe of 10th c. Palestine
Iovane Zosime is undoubtedly the most important known Georgian scribe of

the 10th century. After what seems to be an early stay in the Shatberdi monastery, he
laboured several decades at the Great Lavra of St. Sabas in Palestine, until moving
late in life to the Theotokos cenobion of Mount Sinai. Zosime was a prolific and
knowledgable scribe, particularly active within the realm of liturgical books. His
work has the advantage, for the researcher, of containing numerous and sometimes
lengthy notes, colophons and “testaments”.
The paper aims at creating a profile of Zosime as liturgical scribe. First, a sur-
vey is given of the manuscripts he wrote (alone or together with others), edited, or
annotated. Second, an attempt is done to determine what were Zosime’s concerns
and interests as a liturgical scribe. For instance, it is a fact that while other scribes
still copied Ancient Iadgari mss in a more or less contemporary period, Zosime
within hymnography only copied NEW Iadagaris (except the Ancient Iadgari of
Sinai Georgian 34, however mostly with incipits). This may be interpreted as Zo-
sime being alert to the liturgical evolution that had taken place among the Greeks
in Palestine and that was underway among the Georgians of this region. Further,
Zosime was in this way no “Old Ritualist” but one preferring the new material. This
is seen also in the Lectionary Sinai 37 of 982, in which Zosime in a hymnographi-
cal supplement includes material from the New Iadgari, contrary to the Ancient
Iadgari hymnography normally being prescribed by the Georgian Lectionaries of
Jerusalem tradition. Further, when working at Sinai a little earlier, in 977, Zos-
ime copied Sinai 47, which contains the Sunday morning resurrection Gospels and
the surrounding psalmody, hymnody and prayers, and which, he says, follows the
Greek ordo of Mount Sinai, apparently different from an earlier ordo followed by
Georgian monks. Finally, in a well-known note to the Liturgy of St. James in the
Graz Univ. Library 2058/4 of 985, Zosime admits that he finds many elements lack-
ing from the original to be copied, that is, Zosime was familiar with, and preferred,
a newer redaction of this Liturgy.
86
Third, Zosime’s relation to the Vorlage – liberty versus fidelity – will be dis-
cussed. In the case of the Graz 2058/4 just mentioned, the commissioner empha-
sized his desire that Zosime would copy the original in its exact wording. It would
seem that the commissioner made this clear because he knew that Zosime had
a tendency of altering the original. In this paper a special case will be made of
the Horologion (Jamni) of Sinai 34, which has two layers: one original and one
corrective. In the first place, and this adds to the first part of the paper (Zosime’s
production): it will be argued that Zosime was in fact the scribe of BOTH layers
of the Horologion, contrary to what has hitherto been thought, including by myself
in my doctoral thesis (2003, still unpublished), in which I edited this Horologion.
The whole Horologion, and not only the second layer, should therefore be seen as
a work of Zosime. In a lengthy “testament”, Zosime does explain that he actually
wrote the Horologion (=first layer), and that he did it in his youth and with much
liberty in relation to Vorlage or actual practice (of Shatberdi’s monks). The attribu-
tion to Zosime of both layers of the Horologion requires a discussion of paleogra-
phy, the two layers being of fairly, but not unsurmountably, different handwritings,
and of the epithet “xucesi” used by the scribe of the first layer (iovane xucesi).
Zosime seems to display a certain degree of liberty as liturgical scribe.
Fourth, Zosime shows his erudition by his many notes and comments concern-
ing the content of liturgical books. For instance, it is to him that we owe a con-
temporary awareness of the distinction between the old and the new hymnography
(Iadgari).
Tamaz futkaraZe
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti.
baTumi, saqarTvelo
Psisxlis aRebis tradicia da pirovnebis socialuri

statusis transformaciis zogierTi sakiTxi
(borCxisa da murRulis masalebis mixedviT)
ama Tu im xalxis materialuri da sulieri ganviTarebis

gzebsa da xasiaTs gansazRvraven tradiciul-yofiTi kultur-
is calkeuli mxareebi. isini ara marto gamoxataven socialur
87
urTierTobaTa adaT-wesebis normebs, aramed xels uwyoben ki
dec maT ganmtkicebaSi.
savele monacemebiT vlindeba, rom borCxasa da murRulSi
qarTvelebi mozardebs bavSvobidanve aswavlian Sromismoyva-
reobas, gamtanobasa da Seupovrobas, ojaxis interesebis dac-
vas, colqmruli Ralatis SemTxvevaSi – SurisZiebas da a. S.
mkvlelobebi xdeboda sakarmidamo nakveTis sazRvarTan
(`sinorTan”) dakavSirebuli gaugebrobebis, colqmruli Rala-
tis, adamianuri Rirsebis Selaxvis, pirovnebis Seuracxyofisa
da sxva msgavsi mizezebis gamo. zogjer xdeboda mkvlelis//
fidas daqiravebac, romelic garkveuli sazRauris fasad aRas-
rulebda SekveTil mkvlelobebs.
msgavsi movlenebis amsaxveli araerTi eTnografiuli faq-
ti dafiqsirda SavSeTisa da borCxis qarTul mosaxleobaSi.
pirovnebis socialuri statusis cvlileba socialur Tu eko-
nomikur Ffaqtorebs ukavSirdeba. am SemTxvevaSi transformaciis
veqtori statusis dakninebiskenaa mimarTuli.A aseT dros Temi
erTiania. sxvaTa miwebis an saerTo sargeblobis mqone miwebis
Seviwroebis xarjze sakuTari ekonomikuri pirobebis gaumjobe-
seba TemisaTvis miuRebelia, Tumca arc mkvlelobaa gamarTle-
buli. Aamitomac mkvleli iZulebuli xdeba miatovos mama-papis
kera da sxvagan gadasaxldes, radgan igi ukve aris `duSmaniani~.
pirovnebis gandidebasa Tu dakninebasTan dakavSirebuli termi-
nebi: deliyani, duSmaniani, uxmari, xeisuzi – istoriul Wril-
Si warmoSobili erTi uwyveti jaWvis saxiTaa warmodgenili. igi
iwyeba `TemisaTvis saWiro idealuri pirovnebis modelirebiT
(deliyani, vaJkaci, saxeliani) da iZens socialur Sinaarss~.
borCxa-murRulis masalebi naTlad Cans, rom iq jer kidev
myaradaa SemorCenili adaTobrivi samarTlis normebi. saukunee-
bis manZilze dakninebuli tradiciebidan gadaxra, individual-
izmis gamovlineba, mosaxleobaSi iwvevs uaryofiT reaqcias.
88
eTer qavTaraZe
grigol robaqiZis axali saarqivo masalebi
grigol robaqiZis fenomeni, rogori sxvadasxvagvaric unda

iyos mkiTxvelis damokidebuleba misi Semoqmedebis mimarT, gan-
sakuTrebuli movlenaa XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis is-
toriaSi.
grigol robaqiZe itevs XX saukunis I naxevris qarTuli
literaturis yvela problemas. Tu ara misi Semoqmedebis siR-
rmiseuli analizi, srulyofili ver iqneba qarTuli liter-
arturis am monakveTis istoria. amgvari analizi SeuZlebelia
dokumenturi masalis gareSe. grigol robaqiZem cxovrebis ume-
tesi nawili emigraciaSi gaatara, rac xels uSlis misi danato-
vari saarqivo masalis erTad Tavmoyrasa da gaazrebas. amitom
misi cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb yoveli axali dokumen-
tis gamovlena ganuzomel mniSvnelobas iZens.
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi arsebuli da axlad mopove-
buli masalis safuZvelze SesaZlebeli gaxda grigol robaqiZis
piradi arqivis Seqmna. masalis ZiriTadi nawili – 200 werilze
meti sxvadasxva pirTan da sxvadasxva pirTa 100 werili grigol
robaqiZesTan, Tavis droze nino da kalistrate saliebma ga-
dasces xelnawerTa instituts. am koleqciaSi Sedis, agreTve,
grigol robaqiZis ramdenime mxatvruli nawarmoebi, esei da fo-
tosuraTi. arqivs SeuerTda grigol robaqiZis xelnawerTa in-
stitutSi daculi 50 werili qeTevan amirejibTan, arCil jor-
jaZesa da imereTis episkopos giorgisTan.
es masala, rogorc istoriis erTi dasrulebuli monakveTis
matiane, saSualebas iZleva, cocxlad ganvicadoT am istoriis
detalebi. is ara mxolod Tavad grigol robaqiZis cxovrebisa
da Semoqmedebis detalebs gvacnobs, aramed naTel warmodgenas
iZleva qarTvel emigrantTa yofasa da saqmianobaze.
89
nino qavTaria
vatikanis biblioTekis qarTuli oTxTavis

gaformeba (Vat.Iberico I) da Savi mTis mxatvruli
skolis tradiciebi
vatikanis biblioTekis saganZurSi qarTuli xelnaweri piet-

ro dela vales ar qi
vidan moxvda. oTxTavis gadaweris adgili
da Sesrulebis dro SemorCenili anderZ-minawerebidan ar Cans.
asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli anderZi 279r gverdze mxolod ga
damwerisa da momgeblis saxels gvamcnobs:
d(ide)b(a)¡ Senda o(fal)o:. daesru|la w(mida)¡ s(a)x(a)reb(a)¡
oTxT(a)vi: | £eliTa uRirsisa m(i)q(ae)l d(ia)k(o)nis(a)¡Ta: s(u)
lierisa: Zmi|sa keTilisa berisa s¢me|onisT¢s: R(merTma)n Seawien
| w(mida)ni m(a)x(a)reb(e)lni: da a£|maren nebasa Sina | R(mr)Tisasa
w(mida)¡ ese s(a)x(a)reb(a)¡ a(me)n:
saxarebis teqsts araerT adgilas erTvis xelnaweris momge-
blis, svimeonis, minaweri qristesadmi Sewynarebis TxovniT (90v,
92r, 221r). xelnawers mogviano xanis minawerebic axlavs.
anderZ-minawerebis uqonloba TiTqosda arTulebs xel-
naweris zust lokalizacia-atribucias; monacemebis garkveva-
dazustebaSi gvexmareba xelnawerSi CarTuli mxatvruli gafor-
mebis detalebi, ZiriTadad, kamarebi, Tavsamkauli da sa zedao
asoebi. maTze dayrdnobiT danamdvilebiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT,
rom vatikanis qarTuli oTxTavi Savi mTis (antioqia) mxatvruli
skolis naxelavi da am skolis mxatvruli tradiciebis gamgrZe-
lebelia. misi qronologiuri CarCo em T
xve
va am skolis ay-
vavebis xanas – XI s. Suaxanebs. Sav mTasTan xelnaweris kavSirze
migvaniSnebs erT-erT minawerSi (f.289) moxseniebuli netari
s¢meoni da misi deda marTa, Sav mTaze monastruli cxo vrebis
damamkvidrebelni.
sainteresoa, rom XI s. 30-iani wlebidan ganaxlebuli Savi
mTis (anti oq
iis) qa
rTuli kerebidan xelnawerTa sakmaod mniS-
vnelovani jgufia mo R
we
ul i. maT Soris ki ga
nsakuTrebul yu-
90
radRebas mxatvrulad gaformebuli oTxTavebi ipyroben. am
mxaris qa rTul skriptoriumebSi gadanusxuli da Semkuli ko
deqsebi qarTuli miniaturuli mxatvrobis gamorCeul wres qm-
nian.
vatikanis biblioTekis qarTuli kodeqsi mWidro kavSirs av-
lens Savi mTis, ga n
sa
ku
Tre
biT ki, kaliposis monastris skrip-
toriumidan gamosuli xelnawerebi s jgufTan – alaverdis oTx-
Tavi (A-484), 1053-54 ww; S-962, 1054 w.; AH-2806, XI s. II nax.; A-516,
XII-XIII ss.; saxasiaTo niSnebi Cans 1070 w. qa r
Tul xelnawerSi
(Щук.760) mo s
kov
is istoriuli muzeumidan da sinis mTis be r
Znuli kodeqsis, Cod.Gr.-158-is, gaformebaSic.
Vat.Iberico I xelnawerisaTvis niSandoblivia TaRovani moCar-
CoebiT gamoyofili evsebiosis orgverdiani werili karpiane-
sadmi, ToTxmet gverdze ganawi lebuli kamaraTa seria; xe lna
werSi ver vxedavT maxarebelTa portretebs.
evsebiosis werilis moCarCoeba msgavsia S-962 xelnaweris
werilis moCarCoebisa; xolo kamarebi formiT, arqiteqtoni-
kiTa da ornamentuli dekoriT ga moZaxils po u
lobs Savi mTis
skolidan gamosuli TiTqmis yvela xelnaweris gaformebasTan.
erTmaneTis pirispir ganawilebul kamaraTa raodenoba (14)
da triumfaluri Ta Ris saxiT warmodgenili maTi struqtura
kvlav am mxatvruli skolis mimdevrobas avlens. TiToeuli
maTgani oriarusiani Sewyvilebuli gare kolonebisagan Sedgeba,
romelTac sworkuTxa antablementi eyrdnoba. analogiur for-
mas vxedavT evsebiosis orgverdiani werilis gaformebaSic. bi-
zantiuri (e. w. sasanuri) palmeti, liturgikuli sacecxlurebi,
antablementisa da Tavsamkaulis aqcentireba ayvavebuli mcire
jvrebiT vatikanis kodeqss kidev ufro aaxloebs am jgufTan.
kamaraTa Taviseburi forma am skolis xelnawerebis damakav-
Sirebeli da sxva skolis xelnawerebisagan ganmasxvavebeli niSa-
nia. amgvar konstruqcias Savi mTis xelnawerebamde ver vxedavT.
msgavsi formebi Cans sinis mTis koleqciis arabul saxa re
baTa
ilustraciebSi (#14, 16), berZnul saxarebaSi (Cod.Gr.158), Cod.
Gr.-70 prinstonis Se idis biblioTekidan, aTenis erovnuli bib-
lioTekis Cod.-57, venis erovnul biblioTekis Cod.Theol.Gr.-154;
CvenSi ki amgvari midgoma tbeTis I oTxTavis ka maraTa ga for
91
me
ba
Si gvxvdeba, aseve – 1070 w. qarTul xelnawerSi moskovis
istoriuli muzeumidan.
sayuradReboa, rom oriarusian sistemasTan dakavSirebiT
qristianuli antioqiis egzegetikur literaturaSi samyaro
moiazreba oriarusian nagebobad, sadac qveda fena mokvdavTaT-
vis, xolo zeda RvTaebrivi arsebaTaTvis iyo gamoyofili.
aseve, Tu Tvals mivadevnebT X-XI ss. tao-klarjuli arq-
iteqturuli Zeglebis fasadTa gaformebas, maTSi naTlad Cans
Sewyvilebuli kolonebiT fasadTa Semkuloba.
naTelia, rom am ori regionis mxatvrul-filosofiuri
Sexedulebebis Se rwy
mam xeli Seuwyo Savi mTis xelnawerebis
kamaraTa Taviseburi mxatvruli saxis Seqmnas. maTi 14 gverdze
ganawileba ki simbolurad im 14 modgmasTan kavSirSi ganixile
ba, romlebic, saxarebis Tanaxmad, macxovris movlinebas uZRo-
da win.
amdenad, vatikanis biblioTekaSi daculi qarTuli oTxTavi
kidev erTi TvalsaCino nimuSia Savi mTis qarTuli skriptorium-
isa, romelic mkafiod asaxavs am skolis mxatvrul tradiciebsa
da iq moRvawe xelovan-mwignobarTa saqmianobas.
merab RaRaniZe
ilias saxelmwifo universiteti. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
Teofile xucesmonazvniseuli „metafrasis~

Sesavali da anderZi: teqstebis struqtura da
Teologiur-sulieri Sinaarsi
aTonuri qarTuli memkvidreobis gaRrmavebulma Seswavlam,

romelsac axali biZgi misca 1981 wels iq Senaxul xelnawerTa
fotopirebis saqarTveloSi Camotanam, manamde ucnobi Tu xel-
miuwvdomeli teqstebis gamomzeurebisa da kvlevis saSualeba
mogvca. maT Soris mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda masala, romelic XI
saukunis qarTveli mwerlis, Teofile xuces-monazvnis, saxels
92
ukavSirdeba. faseuli informacia misi vinaobisa da saqmiano-
bis Sesaxeb da, uwinares yovlisa, misi originaluri teqstebi
– xelnawerTa Sesavlebis, anderZebisa Tu minawerebis saxiT –
aRmoCnda swored axlad mopovebul aTonur xelnawerebSi. am
masalis safuZvelze daiwera axali naSromebi Teofiles Sesax-
eb (ivane lolaSvili, nargiza goguaZe, elene metreveli, soso
maxaraSvili...). am kvlevaTa Sedegad axleburad gamoikveTa am
TiTqmis ucnobi mwerlis vinaoba da misi literaturul-kul-
turuli Rvawli.
aTonuri xelnaweri Ath-20, romelic hagiografiul Txzule-
baTa krebuls – seqtembris Tvis wmindanTa cxovrebis metafra-
sul gadamuSavebaTa nakrebs – warmoadgens, Teofileseuli av-
tografia, romelsac Tavad mTargmneli „metafrass“ uwodebs
da romelic daTariRebulia 1081 wliT. krebulis Targmani
konstantinopolSia Sesrulebuli („iTargmna ukuჱ wigni ese
metafrasi qalaqsa Sina sameufosa konstantinepoles“), Tumca
xelnaweri aTonze inaxeba. krebuls win uZRvis vrceli Sesav-
ali, xolo bolos erTvis kidev ufro vrceli anderZi, rom-
lebic ramdenjerme gamoica da romelTac saSualeba misces
mkvlevrebs, swored maT safuZvelze aRedginaT mwerlis bio-
grafia.
amjerad aRmocenda saWiroeba, aTonis sulierebis kvlevis
konteqstSi Seswavlil iqnes xsenebuli teqstebis struqtu-
ra da maTi Teologiur-sulieri Sinaarsi. analizis amgvarad
warmarTvis saSualebas Tavad avtori iZleva, radgan igi mkafi-
od msjelobs sakuTari saqmianobis sulier sawyisebze, miznebsa
da daniSnulebaze.
uwinaresad, aRsaniSnavia qristianuli dogmatikis is fuZem-
debluri debulebebi, romlebic Teofileseul teqstebSia
asaxuli. mwerali sagangebo yuradRebas miapyrobs, rom qris-
tianuli sarwmunoebis moZRvreba emyareba rogorc wminda
werils, ise wminda gadmocemas. magram Zveli aRTqma („ZuelTa
sjuli“) ara marto qristianuli moZRvrebis safuZvelia, aramed
qristianuli tradiciisac, romlis kidev erT wyarosa da Se-
madgenel nawils romauli samarTali warmoadgens. mwerali mas
dadebiTad afasebs, da ara marto kanonierebis uzrunvelyofis
93
TvalsazrisiT, aramed Tundac imitom, rom swored am samarT-
lebrivma kulturam ganapiroba, mowameTa gasamarTlebis oqmebi
daculiyo saxelmwifo arqivebSi. Tavad wmindanebis cxovreba
– rogorc nawili wminda gadmocemisa – sulierad gaanaTlebs
mkiTxvels da maTi sulieri Rirebuleba eklesiaSi wminda weri-
lisas utoldeba: „sworad saxarebisa pativ-scemen“.
TvalsaCinoa Teofiles mimarTeba eSmakis mimarT (anderZSi
igi mas moixseniebs, rogorc samaels da rogorc eSmaks): mwer-
lisaTvis cxadia misi warmmarTveli mniSvneloba, erTi mxriv,
imperiis xelisufalTa mier qristianTa devnaSi, xolo, meore
mxriv, mwvaleblobaTa warmoSobaSi.
marTalia, mTargmneli Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis
gamo ugulebelyofs sakuTar sulier zrdaze uSualo zrun-
vas (`dauteve zrunva¡ sulisa Cemisa¡~; Sdr. iovane aTonelis
anderZi, sadac gansxvavebuli damokidebulebaa gamJRavnebuli:
`Sroma¡ didi vaCueneT amas zeda sa£senebelad sulisa Cuenisa~
– Ath-32), magram, Teofile xucesmonazvnis azriT, wmindanTa
cxovrebis gaSualeba emsaxureba wmindanTa mxridan morwmun-
eTaTvis sulieri Semweobis aRmoCenas.
nino yuloSvili
diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris
aparati. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
heruli saflavebis qvebi da mravalenovani

epitafiebi, rogorc „politkoreqtuli“
eTnologiis kvlevis wyaro
eTnografiis, saintereso dargs warmoadgens saflavis qvebi

an, rogorc mas uwodeben, lodebi. saflavis qvebi qristiano-
bis wina periodidan dRemde saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi gamoiy-
eneba. misi forma, ZiriTadad, brtyeli, mogrZo oTxkuTxedia.
zomebi yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxvaa: bavSvisa – pa-
94
tara, didisa – didi. aris kubis formis saflavis qvebi, rom-
lebsac „qvakuboebs“ uwodeben. rogorc wesi, saflavis qvebs
warwerebi – epitafiebi aqvs, magram arsebobs uwarwero qve-
bic, romlebzedac sxvadasxva Sinaarsis mqone grafikuli kom-
poziciebia amokveTili.
Cveni kvlevis sagania azerbaijanSi, istoriul hereTSi
(dRevandeli saingilo), kerZod, kaxis raionSi arsebuli Zveli
saflavebis qvebis epitafiebis, rogorc eTnologiis erT-erTi
segmentis, Seswavla.
saflavebis epitafiebi inaxavs monacemebs, romlebic am is-
toriuli kuTxis mkvlevarTaTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis
Semcvelia, miT umetes, roca megobari qveynis zogierTi mec-
nieri adgilobriv qarTvelebsa da istoriul Zeglebs albanur
warmomavlobas ukavSirebs.
Sesaswavlia aseve qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis
ezoebSi arsebuli saflavebis epitafiebic.
moxseneba miznad isaxavs:
• aRniSnuli TematikiT qarTveli mecnierebis dainteresebas;
• epitafiebis mkvlevarTa samecniero eqspediciebis organi-
zebas;
• kaxis raionSi mdebare sasaflaoebis epitafiebis foto-
fiqsacias;
• sakiTxis eTnologiur Seswavlasa da masalebis samecniero
kvlevisTvis momzadebas.
naSromSi ganxilulia sami geografiuli areali:

• kaxis raionSi arsebuli wm. giorgis sax. eklesiis ezo-
Si mdebare ingilo moRvaweTa panTeoni (aRniSnul panTeonSi
dakrZaluli arian: ivane buluRaSvili, mixeil yuloSvili,
nikoloz yuloSvili, sofio konWoSvili–yuloSvili da sxva
Rirseuli mamuliSvilebi). panTeonSi arsebuli saflavis qvebi,
ZiriTadad, bareliefuria.
• eklesiebis ezoebSi mdebare saflavebi (panTeonSi arse-
buli saflavebis garda, wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis ezoSi
mRvdelmsaxurebisa da xuroTmoZRvarTa samarxebic arsebobs.
bareliefuri saflavis qvebi gvxvdeba, agreTve sofel alibe-
95
glos wm. ninos sax. sofel qoToqlos samebis eklesiebis ezoeb-
Si. aRsaniSnavia, rom xSiria saflavis lodze micvalebulis mwo-
liare saxiT amokveTis SemTxvevebi. eklesiebis ezoebSi gvxvdeba
obeliskis saxis memorialebic.
• samaruani (ingiloebi sasaflaos „samaruans“ uwodeben).
sanevis sasaflaosTan dakavSirebul etimologias adgilobrive-
bi ase xsnian: sanevis samarovani mdebareobs samebis saxelobis
eklesiasTan, adgilobrivebi am eklesias `kasris saydarsac~
uwodeben. kakur kilokavSi daboloebisas „b“-s nacvlad „v“
gamoiyeneba da sameba TandaTan `saneba//saneva~-d gadakeTda.
saingiloSi Zvel sasaflaoebze, ZiriTadad, sip qvebs iy-
enebdnen. mozrdili da momcro qva saflavis Tavsa da bolo-
Si idgmeboda. qvebze, ZiriTadad, qarTuli mxedruli anbaniT
amokveTilia micvalebulis gvar-saxeli, dabadebisa da gar-
dacvalebis TariRebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom qvebze amokveTilia
qristianuli jvari da xSirad gvxvdeba epitafia – „RmerTo,
acxone“ („RBo acxone“).
saflavis mxatvruli kompozicia gansxvavebulia arabul-
warweriani saflavebisagan. igi arqiteqturuli xasiaTisaa, kom-
poziciis Sida sivrceSi arabuli warwera ikiTxeba, mis qvemoT ki
qarTuli mxedruli anbaniT gardacvlilis vinaobaa amokveTili.
zogjer gamoyenebulia saRebavic.
naSromi aseve Seicavs:
• qarTuli saflavebis arabulenovan epitafiebs, am tenden-
ciis axsnis pirvel mcdelobebs;
• warmarTuli da qristianuli, muslimuri da qristianuli
simbolikis xvedriT wils da mizandasaxulobas;
• saflavebis multikulturul ekleqts, rogorc integra-
ciis specifikur SesaZleblobas;
• „eTnologiuri politkoreqtulobis“ sakiTxebs;
• cnobebs dakrZalvis tradiciebis Sesaxeb.
96
lela SaTiriSvili
cnobebi XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi ruseTidan

siZveleebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi dRes daculia XX saukunis

20-ian wlebSi dabrunebuli qarTuli xelnawerebi, romlebic
Seiqmna ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed sazRvargareTis qar-
Tuli kulturis centrebSi da sxvadasxva gziTa da xerxiT mox-
vda ruseTis wignsacavebSi.
1922 wlis 20 ivniss centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis
dadgenilebis safuZvelze saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikas
gadaeca ruseTSi arsebuli is samuzeumo da saarqivo siZvelee-
bi, romlebic qarTveli xalxis kuTvnilebas warmoadgenda da
unda dahbruneboda Tavis samSoblos.
dadgenilebis gansaxorcieleblad Seiqmna sagangebo komisia
ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis, ruseTis federaciis ganaTleb-
is komisariatisa da sabWoTa saqarTvelos mecnierTa monawile-
obiT. aRniSnuli komisiis muSaobis organizacia miendo damiane
jguSias – saqarTvelos warmomadgenels ruseTis federaciul
respublikaSi akademiuri saqmeebis ganxriT – da mis moadgiles,
n. Jordanias. am komisiis muSaobaSi monawileobdnen gamoCenili
qarTveli mecnierebi: k.kekeliZe, a. SaniZe, p.ingoroyva, v. ber-
iZe, s. kakabaZe. ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis mxridan muSao-
baSi monawileobdnen n. mari, i. mari (niko maris vaJi), olden-
burgi, genko, bartoldi.
komisiis dadgenilebiT, `yvela qarTuli warmoSobis re-
galiebi da siZveleni, romlebic daculia ruseTis sr feder-
aciis muzeumebsa da sacavebSi, maTi qarTuli warmoSobis dasa-
buTebis Semdeg unda gadaeces saqarTvelos ss respublikas~.
aRniSnuli dadgenilebis safuZvelze Sedga zusti siebi Zve-
li qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis, saistorio dokumentebis,
xelovnebis nawarmoebTa, romelTa gadacemac komisias miaCnda
saWirod.
97
miuxedavad udidesi dabrkolebisa, romelic SeeqmnaT qarTv-
el mecnierebs (akaki SaniZe, Salva amiranaSvili, d. jguSia) sa-
ganZuris dabrunebis komisiis rusul mxaresTan muSaobisas,
gansakuTrebuli Sromisa da Rvawlis Sedegad mainc moxerxda
mniSvnelovani qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis gadmocema.
dabrunebuli saganZuri Seicavs umniSvnelovanes nimuSebs,
romlebic fasdaudebelia qarTuli enis istoriis, literatur-
isa da paleografiuli TvalsazrisiT; aseve qarTuli kulturis
istoriisaTvis, xelovnebaTmcodneTa da, zogadad, kulturis
istorikosTaTvis.
maia SaorSaZe
qarTlis mTavarepiskoposisa da mitropolitis,

romanoz erisTavis, Rvawli XVIII saukunis
saqarTvelo-ruseTis diplomatiuri, politikuri
da kulturuli urTierTobebis fonze
qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis, samTavrosa da goris mit-

ropolitis, romanoz erisTavis, Sesaxeb cnobebi arcTu ise
mravladaa qarTul da rusul wyaroebsa da dokumentebSi, ma-
gram, rac moipoveba, isic gabneulia. am mniSvnelovani saekle-
sio piris cxovrebas saintereso da sayuradRebo samecniero
publikaciebi miuZRvnes filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtoreb-
ma mixeil qavTariam da enriko gabiZaSvilma. Tavis droze mis
Rvawls erT-erTi gamorCeuli adgili dauTmo Tavis kvlevebSi
akademikosma korneli kekeliZem.
qarTlis mTavarepiskopos romanozis biografiidan cno-
bilia, rom igi iyo Svili giorgi aragvis erisTavisa da Zma
poet oTar erisTavisa. misi da ana colad unda hyoloda baqar
batoniSvils. romanozi berad Semdgara garejis udabnoSi, sa-
dac mas Tormeti weli dauyvia. Tavdapirvelad arqimandritis
98
xarisxSi auyvaniaT, xolo Semdeg gamxdara qarTlis mTavarepis-
koposi da samTavrosa da goris mitropoliti. p. karbelaSvilis
azriT, mcire xniT is Tbileli episkoposic unda yofiliyo.
e. gabiZaSvilis daskvniT, romanozi garejis udabnoSi berad
Semdgara 1710 wels, sadac 1722 wlamde darCenila. 1722-1727
wlebSi igi moRvaweobda donis monasterSi. 1728 wels dabrunda
saqarTveloSi da damkvidrda TbilisSi, sadac igi Cans 1735-1737
wlebSi. 1739 wels unda wasuliyo imereTSi da iqidan moskovSi
gamgzavrebuliyo. 1740 wlis agvistoSi Casula yizlarSi, xolo
1741-1742 wlebSi – moskovSi. is moskovSi Cans 1743-1745 wlebSi.
Cveni azriT, ar unda iyos marTebuli k. kekeliZis mosaz-
reba imis Sesaxeb, rom poema „vaxtangianSi“ mefis amalis siaSi
naxsenebi vinme qsnis erisTavi romanoz [samTavnelia]. rogorc
wyaroebidan Cans, romanoz erisTavi 1722 wels, anu ori wliT
adre, ukve ruseTSia. 1723 wliT daTariRebuli oTar erisTavis
zemoT naxsenebi werilis gverdiT unda aRvniSnoT oTar eri-
sTavis meore werili Zmisadmi, romelic daTariRebulia 1725
wliT.
1728 wels romanoz erisTavi saqarTveloSi Camodis. savarau-
dod, igi Tbilelis xarisxSi besarion kaTalikosma (1724-1737)
aiyvana, xolo Semdeg kirile meoris gakaTalikosobis dros
(1737-1739) igi ikavebs kiriles adgils – qarTlis mTavarepis-
koposisa da samTavrosa da goris mitropolitis kaTedras.
saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi daculia 1739 wliT daTari-
Rebuli ori sabuTi, romlebic gacemulia romanoz qarTlis
mTavarepiskoposis mier. sigelebi gamouqveynebelia da pirvelad
Semogvyavs samecniero mimoqcevaSi. pirveli sigeli warmoadgens
„mamulis nasyidobis wigns solaRaSvili ieses mier mTavarepis-
kopos romanozisadmi“ (am sigels beWdiT amtkicebs kaTalikosi
kirile), meore – „mTavarepiskopos romanozis gacemul sigels
batoniSvil abdula-begisadmi“. es sigelebi naxsenebia Semde-
gdroindel sxva sigelebSic.
imave 1739 wlis 23 martiTaa daTariRebuli n. berZeniSvilis
mier gamocemuli sxva dokumentic. „ymisa da mamulis danebebis
wigns, micemuls daviT TarxniSvilis mier giorgi maRalaZisad-
mi“ amtkicebs kaTalikosi kirile, xolo mowmeebs Soris dasax-
99
elebulia mTavarepiskoposi romanozi. aqedan gamomdinare, kar-
gad Cans, rom romanozi 1739 wlis bolomde qarTlSia. Semdeg
igi 8 TviT imereTSi gadadis, xolo 1740 wlis agvistoSi ukve
yizlarSia.
T. Jordanias 1730 wlis axlo droiT aqvs daTariRebuli
mTavarepiskopos romanozis mier gacemuli erTi sigeli, rom-
lidanac irkveva, rom Tbilel mTavarepiskopos romanozs auS-
enebia „mcire eklesia qalaqsa Sida tfilissa adgilsa da mamul-
sa samTavros RvTaebisa saydrisa“. cnobilia, rom es taZari
Semdeg mters auoxrebia.
rogorc cnobilia, romanozi aqtiur monawileobas Re-
bulobda ruseTSi daarsebuli qarTuli stambis saqmianobaSi.
1745 wels mas ruseTSi dauweria „winwili RaRadebisa“ (A150). e.
gabiZaSvilma miagno erovnuli arqivis f.1446 #252 xelnawers,
romelic Seicavs daviT garejelis cxovrebis ucnob redaqcias,
romelic romanozis dawerilia. aseve romanozis kalams unda
ekuTvnodes „dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis“ redaq-
cia da amave krebulSi daculi dodo garejelis erT-erTi saga-
lobeli (A-220). 1738 wels romanoz mTavarepiskoposs gadauwe-
ria wmindanTa cxovreba „metafrasi“. igia damkveTi asketikuri
krebulisa, romelic 1749 wels daviTgarejis monastrisTvis
Seuwiravs.
A-150-is minaweridan Cans, rom romanoz mitropoliti dasa-
flavebulia daviT garejis udabnoSi, romelic, Cveni azriT, si-
marTles ar unda Seeferebodes, radgan is bolos saqarTveloSi
aRar dabrunebula. amas adasturebs is faqtic, rom misi safla-
vis qva (zed aweria „samTavrosa da goris mTavarepiskoposi ro-
manoz erisTavi“) axlaxan ruseTis erT-erT monasterSi naxa sam-
Tavisisa da goris mitropolitma andria gvazavam.
100
nana Cikvatia, daviT Sengelia
arsen iyalToelis manganas monasterSi

moRvaweobis Sesaxeb
1. ucxoeTis kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kerebSi (tao-

klarjeTi, aToni, Savi mTa) moRvawe qarTvelebma didZali li-
teraturuli memkvidreoba dagvitoves. konstantinopolSi moR-
vawe qarTvelTa Sesaxeb ki informacia sakmaod mwiria. swored
am TvalsazrisiT aris sayuradRebo cnobili qarTveli mwerli-
sa da mTargmnelis, arsen iyalToelis, moRvaweoba konstantino-
polis manganas monasterSi.
2. arsen iyalToelis cnobili krebulis, `dogmatikonis~,
meTauri Txzulebaa anastasi sinelis `winamZRuari~. es traqta-
ti dogmatur-polemikuri xasiaTisaa. Txzuleba mraval kiTxvas
badebs rogorc Sedgenilobis, ise qronologiis TvalsazrisiT.
Txzuleba warmoadgens polemikas monofizitobis or ganStoe-
bas, severianobasa da TeodosianobasTan.
3. Txzulebis arsen vaCesZiseuli Targmani Seicavs anderZ-
minawers (S-1463, 39r) arsenis konstantinopolSi moRvaweobis
Sesaxeb. am anderZidan irkveva, rom arsens anastasi sinelis
`winamZRuari~ uTargmnia konstantinopolSi, manganas wminda
giorgis monasterSi.
4. arsen iyalToelis Targmani sayuradReboa traqtatTan
dakavSirebuli araerTi sakamaTo problemis garkvevisaTvis.
berZnulSi miRebuli wesis mixedviT, komentarebi teqsts unda
darTvoda arSiebze, sqolioebis saxiT. `winamZRuris~ berZnul
xelnawerebSi es wesi yvelgan darRveulia, sqolioebi Sig teqst-
Sia CarTuli. amis sapirispirod, qarTul TargmanSi sqolioebi
sistematurad arSiebzea gatanili, rac iZleva Semdegi daskvnis
gamotanis saSualebas, rom qarTul Targmans Semounaxavs xel-
nawerTa ufro Zveli Cveneba, vidre berZnul xelnawerebSia da-
culi.
101
5. problemuria `winamZRuris~ sqolioebis avTenturobis sa-
kiTxic. mecnierTa mier gaziarebulia azri, rom yvela sqolio
Tavad anastasi sinels ekuTvnis. qarTul TargmanSi mxolod
ramdenime sqolios axlavs arsenis komentari, rom es sqolio
TviTon avtors ekuTvnis. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom yvela sqolio,
SesaZloa, TviTon anastasis ar ekuTvnodes.
dali CitunaSvili
¡
`gamokrebulni sada Tve swavlani wmidaTa ma-
maTani~ – nacnobi da ucnobi avtorebi
(aTonis ivironis monastris #17 xelnaweri)
1. meTerTmete saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi aTonis mTaze,

ivironis monasterSi gadawerili #17 xelnaweri yuradRebas
iqcevs masSi daculi apofTegmatas tipis krebulis – „gamokre-
bulni sada¡Tve swavlani wmidaTa mamaTani“ – TvalsazrisiT. kre-
bulis struqturulma da Sinaarsobrivma Seswavlam gviCvena, rom
is aris erTgvari nazavi sistemuri da anbanur-anonimuri apofTeg-
muri krebulebisa, romlis berZnuli analogi ar arsebobs.
2. „gamokrebulni“ qarTveli redaqtoris mier adreve arse-
buli qarTuli Targmanebis safuZvelze Sedgenili originaluri
xasiaTis krebulia, romelic Seicavs rogorc aTonuri, aseve win-
areaTonuri periodis Targmanebsac.
3. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gvinda mivaqcioT krebulSi
dacul Teodore abukuras Txrobebs, romelTa nawilic marti-
vi riTmis saxiTaa warmodgenili da ritmuli poeziis erT-erT
adreul nimuSs warmoadgens.
4. aRsaniSnavia aseve krebulSi „gamokrebulni“ daculi ori
stefanes: stefane monazvnisa da stefane soxastrelis Txrobebi.
pirveli maTganis saxeliT gatanili Txrobebis nawili Tanxvdeba
sinur koleqciaSi „mamaTa didi wignad“ wodebul sin.-35-Si dacul
stefane monazvnis naSromSi `swavlani~, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sa-
102
mecniero wreebSi Doctrina Sancti Stephani-is saxeliT cnobili ste-
fane sabawmidelis teqstis „swavlani“ qarTuli Targmania, Semor-
Cenili mxolod sinuri nusxiT. kvlevam gviCvena, rom aTonuri
paterikis Semdgeneli sargeblobda stefane monazvnis naSromis
ufro vrceli TargmaniT, romelmac, samwuxarod, Cvenamde ver
moaRwia. rac Seexeba stefane soxastrels, kvlevam gviCvena, rom,
miuxedavad imisa, rom krebulis „gamokrebulni“ SemdgenlisaT-
vis stefane monazoni da stefane soxastreli sxvadasxva piria,
sinamdvileSi saqme gvaqvs erT avtorTan – stefane sabawmidelTan,
romlis naSromis „swavlani“ ori sxvadasxva qarTuli Targmani
unda arsebuliyo, erTi – sinur xelnawerSi daculi teqstis ms-
gavsi, romlis avtoradac cnobili iyo stefane monazoni, meore ki
iseTi, romelSic avtoris saxeli iyo stefane soxastreli.
naili CelebaZe
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti.
baTumi, saqarTvelo
eTnografiuli etiudebi qarTul musikalur

folklorSi (Termes (TurqeTi) muhajirTa
folkloris mixedviT)
muhajirTa dasaxleba Termes raionSi, TurqeTis teritoria

ze, samsunis vilaieTis SemadgelobaSia da ramdenime aTeul
sofels aerTianebs.
Termes tradiciuli soflebis iersaxes Sinaganad avsebs
da amdidrebs qarTuli musikaluri folklori, romelic, sxva
faqtorebTan erTad, warmoadgens Cveneburebis erovnuli TviT
myofadobis SenarCunebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan safuZvels. amas
xeli Seuwyo uZvelesi qarTuli samusiko sakravebis salamuri,
Wiboni, Cveulebrivi Wiboni anu tyavis Wiboni, duduki//duduRi,
fanduri, Conguri, doli//davli, dafi//defis Semonaxulobam,
rac, Tavis mxriv, sakravebis damzadebis xelovnebazec miuTiTebs.
103
muhajirebis sasimRero Semoqmedeba, ZiriTadad, dasavlur
qarTuli dialeqtebis erTgvar nazavs warmoadgens da xasiaTdeba
xalxuri polifoniis mravalferovnebiT. gansakuTrebiT
specifikuria maRali xma, krimanWuli anu `moyivneba~, romelsac
qobuleTurSi `gamkivani~ xma ewodeba.
muhajirebis sasimRero repertuari mdidaria akvnis, Sro
mis, saferxulo da sxva Janris simRerebiT, saidanac kargad
Cans samSoblosagan mowyvetili qarTveli kacis buneba da misgan
ganuyofloba.
Cvens xelT arsebuli mwiri masalebis miuxedavad, SevZe
liT ramdenime Tematuri jgufis gamoyofa: akvnis simRere
bi, musikalurad iyo gaformebuli agreTve saqorwino da sxva
sadResaswaulo ritualebic. saqorwilo simRerebidan aRsa
niSnavia mayruli. sruldeboda specialuri saqorwilo simRerac.
garda amisa, qorwilSi Sairebdnen kidec, romelsac drodadro
musikaluradac aformebdnen. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia qarTul
sinamdvileSi `rZal-dedamTilianis~ saxelwodebiT cnobili
gaSaireba.
qorwilis dros, musikisa da misamRerebis TanxlebiT, srul
deboda ramdenime qarTuli xalxuri cekva, xolo dasasruls
aucileblad unda ecekvaT `gurju-xoroni~, qarTuli xoru mi.
amdenad, qorwinebasTan dakavSirebuli sasimRero reper tua
riT kargad ikveTeba qarTuli erovnuli xasiaTi, pativis cema
dedoflisadmi, qalisadmi, da, aseve, ojaxis wevrTa urTierT
damokidebulebis regulirebis Taviseburebani.
gansakuTrebiT mdidari sasimRero repertuari axlda Tan
nadis Catarebas. simRerebis teqsti da melodia gviCvenebs saq
mia
nobaTa xasiaTsac. magaliTad, mindvris samuSaoebis dros
asrulebdnen: `mindors puri duufine, Citma-gritma duu
frinda...~
nadi ewyoboda simindis garCevis dros, romelsac qobuleTis
msgavsad, xvavis garCevas anu xarmanobas uwodebdnen. nadis
Semadgenloba 40 kacamde aRwevda, rasac Tan axlda garToba da
mxiaruleba.
naduri simRerebis gansakuTrebuli mravalgvaroba TavisTa
vad mimaniSnebelia muhajir qarTvelTa urTierTTanadgomisa,
104
maTi mravaldargobrivi SromiTi saqmianobisa da im tkivilisa,
romelsac samSoblosagan moSorebuli adamiani Sromis procesSi
aqsovda.
misamRerebis TanxlebiT sruldeboda amindis magiur
marTvasTan dakavSirebuli `lazarobis~ odnav saxecvlili
tradicia, romlis monawile bavSvebi kardakar Camoivlidnen,
raTa `nazari moeroT~ da `raRaceebi moekrifaT~.
amrigad, TermeSi mcxovrebi muhajirebis mravalferovani
sasimRero Semoqmedebidan Cans ara marto maTi maRali gemovneba,
aramed samSoblosagan mowyvetili qarTvelis erovnuli
TviTSegnebis Semonaxulobac.
Tina ceraZe, lela xoferia

axali Rvino Zvel TxierSi, anu axali

literaturuli paradigma tradiciuli Janris
wiaRSi (wameba largvisis arqimandritis pafnotisa)
1. sankt-peterburgis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis

qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciis nusxaSi (M-49) daculi teqsti
– `wameba largvisis arximandritis pafnotisa~ – asaxavs 1804
wlis mTiuleTis ajanyebas. kerZod, teqstSi moTxrobilia, Tu
rogor gagzavnes largvisis arqimandriti pafnoti ruseTis xe-
lisuflebis warmomadgenlebma mojanye mTiulebTan Suamavlad.
2. teqsti mniSvnelovan saistorio wyaros warmoadgens
1804 wlis mTiuleTis ajanyebis sakvlevad da faseul masalas
gvawvdis am ajanyebaSi largvisis arqimandritis, pafnotis, ro-
lisa da monawileobis Sesaxeb.
3. TxzulebaSi dadasturebuli istoriuli realiebis sa-
fuZvelze aRniSnuli teqsti 1808 wliT SeiZleba daTariRdes,
TviTon xelnaweri ki 1816 wlis Semdeg unda iyos gadawerili.
105
4. Txzuleba sainteresoa ara mxolod rogorc saistorio
wyaro, aramed rogorc literaturuli Zegli, romelic Tvalsa-
Cinod warmogvidgens axal qarTul mwerlobaSi literaturuli
Janrebis ganviTarebisa da transformaciis process.
5. nawarmoebi Cafiqrebulia `wamebis~ JanrSi. Tumca, re-
alurad, is XIX saukunis evropul saTavgadasavlo-memuarul
prozas ufro emsgavseba. es arazusti Janruli atribucia, ro-
melic avtoriseulia (ikveTeba saTauridan – `wameba largvisis
arximandritis pafnotisa~), saintereso da informaciulia im
TvalsazrisiT, rom cxadad migviTiTebs, saxeldobr, ra models
iyenebda pafnoti Tavisi Txzulebis werisas – es iyo martvi-
lobebi. aqedan gamomdinare, pafnoti cdilobs, hagiografiuli
JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebiT gaamdidros teqsti.
6. uCveulo tonalobas sZens Txzulebas hagiografiuli
Janris Serwyma pirvel pirSi Txrobasa da istoriuli drois
`prozaul~ SinaarsTan – pafnoti avtobiografiuli diskursis
nacvlad hagiografiul diskurss iyenebs da iqmneba STabeWdi-
leba, rom man ar icis, rogor aRweros is, rac Tavs gadaxda.
7. Txzuleba, Tavisi Janrobrivi maxasiaTeblebiT, sainte-
resoa ara mxolod retrospeqtuli TvalsazrisiT – anu imiT,
Tu ramdenadaa transformirebuli masSi hagiografiuli kano-
ni – aramed perspeqtivaSic: igi SegviZlia ganvixiloT, rogorc
literaturuli procesis ganviTarebis saintereso SemTxveva,
romelic gviCvenebs, rogor Cndeba tradiciuli Janrebis gver-
diT axali – siuJeturi proza. TavisTavad sainteresoa isic,
rom axali, siuJeturi literaturis Canasaxi Cndeba tradiciu-
li literaturis wiaRSi.
8. `pafnotis wameba~ saintereso magaliTia hagiografiuli
Janris krizisisa XIX saukunis dasawyisis qarTul mwerlobaSi,
rodesac axali literaturuli Janrebi jer ar aris ganviTa-
rebuli; amdenad, iqmneba Seusabamoba gadmosacem Sinaarssa da
avtoris xelT arsebul stilur da ritorikul figurebs So-
ris, rac saukeTesod gamoxatavs hagiografiuli literaturis
dasasruls saqarTveloSi.
106
ana WeiSvili
saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Tbilisi
safrangeTSi daculi qarTuli arqeologiuri da

eTnografiuli koleqciebi
evropeli mkvlevrebis interesi kavkasiis regionis mimarT

gansakuTrebiT gaizarda XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi. am period-
Si ucxoelma mecnierebma saqarTveloSi mravali arqeologiuri
Tu eTnografiuli eqspedicia Caatares. eqspediciebis Sedegad
mopovebuli qarTuli kulturuli memkvidreobis met-naklebad
mniSvnelovani nimuSebi evropaSi gahqondaT da maT xSirad spe-
cialurad mowyobil gamofenebze waradgendnen. XX saukunis da-
sawyisidan am koleqciebma muzeumebis sacavebSi gadainacvla da
droTa ganmavlobaSi, faqtobrivad, daviwyebas mieca.
mTeli XIX saukunis manZilze safrangeTSi gatanili qarTu-
li arqeologiuri da eTnografiuli masala 1878 wels daarse-
bul parizis eTnografiul muzeumSi xvdeboda. eTnografiuli
muzeumis daxurvis Semdeg yvela koleqciam jer 1937 wels
daarsebul adamianis muzeumSi, xolo mogvianebiT 2006 wels
gaxsnil ke branlis muzeumSi gadainacvla. ke branlis muzeumis
sacavebSi aseve aRmoCnda parizis sxva muzeumebidan droebiT
Sesanaxad gadacemuli qarTuli koleqciebi. aRniSnuli gare-
moebebis gamo, safrangeTSi daculi qarTuli kulturuli mem-
kvidreobiT dainteresebuli mkvlevrebisaTvis gansakuTrebu-
li mniSvneloba swored ke branlis muzeumSi daculi masalis
Seswavlas eniWeba.
Cven saSualeba mogveca, Segveswavla am muzeumis fondebSi
daculi qarTuli koleqciebi da aRniSnuli koleqciebis war-
momavlobis dasadgenad paraleluri kvleva Cagvetarebina sa-
frangeTis erovnul arqivebSi. kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom
ke branlis muzeumSi daculia frangi mkvlevrebis – Jiul mu-
ries, Jerman bapstis da baron de bais _ mier saqarTveloSi
1880-1890-ian wlebSi mopovebuli da SeZenili koleqciebi.
frangi publicistis, Jiul muries, koleqciaSi daculia
mis mier saqarTveloSi 1880-ian wlebSi Catarebuli arqeolo-
107
giuri gaTxrebis dros mopovebuli masala. koleqcia sakmaod
mravalferovania da misi ZiriTadi nawili Zv. w. I aTaswleuliT
TariRdeba. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia e.w. kolxuri brinjaos
kulturis nimuSi _ Zv. w. VIII-VI saukuneebiT daTariRebuli uni-
kaluri gravirebuli umboni.
Jerman bapsti pirveli ucxoeli arqeologia, romelmac
TuSeTsa da fSav-xevsureTSi Caatara kvleva. 1883 wels igi daR-
estnis gavliT Semovida saqarTveloSi da arqeologiur kvleva-
ZiebasTan erTad aseve dainteresebuli iyo keramikuli nakeTo-
bebis damzadebis adgilobrivi teqnologiebiT.
arqeologma da eTnografma baronma de baim saqarTveloSi 1897-
1903 wlebSi mravaljer imogzaura. misi koleqcia gansakuTrebiT
mravalricxovani da mravalferovania. aq vxvdebiT yoveldRiuri
yofis amsaxvel nivTebs, keramikul nawarms, tradiciul tansac-
melsa da oqromWedlobis nimuSebsac ki; gansakuTrebiT aRsaniS-
navia Tval-margalitiT Semkuli ori oqros jvari, romlebsac
frangi mkvlevari XVI-XVII saukuneebiT aTariRebda.
vfiqrobT, qarTveli mkvlevarebisaTvis saintereso iqneba
safrangeTSi daculi im qarTuli arqeologiuri da eTnografi-
uli koleqciebis gacnoba, romlebic sxvadasxva mizezis gamo
maTTvis dRemde miuwvdomeli iyo.
nino WiWinaZe
ilias saxelmwifo universiteti. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
sinis mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qarTuli

ferweruli xatebis mxatvruli sistemebi
სinis mTis wm. ekaterines monastris qarTuli ferweruli

xatebi kargadaa cnobili saxelovnebaTmcodneo literatu-
ridan, Tumca Suasaukuneebis qarTuli saeklesio xelovnebis
es qmnilebebi jerac ar yofila sagangebo kvlevis sagani da
Semdgom yovelmxriv Seswavlasa da interpretacias saWiroebs.
108
moxsenebaSi am xatebis mxatvrul-ikonografiul Tavisebure-
bebTan erTad, ganxiluli iqneba maTi Seqmnis istoria da Sesa-
bamisi kulturuli konteqsti.
xatebi sxvaobs erTmaneTisagan Sesrulebis droiTa da adg-
iliT. sxvadasxvaa maTi funqciac da Sesrulebis ostatoba. aq
dacul qarTul xatebs Sorisaa ber-monazonis ioane Toxabis
mier XI-XII saukuneebSi Sesrulebuli eqvsi xati, romelTagan
oTxi aRmosavlurqristianuli saeklesio liturgikuli kalen-
dari, e. w. xat-menologiumia, mexuTe xati ki „gankiTxvis dRis“
kompozicias warmogvidgens. ioanesve ekuTvnis uflis sas-
waulebisa da vnebebis amsxaveli xati, romelsac RvTismSoblis
konstantinopoluri xuTi saswaulmoqmedi xatis gamosaxuleba
axlavs. xatweris am qmnilebebis gamorCeuli mniSvneloba imiTa-
caa ganpirobebuli, rom bilingvuri – berZnul-qarTuli – warw-
era maTi Semqmnelis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo informacias gvawvdis.
wm. giorgisa da qarTvel bagrationTa dinastiis warmo-
madgenlis gamosaxulebebia XIII saukunis pirveli naxevriT da-
TariRebul xatze. Zalian dazianebuli berZnul-qarTuli warw-
era mniSvnelovnad arTulebs aq gamosaxuli qarTveli suverenis
identifikacias.
XIV saukuneSi Seqmnili xatebi, romelTa ikonografiaSi
erovnuli wmindanebis Tema gansakuTrebulad Cans, paleol-
ogosuri mxatvruli stilis sagulisxmo nimuSebia. sakuTriv
xatweris qmnilebebis garda, moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba XX
saukunis dasawyisis publikaciebSi moyvanili sinis mTis qar-
Tuli xatebi, romlebic dReisaTvis ganadgurebulia.
xsenebuli xatebisa da literaturuli mowmobebis ganxilva
gvaZlevs saSualebas, met-naklebi sisavsiT aRvadginoT sinuri
sulieri savanisTvis Seqmnil-Sewiruli ferweruli xatebis is-
toria. saeklesio xelovnebis am qmnilebaTa formis, Teologi-
ur-liturgikuli sazrisisa da mxatvruli sistemebis ganxilva
saistorio sabuTebisa da werilobiTi wyaroebis gaTvaliswine-
biT saSualebas mogvcems, davadginoT maTi kulturuli kon-
teqsti. moxsenebaSi sagangebo yuradReba daeTmoba xelovnebis
patronaJsa da RvTismosaobaSi gacxadebul politikur-ide-
ologiur tendenciebs.
109
dodo WumburiZe
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
ruseTis agresia saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

1918-1924 wlebSi da Jurnali „mxedari“
Jurnali „mxedari“ iyo qarTvel iunkerTa kavSiris organo,

gamodioda parizSi 1929-1937 wlebSi. interess iwvevs JurnalSi
dabeWdili is masalebi, romlebic exeba bolSevikuri ruseTis
agresias saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg 1918-1924 wlebSi, ganmaTavisu-
flebeli brZolis monawileebis mimarT gatarebul represiebs.
JurnalSi dabeWdili masalebi sainteresoa imdenad, ramdenadac
avtorebi damoukidebeli saqarTvelos samxedro procesebis
uSualo TviTmxilvelni, xelmZRvanelebi an monawileni iyvnen,
amitom maTi naazrevi wyaros mniSvnelobas iZens da 1918-1924
wlebis rusuli agresiis detalebis Sevsebisa da dazustebis
saSualebas iZleva. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
general giorgi kvinitaZis, general aleqsandre zaqariaZis,
samxedro ataSes, dimitri SalikaSvilis, iunkerTa skolis di-
reqtoris, general aleqsandre CxeiZis, polkovnik viqtor
cxakaias, imereTis batalionis ufrosis, akaki kvitaiSvilisa da
sxvebis mogonebebi... sainteresoa sabrZolo operaciebisa da
samTavrobo RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb emigraciaSi myofi qarTve-
li samxedro pirebis kamaTi, maTi gansxvavebuli Sexedulebani
ruseTTan urTierTobaze, sxvadasxva samxedro operaciis da
meTaurTa maTeuli Sefasebani. magaliTad: Jurnalis meSvide
nomerSi gamoqveynebuli nikoloz maTikaSvilis narkvevi – „ta-
baxmela“, me-14-15 nomrebSi gamoqveynebuli misive werili: `1921
wlis qarTul-bolSevikuri omi“, me-16 nomerSi gamoqveynebuli
aleqsandre CxeiZis mogonebebi, erovnul-demokrat daviT vaCna-
Zis werili – `1922 wlis ajanyeba“, iunkrebis mogonebebi (#17),
fsevdonimiT gamoqveynebuli mogoneba „tfilisis datovebis
Sesaxeb“ (#4), „moxalises“ (akaki kvitaiSvili) „Cemi mogonebebis
ganmartebani (gamowveuli kritikiT)“ da sxv.
110
„mxedari“ miznad isaxavda qarTuli samxedro doqtrinis
damuSaveba-Camoyalibebas. amis gamo, upirvelesad saistorio
wyaroebis dagrovebasa da maT obieqtur ganxilvas miiCnevda.
amgvari mizandasaxulebis gamo, JurnalSi moxvda unikaluri sais-
torio dokumentebi, saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis narkvevebi,
romlebic fasdaudebel cnobebs moicavs qarTuli istorio-
grafiis Sesaqmnelad, obieqturi istoriis dasawerad. bevri samx-
edro operacia, romelic saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg rusuli agre-
siis dros, 1918-1924 wlebSi, ganxorcielda, jer kidev ar aris
Cvens istoriografiaSi saTanadod warmodgenili, Sejerebuli
ar aris sxvadasxva monacemi, bevri naSromi zogadia da mwiria
pirvelwyaroebiT, rasac avseben Jurnalis mdidari publikaciebi.
Cveni gamokvlevis mizania, gamoviyenoT JurnalSi dabeWdili
is masalebi, romlebic cvlis arsebul saistorio cnobebs ama
Tu im sabrZolo operaciaze, axleburad gavaSuqoT samxedro
movlenebi, wyaroebis monacemebiT SevafasoT ruseTis agresi-
uli politika, mis mier damoukidebeli saqarTvelos aneqsia-
okupacia 1921 wels, 1921-1924 wlebis erovnul-ganmaTavisufle-
beli moZraobis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli sastiki represiebi.
parizSi gamocemuli qarTuli samxedro emigraciis organo „mxe-
dari“ amis saSualebas iZleva.
Reza Khanipour
Faculty member of National Library and Archives of Iran. Tehran
Calligraphy and Script in the Manuscripts
The manuscripts are precious heritage of every country. As a matter of fact

they make the history of science, culture and art of them.
The art of calligraphy in the manuscripts has a special position.
The exact investigation and recognition of the kinds of scripts or calligraphy
can help us to determine the genuineness of the manuscripts.
111
This article indicates in brief the common kinds of calligraphy used in the
oriental manuscripts and Georgian as well. The scripts like: Kufic scripts, Reyhan,
Mohaqqaq, Touqi’, Reqa’, Naskh, Nasta’liq, Shikasta Nasta’Liq.
Key word: manuscripts, calligraphy, script, genuineness, codicology.
Tamar xundaZe
g. CubinaSvilis sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da
ZeglTa dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
mefeTa gamosaxulebani tao-klarjeTis

xuroTmoZRvrul qandakebaSi
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli reliefuri skulpturis mraval-

ferovan repertuarSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs istoriul
pirTa gamosaxulebebs. es pirovnebani metwilad maRali saero
da sasuliero wodebis warmomadgenelni, taZarTa mSeneblobis
damkveT-momgebelni arian. am gamosaxulebebs Soris eklesi-
aTa kedlebze xSirad qarTvel mefeTa `portretebi~ gvxvdeba,
romelTa didi nawili tao-klarjeTis xuroTmoZRvrulma qanda-
kebam Semogvinaxa. mefeTa qvaSi nakveTi reliefuri gamosaxule-
bebi amSvenebda opizis, dolisyanis, tbeTis taZarTa kedlebs;
gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa samgzis gamokveTili wyviladi
samefo `portreti~ oSkis taZarSi.
istoriul pirTa gamosaxulebani, Cveulebriv, zeciur mfar
velTa winaSe wardgebian simboluri xasiaTis kompoziciebSi,
romelTa ZiriTad Temas pirovnebis sulis xsnisaTvis locva-
vedreba da uflis mier misi kurTxeva-Sewynareba warmoadgens.
Tumca am mTavari ideis farglebSi sxvadasxva Sinaarsobrivi va-
riaciebi aRiniSneba, rac kompoziciur sqemaTa mravalferovne-
bas gansazRvravs. xsnis ideasTan erTad, tao-klarjeTis samefo
reliefebSi naTlad ikveTeba bagrationTa gvaris xelisuflebis
RvTivkurTxeulobis idea, romelic TiToeul SemTxvevaSi Ta-
viseburi interpretaciiT aris gadmocemuli.
112
moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba opizis, dolisyanis, tbeTisa
da oSkis taZarTa samefo reliefuri kompoziciebis azrobriv-
ideuri mniSvneloba; eklesiis xuroTmoZRvrul korpusze maTi
ganTavsebis adgilis, scenaTa Semadgeneli sxva gamosaxule-
bebis, atributebisa Tu Tanmxleb warweraTa teqstebis mixed-
viT dazustdeba TiToeuli kompoziciis Sinaarsobrivi konte-
qsti; yuradReba gamaxvildeba zogierTi gamosaxulebis (opiza,
tbeTi) identifikaciis sakiTxze, romelic dRemde mecnierTa
Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs.
moxsenebaSi warmoCndeba tao-klarjeTis samefo reliefis
mxatvrul-kompoziciuri Sesrulebis Taviseburebebi da mra-
valferovneba, zogadad, qarTuli qvis plastikis stilis gan-
viTarebis konteqstSi.
oTar janeliZe
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis politologiis instituti.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
spiridon kedias arqivi – qarTuli emigraciis

sagulisxmo matiane
bolo dros mkvlevarTaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxda qarTuli

emigrantuli memkvidreobis sayuradRebo masalebi, romelTa
Sorisaa saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-
erTi damaarseblisa da Tavmjdomaris, spiridon kedias, piradi
arqivi.
1923 wels bolSevikebis mier samSoblodan gandevnili spi-
ridon kedia sicocxlis bolomde (1948 w.) emigraciaSi imyo-
feboda da SesamCnevi kvalic datova saqarTvelos aRdgena-
gamoxsnisaTvis brZolis istoriaSi. sabWoTa totalitarul
reJimTan dapirispirebulma kediam mniSvnelovani kontaqtebi
gaaba dasavleTis antikomunisturi da saqmiani wreebis cnobil
warmomadgenlebTan, piradad Sexvda u. CerCils, a. hitlers da
113
bevr sxva gavlenian evropel politikur, saxelmwifo Tu samxe-
dro moRvawes. s. kedia axlo warsulis araerTi mniSvnelovani
movlenis uSualo monawile an TviTmxilveli iyo, risi sailu-
stracio masalac mis pirad arqivSi inaxeba.
spiridon kedias arqivSi 1500-mde dokumentia daculi. es ma-
sala qronologiurad 1923-1948 wlebs moicavs da qarTuli emi-
graciis cxovreba-moRvaweobis mraval, dRemde ucnob, furcels
gadagviSlis. aq SexvdebiT eqvTime TayaiSvilis, noe Jordanias,
viqtor nozaZis, gigo diasamiZis, grigol veSapelis, irakli ba-
grationis, giorgi kvinitaZis, giorgi mazniaSvilisa da aTeu-
lobiT sxva qarTveli emigrantis saxelebs. aqve vecnobiT aseve
spiridon kedias urTierTobas qaquca ColoyaSvilTan, mixako
wereTelsa da giorgi maCabelTan, romlebTanac mas gamorCeuli
siaxlove da megobroba akavSirebda.
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia arqivis is nawili, romelic aSuqebs
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis emigrantuli periodis isto
rias, gviCvenebs saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis emi-
grirebul mTavrobasa da mis opoziciur ZalTa Soris arsebul
winaaRmdegobebs, gvacnobs bolSevikuri uRlisagan saqarTve-
los ganTavisuflebisaTvis qarTuli emigraciis Zalisxmevas
da sxv.
mTlianobaSi, spiridon kedias piradi saarqivo fondi, ro-
melic qarTuli emigraciis sagulisxmo matianed warmoCndeba,
imavdroulad, saqarTvelos axali da Tanamedrove istorii-
saTvisac faseuli pirvelwyaroa.
sagamomcemlo jgufi
nestan bagauri
irma beriZe
esma mania
nino nekeriSvili
nino siboSvili
viola tuRuSi
ilia xelaia
qeTevan xiTariSvili

0193 Tbilisi, merab aleqsiZis 1/3. tel.: 236 41 85, faqsi: 236 32 41.
www.manuscript.ge info@manuscript.ge
NATIONAL CENTRE OF MANUSCRIPTS
1/3 merab Alexidze str., 0193 Tbilisi, Georgia. Tel.: (995 32) 236 41 85, fax: (995 32) 236 32 41.

კონფერენცია უცხოეთის ქართული მემკვიდრეობა

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xelnawerTa erovnuli centri

ucxoeTis qarTuli memkvidreoba

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro

SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondi

Georgian Heritage Abroad

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF GEORGIA

SHOTA RUSTAVELI NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

maia baramiZe, meri cincaZe

eka duRaSvili, qeTevan tatiSvili

albert ten kaatu

vladimer kekelia, irma xositaSvili

Teo m. van linti

roin malaymaZe, uCa oqropiriZe

giorgi JuJunaSvili, guram kutalaZe

goCa saiTiZe, iza aRlaZe

nana Cikvatia, daviT Sengelia

Tina ceraZe, lela xoferia

Maia Baramidze, Mary Tsintsadze

Eka Dughashvili, Ketevan Tatishvili

Albert ten Kaatu

Vladimer Kekelia, Irma Khositashvili

Theo M. van Lint

Roin Malaqmadze, Ucha Okropiridze

Gocha Saitidze, Iza Aghladze

Stig Simeon Frøyshov

David Shengelia, Nana Chikvatia

Tina Tseradze, Lela Khoperia

wm. miwis qarTuli samonastro Temis istoriis

1. wm. miwis qarTuli samonastro Temis XVI-XVIII saukuneebis

proxore qarTvelis `wmida mowameTa wigni~

didi britaneTis wignsacavebSi daculia qarTul xelnaw-

maia baramiZe, meri cincaZe

marginaluri ganmartebebi ioane sinelis

marginaluri ganmartebebi – xelnaweris arSiebze moTavse­

Some less known architectural monuments in the

qarTvelebi sinis mTaze – axali masalebi

ucxoeTis qarTuli memkvidreobis kvali sinis mTis wm.

ingliseli Jurnalisti henri nevinsoni

1. nevinsoni (1856-1941 ww.) cnobili ingliseli Jurnalisti

giSis eklesia istoriul hereTSi da misi daTariRe-

istoriul hereTSi, dRes ki azerbaijanis sazRvrebSi moqceul

qarTuli eTnografiuli//eTnologiuri koleqciebi

qarTuli xalxuri kulturisa da erovnuli memkvidreobis

Tanamedrove eTnokulturuli procesebi qojaelisa

warmodgenili iqneba TurqeTis respublikaSi 2010-2011

daviT vaCnaZis werilebi

1. Tsu-s qarTuli emigraciis muzeumis fondebSi daculia

Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kedlis mxatvrobis

warmodgenili moxsenebis mizania, farTo sazogadoeb-

The Mirgorod Literary-Memorial Museum of David

1. David Guramishvili in Mirgorod District.

eka duRaSvili, qeTevan tatiSvili

RvTismSoblis miZinebis Tema sinuri tradiciis

RvTismSoblis miZinebisadmi miZRvnili homiletikuri da

Albert ten Kaatu

Georgian heritage abroad:

A Georgian scribe and bookbinder

adreuli qarTuli ydebi gracSi

2011 wels xelnawerTa erovnulma centrma avstriidan mi-

vladimer kekelia, irma xositaSvili

Jer.Geo. 49 xelnaweris minawerebi da xanTubisZe//

ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi dacu-

aTonis, klarjeTisa da parxlis mravalTavTa

sazRvargareTis qarTul savaneebSi – aTonis mTis, klar­

1. istoriul tao-klarjeTSi araerTi mniSvnelovani cixes-

The Wardrop Collection of the Georgian Cultural

In my presentation I will describe the contribution made by Oliver and Mary

marginaluri ganmartebebi – xelnaweris arSiebze moTavse

sazRvargareTis qarTul savaneebSi – aTonis mTis, klar

CvenTvis ucnobi qarTuli Zegli saberZneTSi?

muhajirTa dasaxleba Termes raionSi, TurqeTis teritoria