ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

klasikuri filologiis, bizantinistikisa da neogrecistikis instituti


programa `logosi~
publikaciebi da RonisZiebebi klasikuri filologiis,
bizantinistikisa da neogrecistikis sferoSi

logosi
Tbilisi 2012
 rismag gordeziani
maia danelia

klasikuri
filologiis
Sesavali

mesame Sesworebuli gamocema

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!
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!
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!
!
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!
logosi
Tbilisi 2012

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redaqtori: magda mWedliZe

recenzentebi: nana tonia

irine darCia

© r. gordeziani, m. danelia, 2004, 2007, 2012

© programa `logosi~, 2004, 2007, 2012

ISBN 978-9941-437-30-4

programa `logosi~
ilia WavWavaZis gamziri 13,
Tbilisi 0179
tel. 225-02-58, faqsi 222-11-81
el. fosta: logos@greekstudies-tsu.ge

garekanze: antikuri skolis scenebi. durisis wiTelfiguruli Tasi.

Zv. w. V s. berlini. saxelmwifo muzeumi

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sarCevi
winasityvaoba ....................................................................................................................7
klasikuri filologia rogorc mecnierebis dargi da misi Seswavlis istoria..........8
klasikuri filologiis sagani......................................................................................8
filologia antikur samyaroSi .................................................................................... 10
bizantia da Sua saukuneebi .......................................................................................... 20
axali dro ................................................................................................................... 22
a) italiuri humanizmisa da renesansis periodi ................................................... 23
b) frangul-niderlanduri periodi .................................................................... 25
g) riCard bentlisa da misi mimdevrebis, anu inglisuri periodi.......................... 26
d) germanuli periodi .......................................................................................... 27
e) uaxlesi periodi .............................................................................................. 29
klasikuri filologia saqarTveloSi ................................................................. 30
umniSvnelovanes mecnierTa anotirebuli nusxa ......................................................... 32
teqstis kritika............................................................................................................... 38
rogor xdeba antikuri teqstebis citireba? ........................................................ 42
werilobiTi fiqsaciis xelovneba ................................................................................ 46
damwerloba. ......................................................................................................... 46
egeosuri damwerlobebi........................................................................................ 47
berZnuli fonetikuri da laTinuri damwerloba.................................................. 50
saweri masala da wignis gamocemis saqme ................................................................. 53
paleografia ................................................................................................................ 58
epigrafika ..................................................................................................................... 61
papirologia ................................................................................................................ 63
klasikuri enebi............................................................................................................... 66
berZnuli ena da misi dialeqtebi........................................................................... 68
laTinuri ena ........................................................................................................ 73
antikuri literatura .................................................................................................... 82
berZnuli literatura ................................................................................................ 85
geometriuli renesansis periodi.......................................................................... 85
arqaikis periodi .................................................................................................. 89
klasikis periodi .................................................................................................. 96
elinisturi periodi.............................................................................................105
romauli batonobis anu keisrebis epoqis berZnuli literatura .........................109
gvianantikuroba.................................................................................................... 112
romauli literatura ................................................................................................. 115
respublikuri xana .................................................................................................116
avgustusis epoqa anu `oqros xana~ ......................................................................... 118
keisrebis epoqa...................................................................................................... 121
gvianantikuroba................................................................................................... 124
antikuri leqsTwyoba.................................................................................................. 125
antikuri samyaros istoria ............................................................................................ 131
egeosuri samyaro ......................................................................................................... 131
saberZneTi ................................................................................................................... 134
elinuri periodi ..................................................................................................134
elinisturi samyaro..............................................................................................145
romi ............................................................................................................................ 149
mefeTa xana ............................................................................................................149
respublikis epoqa................................................................................................ 152

5
 keisrebis epoqa......................................................................................................158
antikuri xelovneba ....................................................................................................... 166
egeosuri samyaro .........................................................................................................166
minosuri xelovneba...............................................................................................166
mikenuri xelovneba................................................................................................169
berZnuli xelovneba ..................................................................................................... 171
geometriuli periodi .......................................................................................... 171
arqauli epoqa ...................................................................................................... 172
klasikis epoqa.......................................................................................................175
elinisturi epoqa ................................................................................................. 181
romauli xelovneba ..................................................................................................... 184
religia da miTologia.................................................................................................. 193
saberZneTi.............................................................................................................193
miTi da religia....................................................................................................198
romi.....................................................................................................................205
filosofia da mecniereba .............................................................................................. 211
berZnuli filosofia............................................................................................ 211
romauli filosofia ........................................................................................... 218
mecniereba ................................................................................................................... 219
kanonmdebloba da samarTali....................................................................................... 223
yoveldRiuri cxovrebis sxvadasxva aspeqti ............................................................... 229
moqalaqeoba ........................................................................................................... 229
saxeli...................................................................................................................... 231
ojaxi...................................................................................................................... 232
aRzrda da ganaTleba............................................................................................. 234
qorwineba da qorwili ........................................................................................... 243
dakrZalva da datireba.......................................................................................... 248
omi da SeiaraReba ................................................................................................... 251
fuli da safinanso sfero...................................................................................... 256
monoba .................................................................................................................... 258
sanaxaobebi, agonebi ................................................................................................ 261
garToba, mogzauroba .............................................................................................266
saxli, aveji............................................................................................................ 273
Termebi, abazanebi .................................................................................................. 278
gastronomia, kerZebi, wveulebebi ........................................................................ 282
Tmis varcxniloba, Cacmuloba............................................................................... 286
antikuri avtorebi, nawarmoebebi ................................................................................. 291
rCeuli samecniero periodika klasikur filologiaSi ............................................. 311
cnobili enciklopediuri literatura ..................................................................... 315
sakuTar saxelTa saZiebeli ........................................................................................ 322

6
 winasityvaoba

klasikuri filologia msoflio sauniversiteto ganaTlebis erT-erTi mniSv-

nelovani dargia. mraval universitetSi, maT Soris ivane javaxiSvilis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetsa da baTumis universitetSi funqcionirebs klasikuri
filologiis ganyofilebebi. mecnierebis es dargi kompleqsuria, igi moicavs dis-
ciplinebis sakmaod farTo speqtrs, romlebic aSkarad ver moeqceva Tanamedrove
gagebiT filologiis farglebSi. swored amitom axalgazrdobis swori ori-
entacia klasikur filologiaSi gacilebiT ufro rTulia, vidre nebismieri
filologiuri profilis dargSi. aqedan gamomdinare, klasikuri filologiis
Sesavali Tavisi SinaarsiT erTob tevadia da bevr iseT sferos moicavs, romelic,
erTi SexedviT, SeuZlebelia raime kavSirSi iyos filologiasTan. Tbilisis sax-
elmwifo universitetSi ukve mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi ikiTxeba klasikuri fi-
lologiis Sesavali, Tumca jerjerobiT ar Seqmnila Sesabamisi saxelmZRvanelo. es
maSin, rodesac msoflios mraval qveyanaSi sxvadasxva enaze gamodioda da ukanask-
nel xanebSic gamodis mravali saxelmZRvanelo, romelTac dargSi Sesavlis fun-
qcia akisriaT. sakmarisia aRiniSnos, rom gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebidan moyo-
lebuli mxolod germanul enaze araerTi aseTi saxelmZRvanelo gamovida.
sakmarisia maTze erTi Tvalis gadavlebac ki, rom aSkarad SevniSnavT am wignebs
Soris sxvaobas moculobisa da Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT. a. m., Tuki 1997 wels ga-
mocemuli Einleitung in die griechische Philologie, Heinz-Günther Nesselrath (gamomc.) moi-
cavs 773 gverds, xolo Einleitung in die lateinische Philologie, Fritz Graf (gamomc.) ki _ 725
gverds da orive tomi, faqtobrivad, klasikuri filologiis Sesavlis funqcias
asrulebs, peter kraftis mier 2001 wels gamocemuli wigni Orientierung. Klassische
Philologie. Was sie kann, was sie will mcire formatis aris da mxolod 151 gverds Sei-
cavs.
Cveni mizania qarTul enaze iseTi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmna, romelic garkveul-
wilad sauniversiteto swavlebis programaSi am kursis moculobis Sesabamisi
iqneba. maqsimalurad SevecdebiT, masSi aisaxos dargis Tanamedrove done da mis-
dami midgomis Tanamedrove tendenciebi. SevecdebiT aseve, rom wignis e. w. biblio-
grafiuli nawili sasargeblo iyos ara marto studentebisaTvis, aramed speciali-
stebisa da dargiT dainteresebuli farTo wrisaTvis.
madloba gvinda movaxsenoT wignis redaqtors, qalbaton magda mWedliZes, ag-
reTve recenzentebs, qalbaton nana toniasa da irine darCias sayuradRebo SeniSv-
nebisa da rCevebisaTvis. avtorebi madlierebiT miiReben yvela SeniSvnasa da sur-
vils mkiTxvelisagan da gaiTvaliswineben wignis Semdgomi gamocemisas.

7
 klasikuri filologia rogorc
mecnierebis dargi da misi Seswavlis
istoria
klasikuri filologiis sagani.
klasikuri filologiis sagani. pirveli kiTxva, romelsac unda vupasuxoT Cvens
saxelmZRvaneloSi, amgvari iqneba: ras Seiswavlis klasikuri filologia? masze
mokled SeiZleba vupasuxoT Semdegnairad: Zveli saberZneTisa da romis civili-
zaciebs. Tavad termini klasikuri Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi sxvadasxvagvarad ga-
moiyeneba da dRes misi yvelaze gavrcelebuli da zogadi mniSvneloba aris `sauke-
Teso, umaRlesi, yvelaze srulyofili~. Sesabamisad, dRes sityva klasikuri Sei-
Zleba gamoiyenos nebismierma xalxma misi literaturis Tu saerTod mxatvruli
kulturis istoriis yvelaze ufro TvalsaCino epoqis aRsaniSnavad. klasikosi Se-
iZleba vuwodoT nebismier xelovans Tu inteleqtualur asparezze momuSave ada-
mians, romelic Tavisi Semoqmedebis sferoSi udides avtoritetad iTvleba. magram
rodesac terminiT klasikuri kacobriobis civilizaciis periods aRniSnaven, am
SemTxvevaSi uTuod igulisxmeba Zveli saberZneTi da Zveli romi. es mniSvneloba
terminma sakmaod mogvianebiT miiRo. igi warmoiSva laTinuri sityvisagan classis.
Zvel romSi mosaxleobas qonebrivi cenzis mixedviT eqvs klasad yofdnen, Semdgom
terminis gamoyenebis areali SeizRuda `umaRlesi klasis~ aRniSvniT. axal evropa-
Si klasika, klasikuri ukve Tavad Zveli saberZneTisa da romis mimarT iqna gamoye-
nebuli. amis paralelurad, rogorc ukve iTqva, terminma sakmaod gaifarTova
mniSvneloba da igi `umaRlesis, saukeTesos~ sinonimad iqca.
dRes Zveli saberZneTisa da romis aRsaniSnad klasikuris paralelurad
gvxvdeba sxva terminebic, romelTagan yvelaze popularulia aseve laTinuri sity-
vidan antiquus (`Zveli~) nawarmoebi termini antikuri. magram Tuki sityvaTSeTanxme-
baSi: klasikuri samyaro da antikuri samyaro araviTari gansxvaveba ar aris, didi
sxvaobaa sityvaTSeTanxmebaSi: klasikuri filologia da antikuri filologia,
radgan klasikuri filologia gulisxmobs mecnierebas Zveli saberZneTisa da
romis Sesaxeb, xolo antikuri filologia ki _ saerTod filologias antikur
samyaroSi. klasikuri filologiis sinonimad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas
berZnul-romauli filologiac. ukanasknel xanebSi imdenad gaizarda calke
berZnuli da calke romauli civilizaciebis kvlevis moculoba, rom sakmaod
xSirad maTac mijnaven erTmaneTisagan da gvxvdeba terminebi: berZnuli filologia
da romauli filologia. da mainc, msoflio mecnierebis praqtikaSi yvelaze miRe-
bul da dakanonebul formulad SeiZleba miviCnioT klasikuri filologia an
klasikuri siZveleTmcodneoba.
Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi klasikuri filologiis orgvari gageba arsebobs: vi-
wro da farTo. pirvel SemTxvevaSi mecnierebi ifarglebian arsebiTad filologi-
asTan dakavSirebuli disciplinebiT da miiCneven, rom klasikuri filologia moi-
cavs Semdeg disciplinebs: paleografia, teqstis kritika, hermenevtika, gramatika,

8
ritorika, berZeni da romaeli avtorebis esTetikuri anu literaturuli
kritika. farTo gagebiT, klasikuri filologia moicavs, arsebiTad, berZnul-ro-
maul civilizaciasTan dakavSirebul yvela disciplinas, romelTagan SeiZleba ga-
movyoT umTavresni: enis istoria, lingvistika, ritorika, metrika, literatura,
istoria, religia, miTologia, kulturis istoria, kerZo, saxelmwifo da samxe-
dro siZveleebi, geografia, qronologia, metrologia, numizmatika, epigrafika,
xelovnebis istoria, arqeologia.
ramdenadac Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi klasikuri filologiis spe-
cialobis studentTa momzadeba ufro am dargis farTo gagebiT mimdinareobs,
Cveni Sesavalic am principze iqneba agebuli da Cven ar SemovifarglebiT mxolod
da mxolod wminda filologiuri disciplinebis Sesaxeb msjelobiT. rogorc
vxedavT, is pirovneba, romelic irCevs am specialobas, unda ganewyos imisTvis, rom
filologiur-istoriul disciplinaTa sakmaod farTo speqtrTan eqneba saqme.
klasikuri enebis _ Zveli berZnulisa da laTinuris _ SeTvisebis garda mas
moeTxoveba Zveli samyaros civilizaciis TiTqmis yvela sferos safuZvliani Ses-
wavla. es, erTi mxriv, sakmao sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli, magram, meore
mxriv, mniSvnelovnad afarToebs pirovnebis Tvalsawiers da mas saSualebas aZlevs
warmatebiT imuSaos erTi SexedviT sul sxvadasxva dargSi.
ram ganapiroba klasikuri filologiis, rogorc mecnierebis dargis, esoden
kompleqsuri xasiaTi? upirveles yovlisa, iman, rom klasikuri filologiis sfe-
roSi muSaoba aucileblad gulisxmobs kvlevis procesSi mTeli am mravalmxrivi
informaciis gamoyenebas. a. m., SeuZlebelia dRes klasikuri filologiis specia-
listma daweros naSromi antikuri epoqis romelsame mweralze, rom mas se-
riozuli CaRrmaveba ar mouxdes ara marto literaturaTmcodneobisa da litera-
turis istoriis sakiTxebSi, aramed antikuri istoriis, enaTmecnierebis da a. S.
problematikaSi. qvemoT Cven davinaxavT, magaliTad, homerosis eposis mkvlevars
ramdeni disciplinis informaciisa da meTodebis gaTvaliswineba uxdeba kvlevis
procesSi.
rasakvirvelia, yovelive amis Semdeg dgeba qronologiuri sakiTxi: rogor
SeiZleba movaqcioT droSi mTeli is masala, rac klasikuri filologiis Seswav-
lis sagans warmoadgens? es, faqtobrivad, imis gansazRvras niSnavs, Tu berZnul-
romauli samyaros ganviTarebis ra qronologiur farglebs moicavs cneba anti-
kuri da antikuroba. am sakiTxze ufro detalurad msjeloba Semdeg TavebSi
gveqneba, aq ki mxolod mokled SevexebiT mas. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi terminiT an-
tikuri aRiniSneboda Zveli berZnuli da romauli kultura, romelsac iwyebdnen
Zv. w. I aTaswleulis dasabamiT da asrulebdnen ax. w. V-VI saukuneTa mijniT. dRes
periodizaciisadmi damokidebuleba ramdenadme Seicvala, radgan XIX saukunis
meore naxevridan dawyebulma brwyinvale arqeologiurma gaTxrebma egeosis zRvis
auzSi gamoavlina maRali donis kulturebi, romelTac TavianTi asaxva berZnul
miTebSi hpoves. swored amitom, mecnierTa umetesoba dRes gvTavazobs, antikuri
kulturis cikli daviwyoT Zv. w. II aTaswleulis pirveli naxevridan anu didi mi-
nosuri kulturis dasabamidan da davasruloT ax. w. V-VI saukuneTa mijniT.
drois mTeli es veeberTela monakveTi, romelic 25 saukuneze mets moicavs, bune-
brivia, iyofa periodebad, romelTac pirobiTad SegviZlia vuwodoT egeosuri
(Zv. w. II aTaswleuli), elinuri (Zv. w. I aTaswleulis dasawyisi _ Zv. w. IV saukunis
miwuruli), elinisturi (Zv. w. IV saukunis miwuruli _ Zv. w. I saukune), romauli

9
batonobis (Zv. w. I saukune _ ax. w. V-VI saukuneTa mijna). am periodebSi berZnebTan
da romaelebTan erTad antikuri kulturis arealSi mravali sxva xalxic eqceoda,
magram uSualod antikuri civilizaciis ZiriTad matareblebad SegviZlia miviC-
nioT berZnebi da romaelebi da, garkveulwilad, winaberZnuli mosaxleoba da
etruskebi. rasakvirvelia, am xnis ganmavlobaSi istoriul arenaze maT part-
niorobas uwevdnen sxvadasxva xalxebi, maT Soris antikuri epoqis saqarTvelos
mkvidrnic, dawyebuli legendaruli kolxididan, damTavrebuli egrisiTa da ibe-
riiT.
rogorc cnobilia, mecniereba Sesaswavli obieqtis Sesaxeb iqmneba imaze ufro
gvian, vidre Cndeba TviTon es obieqti. swored amitom, bunebrivia, seriozul fi-
lologiur kvlevaze ukve antikur epoqaSi, Tumca SedarebiT gviandeli periodi-
dan SegviZlia vimsjeloT. da mainc, es, rasakvirvelia, ar gamoricxavs, rom filo-
logiuri kvlevis calkeuli elementebi ukve antikuri kulturis sawyis stadieb-
zec vlindebodes, ris warmoCenasac qvemoT SevecdebiT.
filologia antikur samyaroSi.
filologia antikur samyaroSi. yvela is termini, romliTac dRes klasikuri
filologiis sferoSi moRvawe specialists aRvniSnavT, Tavisi warmoSobiT isev da
isev antikur samyaros ukavSirdeba da berZnuli enis safuZvelze aris aRmoce-
nebuli. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva ramdenime termini. filovlogo", rogorc
leqsikuri formativi, pirvelad platonTan (Zv. w. 427-347) gvxvdeba, Tumca masTan
am terminis mniSvneloba ar Seesabameba imas, rac man mogvianebiT moipova. es leqsi-
kuri formativi kompozitia da igi ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: fivlo" Seicavs `moyva-
rulis, axloblis, megobris~ mniSvnelobas, xolo lovgo" niSnavs `sityvas~ viwro
gagebiT, farTo gagebiT ki mas SeiZleba hqondes Zalze bevri mniSvneloba dawye-
buli `azridan~, damTavrebuli TviT `uzenaesi principiT~. amdenad, rom movindo-
moT am terminis Targmna, igi aseT saxes miiRebda: `sityvis megobari, moyvaruli~.
igi iwarmoeba ise, rogorc sxva mravali berZnuli termini, maT Soris filovsofo",
filavnqrwpo" da a. S.
platonTan am termins jer kidev ar aqvs Camoyalibebuli semantika da igi marT-
lac sakmaod zogadad SeiZleba aRniSnavdes sityvis moyvaruls, am cnebis yvelaze
ufro farTo gagebiT. pirvelad ki es leqsikuri formativi, CvenTvis cnobili
mniSvnelobiT, romelic met-naklebad Seesabameba filologiis Tanamedrove gage-
bas, gamoiyena eratosTenesma (Zv. w. 276-195). berZnuli enidan termini gadavida
laTinurSi (philologus) da iq man, ZiriTadad, eratosTenesis mier SemoTavazebuli
mniSvneloba SeinarCuna.
meore termini, romelic aseve xSirad gamoiyeneboda im adamianis mimarT, ro-
melsac saqme teqstTan hqonda, aris kritikov" (`kritikosi~, Sdr. laT. criticus), ro-
melic nawarmoebia sityvidan kritikhv (`garCeva~, `ganxilva~). igi pirvelad, rogorc
termini, gvxvdeba platonis saxeliT moRweul anu fsevdo-platonis, ucnobi avto-
ris TxzulebaSi `aqsioqosi~.
mesame terminia grammatikov" (`gramatikosi~, Sdr. laT. grammaticus), romelic aseve
xSirad gvxvdeba da dakavSirebulia zmna gravfw-dan (`vwer~) nawarmoeb fuZesTan
gravmma (`werili, dawerili~). am termins, faqtobrivad, filologis da kritikosis
sinonimuri mniSvneloba hqonda da, amasTanave, aRniSnavda imasac, ra azrsac vdebT
Cven dRes cnebaSi gramatika (grammatikhv). sayuradReboa, rom dionisios Trakielma
(Zv. w. 170-90) berZnuli enis gramatikas uwoda tevcnh grammatikhv.

10
 amdenad, rogorc vxedavT, terminologiur doneze filologiis, rogorc
dargis, yvela ZiriTadi gansazRvreba ukve antikur epoqaSi Seiqmna. amasTanave,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom antikur epoqaSi Camoyalibda Tavad filologiac, rogorc
mecniereba, am sityvis yvelaze ufro farTo gagebiT. rasakvirvelia, yvela mec-
nierebis aRmoceneba warmoadgens raRac procesis Sedegs da igi warmoiqmneba
mxolod mas Semdeg, rac mkafiod gamoikveTeba Sesaswavli obieqti. aseve iyo
filologiis SemTxvevaSic. filologia, rogorc mecniereba, Camoyalibda mxolod
mas Semdeg, rac aleqsandre makedonelis laSqrobebis Sedegad Seiqmna elinisturi
samyaro, Tumca am dargis formirebas win uZRoda mravalsaukunovani filologi-
uri xasiaTis kvlevebi. ramdenadac filologiam yvelaze did simaRles aleqsan-
driaSi miaRwia, xSirad mecnierebaSi nacvlad elinisturisa gamoiyeneben termins
aleqsandriuli filologia. sruliad naTelia, rom Tanamedrove epoqisgan
gansxvavebiT, filologia antikurobaSi klasikuri filologiis (Cveni gagebiT)
sinonimic iyo, Zveli filologebi xom, ZiriTadad, berZnuli da laTinuri teqste-
bis kvlevis farglebs ar scildebodnen. amdenad, maTi moRvaweoba SeiZleba
SevafasoT, rogorc klasikuri filologiis sawyisi etapi, romelmac Semdeg saer-
Tod Tanamedrove filologiis ganviTarebas misca biZgi, magram, rasakvirvelia,
filologiuri kvlevis elementebi SeiZleba gacilebiT ufro adreul epoqebSic
aRmovaCinoT.
aq ar SevexebiT amgvar cdebs Zveli aRmosavleTis qveynebSi, sadac teqstebis ga-
mocema, leqsikonebis da glosarebis Sedgena da a. S. Cveulebrivi movlena iyo. Se-
movifarglebiT mxolod antikuri samyaroTi. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom ukve kunZul
kretaze pirveli egeosuri damwerlobebis aRmocenebis fazaSi (Zv. w. II aTasw-
leulis pirveli naxevari), is muSaoba, rac egeosuri damwerlobis Semqmnelebma
Caatares, garkveulwilad, moicavda filologiur aspeqtsac, radgan maT antikur
samyaroSi pirvelebma SemogvTavazes fonemebis da fonemaTa jgufebis ara marto
grafikuli gamosaxulebebi, aramed gadmocemis garkveuli wesebic. rasakvirvelia,
garkveul `filologiur~ muSaobasTan iyo dakavSirebuli im mravalricxovan
gadamwerTa moRvaweoba, romelTac daadgines mikenuri epoqis (Zv. w. XVI-XII ss.)
berZnulis anu B-xazovanis orTografiuli wesebi. dRes Znelia imis Tqma, arse-
bobda Tu ara egeosur samyaroSi leqsikonebis Sedgenis cdebi, magaliTad, mino-
sur-berZnulis da a. S. aseve Znelia imis Tqmac, ramdenad mravalmxrivi iyo dam-
werlobis gamoyeneba informaciis teqstualuri fiqsaciis sferoSi.
Tuki egeosuri samyaro bevr kiTxvas aRZravs, samagierod, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom
berZnuli fonetikuri anbanis aRmocenebis Semdeg, sul ufro da ufro SesamCnevi
xdeba e. w. `filologiuri tendenciebis~ gaZliereba berZnul civilizaciaSi. Ta-
vad damwerlobis fonetikuri sistemis Seqmna ukve Zalze mniSvnelovani filolo-
giuri samuSaos CatarebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli da SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom vinc es
revolucia moaxdina damwerlobis istoriaSi, igi sakmaod adekvaturad aRiqvamda
berZnuli enis fonologiur sistemas. rasakvirvelia, filologiuri elementebi
unda davinaxoT imaSic, rom ukve homerosis epoqidan poeziaSi Semodis da
mkvidrdeba sxvadasxva metruli sistema da azris metrulad Camoyalibebis wesebi.
garkveuli SeTanxmebis gareSe, romelic unda arsebuliyo momReralTa mTel
TaobebSi, SeuZlebeli iqneboda im erTianobis miRweva, rac heqsametriT gamarTul
uZveles nawarmoebebSi SeiniSneba. magram pirveli berZeni mwerlebi am mimarTule-
biT ufro Sors wavidnen da es savsebiT gasagebia, radgan, rogorc qvemoT davi-

11
naxavT, Tavad egeosuri kulturis berZnul modelSi iyo Cadebuli analitikuri
azrovnebis ganviTarebis aucilebloba. Tavi rom davaneboT epikuri nawarmoebebis
agebis Zalze saintereso principebs, rac aSkarad gulisxmobda, rom Zveli poetebi
seriozulad fiqrobdnen Txzulebis kompoziciis kanonebze, ukve homerosis (Zv. w.
VIII s.) eposSi da ufro metad hesiodesTan (Zv. w. VII s.) gvxvdeba e. w. xalxuri eti-
mologiis SemTxvevebi. anu poeti gvTavazobs ama Tu im sakuTari saxelis mniSv-
nelobis axsnis cdas.
filologis TvalisaTvis SesamCnevi bevri elementi SegviZlia aRmovaCinoT ber-
Zen lirikosTa SemoqmedebaSic. upirveles yovlisa, es exeba leqsTwyobis sistemis
saocar gamravalferovnebas, literaturuli dialeqtebis normaTa mkacr dacvas.
zogierTi mkvlevris azriT, anakreonis erT-erT fragmentSi saxel kleobulosis
sxvadasxva brunvaSi gadmocemis Segnebuli cdac ki SegviZlia davadasturoT. ma-
gram, rasakvirvelia, pirveli seriozuli nabiji filologiis Camoyalibebisaken
gadaidga maSin, rodesac poeturi nawarmoebebis Sesaxeb specialuri naSromebis
wera daiwyo. kvlevisa da dakvirvebis obieqtad iqca literaturuli Semoqmedebis
produqti. albaT, garkveuli samuSao homerosis teqstis wesrigSi mosayvanad ukve
Zv. w. VI saukuneSi Catarda pisistratosis dros, romlis mier Seqmnil e. w. `sare-
daqcio kolegiaze~ migviTiTebs zogierTi antikuri wyaro. faqtia, rom is
teqstebi, romlebic panaTeneebze sistematurad Sesasruleblad dadginda, mis Cam-
werTa Tu gadamwerTa mier garkveuli muSaobis Catarebas mainc gulisxmobda, Tun-
dac orTografiis doneze, risi Sedegic, zogierTi mkvlevris azriT, homerosis
eposSi dadasturebuli aticizmis SemTxvevebi unda iyos.
rasakvirvelia, CvenTvis ufro sainteresoa is saxelebi, romlebic dakavSire-
bulni arian procesTan, rasac literaturuli teqstis kvleva SeiZleba vuwodoT.
pirveli CvenTvis cnobili aseTi figura unda yofiliyo Teagenes regioneli (Zv. w.
VI s.), romelsac Seuqmnia naSromi homerosis Sesaxeb.
literaturis mimarT gansakuTrebuli interesi filosofosTa wreSi gamoik-
veTa, upirveles yovlisa, sofistebTan, romlebmac Zv. w. V saukuneSi azrovnebis
istoriaSi erT-erTi cnobili moZraoba Seqmnes. isini, rogorc wyaroebi gvauwye-
ben, ama Tu im garemoebasTan dakavSirebiT, sakmaod xSirad mimarTavdnen litera-
turuli teqstebis analizs. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda protagoras ab-
dereli (Zv. w. 481-411); aseve cnobili unda yofiliyo vinme hipias eliseli (prota-
gorasze axalgazrda), romelsac gansakuTrebiT ainteresebda homerosis eposi.
da mainc, pirveli WeSmaritad seriozuli literaturuli kritika isev da isev
mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi dasturdeba. komediografosi aristofane (Zv. w. V s.) qmnis
piesas `bayayebi~, sadac komediis formiT warmodgenilia ori genialuri tragi-
kosis, esqilesa da evripides Semoqmedebis Sefaseba. am komediaSi gadmocemuli
mravali Tvalsazrisi berZnuli tragediis mkvlevarTaTvis dResac fundamenturad
iTvleba.
Zalze sayuradReboa am mxriv platonis Txzulebebi, romlebSic mwerali gvTa-
vazobs literaturis mravali kuTxiT kvlevas, rac myar safuZvels uqmnis WeSma-
riti filologiis aRmocenebas. platonis mosazrebebi literaturisa da xelovne-
bis Sesaxeb imdenad mravalmxrivia, rom maT analizs Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi
araerTi naSromi mieZRvna. zogierTi mkvlevari SesaZleblad Tvlis Seqmnas mono-
grafia platonis literaturuli Teoriis Sesaxebac ki, Tumca am ukanasknels ar-
sad ar ucdia calke Camoeyalibebina literaturis Teoria.

12
 amasve ver vityviT mis mowafesa da umcros Tanamedroveze, aristoteleze (Zv. w.
384-322), romlisganac dagvrCa sayovelTaod cnobili `poetika~ (peri; poihti-
kh'"), pirveli Teoriuli traqtati poeturi xelovnebis Sesaxeb. marTalia, es
aris aristoteles leqciebis konspeqturi da arasruli Canawerebi, ris gamoc
masSi bevri ram Zalze mokled aris Tqmuli da teqsts zogierTi nawili aSkarad
aklia, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aristoteles `poetika~ dResac literaturis
TeoriaSi Seqmnil erT-erT ubrwyinvales naSromad iTvleba. aristotelem Tavis
naSromSi warmogvidgina im cnebebis didi nawili, romelTac dResac iyenebs lite-
raturaTmcodneoba, pirvelad SemogvTavaza literaturis arsis gageba, misi Jan-
rebad dayofis principebi da calkeul mweralTa Semoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteri-
umebic. `poetikis~ garda, aristoteles unda hqonoda `didaskaliebi~ (didaska-
livai) anu Teatralur festivalebSi gamarjvebulTa nusxa, romelsac Semdeg gamoi-
yenebda yvela, vinc antikur samyaroSi klasikuri Teatris istoriis sakiTxebs
Seiswavlida. enasa da literaturasTan dakavSirebuli araerTi sakiTxia ganx-
iluli aristoteles `ritorikaSi~, xolo homerosze gansakuTrebuli msjeloba
mas hqonia Cvenamde armoRweul naSromSi `homerosis problemebi~.
Zv. w. IV saukunis meore naxevarSi aTenis kulturul cxovrebaSi sakmaod say-
uradRebo movlena xdeba. cnobili moRvawe likurgosi mniSvnelovan nabijs dgams
imiT, rom sami genialuri tragikosis: esqiles, sofoklesa da evripides tragedie-
bis teqstis e. w. `aTenur saxelmwifo variants~ adgens. am faqtis mniSvneloba
naTeli gaxdeba, Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT Semdeg garemoebas. Zv. w. V s-Si, rodesac
es tragikosebi moRvaweobdnen, aTenis Teatralur festivalebze erTi tragediis
mxolod erTxel gamotana iyo wesad. gamonaklisi dauSves Tavdapirvelad mxolod
tragediis mamis _ esqiles mimarT Zv. w. 456 wels, misi sikvdilis Semdeg. xolo mas
Semdeg, rac gardaicvalnen sofokle da evripide (Zv. w. 406 wels), amgvari ga-
monaklisi dauSves samive tragikosis mimarT. es imas niSnavda, rom am dramaturgTa
nawarmoebebi saberZneTis TeatrebSi SeiZleboda mravalgzis warmodgeniliyo. am
procesSi, bunebrivia, sxvadasxva reJisori pirvandel teqsts Tavisi Sexedule-
bisamebr cvlida, amoklebda an Sehqonda masSi damatebebi. ase rom, Zv. w. IV sau-
kuneSi, albaT, diadi sameulis tragediebis uamravi `redaqcia~ arsebobda. saWiro
iyo originaluri teqstebis gadarCena amgvari Seryvnisagan. es miznad daisaxa li-
kurgosma da swored misi wyalobiT Seiqmna am tragikosTa teqstebis originalTan
maqsimalurad miaxloebuli variantebi. bunebrivia, es samuSao ver ganxorcielde-
boda filologiuri Carevis gareSe.
unda aRiniSnos aseve aristoteles moswavleebis, e. w. peripatetikosTa moRvaw-
eoba. heraklides pontoelma (Zv. w. 388-310) Seqmna naSromebi rogorc calkeuli
mwerlis _ homerosis, evripides, aseve Txzulebebi ori mwerlis Semoqmedebis Se-
darebis mimarTulebiTac, a. m. arqiloqosis da homerosis, homerosis da hesiodesi
da a. S. cnobili yofila qameleonis (Zv. w. IV s-is meore naxevari) naSromebic
Zveli komediis, hesiodes, stesiqorosis, safos, anakreonis, alkeosis da a. S. Sesa-
xeb. Teofrastos eresoselma (Zv. w. 372-287/6), aristoteles udidesma mowafem sax-
eli gaiTqva Tavisi naSromebiT esqileze. dikearqoss mesenedan (Zv. w. IV-III) Seuqm-
nia naSromebi saberZneTis kulturis istoriis Sesaxeb: `eladis cxovreba~ (Bivo"
@Ellavdo")//, `musikaluri agonebis Sesaxeb~ (Peri; mousikw'n ajgwvnwn), agreTve `hipoTe-
sisebi sofoklesa da evripidesaTvis~ (@Upoqevsei" tw'n Eujripivdou kai; Sofoklevou"
muvqwn), piTagoras, qsenofanesis, platonis, savaraudod, agreTve Svidi brZenis

13
cxovreba (Bivoi filosovfwn). demetriosi faleronidan (daaxl. Zv. w. 350-280) aTenSi
cnobili ritori da mecnieri iyo. mas hqonia naSromebi: `ritorikis Sesaxeb~ (Peri;
rJhtorikh'"), homerosisa da komediografos antifanesis Sesaxeb. masve Seudgenia
Svidi brZenis gnomebis anu gamonaTqvamebis krebulic (Gnw'mai tw'n eJpta; sofw'n), ro-
melsac, savaraudod, Tan erToda maTi avtorebis biografiebic (Bivoi). peripa-
tetikosTagan aseve cnobilebi iyvnen praqsifanes rodoseli, antigonosi karisto-
sidan, filoqorosi aTenidan, kraterosi. maTi umetesoba Zv. w. IV-III saukuneTa mi-
jnaze moRvaweobda da, amdenad, isini warmoadgendnen rogorc klasikuri, aseve
elinisturi epoqis mecnierebas.
im cvlilebebis Semdeg, rac aleqsandre makedonelis laSqrobebs mohyva, gansa-
kuTrebiT did simaRles miaRwia filologiurma kvleva-Ziebam. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom, faqtobrivad, filologia Tavisi namdvili saxiT swored am epoqidan aRmo-
cenda. amas Tavisi mravali mizezi hqonda, upirveles yovlisa ki is, rom aleqsan-
dre makedonelis mier dapyrobil veeberTela sivrceze gadaWimuli samyarosaTvis
aucilebeli iyo sulieri sazrdos intensiurad miwodeba. am procesSi, rasak-
virvelia, erT-erT wamyvan rols berZnuli literatura asrulebda. bunebrivia,
daisva avtorTa axali gamocemebis momzadebis da maTi Semoqmedebis safuZvliani
Seswavlis sakiTxi.
am epoqaSi mravali kulturuli centri Seiqmna. Tavisi mniSvnelobiT gamor-
Ceuli iyo aleqsandria da pergamoni. ukve elinisturi dinastiis egvipteSi aRmo-
cenebis pirvelsave periodSi ptolemaios I-ma (daaxl. Zv. w. 366-283) didi Zalisx-
meva mimarTa iqiTken, rom aleqsandria udides kulturul centrad eqcia. mraval
sxva movlenasTan erTad, Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo museionis (daaxloebiT Cveni mec-
nierebaTa akademiis tipis dawesebulebis) da aleqsandriis cnobili biblioTekebis
Seqmna. biblioTekis muSaobis pirvelsave wlebSi masSi 280000-mde gragnili iqna
Tavmoyrili. maTma raodenobam Zv. w. I saukunisaTvis ukve 700000-s miaRwia. dRes
aravis SeuZlia zustad Tqvas, ramdeni milioni nawarmoebi iyo fiqsirebuli am
gragnilebze. esoden grandiozuli biblioTekis muSaobis warmarTva, rasakvir-
velia, did Zalisxmevas moiTxovda da mxolod maRali organizaciis pirobebSi
SeiZleboda biblioTekas warmatebiT emuSava.
klasikuri epoqis diad berZnul literaturaze moTxovnilebis ganuxrelma
zrdam warmoqmna berZen avtorTa nawarmoebebis axali gamocemebis momzadebis au-
cilebloba. Tavis mxriv aman biZgi misca filologiuri kvleva-Ziebis manamde ar-
naxul, savsebiT axal doneze ayvanas. dResac ki gaocebas iwvevs elinisturi epoqis
didi filologebis Sromismoyvareoba da produqtiuloba. mravali maTgani spe-
cialur filologiur gamokvlevebsa da naSromebTan erTad axerxebda ramdenime
berZeni avtoris kritikuli gamocemis momzadebas. amgvari publikacia ki marTlac
titanur Sromas moiTxovda, radgan, erTi mxriv, saWiro iyo mkvlevris mier uam-
ravi xelnaweris Sejereba da iseTi teqstis dadgena, romelic, misi azriT, maqsi-
malurad miaxloebuli iyo originalTan, xolo, meore mxriv, am gamocemebisaTvis
Zalze mniSvnelovani komentarebisa da kvleviTi nawilis darTva, romliTac elin-
isturi epoqis mkiTxvelisaTvis unda ganemartaT mravali iseTi ram, rac maTTvis
ukve ucnobi iyo da, amasTanave, swori mimarTulebiT waremarTaT maTi momzadeba
maRal literaturasTan ziarebisaTvis.
aleqsandriel filologTa Soris qronologiurad pirvelad moixsenieben fi-
letass kosidan (Zv. w. 325-285), ptolemaios filadelfosis maswavlebels, romel-

14
sac Seudgenia pirveli mecnieruli leqsikoni (#Atakta anu #Ataktoi glw'ssai.
Glw'ssai), romelic Semdgom sxvadasxva damatebebiT gamoicemoda xolme.
aleqsandriis biblioTekis pirveli biblioTekari iyo Zenodotos efeseli
(daaxl. Zv. w. 325-260). mas miaweren epikosTa Semoqmedebis wesrigSi moyvanas da
homerologiis sferoSi sayuradRebo naSromis Tu naSromebis Seqmnas (Glw'ssai
@Omhrikaiv. Diovrqwsi" @Omhvrou). masve unda Seeqmna e. w. suggravmmata (`narkvevebi~) he-
siodes `TeogoniisaTvis~, anakreonisaTvis, pindarosisaTvis da moemzadebina am av-
torebis pirveli kritikuli gamocemebi. Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo biblioTekaSi
likofron qalkiselis (Zv. w. IV-III ss.) moRvaweobac. mas ekuTvnis vrceli naSromi
`komediis Sesaxeb~ (Peri; kwmw/diva").
aleqsandriis biblioTekis meore biblioTekari iyo cnobili mecnieri da poeti
kalimaqos kireneli (daaxl. Zv. w. 310-240). mas, zogierTi cnobis mixedviT, 800-ze
meti wigni dauweria. igi iyo pinakebis (Pivnake" _ sabiblioTeko Canawerebi da-
febze anu baraTebi) ZiriTadi ganmgebeli da momwesrigebeli. rogorc Cans,
swored mis dros dalagda es pinakebi dargebis mixedviT: I _ poetebi, II _ kanonmde-
blebi, III _ filosofosebi, IV _ istorikosebi, V _ mWevrmetyvelebi da ritorebi,
VI _ sxvadasxva. kalimaqosze, rogorc mweral-novatorze, Cven literaturisadmi
miZRvnil TavSi vimsjelebT.
eratosTenes kireneli, rogorc aRvniSneT, pirveli iyo, vinc Tavisi saqmianoba
gansazRvra terminiT filovlogo". is, albaT, yvela drois mecnierTa Soris yvelaze
ufro mravalmxrivi iyo. mas hqonda ara mxolod filologiuri xasiaTis naS-
romebi, aramed igi iTvleba mecnieruli geografiis da qronologiis fuZemdeblad
(Gewgrafikav. Peri; cronografiw'n). masve Seuqmnia monografia `Zveli komediis Ses-
axeb~ (Peri; th'" ajrcaiva" kwmw/diva"). igi iyo mesame biblioTekari.
aristofane bizantioneli (daaxl. Zv. w. 257-180) erTxmad iyo da aris aRiare-
buli antikurobis udides filologad. igi iyo meoTxe biblioTekari. mas
filologiis mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis mraval mniSvnelovan saqmes miaweren.
mas SemouRia pirvelad prosodiis, maxvilis, spiritusis niSnebi, risi saWiroebac
ukve warmoiqmna elinistur epoqaSi, radgan berZnul enaSi mimdinareobda arsebiTi
fonologiuri cvlilebebis procesi. magram gansakuTrebul aRfrTovanebas iwvevs
misi, rogorc kritikuli gamocemebis ganmxorcieleblis, moRvaweoba. mas, ZiriTa-
dad, saswavlo mizniT kritikuli niSnebiT, SesavlebiT, saTanado komentarebiT
gamoucia homerosi, hesiode; lirikosebi: alkmani, alkeosi, anakreoni, simonidesi,
pindarosi, arqiloqosi; tragikosebi da komediografosebi. mas Seuqmnia funda-
menturi mecnieruli naSromebi, agreTve sxvadasxva xasiaTis leqsikonebi da encik-
lopediuri cnobarebi. masve ekuTvnis, rogorc Cans, e. w. aleqsandriuli kanonis
(Canon Alexandrinus) Seqmna. es iyo, faqtobrivad, Janrebis mixedviT im mwerlebis
CamonaTvali, romlebic Sesabamisi JanrebisaTvis WeSmarit klasikosebad SeiZleba
CagveTvala. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis aqve movitanT am avtorTa nusxas:
Canon Alexandrinus
epikosebi: homerosi, hesiode, peisandrosi, paniasisi, <antimaqosi>.1
iambikosebi: semonides amorgoseli, arqiloqosi, hiponaqsi.

1
< > – mogvianebiT Camatebuli avtorebi.
(?) – ar aris zustad cnobili, iyvnen Tu ara es avtorebi nusxaSi.
[ ] – kanonis savaraudo nawili.

15
 tragikosebi: esqile, sofokle, evripide, <ioni, aqeosi>.
komikosebi: Zveli komedia: epiqarmosi, kratinosi, evpolisi, aristofane, ferek-
ratesi (?), kratesi (?), platoni (?); saSualo komedia: antifanesi, aleqsisi; axali
komedia: menandrosi, filipidesi (?), difilosi, filemoni, apolodorosi (?).
elegikosebi: kalinosi, mimnermosi, <filitasi, kalimaqosi>.
lirikosebi: alkmani, alkeosi, safo, stesiqorosi, pindarosi, bakqilidesi, ibi-
kosi, anakreoni, simonidesi.
istorikosebi: herodotosi, Tukididesi, qsenofoni, filistosi (?), Teopom-
posi, eforosi, <anaqsimenesi, kalisTenesi, helanikosi, polibiosi>.
[ritorebi: demosTenesi, lisiasi, hipereidesi, isokratesi, esqinesi, likur-
gosi, isaiosi, antifoni, andokidesi, deinarqosi].

aristofanes mowafeTa Soris udidesi filologi iyo aristarqos samoTrakie-

li (Zv. w. 217/5-145/3), mexuTe biblioTekari. is mTeli antikurobisaTvis iTvleboda
kritikosad kat j ejxochvn, anu sxvaTa winaSe upiratesobis mqoned. mas didi wvlili
miuZRvis filologTa mTeli Taobis aRzrdis saqmeSi. zogierTi wyaros mixedviT,
aristarqoss 40-ze meti didi filologi aRuzrdia, romlebic misi meTodebiT
muSaobdnen teqstebis kritikuli gamocemis dros.
amoniosi (Zv. w. II s.) meeqvse da ukanaskneli cnobili biblioTekari iyo aleqsan-
driaSi. garda amisa, aleqsandriaSi moRvaweobda iseTi cnobili filologi, ro-
goric iyo apolodorosi (daaxl. Zv. w. 170-90). gansakuTrebiT unda gamoiyos
aristarqosis mowafis, dionisios Trakielis moRvaweoba, romelsac kritikuli
gamocemebis garda, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Seuqmnia berZnuli enis pirveli grama-
tika (tevcnh grammatikhv). did filologTa tradiciebs Zv. w. I saukunis da ax. w. I
saukuneTa mijnaze agrZelebda didimos aleqsandrieli (daaxl. Zv. w. 65 _ ax. w. 10),
romlis sagamomcemlo da mecnierul-filologiuri kvlevis masStabebi aseve gan-
sacvifrebelia. aleqsandrieli filologebisaTvis cdilobdnen toli ar daedoT
pergamonel moRvaweebsac. maTgan gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeodnen: qrisiposi solo-
sidan (Zv. w. 280-206), kratesi malosidan (Zv. w. II s.). filologiuri muSaoba elin-
istur epoqaSi daarsebul centrebSi grZeldeboda elinisturi saxelmwifoebis
daqveiTebis Semdgomac, rodesac elinisturi samyaro romis imperiis farglebSi
aRmoCnda.
filologTa mravalricxovani Taobebis Sromis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mimar-
Tuleba iyo sqolioebis anu ganmartebebis Sedgena sxvadasxva avtorebisaTvis.
sqolioebi, faqtobrivad, warmoadgendnen universaluri xasiaTis ganmartebebs ama
Tu im nawarmoebisaTvis Tu avtorisaTvis, romelSic mkiTxveli naxavda rogorc
lingvistur, aseve literaturul-Teoriul, istoriul, kulturul-istoriul
da a. S. xasiaTis komentarebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sqolioebi Sedgenili iyo yve-
la mniSvnelovani avtorisaTvis: homerosi, hesiode, pindarosi, esqile, sofokle,
evripide, aristotele, Tukididesi, platoni, aristarqosi, demosTenesi, esqinesi,
likofroni, apolonios rodoseli, kalimaqosi, aratosi, Teokritosi, nikan-
drosi. zogierTma am sqolioebidan met-naklebad sruli an transformirebuli
saxiT Cvenamdec moaRwia. magaliTad, cnobilia homerosis da sxvaTa sqolioebi.
bunebrivia, filologiuri muSaobis warmarTvam ori mimarTulebiT _ teqstebis
gamocema da enobrivi analizi _ filologebi miiyvana, erTi mxriv, kritikuli niS-

16
nebis sistemis Seqmnamde, xolo, meore mxriv, gramatikuli terminologiis Camo-
yalibebamde. teqstis kritikul aparatSi kritikul niSanTa Semomtanad iTvleba
Zenodotos efeseli. aristofane bizantioneli da aristarqos samoTrakieli
mniSvnelovnad amravalferovneben kritikul niSanTa sistemas. Cven aq ar Sevudge-
biT yvela kritikuli niSnis aRnusxvas da maTi kombinaciebis Cvenebas, CamovTvliT
mxolod zogierT maTgans:
kritikuli niSnebi
ojbelov" (_)
mokle horizontaluri xazi. ganTavsebuli iyo teqstis marcxena mxares. am niS-
niT aRiniSneboda is adgili teqstSi, romelic araavTenturad iyo miCneuli. mas
gamoiyenebda Zenodotos efeseli homerosis teqstis kritikuli gamocemisas ara-
poetiseuli an Seryvnilad miCneuli adgilebis aRsaniSnavad.
ajsterivsko" kaq j eJautovn (ì)
aristarqos samoTrakieli am niSans striqonis ganmeorebisas iyenebda. igi as-
teriskoss svamda iq, ra adgilsac marTebulad miiCnevda, xolo interpolirebul
adgils igi asteriskosiTa da obelosiT uTiTebda. kritikul gamocemebSi aster-
iskosi odis dasasruls aRniSnavda. alkeosis gamocemaSi aristofane am niSniT sa-
zomis monacvleobas, aristarqosi ki _ erTi leqsidan Semdegze gadasvlas aRniS-
navda.
diplh' ajperivstikto" / kaqarav (>) / (<)
gansakuTrebiT xSirad iyenebda aristarqosi. am niSans sul sxvadasxva funqcia
SeiZleboda hqonoda. magaliTad, am niSniT SeiZleba aRniSnuli yofiliyo rogorc
erTxel gamoyenebuli sityva, aseve is leqsikuri formativi, romelsac mravali
mniSvneloba hqonda.
ojbelo;" meta; ajsterivskou (─ì)
obelosi asteriskosTan erTad ixmareboda versus iteratus-is SemTxvevaSi, anu
roca striqoni ara marto Seusabamo adgilas iyo ganTavsebuli, aramed amasTanave
interpolaciis Sedegad (an gviandel CanarTad) iyo miCneuli.
ojbelo;" periestigmevno" (÷)
gamoiyeneboda im adgilebis misaTiTeblad, romlebic umarTebulod iyo uary-
ofili.
diplh' periestigmevnh (?)
am niSniT aristarqosi aRniSnavda im adgilebs, sadac Zenodotoss ewinaaRmdege-
boda.
ajntivsigma sivgma (:)
antisigma ganTavsebuli iyo im striqonebTan, romelTa Tanamimdevroba Secv-
lili iyo. aristofane aRniSnavda am niSniT erTi da imave Sinaarsis erTmaneTs mi-
yolebul striqonebs.
ajntivsigma periestigmevnon (;)
gamoiyeneboda msgavsi Sinaarsis ori striqonis saCveneblad, anu tavtologiis
dros, roca erTi da imave azris mqone ori striqonis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi saeWvo
iyo, Tu romlis datoveba sjobda.

17
 kerauvnion (T)
daaxloebiT imas aRniSnavda, rasac obelosi, anu, roca saeWvo iyo ama Tu im
striqonis avTenturoba.
crhvsimon (c)
qresimoni Seesabameba aristarqosis mier diples gamoyenebis SemTxvevebs. gamoi-
yeneboda tragikosebis da aristofanes sqolioebSi.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, elinistur epoqaSi Camoyalibebuli saxe miiRo
gramatikulma terminologiam. aqve movitanT sqemas, sadac warmodgenili iqneba,
Tu romel avtors ekuTvnis ama Tu im terminis Semotana berZnulSi an laTinurSi.
aseve asaxuli iqneba erTi da imave terminis sxvadasxva avtorTan damowmebuli
gansxvavebuli saxeldebis SemTxvevebic.
umTavresi gramatikuli terminebi
berZnuli laTinuri qarTuli mniSvneloba
I. #Onoma I. Nomen 1. saxeli
1. Gevno" I. Genus I. sqesi
to; a[rren, qh'lu, skeu'o" virile, muliebre, neutrum, commune mamrobiTi, mdedrobiTi,
(aristotele – ta; metaxu; (canis), promiscuum (aquila); saSualo, saerTo
ojnovmata; stoikosebi – kvintilianusi – masculinum,
oujdevteron); aleqsandrieli femininum;
swavlulebi + koinovn (oJ / hJ varoni – mas, femina / virile, mu-
bou'"), ejpivkoinon (oJ ajetov") liebre

2. !Ariqmov" 2. Numerus 2. ricxvi

eJnikov", plhquntikov", dui>kov" varoni, keisari – singularis, mxolobiTi, mravlo-
multitudo; kvintilianusi – plu- biTi, orobiTi
ralis; geliusi – plurativus

3. Klivsi", Ptwvsei" 3. Declinatio, casus: 3. bruneba, brunvebi

a) ojnomastikhv, eujqei'a, ojrqhv
b) genikhv, patrikhv, kthtikhv
c) dotikhv, ejpistaltikhv
d) aijtiatikhv
e) klhtikhv, prosagoreutikhv
a) varoni – nominativus; nigidi- saxelobiTi
usi – rectus
b) nigidiusi – casus interrogandi; naTesaobiTi
varoni – patricus, communis;
kvintilianusi – paternus, pa-
trius, possessivus, genetivus
c) nigidiusi, varoni – casus micemiTi
dandi; kvintilianusi – commen-
dativus, dativus
d) casus accusandi – varoni, incu- braldebiTi
sativus, accusativus
e) casus vocandi – varoni, saluta- wodebiTi
torius, vocativus
f) sextus, Latinus casus – varoni: ablativusi
“quia Latinae linguae proprius est”,
ablativus

II. Verbum, Coniugatio II. zmna, uRleba

II. @Rh'ma, Suzugiva
a) Genera, adfectus, significatio a) gvari
a) Diaqevsei"
activum, passivum, neutrum, com- moqmedebiTi, vnebiTi, sa-
aristotele _ poiei'n,
mune, deponens / simplex; Suali
pavscein (ejnevrgeia, pavqo");
varoni – verba faciendi et patiendi
stoikosebi – ojrqovn, u{ption,

18
 oujdevteron (gardauv. medi-
umi), mevsh (mediumi);
dionisiosi – ejnevrgeia,
pavqo", mesovth"; gviandeli
avtorebi – ejnergetikhv,
paqhtikhv, mesovth"
b) kilo
b) !Egklivsei" b) Modi, qualitates, status, inclina- TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi,
dionisiosi – oJristikhv, tio natvriTi, brZanebiTi
prostatikhv, eujktikh,v uJpotak- finitus, indicativus, imperativus, ganusazRvrelobiTi
tikhv, ajparevmfato" optativus, subiunctivus, infinitus,
infinitivus
g) droebi
c) Crovnoi awmyo, momavali, war-
c) Tempora
plat. (sof. 262 c) – peri; tw'n suli, namyo warsuli,
praesens (instans), futurum,
o[ntwn h] gignomevnwn h] ge- namyo winare warsuli
praeteritum / imperfectum, perfec-
gonovtwn h] mellovntwn; arist. tum, plusquamperfectum;
(top. 2, 4) – to; me;n ga;r tou' futurum exactum da consecutio
parelhluqovto" crovnou ejstiv, temporum (ar aris antikuri
to; de; kai; tou' parovnto" kai;
terminebi)
tou' mevllonto"; stoikosebi
– ejnestw'ta, parw/chkovta,
mevllonta; dionisiosi –
ejnestwv", parelhluqwv",
mevllwn. oJ parelhluqw;" e[cei
diafora;" tevssara": parata-
tikovn (imperf.), parakeivmenon
(tevleion), uJposuntelikovn
(uJpertevleion), ajovriston d) piri
pirveli, meore, mesame
d) Provswpa d) Personae
prw'ton, deuvteron, trivton
prima, secunda, tertia

bunebrivia, antikur samyaroSi filologiuri mecniereba ar viTardeboda

mxolod saberZneTSi. sakmaod mniSvnelovani muSaoba tardeboda am mxriv romSic.
aq, iseve rogorc saberZneTSi, mkvlevrebi ar ifarglebodnen oden filologiuri
moRvaweobiT. isini imavdroulad cnobili mwerlebi da enciklopedistebi iyvnen.
amitom ar aris gasakviri, rom filologiis ganviTarebaSi didi wvlili Seitanes
poetebma, mWevrmetyvelebma, filosofosebma, romelTa moRvaweobaSi wminda filo-
logiuri muSaoba mxolod erTi, albaT, arcTu mniSvnelovani mimarTuleba iyo.
pirveli didi enciklopedisti da filologi, romlis muSaobis masStabebi
aSkarad utoldeba didi aleqsandrielebis muSaobis masStabebs, iyo terencius
varoni (Zv. w. 116-27), romelsac hqonia rogorc istoriuli xasiaTis Txzuleba `ad-
amianur da RvTiur saqmeTa siZveleebi~ (Antiquitates rerum humanarum et divinarum),
aseve literaturis istoriis Sesaxeb naSromebi: `biblioTekebis Sesaxeb~ (De biblio-
thecis), `plavtusis sakiTxebi~ (Quaestiones Plautinae), gramatika `laTinuri enis Ses-
axeb~ (De Lingua Latina). saintereso figura iyo higinusi, aleqsandre polihis-
toris mowafe (Zv. w. 60 _ ax. w. 10), romelsac Seuqmnia sxvadasxva xasiaTis komen-
tarebi da naSromebi. brwyinvale filologiur naSromad unda CavTvaloT cno-
bili poetis, horaciusis (Zv. w. 65 _ ax. w. 8) `poeturi xelovneba~ (Ars poetica), ro-
melSic aristotelesgan gansxvavebiT, poeturi formiT aris Camoyalibebuli
mwerlis ZiriTadi mosazrebebi poetikis Sesaxeb. literaturaTmcodneobis isto-

19
riisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs kvintilianusis (ax. w. 35-95) `oratorebis
aRzrdas~ (Institutio oratoria), romlis X wignSi igi, faqtobrivad, antikuri lit-
eraturis saintereso mimoxilvas gvTavazobs.
bunebrivia, romaeli filologebis winaSe idga laTinur da berZnulenovan
samyaroebs Soris literaturuli procesebis Sedarebis sakiTxi. Tuki gaviTval-
iswinebT, rom garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi ganaTlebuli romaelebi ber-
Znuls flobdnen da originalis enaze kiTxulobdnen berZnul literaturas,
naTeli gaxdeba, Tu ramdenad mdidar masalas iyenebdnen isini TavianTi filolo-
giuri kvlevisa Tu TeoriebisaTvis. berZnebis msgavsad, romaelebmac Seqmnes sqo-
lioebi yvela ZiriTadi avtorisaTvis: vergiliusi, ovidiusi, horaciusi, neviusi,
plavtusi, terenciusi, lukiliusi, lukreciusi, ciceroni, salustiusi, germani-
kusi, lukanusi, iuvenalisi, staciusi.
Tuki ramdenime sityviT SevajamebT filologiuri mecnierebis mier ganvlil
gzas antikur samyaroSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom berZenma da romaelma moRvaweebma
kacobriobas udidesi memkvidreoba dautoves klasikuri literaturis Seswavlis
sferoSi. literaturuli teqstis gamocemis, interpretirebis, mecnieruli Ses-
wavlis TvalsazrisiT, maT uTuod Seqmnes erTgvari paradigma imisa, Tu rogori
unda iyos WeSmariti filologiuri muSaoba. rasakvirvelia, momdevno saukuneebma
bevri miiRo am memkvidreobidan da, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cven dResac, xSir
SemTxvevaSi, antikuri filologiis safuZvels veyrdnobiT.
bizantia da Sua saukuneebi.
bizantia da Sua saukuneebi. Sua saukuneebSi klasikuri filologiis istoriaSi
ori tendencia SeiZleba gamovyoT: erTi dakavSirebulia bizantiasTan da igi Zveli
berZnuli civilizaciis, kerZod, Zveli berZnuli enisa da literaturis sakmaod
Rrma da intensiuri SeswavliT aRiniSna. meore – dasavleT evropas ukavSirdeba, sa-
dac, Tuki e. w. karolinguri renesansis periods ar gaviTvaliswinebT, am mimar-
TulebiT muSaoba TiTqmis sruliad SeCerebulia.
bizantiaSi antikuri berZnuli civilizaciis Seswavlas sakmaod myari safuZ-
veli hqonda. jer erTi, bizantiuri epoqis literaturuli berZnuli ena klasi-
kuri da elinisturi epoqis nawarmoebebis safuZvliani Seswavlis gareSe ver Sein-
arCunebda Tavis poziciebs. rogorc cnobilia, bizantiur epoqaSi literatu-
ruli ena sakmaod daSorebuli iyo im enas, romelzec xalxi laparakobda. meorec,
romis imperiis im gadarCenili nawilisaTvis, romelsac berZnulenovani bizantia
warmoadgenda, garkveuli prestiJis sakiTxi iyo imis Cveneba, rom bizantiuri
kultura Tavisi fesvebiT diad berZnul warsuls ukavSirdeboda. amasTanave,
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom iseTi ganviTarebuli imperiis farglebSi,
rogoric bizantia iyo, ganaTlebul adamianTa formirebisaTvis aucileblad
miaCndaT skolebSi Zvel berZen avtorTa Txzulebebis kiTxva da Seswavla. es da
sxva faqtorebi ganapirobeben imas, rom gvianantikurobis Semdeg Seqmnili
erTgvari pauzis Semdgom, ax. w. IX saukunidan mainc `klasikuri filologia~ bi-
zantiaSi warmatebulad funqcionirebs. ar SevexebiT am epoqis yvela filologsa
da enciklopedists, yuradRebas SevaCerebT mxolod ramdensame mniSvnelovan
figuraze da maT rolze Zveli berZnuli civilizaciis Seswavlis saqmeSi.
upirveles yovlisa, am mxriv aRsaniSnavia konstantinopolisis patriarqi
fotiosi (daaxl. 820-891), romelic qmnis fasdaudebel naSroms `biblioTeka~ (Bib-
lioqhvkh), sadac igi iZleva 280 wignis mimoxilvas da, amasTan, arcTu iSviaTad moaqvs

20
sakmaod vrceli eqscerptebi Zveli avtorebis teqstebidan. `biblioTekas~ unda
vumadlodeT araerTi nawarmoebis Sesaxeb informaciis Semonaxvas, a. m., TiTqmis
araferi gvecodineboda e. w. kiklikuri poemebis Sesaxeb, rom ara fotiosis `bib-
lioTekis~ is nawili, romelmac Semogvinaxa proklosis `qrestomaTiis~ Sesabamisi
nawilebi. fotioss Seuqmnia mniSvnelovani leqsikografiuli naSromic (Levxewn
sunagwghv), romelSic mas mouxdenia antikuri epoqis leqsikografTa Sromebis sak-
maod saintereso kompilacia.
aseve mniSvnelovania bizantieli keisris, konstantine VII porfirogenetosis
(912-959) moRvaweobac. mis mraval TxzulebaTa Soris aRsaniSnavia enciklopediuri
xasiaTis didi naSromi, romelsac, pirobiTad, istoriis enciklopedia SeiZleba
vuwodoT. igi Seicavda 53 nawils, romelTagan CvenTvis cnobilia 26-is saxel-
wodeba, xolo Cvenamde SemorCa mxolod 4 nawili (mTlianad an nawilobriv).
sruliad gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs leqsikon `svidas~, romelic Seqmnili
unda iyos 876-1028 wlebs Soris. es aris grandiozuli sacnobaro naSromi, ro-
melic moicavs unikalur informacias Zveli berZnuli civilizaciis Sesaxeb. imi-
saTvis, rom naTeli gaxdes, Tu ra masStabebis iyo es leqsikoni, movitanT zogierT
monacems. svida Seicavs daaxloebiT 12000 saleqsikono statias, maTgan 900 bi-
ografiuli xasiaTisaa. yvelaze didi statia, misi bekeriseuli gamocemis mixedviT,
sam-naxevar gverds Seicavs, xolo umciresi _ ramdenime winadadebiT Semoifa-
rgleba. motanilia daaxloebiT 400 mwerlis citata, maT Soris zogierTis _ mra-
valgzis. leqsikoni efuZneba aSkarad antikur da bizantiur naSromebs leqsi-
kografiis sferoSi: sqoliastebs da komentatorebs, istorikosebs, literaturis
istorikosebs. rom ara svida, Cveni informacia mravali berZeni mwerlisa da moR-
vawis Sesaxeb bevrad ufro Raribi iqneboda, vidre es dRes aris.
aRsaniSnavia ioane ceces (daaxl. 1110-1185) moRvaweobac, romelsac antikvarul-
istoriuli xasiaTis mravali naSromi Seuqmnia, aseve sxvadasxva antikuri avtoris
komentarebi da sqolioebi. gansakuTrebiT cnobilia misi ganmarteba antikuri po-
etis, likofronis sakmaod bundovani leqsisa `aleqsandra~.
cnobil bizantiel filologTa ricxvs miekuTvneba Tesalonikis episkoposi
evstaTiosi (moRvaw. 1175-1195). mas Seuqmnia sqolioebi `iliadisa~ da `odiseasaTvis~,
risTvisac eyrdnoboda antikuri epoqis cnobili filologebis komentarebsa da
naSromebs. aseve, mas dauweria komentarebi pindarosis SemoqmedebisaTvis.
maqsimus planudesi (1260-1310) Tavdapirvelad saero piri, 1283 wlidan berad
aRikveca. 1296 wels igi wargzavnil iqna veneciaSi. is iyo erT-erTi pirveli bizan-
tieli filologi, romelic laTinurs flobda. mas miewereba arabuli cifrebis
sistemis evropaSi Semotana. cnobilia misi naSromebi gramatikis sferoSi, sin-
taqsis Sesaxeb, sqolioebi sxvadasxva antikur avtorze, andazebisa da aforizmebis
krebulebi, romlebSic antikuri epoqis moazrovneTa mravali sentencia iyo Sekre-
bili. mas ekuTvnis agreTve berZnuli epigramebis krebuli, romelsac Cven Antholo-
gia Planudea-s saxelwodebiT vicnobT. igi 1606 wels Anthologia Palatina-s aRmoCenamde,
albaT, am Janris yvelaze mniSvnelovan krebulad iTvleboda. masve ganuxorciele-
bia berZnul enaze romael avtorTa Targmanebi, rac esoden iSviaTi iyo
berZnulenovani bizantiis kulturul cxovrebaSi.
planudesis mowafe iyo manuel mosxopulosi (dab. daaxl. 1265). mas, dionisios
Trakielis Sesabamisi naSromis gaTvaliswinebiT, Seuqmnia saskolo gramatika
(!Erwthvmata), romelmac Semdeg didi gavlena moaxdina berZnuli enis gramatikebis

21
avtorebze. Tomas magisteri aseve planudesis Tanamedrove iyo. igi cnobilia
Tavisi naSromebiT, romelTac Semogvinaxes citatebi mravali dakarguli antikuri
nawarmoebidan. da bolos, saxelganTqmul bizantiel filologTa ricxvs unda
mivakuTvnoT demetrios trikliniosi (XIV s-is pirveli naxevari), romelsac XIX-
XX saukuneebis erT-erTma udidesma filologma, vilamovic-molendorfma pir-
veli Tanamedrove teqstologi uwoda. misgan SemogvrCa pindarosis sqolioebi,
ori metruli traqtatiTa da parafraziT, sqolioebiT sofoklesa da esqilesaT-
vis da antikur avtorTa sxva nawarmoebTaTvis.
rogorc aRvniSneT, mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod uferulad gamoiyure-
boda `klasikuri filologia~ dasavleT evropaSi. aq Sua saukuneebs, Cveulebriv,
sam periodad yofen: pirveli periodi VI-VIII saukuneebs moicavs, rodesac kul-
turis saocari daqveiTeba SeiniSneba da, Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia filologiis
raime ganviTarebaze laparaki. meore periods, romelic garkveulwilad XI saukun-
emde aRwevs, karolinguri renesansis periods vuwodebT. am dros aRmavlobas
ganicdian monastrebi da samonastro skolebi, romlebSic moxda Cvenamde moR-
weuli laTini avtorebis uZveles xelnawerTa gamovlena (am droisaTvis, rogorc
Cans, dakarguli iyo romauli teqstebis udidesi nawili). mesame periodi – XI-XIV
ss. – sqolastikis meufebis xanad iTvleba, rodesac Zalze popularuli xdeba
aristotele. mas XII saukunemde mxolod arabuli versiebis mixedviT Sesrulebu-
li laTinuri Targmanebis wyalobiT icnobdnen. garkveuli gamonaTebebis miuxeda-
vad, arc es periodi yofila Zalze mniSvnelovani klasikuri filologiisaTvis,
Tuki ar CavTvliT laTinurenovan avtorTa teqstebis meqanikur gamravlebas. Sesa-
bamisad, yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac am periodSi gakeTda, es iyo swored am teqste-
bis Suasaukuneobrivi mravalricxovani gamocemebis momzadeba. dasavleT evropi-
saTvis antikuri mxatvruli literatura am periodSi, ZiriTadad, romaeli avto-
rebiT Semoifargleboda da aq sakmaod bundovani warmodgena hqondaT berZnuli
literaturis simaRleebze.
axali dro.
axali dro. klasikuri filologiis da saerTod antikuri filologiis Ses-
wavlis istoriis periodebad dayofisas Sua saukuneebis Semdgom epoqas Taname-
droveobamde aRniSnaven terminiT axali dro. es aris marTlac WeSmariti gar-
datexis periodi klasikuri filologiis ganviTarebaSi, rac arsebiTad ramdenime
umTavresma faqtorma ganapiroba: 1. konstantinopolisis dacemis Semdgom mTeli is
informacia, rac berZnulenovan bizantiaSi iyo dagrovebuli antikuri samyaros
Sesaxeb, bizantieli swavlulebis meSveobiT dasavleT evropaSi, upiratesad ita-
liaSi inacvlebs. es antikuri samyaros, upirveles yovlisa, Zveli saberZneTis xe-
laxali aRmoCenis safuZveli xdeba; 2. sqolastikis Semdgom periodSi Tavad
dasavleT evropaSi momwifda situacia antikur civilizaciasTan srulmasStabiani
kavSirebis aRsadgenad, am civilizaciisagan ganviTarebis axali mniSvnelovani im-
pulsebis misaRebad. Zveli saberZneTis Sesaxeb bizantiidan Sesulma informaciam
da romaul siZveleTa mimarT Tavad evropaSi gaZlierebulma interesma sa-
zogadoebis warmodgenaSi kvlav gaamTliana antikuri samyaro da igi aRqmuli iqna
rogorc berZnuli da romauli kulturis erTianoba. axal droSi, Cveulebriv,
ramdenime periods gamoyofen: a) italiuri humanizmisa da renesansis; b) frangul-
niderlandurs; g) riCard bentlisa da misi mimdevrebis; d) germanuls; e) uaxless,
romelic XX saukunesa da XXI saukunis dasawyiss moicavs.

22
 italiuri periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia revoluciuri gardatexa evropul
azrovnebaSi da axali kulturis Seqmnis procesSi antikuri samyarosaTvis savse-
biT Segnebulad paradigmatuli mniSvnelobis miniWeba. Zveli saberZneTi da romi
xdeba, garkveulwilad, nimuSi imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba civilizaciis yuradRe-
bis centrSi moeqces adamiani, igi iqces xelovnebaSi asaxvis umTavres obieqtad da,
amasTanave, Tavad xelovnebis esTetikur RirsebaTa umTavres Semfaseblad. itali-
uri renesansis impulsebi, bunebrivia, evropis sxva qveynebsac gadaecemoda da am
SemTxvevaSi antikurobasTan Sexvedra, ZiriTadad, ori mimarTulebiT viTarde-
boda: klasikuri tradiciis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebisa da misi mecnieruli Ses-
wavlis mimarTulebiT. pirvel SemTxvevaSi es muSaoba axali renesansuli mxat-
vruli kulturis, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ axali evropuli mecnierebis, maT So-
ris, klasikuri filologiis formirebis safuZveli xdeboda. italiis Semdeg an-
tikurobisadmi dainteresebam sakmaod masStaburi gamoZaxili Tavdapirvelad
frangul-holandiur arealSi pova, ramac aq klasikuri filologiis aRmocenebas
Seuwyo xeli. dargis ganviTarebisaTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovani iyo inglisureno-
vani samyaro. klasikuri filologiis ganviTarebaSi garkveuli regionis Tu
qveynis prevalirebis tendencia germaniam daasrula da man Seitana erTob
mniSvnelovani wvlili am dargis im saxiT CamoyalibebaSi, romliTac igi dResac
ganagrZobs Tavis arsebobas. amis Semdgom, XX saukunidan, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
klasikuri filologia msoflio mecniereba xdeba da am dargis aRiarebuli cen-
trebi ukve mTel ganaTlebul msoflioSi yalibdeba. maT Soris dasavleTidan iseT
daSorebul qveynebSic ki, rogoric aris iaponia da CineTi. imisaTvis, rom ufro
konkretuli warmodgena SeviqmnaT TiToeuli am periodis umniSvnelovanes miR-
wevebze klasikuri filologiis sferoSi, SevecadoT, mokled warmovadginoT
klasikuri filologiis istoria renesansidan dRemde Cven mier zemoT war-
modgenili klasifikaciis mixedviT.
a) italiuri humanizmisa da renesansis periodi.
a) italiuri humanizmisa da renesansis periodi. im faqtorebTan erTad, rom-
lebzedac zemoT gavamaxvileT yuradReba, antikuri kulturis mimarT interesis
zrdis TvalsazrisiT arsebiT gardatexas renesansul italiaSi, rasakvirvelia,
istoriul-geografiuli faqtoric ganapirobebda. romi WeSmaritad iyo is
qalaqi, sadac didi imperiis arsebobis vizualuri kvali grandiozuli nangrevebis
saxiT esoden cocxlad iyo Semonaxuli. rogorc ki evropaSi humanizmma warmoqmna
interesi saerTod kacobriobis mier Seqmnili umniSvnelovanesi Rirebulebebis
mimarT da dapirispireba: warmarToba _ qristianoba am interesis realizacias aq
ukve veRar uqmnida arsebiT dabrkolebas, italielTa TvalSi sul sxva mniSvnelo-
ba moipova koloseumis, romis forumis da sxva cnobil ZeglTa nangrevebma.
Tavdapirvelad renesansul italiaSi umTavresi mamoZravebeli faqtori iyo anti-
kurobis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebisaken swrafva da amitom ar aris gasakviri, rom
renesansis pirveli filologebi iyvnen am epoqis cnobili mwerlebic. antiku-
robisadmi am ltolvam, rasakvirvelia, pirvel rigSi Zvel avtorTa xelnawerebis
intensiur SegrovebaSi iCina Tavi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am xelnawerebze nadiroba
daiwyo. a. m., Cven viciT, rom cnobili italieli mwerali petrarka (1304-1374) iyo
ciceronis mravali naSromis aRmomCeni. Tavis koleqciaSi igi berZnul xelnawereb-
sac inaxavda, a. m., homerosis teqstis xelnawerebs, Tumca Tavad Zveli berZnuli ar
icoda. bokaCo (1313-1375) cdilobda Tavisi jer kidev arasrulyofili codnis sa-

23
fuZvelze Seeqmna naSromebi antikur miTologiasa da geografiaze, xolo
franCesko braColinim (1380-1459) aRmoaCina kvintilianusis Institutio oratoria-as teqs-
ti da valerius flakusis `argonavtikis~ xelnaweri. florenciis qalaq-saxelmwi-
fos kanclerma, koluCio salutatim (1331-1406), romelic cnobili iyo rogorc an-
tikur avtorTa xelnawerebis cnobili koleqcioneri, mniSvnelovani nabiji gadad-
ga evropaSi berZnuli kulturisaTvis karis gasaxsnelad. igi konstantinopolisi-
dan iwvevs swavluls, manuel xrisolorass (1350-1415) da rogorc Tavis qalaqSi,
aseve paviasa da veneciaSi berZnuli enis Seswavlas uyris safuZvels. manuel xriso-
lorasis magaliTi gadamdebi aRmoCnda mravali berZeni swavlulisaTvis da XV sa-
ukunis dasawyisidan italiaSi, TandaTanobiT, gadasaxlebas iwyeben iseTi cnobili
figurebi, rogorebic iyvnen: Teodoros gaza (1400-1475), georgios trapezuntiosi
(1395-1484), ioanes argiropulosi (1416-1486) da demetrios xalkondilesi (1424-1511).
konstantinopolisis dacemis Semdeg (1453 w.) am procesma Seuqcevadi xasiaTi mii-
Ro da, rac yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovania, swavlulebis gadmosaxlebasTan erTad
evropaSi farTod daiwyo berZnuli xelnawerebis Semotana. bizantiel emigrant
swavlulebs Tan mohqondaT Zvel avtorTa yvelaze ufro Zvirfasi teqstebi. es ki
italiaSi xelnawerebis udidesi wignsacavebis gafarToebis Tu dafuZnebis safuZ-
veli xdeboda. Tu ra masStabebi hqonda berZnuli xelnawerebis Setanas evropaSi,
amaze ramdenime magaliTic aSkarad migvaniSnebs. besarionma (1395/1403-1472) 900-mde
tomi Camoitana Tan da veneciaSi markusis biblioTekis pirveli sarTuli mTlianad
Seavso. italielma mogzaurma jovani avrispam (1370-1459) italiaSi 238 tomi Semoi-
tana. igive gaakeTa franCesko filelfom (1398-1481), romelic xuTi wlis ganmavlo-
baSi cxovrobda konstantinopolisSi da colad berZeni qali hyavda. mas Semdeg,
rac evropelebma kargad Seiswavles Zveli berZnuli ena, daiwyo berZen avtorTa
laTinur enaze sakmaod intensiuri Targmna. mokle droSi iTargmna mravali ber-
Zeni mwerlis nawarmoebi. gaCnda Zvel berZen avtorTa Tayvanismcemlebis mTeli ar-
mia. a. m., lorenco mediCim, romlis saxels ukavSirdeba florenciis akademia,
faqtobrivad, platonis kulti aRadgina da sazeimod aRniSnavda platonis yovel
dabadebis dRes. Zvel avtorTa Semswavleli centrebi gaixsna italiis sxva mraval
qalaqSic, maT Soris, neapolsa da romSi. magram antikurobisadmi interesi male
gascda teqstebis sazRvrebs da Cndebian pionerebi ukve arqeologiis sferoSic.
a. m., flavio biondom (1388-1463) SemogvTavaza romsa da mTels italiaSi antikuri
nangrevebis aRweris pirveli cda. Ciriako pizikolim (1391-1450), romelsac renesan-
sis epoqis Slimansac ki uwodeben, antikuri xelovnebis nimuSebisa da epigrafi-
kuli Zeglebis gasacnobad aRmosavleT xmelTaSuazRvis araerTi regioni moiara.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda, rasakvirvelia, imas, rom ori germanelis _
sveinheimisa da panartcis mier romTan gaixsna pirveli tipografia. wignebis beWd-
vis gutenbergis mier aRmoCenilma sikeTem gadatrialeba moaxdina antikuri av-
torebis gamocemis saqmeSi. mokle xanSi aman, arsebiTad, bevrad Seamcira axali re-
daqciuli variantebis warmoqmnis safrTxe, radgan nabeWdi wigni ukve erTi
fiqsirebuli xelnaweris tiraJirebas axdenda. marTalia, nabeWdi wignis pirveli
gamomcemlebi maincdamainc kritikulni ar iyvnen maT gankargulebaSi arsebul xel-
nawerTa mimarT, magram maT mainc Zalze mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes antikuri
avtorebis pirveli gamocemebis (editiones principes) ganxorcielebaSi.
1465-1551 wlebSi, arsebiTad, ganxorcielda yvela mniSvnelovani romaeli Tu
berZeni avtoris pirveli tipografiuli gamocema. laTinurenovan avtorTagan

24
pirveli Txzulebebi, romlebic daibeWda, iyo ciceronis (De officiis da De oratore),
xolo saerTod pirveli berZnuli nabeWdi wigni iyo konstantinos laskarisis
(1434-1501/3) berZnuli enis saskolo gramatika, Cveulebriv, cnobili Semoklebuli
saTauriT !Erwthvmata. Cven mier aRniSnul sul raRac erTi saukunis ganmavlobaSi
gamoica 66 laTinurenovani da 90 berZnulenovani avtori. arsebiTad, XVIII saukun-
emde am gamocemebSi araviTari cvlileba ar Sesula. antikurobis mimarT renesan-
sulma interesma male gadalaxa italiis sazRvrebi, ris Sedegadac evropis
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi klasikuri enebiTa da avtorebiT daintereseba swrafad gai-
zarda. mas Semdeg, rac papis, pius II-is TanadgomiT bazelis universitetma daiwyo
funqcionireba, eneas silvio pikolomini aq saswavlo programis ganuyofel
nawilad aqcevs antikuri literaturis Seswavlas. iohanes roixlini (1455-1522),
romelmac florenciaSi Seiswavla berZnuli ena, germaniaSi afuZnebs klasikur
Studiebs, xolo am dargSi Tavisi gamorCeuli pedagogiuri saqmianobis gamo fi-
lip Svarcerdma (melanxToni 1497-1560) praeceptor Germaniae-s titulic moipova. re-
nesansuli klasikuri filologiis WeSmarit gvirgvins warmoadgenda erazmus ro-
terdameli (1466/7-1536). es savsebiT araordinaruli pirovneba, romelmac ganaTle-
ba italiaSi miiRo, udidesi reformatori iyo. misi moRvaweoba mravalmxrivi iyo
da igi ramdenime ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT warimarTa. aqedan SeiZleba aRiniSnos
laTinuri da berZnuli teqstebis gamocema (maT Soris terenciusi, seneka, aris-
totele, axali aRTqma, romelic luTeris Targmanis safuZveli gaxda) da
sxvadasxva saxelmZRvanelos Seqmna. cnobilia misi naSromi laTinurisa da berZnu-
lis swori gamoTqmis Sesaxeb (De recta Latini Graecique sermonis pronuntiatione). romel-
mac, faqtobrivad, evropis umetes qveyanaSi klasikuri enebis gamoTqmis sakiTxi
gadawyvita. igi momxre iyo Zveli berZnuli teqstebi wakiTxuliyo klasikuri fo-
nologiuri kanonebis gaTvaliswinebiT da ara axali berZnuli enis gamoTqmis Sesa-
bamisad. erazmul gamoTqmas, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas e. w. roixlinuri tradicia
daupirispirda, Tuki saberZneTs ar CavTvliT, evropaSi aSkara gamarjveba xvda
wilad. Sesabamisad, etacisturma tendenciam gamodevna itacisturi tradicia.
amdenad, antikurobis aRorZineba italiaSi mTeli evropisaTvis gaxda gadamdebi
da man kulturuli procesebis ganviTareba evropaSi axali gziT waiyvana.
b) frangul-niderlanduri periodi.
b) frangul-niderlanduri periodi. klasikuri filologiis sferoSi XVI sau-
kuneSi wamyvan adgils ikavebs safrangeTi. calkeuli cnobili filologis muSao-
bis garda, aq Zalze didi mniSvneloba hqonda biudes (1468-1540) TaosnobiT mefe
fransua I-is mier koleJ roialis (Collège Royal), mefis kolegiumis daarsebas, ro-
melic, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, warmoadgenda aleqsandriis museionis frangul
oreuls. biude, avtori fundamenturi naSromebisa romaul metrologiasa da nu-
mizmatikaSi, iuridiul terminologiaSi, Zalze maRal doneze aiyvans filolo-
gias da axerxebs berZnul enas, romelic manamde `eretikosebis enad~ miiCneoda,
mianiWos laTinursa da ebraulTan erTad gamorCeuli mniSvneloba museionis
saqmianobaSi. museionSi moRvaweobdnen iseTi gamoCenili filologebi, rogorebic
iyvnen: Jan dorati (1508-1588), adrien turnebusi (1512-1565), denis lambinusi (1520-
1572). pirveli ori, ZiriTadad, berZnuli poeziis SeswavliT iyo dakavebuli,
xolo ukanaskneli iTvleboda romaeli poetebis sanimuSo gamomcemlad. Zalze
cnobilia stefanusebis (estienebis) ojaxi: enri, roberi, Sarli, enri II, poli, an-
toni. maT mravali laTini da berZeni avtoris gamocema, maT Soris editio princeps,

25
ganaxorcieles. dRemde ar daukargavs mniSvneloba da Tavisi drois erT-erT um-
niSvnelovanes leqsikografiul gamocemas warmoadgenda roberis mier 1531-1543
wlebSi Seqmnili Thesaurus linguae Latinae, romelic mxolod XVIII saukuneSi iqna
ganvrcobili da anri II-is Thesaurus Graecae linguae (5 tomad) (1572), romelic
forCelinis leqsikonamde laTinuri enis yvelaze srulyofil leqsikonad iTvle-
boda. garda amisa, roberma ganaxorciela plavtusis, terenciusis, ciceronis,
horaciusis, dionisios halikarnaselis, apianosis, kasius dios, evsebiosis, axali
aRTqmis gamocemebi, xolo enri II-m _ qsenofonis, Tukididesis, platonis, Teokri-
tosis, diodorosis, anTologiis da sxva gamocemebi. sayuradReboa, rom platonis
Txzulebebis citireba dRemde masTan dadasturebuli gverdebis nomrebiT xdeba.
sxva mkvlevarTagan gamoiyofa: mark antuan mure (1526-1585), frangi, romelsac Sem-
deg mouxda samSoblos datoveba da romelic laTinuri teqstebis cnobil inter-
pretatorad iTvleboda; isaak kasavboni (1559-1614), romelic gamoirCeoda pedan-
turi da asketuri mecnieruli SromiT. mniSvnelovania, rom igi uZRvnis naSromebs
antikuri literaturis calkeul problemebs, magaliTad, rogoric aris
berZnuli satiruli drama da romauli satira (De satyra Graecorum poesi et Romano-
rum satira). yvela drois erT-erT udides filologad iTvleboda iustus ska-
ligeri (1540-1609), aseve cnobili filologis, cezar skaligeris (1484-1558) Svili.
iustusma Seqmna Zveli samyaros istoriis mTliani qronologiuri mimoxilva Zveli
aRmosavleTis CaTvliT da amiT safuZveli Cauyara antikuri samyaros Tanamedrove
istoriografias. man saintereso muSaoba Caatara antikuri epigrafikis mecnier-
uli Seswavlis saqmeSic da, rac mTavaria, 1593 wels, laidenSi misi gadasvlis Sem-
deg, did aRmavlobas ganicdis klasikuri filologia ukve holandiaSic. laidenSi
iqmneba Zalze mniSvnelovani centri, romelsac Tavisi moRvaweobiT ukavSirdeba
iustus lipsiusi (1547-1606), axali drois erT-erTi genialuri teqstis kritikosi.
Tavis mxriv, warmatebiT grZeldeba muSaoba safrangeTSi, sadac gansakuTrebiT ga-
moirCeva Sarl du kanJi (1610-1688), romlis leqsikonebs: Glossarium ad scriptores me-
diae et infimae Latinitatis da Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae Graecitatis (antiku-
robis Semdgomi epoqis berZnulis da laTinuris leqsikonebi) dRemde ar daukar-
gavT TavianTi mniSvneloba. berZnuli paleografiis da xelnawerebis erT-erT
cnobil specialistad iTvleboda bernar montfaukoni (1655-1741).
g) riCard bentlisa da misi mimdevrebis, anu inglisuri periodi.
g) riCard bentlisa da misi mimdevrebis, anu inglisuri periodi. mTeli am xnis
ganmavlobaSi evropis sxva qveynebSi klasikuri filologiis done bevrad Camou-
vardeboda Cven mier aRniSnul regionebs, magram situacia icvleba XVII-XVIII sau-
kuneTa mijnaze, rodesac erTi kacis, riCard bentlis (1662-1742) Zalisxmevis wya-
lobiT klasikuri filologiis inglisuri skola aSkarad mowinave xdeba ev-
ropaSi. am erT-erTi udidesi filologis mravalricxovani naSromidan cnobilia
Epistula ad Millium da Dissertation upon the Epistles of Phalaris, romelic vrceli formiT
1699 wels gamovida. aq igi brwyinvale filologiuri analizis safuZvelze asa-
buTebs imas, rom vinme tiran falarisis werilebi falsifikaciaa da sinamdvileSi
igi ar arsebula. garda amisa, bentli eweva Zalze mniSvnelovan muSaobas sxvadasxva
filologiuri proeqtebis gansaxorcieleblad. homerosis kvlevisas man aR-
moaCina, rom homerosis teqstSi aRsadgenia digama, romelic Semdgom tradiciaSi
gaqra. masve gamosacemad moumzadebia axali aRTqma. teqstis miseuli kritika efu-
Zneboda im rwmenas, rom antikuri mxatvruli literaturis TiToeuli Zegli har-

26
moniul erTianobas warmoadgenda da originalTan yvelaze axlos is teqsti iqne-
boda, romelic gaiwmindeboda yvela im Camatebisgan, rac am harmoniulobas uS-
lida xels. bentlis mere inglisuri skolisaTvis teqstis kritika erT-erT Ziri-
Tad mimarTulebad iqca. am mxriv gamoirCeva riCard porsoni (1759-1808), romelmac
iambur trimetrSi e. w. porsonis xidi aRmoaCina. ingliseli filologebi sakmaod
did gavlenas axdenen niderlandur skolazec. magram teqstis kritikisa da ana-
lizis bentliseulma principma zogierTi filologi gaumarTlebel ukidureso-
bamde miiyvana. a. m., niderlandeli peter hofman-pirlkampi (1786-1865) horaciusis
odebis gamocemis dros am principis absolutizaciam iZulebuli gaxada, maTi erTi
meoTxedi mainc araavTenturad mieCnia.
d) germanuli periodi.
d) germanuli periodi. klasikuri filologiisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSv-
neloba hqonda im gardatexas, rac am mimarTulebiT moxda germaniaSi XVIII sauku-
nidan. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom XVIII s-isa da XIX s-is ganmavlobaSi germanuli klasi-
kuri filologia aSkarad wamyvani iyo msoflioSi. rasakvirvelia, ukve XVIII sau-
kunemde germaniaSi araerTi mecnieri moRvaweobda, romelsac garkveuli wvlili
aqvs Setanili klasikuri filologiis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. XVIII saukunidan ger-
maniaSi manamde arnaxuli masStabebiT daiwyo klasikuri filologiis ganviTareba.
Zalze didi mniSvneloba hqonda am mxriv iohan ioaxim vinkelmanisa (1717-1768) da
qristian gotlob heines (1729-1812) moRvaweobas. pirveli gvevlineba antikuri xe-
lovnebis istoriisa da arqeologiis, rogorc mecnierebis damfuZneblad. misi
ortomeuli naSromi `Zveli samyaros xelovneba~ da agreTve Monumenti antichi inediti
WeSmaritad gardatexis safuZveli gaxda saerTod antikuri kulturis gaazrebis
sferoSi. xolo heinem xelovnebis istoriasa da arqeologiasTan erTad antikuri
literaturis kvlevisas Tavisi yuradReba miapyro rogorc esTetikur aspeqtebs,
aseve antikur miTologias. mas ekuTvnis iseTi fundamenturi naSromebi, rogoric
aris Tibullus (1755), Epiktet (1756), Vergil (1775), Pindar (1799), Ps. Apollodori Bibliotheca
(1782).
aqedan moyolebuli germaniaSi tardeba axali evropisaTvis manamde uprece-
dento muSaoba antikuri mxatvruli kulturis, klasikuri enebis yvela mimar-
TulebiT kvlevisa da Seswavlis saqmeSi. filologiaSi WeSmaritad revoluciuri
iyo fridrix avgust volfis (1759-1824) moRvaweoba, romelmac Tavisi Prolegomena
ad Homerum-iT (1795), arsebiTad, safuZveli Cauyara Tanamedrove homerologias.
igi SeiZleba miviCnioT Tanamedrove filologiis WeSmarit fuZemdeblad, rac misi
mravalricxovani naSromebisa da antikuri avtorebis teqstebis kritikuli gamo-
cemebis garda, savsebiT naTeli xdeba misi leqciebis safuZvelze momzadebul `fi-
lologiis enciklopediaSi~.
XIX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis klasikuri filologiis Seswavla ufro diferen-
cirebul xasiaTs iRebs da mis farglebSi mTeli mimarTulebebi yalibdeba. brwyin-
vale enaTmecnieris, franc bopis (1791-1867) Studiebma enaTa ojaxebis mixedviT kla-
sifikaciis saSualeba Seqmnes. aman klasikuri enebi, bunebrivia, SedarebiTi enaT-
mecnierebis yuradRebis centrSi moaqcia. volfis Semdeg daixvewa filologiuri
dargebis meTodebi da ufro sistematuri xasiaTi miiRo antikuri teqstebis
kritikulma da komentirebulma gamocemebma. gaizarda interesi antikuri mxat-
vruli kulturis mimarT, risi erT-erTi pirveli da mniSvnelovani niSani iyo
vilhelm fon Slegelis (1767-1845) moRvaweoba berZnuli poeziis Targmnisa da Ses-

27
wavlis saqmeSi. misi leqciebi dramatul xelovnebasa da literaturaSi am mxriv
Zalze bevr sayuradRebo mosazrebas Seicavda. misma Zmam, fridrix Slegelma (1772-
1829) mkvdari enis, sanskritis SeswavliT win waswia indoevropeistika. udidesi
mniSvneloba hqonda ara marto mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobisaTvis, aramed teqstis
gagebisTvisac fridrix Slaiermaxeris (1768-1834) mier platonis TxzulebaTa
TiTqmis srul Targmansa da ganmartebas.
klasikuri filologiis meTodTa TandaTanobiTi daxvewa iwvevs kvlevis pro-
cesSi axali mimarTulebebis gaCenas. a. m., filologma avgust boekhma (1785-1867)
pirvelma Semoitana filologiaSi istoriuli procesis gaTvaliswinebiT kvlevis
meTodi. misTvis antikurobis xati ar iyo raRac statikuri ideali, aramed igi iyo
droSi cvalebadi odenoba da, Sesabamisad, saWiro iyo Tavad antikuri kulturis,
rogorc procesis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebis gaTvaliswineba. misi principebi
srulyofilad aris asaxuli mis filologiur mecnierebaTa enciklopediasa da
miTologiaSi. igi upirispirdeba filologiuri mecnierebis im mimarTulebas,
romlisTvisac mTavaria teqstis sityvasityviTi gadmocema. Sesabamisad, Tuki adre
antikuri avtorebis gamocemisas did yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen teqstis kritikas, am
periodidan moyolebuli iwyeba seriozuli fiqri im principze, romlis mixedvi-
Tac unda dadgindes kritikuli teqstis gamocemis kriteriumebi. antikur av-
torTa gamocemis TvalsazrisiT gamoirCeoda gotfrid hermani (1772-1848), ro-
melic De emendanda ratione linguae Graecae-Si warmogvidgens teqstis kritikis prin-
cipebs. teqstis kritikaSi gansakuTrebiT cnobilia imanuil bekeri (1785-1871), ro-
melmac fasdaudebeli wvlili Seitana antikur avtorTa gamocemaSi. man antikuri
da bizantiuri epoqis mravali berZeni mwerlis teqsti gamosca, maT Soris pla-
toni (4 tomad), atikeli oratorebi (4 tomad), fotiosi (4 tomad), Corpus scripto-
rum Byzantinorum (24 tomad) da sxva mravali. karl laxmani (1793-1851) qmnis
saintereso naSromebs homerologiaSi da gvTavazobs teqstis gamocemaSi xelnaw-
erebis mimarT e. w. genealogiuri principiT midgomis meTods. teqstebis gamoce-
masTan erTad sul ufro da ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Zveli samyaros
wyaroebis maqsimalurad gaTvaliswinebis safuZvelze Seqmnil Zveli samyaros is-
toriebs. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT arian cnobilni: georg niburi (1776-1831), romis
istoriis avtori, karl otfrid miuleri (1797-1840), romelic qmnis berZnuli
literaturis pirvel istorias dasabamidan aleqsandre makedonelamde da aseve
sayuradRebo naSromebs miTosisa da istoriis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebSi. aR-
saniSnavia agreTve fridrix velkeri (1784-1868), romelic berZnuli religiis fun-
damentur gamokvlevas gvTavazobs. istoriografiaSi aSkarad mwvervals war-
moadgenda Teodor momzenis (1817-1903) Sromebi, xolo istoriisadmi pozitivis-
turi midgomis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi ilustracia aris cnobili siZveleT-
mcodnis, ulrix fon vilamovic-molendorfis (1848-1931) Sromebi klasikuri filo-
logiis TiTqmis yvela sferoSi. igi uaRresad nayofierad ikvlevda rogorc zo-
gadad antikur civilizacias da mis calkeul sferoebs, Zvel avtorebs, istorias,
aseve Tanabari warmatebiT gamoscemda teqstebs da Targmnida Zvel avtorebs.
XIX saukuneSi germanulma mecnierebam didi yuradReba miaqcia iseTi far-
TomasStabiani proeqtebis ganxorcielebas, rogoric aris berZnuli da laTinuri
warwerebis korpusis gamocema: Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum (CIG, 1828-1877), Corpus
inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL, 1863 wlidan); berZnuli warwerebi Inscriptiones Graecae
(IG, 1868 wlidan); saxelmZRvaneloebis mTeli seria Handbuch der Altertumswissen-

28
schaft (HDA, 1886 wlidan); antikuri teqstebis gamocemis didi proeqti Bibliotheca
Teubneriana (BT, 1850 wlidan); aseve mxolod fragmentebis saxiT moRweuli nawar-
moebebis gamocemebi. am mxriv cnobilia avgust mainekes (1790-1870) komediografosTa
fragmentebis gamocema Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum; avgust navkis (1822-1892)
tragikosTa fragmentebis gamocema Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta; herman dilsis
(1848-1922) sokratemdeli filosofosebis fragmentebis gamocema. leqsikografiis
sferoSi Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo iseTi fundamenturi leqsikonebis gamocema,
rogoric aris papes berZnul-germanuli, germanul-berZnuli da berZnuli saku-
Tari saxelebis leqsikonebi, Tavisi droisaTvis pasovis yvelaze didi orenovani
germanul-berZnuli leqsikoni da a. S. sakmaod produqtiuli iyo es periodi
mniSvnelovani koncefciebisa da Teoriebis warmodgenis TvalsazrisiTac. zogi-
erT maTgans qvemoT SevexebiT, aq ki mxolod imas vityviT, rom fridrix nicSes
(1844-1900) saxels araerTi aseTi koncefciis wamoyeneba ukavSirdeba.
Tuki movindomebT imis mokled Sejamebas, rac XIX saukunis ganmavlobaSi da XX
saukunis dasawyisSi gaakeTa germanulma klasikurma filologiam, SeiZleba vTqvaT,
rom es iyo didi sistematizaciis, didi enciklopedistebis saukune, romelTac
moumzades niadagi momdevno periodSi veeberTela, ukve sistematizebuli da Ses-
wavlili masalis Rrma da seriozul interpretacias.
e) uaxlesi periodi.
e) uaxlesi periodi. XIX-XX saukuneTa mijna klasikuri filologiis ganvi-
TarebaSi axali tendenciebis gamokveTiT aRiniSna. umTavresi am SemTxvevaSi iyo is,
rom klasikuri filologiis ganviTareba ukve romeliRac erTi qveynis centrebTan
da mecnierebTan ki aRar aris dakavSirebuli, aramed, faqtobrivad, moxda am
dargis sruli internacionalizacia. dRes Znelia zustad iTqvas, Tu romeli qvey-
ana aris klasikur filologiaSi wamyvani, radgan am dargis mZlavri centrebi
arsebobs ara mxolod iseT did qveynebSi, rogoric aris inglisi, germania, sa-
frangeTi, italia, ruseTi, aramed evropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi da aseve aziis
da laTinuri amerikis mraval saxelmwifoSic. rasakvirvelia, es imas niSnavs, rom
am dargSi muSaobis moculoba saocrad gafarTovda. aman antikur kulturas XX
saukunidan moyolebuli civilizaciis ganviTarebaSi axali funqcia daakisra. Tuki
igi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, ZiriTadad, evropuli kulturis ganviTarebaSi
monawileobda, axla misi roli msoflio civilizaciis ganviTarebisaTvis gaxda
mniSvnelovani. es zogierT mkvlevars aZlevs SesaZleblobas mesame humanizmis epo-
qis dawyebaze imsjelos. klasikuri filologiis axal aRmavlobas mravalwilad
misca biZgi axali dargebis ganviTarebam, rogoric aris papirologia, egeosuri
arqeologia, progresi Tavad klasikur arqeologiaSi, informatika da a. S. papi-
rologiis ganviTarebam gamoiwvia mravali axali nawarmoebis aRmoCena, ZiriTadad,
berZeni avtorebisa. aman SesaZlebeli gaxada antikuri literaturis mTeli Janre-
bis gaazrebaSi mniSvnelovani gardatexis Setana. egeosurma arqeologiam, romelic
hainrix Slimanidan (1822-1890) iRebs dasabams, kacobriobas moutana am regionSi
pirvel aTaswleulamde arsebul did civilizaciebTan ziarebis SesaZlebloba. am
mxriv, gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva kikladuri, minosuri, mikenuri kulturebi. mas
Semdeg, rac 1952 wels gaiSifra B-xazovani damwerloba, naTeli gaxda, rom berZnebi
egeidaSi gacilebiT ufro adre damkvidrebulan, vidre manamde egona mecnierebas.
amasTanave, egeosurma arqeologiam cxadyo, rom berZnuli miTebis informacia
legendaruli diadi warsulis Sesaxeb istoriul realobas areklavda. Tavad

29
arqeologiaSi mravali axali aRmoCena moxda da misma swrafi tempebiT ganviTarebam
mniSvnelovnad gazarda Cveni warmodgena egeosuris Semdgomi antikuri kulturis
Sesaxeb. informatikis gamoyenebam SesaZlebeli gaxada antikuri teqstebis man-
qanuri damuSaveba da maTi kompiuteruli gamocemebis momzadeba. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom dRes antikuri epoqis berZnuli da, garkveulwilad, laTinuri teqstebi iS-
viaTi sisruliT aris Cawerili kompiuterulad, rac nebismier adamians aZlevs
SesaZleblobas, Zalze mokle droSi miiRos misTvis saWiro informacia am teqste-
bidan, wuTebis ganmavlobaSi Caataros leqsikostatistikuri Tu stiluri anal-
izisaTvis aucilebeli procedurebi, rasac adre Zalze didi dro sWirdeboda. am
progress, rasakvirvelia, xeli ar SeuSlia klasikuri teqstebis axali kritikuli
gamocemebis wignis formiT ganxorcielebisaTvis. dRes msoflios mravali gamom-
cemloba gvTavazobs klasikuri avtorebis kritikul gamocemebs, rogorc mxolod
originalis enaze, aseve paraleluri TargmaniT (arafers vambobT Targmanebze,
romlebic esoden intensiurad gamoicema mTels msoflioSi). a. m., inglissa da
amerikaSi mxolod originalis enaze gamoicema berZeni da romaeli avtorebi seri-
aSi oqsfordis klasikuri teqstebi Oxford Classical Texts, xolo orenovani (klasi-
kuri da inglisuri) teqstebis Zalze mniSvnelovani gamocema xorcieldeba Loeb Clas-
sical Library-is saxiT. germaniaSi kvlav mniSvnelovania Teubner-is cnobili gamomcem-
loba, romelic dRemde intensiurad axorcielebs antikuri avtorebis kritikul
gamocemebs. germaniaSi orenovan gamocemaTagan aRsaniSnavia Tusculum-is gamocemebi.
safrangeTSi Tavisi mniSvneloba SeinarCuna biudes Budé-Belletre-is orenovanma gamo-
cemebma. fundamenturi muSaoba mimdinareobs ukanaskneli aTwleulebis ganmavlo-
baSi italiaSic. aRsaniSnavia, rom XIX saukunis miwurulidan klasikuri filo-
logiis sferoSi dRemde sami enciklopediis gamocema ganxorcielda, maTgan gran-
diozuli proeqtis, RE-s gamocema mravali aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdi-
nareobda (daiwyo 1893 wels da damTavrda 2000 wels). sul gamoica 86 tomi. amis Sem-
deg 5 tomad gamovida Kleine Pauly, xolo XX saukunis miwurulidan gamocema daiwyo
da dasrulda axali didi enciklopedia Der Neue Pauly (gamocemulia 15 tomad, Tuki
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom zogierTi tomi or nawilad gamovida, es gamocema, faqto-
brivad, 18 toms Seadgens). es enciklopedia ukanasknel wlebSi iTargmna inglisur
enaze. qvemoT Cven SesaZlebloba gveqneba calkeul TavSi ufro detalurad SevexoT
Tanamedrove klasikuri filologiis miRwevebs da cnobil mecnierTa wvlils ama Tu
im sferoSi. XX da XXI saukuneebs pirobiTad SegviZlia vuwodoT klasikur siZ-
veleTa analitikuri interpretaciis, klasikuri kulturis msoflio civili-
zaciisaTvis maradiuli mniSvnelobis axleburi da safuZvliani gaazrebis epoqa.
klasikuri filologia saqarTveloSi.
klasikuri filologia saqarTveloSi. antikuri kulturis mimarT saqarTvelo-
Si odiTganve didi interesi iyo da es arc aris gasakviri, radgan saqarTvelo, misi
dasavleTi nawili _ kolxeTi da aRmosavleTi – iberia, mravali saukunis ganmavlo-
baSi antikuri saberZneTisa da romis partniori iyo istoriis asparezze. es
urTierTobebi grZeldeboda bizantiur epoqaSic. antikuri berZnuli kulturis
mimarT bizantiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli interesi, garkveulwilad, aseve niSando-
blivi iyo Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelosTvisac. is, rom antikuri epoqis saqarT-
veloSi, romelsac mWidro kontaqtebi hqonda berZnulenovan samyarosTan, sakmaod
Rrmad da safuZvlianad euflebodnen klasikuri aRzrdis Sesabamis saswavlo pro-
gramebs, eWvs ar unda iwvevdes. amaze metyvelebs antikuri epoqis fazisis cnobili

30
ritorikuli skolis arseboba. sul ukanasknel xanebSi mcxeTaSi aRmoCnda gviananti-
kuri epoqis mcxeTeli moswavlis saswavlo mowyobiloba, romelzec muzebTan erTad
mocemulia homerosis, demosTenesis da menandrosis gamosaxulebebi. marTalia,
qristianobis gavrcelebam CvenSi igive procesebi gamoiwvia antikurobasTan mimar-
TebaSi, rac bizantiisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli da adreul Sua saukuneebSi gark-
veulad Sesustda interesi antikurobis mimarT, magram sakmaod male viTareba
Seicvala da saqarTveloSi klasikuri kulturisadmi interesi aRmavali xaziT wari-
marTa. dRes Cven SegviZlia darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom antikuri miTebis, antikuri
epoqis mwerlebis Sesaxeb ganaTlebul qarTvelebs, Sua saukuneebis pirobaze sakmaod
sruli warmodgena unda hqonodaT, rac esoden naTlad gamosWvivis rogorc qarT-
veli filosofosebis (upirveles yovlisa, ioane petriwis), aseve istorikosebisa da
poetebis TxzulebebSi. antikurobis Sesaxeb codnas, unda vifiqroT, iRebdnen Sua
saukuneebis saqarTvelos cnobili saganmanaTleblo skolebis _ gelaTisa da iyal-
Tos – msmenelebi. klasikurobis mimarT interesis garkveuli daqveiTeba SeiniSneba
qarTul literaturaSi aRorZinebis epoqaSi. marTalia, qarTul kulturaSi e. w.
`bneli wlebis~ Semdeg antikurobis mimarT erTgvari `gacivebis~ tendencia Tan-
daTanobiT daiZlia, magram antikur samyarosTan namdvili miaxloeba mxolod XIX
saukunidan iwyeba, rodesac ukve ruseTis imperiis farglebSi moqceul saqarTvelos
gimnaziebSi farTod inergeba klasikuri enebis swavleba. Tumca, rasakvirvelia, es
jer kidev ar niSnavda klasikuri filologiis damkvidrebas qarTul mecnierebaSi.
saqarTveloSi am mxriv axali etapi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis daarsebis
(1918 weli) Semdgom daiwyo, rodesac am dargs universitetSi saTaveSi Caudga peter-
burgidan Camosuli, im dros msoflio aRiarebis mqone mecnieri, grigol wereTeli.
misi TaosnobiT sul male Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti klasikuri filolo-
giis aRiarebul centrad iqca. swored aq momzadda grigol wereTlis avtorobiT
araerTi iseTi gamocema, romelic WeSmaritad SeiZleba miviCnioT epoqalur movle-
nad mecnierebaSi; upirveles yovlisa, es exeba misi papirusebis koleqciis gamocemas
5 tomad da pirvel fundamentur berZnuli literaturis istorias. grigol
wereTlis saqme warmatebiT gaagrZela simon yauxCiSvilma, romelmac araerTi
mniSvnelovani naSromi Seqmna klasikuri filologiis sferoSi qarTul enaze.
faqtobrivad, am orma mecnierma saqarTveloSi Camoayaliba klasikuri filologiis
cnobili skola, romelmac mniSvnelovani msoflio aRiareba moipova. klasikuri
filologiis kaTedrasTan 1972 wlidan funqcionirebas iwyebs e. w. berZnul-laTinu-
ri biblioTeka, 1982 wels – xmelTaSuazRvis kulturebis kvlevis laboratoria,
romlis muSaobis erT-erTi mimarTuleba aris klasikur siZveleTa kvleva. xolo mas
Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom damoukidebloba moipova, klasikuri filologiis
sferoSi yvela sauniversiteto danayofis gaerTianeba da gafarToeba moxda 1997
wels universitetSi Seqmnil klasikuri filologiis, bizantinistikisa da neogre-
cistikis institutSi, romelic dRes klasikuri filologiis sferoSi sayovel-
Taod aRiarebul erT-erT udides centrs warmoadgens msoflioSi.
antikuri wyaroebi ukve homerosidan moyolebuli mraval saintereso cnobas
gvawvdian saqarTvelos uZvelesi istoriis Sesaxeb. maTi Seswavla, komentireba,
qarTulad Targmna da gamocema klasikuri filologiis qarTuli skolis erT-erT
umniSvnelovanes mimarTulebas warmoadgens.

31
 umniSvnelovanes mecnierTa
anotirebuli nusxa
ramdenadac Cvens mimoxilviT TavSi SeuZlebeli iyo klasikur filologiaSi yvela
mniSvnelovani mecnieris wvlilis aRniSvna, saWirod migvaCnia, warmovadginoT Tundac
Zalze mokle informacia XIX-XX saukuneebis im yvelaze ufro cnobil mecnierTa Ses-
axeb, romelTac gansakuTrebuli adgili ukaviaT bolo ori saukunis klasikur
filologiaSi. aRniSnul nusxaSi SevitaneT ori qarTveli mecnieris saxelic, romel-
Tac mniSvnelovani roli Seasrules klasikuri filologiis ganviTarebaSi.
John Davidson Beazley (1885-1970)
ingliseli siZveleTmcodne. misi moRvaweobis ZiriTadi sfero iyo klasikuri xelovneba
da arqeologia. gansakuTrebiT mravlad aqvs mas naSromebi berZnuli keramikuli ferweris
sferoSi.
Franz Bopp (1791-1867)
germaneli mecnieri. SedarebiTi indoevropuli enaTmecnierebis fuZemdebeli. indoev-
ropul enaTa cnobili mkvlevari, romelmac gansazRvra SedarebiTi enaTmecnierebis mTeli
Semdgomi ganviTareba.
Ernst Buschor (1886-1961)
germaneli arqeologi da xelovnebis istorikosi. gansakuTrebiT warmatebiT muSaobda
berZnuli plastikisa da ferweris sferoSi.
Charles Gabriel Cobet (1813-1889)
daniuri warmomavlobis frangi mkvlevari, romelic muSaobda teqstis kritikis
sferoSi.
Francis Macdonald Cornford (1874-1943)
misi moRvaweoba dakavSirebulia kembrijTan. moRvaweobis sfero aris berZnuli lit-
eratura, filosofia, azrovnebis istoria.
Ernst Curtius (1814-1896)
germaneli mecnieri, antikurobis mkvlevari, am sityvis yvelaze ufro farTo gagebiT.
mas ZiriTadi naSromebi istoriografiis, istoriis, geografiisa da topografiis
sferoSi aqvs.
Gaetano De Sanctis (1870-1957)
italieli mecnieri. misi moRvaweobis ZiriTadi sfero aris Zveli saberZneTisa da romis
istoria.
Hermann Diels (1848-1922)
germaneli mecnieri. muSaobda antikuri filosofiis da mecnierebis sferoSi. sok-
ratemdel filosofosTa fragmentebis miseuli gamocema dRemde Seucvlel samagido wigns
warmoadgens klasikur filologiaSi.
Arthur Evans (1851-1941)
arqeologi, romelsac saxeli gauTqva kunZul kretaze warmoebulma gaTxrebma, mino-
suri kulturis aRmoCenam da misma Seswavlam.
Eduard Fränkel (1888-1970)
germaneli mecnieri, romelic moRvaweobda germaniasa da inglisSi. awarmoebda sakmaod
mravalmxriv kvlevas berZnul-romauli filologiis sferoSi.

32
 Tenney Frank (1876-1939)
misi moRvaweoba dakavSirebulia amerikis hopkinsis universitetTan. mas aqvs naSromebi
rogorc filologiis, aseve istoriis sferoSi. misi TaosnobiT ramdenime wlis ganmavlo-
baSi gamodioda cnobili American Journal of Philology.
James George Frazer (1854-1941)
ingliseli mkvlevari. misi moRvaweoba dakavSirebulia kembrijis universitetTan. mas
Seuqmnia naSromebi religiis istoriis da filologiis sferoSi.
Adolf Furtwängler (1853-1907)
germaneli arqeologi, romelic aseve warmatebiT muSaobda literaturisa da xelovne-
bis urTierTmimarTebis sferoSi.
Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve (1831-1924)
amerikeli mkvlevari, romelmac Tavisi moRvaweobis mniSvnelovani periodi daukavSira
virjiniis universitets. mas aqvs mniSvnelovani naSromebi klasikur enebSi.
George Grote (1794-1871)
ingliseli mecnieri, romelmac saxeli gaiTqva Tavisi SromebiT saberZneTis isto-
riografiasa da filosofiis istoriaSi.
Jane Ellen Harrison (1850-1928)
misi mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba klasikur filologiaSi Zalze nayofieri iyo da mas sak-
maod didi gavlena hqonda mecnierebaSi. misi moRvaweoba mraval centrTan iyo dakavSire-
buli, maT Soris kembrijsa da oqsfordTan. mas aqvs fundamenturi naSromebi miTologi-
aSi, xelovnebis istoriaSi, antikur religiaSi.
Johannes Hasebroek (1893-1957)
germaneli mecnieri, romelsac mniSvnelovani naSromebi aqvs antikuri qveynebis istori-
asa da socialur cxovrebaSi.
Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1854-1928)
misi moRvaweoba daiwyo kopenhagenSi da igi iTvleboda daniis erT-erT aRiarebul mec-
nierad. misi ZiriTadi naSromebi eZRvneba antikuri epoqis mecnierebas, kerZod, maTe-
matikosebs da bunebismetyvelebs.
Gottfried Hermann (1772-1848)
germaneli mecnieri. e. w. esTetikur-formaluri mimarTulebis momxre klasikur
filologiaSi. cnobilia misi naSromebi berZnul dramaSi, kerZod, tragediaSi, berZnuli
gramatikisa da metrikis sferoSi.
Gilbert Arthur Highet (1906-1978)
misi moRvaweoba dakavSirebulia didi britaneTis universitetebTan. mas aqvs naSromebi
klasikuri filologiis mraval sferoSi, gansakuTrebiT gaiTqva man saxeli Tavisi wigniT
klasikuri tradiciis Sesaxeb evropul literaturaSi.
Alfred Edward Housman (1859-1936)
mas miiCneven britaneTis istoriaSi erT-erT udides mkvlevrad klasikuri filologiis
sferoSi, misi muSaoba dakavSirebuli iyo britaneTis cnobil sauniversiteto centrebTan.
mas ekuTvnis naSromebi antikuri astronomiis, laTinuri literaturis sferoSi.
Felix Jacoby (1876-1959)
germaneli mecnieri, romelsac klasikur filologiaSi erT-erT avtoritetul figu-
rad miiCneven. cnobilia misi naSromebi berZnuli istoriografiisa da literaturis
sferoSi, gansakuTrebiT gauTqva mas saxeli berZen istorikosTa fragmentebis gamocemam.

33
 Werner Jaeger (1888-1961)
germaneli siZveleTmcodne. antikuri memkvidreobis Seswavlaze zrunvis mizniT man daa-
fuZna e. w. mesame humanizmi. cnobilia misi naSromebi berZnuli filosofiis da kulturis
istoriis sferoSi. gansakuTrebuli dideba moutana mas misma samtomianma Paideia-m, ro-
melic dResac samagido wignad iTvleba.
Otto Jahn (1813-1869)
germaneli siZveleTmcodne. man Seqmna naSromebi klasikuri filologiis sxvadasxva
sferoSi: epigrafika, berZnul-romauli literatura, filosofia.
Ricard Claverhouse Jebb (1841-1905)
didi britaneTis klasikuri filologiis erT-erTi cnobili warmomadgeneli. mas aqvs
mravalricxovani naSromi da Targmani, ZiriTadad, Zveli berZnuli literaturis sferoSi.
aseve ganaxorciela antikur avtorTa teqstebis kritikuli gamocemebi.
Karl Lachmann (1793-1851)
germaneli mecnieri, romelsac ekuTvnis mniSvnelovani siaxleebis Setana teqstebis ga-
mocemis sferoSi. mas ekuTvnis cnebebis recensio, emendatio da teqstis istoriis kvlevis Se-
tana gamocemaSi. masve aqvs mravali naSromi literaturis istoriaSi. cnobilia misi `sim-
ReraTa Teoria~ homerologiaSi. masve Tvlian germanistikis erT-erT fuZemdeblad.
Albin Lesky (1896-1981)
avstrieli mecnieri. XX saukunis erT-erTi TvalsaCino figura klasikur filologi-
aSi. mas gansakuTrebiT gauTqva saxeli fundamenturma naSromebma berZnuli literaturis
istoriasa da berZnul tragediaSi.
Johan Nicolai Madvig (1804-1886)
skandinavieli laTinisti da laTinurenovani teqstebis kritikuli gamocemebis avtori.
teqstebis gamocemasTan erTad mravali saintereso naSromiT aris cnobili. aRsaniSnavia
misi laTinuri enis gramatika, romelic msoflios araerT enaze iTargmna.
Eduard Meyer (1855-1930)
msoflio istoriis yvelaze ufro cnobili germaneli mkvlevari. mas aqvs Seqmnili fun-
damenturi naSromebi antikuri samyaros istoriaSi, aseve qristianobis sawyisebze da Zveli
egviptis qronologiis Sesaxeb. cnobilia misi koncefcia Zveli samyaros, yvelaze ufro
farTo gagebiT, erTianobis Sesaxeb.
Arnaldo Momigliano (1908-1987)
italieli mecnieri, romlis moRvaweoba dakavSirebuli iyo pizis, amerikisa da didi
britaneTis universitetebTan. misi kvlevis sfero, ZiriTadad, antikuri samyaros istori-
kosebsa da istorias moicavs.
Theodor Mommsen (1817-1903)
msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze ufro cnobili germaneli istorikosi. gansakuTrebiT
gauTqva mas saxeli misma romis istoriam, romelic dRemde samagido wignad iTvleba da ro-
melmac 1902 wels nobelis premia moipova. misi fundamenturi naSromebi moicavs, ZiriTa-
dad, romisa da Zveli samyaros istorias, epigrafikas.
Karl Otfried Müller (1797-1840)
germaneli filologi, romelmac, xanmokle cxovrebis miuxedavad, mravali sayuradRebo
naSromi Seqmna klasikuri filologiis sferoSi. igi Tanabari warmatebiT muSaobda
rogorc zogadad kulturis istoriis, aseve literaturis istoriis sferoSi. mas
ekuTvnis Zveli berZnuli literaturis pirveli fundamenturi istoria axal epoqaSi.

34
 Gilbert Murray (1866-1957)
britaneli elinisti, romelmac Tavisi xangrZlivi cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi mravali naS-
romi Seqmna berZnuli filologiis sferoSi. ganaxorciela Zvel avtorTa araerTi nawar-
moebis kritikuli gamocema da inglisur enaze Targmani. cnobilia misi naSromebi Zveli
berZnuli literaturis istoriaSi da Zvel berZnul religiaSi.
Martin Persson Nilsson (1874-1967)
Tanamedroveobis udidesi Svedi mkvlevari berZnuli religiis sferoSi. mas ekuTvnis
araerTi naSromi rogorc minosuri da mikenuri epoqis, aseve elinuri da elinisturi epo-
qebis berZnul religiaSi. gansakuTrebiT gauTqva mas saxeli fundamenturma naSromebma
berZnul religiaze.
Eduard Norden (1868-1941)
germaneli mecnieri, romelmac, ZiriTadad, saxeli laTinistikis sferoSi Seqmnili naS-
romebiT gaiTqva. mas ekuTvnis romauli literaturis kompaqturi kursi, romelic dRemde
didi popularobiT sargeblobs da araerTgzis gamoica.
William Abbott Oldfather (1880-1945)
sparseTSi dabadebuli, mamis mxridan avstrieli da dedis mxridan amerikuli warmoSo-
bis mecnieri, romlis muSaoba Semdeg daukavSirda araerTi qveynis samecniero centrs,
upirveles yovlisa ki, mas Semdeg, rac igi amerikaSi gadasaxlda, harvardis universitets.
mas aqvs naSromebi, ZiriTadad, romauli literaturis sferoSi. didi wvlili miuZRvis mas
Loeb Classical Library-is seriis mravali tomis momzadebasa da gamocemaSi.
Denys Lionel Page (1908-1978)
XX saukunis erT-erTi udidesi ingliseli filologi, romlis muSaobac dakavSire-
buli iyo inglisis cnobil sauniversiteto centrebTan. man ganaxorciela berZen
lirikosTa, berZnuli epigramebis, berZnul papirusebze SemorCenili teqstebis araerTi
gamocema, romlebic dRes saukeTesod arian aRiarebulni. masve ekuTvnis fundamenturi
naSromebi homerosis eposisa da berZnuli lirikis sferoSi.
Milman Parry (1902-1935)
amerikeli mecnieri da folkloristi, romelmac gadatrialeba moaxdina homerosis sa-
kiTxis kvlevaSi. mis saxels ukavSirdeba e. w. zepiri poeziis Oral Poetry-is Teoriis
damkvidreba Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneobaSi, romelmac biZgi misca mravalwliani
diskusiis warmoqmnas imis Taobaze, zepiri gziT aris Camoyalibebuli homerosis eposi Tu
werilobiT.
Giorgio Pasquali (1885-1952)
klasikuri filologiis italiuri skolis warmomadgeneli, romelmac fundamenturi
ganaTleba miiRo cnobil germanel mecnierebTan swavlis periodSi. mas aqvs Seqmnili naS-
romebi rogorc grecistikis, aseve laTinistikis sferoSi filologiisa da istoriis,
rogorc dargebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb.
Richard Porson (1759-1808)
britaneTis erT-erTi udidesi filologi. Zveli antikuri avtorebis cnobili gamomce-
meli da berZnuli leqsTwyobis Seswavlis sferoSi mniSvnelovani aRmoCenis avtori.
Friedrich Ritschl (1806-1876)
germaneli laTinisti, romelsac Zveli laTinuri filologiis erT-erT pionerad miiC-
neven, kerZod, plavtusis Semoqmedebis Seswavlis sferoSi.
Erwin Rohde (1845-1898)
germaneli mecnieri, romelmac saxeli gaiTqva Tavisi fundamenturi naSromebiT anti-
kuri romanisa da berZnuli religiis Seswavlis sferoSi.

35
 Michael Rostovtzeff (1870-1952)
cnobili mecnieri, romelic daibada ukrainaSi. misi moRvaweoba ukavSirdeba kievs, pe-
terburgs. revoluciis mere ruseTis datovebis Semdgom igi muSaobas ganagrZobs brita-
neTsa da amerikaSi. rostovcevi iTvleba antikuri samyaros erT-erT udides istorikosad,
romlis rusulad dawerili araerTi naSromi iTargmna ucxo enebze. amasTan erTad igi
aqveynebda naSromebs germanul enaze, xolo ruseTidan gadasaxlebis Semdeg _ inglisurad.
gansakuTrebuli saxeli moupova mas fundamenturma naSromma `elinisturi samyaros so-
cialuri da ekonomikuri istoria~.
Wolfgang Schadewaldt (1900-1974)
germaneli mecnieri. antikuri mwerlobis mkvlevari, am sityvis yvelaze ufro farTo
gagebiT. mas ekuTvnis cnobili naSromebi homerologiaSi, romelTac klasikuri
filologiis dargis ganviTarebisaTvis revoluciuri mniSvneloba hqondaT. agreTve cno-
bilia misi Sromebi berZnuli dramis, istoriografiis, lirikis sferoSi da berZnuli
memkvidreobis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove evropaSi.
Heinrich Schliemann (1822-1890)
cnobili germaneli arqeologi, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara egeosur arqeologias. man
gansakuTrebiT gaiTqva saxeli hisarlikis maRlobze gaTxrebiT da troas aRmoCeniT. fas-
daudebelia misi gaTxrebi mikenuri epoqis kontinentur saberZneTSi.
Paul Shorey (1857-1934)
amerikeli mkvlevari. man safuZveli Cauyara cnobili Jurnalis, Classical Philology-s ga-
mocemas, romelsac is sicocxlis bolomde xelmZRvanelobda. mas saxeli moutana ZiriTadad
naSromebma platonsa da horaciusze.
Bruno Snell (1896-1986)
germaneli mecnieri, romelmac saxeli gaiTqva Tavisi SromebiT berZnuli kulturis is-
toriaSi, Zveli avtorebis teqstebis kritikuli gamocemebiT. cnobilia misi koncefcia
`sulis aRmoCenis~ Sesaxeb Zvel berZnul kulturaSi.
Lily Ross Taylor (1886-1969)
amerikeli mecnieri, romelsac saxeli moupova romis istoriisa da romaul-etruskuli
religiis sferoSi Seqmnilma naSromebma.
Hermann Usener (1834-1905)
klasikuri filologiis da religiis istoriis germaneli mkvlevari. mas aqvs naSromebi
ritorikis, filosofiis sferoSi. mas miiCneven religiis istoriis erT-erT mniSvnelovan
mkvlevrad Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi.
Jacob Wackernagel (1853-1938)
Sveicaruli warmomavlobis udidesi lingvisti. fasdaudebelia misi wvlili indoevro-
puli enaTmecnierebis sferoSi. cnobilia misi fundamenturi naSromebi klasikuri enaTmec-
nierebis sferoSi.
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (1848-1931)
mas erTxmad miiCneven klasikuri filologiis, kerZod, elinologiis sferoSi axali ev-
ropis udides mkvlevrad. Znelia konkretulad ganisazRvros is sferoebi, romelTa Ses-
wavlaSic Seitana man Tavisi wvlili, radgan, faqtobrivad, ar darCenila Zveli berZnuli
civilizaciis arc erTi mniSvnelovani sfero, romelSic mkvlevars fundamenturi, saetapo
mniSvnelobis naSromebi ar Seeqmna. swored amitom misi naSromebis didi nawili dResac
Tanamedrove evropaSi araerTgzis gamoicema ganmeorebiT.
Friedrich August Wolf (1759-1824)
germaneli mecnieri, romelic SeiZleba miviCnioT Tanamedrove klasikuri filologiis
WeSmarit fuZemdeblad, radgan misma naSromebma gansazRvres berZnul-romauli filolo-

36
giis sferoSi kvlevis meTodika, romelsac XIX-XX saukuneSi emyareboda klasikuri
filologia. gansakuTrebiT popularulia volfis Teoria homerosis eposis Sesaxeb, ro-
melmac, faqtobrivad, warmoqmna `homerosis sakiTxi~ da dRemde safuZvels uqmnis davas
homerosis poemebis erTianobis Sesaxeb.
Алексей Федорович Лосев (1893-1988)
rusi mecnieri, enciklopedisti, romelmac saocrad didi da mravalmxrivi memkvidreoba
datova ara marto klasikur filologiaSi, aramed saerTod evropuli kulturis is-
toriaSi. cnobilia misi Sromebi homerologiaSi, antikur miTologiaSi, antikuri esTeti-
kis istoriasa da filosofiaSi.
grigol wereTeli (1879-1938(?))
klasikuri filologiis skolis Semqmneli, XX saukunis klasikur filologiaSi erT-
erTi TvalsaCino figura. man saxeli gaiTqva ruseTsa da evropaSi Tavisi cnobili naSrome-
biT papirologiis sferoSi. saqveynod aris aRiarebuli misi papirusebis koleqciis xuT-
tomiani gamocema, romelic TbilisSi ganxorcielda. igi aris fundamenturi berZnuli
literaturis istoriis avtori, romelic mTels postsabWoTa sivrceSi berZnuli mwer-
lobis pirvel originalur akademiur gamocemad iTvleba.
simon yauxCiSvili (1895-1986)
qarTuli klasikuri filologiisa da bizantinologiis skolis erT-erTi damfuZne-
beli. man fasdaudebeli wvlili Seitana dargis ganviTarebasa da klasikuri filologiis
sferoSi Taobebis aRzrdis saqmeSi. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi naSromebi berZnuli
literaturis istoriis, klasikuri enebis, saqarTveloze arsebuli antikuri da bizan-
tieli avtorebis cnobebis Sesaxeb.

literatura
 A. Gudeman, Grundriß zur Geschichte der klassischen Philologie, Leipzig, Berlin 19092.
 Einleitung in die griechische Philologie, H.-G. Nesselrath (Hrsg.), Stuttgart, Leipzig 1997.
 P. Riemer, M. Weißenberger, B. Zimmermann, Einführung in das Studium der Gräzistik, München
2000.
 Einleitung in die lateinische Philologie, F. Graf (Hrsg.), Stuttgart, Leipzig 1997.
 P. Riemer, M. Weißenberger, B. Zimmermann, Einführung in das Studium der Latinistik, München
1998.
 G. Jäger, Einführung in die Klassische Philologie, München 19903.
 P. Krafft, Orientierung. Klassische Philologie. Was sie kann, was sie will, Hamburg 2001.
 Einleitug in die klassische Altertumswissenschaft, J. Irmscher (Hrsg.), Berlin 1986.
 R. Pfeiffer, History of Classical Scholarship. From the Beginning to the End of the Hellenistic Age,
Oxford 1968; History of Classical Scholarship 1300-1850, Oxford 1976.
 Classical Scholarship. A Biographical Encyclopedia, W. W. Briggs, W. M. Calder III (ed.), New
York, London 1990.
 С. И. Радциг, Введение в классическую филологию, Москва 1965.
 R. Gordesiani, Georgien, DNP, 14, 132 Smd.
 v. asaTiani, antikuri da bizantiuri tradiciebi Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi, Tbilisi 1996.
 T. yauxCiSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis Zveli berZnuli wyaroebi, Tbilisi 1976.
 R. Gkornteziavni, S. Siamanivdou, Ellhnikev" Spoudev" sth Gewrgiva, Provgramma Lovgo", 20003.

37
 teqstis kritika

rogorc aRvniSneT, antikuri teqstebis absoluturi umetesoba Cvenamde moR-

weulia Sua saukuneebis xelnawerebis saxiT. sxvadasxva avtoris, sxvadasxva nawar-
moebis mixedviT, am xelnawerTa raodenoba gansxvavebulia, iseve rogorc gansxvave-
bulia maTi warmomavloba da Seqmnis TariRi. zog SemTxvevaSi erTi nawarmoebi
asobiT xelnaweriT SeiZleba iyos warmodgenili, sxva SemTxvevaSi _ mxolod ram-
denimeTi. TavisTavad cxadia, Tanamedrove mecnieris winaSe, romelmac teqstis
kritikuli gamocema unda moamzados, savsebiT bunebrivad ismis kiTxva: rogor
unda asaxos man is gansxvavebebi, romlebic am xelnawerebis teqstebSi SeiniSneba, ra
principiT unda miudges igi maTi urTierTSejerebis process? am SemTxvevaSi
gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom, Tuki Cven uSualod teqstis originali ar
mogvepoveba, teqstebis Seswavla ver daefuZneba amgvar kanonzomierebas: rac ufro
Zvelia xelnaweri, miT ufro axloa igi originalTan. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom
ufro gviandeli xelnaweri teqstis gacilebiT metad sando variants gvinaxavdes,
vidre ufro adreuli, radgan igi, Tavis mxriv, SesaZloa, misi winamorbedi sando
xelnaweridan momdinareobs. teqstis kritikis dRevandeli specialistis amocanaa
sxvadasxva xelnawerTa gaTvaliswinebiT da zogjer rekonstruqciis sakuTari al-
Ros karnaxiT daadginos teqstis is varianti, romelic, savaraudod, yvelaze ax-
los SeiZleba iyos Tavdapirvel teqstTan anu originalTan. bunebrivia, es
moiTxovs Zalze Sromatevad muSaobas da teqstis analizis meTodebis srulyofi-
lad flobas. amasTan erTad, kritikuli gamocema miT ufro faseulia, Tuki igi
iTvaliswinebs yvela xelnawerSi mocemul variants da maT warmogvidgens mis mier
dadgenili teqstis komentarebsa Tu sqolioebSi.
rasakvirvelia, teqstis dadgena, rac miRebuli saerTaSoriso terminologiiT
aRiniSneba laTinuri formuliT constitutio textus, Tavis mxriv garkveul safexurebs
moicavs. Cveulebriv, gamoyofen muSaobis sam ZiriTad safexurs: pirvel safexurze
xdeba mkvlevris TvalsawierSi moxvedrili yvela teqstis Seswavla, raTa gairkves,
Tu ramden redaqcias vflobT. am etaps ewodeba recensio, rodesac mkvlevris xelSi
eqceva e. w. ZiriTadi da meorexarisxovani variantebi. pirvelSi igulisxmeba isini,
romelnic teqsts an mis nawilebs srulad gvTavazoben, iqneba es xelnawerebi Tu
papirusebi, xolo meorexarisxovan variantSi erTiandeba is monacemebi, romelTac
teqstTan aqvT garkveuli mimarTeba misi citirebis, perifrazirebis, Targmanis,
komentarebis Tu saleqsikono statiebis saxiT. a. m., zog SemTxvevaSi Cven SeiZleba
berZnuli teqstis dadgenaSi dagvexmaros misi laTinuri, arabuli an siriuli
Targmanebi. am procesis Semdeg xdeba kargad Seswavlili da erTmaneTTan Sedare-
buli teqstebidan maTi SerCeva an gamoyofa, romelnic teqstis dadgenisaTvis
uvargisni arian, ramdenadac ar Seicaven am teqstis raime damoukidebel variants
an versias da warmoadgenen, faqtobrivad, mxolod romelime gamocemis asls. am
etaps ewodeba eliminatio codicum descriptorum. amis Semdeg iwyeba xelnawerTa Tanamim-
devrobis dadgena da genealogiuri xis ageba, romelic gulisxmobs imis gansaz-

38
Rvras, Tu ra mimarTebebia ufro adreulsa da SedarebiT mogviano xelnawerebs
Soris. am process ewodeba stemma codicum. berZnulad stevmma `sagvareulo Stos~
niSnavs. am gadamwyvet etapze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba variantebis dadgenas,
mniSvnelovani Secdomebis (errores significativi) fiqsacias. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba
im formebis, winadadebebis da zogjer mTeli wignebis gamoyofac ki, romlebSic
warmodgenilia teqstis imgvari variantebi, romelTa arsebobac originalSi
gamoricxulia.
ganvixiloT stemas dadgenis procesi, rogorc es dRes aris miRebuli teqstis
kritikaSi. magaliTad, aviRoT teqsti, romelic eqvsi xelnaweriT aris Cvenamde mo-
Rweuli da TiToeuli aRvniSnoT laTinuri asoebiT A, B, C, D, E, F. kvlevas Seu-
Zlia migviyvanos Semdeg Sedegebamde:
eqvssave xelnawers aqvs erTnairi da saerTo Secdomebi, rac maT erT jgufad
aerTianebs da rac mxolod orgvari daskvnis SesaZleblobas iZleva: a) yvela isini
momdinareoben erTi xelnaweridan, romelic Cvenamde ar SemorCa, magram romelic
yvela am Secdomas Seicavda; b) am eqvsi xelnaweridan erT-erTi aris yvela sxva xel-
naweris wyaro.
yvela calke aRebuli xelnaweri Seicavs sakuTar Secdomebs, romlebic sxva xel-
nawerSi ar dasturdeba da romelTac gadamweri ubralod gverds ver auvlida. am
SemTxvevaSi gamoiricxa ukve is, rom am eqvsidan romeliRac erTi xelnaweri aris
sxvebis wyaro da iZulebuli varT, davuSvaT is SesaZlebloba, rom arsebobda ra-
Rac erTi, Cvenamde armoRweuli xelnaweri, romlidanac gadmowerilia eqvsive da
TiToeulma gadamwerma gadaweris procesSi Tavisi sakuTari Secdomebi dauSva. am
savaraudo xelnawers SeiZleba arqetipi vuwodoT. sqematurad es amgvarad Seg-
viZlia gamovsaxoT:

eqvsi xelnaweridan xuTs B, C, D, E, F aqvs erTnairi Secdomebi, romlebic A-s ar

gaaCnia. es Cven saSualebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT, rom am xuT xelnawersa da arqetips
Soris arsebobda kidev [a]-dan momdinare raRac saSualedo [b] xelnaweri, ro-
melic, Tavis mxriv, safuZvlad daedo B, C, D, E, F xelnawerebs. am e. w. beta [b] xel-
nawers SeiZleba ewodos hiparqetipi. am SemTxvevaSi sqema amgvar xasiaTs miiRebs:

xelnawerebs B da F-s aqvT saerTo urTierTdamakavSirebeli Secdomebi, romel-

nic C, D, E-s ar axasiaTebs. garda amisa, F gviCvenebs damatebiT sxva Secdomebsac. am
SemTxvevaSi xelnawerebis warmoqmnis sqema Semdeg saxes miiRebs:

39
 SeiZleba D da E-s sakuTari saerTo Secdomebi hqondeT, romelnic B, C da F-s ar
axasiaTebs. e. w. ganmasxvavebeli Secdomebis arseboba D da E-Si iseTia, rom gamo-
ricxulia maTgan erT-erTi meoris wyaro iyos. am SemTxvevaSi Cven iZulebuli
viqnebiT, davuSvaT kidev erTi [g] hiparqetipis arseboba, romelic beta xelnawe-
ramde adis, magram ar warmoadgens amosavals B da C-saTvis. am SemTxvevaSi sqema
aseT saxes miiRebs:

amgvarad miRebuli stema SesaZleblobas iZleva SeviqmnaT warmodgena imaze, Tu

rogori unda yofiliyo savaraudo arqetipi da Semdeg am arqetipTan Tu hi-
parqetipTan sxvadasxva xelnawerebis mimarTeba. rasakvirvelia, mTeli es muSaoba
teqstis saboloo variantis dadgenamde Zalze bevri operaciis Catarebas moi-
Txovs, romelic dakavSirebulia uamravi enaTmecnieruli, stiluri, metruli, li-
teraturaTmcodneobiTi, istoriuli da sxva faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebasTan.
mTeli am muSaobis Catarebis Semdgom mzaddeba Tanamedrove kritikuli gamo-
cema. igi gansxvavdeba saskolo gamocemisagan, romelic ar Seicavs teqstis dadge-
nasTan dakavSirebul SeniSvnebs. rac Seexeba kritikul gamocemas, mas aqvs, Cveu-
lebriv, ramdenime aucilebeli elementi. es aris winasityvaoba praefatio, romelSic
aris mocemuli recensio-sTan dakavSirebuli yvela mniSvnelovani faqti. es aris um-
niSvnelovanesi teqstebis CamoTvla, aRwera, dajgufeba, im principebis gadmocema,
romelTa safuZvelzec moxda teqstis dadgena, zogierT SemTxvevaSi gaTvalis-
winebulia teqstis ufro adreuli sxva kritikuli gamocemebi da miniSnebulia
maTgan gansxvavebebis SemTxvevebi da mizezebi. am Sesavals Tan erTvis Semoklebebis
nusxa da ukanasknel xanebSi Zalze xSirad sruli bibliografiac. rac Seexeba Ta-
vad kritikul aparats, am SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva kritikul gamocemaSi SeiZleba
garkveuli gansxvavebebi gvqondes. igi SeiZleba daerTos mTel teqsts boloSi, an
yovel gverds sqolioebis saxiT. am kritikul aparatSi miTiTebulia maqsimalurad
yvela sxva varianti, romelic dadgenil teqstTan gansxvavebiT SeiniSneba xelnaw-
erebSi, yvela lingvisturi Tu sxva xasiaTis SeniSvna, romelic aucilebelia imis
gasagebad, Tu ra principebs iyenebda teqstis dadgenisas esa Tu is mkvlevari.

40
ZiriTadi teqstis gamocemas SeiZleba Tan erTodes e. w. testimonia anu am avtorze
Tu nawarmoebze arsebuli mTeli antikuri informaciis amsaxveli teqstebi, aseve
aRWurvili kritikuli aparatiT (kritikuli aparati, maT Soris, praefatio, Cveu-
lebriv, keTdeba laTinur enaze). kritikul gamocemas aseve Tan erTvis sakuTar
saxelTa saZiebeli.
kritikuli gamocemis ufro gavrcobil variants warmoadgens gamocema, aRWurvili
TandarTuli detaluri da safuZvliani komentarebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Cveulebriv,
Tanamedrove gamomcemeli mTel mecnierul aparats (igulisxmeba Sesavali, komen-
tarebi, uSualod teqstTan dakavSirebuli kritikuli gamocemisaTvis aucilebeli
SeniSvnebis garda) gvTavazobs ukve im qveynis enaze, sadac gamoicema es wigni.
imisaTvis, rom ufro naTeli gaxdes, Tu rogor SeiZleba visargebloT amgvari
kritikuli gamocemiT, ganvixiloT konkretuli SemTxvevebi. aviRoT, magaliTad,
hesiodes `samuSaoni da dRenis~ m. l. vestiseuli kritikuli gamocema SesavliTa da
komentarebiT (inglisur enaze). warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad, Tu rogor gamoiyureba
Tanamedrove kritikuli gamocemis teqsti, imave gverdze aparatis darTviT, moviy-
vanT am gamocemidan erT-erT gverds. aq warmodgenil teqstSi aRwerilia kaco-
briobis 5 saukune.

41
 rogorc vxedavT, vestis mier dadgenil teqsts Tan axlavs or segmentad ga-
nawilebuli kritikuli aparati. pirvel segmentSi mocemulia is sayrdenebi
teqstis dadgenisas, romlebsac, ZiriTadad, antikuri epoqis sxva avtorTa teqs-
tebi gvTavazoben. xolo meore segmentSi gamomcemeli, ZiriTadad, gvTavazobs xel-
nawerebSi dacul variantebs. a. m., aq 111-e striqonSi vesti gvidasturebs, rom mis
mier SerCeuli forma ejmbasivleuen dasturdeba Semdeg xelnawerebSi y4y9y102y12,
xolo ejbasivleuen variants gvTavazoben sxva redaqciebi CDFy* Diod. komentarebis
nawilSi aq motanili 105-123 striqonebis detalur analizs (igulisxmeba, rom ganx-
ilulia TiToeuli striqonis TiToeuli leqsikuri formativi, romelic
yuradRebas imsaxurebs) eTmoba 172_183 gverdebi.
is, Tu ramdenad dazianebuli SeiZleba iyos papirusebze aRmoCenili teqsti,
romelic dRes mainc eqceva xolme kritikul gamocemebSi, kargad gviCvenebs d. l.
peijiseuli berZen lirikosTa fragmentebis gamocema, romelSic alkmanis mesame
fragmentis erT-erTi nawilis kritikuli gamocema amgvarad gamoiyureba:

rogor xdeba antikuri teqstebis citireba?

rogor xdeba antikuri teqstebis citireba? Tanamedrove mkiTxveli miCveu-
lia, rom ama Tu im nawarmoebis an naSromis Sesabamisi adgilis citirebisas igi
uTiTebs am naSromis Sesabamis gamocemas da gverds, sadac misTvis saintereso

42
adgilia dadasturebuli. antikur avtorTa nawarmoebis citirebisas principi
savsebiT gansxvavebulia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am SemTxvevaSi Cven gvaqvs citaciis
unificirebuli principebi, romlebic SesaZleblobas gvaZleven CvenTvis
saintereso adgili mivuTiToT ara ama Tu im gamocemis gverdis dasaxelebiT, ara-
med ufro ganzogadebuli da universaluri saSualebiT. am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
davasaxeloT klasikur filologiaSi damkvidrebuli citaciis ramdenime wesi. Cve-
namde srulad an met-naklebad srulad moRweuli epikuri nawarmoebebis citire-
bisas, romlebic ramdenime simRerisa Tu Tavisagan Sedgeba, jer mieTiTeba nawar-
moebis saxelwodeba, Semdeg simRerisa Tu Tavis nomeri, romauli an arabuli ci-
frebiT da Semdeg striqonebi arabuli cifrebiT. a. m., Tuki Cven gvsurs mivuTi-
ToT `iliadaSi~ andromaqes sityva heqtoris mimarT, es ase unda gavakeToT: il.,
VI, 407-439. Tuki nawarmoebi ar aris dayofili wignebad an simRerebad, am SemTxve-
vaSi vuTiTebT nawarmoebis saxelwodebas srulad an SemoklebiT, Semdeg ki stri-
qonTa numeracias. Tuki vaxdenT fragmentebad moRweul lirikosTa nawarmoebis
citacias, maSin unda daveyrdnoT lirikosebis erT-erT aRiarebul kritikul ga-
mocemas da mivuTiToT jer antikuri avtoris saxelwodeba, Semdeg fr. (=frag-
menti), Semdeg nomeri da Semdgom gamomcemlis an gamomcemelTa Semoklebuli gvari
miRebuli tradiciis Sesabamisad. a. m., Tuki gvsurs mivuTiToT safos cnobili
himni afroditesadmi, es amgvarad SeiZleba Sesruldes: safo, fr. 1 lp. es niSnavs,
rom cnobil gamocemaSi E. Lobel, D. L. Page, Poetarum Lesbiorum Fragmenta, Oxford 1955,
CvenTvis saintereso leqsi Sesulia pirvel nomrad. Tuki gvsurs mivuTiToT alk-
manis erT-erTi CvenTvis saintereso fragmenti, romelSic gadmocemulia moxuce-
bulobaSi Sesuli poetis gancdebi, SegviZlia Semdegnairad mivuTiToT: alkmani,
fr. 56 p, rac niSnavs, rom cnobil gamocemaSi D. L. Page, Poetae Melici Graeci, Oxford
1952, CvenTvis saintereso fragmenti swored am nomriT aris aRniSnuli.
zogierTi prozaikosi avtoris miTiTebis dros SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas
orgvari principi: erTi Zalze zusti, rodesac CvenTvis saintereso striqonsac ki
vuTiTebT da SedarebiT zogadi, rodesac vuTiTebT mxolod Sesabamis wigns, Tavs
an paragrafs. pirvel SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba, rom avtorTa erTi nawilis gamoce-
mebSi gaTvaliswinebulia ara marto maTi Txzulebebis wignebad, Tavebad da,
SesaZloa, paragrafebad dayofis principi, aramed maTi pirveli an erT-erTi
pirveli gamocemis gverdebis nomriTac. es orive wesi SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli,
magaliTad, platonisa da aristoteles SemTxvevaSi. a. m., Tuki Cven gvsurs mi-
vuTiToT adgili aristoteles `poetikaSi~, sadac igi pirvelad axsenebs litera-
turis misTvis cnobil Janrebs, Cven SegviZlia mivuTiToT amgvari saxiTac: arist.
(aristotele), poet. 1447a13 Smd., magram SegviZlia mivuTiToT aseve: aristotele,
poetika, Tavi I. pirvel SemTxvevaSi pirveli cifri aRniSnavs unificirebuli gver-
dis nomers, aso a azustebs adgils, xolo ukanaskneli cifri aRniSnavs striqons.
meore SemTxvevaSi Cven vifarglebiT mxolod im Tavis miniSnebiT, romelSic mo-
tanilia CvenTvis saintereso informacia. prozaikos avtorTa umetesobis
SemTxvevaSi Cven vefuZnebiT nawarmoebis wignebad, Tavebad (da paragrafebad) miT-
iTebis princips. a. m., herodotosis SemTxvevaSi Cven vuTiTebT wignis nomers ro-
mauli an arabuli cifriT da Sesabamisi Tavis nomers, magaliTad: 1, 3.
antikuri dramebis SemTxvevaSi vuTiTebT avtoris da Semdeg dramis saxelwode-
bas qarTulad an laTinurad (miuxedavad imisa, avtori berZenia Tu romaeli) da
Semdeg CvenTvis saintereso Sesabamisi striqonis nomers. a. m., esq. ag. 25. an Aesch.

43
Ag. 25. es niSnavs: esqile, agamemnoni, striqoni 25. klasikur filologiaSi sakmaod
popularulia citaciisas avtorTa da nawarmoebTa saxelebis miTiTeba laTinuri
variantiT, miuxedavad imisa, avtori berZenia Tu romaeli. Cven wigns daerTvis an-
tikuri epoqis avtorTa da nawarmoebTa mniSvnelovani nusxa qarTul da klasikur
enebze, rogorc srulad, aseve SemoklebiT, dRes miRebuli wesis Sesabamisad.

literatura
klasikuri teqstebis gamocemaTa umniSvnelovanesi Tanamedrove seriebi
 germaniaSi: Bibliotheca Teubneriana (BT), Leipzig, Stuttgart _ gamoicema 1850 wlidan. teqste-
bis kritikuli gamocema originalis enaze laTinurenovani aparatiT; Tusculum Bücherei,
München _ teqstebi originalis enaze, paraleluri germanuli TargmaniTa da aparatiT
aseve germanul enaze;
inglissa da aSS-Si: Bibliotheca Oxoniana: Oxford Classical Texts (OCT), Oxford _ teqstebis
kritikuli gamocema originalis enaze laTinurenovani aparatiT; Loeb Classical Library
(LCL), London, Cambridge _ teqsti originalis enaze paraleluri inglisuri TargmaniT
da inglisurenovani aparatiT;
safrangeTSi: Collection des Universités de France (`Collection Budé~), Paris _ teqstis kriti-
kuli gamocema originalis enaze da paraleluri Targmani frangulenovani aparatiT;
italiaSi: Corpus Scriptorum Latinorum Paravianum _ laTinurenovan teqstTa kritikuli
gamocema;
saberZneTSi: `kaktosi~ _ orenovani (Zveli berZnuli da axali berZnuli) gamocema;
saqarTveloSi amgvar serias gamoscems Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti egidiT:
`berZnul-laTinuri biblioTeka~.
berZnuli qristianuli literaturis sruli gamocemebi
 Patrologiae cursus completus, series Graeca (PG), ed. J.-P. Migne, Paris 1857-1866 (161 tomi, Conspec-
tus auctorum, 1882; Indices, 2 tomi, 1912/1932) (ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos kritikul gamocemad).
 Corpus Christianorum. Series Graeca (CCG), Turnhout 1977 Smd.; Fontes Christiani (germanuli
TargmaniT), Freiburg, Wien 1990 Smd.; Sources Chrétiennes (SC, franguli TargmaniT), Paris
1941 Smd.; Cambridge Patristic Texts (CPT), Cambridge 1899 Smd.
gvianantikuri epoqis laTini avtorebis kritikuli gamocemebi
 Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH), gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Auctores Antiquissimi,
15 tomi, Berlin 1877-1919.
laTinuri qristianuli literaturis sruli gamocemebi
 Patrologia Latina (PL), ed. J.-P. Migne, Paris 1844-1855 (222 tomi + 5 Suppl.) Conspectus aucto-
rum, 1882; Indices, 2 tomi, 1912/1932) (ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos kritikul gamocemad).
 Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum (CSEL), Wien 1866 Smd.; Corpus Christianorum,
Series Latina (CCL), Turnhout 1954 Smd.; Fontes Christiani (germanuli TargmaniT), Freiburg,
Wien 1990 Smd.; Sources Chrétiennes (SC, franguli TargmaniT), Paris 1941 Smd.; Cambridge
Patristic Texts (CPT), Cambridge 1899 Smd.
kompiuteruli teqstebi
 Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG) _ mTeli Zveli berZnuli literaturis (dasawyisidan ax.
w. VI saukunemde) kompiuteruli Canaweri.
 amJamad mimdinareobs Thesaurus Linguae Latinae-s (TLL) momzadeba.

berZnuli literaturis fragmentebis cnobili gamocemebi

 H. von Arnim, Stoicorum veterum fragmenta (SVF), 4 tomi, Leipzig 1903-1924.

44
 A. Bernabé, Poetarum epicorum Graecorum testimonia et fragmenta, Stuttgart, Leipzig 1987
(Sesworebuli gamocema 1996).
 W. Bühler, Zenobii Athoi proverbia, aqamde gamocemulia 3 tomi, Göttingen 1982 Smd.
 M. Davies, Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, Göttingen 1988.
 H. Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (DK), 3 tomi, Berlin, Zürich 19516/52.
 B. Gentili, C. Prato, Poetae elegiaci, 2 tomi, Leipzig 1988, 1985.
 A. Hilgard, A. Lentz, R. Schneider, G. Uhlig, Grammatici Graeci (GG), 4 tomi, Leipzig 1867-1910.
 F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (FGrH), 3 nawili 14 tomad, Berlin, Leiden
1923-1958.
 R. Kassel, C. Austin, Poetae Comici Graeci (PCG), Berlin, New York 1983 Smd.
 E. L. Leutsch, F. G. Schneidewin, Corpus Paroemiographorum Graecorum (CPG), 2 tomi, Göttin-
gen 1839-1851 (Hildesheim 1958); L. Cohn, Supplementum, Breslau 1887 (Hildesheim 1961).
 H. Lloyd-Jones, P. Parsons, Supplementum Hellenisticum (SH), Berlin, New York 1983.
 C. Müller, Geographi Graeci minores, Paris 1855-1861.
 D. L. Page, Poetae Meleci Graeci (PMG), Oxford 1962; D. L. Page, Supplementum Lyricis Graecis
(SLG), Oxford 1974; M. Davies, Poetarum Melicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, Oxford 1991 Smd.
 I. U. Powell, Collectanea Alexandrina, Oxford 1915 (Chicago 1981).
 B. Snell, R. Kannicht, St. Radt, Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (TrGF), Göttingen 1981 Smd.
 M. L. West, Iambi et elegi Graeci ante Alexandrum cantati, 2 tomi, Oxford 19892, 19922.
laTinuri (romauli) literaturis fragmentebis cnobili gamocemebi
 E. Courtney, The Fragmentary Latin Poets, Oxford 1993 (komentarebiT).
 H. Funaioli, Grammaticae Romanae fragmenta I, Leipzig 1907.
 H. Keil, Grammatici Latini, 7 tomi, Leipzig 1857-1880.
 W. Morel, K. Büchner, J. Blänsdorf, Fragmenta poetarum Latinorum, Stuttgart, Leipzig 19953.
 E. Malcovati, Oratorum Romanorum fragmenta, 3 tomi, Torino 1930/1933.
 A. Mazzarino, Grammaticae Romanae fragmenta aetatis Caesarum, Torino 1955.
 H. Peter, Historicorum Romanorum reliquiae, 2 tomi, Leipzig 19142, 19061 (ucvl. gamoc. 1993).
 O. Ribbeck, Scaenicae Romanorum poesis fragmenta, 2 tomi, Leipzig 1871/73 (ucvl. gamoc.
Hildesheim 1962).
teqstis kritika
 P. Maas, Textkritik, Leipzig 19604.
 M. L. West, Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique, Stuttgart 1973.
 K. J. Dover, Textkritik, in: H.-G. Nesselrath (Hrsg.), Einleitung in die griechische Philologie, Stutt-
gart, Leipzig 1997, 45-58.
 M. Weißenberger, Vom Autograph zur modernen Edition, in: P. Riemer, M. Weißenberger, B.
Zimmermann, Einführung in das Studium der Gräzistik, München 2000, 52-82.
 J. Delz, Textkritik und Editionstechnik, in: F. Graf (Hrsg.), Einleitung in die lateinische Philologie,
Stuttgart, Leipzig 1997, 52-73.
 M. Weißenberger, Vom Autograph zur modernen Edition, in: P. Riemer, M. Weißenberger, B.
Zimmermann, Einführung in das Studium der Latinistik, München 1998, 53-83.

45