1.

The Philippine Elementary School Curriculum gives greater emphasis on the development of basic skills like reading, writing, and arithmetic.
What is the philosophical basis for this?
A. Pragmatism C. Essentialism
B. Perennialism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION:
C. Essentialism. Essentialism
- is an educational theory rooted in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing the essentials of the basics like the
3R's.
Pragmatism
- is regarded as an American philosophy whose various forms advocate experimentalism,
instrumentalism, functionalism, and practicalism and their curricular offerings imply a wide range of subject areas.
Pereninialism
- is a traditional educational theory that puts premium on eternal truth as contained in the "Great Books".
Existentialism
- personalizes knowledge to the individual. The person chooses the knowledge that he deems is relevant to his process of becoming to realize his
essence.

2. Teacher H asks one of her students, “What do you want to become when you grow up?” This
question is an indication of what kind of philosophy?
A. Progressivism C. Existentialism
B. Naturalism D. Idealism

RATIONALIZATION:
D - Idealism. Idealism is the answer because it stresses the existence of ideas independent from the material world. Ideas that which exist in the
mind are the only reality.

3. Teacher X has not only explained the concept of Philosophy of Education but also imparted this to her students. This demonstrates what kind of
philosophy?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Perennialism

RATIONALIZATION:
C - Realism. Realism concerns with what is real, actual. For ideas to be realized, they must be transferred or demonstrated.

4. In his class, Teacher M always presents principles and values so as to encourage his students to examine them and decide for themselves whether
to accept them or not. What kind of philosophy does he practice?
A. Idealism C. Humanism
B. Essentialism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION:
D - Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes subjectivity, freedom and responsibility.

5. When a teacher emphasizes that man’s sense should be trusted because they are the only
way to acquire knowledge, the teacher can be regarded as .
A. Naturalist C. Empiricist
B. Realist D. Pragmatist

RATIONALIZATION:
C -Empiricism. Empiricism upholds that the only source of knowledge is the senses and sense-based experience.

6. Teacher K views her pupils as unique, free choosing, and responsible individuals. She plans activities where the pupil can develop his unique
personality. What theory underlies this nature of the pupil?
A. Realism C. Existentialism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION:
C. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of self hood whose fundamental doctrine proclaims man’s freedom in the
accomplishment of his destiny. In this case, emphasis is given on the students rather than on the curriculum content.

7. "Learning is the process of retrieving prior learning", this is a statement from _.

A. Constructivist C. Progressivist
B. Reconstructivist D. Empiricist

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Constructivist. As defined, Constructivism is a philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside of the human conceptions.
It is the individual that construct reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it. It is founded on the premise that by reflecting
on our own experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Therefore, learning is simply the process of adjusting our
mental modes to accommodate new experiences.
8. Teacher U teaches to his pupils that pleasure is not the highest good. Teacher's teaching is against what philosophy?
A. Realism C. Epicureanism
B. Hedonism D. Empiricism

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Hedonism. Epicureanism is just a form of Hedonism. Hedonism is the general, Epicureanism is the specific. Always select the general answer.

9. After listening to the homily of the Priest about fidelity, Catherine has a moment of reflection. Her understanding of the value of fidelity has
become deeper as she related this to her past experience. This typifies what kind of philosophy?
A. Constructivism C. Humanism
B. Reconstructivism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Constructivism. Constructivism is a philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside the human conceptions. It is the
individual who construct reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it.

10. After studying the Principle of Identity, Teacher W asks her students to determine which among the given set of problems conforms to the said
identity. This shows that Teacher W upholds what kind of Philosophy?
A. Perennialism C. Essentialism
B. Progressivism D. Naturalism

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Progressivism. Progressivism is a philosophy of learning by doing things.

11. Thea listened to the advice given by her sister to end the relationship that she has with Gilbert. However, her sister learned that the advice she
has given was not followed and Thea decided to continue the relationship. This action of Thea is a manifestation of what kind of philosophy?
A. Essentialism C. Perennialism
B. Existentialism D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of selfhood
and proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his destiny.

12. After finishing the degree in Education, Teacher M learns that learning never stops. In fact, she accumulates more knowledge after leaving the
portal of her alma mater. This typifies what kind of philosophy?
A. Constructivism C. Progressivism
B. Perennialism D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION:
C. Progressivism. Progressivism connotes change, growth and development. It is an active form of philosophy for it continues to evolve.

13. Matilda is an advocate of the principle “making the most of your life”. She is indeed an
advocate of what kind of philosophy?
A. Humanism C. Realism
B. Perennialism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Humanism. Humanism is a philosophy that stresses to “live life to the fullest”.

14. Teacher X is a very dedicated teacher in the nursery. Her foremost concern is for students to learn how to adapt themselves in the environment.
This shows that Teacher X upholds what kind of philosophy?
A. Naturalism C. Progressivism
B. Pragmatism D. Rationalism

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Naturalism. Naturalism aims to unfold the child’s potential, not to prepare him for a definite vocation or social position but to prepare him to
adapt to the changing times and needs.

15. Teacher J serves as an inspiration to his students because of his efficiency and effectiveness as a teacher. The mind set of his students towards
him/her is an instance of what kind of philosophy?

A. Realism C. Nationalism
B. Idealism D. Constructivism

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Idealism. Idealism is a philosophy which asserts that what’s in the mind is the only reality. In this situation, the teacher inspires his/her students
through the values that he/she possessed. Values are absolute are told to belong in realm of ideas. Hence, these are considered as ideas that exist
only in the mind.
16. John learns well through active interplay with others. His learning increases when engaged in activities that has meaning in him. Which
philosophy can describe this?
A. Progressivism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Empiricism

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Progressivism. Progressivism is a philosophy of hands of learning or experiential learning. “Learning by doing”. Learning is based from the
questions of one’s experience of the world. Hence, it is the learner himself who thinks, solves, and gives meaning through his individual experiences.

17. Your teacher is of the opinion that the world and everything in it are ever changing and so teaches you the skill to cope with the changes. Which
in his governing philosophy?
A. Experimentalism C. Idealism
B. Existentialism D. Realism

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Experimentalism. Experimentalism believes that things are constantly changing. It is based on the view that reality is what works right now and
that goodness comes from group decisions. As a result, schools exist to discover and expand the society we live in. Students study social experiences
and solve problems.

18. Principal C shares this thought with his teachers: "Subject matter should help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique
individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and actions." From which philosophy is this thought
based? / Teacher V teaches her students to appreciate themselves as unique individuals and are
to accept the responsibility to their feelings, actions and thoughts. She upholds the philosophy of
.
A. Perennialism C. Existentialism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION:
C. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of selfhood
and proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his destiny.

19. Teacher H class is engage in problem solving activity which in a way is a reflection of the personal and social experiences. The purpose of this
activity is for the students to acquire the skills that can help them in solving their own real-life problems. What philosophy can best describe this?
A. Realism C. Progressivism
B. Idealism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION:
C. Progressivism. Progressivism connotes growth and development. In this manner learning comes best when things are being experienced, that is
learning by doing
things. It involves participation of the students and allows them to exercise freedom.

20. In the Social Science class of Teacher G, students identify the various social and economic problems that require urgent solutions. They not
only discuss the ways to address it but also agreed to participate in solving them. What kind of philosophy does this class uphold?
A. Naturalism C. Progressivism
B. Constructivism D. Reconstructivism

RATIONALIZATION:
D. Reconstructivism. Reconstructivism covers the underlying factors that constitute reality or society. In this regard, students are encourage to
become involved in the problems whether political, social, or economical that confront the society and be able to arrive at solutions in order to
reconstruct society.

21. A curriculum should only include those that have survived the test of time and combine the symbols of literature, history, and mathematics.
Thus, curriculum like this contains values that are constant and universal. What philosophy describes this kind of curriculum?
A. Idealism C . Humanism
B. Perennialism D. Essentialism

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Perennialism. Perennialism maintains that education involves confronting the problems and questions that have challenged people over the
centuries. Thus there is a need to study classical tradition of great books.

22. Who among the following puts more emphasis on core requirements, longer school day, longer academic year and more challenging textbooks?
A. Perennialist C. Progressivist
B. Essentialist D. Existentialist

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Essentialist. Essentialism is an educational theory rooted in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing the
essentials of the basics like the 3R's.

23. “Education is a continuous process of experiencing and of visiting or reorganizing

experiences “according to a Progressivist. What does it mean?
A. Education begins and ends in school.
B. Education takes place anytime and anywhere.
C. Education happens formally and informally.
D. Education goes on throughout life.

RATIONALIZATION:
D. Education goes on throughout life. Progressivism connotes growth and development. It is an active form of philosophy for it continues to evolve.

24. Mr. Cruz exemplifies an ideal teacher and son. He is competent in his field based on the various recognitions that he received from his school.
As a dutiful son, he assumes all the responsibilities of raising his family (this includes his parents, siblings, and their own families) – giving all their
needs and wants. The fulfilment of these is the neglect of the responsibilities to himself. This attitude of Mr. Cruz is against what kind of philosophy?
A. Existentialism C. Pragmatism
B. Constructivism D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION:
D. Humanism. Humanism stresses personal culture, individual freedom, and development (the best way towards full and rich lives).

25. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in the bank. At the end of the school year, he used all his savings in visiting
places rich of cultural heritages rather than of buying expensive clothes, jewellery, and latest gadgets. Favoring the former action over the latter
exhibits that Teacher R follows what kind of philosophy?
A. Existentialism C. Behaviorism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that gives a person the freedom to choose. It is a philosophy of subjectivity.

26. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in the bank. At the end of the school year, he used all his savings in visiting
places rich of cultural heritages rather than of buying expensive clothes, jewellery, and latest gadgets. This shows that Teacher R is an advocate of
what kind of philosophy?
A. Pragmatism C. Naturalism
B. Perennialism D. Essentialism

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Perennialism. Perennialism views education as a recurring process based on eternal truths. Good education involves a search for and
understanding of truth which can all be found in the great works of civilization.

27. Teacher X rates the art work of her students not just on the merit of its appeal to the senses but also considers its uniqueness and the responsibility
that every student has given in accomplishing the task. This practice shows how Teacher X upholds this kind of philosophy:
A. Realism C. Idealism
B. Reconstructivism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION:
D. Existentialism. Conceives philosophy as something that is felt by an individual because it’s concrete in itself or based on what is concrete. There
is also personal involvement in this kind of philosophy.

28. In line with the philosophy of Reconstructivism, which of the following should be given emphasis in teaching?
A. To seek a better position in the society
B. To compare oneself with the less fortunate
C. To become economically self-reliant
D. To designate one’s superiority over the others

RATIONALIZATION:
C. To become economically self-reliant. Reconstructivism aims to achieve social changes. This is a philosophy that entails the identification of
social problems, finding solutions for this and be a part of the solution.

29. Joining organizations or clubs in school is requisite to granting of academic distinction under DECS Order No. 65, s. 1998. This shows school
community connection reflected in activities geared towards society's needs. What philosophy is related to this? / Activities planned by
school clubs or organizations show school-community connection geared towards society's needs.

What philosophy is related to this?

A. Realism C. Existentialism
B. Progressivism D. Reconstructivism

RATIONALIZATION:
D. Reconstructivism. Reconstructivism aims to achieve social changes. This is a philosophy that entails the identification of social problems, finding
solutions for this and be a part of the solution.

30. Increase of time allotment in English, Math and Science in the Elementary level under the New Elementary School Curriculum (NESC) as
provided in DECS Order No. 1, s. 1993 contributes in the culturation of basic literacy by providing the needed essential skills. The related
philosophy is .
A. Realism C. Idealism
B. Essentialism D. Perennialism

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Essentialism. Essentialism is an educational theory rooted in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing the
essentials of the basics like the 3R's.

31. Teacher A believes that the learner is the product of his environment. Sometimes he has no choice. He/she is determined by his environment.
A. Rationalist C. Existentialist
B. Behaviorist D. Progressivist

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Behaviorist. A behaviourist believes that human behaviour can be best explained in terms of responses to external stimuli. Also, education can
be best achieved by modifying or changing student behaviours in a socially acceptable manner through the arrangement of the conditions for
learning. The control is obtained not by manipulating the individual, but the environment.

32. The curriculum is viewed as a means of developing desirable habits. It is recommended that the way /means to form these habits is through the
mastery of organized subject matter. Which philosophy is behind this educational view?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Pragmatism

RATIONALIZATION:
C. Realism. This educative process is viewed mainly as the transmission of information and knowledge. The curriculum has the function of forming
the body and this interrelationship gives rise to the dictum "sound mind in a sound body."

33. Teachers in school perform the role and responsibility of parents in the development and education of the child. This stems from the belief that
the home is the primary agency in the education of the individual. Thus, teachers are regarded as surrogate parents along the loco parentis principle.
Which philosophy espouses this view of education?
A. Pragmatism C. Idealism
B. Naturalism D. Realism

RATIONALIZATION:
B. Naturalism - the school is seen as the extension of home and teachers are deemed "surrogate parents".

34. This philosophy believes that students need a passionate encounter with the positive and negative phases of life like the joy and agony of love,
desirability of life, the inevitability of death, the anguish of freedom and the consequences of choices and actions. Which philosophy advocates this
view in education?
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Perennialism D. Realism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Existentialism - it is a modern school of thought that grew out of the thoughts of European philosophers , particularly
from Soren Kierkegaard, who believes that the central problem humanity is facing is the ability to cope with its existence.