An engineering company is designing a fluid circuit.

Water (ρ = 1000 kgm -3 ; µ = 1 X10-3

Pa.s) flows under gravity from reservoir A to B both of which are of large diameter, as
shown in Figure 1 below. Estimate the flow rate of the water through the smooth
walled 50 mm diameter connecting pipe of total length of 75 m.
(30 marks)
The following data are available:
273
KGate valve =
Re
384 25
KGlobe valve = (Re < 2100) ; KGlobe valve = (Re >2100)
Re Re
842
Kelbow = (Re > 2100) ; Kelbow = 0.9 (Re < 2100)
Re

Figure 1: Schematics of the fluid circuit

QUESTION 2: Mixing and agitation

2.1 A six blade turbine agitator (flat blade) is installed in a tank. The tank diameter
is 1.83 m, the turbine width is 0.122 m. The Reynolds number were
calculated to be 5.185X104. The tank contains symmetrical baffles equally
spaced, each having a width of 0.15 m. The turbine is operated at 90 rpm
and the liquid in the tank has a viscosity of 0.01 Pa.s and a density of 929
kg/m3.
a) Calculate the required kW of the mixer.

(6 marks)
 b) Calculate the % difference in kW required if the viscosity of the solution
increases by 10000 fold.

(8 marks)

QUESTION 3: Cooling towers

3.1 (a) In summer, the outer surface of a glass filled with iced water frequently (2 marks)
(b) “sweat.”
Why doesHow can you
a simple explain
heating this sweating?
or cooling process appear as a horizontal line (2 marks)
on the psychrometric chart?
(c) How would you compare the enthalpy of water vapour at 20°C and (2 marks)
32 kPa with the enthalpy of water at 20°C and 0.5kPa?
3.2 70 MW of waste heat have to be removed from the inlet water stream
entering a natural-draft cooling tower at 42°C and leaving at 30°C. The
atmospheric air enters the tower at 1 atm with dry and wet-bulb
temperatures of 23 and 16°, respectively, and leaves saturated at 37°C.
Determine:
(a) The mass flow rate of the cooling water (22 marks)

(b) The volumetric flow rate of air into the cooling tower (2 marks)

(c) The mass flow rate of the required make-up water (2 marks)

QUESTION 4: Application of fittings and valves in process industry

4.1 Various types of valves are used in the industry. Describe the
applications of the following:
(a) Check valve (2 marks)

(b) Relief valve (2 marks)

(c) Safety valve (2 marks)

QUESTION 5: Environmental management systems

4.1 Describe in your own words why the industries should implement cleaner (5 marks)

production processes.