M.Sc. (Eng.

) in Building Services Engineering

MEBS6000:
S6000 Utility
Ut ty Services
Se ces

Sanitary and Stormwater Drainage

Department
D t t off Mechanical
M h i l Engineering
E i i
The University of Hong Kong
Contents

• Introduction

• Sanitary Drainage

• Stormwater Drainage

• Drainage
g Below Ground
2
 What is the greatest
invention in the world in
the past centuries?
Introduction

• Drainage
• Above- + below-ground systems
• Sanitation, foul drainage, soil & waste
• Soil or foul = from W.C.; waste = from basin/sink
• Stormwater
St t / rainwater
i t / surface-water
f t
• Objectives
• R
Remove effluent
ffl t quickly
i kl & quietly
i tl
• Free from blockage, durable and economic
• Expected
E t d to
t last
l t as long
l as the
th building!
b ildi !
4
Introduction

• Sanitary appliances
• Common types:
• Flushing cistern, flushing trough, automatic flushing
cistern, flushing valve
• Water
W closets
l (W.C.),
(W C ) urinal,
i l bidets
bid
• Shower and bath
• Sink,
Sink cleaner
cleaner’ss sink
• Drinking fountain
• Wash basin or washingg troughg

5
Sanitary
y appliances
pp

Flushing cistern and water

closets (W.C.)

Automatic flushing cistern

and urinal

6
Drainage Below Ground

• Connection of drainage to sewer

• Must be made obliquely in the direction of flow
• Drain to another drain
• Drain to a private sewer
• Drain to a public sewer
• Cost and maintenance issues
• Public sewer: by government/authority
• Private sewer/drain: by building owner

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Use of
separate
drains

Use of
private
i t
sewer
Drainage Below Ground

Stormwater or foul sewers

Swimming pool main drain, footbath main drain and
swimming pool make up tank drain  stormwater
make-up
drains

The filtration plant backwash  foul sewers.

Drainage serving open transport interchanges and cargo

handling areas  to stormwater drains (via petrol
interceptor)
(but allow stormwater bypass during peak flow periods).
periods)
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Further Reading

• Hall, F., 1995. Essential Building Services and

Equipment, 2nd ed., Chp. 11, Newes, Oxford.
• Sanitary appliances
• Hall, F., 1994. Building Services and Equipment, 3rd
ed.,, Vol. 3,, Chps.
p 4 & 5,, Longman,
g , London.
• Design calculations & examples
• IOP, 1988. Plumbing Engineering Services Design
G d 2nd
Guide, 2 d ed.,
d Institute
I i off Plumbing,
Pl bi H
Hornchurch,
h h
Essex, UK, pp. 84-89.
• Design data and procedure

63
Web Links

• Building (Standards of Sanitary Fitments, Plumbing,

Drainage Works and Latrines) Regulations
• From http://www.justice.gov.hk/
• Drainage Services Department (DSD), Hong Kong
• http://www.info.gov.hk/dsd/
h // i f hk/d d/
• Hong Kong Observatory (HKO)
• http://www.hko.gov.hk/
htt // hk hk/

64
 Drainage
g – Exercise One

Using the theory of rectangular weirs, show that the diameter of the outlets, D0 (mm)
with large gutters as a function of roof area could be presented by :
2
 RA 
Do  5  
 0 . 0017 

where Q is the flow rate (m3/s)

Cd is the discharge coefficient (=0.64)
h1 is the head over weir (m)
B is the width over the weir (m)
g is the gravity acceleration (9 8 m/s2)
(9.8
RA is the roof area in m2
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Drainage – Exercise Two

Determine the size of diameter of rain water

pipes for the flat roof of a 15-storey building.
The roof area is 570m2. Moreover, due to the
constraint
t i t in
i running
i the
th rain
i water
t pipe,
i only
l
two pipes provided at opposite corners of the
building are allowed.
allowed

66
Drainage – Exercise Three

Define what is hydraulic mean depth m and show that m

equals D/4 for full bore flow,
flow where D is the diameter of
the pipe.

Determine
D t i the
th gradient
di t off a 100mm
100 di
diameter
t drain
d i running
i
at half-bore with an average velocity of flow of 1.35 m/s by
making use of the Chezy formulae (The average coefficient
of friction may be taken as 0.006).

67
Drainage
g – Exercise Four

A foul sewer is for discharging the soil and waste water of

a building having 150 flats.
flats It is given that,
that for simplicity,
simplicity
each flat has four family members. Moreover, the water
consumption of each person is 240 litres per second per
day.
Determine the size of this sewer. You may assume that the
sewer runs at half
half-bore
bore flow only with velocity at 1m/s.
1m/s

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