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INTEGRATION
List of formulae

x n 1
 x dx e
n x
1. = c 2. dx = ex + c
n 1
1
3.  k dx = kx + c 3.  x dx = log x + c

5.  sin x dx = – cos x + c 6.  cos x dx = sin x + c

7.  sec2x dx = tan x + c 8.  cosec2 x dx = – cot x + c
9.  sec x tan x dx = sec x + c 10.  cosec x cot x dx = – cosec x + c
dx dx
11.  1- x 2
= sin-1x + c 12.  1 x 2
= tan-1x + c

dx
13. x x2 1
= sec–1x + c 14.  tan x dx = log (sec x) + c

15.  cot x dx = log(sin x) + c 16.  sec x dx = log(sec x + tan x) + c

17.  cosec x dx = – log (cosec x + cot x) + c 18.  logx dx = x logx – x + c
dx x dx 1 x
19.  a -x2
 sin -1   + c
a
2
20. a 2
x 2
=
a
tan–1   + c
a
dx dx
21.  x a 2 2
= log x x2  a2 +c 22.  x a 2 2
= log x x2  a2 +c

dx 1 ax dx 1 x -a
23. a 2
x 2
=
2a
log
a-x
+c 24. x 2
a 2
=
2a
log
xa
+c

x a2 x
25.  a 2 - x 2 dx =
2
a2 - x2 +
2
sin -1   + c
a
x a 2
26.  x 2 - a 2 dx = x2 - a2 - log x  x  a + c
2 2

2 2
x a2
27.  x 2  a 2 dx = x2  a2 + log x  x  a + c
2 2

2 2
28. Integration by parts

If we take f(x) as the first function and g(x) as the second function, using the
order of ‘ILATE’ then
 f(x) g(x) dx = f(x)  g(x) dx - f ' (x) g(x) dx dx   
Remark 1.

To integrate the second and third powers of sine and cosine of angles use the
following formulae

1  cos 2 x 1  cos 2 x
1. Sin2 x = 2. cos2 x =
2 2
3 sin x  sin 3x 3 cos x  cos 3 x
3. sin3x = 4. cos3 x =
4 4
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Remark 2

To integrate the products of sine and cosine of angles use the following
formulae

1
1. sin A cos B = [sin(A+B) + sin (A–B)]
2
1
2. cos A sin B = [sin(A+B) – sin (A–B)]
2
1
3. cos A cos B = [cos(A+B) + cos (A–B)]
2
1
4. sin A sin B = [cos(A–B) – cos (A+B)]
2
 2x  1  1  x   2x 
2
sin 1   = cos 
 
2  =
tan 1  2  = 2 tan x
-1

 1  x 2
  1  x   1  x 

Types of Integrals

f' (x) f' (x)

1.  f(x)
dx = log|f(x)| + c 2.  f(x)
dx =2 f(x) + c

[f(x)] n 1
3.  [f(x)]n f’(x) dx =
n 1
+c

1 1
Integration of type and
a  b sin x a  b cos x

2 tan 2x 1  tan 2 x
2
Since sin x = and cos x =
1  tan 2 x
2 1  tan 2 x
2
2t
Take t = tan (x/2)  sin x= and x = 2 tan-1t
1 t2
2dt
 dx = and then substitute in the given integral
1 t2

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