Some Important Integrals

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xn +1
 c dx = cx , where c is constant  x dx =
n
• • , n ≠ −1 ,
n +1
ax dx
 e dx = e •  a dx = • 
x x x
• = ln | x |
ln a x
 sin x dx = − cos x •  sec x dx = tan x •  sec x tan x dx = sec x
2
•

•  cos x dx = sin x •  csc2 x dx = − cot x •  csc x cot x dx = − csc x

•  tan x dx = ln | sec x |= − ln | cos x | •  sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x |

•  cot x dx = ln | sin x |= − ln | csc x | •  csc x dx = ln | csc x − cot x | = − ln | csc x + cot x |
dx −1 x −1 x
•  a 2 − x2 = sin a or − cos a •  sinh x dx = cosh x

dx 1 x 1 x
 a2 + x2 = a tan  cosh x dx = sinh x
−1
• or − cot −1 •
a a a
dx 1 x 1 x
•  = sec−1 or − csc−1 •  sech
2
x dx = tanh x
x x2 − a2 a a a a
dx x
•  = sinh −1 = ln( x + x 2 + a 2 ) •  csch
2
x dx = − coth x
a 2 + x2 a
dx x
•  = cosh −1 = ln( x + x 2 − a 2 ) •  sech x tanh x dx = − sech x
x2 − a2 a
dx 1 −1 x 1 a + a2 − x2
•  x a2 − x2 a
= − sech
a
= −
a
ln
x
•  csch x coth x dx = − coth x
dx 1 −1 x 1 a + a 2 + x2
•  x a2 + x2 a
= − csch
a
= −
a
ln
x
•  tanh x dx = ln | cosh x |
dx 1 a+x 1 x
•  2 2
= ln = tanh −1 if x 2 < a 2 •  coth x dx = ln | sinh x |
a −x 2 a a − x a a
dx 1 x−a 1 x
•  2 2
= ln = − coth −1 if x 2 > a 2
x −a 2 a x + a a a
x a 2 − x 2 a 2 −1  x 
•  a 2 − x2 dx =
2
+ sin  
2 a
x x2 + a2 a 2 x + x2 + a2
•  x 2 + a 2 dx =
2
+ ln
2 a

x x2 − a2 a2 x + x2 − a 2

2 2
• x − a dx = − ln
2 2 a

Made by Atiq ur Rehman ( atiq@mathcity.org )

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